text:
Rocky Road 100-mile Relay
Todd, Gretchen, Connie, Lani and Tanya - Team Barkin' Dawgs
Leg Distance Runner Start End Time Total Time
1 15 miles Connie Hernstedt 7:14:51am 9:46:22am 2:32:31 2:32:31
2 15 miles Gretchen Wood 9:46:22am 12:10:28pm 2:24:06 4:56:37
3 15 miles Lani Secker 12:10:28pm 4:30:58pm 4:20:30 9:17:07
4 15 miles Tanya Bender 4.30.58pm 8:38:59pm 4:08:01 13:25:08
5 15 miles Todd Coston 8:38:59pm 12:13:00am 3:35:01 17:00:09
6 15 miles Connie Hernstedt/Gretchen Wood 12:13:00am 3:26:14am 3:13:14 20:13:23
7 10 miles Connie Hernstedt/Gretchen Wood 3:26:14am 5:43:40am 2:16:26 22:29:49
* We beat all the other relay teams to take the team championship!!!!! (we were the only relay team)
* There were over 120 racers running the whole 100 miles solo, those are the true athletes!
* The man that won the race did the 100 miles in about 13 hours (as compared to our 22 hours).
* The #1 guy beat the #2 guy by over 2 hours!!
* Connie and Gretchen each ran their own leg (#1 an #2) and then ran legs #6 and #7 with no sleep between their runs for a total of 40 miles each!!
Each of us that ran on team Barkin Dawgs had to go outside of our comfort zone. Lani, Tanya and I had never done something like this before and just wanted to finish our 15 miles. Connie and Gretchen had never done anything longer than a marathon. Everybody in the race (not just our team) was super encouraging. For most of these people it is all about just finishing the race and they are all rooting for each other. Truly a classy bunch....who just happens to love torture! :-)


The reliable STIGA SP 526 petrol chainsaw has a good weight-power ratio, and a 50 cm (20") guide bar for tackling the most demanding of tasks making it suitable for both domestic and forestry work. The 52 cc (2.5 kW) petrol engine is teamed with a magnesium engine cover which ensures robustness, reliability and quick cooling. The decompression valve allows easy starting, while the oil pump is automatic and adjustable. Maintenance operations can be performed quickly and easily thanks to features such as the handle for opening the air filter cover without the need for additional tools, the tensioning wrench located under the rear handle and the fuel tank level monitoring window. The ergonomic soft-touch handle and spring system ensure reduced vibrations and greater comfort.
The manual and inertial chain brake allows you to stop the chain in 0.089 seconds with just one hand, offering maximum safety in the event of kickback.
The new 52 cc spark ignition motor delivers the power required for comfortable and prolonged tasks, while maintaining low emission levels and optimised fuel consumption.
The ergonomic front handle and soft-touch rear handle, combined with the conveniently positioned levers, enable a comfortable and secure grip.
The quick-release system allows immediate access to the air filter and spark plug for maintenance.
The oil tank cap is in a convenient and easily accessible position and the fuel level can be checked using the practical level monitoring window.
Trousers, jackets and gloves, all made out of cut-resistant material, safety shoes and a protective helmet with sound attenuating ear-muffs and a protective visor are ideal equipment for cutting wood. Among the parts and accessories indicated for this model, there is a wide selection of products which can be used for suitable gear. We recommend that you exercise the utmost care as well as wearing appropriate clothing when using this type of machine, and that you bear in mind the importance of consulting the manual when you make your choice.
What kind of protective gear should I use?
What kind of maintenance should I carry out?
To ensure that the machine is functioning correctly and to guarantee maximum longevity of the machine, we recommend that you clean the air filter, the spark plug and the compartment located behind the bar cover regularly (depending on the frequency and intensity of use): these are areas in which dirt and sawdust constantly pile up. We recommend that you constantly check the chain oil level inside the tank in order to always ensure that the cutting tool is properly lubricated. Next, make sure that the chain is always sharp, and if not, sharpen it or take it to an authorised service provider to have it sharpened. We remind you of the importance to consult the manual to familiarise yourself with every detail of these operations.
How are the bar and chain lubricated?
In order to guarantee perfect functionality, the bar and chain of this cutting device require constant lubrication. To this end, the machine is equipped with a chain oil tank, which should be constantly monitored to ensure that the fluid never runs out. The oil is pumped automatically, and in this model, you can adjust the intensity of the flow.
How can the chain be sharpened?
Every machine is supplied with a metal rod which you can use to sharpen the chain yourself. This method required you to sharped each tooth individually. Before you start sharpening the chain yourself, we recommend that you carefully consult and follow the detailed instructions which are found in the manual. The STIGA dealer network offers sharpening services if you prefer to have your cutting device sharpened by a professional. You can also see an overview of the services STIGA offers in this area by consulting the Parts and Accessories section of this website.
How often should the chain be replaced?
The chain will wear down, and how quickly this happens will depends on the frequency and intensity of use, as well as the type of wood cut.
When the cutting performance remains poor despite sharpening, you will need to replace the chain. You will find compatible replacements among the parts and accessories on this page.
Which replacement chain should I use for this product?
We recommend that you replace the original with a new STIGA chain. Each chainsaw model can fit specific types of chains, depending on the characteristics of the machine and the bar length. To know which type you should use with this model, we recommend that you go to the parts and accessories section on the website, or else refer to the manual.
The chain will wear down, and how quickly this happens will depends on the frequency and intensity of use, as well as the type of wood cut. When the cutting performance remains poor despite sharpening, you will need to replace the chain. You will find compatible replacements among the parts and accessories on this page.
ROUND FILE 3/16 4,8 MM"
Round STIGA file with a 4.8 mm diameter, for sharpening chainsaw chains.
FILING KIT 3/16 4,8 MM"
STIGA kit for sharpening chainsaw chains.
STIGA biodegradable viscous chain oil in 5-litre bottle.
STIGA forestry helmet with visor and ear protectors.
STIGA over-trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A. Single size.
STIGA forest jacket in stretch micro-rip material with Pezatec protection. Size S.
STIGA forest jacket in 4-way stretch micro-rip with Pezatec® protection. Size M.
STIGA forest jacket in stretch micro-rip material with Pezatec protection. Size L.
STIGA forest jacket in stretch micro-rip material with Pezatec protection. Size XL.
STIGA forest jacket in stretch micro-rip material with Pezatec protection. Size XXL.
STIGA protective trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A in stretch material with yellow markings. Size S.
STIGA protective trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A in stretch material with yellow markings. Size M.
STIGA protective trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A in stretch material with yellow markings. Size L.
STIGA protective trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A in stretch material with yellow markings. Size XL.
STIGA protective trousers with class 1 chainsaw protection (20 m/s) type A in stretch material with yellow markings. Size XXL.
Adjustable universal STIGA harness with rings. Black and white with logo.
Adjustable universal STIGA harness with clips. Black and white with logo.
STIGA combi double jerrycan with 5-litre + 2-litre capacity.
STIGA protective mineral oil for lubrication of all types of chainsaw chains in a 1-litre bottle.
STIGA protective mineral oil for lubrication of all types of chainsaw chains in a 5-litre bottle.
STIGA 2-stroke synthetic oil for lubrication of chainsaws and brushcutters in a 1-litre bottle with dispenser.
STIGA 2-stroke lubricant for chainsaws and brushcutters in a 0.1-litre bottle.
STIGA biodegradable viscous chain oil in 1-litre bottle.
CHAIN .325 .058" (1.5mm) 78E"
Chain for STIGA .325" .058" (21BPX078E)-type chainsaw suitable for 50 cm (20") bars.
Chain roll for STIGA .325" .058-type chainsaw (21 BPX - 100R).


Monument Chiropractic is the independent, full-service chiropractic and physiotherapy practice of Dr. Monica Richards. We provide a friendly, caring, and results-oriented environment where your health comes first.
HAVE FUN LEARNING ABOUT YOUR BODY!


It's the latest wonder food to take the internet Cloud bread is the low-carb, grain-free alternative that's taken bread off the banned list and put it back on the menu for dieters and gluten-free fanatics everywhere. Cloud Bread is soft and pillowy light. Don't let the name fool you. It's not really bread but a bread replacement. It contains no flour so of course, they're grain-free. Four simple ingredients is all you need. Made with eggs, cream cheese, cream of tartar and sweetener.
Head over to cinnamonandtoast.com below and check out how to make this amazing bread alternative .The baking time for your cloud bread will be about 30 minutes in your oven at 300 degrees. The bread you make is also perfect to use for having a hot dog or maybe add some berries and whipped cream for a tasty treat. Freeze some to use later or just put them in your refrigerator. Check out this great recipe today.


"The Great Patriotic War" is what the people of Russia and other countries once known as the Soviet Union call WWII. In a monumental struggle against the Blitzkrieg of Hitler's invasion in June of 1941, incomprehensible numbers of both Red Army soldiers and ordinary civilians perished in the first year alone. Even more suffered horribly from starvation, disease and exposure in the wake of Stalin's cynically calculated scorched earth policy as everything of possible use to the advancing Germans was carried away or destroyed in place.
Despite terrible hardships the ordinary Soviet soldier and partisan fought on with courage and determination. Often going into combat without enough weapons to go around and severe shortages of ammunition, these tough men and women were rarely known to falter. While cynics may point out that death in battle was much less certain for them than execution by Stalin's NKVD secret police goons should retreat be even contemplated, they finally stopped the Germans on the outskirts of Moscow a year later. This marked the turning point of the war in the East and the Red Army began taking the offensive.
Following the death or capture of over 200,000 men in the Stalingrad pocket, the Germans began a slow, agonizing withdrawal back toward the Fatherland. Relentlessly pushed by ever-growing numbers of Soviets armed and equipped with fresh new tanks, artillery and other weapons from both American Lend-Lease as well as their own factories, Hitler's Ostfront warriors could do no more than postpone the inevitable. Exactly 27 months after General Strecker surrendered XI Corps at Stalingrad's famous Tractor Works, the German capitol city of Berlin fell to an unstoppable Red Army.
The weapons, particularly small arms, used by the combatants at Stalingrad were essentially the same for the whole course of the war. Their pistols, submachine guns, rifles, light and heavy machine guns, grenades, mines, mortars and the like were sturdy and effective in the hands of determined soldiers. For the Red Army, the emphasis was on production of existing designs with little time or industrial capacity to spare for improvement or innovation.
This photo gallery shows many of the most common types in use by the Soviets and Germans during the war. Most come from the collection of the incomparable Ordnance Corps Colonel J. B. Jarrett, a leader in U. S. Army small arms development in WWII. Colonel Jarrett's intense personal and professional interest in soldiers and their weaponry led to his acquisition of large numbers of wartime photos from all battlefronts and from many sources. When he died, this immensely valuable resource was rescued from oblivion by another giant in the field of small arms history, Mr. Thomas B. Nelson.
Nelson, one of the driving forces behind the legendary INTERARMCO and later COLLECTOR'S ARMOURY, went on to collaborate in the writing and publishing of an encyclopedic series of extraordinary small arms books. These include THE WORLD'S SUBMACHINE GUNS and companion volumes on machine pistols, assault rifles, fighting shotguns, as well as GERMAN MACHINEGUNS. We are deeply indebted to Mr. Nelson, along with caretakers at the National Archives, Center for Military History and other sources, for allowing complete access to their holdings so that SAR could bring the powerful images seen here to light once again.
While a few of these pictures are identified as having been taken at Stalingrad, most were shot elsewhere. All are typical of the men and weapons of this pivotal struggle and are included as a tribute to the courage and superhuman endurance of infantrymen of both mighty nations who fought to the death at Stalingrad and countless other cities from Moscow to Berlin.


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C-Spot Reviews
Reviews of books and non-published works
September 6, 2014 January 3, 2017 Nikki Little
Nikki Reviews Like Jazz by Heather Blackmore
From the blurb: Cassidy "Cazz" Warner, a smart, sporty, reticent newcomer to the senior class at Claiborne High, unwittingly attracts the attention of its most popular girl: Sarah Perkins, a bright, athletic, charismatic beauty. Just as the two begin to understand how extraordinary their friendship is, another cross-country move wrests Cazz away.
Ten years later, Cazz unexpectedly runs into Sarah during a fraud investigation at Sarah's charitable foundation. The women are inexorably drawn to each other, but Cazz's investigation into the foundation's finances limits her ability to be entirely honest with Sarah.
This book opens with an introduction of Cazz as an investigator getting called in by LAPD to determine whether embezzlement is occurring at a high-profile charitable foundation in the area. But quickly thereafter we travel back in time, to where Cazz is starting her first day at a new school (a theme familiar to anyone raised in a military family) where she meets the enigmatic Sarah Perkins. They begin an oft-times competitive relationship that develops into something more. The book is told from Cazz's point-of-view, which can be problematic, not having access to other characters' emotional state and experiences. It works well here, since we are witnessing a lot of Cazz's internal struggle, whereas Sarah tends to be much more forthright in her interactions.
I really enjoyed the first half of this book, as there was a good balance between angst and a realistic development of their relationship. Nothing felt very rushed and the emotional connection pulled me in right away. However, the second half of the book takes a different direction. Cazz in present-day is trying to investigate the embezzlement happening in Sarah's charitable foundation (I never did figure out what the charity actually raised money for, aside from 'helping people'). A main problem I had was how quickly I figured out who was embezzling (within seconds of Cazz entering the building), so the investigation was very secondary. Really, the most interesting parts of the book all dealt with the relationship between Cazz and Sarah, and I sincerely questioned Cazz's ability as an investigator.
I understand the need to have a mechanism for the two characters to come together after a long separation, but adding intrigue to the plot really didn't add anything to the story for me. If anything, I believe it detracted from what was working so well with the flow in the first half. I feel as though it could have benefited from taking the criminal component completely out and keeping it as straight romance. The author excelled at that aspect, but the dependence on the investigation took away what could have been a better-developed reawakening of their feelings. I normally enjoy romantic intrigue quite a bit, but I found myself frustrated (or bored) with most things Cazz did in the investigation.
For the romance alone, it was a good first novel by Heather Blackmore, and I did like it. If it was pure romance I would have probably loved it. I will definitely pick up more by her in the future to see how the author progresses, because I saw a lot of potential.
You can purchase or download a sample of Like Jazz by clicking here.
Heather Blackmore
Nikki Little
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sadly, only the anti-illegal law-abiding citizens of this country. They stand in line to kowtow to the others. It's sickening.
We have X amount of dollars and we have millions of legal citizens in need. And yet they want to pass amnesty for 10 million criminals or more who at the very least have no respect, no loyalty for our country and very few moral values. Well that pretty much describes your average politician. Birds of a feather stick together I have been told.
The last time i checked the only human rights i've heard of are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Immigration is not a divine or human right it is a privilege and privileges can be withheld.
Think about it -- Spain once controlled these countries; Spain set up their classist, two-tier system that still exists, taught them Spanish, etc. So, I think that Spain needs to take responsibility for them, just as England has a special relationship with her former empire countries. They'd be much happier in Spain, too, as they wouldn't have to learn a new language.
We need to tell the Spanish government that they need to step up and make it much easier for the Latin American poor to emigrate to their mother country. We can even help provide transportation.
EXCELLENT point! And they'll even entrust their children to coyotes to bring them here! When I lived on the Border, there were always stories about little children being caught crossing illegally and they'd have to find the parents. Of course, the media covered it in sob story fashion, about a joyful reunion between parents and kids, NEVER questioning why in the heck the parents left them in the first place and then paid a coyote to smuggle them across!
Even 20 years ago the warning signs were up at freeways that were more infamous than the "Shamwow" guy with the family running across dragging the kid. In most cases it is just the man running across after leaving the wife and/or kids. How is that not "breaking up the family" by abandoning your family. There are countless stories about how the man, who came to the US, met some other female and ended up with her. Is that our fault too?
Let me try this again. It pretty pathetic isn't it. (the illegal's that leave thier famlies) I think the way it works is, Other woman + countless spawn = welfare money ,public housing, ect. ect. Almost makes me sick. I can't rep. you on that post 1AngryTaxPayer, but, I wish I could.
Something tells me that would go over like a lead balloon in Spain.
Ironically; even White Argentines are not all that welcome to live in Spain anymore let alone Mestizos from Mexico, etc. Read that Spain is not exactly New World Hispanic friendly.
LOL, I know. Spain is very elitist and that's why the "ruling class" in Mexico established itself as it did, with no regard for the poor. This, of course, makes it even more relevant to Spain and they should take responsibility for what they created.
Just like I resent some Blacks blaming me simply because I am a White American for what happened during Jim Crow. I had no control over that situation one way or another---------plus I was still a minor when the last of those idiotic ordinances went away ca. 1967.


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Home » News » It's Not Too Late For Libya
It's Not Too Late For Libya
BY DANYA GREENFIELD
Secretary John Kerry's attendance at the Rome Ministerial Conference on Libya last Thursday is a positive—and much-needed—signal of renewed US attention to that troubled country. After the tragic events in Benghazi and partisan mudslinging that persists until today, support for Libya's tenuous democratic transition slipped down the ladder of priorities for the Obama administration. Despite being overshadowed by the Ukraine crisis, the international gathering was important if only to galvanize international attention on Libya and reinvigorate support to address both the political and security dimensions. One hopes that the high-level US presence might prompt some renewed attention from Washington, not only this week but in the weeks and months ahead.
Whether accurate or not, the perception of US inability or unwillingness to be actively engaged on Libya is pervasive not only inside the country, but also among our European allies. On a recent tour through Brussels, London, Rome and Paris discussing the Arab countries in transition, there was a great deal of hand-wringing about Libya, and this included references to US reticence to be more engaged. The overriding sentiment in each capital was an almost paralyzing sense of fear about deteriorating security; a high-ranking diplomat in the French Foreign Ministry characterized Libya as "an absolute nightmare" and echoed by a senior official in Italy who described it as "a complete disaster." Despite the consensus among Europeans on Libyan security and the need to address threats emanating from its shores—drug and weapons smuggling, human trafficking, and jihadi networks—there remains a prevalent lack of agency and direction about how to accomplish this. In part, it reflects the dominant feeling among both Europeans and the United States regarding the inability of Western policy makers to influence or leverage to shape events on the ground, not only in Libya but throughout the Arab world. International partners, however, must resist the urge to succumb to this sentiment if they wish to provide Libya the support it needs at this critical and precarious moment in its history.
Even though Europeans have much more at stake given Libya's proximity—and recognize their special responsibility for what happens in the southern Mediterranean region—many European partners expressed disappointment that the United States has not demonstrated much of a leadership role. Given that France and Britain led the way for the NATO mission in Libya, perhaps this is unsurprising; frankly, it provides a golden opportunity for the European Union, particularly Italy and France, to demonstrate greater initiative. Yet to date, the EU and European states have not forged an effective, sustained, and truly coordinated approach that would help Libya emerge from its security and political morass.
Some European officials will point to Libya as the one case where in fact the international actors are working cooperatively, but scratch below the surface and one quickly learns that the various EU, UN, NATO, US, and European bilateral programs suffer from a profound lack of coordination. Multiple players and initiatives—including the EU's Border Assistance Mission (EUBAM), the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), international efforts to create and train the General Purpose Forces (GPF), and other bilateral security assistance programs implemented by the United States, France, and the United Kingdom—are all trying to improve the security climate through discrete programs, but the net result is that very few troops have actually been trained to date. NATO Deputy Secretary General Ambassador Vershbow pledged support in advising the Libyan authorities on developing a national security strategy with a NATO advisory mission, but made it abundantly clear that the NATO advisory mission will "not seek to establish a full-time presence on the ground in Libya."
Clearly, NATO and the Europeans are reticent to consider a more robust role, yet several members of the European Parliament lamented that an important opportunity had been missed by the EU in the early days after Qaddafi's fall, and now the stakes are far higher. Militias and armed separatists challenge a weak and beleaguered central authority, yet a fragmented country would be a serious concern to Mediterranean neighbors to the north. While Europeans are attentive to this danger, most initiatives exist on only paper and their ability to implement the intended course of action is heavily constrained by lack of Libyan interlocutors and institutions. Equally troubling, the Europeans focus on helping to establish a security framework, but without sufficient attention to the underlying political, resource, and identity issues feeding the instability.
The organizers of the March 6 Ministerial Conference designed the gathering to boost international support to Libya's transition process and beleaguered leadership at a critical moment. Unlike previous international conferences in London and Paris that focused exclusively on security issues, the Rome conference reflected a far more nuanced understanding of the inextricable links between the political and security dimensions. The discussions focused on the need to forge agreement among Libya's diverse tribal, religious, and ethnic populations and to navigate a path forward that addresses the mandate of the General National Congress, constitution-writing, and the conduct of elections in a way that is seen as legitimate among a majority of Libyans.
Often missing in discussions about Libya is the sense that an opportunity still remains to help forge functioning democratic institutions and a governance structure that could achieve the aspirations of the Libyan people. Europe views Libya solely through the lens of threats and risks, which is understandable, but a stable and secure Libya can only be achieved with an inclusive and accountable political system that delivers basic services, creates economic opportunity, and addresses the grievances of various political and ethnic groups.
Secretary Kerry's remarks struck the right tone, noting his and other ministers' presence "demonstrate[s] our commitment to Libya's democratic transition. And we recognize that this is really a pivotal moment for Libya as it drafts a post-revolution constitution and moves towards national reconciliation and elections." Yet the prevalence of the security focus was not far, as Kerry noted: "We will continue to work closely to fight terrorism to prevent the spread of conventional weapons and to secure those weapons where they should be secured and to build democratic institutions."
To do so will require a whole-of-government approach that extends to the international level and brings together the resources, technical assistance, and attention of the United States, EU, UNSMIL, NATO, key European states, and regional actors including Turkey and the Gulf states. Domestic efforts and international assistance has already laid the initial groundwork for such an approach on security issues, but success requires sustained and ongoing attention at the highest levels, and such efforts need to extend to political and economic development as well. Although Libya boasts enormous oil wealth, such resources are not readily available to feed, educate, and employ its citizens, and international technical assistance will be needed in the interim.
While Iran and Syria might appear to be more immediate concerns for the United States, getting it wrong in Libya would have equally disastrous consequences for US and allies' long-term interests. More importantly, there is still a chance to get it right. Though US and European influence may be weaker than years past, Libya is a place where robust engagement with the requisite resources could actually make a difference. With US attention elsewhere, Libya might be a critical test of Europe's ability to continue taking the lead.
Danya Greenfield is the acting director of the Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council.
US Secretary of State John Kerry shakes hands with Libyan Prime Minister Ali Zidan during the Rome Ministerial Conference on Libya in Rome, Italy on March 6, 2014. (Photo: US State Department)


This is a guest post by Jesse Galloway and Ted Okpe of Amkor Technology. Article reprinted from May 2014 Electronics Cooling magazine.
One of the more challenging thermal resistance measurements to make for electronic packages is the junction-to-case resistance called Theta jc. The equation for Theta jc, equation (1), is straightforward. However, the difficulty lies in making an accurate case temperature, Tc, without affecting the junction temperature, Tj, and the flow of heat, Pth, into the cold plate.
For uniform power distribution, Theta jc is calculated by taking the difference between the junction and the case temperature, all measured at the center of the package, divided by the power flowing into the cold plate. In reality, the case temperature cannot be measured without disturbing the heat flow once a sensor is inserted between the case and the cold plate as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Theoretical method for measuring Theta jc.
This shortcoming may be resolved for packages that have a predominate heat flow path. For example, heat flows at least 90% from the die to the copper slug in an exposed pad thin quad flat pack (eTQFP) package. A transient method was proposed by  as a means for measuring Theta jc without having to measure the case temperature. A JEDEC standard, JESD51-14 , summarizes the method for measuring Theta jc using a transient method. For packages such as a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) and flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) packages, heat flow is multidirectional. Hence a direct application of the transient standard  may not be appropriate.
The JEDEC JC-15 thermal standards committee has devoted a considerable amount of time discussing ways to overcome difficulties in making steady-state Theta jc measurements. At this time it has not reached a consensus for writing a standard. The purpose of this study was not to propose a steady-state Theta jc standard but to document how the design of the cold plate and case temperature sensor affects Theta jc measurements and to make general recommendations on the benefits of one method compare to another.
Experimental measurements were made using a 23mm x 23mm body plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package. Four different samples were tested, P1, P2, P3 and P4. A 40mm flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package was also tested using four different samples, F2, F3, F4 and F5. A summary of the package dimensions are given in Table 1. Both packages were fabricated using thermal die equipped with heaters. A uniform power distribution was applied to the active surface of the die. Each die had a temperature sensor located at its center. The PBGA package had a mold cap thickness of 1.17mm with a die thickness of 0.3mm. The FCBGA package was constructed using a single piece copper lid with a 1.0mm thickness. Approximately 100W was applied to the FCBGA while approximately 8W was applied to the PBGA package. The measured Theta jc differed by as much as 300% depending on which method was used to measure the case temperature.
Four different cold plate designs were developed to measure Theta jc. In all cases, the same water cooled cold plate design was used to remove heat from the devices under test. The first design used a spring loaded thermocouple (36 gauge type K) positioned normal to the surface of the package inserted directly through the cold plate in between cooling channels. A spring was used to create a compressive force driving the thermocouple bead against the case surface with a force of approximately 1.5N. The second design used an embedded thermocouple (36 gauge type K) mounted parallel to the surface of the package inside a 5mm thick copper reference plate. This reference plate made contact to the same cold plate design that was used for the contact thermocouple test.
A 1.5mm hole was drilled in the center of the reference plate, filled with silver epoxy, the thermocouple was inserted to the end of the hole and the epoxy was cured. The third design glued the thermocouple bead to the case surface at its center using silver filled epoxy. A 1.5mm wide x 1.0mm deep groove was machined into the surface of the 5mm copper reference plate to provide an escape path for the thermocouple leads. Again the same cold plate was used to remove heat from the device under test. The fourth design used a fine focus infrared camera having a spot size of 1mm. The cold plate was modified to create a cone-shaped optical access port to view the surface. A 2.0 mm hole was exposed at the cold plate surface and extends backward at a 35 degree cone angle. For all methods, the thermocouples and IR camera were calibrated against a known standard over a temperature range from 30C to 50C. Each method had relative merits and drawbacks as outlined in Table 1.
The temperature rise between the die and the case were plotted in Figure 2(a) for the FCBGA packages and Figure 2(b) for the PBGA packages. The contact and optical methods had a similar temperature junction-to-case temperature difference. In comparison, the glued and the embedded thermocouple junction-to-case temperature differences were larger. Epoxy covered the glued thermocouple bead with an effective bead diameter of approximately 0.4mm. It senses not only the case temperature but also the TIM II temperature. There was more part-to-part variation in temperature difference for the glued thermocouple method compared to other methods. The embedded thermocouple is isolated from the case by a TIM II layer. As a consequence, the glued thermocouple and the embedded thermocouple measured case temperatures will be lower than the actual case temperature.
Figure 2. a) Temperature difference between the junction and case for FCBGA packages F2, F3, F4 and F and (b) for PBGA packages P1, P2, P3, and P4.
The optical cold plate design, with a larger hole in the center, affects the conduction flow path to a greater extent compared to the other cold plate designs. Heat flowing from the die to the case center location must spread laterally. For the PBGA package, the case temperature is artificially raised as a consequence since heat does not spread as efficiently through the lower conductivity mold compound (k ~ 1.0W/m/k). The corresponding junction-to-case temperature difference was smaller for the PBGA package tested using the optical cold plate. The glued and the contact thermocouple gave similar temperature differences. At the smaller power level applied to the PBGA packages, the temperature gradient through the TIM II layer was smaller hence the glued thermocouple error was also smaller. Just as was observed for the FCBGA package, the embedded thermocouple design gave the highest temperature difference for the PBGA package due to the extra TIM II layer separating the sense location and the actual case surface.
Figure 3. a) Theta JC for FCBGA package as a function of package size and test method. b) Theta JC for PBGA package as a function of package size and test method.
Using temperature data reported in Figures 2a and 2b and power data, the measured Theta jc data were calculated using equation 1 and plotted in Figure 3. There was a considerable difference in the Theta jc data depending on which method was employed. The highest Theta jc values were recorded for the embedded TC method and the lowest with the optical method. The optical and contact methods gave similar results for the FCBGA package. The contact and the glued thermocouple gave similar results for the PBGA package.
Figure 4. a) Calibration standard. b) Calibration standard being used to test the contact thermocouple cold plate.
In order to determine which method provided the more accurate case temperature measurement, a calibration standard was developed to measure errors in reading the surface temperature. The calibration standard consisted of a calorimeter bar instrumented with five thermocouples, equally spaced at 2.5mm intervals along the center line of the bar, see Figures 4a and 4b. Note that two thermocouples are visible in Figure 4a. There are three more thermocouples mounted on the opposite side that are not visible in this picture. Two cartridge heaters supplied power to the base of the standard. The FCBGA case temperature standard was machined from oxygen free copper, thermal conductivity of 395W/m/k, to enable higher power testing. The PBGA case temperature standard was machined from hastelloy, a low thermal conductivity material (10W/m/k). It enabled greater temperature difference to be read at a lower power level that was used to test PBGA packages.
The case temperature was determined by extrapolating the temperature gradient to the upper surface. The linearity of temperature versus thermocouple position was quite good resulting in an R2 fit typically greater than 0.999. Each individual case temperature method was compared to the standard value using a setup shown in Figure 4b. The standard was tested following the same method that was used to test the PBGA and FCBGA packages. The case temperature error was calculated as the difference between the extrapolated surface temperature and the measured case temperature. The temperature error was plotted in Figure 5 as a function of the applied power. Greater corrections are required for the embedded thermocouple method compared to the other methods. The contact method required the least amount of correction.
Figure 5. Temperature error between calibration standard and case temperature measurement. a) High power package testing calibrated using a standard made from copper (thermal conductivity of approximately 395W/m/k). b) Lower power packages tested using a standard made from hastelloy (thermal conductivity of approximately 10W/m/k).
Generally speaking, methods that required large temperature corrections created greater uncertainty in the final Theta jc measurement. Therefore, both the embedded and the glued thermocouple methods should be avoided in measuring Theta jc. The embedded method was dependent on the TIM II thermal resistance. The glued thermocouple method was dependent on the type of epoxy used to glue it to the case and the skill of the technician in attaching it. Both the contact thermocouple method and the optical method require additional investigation to determine which method is preferable. The contact thermocouple method had several advantages including the instrumentation were lower cost and were more readily available. It also did not require a larger hole in the center of the heat sink as was required for the optical method. The optical method had the advantage of providing a true case temperature measurement. Additional work is planned using finite element analysis to understand the interaction between the temperature sensor and the case surface including the effects of the cold plate design.
Theta jc data were dependent on the cold plate design and the temperature sensor used to measure the case temperature.
Theta jc data for PBGA and FCBGA packages may vary by more than 300% depending on the cold plate design and temperature sensor.
A calibration standard was presented as a means for determining which method provided the more accurate case temperature.
The optical and contact case temperature methods require less case temperature correction.
The optical and contact case methods should be explored further to understand which method provides the more reliable and accurate case temperature measurement with less impact on the heat flow from the package.
 D. Schweitzer, "Transient Dual Interface Measurement of the Rth-JC of Power Semiconductor Packages",ElectronicsCooling, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2010.
 JEDEC Standard JESD51-14, "Transient dual interface test method for the measurement of the thermal resistance junction-to-case of semiconductor devices with heat flow through single path", November 2010, http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/results/JESD51-14.


text:
Sam Acho is Married to Wife: Ngozi Ebichi. 3 Kids
Samuel Onyedikachi Acho, noticeably known as Sam Acho, is a previous player in Public Football Association, a creator, a games examiner, and the NFL Players Affiliation's VP. Notable groups, Chicago Bears and Arizona Cardinals, had Acho play for them like a linebacker.
Dallas, Texas, is where he was born. Sam was a predictable honor understudy during his secondary school a very long time at St. Mark's School of Texas, and it is likewise where he graduated.
He is named the most incredible in a 12-pound shot put, and nobody has outperformed him starting around 2018. He has kept on succeeding in the two games and scholastics during his tertiary days.
Sam Acho (@thesamacho)'in paylaştığı bir gönderi
He played football for the College of Texas as his auxiliary football vocation continuum. Is it true or not that you are interested about Sam Acho's significant other and kids? Keep perusing to figure out more.
Sam Acho wedded to spouse: Ngozi Ebichi Being one of the most mind-blowing players in the NFL, Sam's relationship status is constantly requested from him during interviews and such. Right now, Acho is hitched to his drawn out sweetheart. Sam Acho's significant other is a wonderful lady named Ngozo Ebichi Acho. The exquisite couple wedded in Walk 2014. The football player regularly goes to Nigeria to help the families with unfortunate everyday environments, and there is where he met his first love. Sam Acho's better half, Ngozi, has been related with Acho's family for quite a while in light of the fact that she was dealing with the creator's grandma, and she is likewise an individual from Sam's dad's service.
Sam Acho's better half is a lady of substance, and his significant other is thrilled to share how astonishing she is. He once referenced that they are both agreeable not utilizing cooling, however Sam experiencing childhood in the US, is rapidly awkward with the prickling heat.
While his significant other wouldn't fret since she has worked for the Nigerians for quite a while, and the intensity, there is excruciating for the people who are not accustomed to it.
Who is Ngozi Ebichi? The spouse of Sam Acho is initially from Africa and has some expertise in comic and novel composition. The comic books, Tweet Book and Stick and Scones, are her works, and she is notable for her delineations and stories. She was born and brought up in New York in an American-African family. She is a free lady supporting herself, her family, and her vocation in original composition.
Sam Acho's Children Sam Acho's significant other birthed three delightful youngsters, and they carry them all over the planet to see its magnificence. Insights regarding their children are not unveiled to people in general as they need them to live away from the spotlight. In any case, the relatives are normally seen venturing out around to better places.
Instagram Account.


SO I pay my money and it want's a license code which I enter but does not work. Why the F I have to enter a license code AFTER I have already paid and downloaded the game is beyond me. Please snd ma license code that works.
If you are still having trouble after reading through that post, email your serial number and webstore username to someone@pisd.co.uk along with a brief description of which step is going wrong and I will look into your account for you.
brtinla wrote: SO I pay my money and it want's a license code which I enter but does not work. Why the F I have to enter a license code AFTER I have already paid and downloaded the game is beyond me. Please snd ma license code that works.
When you entered your license code did you click TRY AGAIN button?


A friend left the Beeb recently. She had been in this madhouse for thirty-six years ― a lifetime, because each year at the Beeb ages you two years in the outside world. Like the American trucker who drove around with only one side of his face in the sun.
In the old days, when the place had the whole job-for-life thing going (now gone completely), you would have a staff pass and an ID number.
Mine, for example, is 272628A. Even if I plunge into Alzheimers in old age and forget who I am, forget who my kids are, forget where I keep my shoes and which end of the house the garden is, I will still know that number.
When my friend left (her name was Sue), we had a party where we showed her all the staff photos in her file. Again, sign of a changing Beeb: they might take one every fifteen years now. But Sue had eighteen! They showed her working life from start to finish.
Okay. So some of mine are above.
The top left one was interesting. I was on the Today programme as a reporter. It was taken between two items, I recall: I had come back from a trip to Russia, and was being sent down to Dorset to do a report about sheep racing. Serious, then light. I remember thinking that summed up the reporter's life: range.
Then I became a presenter. Although initially, not a very good one.
Loads of other pics followed. Take a look below and I will let you guess which smiles were genuine, and which were "I can't do this for much longer because I remembered it's my wedding anniversary and I promised to cook" smiles.
Suffice to say that after more than a quarter of a century at the Beeb, I was a little reluctant to go looking for too many more of these snaps. They carry a rather painful reminder of the passage of time.


A Radiometrics MP1516A Water Vapor Profiler now operates at CFARR; it was installed during August 2007. The instrument operates continuously and provides measurements of the zenith sky brightness temperature at 21 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz; this region of the microwave spectrum includes a water vapour absorption line. From these measurements the integrated water vapour and total liquid water at zenith are derived, together with the vertical profile of water vapour density.
Due to the complex nature of the relationship between brightness temperature measurements and the processed data products, some degree of uncertainty is inevitable.
Measurements by microwave radiometers are sensitive to external conditions, in particular to water on the radome of the instrument. Measurements made during such conditions suffer far greater uncertainties than those in dry conditions. It is recommended that data users use measurements from the CFARR rain gauges if they wish to know when rain occurred at the site.
The vertical water vapour profiles provide an indication of the content and distribution of water vapour with relatively low vertical resolution. Sharp changes in water vapour content or complex layer structures may not be detected.
The new Radiometrics instrument replaces radiometers at 22.2, 28.8 and 37.5 GHz which operated at the Chilbolton Observatory from 2003.
Accuracy of total liquid water path (LWP) retrieval: ~15% in non-precipitating conditions.
The data are collected into a single file in NetCDF format.
If data are used in any publication or report then acknowledgement must be given to the Radio Communications Research Unit at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for providing the data.


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text:
Celebrity News November 30, 2017
'Gomer Pyle' Star Jim Nabors Dead at 87
Nabors (upper L) with the "Return to Mayberry" cast in 1986
"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." star Jim Nabors has passed away at the age of 87.
Nabors' husband Stan Cadwallader confirmed to The Associated Press that he died at his Hawaii home. The cause of his death is still unknown.
Nabors had undergone a liver transplant in 1994.
Before getting his "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." spin-off, which ran from 1964-1969, Nabors had originated the lovable doofus on "The Andy Griffith Show" (1962-1964). His character's trademark was a drawled, "Goll-ly."
Nabors as Gomer Pyle in 1964
Nabors appeared on many other TV shows, including "The Steve Allen Show" (1961), and co-starred in three Burt Reynolds movies:"The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas" (1982), "Stroker Ace" (1983) and "Cannonball Run II" (1984).
Nabors also recorded more than 20 albums, four of them certified gold.
At the time of his final Indy 500 performance in 2014
Nabors traditionally sang "Back Home Again in Indiana" at the opening ceremony of the Indianapolis 500, something he did almost every year from 1972 to 2014. He said at the time of his last performance of the song, "I'll be honest with you — I didn't want to stay too long at the fair. Everyone has been so incredible to me so many years. The first time I was here was 1972, so I guess most people have grown up with me."
Four years before his passing, Nabors came out as gay and wed Cadwallader — whom he had met in 1975 — in a Seattle hotel room.
#TrendingStories#CelebrityNews#Remembered


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← What The Election Taught Me About Ed Reformers
Chicago is Everytown, USA →
Why We Need the "Public" in Public Education
Without undervaluing any other human agency, it may be safely affirmed that the Common School, improved and energized, as it can easily be, may become the most effective and benignant of all the forces of civilization. Two reasons sustain this position. In the first place, there is a universality in its operation, which can be affirmed of no other institution whatever. If administered in the spirit of justice and conciliation, all the rising generation may be brought within the circle of its reformatory and elevating influences. And, in the second place, the materials upon which it operates are so pliant and ductile as to be susceptible of assuming a greater variety of forms than any other earthly work of the Creator.
– Horace Mann, Twelfth Annual Report to the Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, 1848
It is perhaps difficult to remember, in 2016, that the original purposes of the American common school movement lay in ideals about the public good as well as goals for individual advancement. Since the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983, politicians and policy makers have emphasized accountability as the primary goal of school law with an increasing emphasis on accountability for individual student outcomes. Often supported by parents who saw the purpose of their children's education in the accumulation of credentials, accountability as a framework for school success gives special importance to whether or not schools boost students' seeking to improve their financial and social situations. School is doing its job, we are told, in those places where the enterprise of personal advancement works as anticipated, and school is a failure when too many students remain locked generation by generation in the same economic circumstances as their parents.
The appeal of this is understandable, but it is also perilous. David Labaree of Stanford University warned in 1997 that our concept of school's purpose was already significantly out of balance. Arguing that the rise of standards and accountability emphasized social efficiency goals for the labor force, Labaree also noted the significant rise of social mobility for individuals as a key goal for public education:
Instead, the main threat comes from the growing dominance of the social mobility goal over the others. Although this goal (in coalition with the democratic equality goal) has been a major factor in motivating a progressive politics of education over the years, the increasing hegemony of the mobility goal and its narrow consumer-based approach to education have led to the reconceptualization of education as a purely private good.
We are now, in the late 1990s, experiencing the sobering consequences of this ideological shift. We find credentialism triumphing over learning in our schools, with a commodified form of education winning an edge over useful substance. We find public schools under attack, not just because they are deemed ineffective but also because they are public. After all, if education is indeed a private good, then the next step (according to the influential right wing in today's educational politics) is to withdraw public control entirely and move toward a fully privatized system of education.
We are almost twenty years later and these forces have been driving education policy for most of that time. Accountability measures set up under No Child Left Behind demanded that schools show consistent progress in increasing students' standardized test scores, and the Obama administration's Race to the Top Program moved accountability down to the individual classroom level – with the expectation that teachers would oversee constant student growth absent any other considerations. Advocates of the Common Core State Standards wrapped themselves in the language of social efficiency by constantly emphasizing American competitiveness in the international economy and in the language of social mobility by claiming the standards would lead all students to become ready for "college and careers". Meanwhile, Common Core aligned testing systems have promised American parents that score reportscan inform them whether or not their individual children are "on track" for college and career readiness, and no less a figure than former Secretary of Education Arne Duncan declared that our educational goal should be to be "able to look every second grader in the eye and say, 'You're on track, you're going to be able to go to a good college, or you're not…'"
As Labaree noted, there is nothing wrong, per se, in the goals of social efficiency and social mobility. They have, in various instantiations, been significant forces in American public education and provided legitimate rationales for our national investment in universal, compulsory education. We have long called upon schools to provide the economy with workers prepared for the ages in which they lived, and our constant expansion of education's reach is at least partially premised on the belief that all children, regardless of circumstances, should have an equal chance to succeed in school and therefore achieve economically. In his Twelfth Annual Report to the Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, Horace Mann stated:
Education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men – the balance-wheel of the social machinery. I do not here mean that it so elevates the moral nature as to make men disdain and abhor the oppression of their fellow-men. This idea pertains to another of its attributes. But I mean that it gives each man the independence and the means, by which he can resist the selfishness of other men. It does better than to disarm the poor of their hostility towards the rich; it prevents being poor.
Mann embraced the power of education not merely to fairly distribute existing wealth, but also to create new wealth, adding both individuals and the nation itself. However, Mann's vision of the developing common school did not end with these purposes, and, as the opening quote demonstrates, he devoted great significance for the role of a public school system in promoting the very values necessary for the health and vitality of a democracy. The common school ideally welcomes all the children of a community, creating a truly shared space without regard to economic and social stratification, and Mann recognized that children could be greatly influenced at a very young age by their education. By educating those normally considered outcast by society – described in Mann's 19th century language "in teaching the blind, and the deaf and dumb, in kindling the latent spark of intelligence that lurks in an idiot's mind, and in the more holy work of reforming abandoned and outcast children" – society can save itself "against intemperance, avarice, war, slavery, bigotry, the woes of want and the wickedness of waste."
Further, Mann envisioned a strong role for education in preparing all citizens to both embrace and cherish their franchise:
If the responsibleness and value of the elective franchise were duly appreciated, the day of our State and National elections would be among the most solemn and religious days in the calendar. Men would approach them, not only with preparation and solicitude, but with the sobriety and solemnity, with which discreet and religious-minded men meet the great crises of life. No man would throw away his vote, through caprice or wantonness, any more than he would throw away his estate, or sell his family into bondage. No man would cast his vote through malice or revenge, any more than a good surgeon would amputate a limb, or a good navigator sail through perilous straits, under the same criminal passions.
The contrasts with preparing children for jobs and for individual advancement are obvious and critical. The "public" in public education refers to truly public purposes not merely to sources of funding, and those purposes are related to foundational aspirations of the American Republic. Public education must be pluralistic by welcoming the children of all community members within its reach. Public education must be equitable in assuring all children in attendance are provided with what they need to learn. Public education must support a healthy and vigorous democracy by educating all in our system of government and promoting our admiration of the voting franchise. It is absolutely and shamefully true that our public schools, like our society, have frequently failed these ideals. School and society enforced a legal apartheid system for generations, and when the legal edifices of segregation fell, people with means fled integration. Our system of school funding frequently betrays equity by leaving communities with low property values struggling to meet the needs of their students. However, it is also true that our schools have steadily grown more inclusive over time, mirroring the slow but usually consistent progress of our society.
Mann was keenly aware that the democratic mission of school could be perilous. After lengthy discussion of the keys problems that politics and political controversy could visit upon schools, leading to withdrawal of public support, Mann proposes a largely common sense position for schools in the civic curriculum:
Surely, between these extremes, there must be a medium not difficult to be found. And is not this the middle course, which all sensible and judicious men, all patriots, and all genuine republicans, must approve?–namely, that those articles in the creed of republicanism, which are accepted by all, believed in by all, and which form the common basis of our political faith, shall be taught to all. But when the teacher, in the course of his lessons or lectures on the fundamental law, arrives at a controverted text, he is either to read it without comment or remark; or, at most, he is only to say that the passage is the subject of disputation, and that the schoolroom is neither the tribunal to adjudicate, nor the forum to discuss it.
Mann's proposal is for a studied neutrality that should be familiar to many teachers of civics. In a modern classroom, teachers are frequently called upon to be moderators of contentious political topics rather than to be advocates, and by declining to take sides while ideally allowing open and full discussion, teachers can avoid exerting undue influence on matters of political conscience. This is certainly a sensible position given the role teachers must take upon being fair and politically inclusive, and it is not hard to understand that in most situations, it is necessary for teachers to approach politics with caution and neutrality.
Under most situations. But not under all situations.
There are times when situations in politics do not merely involve passionate partisan division, but actually call into question values such as pluralism, equity, and democracy that are essential for truly public education. There was no virtue, for example, for school and school leaders to treat Bull Connor as merely another citizen who held a passionate opinion. Connor's vicious racism and willingness to use violence to defend White Supremacy had a constituency, but no ethical validity. So while school leaders in his time may have risked some of the political chaos that Horace Mann feared, speaking and, yes, teaching against Connor would have been the correct stance in defense of the values that make education public.
We are witnessing something akin to Bull Connor play out in the nomination contest for the Presidency of the Republican Party. As hard as it is to imagine, the nomination for President of the United States is plausibly within reach of real estate developer Donald Trump who has run a campaign based upon plans to mass deport over 11 million people within two year, unleashing havoc upon the entire country and likely requiring a network of concentration camps to hold people being "processed," a blanket ban upon over a billion people in the world from entering the country based on their religion, promises that he can force a sovereign nation to pay us billions of dollars to build a wall on their border, promises to make torture legal, has promised to order the military to commit war crimes, relishes the idea of setting off a global trade war, doesn't possess even a casual relationship with truth, happily repeats racist mythology about African Americans and crime and about Muslims and September 11, is a lifelong misogynist, finds it unusually difficult to turn down the support of avowed White Supremacists, at a minimum flirts with fascist imagery and ideas, is obsessed with "strong leaders" even when they are autocratic thugs, and, temporarily, turned the Presidential race into a conversation about this size of his penis.
If it is possible to be worse than the candidate's avowed policies, many among his supporters come close. While all of Donald Trump's supporters are not racists, some of the worst racists in the country have identified his positions and rhetoric as their own. Consider white supremacist Matthew Heimbach, who was caught on camera in early march violently pushing and shoving an African American woman as she was ejected from a Trump rally in Louisville, Kentucky. In fact, Trump supporters have a history of violently reacting the presence of protestors, even ones being entirely peaceful. Despite his weak denials, the candidate has long encouraged and incited violence, expressing his desire to beat protestors and his promises to pay legal bills for supporters who engage in violence. And just to make things even better, a group of Trump's supporters have started organizing themselves to "expose" "plots" to disrupt campaign events and to use social media to encourage rally attendees to identify specific people at Mr. Trump's rallies. Because in the past century, devotees of strongman ideology organizing to intimidate others has never gone horribly wrong.
While American politics possesses many backwaters that are, at a minimum, distressing, this campaign goes well beyond them in its reach if not in its ugliness. If Donald Trump wins the nomination of the Republican Party, then one of our two historic great parties will have endorsed a platform of exclusion and violence that has energized and emboldened some of the very worst people in our nation. Consider the implications: a political party that issued the Emancipation Proclamation under Abraham Lincoln, that forcibly integrated public schools over the violent objections of White Supremacists under Dwight Eisenhower, and that expanded educational opportunity to children with disabilities under Gerald Ford will put up for President a man whose major policy proposals center on narrowing America. At its core, the Trump campaign is against pluralism and inclusion – and it is willing to employ violent rhetoric that stirs up actual violence in its pursuit.
This is far beyond mere partisan politics, for it threatens the very values that make public education possible. There is no "public" in public education if we do not, even with our manifest flaws, strive towards greater pluralism and greater equity within those schools, and how can we strive towards those goals if our electorate rejects them for the highest office in the land – and tacitly endorses Trump's racism, sexism, nativism, and affection for strongman rhetoric and violence? The normal political season role for schools and for teachers is to arbitrate among competing ideals for the future of our democracy, but a normal political season does not typically feature a campaign that actually threatens the core values needed to have a democracy. Schools and, especially, school leaders cannot be on the sidelines under circumstances where vast portions of the public are actually threatened. Truly public education cannot be silent this time.
Filed under Activism, Drumpf, Media, politics, racism, Social Justice
Tagged as Activism, bias, reporting
4 responses to "Why We Need the "Public" in Public Education"
Reblogged this on David R. Taylor-Thoughts on Education.
ciedie aech
You very clearly expose our nation's tacit support of segregation as well.
suzanne Dorsett
EXCELLENT PIECE!!!!!and still applies today in 2016
Pingback: Kansas Has Had Just About Enough of This Public Education Nonsense | Daniel Katz, Ph.D.


A select few schools in the Tampa Bay area could benefit from a three-million dollar grant that will help expand access to Computer Science education.
Any middle school in the Bay area can apply for a grant to help start computer science courses through Project Lead The Way (PLTW).
PLTW has been excelling at Stewart Middle School in Tampa where students have hands on access to fields in technology.
The students can take courses in robotics, engineering, biomedical science, and other technological courses.
Verizon is expanding their partnership with PLTW that will give students in more than 150 middles schools across the U.S. access to computer courses for the first time.
"The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates more than 1.3 million open positions in computer-and-math related fields by 2022," said President Dr. Vince Bertram, he adds that there are too few of schools that offer the education. "In partnership with Verizon, we can make an impact on the number of students who have access to high-quality computer science education and will be prepared for these growing careers."
Since 2014, the partnership has resulted in more than 240 schools across 36 states offering the computer science curriculum.
"We are living in a thriving digital economy that will continue to grow, and many jobs of the future will be rooted in science, technology, engineering and math," says Justina Nixon-Saintil, education director for the Verizon Foundation.
As a result of the partnership, students have developed more than 77,000 apps to solve real-world problems.
Fast-forward about a decade later and students can see into the business of the computer science world through Greg Ross-Munro, CEO of Sourcetoad.
The company is a custom app development that can create apps through coding on various platforms.
The Tampa business owner has clients to create software for big and small companies like FDOT, Honeywell, and The Salvation Army.
Ross-Munro, said the tools that kids are learning in the classroom will give students the right mind-set to adapt to the changing technological field.
He tells us he's been coding since the age of 8, after his grandfather taught him.
"Whatever the future holds is going to be something that they are going to be much more prepared than even I am."
For more information on PLTW curriculums near you, click here.


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Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data
by Vipul Goyal, Amit Sahai, Omkant Pandey, Brent Waters - In Proc. of ACMCCS'06 , 2006
"... As more sensitive data is shared and stored by third-party sites on the Internet, there will be a need to encrypt data stored at these sites. One drawback of encrypting data, is that it can be selectively shared only at a coarse-grained level (i.e., giving another party your private key). We develop ..."
As more sensitive data is shared and stored by third-party sites on the Internet, there will be a need to encrypt data stored at these sites. One drawback of encrypting data, is that it can be selectively shared only at a coarse-grained level (i.e., giving another party your private key). We
Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices
by Craig Gentry - In Proc. STOC , 2009
"... We propose a fully homomorphic encryption scheme – i.e., a scheme that allows one to evaluate circuits over encrypted data without being able to decrypt. Our solution comes in three steps. First, we provide a general result – that, to construct an encryption scheme that permits evaluation of arbitra ..."
We propose a fully homomorphic encryption scheme – i.e., a scheme that allows one to evaluate circuits over encrypted data without being able to decrypt. Our solution comes in three steps. First, we provide a general result – that, to construct an encryption scheme that permits evaluation
How to leak a secret
by Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, Yael Tauman - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF CRYPTOLOGY AND INFORMATION SECURITY: ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY , 2001
"... In this paper we formalize the notion of a ring signature, which makes it possible to specify a set of possible signers without revealing which member actually produced the signature. Unlike group signatures, ring signatures have no group managers, no setup procedures, no revocation procedures, and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2580 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
email in a way which can only be verified by its intended recipient, and to solve other problems in multiparty computations. The main contribution of this paper is a new construction of such signatures which is unconditionally signer-ambiguous, provably secure in the random oracle model
Fuzzy identity-based encryption
by Amit Sahai, Brent Waters - In EUROCRYPT , 2005
"... We introduce a new type of Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) scheme that we call Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption. In Fuzzy IBE we view an identity as set of descriptive attributes. A Fuzzy IBE scheme allows for a private key for an identity, ω, to decrypt a ciphertext encrypted with an identity, ω ′ , ..."
identities, which inherently will have some noise each time they are sampled. Additionally, we show that Fuzzy-IBE can be used for a type of application that we term "attribute-based encryption". In this paper we present two constructions of Fuzzy IBE schemes. Our constructions can be viewed as an Identity
Real-Time Computing Without Stable States: A New Framework for Neural Computation Based on Perturbations
by Wolfgang Maass, Thomas Natschläger, Henry Markram
"... A key challenge for neural modeling is to explain how a continuous stream of multi-modal input from a rapidly changing environment can be processed by stereotypical recurrent circuits of integrate-and-fire neurons in real-time. We propose a new computational model for real-time computing on time-var ..."
-varying input that provides an alternative to paradigms based on Turing machines or attractor neural networks. It does not require a task-dependent construction of neural circuits. Instead it is based on principles of high dimensional dynamical systems in combination with statistical learning theory, and can
A hard-core predicate for all one-way functions
by Oded Goldreich, Leonid A. Levint - In Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing , 1989
"... Abstract rity of f. In fact, for inputs (to f*) of practical size, the pieces effected by f are so small A central tool in constructing pseudorandom that f can be inverted (and the "hard-core" generators, secure encryption functions, and bit computed) by exhaustive search. in other areas are "hard-c ..."
Abstract rity of f. In fact, for inputs (to f*) of practical size, the pieces effected by f are so small A central tool in constructing pseudorandom that f can be inverted (and the "hard-core" generators, secure encryption functions, and bit computed) by exhaustive search. in other areas are "hard
Flocking for Multi-Agent Dynamic Systems: Algorithms and Theory
by Reza Olfati-Saber , 2006
"... In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for design and analysis of distributed flocking algorithms. Two cases of flocking in free-space and presence of multiple obstacles are considered. We present three flocking algorithms: two for free-flocking and one for constrained flocking. A compre ..."
comprehensive analysis of the first two algorithms is provided. We demonstrate the first algorithm embodies all three rules of Reynolds. This is a formal approach to extraction of interaction rules that lead to the emergence of collective behavior. We show that the first algorithm generically leads to regular
Efficient identity-based encryption without random oracles
by Brent Waters , 2005
"... We present the first efficient Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) scheme that is fully secure without random oracles. We first present our IBE construction and reduce the security of our scheme to the decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) problem. Additionally, we show that our techniques can be use ..."
We present the first efficient Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) scheme that is fully secure without random oracles. We first present our IBE construction and reduce the security of our scheme to the decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) problem. Additionally, we show that our techniques can
Aggregate and Verifiably Encrypted Signatures from Bilinear Maps
by Dan Boneh, Craig Gentry, Ben Lynn, Hovav Shacham , 2002
"... An aggregate signature scheme is a digital signature that supports aggregation: Given n signatures on n distinct messages from n distinct users, it is possible to aggregate all these signatures into a single short signature. This single signature (and the n original messages) will convince the verif ..."
construct an efficient aggregate signature from a recent short signature scheme based on bilinear maps due to Boneh, Lynn, and Shacham. Aggregate signatures are useful for reducing the size of certificate chains (by aggregating all signatures in the chain) and for reducing message size in secure routing
Editorial: Three types of interaction
by Michael G. Moore - The American Journal of Distance Education , 1992
"... Many of the greatest problems of communicating about concepts, and, therefore, practice in distance education arise from our use of crude hypothetical constructs-terms like distance, independence, and interaction, which are used in very imprecise and general ways, each having acquired a multiplicity ..."
Many of the greatest problems of communicating about concepts, and, therefore, practice in distance education arise from our use of crude hypothetical constructs-terms like distance, independence, and interaction, which are used in very imprecise and general ways, each having acquired a


text:
Maine municipalities review police funding, tackle systemic racism after protests
Calls to defund police draw various responses from city and town officials across the state.
By Kelley BouchardStaff Writer
City and town officials across Maine are reviewing police budgets and taking a closer look at municipal policies and practices after recent killings of Black people by police have drawn widespread protests against systemic racism.
South Portland joined major cities across the nation in responding to "defund" police demands, taking $25,000 from a proposed $5.2 million police budget to create a human rights commission to root out racism and other forms of bias in city departments.
Portland, Westbrook and Biddeford officials also have begun reviewing municipal funding, policies and practices to address racism and other potential biases; and the Maine Municipal Association and the Greater Portland Council of Governments are offering diversity-related webinars in response to concerns in other communities.
South Portland's last-minute funding transfer, though largely symbolic in a $112 million overall budget, was the council's unanimous answer to local protests that followed George Floyd's shocking death in Minneapolis. Councilors said the creation of a human rights commission is a promise to do much more in the future.
"It doesn't mean we want to dismantle our police," Councilor Deqa Dhalac said before last Tuesday's budget vote. "We want to work (with) our police. We have to work with each and every department in our city in order for us to reach the goal that we want to reach."
Deqa Dhalac Derek Davis/Staff Photographer Buy this Photo
Dhalac, who is the first African American and Muslim on the council, proposed the commission. She said she appreciates the seed money transferred from the police budget and the support offered by Police Chief Tim Sheehan.
"But also we need to know and realize the South Portland Police Department racially profiles," said Dhalac, who is from Somalia. "The police department are great folks. But we want them to do better. So when a person like me sees a police officer behind me, I shouldn't be afraid."
A report from Sheehan and City Manager Scott Morelli shows that while Black people make up 3.8 percent of South Portland's 25,500 residents, they accounted for 16.1 percent of adult arrests and summonses by city police in 2019. Across the United States, Black Americans accounted for 27 percent of all people arrested in 2018, but represented only about 13 percent of the population, according to FBI crime data.
In neighboring Portland, where Black people made up 7 to 8 percent of the city's population from 2016 through 2019, they represented nearly 17 percent of arrests last year. Previous years showed even greater disparities, with arrest rates as high as 21 to 23 percent.
On Monday evening, the Portland City Council is scheduled to resume its discussion of how to address racial disparities in Maine's largest city, with more than 66,000 people, and respond to widespread calls for reform.
Pious Ali Ben McCanna/Staff Photographer
Portland officials have received 1,500 to 2,500 emails on the subject of defunding the police department, said Councilor Pious Ali, who is from Ghana and was the first African-born Muslim to be elected to public office in Maine.
"People are responding to where we are as a country emotionally and thoughtfully," Ali said. "I've heard people loud and clear. They want change, but the Council cannot do it alone."
Ali said the council must engage the community in developing a plan to address what's happening nationally and locally, including several protest marches held in Portland in recent weeks that highlighted what he called "deeply embedded systemic racism."
"We have to look at our budget, but we cannot just take money away from the police," Ali said. "I'm interested in looking at what has worked elsewhere and not making the same mistakes. I have no prescription for change yet, but whatever we do, it will have to address systemic racism."
The Westbrook City Council is scheduled to hold a workshop July 27 to discuss police department policies and practices, and much more, said Councilor Claude Rwaganje, who is Congolese and the first African American on the council.
Claude Rwaganje Ben McCanna/Staff Photographer
"We are hearing from constituents," Rwaganje said. "We are going to review the policies of police and how they do actions. We will receive and review the data (on police interactions by race) and see what makes sense to address the disparities that exist."
Rwaganje said the council has yet to discuss any impact on police funding, but it could decide to reallocate money from one department to another "at any time."
Beyond policing, Rwaganje said, racial disparities also exist in housing, education and health care, noting that Black Mainers are suffering disproportionately from COVID-19.
Maine has the nation's largest racial gap among COVID-19 cases, with Black or African American residents accounting for 27 percent of the cases where the race of the individual is known, despite representing just 1.4 percent of the state's 1.3 million people. That figure rises to 33 percent – or nearly 900 of Maine's 2,710 cases – among all cases involving Black, Indigenous, Hispanic and other people of color.
"People are just looking at the police now, but it's the whole system," Rwaganje said. "It's not just criminal justice reform that's needed. It's social and economic justice, too."
In Biddeford, City Manager Jim Bennett is reviewing diversity-related policies, practices and statistics for evidence of racial disparity or implicit bias in all municipal departments, including police and human resources. He plans to present recommendations for action to the mayor and city council.
"We need to understand more about how people of color and other minorities feel about the way services are provided by the city and how we can do a better job," Bennett said. "We want to do things that are tangible and make a difference."
Bennett noted that Biddeford's police department is one of only four in Maine – along with Auburn, Lewiston and South Portland – that are nationally accredited after adopting best practices that include a ban on choke holds and require training for deescalation during arrests.
Biddeford's racial disparity in arrests is lower than Portland's and South Portland's, but it still exists. While 2.7 percent of the city's 21,500 residents are Black or African American, they accounted for 5.2 to 7.5 percent of arrests over the last five years.
Bennett said the city's response could include hiring a consultant to assist in a deeper examination and expanded training on implicit bias and inclusion – an effort he led as former president of the International City and County Managers Association – and steps to increase diversity hiring in all departments.
In response to inquiries from city and town officials around the state, the Maine Municipal Association will host a live webinar Monday on cultural competency, diversity and implicit bias.
The one-hour course will help participants understand the cultural impacts of how we interact with others. It also will explain how to achieve and the benefits of a culturally competent workforce. Additional webinars will follow.
To help municipal officials in southern Maine address bias issues, the Greater Portland Council of Governments will host a summer series of webinars on racial equity with national-level presenters and local experts.
The webinars will address policy areas where city and town governments play a significant role, including land use, housing, transportation, education, social services and policing. The first webinar on July 8 will cover racial equity and systemic racism.
In South Portland, some residents wanted the council to do a lot more than fund a human rights commission before finalizing the city budget that goes into effect July 1.
Some thanked City Manager Scott Morelli for dedicating $5,000 of his merit raise to the human rights commission, bringing the total seed money to $30,000. Others still had questions about other police budget items, including handguns, Tasers and overtime pay.
"I appreciate that we're asking you to work even harder at the end of your budget (preparation) period," Sascha Braunig told the council during its Zoom meeting last Tuesday. "How can you say this is not the right time for more change?"
Bri Bowman urged councilors not to let procedure keep them from doing more. "The time for action is now," she said.
Councilors heard the urgency but defended their measured approach.
Mayor Kate Lewis said residents have a right to ask tough questions about police spending, but she's also hearing from people who work with victims of domestic violence. They fear that random cuts to the police budget could endanger women, children and other vulnerable populations.
"Please don't fault us for not hastily starting to dismantle the police department in the matter of a week or two just to say that we did it," said Councilor April Caricchio.
"We took some action to say, 'We hear you.' " Caricchio said. "Now, let's work together as a community and make real, lasting, responsible change over the next year."
CORRECTION: This story was updated at 4:10 p.m. on June 29, 2020, to correct the scheduled date of the Westbrook City Council's workshop.
Rainy weather will help to break dry spell, forecasters say
Saco ecology school creates green campus at River Bend Farm
Black Lives Matter, police, portland maine, racism, south portland maine, westbrook maine


Originally called the Massachusetts Italian Bar Association, the Justinian Law Society of Massachusetts was established in 1943. The Justinian Law Society began as a social group, allowing for Italian-American lawyers in Massachusetts to network and socialize with one another. However, the Justinian Law Society has since expanded to include judges and law students in addition to attorneys, and the purpose has also expanded beyond social development to include professional development as well.
The Justinian Law Society hosts several events throughout the year. Some of these events are educational, such as lectures featuring both panels and individual speakers. Other events are more of a social nature and include clambakes and bocce ball outings.


text:
November 28, 2021 November 28, 2021 amyhchiang
The Achievements in Inner Realization Vidya by H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III
H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III is the true incarnation of the primordial Buddha. Buddha's Inner Realization Vidya is unbounded and infinite, which is Buddha's natural realization capacity. Such an immense realization capacity can only be understood by the Buddhas of ten directions. We ordinary people cannot really know much about it, except that we can see that it is as deep, profound, immense, and infinite as the universe when looking at the holy miracles that are practically demonstrated by the Buddha. Sakyamuni Buddha has once revealed the treasured imperial palace on the tip of a hair, or so we are told when reading the Buddhist sutras. What a scene that must have been! We can only yearn for it, but we cannot see it in person. However, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, with His great compassion for all living beings, manifests innumerable holy miracles of wonderful state in the present time. All of us Buddhist practitioners who have the karmic affinity and a pious heart can have the fortune to witness them and therefore know the greatness and truthfulness of Buddha Dharma!
What is listed below are only some real examples. They are all the true Buddhist holy miracles that H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III has manifest. Many Buddhist disciples have witnessed them in person and sworn. From these examples, one can clearly know that the realization capacity of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III is that of a Buddha. No one else in the entire Saha World can reach His level!
Buddhas bestowing Amrites instance I: On the Buddha's Birthday in 2001, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III (known as Great Dharma King Yange Yishi Norbu at that time) held three Dharma assemblies and invited Limitless Life Buddha (Amitayus Buddha, 長壽佛) and Jewel-Born Buddha of South (Ratnasambhava Buddha, 南方寶生佛) to separately bestowed Amrites inside the dharma bowl, which were wondrous and miraculous beyond compare. The Amrites and shariras quickly piled up and, within 20 seconds, formed a two-foot-tall dharma pillar that is large on the top and small on the bottom. Over 200 Buddha's Shariras of many colors flew around with the Amrites in the air and fell on the dharma pillar. The venerable elder monk Wuming, Losang Zhenzhu Rinpoche, Shi Longhui, the venerable elder monk Yizhao, and several hundred Buddhist disciples were present to witness it.
Buddhas bestowing Amrites instance II: On an auspicious day in the early twenty-first century, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III administered a Dharma Assembly in Los Angeles, USA. Buddhist disciple Shi Longhui personally washed clean a purple-gold copper bowl and put a cover on it. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III then practiced the Dharma. After a while, several streaks of red light shone from the sky and shot into the bowl. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III announced at that time that Amitabha Buddha had arrived in person. People immediately went outdoors and saw Amitabha Buddha walking in steps on lotus flowers in the air. When the Dharma Bowl's cover was removed, the inside that had been washed clean and empty was now filled with true Amrites that were bestowed by the Buddha. The Amrites were bouncing in the bowl, and there was an exotic fragrance that filled the air. It is definitely not something from this world. At that time, over one hundred colorful shariras fell from the sky. That Dharma Assembly was videotaped for evidence.
The Great Dharma to Restore Youth: On October 18, 2012, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III manifests himself in a depleted old man's look after having been practicing a Dharma to shoulder the sinful karma for living beings for three months. But in order not to make Buddhist disciples lose their determination to cultivate themselves should they see it, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III reluctantly returned to youth in front of the public within ten minutes. His wrinkles completely disappeared, and His skin became smooth and shiny as if He had undergone a complete change of physical body. He turned into a young person who was handsome, majestic, and youthful. A lot of people witnessed this incredibly great Dharma in person and swore to it.
Knowing In Advance and Foretelling: It was a bright, sunny day at Hotel Temozon Sur in Merida, Mexico on May 19, 2014. There was not a single bird by the water pond in the hotel. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III foretold that there would be many, many little birds gathering on the pond to dance in a few minutes, and it would start raining very hard at the same time, but the rain would not drive the birds away. Two minutes later, sure enough, many birds gathered on the water to dance, and a big rain ensued. The birds continued to dance on the water in spite of the rain. All the people who were present saw it with their own eyes and swore to it. The entire event was also videotaped for evidence.
The Holy Selection of One Hundred Bright Dharma Gates in Complete Dark (百法明門黑關擇決): On a certain auspicious day in 2013, an anonymous Tremendously Holy Guru, who is a disciple of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III's but would not be revealed, was invited to administer a Holy Selection of One Hundred Bright Dharma Gates in Complete Dark for Zhenda Ruzun. The high-level Great Dharma of Holy Selection in Complete Dark to make the determination for the dharma master is superior to the Dharma of Inquiry by Flying the Paper Pieces (飛籤問訊), Holy Selection by way of Marnyi Stones (瑪尼石擇決), or Holy Selection by Vajra (金剛擇決). That Dharma Assembly determined the status of Zhenda Ruzun. In the Dharma Assembly, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III also performed the Dharma of Knowing in Advance and Foretelling for that anonymous Tremendously Holy Guru. He precisely and without an error foretold three times. Several hundred people witnessed that holy feat at the scene.
The Dharma of Holy Fire Offering: On September 19, 2018, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III administered the great Dharma Assembly of the Holy Fire Offering at the Holy Miracles Temple in Los Angeles, USA. The Vajra Maternity Buddha (金剛佛母) arrived in person and lit the fire from the space. The flame in the caldron was raging in a split second. Many people witnessed it.
The Dharma Assembly of Terma with Instant Verification (現量伏藏法會): In early 2019, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III presided over the Dharma Assembly of Terma with Instant Verification at the Holy Miracles Temple in Los Angeles, USA, in which an anonymous Yuzun, who is a disciple of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III's and would not reveal Herself, performed the Dharma. There was one holy item, known as the Terma, among ten identically-looking items, which were wrapped with identical material in exactly the same way and covered by ten identical bowls separately. The Yuzun pointed out the Terma from the ten identical bowls precisely without an error several times consecutively. That Dharma Assembly was attended by a few hundred people who witnessed it with their own eyes.
At the Holy Miracles Temple of Los Angeles, USA, on February 9, 2020, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III demonstrated His supreme physical strengths by lifting a 434.8-pound Vajra Pestle with only one hand in public. He lifted the pestle in the air for 13 seconds before placing it back down on the platform, surpassing the top strong man of the world by 59 levels! A Vajra King of Great Strength who lifts a pestle onto the platform using one hand can pass the standard by up to 30 levels and that would be considered the very top. That is, no matter what kind of a king of strong man, a Tremendously Holy Guru, an Equal Enlightenment Bodhisattva or a Marvelous Enlightenment Bodhisattva one maybe, one's top limit is surpassing the standard by 30 levels. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, on the other hand, could lift the Vajra Pestle with a weight of 434.8 pounds, which was 59 levels over the standard, with only one hand for 13 seconds. He was truly the unprecedented Vajra King of Super Strength in this world. The Holy Virtuous Ones say that the record made by H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III is unprecedented, they also can foretell that it will never be repeated by anyone in the future because it is the innate quality of a Buddha.
H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III has infinite great kindness and compassion. To benefit living beings, He also presided over uncountable holy great Dharma assemblies, in addition to the ones mentioned above. Every time when He held a holy Dharma assembly, the corresponding Dharma purpose of the Dharma assembly was always fulfilled perfectly, and Dakinis, Dharma-guarding Deities, Yidam(s), Great Bodhisattvas and/or Buddha(s) always arrived at the scene in person and manifest corresponding holy miracles to show the greatness of Buddha Dharma. These Dharma Assemblies include the Holy Dharma Assembly to Bath the Buddha (勝義浴佛法會), the Dharma Assembly to test on Establishing Mandala Over a Stone Slab (隔石建壇考試法會), the Dharma Assembly of Celebrating the East-Bound Trip of Imparting Dharma (東行說法慶典法會), the Dharma Assembly of Initiation with Bodhi Vajra Seed (菩提金剛種子灌頂法會), the Dharma Assembly of Testing on the Holy and Virtuous Ones(考聖德法會), the Dharma Assembly of State-Practice Initiation of the Horse Stable Terma (境行馬鵬伏藏灌頂法會), the Dharma Assembly of Making the Holy Daba Buqiong Pills (煉制打靶不窮丸法會), the Dharma Assembly of Making the Kadra Ande Pills (煉制卡卓安得丸法會), the Dharma Assembly of Holy Selection of Affinity by Knowing in Advance and Foretelling (先知預言擇緣法會), and so on and on. How could these Dharma Assemblies be successful, if it wasn't for the realization capacity from a Buddha?
Reference : https://www.wbahq.org/portfolio/inner-realization/
Link:https://dharmafromhhdorjechangbuddhaiii.org/2021/11/28/the-achievements-in-inner-realization-vidya-by-h-h-dorje-chang-buddha-iii-2/
#HHDorjeChangBuddhaIII #DorjeChangBuddhaIII #DorjeChangBuddha
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Everyone loves steampunk, right? Tried my hand at making my own style of it. Steampunk Experiment is a collection of cogs and gears surrounding a lock topped with a guardian fairy. Comes with a free-swinging key attached by wire so that you can lock your own secrets behind fairy doors.
Painted onto a 5x7in / 12.7x17.7cm fine weave pre-primed cotton canvas on board, by Mea'eshana PhoenixFire in her own unique style using acrylic paints, cardboard, lace, metallic paints, sequins, and featuring a bronze fairy charm sitting guard upon the lock. The whole canvas is sealed with a matte topcoat to keep it in perfect condition. All glow in the dark paint is best seen under the effect of UV lights.