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Home /Blogs /taoyue's blog /Book Review: Infantry Attacks!
Book Review: Infantry Attacks!
Submitted by taoyue on Thu, 10/29/2009 - 13:00
Infantry Attacks
by Erwin Rommel
Published in German in 1937.
English translation as "Attacks!": Athena Press, 1979.
Later editions are retitled "Infantry Attacks!"
"Rommel, you magnificent bastard, I read your book!"
-- George S. Patton (in the movie )
Well, not quite. The movie shows General Patton reading Field Marshal Rommel's book on tank warfare, which he never got a chance to complete. But it's possible that Patton had read this earlier work on infantry tactics, which the US Army rediscovered and had translated into English in 1943.
Infantry Attacks! describes the engagements that Rommel participated in during World War I, as a young lieutenant in the Imperial German Army. The book is structured as a set of tactical problems, giving the disposition of friendly and enemy troops and setting out the objective. Rommel then describes the solution that he decided on, followed by the actual results, along with an assessment of the lessons he learned and suggestions for improvement.
Rommel seems to have spent much of the war fighting against Romanian and Italian troops. This is not uncommon for German infantry of World War I, which was periodically rotated out of the Western Front for morale purposes. On the other fronts, battles could actually be won -- and usually by the Germans. But even in the trenches of the Western Front, Rommel finds himself managing successful attacks for limited gains. In fact, it's not until two- thirds of the way through the book that he describes planning an attack that fails.
Is this selective recounting, or did he really win (almost) every engagement he fought? Perhaps some of both. As a junior officer leading a company, in battles involving a million troops, Rommel does not get to see the larger picture. Even if Rommel was successful, the battle may still have been lost. What is clear from the limited engagements that he describes is that Rommel has an impeccable eye for terrain, for maneuvering forces, and for using firepower -- the very essence of an infantry officer's craft. He moves forward aggressively with whatever resources are at his disposal, realizing that perfection is rarely attainable and that speed is itself an advantage. Often he has no artillery support, so he makes it a favored tactic to use machine guns as fire support.
In most of his attacks, he is outnumbered. At the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo (Caporetto), Rommel's mountain troops are often operating deep behind enemy lines, and he writes of being low on food and other supplies. And yet, whenever he sees an opportunity, he goes on the offensive. Whenever the enemy retreats, he pursues, even if he can do so only with leading elements that are well ahead of the rest of his forces. In several cases, he uses the element of surprise to bluff the enemy into surrendering to far inferior forces. At one point, Rommel writes of Italian officers crying in shame after discovering that they had surrendered their regiment to a mere company.
This aggressive spirit eventually gets him into trouble. You can only bluff the enemy a few times before one of those regiments decides to actually stay and fight. Rommel's leading units are forced to surrender after moving too far ahead, and Rommel barely escapes captivity himself. Fortunately for him, this happened at the Battle of Caporetto, a great victory for the Germans and Austro-Hungarians. He does not remain in Italian hands for long before he switches places with his captors.
To some extent, of course, Rommel is lucky to be fighting an enemy that is outmatched in tactical skill. Many of his enemies occupy poor positions, or fail to adequately secure their position, giving Rommel the opportunity to surprise them at a weak point. He also finds the Italian troops to be quite disenchanted with the war. At the same time, his success owes a great deal to his ability to handle his troops like chess pieces. He realizes that the best way to win a battle is not to inflict casualties on the enemy through attrition and sheer materiel advantage, especially for forces that were as outnumbered as Germany's were. Instead, he much prefers to catch the enemy off-guard -- even better, to get them to surrender instead of fighting it out.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Music students intrigue audience
Posted By Online Editor on December 4, 2012
CANTABILE MELODY-Pianist Jerome de los Santos performs Chopin's Etude Op. 20, No. 3 in E Major, which the composer believed the melody to be his most beautiful, in the East Los Angeles College Student Recital held in the S2 recital hall last Wednesday, Nov. 28. CN/Oliver Blanco
By Tierra Oliver
Students in the applied music program showcased their progress and intrigued the audience with lively, pleasant music at the Student Recital last Wednesday.
The recital featured students in applied violin, guitar, piano and voice classes. Held in the S2 Recital Hall, class piano and Applied Piano instructor Lucy Nargizyan, Ph.D accompanied the performers on piano.
Soprano singer Sushien Chang opened with a lukewarm performance of "Caro Mio Ben," an 18th century Italian aria composed by Tommaso Giordani.
Though her vocal set-up remained strong throughout the piece, she started off sounding a bit shaky. As the song progressed, Chang sounded more relaxed and was able to project the song clearly.
Sig Li followed after Chang's performance. Li sang "Una donna a quindici anni," from Mozart's Cosi fan tutte, beginning strong with a rich glottal onset, sustaining excellent support singing in her upper register at the song's buildup.
Li's use of appropriate dynamics paired with her ability to move through notes with agility kept the audience on the edge of their seats.
The only guitarist and first instrumentalist to take the stage was Cesar Clemente with Fernando Sor's "Andante in C Major, Op. 35, No.1."
Throughout the piece, Clemente seemed unsure of the correct chords, taking away from the overall interpretation of the Spanish guitarist's original composition.
There was no definite ending to the performance, making it unclear whether he had come to the end of the song or walked off before making it all the way to the end.
Pianist Francisco Lopez performed Bach's "Prelude No. 1," to a level of mastery. He set the tone building up the piece with his execution of dynamic. Romantic crescendo and decrescendo techniques brought passion of this beautiful 18th century classic to life.
A violin and piano duet of "Sonata in D Minor," composed by Arcangelo Corelli followed with Miguel Lopez, who played violin.
The song got off to a rough start and sounded harsh through key changes. The song choice, however, was a good one. The nostalgic string tones of the violin paired with the sweet piano notes satisfied the sad love song.
"Heart, We Will Forget Him," kept the nostalgic mood alive as performed by soprano Bianca Galicia. From the song's onset, Galicia's vocal dynamics captivated the audience. She swept the audience into the emotion-filled embrace of the sad composition by Aaron Copland that depicts a bittersweet goodbye.
She transitioned through the notes gracefully, smoothly moving through upward slurs with clarity and fluidity. Her breath support remained steady throughout especially in the upper register, allowing her to hit the high notes with a deep, rich sound.
A vocal trio of Angelica Solis, soprano, Sonia Rodriguez, alto, and Sam Aguirre, bass, sang Mozart's "Soave sia il vento," another piece from Cosi fan tutte.
The backdrop for this piece is about two women whose husbands pretend to be drafted to war as a stunt to test their fidelity, a plan instigated by Aguirre's character. Much like a scene from an opera would play out, the trio remained in character the entire time.
Their interaction with one another onstage made the scenario interpretable setting the scene and overall mood of the song. The three harmonized beautifully, with each vocalist taking the dominant pitch during different sections of the song.
Joseph Arquette was the last singer to take stage lending his rich baritone voice to a song entitled "The Vagabond" composed by Ralph Vaughan Williams.
Arquette's powerful vocals provided excellent support and projection in such a low vocal register. The rise and fall through the use of vocal dynamic supplied the gusto expected from Arquette.
He defined each of his phrases clearly using a technique to give each musical phrase its own shape and color.
The last two performers to take the stage were pianists Melody Lin and Jerome de Los Santos. Both played advanced level pieces and did so elegantly.
Lin swept the audience away with "Etude in F Major, Op.10, No.8," which begins with whirlwind speed and maintains that timing all the way through the song. Her agility was impressive, and she did not miss a beat leaning into the piano, hands flying up and down across the keys with fingers titillating up and down as she went.
De Los Santos ends on a sweet note with "Etude in E Major, Op. 20, No. 3." The melody begins gentle and easy, a change of pace from the previous musician's performance.
The piece has two small build-ups before the ending climax where the tone becomes distraught and flailing, allowing the melody to become deconstructed. Once again, the song settles into the sweeter tones it began with, leaving us with a pleasant sound in our ears.
Student pianist place top three in sonata competition
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Posted in Arts Tagged Angelica Solis, Arts, Bianca Galicia, Cesar Clemente, East Los Angeles College, ELAC Music Dept., Francisco Lopez, Jerome de los Santos, Joseph Arquette, Lucy Nargizyan, Melody Lin, Miguel Lopez, Sam Aguirre, Sig Li, Sonia Rodriguez, Sushien Chang, Tierra Oliver
← "Idol" winner delivers impressive debut
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On this Memorial Day, we remember former Elan Raul Guerra — whose remains were buried in Whittier last month, 52 years after his death in Vietnam. Guerra studied Journalism at ELAC and became editor-in-chief of Campus News in 1963. He was killed in Vietnam on October 8, 1967.
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Derek Gunn
Derek Gunn was born in 1964. He is married with three children and lives in Dublin, Ireland.
Derek is best known for his Post-apocalyptic military vampire series, Vampire Apocalypse. The first book in the series, A World Torn Asunder was first published in 2006 and was widely praised. The next three books, Descent into Chaos (2009), Fallout (2010) and Trail of Tears (2014) have equally delighted fans throughout the world. Since publication in Ebook format, the first book has been downloaded over 100,000 times. Derek is currently working on the fifth book in this acclaimed series.
Derek's short stories have been included in many anthologies including, from Signet Classics, Vampires, Zombies, Werewolves and Ghosts: 25 Tales of the Supernatural, The inclusion of his short story "The Third Option" fulfills a his childhood ambition to have a story of his included in an anthology with some of his literary heros as this collection also features work by Bram Stoker, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Oscar Wilde, Stephen King, Ray Bradbury, Ann Rice, Woody Allen, Charles Dickens, Henry James, Joe Hill, Yvonne Navarro, Rudyard Kipling, Angela Carter and many more.
His interest in writing fiction came about from being a young voracious reader of great storytellers such as Alastair McClean and Edgar Rice Burroughs. As a young teenager he discovered Stephen King, James Herbert, Graham Masterton and many more great modern genre writers and became totally hooked on thriller and adventure stories.
Derek works as a specialist consultant for a global telecommunications company.
www.derekgunn.com
Books byDerek Gunn


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Survival of the Cheetah
Laurie Marker
September 21 – Barrows Conservation Lecture Series, Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati OH
The cheetah's survival is in jeopardy due to declining numbers of prey species; conversion of land to agriculture and livestock farming; conflict with livestock farming; and poaching and illegal trade. The estimated population of less than 15,000 animals are found in fragmented and small groups in perhaps 26 African countries with a remnant population of less than 200 in Iran, and viable populations maybe found in fewer than half of the countries where cheetah still live. Neither protected reserves (due to conflict with larger predators), nor captive management (due to limited breeding success), can be relied on to support the survival of the cheetah. Today the cheetah's survival is in human's hands. Therefore, developing strategies for maintaining free-ranging cheetah populations and habitats outside of protected areas are critical for the long-term survival of the species. In order to develop long-term conservation programs, we must think critically about the needs of humans and the needs of the cheetah and find ways for both to live together.
I would like to share with you the story of the Namibian cheetah in its race for survival. Namibia supports the largest remaining free-ranging cheetah population, approximately 2,500 cheetah (20% of the world's population). Cheetahs are found in a contiguous 275,000 km2 of commercial livestock farmland that produces cattle, sheep, goats and wildlife. Although classified as a protected animal in Namibia, cheetah can be shot in order to protect one's life or property. Cheetahs are known to kill small stock and calves up to six months of age but are blamed for far more losses than actually occur. Farmers have practised preventative management – eliminating the cheetah indiscriminately, independent of livestock loss, by either shooting on sight or after live-catching them in traps. Average removals of cheetah per year between 1978 and 1985 were 827 and from 1986 to 1995, 297. Although listed on Appendix I of the Convention for International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), in 1992 Namibia was given an export quota of 150 cheetahs to be used for trophy hunted cheetahs and the live export of cheetahs into recognised captive breeding facilities to encourage farmers to stop indiscriminately removing cheetahs from the wild.
I began working with cheetahs over 25 years ago at the Wildlife Safari in Oregon. As the Curator of Cheetahs for 16 years, I helped develop North America's most successful cheetah breeding center. During those years, many cheetahs were traded between the San Diego Wild Animal Park, the Wildlife Safari and other facilities to enhance breeding success at both facilities. I believed that sharing information and working in cooperation with others is critical to the development of a global breeding strategy. In 1982 I began a registry of cheetahs in captivity called the International Cheetah Studbook. I worked closely with San Diego Zoo's Registrar, Marvin Jones. After the development of the Studbook, a Cheetah Species Survival Plan (SSP) was developed, and over the years I worked closely with many San Diego Zoo cheetah staff and researchers, including Helena Fitch, Susan Millard and Dr. Don Lindberg. Although captive breeding efforts for cheetahs were improving, I knew that work on saving the wild cheetahs was necessary.
I first visited Namibia in 1977 on a first-of-its-kind project to see if a captive-born cheetah could learn to hunt in the wild. The research showed that a captive-born cheetah could learn to kill, but that the mother teaches them even more importantly how to live in their home ranges, finding game, water and avoiding humans and livestock. I learned Namibian farmers were killing hundreds of cheetahs as vermin. During the 1980's Namibia's cheetah population was halved with reports of nearly 7,000 cheetahs were killed between 1980 and 1991.
In 1990 I set up the Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF). I moved to Namibia in 1991, shortly after its independence from South Africa, and established CCF as in international base for cheetah conservation. Our objectives: to secure habitat for the survival of cheetah and their ecosystems through multi-disciplined and integrated programs in research, conservation and education by conducting independent and collaborative research, disseminates information, and recommends conservation management.
Understanding the economic base of the country is extremely important to long-term cheetah survival. Seventy percent of Namibia's population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture as a livelihood, and beef products contribute over 80% of the country's gross agricultural income. Land use for agriculture depends on rainfall distribution and water availability, both are sporadic and unpredictable: periods of drought are a regular occurrence. Therefore, alternate sources of income have been developed on these farmlands. In Namibia, unlike most countries in the world, the wildlife belongs to the landowners. An estimated 70% of Namibia's huntable game species and 90% of the cheetah's range are on privately held commercial farms. Trophy Hunting on free-ranging game, as well as wildlife in game farms, where a high fence is put up around large areas of land, contributes a large amount of foreign income to Namibia. Cheetahs are also legally trophy hunted.
Cheetahs are a big problem to game farmers, since game is concentrated in high numbers on game farms. Once a cheetah gets into a game fenced area game losses to cheetah become an economic problem. Furthermore, many game farms have introduced non-indigenous game, which has an inflated value, and results in higher economic loss because they are not adapted to Namibian conditions and are easier prey for cheetahs. Over the years, game farmers have removed more cheetahs from their farms than livestock farmers.
Private landowners, consisting of some 1,200 farmers, will determine the survival of Namibia's cheetahs. Between 1991 and 1993, I conducted a survey to identify components of farmland ecosystems necessary to sustain a healthy cheetah population, farm management practices that reduce loss from predators, and conservation management strategies beneficial to both cheetah and farmers. The survey resulted in the publication of the book Cheetah Survival on Namibian Farmlands .
Over 95% of the farmers interviewed during the survey indicated that they had no idea of the problems facing the cheetah's survival, or how important the Namibian cheetah population is to the species' survival. Many farmers presented solutions aimed at reducing predator conflict and fell into three main categories: 1) improving livestock management strategies; 2) managing wild game to provide an adequate wild prey base for cheetahs on farmlands; and 3) increasing awareness about the cheetah and ways to live with the species. These suggestions have driven the development of CCF's conservation research and education programs.
Each component of our research allows us to learn more about the free-ranging cheetah and its ecosystem, and all aspects of our research are conducted in cooperation with the farmers, since it is on their lands that we work and the cheetahs range. Most of the cheetahs we have dealt with were not trapped because of livestock depredation but just because the farmers saw them. It is not a problem for these animals to go back into the wild. We work in co-operation with the farmers to find the best solution to each cheetah caught.
When farmers trap cheetah, we ask if we can collect important bio-medical information, including, body measurements, blood and tissue samples, and health characteristics. The farmers work right along side of us and participate in the collection process. To-date we have worked on over 400 cheetahs and all the information is added to a database allowing for on-going monitoring of the over-all health, infectious diseases, and genetic monitoring of the population. Learning about the overall health and genetic make-up of the population helps us to understand what underlying limiting factors may affect long-term survival.
Through radio-telemetry research, we have shown farmers that indiscriminate catching can cause greater problems for them, by opening up cheetah's territories, thus allowing other cheetahs access to the area. In certain cases, indiscriminate catching can actually create problem animals, for example, through the separation (breaking up) of a family unit (i.e. female and sub-adult cubs). We have been able to re-release over 200 cheetahs. They are ear tagged, micro-chipped and most are re-released back into their home-ranges.
Few farmers understand cheetah behavior, and Namibian cheetahs exhibit behaviors that have not been recorded in other areas of Africa. One is to use certain trees for communication. Farmers first described these "newspaper or playtrees" over 50 years ago. Cheetah playtrees appear to be territorial markers. Playtrees are tall with sloping trunks and large horizontal limbs that cheetahs can climb. Cheetahs leave their scat on the limbs and urine on the trunk as markers, and it appears they go from playtree to playtree in their range. Not all farms have playtrees, and these farms we now term as "pass- through farms," as the cheetahs move quickly through on their way to the next playtree. Some farms have several playtrees.
Over the years, most cheetahs were live-trapped at playtrees. The majority of this catching was indiscriminate; the livestock killing, "problem animals" were not singled out. Cheetah traps are two-meter long wire cages with drop doors at both ends and a trigger in the middle. The trap is placed near the playtree, and a thorn bush boma makes the trap the only passage to the tree. The cheetah's drive to get to the tree is so strong that it will readily use the trap as a passage and walk in, thus triggering the doors. Once one cheetah is caught, it is usually held in a holding cage within the boma. Its vocalizations will attract other cheetahs in the family unit, which will then be caught.
Our radio telemetry provides the opportunity to learn about the movement and home range requirements of cheetahs. By understanding the range and movements of the cheetah, farmers can reduce livestock-predator conflict. Since our radio-tracking research began over six years ago, we have had over 45 cheetahs collared. We collar only one animal in a group. For instance male cheetah brothers live together their entire lives forming what is known as a coalition, and cubs stay with their mothers until they are 18 to 20 months of age. We track the collared cheetahs once a week by airplane. Female home ranges average 800m 2 and males over 400m 2. Males avoid each other in their use of overlapping ranges. By monitoring the movements of the cats, we are beginning to identify certain regions where they are more prone to travel, and what times of the month or year they frequent specific areas.
Our early research indicated that over 60% of the farmers did not use any form of livestock protection and that removal of cheetah was not in response to specific loss of livestock. Results from the survey showed that it is difficult to define a "cheetah problem," because livestock loss specifically due to cheetah is often unknown and farmers' perceptions of predation differ. Many farmers accept losing one or two calves a year, while others find any loss an economic hardship.
We have worked actively with the farming community to develop guidelines for reducing cheetah problems on farmlands by including integrated management techniques and strategies for predator control and overall farm management. Through extensive community work, most of Namibia is now aware that there are alternatives to livestock loss to predators. In addition to livestock management we actively promote the use of an electric fence around game farms deterring cheetahs from entering the game farm.
One of the programs we began in 1994 is the use of Livestock Guarding Dogs to Namibia. We imported Anatolian Shepherds and began a breeding program to donate dogs to farmers to protect small stock from predators. Anatolian Shepherds, originally from Turkey, have been used to protect livestock for over 6,000 years. Livestock guarding dogs provide a method of non-lethal predator control that protects the farmer's livelihood while also conserving the predator species. Our Livestock Guarding Dog Program continues growing with over 120 dogs donated to farmers. Farmers have reported that because of their Anatolian Shepherd livestock loss has been reduced and farmers are very satisfied.
During the past 20 years more than 10,000 cheetah have been removed from Namibian farmlands, mostly indiscriminate removals versus catching a livestock killing "problem animal". Live trapping has been the most damaging practice as it is most often indiscriminate, and not "problem animals". Trapping increased in the 1960's and 1970's as zoos were looking for cheetahs and animal dealers profited. Most often trapping results in the removal of more animals than originally intended and entire family groups are removed.
Most of the world's captive cheetahs originate from cheetahs imported from Namibia. Historic records and personal communication show that two main game dealers, Schultz's from Zoopark Okahandja and Wolfgang Delfs, exported over 6,000 Namibian cheetahs from the 1950's until a few years ago to zoos around the world. Only a handful of these cheetahs ever reproduced in captivity. Unknowingly, zoos were supporting dealers who created a market for farmers to live-trap cheetahs.
We have worked with farmers so that trapping of cheetahs targets only the animals responsible for livestock losses. These problem cheetahs could be used for ex-situ conservation responsibly through the development of a Global Master Plan, where cheetahs not suitable for re-release could be made available to supply new bloodlines in captivity. Cheetahs causing livestock losses but suitable for release back into the wild, are considered for relocation to re-establish or supplement populations in protected areas such as National Parks where domestic livestock does not occur.
A new land and wildlife management practice in Namibia is the formation of Conservancies. Conservancies consist of adjacent farms joining together in broad units and developing management strategies sensitive to their farmland ecosystem as a whole. Conservancies promote conservation through sustainable utilisation. The advantage of conservancy areas over game farms is that wildlife is free-ranging and can migrate. Also, this form of management promotes bio-diversity including predators. Besides sustainable use, conservancies consider protection, maintenance, rehabilitation, restoration, enhancement of ecosystems, and eco-tourism.
CCF is an active member of and situated within the Waterberg Conservancy, located in the heart of Namibia's cheetah country. Our Conservancy is approximately 400,000 acres owned by eleven farmers surrounding the Waterberg Plateau Park. The Park is a national game reserve renowned for its rare and endangered species, including rhino, sable and roan.
CCF is contributing to eco-tourism as several Conservancy farmers have recently developed guesthouses, which are increasingly being supported by visitors to CCF's Research and Education Centre. Our Conservancy guesthouses provide visitors with many unique and wonderful personal experiences. We are trying to market our conservation efforts within the Conservancy by recommending that groups traveling to Namibia stay within the Conservancy when visiting CCF.
Depending on the number of people in the group, the groups are divided and stay at several of the guest homes, with these Namibian families who are making a difference to Namibia's wildlife, their habitat, and the surrounding farmland ecosystem that supports the cheetah. Each guest is provided with personal attention, private rooms, deluxe food and famous Namibian Hospitality! We recommend at least two nights to see our area and spend some time at CCF. Additionally, CCF has been involved in the planning and development of two "Cultural Villages" in the local Hereroland communal area.
During the past 10 years CCF has worked to educate farmers, teachers and the general public about the need and ways to conserve Namibia's rich biodiversity, the role of predators such as the cheetah in healthy ecosystems and livestock management practices to reduce predator conflict. Over 75,000 school children have participated in one of CCF's traveling educational programs. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) and Cheetah SSP zoos have supported many of these programs.
Over the past two years, we have re-built our Research and Education Center. The Education Center is designed to make learning fun whilst communicating both the threats to the wild cheetah and the research programs CCF undertakes to help ensure the cheetah's survival. The graphics bring the visitor through the history of the cheetah to current time and shows the diminishing range. A phylogenetic tree shows were the cheetah, different from the other 36 cat species, first branched from its early relatives, 4 million years ago. The cheetah's biology is highlighted. Exhibits show how the cheetah is adapted for the high-speed sprint and it specialised hunting techniques. The visitor is taken through the life cycle of the cheetah from birth to adulthood and the difficulties involved in its struggle for survival. A life size playtree has been built with an explanation to the importance of these trees in a cheetah territory. A live capture cage is under the tree with graphics explaining how farmers live cheetahs. Aspects of conservation are highlighted in the Future Room, bringing together the knowledge that people can make a difference today in species survival. A window looking into the classroom is a symbolic view of the future, as the window shows the students view into the Future Room, which shows a mini laboratory set up with microscope and other research equipment. This area highlights the need for continued research for humans and nature to co-exist together. CCF received an AZA Conservation Endowment Fund (CEF) matching grant to develop the exhibits for the Education Center.
His Excellency, Dr. Sam Nujoma, the President of Namibia dedicated CCF's Research and Education Center on the 22nd of July 2000. This also marks CCF's 10-year anniversary of active in-situ cheetah conservation in Namibia. With the assistance from "cheetah friends" throughout the world, Namibia is becoming proud of being the Cheetah Capitol of the World.
Through education, we can make a difference on this earth. Today, cheetah survival is in the hands of humans and we can make a future for the cheetah on our earth.
Copyright 2000 by Laurie Marker. All rights reserved.


text:
The Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006
Northern Ireland Orders in Council
2006 No. 3336 (N.I. 21)
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1.—(1) In this Schedule—
"specified" means specified in the transfer scheme;
"third party" means any person other than—
the Department; or
the successor company;
"the transfer" means the transfer effected by Article 270(2).
(2) References in this Schedule to any external assets or liabilities are references to any assets or liabilities as respects which any issue arising in any proceedings would have to be determined (in accordance with the rules of private international law) by reference to the law of a country or territory other than Northern Ireland ("external law").
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text:
IVF cannot reset the biological clock, older women warned
Working women are leaving it too late to have children because they wrongly believe that IVF clinics can restore their fertility at any age, a leading academic has warned.
Women cannot simply rewind their 'biological clock' and easily have a baby later in life, the expert says.
A new study warns that becoming pregnant relatively later in life leaves mature mothers-to-be facing a higher risk of pregnancy loss, birth defects and other complications.
Women may delay pregnancy in their most fertile years for a variety of reasons, such as focusing on careers, lack of financial stability or not having a partner.
They are vaguely aware that fertility decreases with age, but it is only when they experience age-related infertility first-hand that they realise the reality of their situation, according to academics.
Dr Pasquale Patrizio, of the Yale School of Medicine in the United States, said the problem is increased due to images of celebrities who seem to effortlessly give birth at advanced ages
He said: "There is an alarming misconception about fertility among women.
"We also found a lack of knowledge about steps women can take early in their reproductive years to preserve the possibility of conception later in life."
The research stemmed from the observations Dr Patrizio and colleagues made that more women are coming to the fertility clinic at age 43 or older expecting that pregnancy can be instantly achieved - and are disappointed to learn it cannot be done easily.
He added: "We are really seeing more and more patients 'upset' after failing in having their own biological child after age 43 so we had to report on this.
"Their typical reaction is, 'what do you mean you cannot help me? I am healthy, I exercise, and I cannot have my own baby?'
"Even though the number of women turning to ART {Assisted Reproductive Therapy] has increased, the number of IVF cycles resulting in pregnancy in women above age 42 mostly remained static at nine per cent in 2009.
"If pregnancy is achieved at an older age, women then face higher risk of pregnancy loss, birth defects, and other complications.
"As clinicians, we should begin educating women more aggressively. Women should be given the appropriate information about postponing fertility, obstetric risks, and the limited success of ART in advanced age to allow them to make informed decisions about when, if at all, they hope to become pregnant."
Dr Patrizio said that one of the techniques women should take advantage of is oocyte (egg) freezing, which appears to be the best strategy for women who want to postpone motherhood but really care about having a child with their own genetic material.
Alternative options such as egg donation, which leads to the highest pregnancy rates reported for any ART method, are also available.
He added: "There is an urgent need to educate women that reproductive aging is irreversible and, more importantly that there are options to safeguard against he risk of future infertility.
"These techniques are valid options for women and should not be viewed as experimental.
"Doctors and health professionals must begin the discussion about fertility preservation in their patients and make certain that young women truly understand all their options."
According to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies, the number of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles performed for women under age 35 increased by about nine per cent between 2003 and 2009.
During this same time period, the number of IVF cycles performed for women aged 41 and older increased by 41%. But this procedure doesn't always result in success.
The findings were published in the journal Fertility and Sterility.


text:
Q: speed of gas molecules when they escape to space I wonder if the escape velocity of gas molecules is the same as the one of rockets, which is 7.8km/s. And do oxygen escape at all or not? Are they too heavy?

A: Yes, the general process of losing gas molecules is possible. It's called atmospheric escape.
The escape speed mechanism you mentioned is just one way in which it happens. Since lighter molecules move faster, they tend to be nearer the escape velocity. The Earth has lost (and continues to lose) hydrogen over the course of its history due to this. Oxygen is heavier and isn't as susceptible to this process, though I won't claim it doesn't happen to some degree.

A: The speed of a molecule is given by:
$$V_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3k_BT}{m}}{\tag1}$$

with v in m/s, T in kelvins, and m is the molecule mass (kg). The most probable speed is 81.6% of the rms speed, and the mean speeds 92.1% (isotropic distribution of speeds).

The mass of an oxygen molecule is $5.313\times 10^{-26}$ kg. This gives $v_{rms}$ a value of about 460 m/s at 0°C.
There will not be a lot of molecules able to reach the speed necessary to escape the gravity of Earth.
Added:
The temperature at 100 km above the ground is about 200 K, about the temperature of dry ice. The $v_{rms}$ of an oxygen molecule at this temperature would be about 390 m/s.
The escape velocity remains the same, independent from where you start.

A: Escape velocity on the surface of earth is 11.2 km/s which is 11200 m/s. RMS velocity is given by
      Vrms = √(3RT/M)

where M = molecular mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol = 0.032 kg/mol (converting to SI unit). If oxygen must escape earth then Vrms = Vesc
That gives T = 160000 Kelvin temperature.

A: Yes, the escape speed will be the same as for a rocket launched from the same altitude, which, depending on how high up you want to consider an escape from, may or may not be approximately as much as on the surface, which is actually 11.2 km/s, not 7.8 which is orbital speed.
The reason for this is escape speed is independent of mass, due to the fact that gravity's action upon an object can be conceived of in purely kinematic terms - that is, in terms of the geometric parameters of the object's motion - position, velocity, acceleration alone, with no reference to the dynamical parameter, mass, which describes the responsivity, actually the resistivity, of a physical object to an applied force (responsivity would be $\frac{1}{m}$, so massless objects are infinitely responsive to applied forces, while heavy ones show little response.). In particular, that gravity accelerates all objects the same way, independent of their mass, so that mass need not show up in considering the kinematic evolution of an object in a gravitational field (but does show up as a parameter in the description of the establishment of that field by an object). This is a deep fact about gravity which serves as the basis of Einstein's general theory of relativity and permits it to be described in purely geometric terms as due to a modification of the geometry of spacetime.
As a result, a molecule, a rocket, Elon Musk's car, and the manhole blasted from the Nevada Test Site in 1957 (which, sadly, almost surely vaporized due to ram pressure against the atmosphere, i.e. it burned up on exit as opposed to the more familiar, but symmetrical, burn up on entry due to similarly high velocities) as a result of an underground nuclear test - all would have the exact same escape speed.
More specifically, the escape speed of any object, no matter the mass, from a spherically-symmetric gravitator, which the Earth approximates, of mass $M$ is
$$v_\mathrm{esc} = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}}$$
where $r$ is the radial distance from the center (Technically this would not be 100% correct for within atmosphere because it treats the whole mass including atmosphere as below the escaping object, but that atmosphere mass is negligible compared to the Earth's mass.). For Earth, $r = 6371\ \mathrm{km}$ and $M = 5972\ \mathrm{Yg}$ (that is, $5.972 \times 10^{24}\ \mathrm{kg}$), and with those parameters you get a $v_\mathrm{esc}$ of 11.2 km/s. At the conventionally-stated top of the atmosphere, usually taken as 100 km, so effectively $r = 6471\ \mathrm{km}$ the $v_\mathrm{esc}$ is about 11.1 km/s. At 408 km, about the altitude of the ISS, $v_\mathrm{esc}$ is 10.8 km/s. Thus gas molecules at each location will need to have at least this much speed to escape. In practice, they may need more because of collision with other molecules can dissipate their energy. The relevant parameter is the mean free path of the molecules which is the average distance it can travel before colliding with another molecule, and the number of collisions on the way out along with the masses of those molecules (assuming elastic collisions, which isn't quite right since molecules can break or get their electrons bumped into higher orbitals, processes which absorb energy making it inelastic). So it's a rather complicated calculation to get the actual speed required for a truly successful molecular escape with high probability (a molecule could "get lucky" with a large free corridor in front of it but that's not as likely) and also the needed starting altitude. But the minimum speed (i.e. assuming a perfect free corridor all the way out) is the usual escape speed from the molecule's starting height.
Now when a molecule has actually escaped, which is how it seems your original question is worded, that is, it is very far from the Earth, its speed will have slowed by whatever amount is needed to supply the remaining energy required to fight the last of the gravity well to exit (and anything lost due to collisions). If the molecule had additional energy above and beyond this, which is almost certain, it will have residual speed. And this residual speed could be rather variable as to its exact quantity.
As for who can escape, that depends on the mass. At any given temperature, and so a given average kinetic energy, things with more mass will move more slowly, so oxygen will have a harder time escaping than nitrogen, which in turn will have a MUCH harder time escaping than hydrogen - which is why there is very little free hydrogen in Earth's atmosphere, but giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn are practically made of the stuff, due to having huge gravity wells (which are also supplied by the hydrogen itself). This is also important in considering possible conditions on extrasolar planets. In particular, it appears from all the data we've gathered so far with missions like Kepler to be a fairly robust conclusion that if a planet has about more than 5 or 6 Earth masses or so, its observed density drops dramatically, meaning that it has accrued what is almost surely a large hydrogen envelope (though proving that definitively is hard without spectroscopic measurements). There are exceptions, of course, but it's a sigmoid-shaped (stretched out S-shaped) graph with the center of the "knee" of the sigmoid (the S) is at this mass level. This is because there is finally enough gravity to achieve the necessary hold at that point, more or less (in particular the escape speed is $\sqrt{5}$ times more, not counting change in the radius, and thus the kinetic energy per unit mass to escape is 5 times more, so a molecule 5 times less massive than, say, nitrogen, will be just as hard to escape as nitrogen is, and that's about 6 amu (or 6 "Daltons", Da) for a diatomic molecule, $\mathrm{H}_2$ is 2 amu, so we're rather close.).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
require "spec_helper"

describe 'HyperMapper::Persistence' do

  before do
    @client = stub_client
  end

  describe "save" do

    it "should send all the attributes on fresh object" do
      stub_put 'users', 'goggin', {email: 'matt@example.com'}
      user = User.new username: 'goggin', email: 'matt@example.com'
      user.save
    end

    it "should only save the changed attributes on an already persisted object" do
      stub_get 'users', 'goggin', {username: 'goggin', email: 'matt@example.com'}
      user = User.find('goggin')
      user.email = 'george@example.com'
      stub_put 'users', 'goggin', {email: 'george@example.com'}
      user.save
      user.email.should == 'george@example.com'
    end

    describe "with autogenerated keys" do

      before :all do
        class TestClass
          include HyperMapper::Document
          attr_accessible :testKey, :test
          key :testKey, autogenerate: true
          attribute :test
        end
      end

      after :all do
        Object.send(:remove_const, :TestClass)
      end

      it "should allow you to set the key yourself" do
        instance = TestClass.new testKey: 1, test: "hello"
        stub_put 'test_classes', 1, {test: 'hello'}
        instance.save
      end

      it "should provide an autogenerated key if you omit the key" do
        instance = TestClass.new test: "hello"
        @client.should_receive(:put) do |arg1, arg2, arg3|
          arg1.should == 'test_classes'
          arg2.length.should == 47
          arg3.should == {test: 'hello'}
        end
        instance.save
      end

      it "should not try to create a new key for an instance loaded via find" do
        stub_get 'test_classes', 'a_valid_id', {test: 'hello'}
        instance = TestClass.find('a_valid_id')
        instance.test = 'goodbye'
        stub_put 'test_classes', 'a_valid_id', {test: 'goodbye'}
        instance.save
      end
    end
  end

  describe "persisted?" do

    before do
      @user = User.new username: 'goggin', email: 'matt@example.com'
    end

    it "should return false for a new object" do
      @user.should_not be_persisted
    end

    it "should return false after a failed save attempt" do
      @user.should_not be_persisted
    end

    it "should return true after being saved successfully" do
      stub_put 'users', 'goggin', {email: 'matt@example.com'}
      @user.save
      @user.should be_persisted
    end

    it "should return true after being loaded" do
      stub_get 'users', 'goggin', {email: 'matt@example.com'}
      (User.find 'goggin').should be_persisted
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Sometimes one of the worst ways to ruin a series is to hear a lot of praise for it. If so many people like it and give it positive reviews, it feels like you may be setting yourself up to be disappointed. This series was on many people's wish list when it was unlicensed and seems quite popular. Hetalia Axis Powers lived up to its hype, but this one I just did not get even after rereading it.
I will say the manga's biggest strength is that the characters. It's a normal romance, but I do not mean that in a bad way. These are characters who could easily be your next-door neighbors telling you about how they met. They're all likable, which is rather amazing for any manga, let alone shoujo. So many manga involving relationships have a habit of making a potential or former love interest a horrible manipulator in order to stir up trouble between the main couple. Even Ninako, who if you list all her characteristics would normally be put in the "annoying shoujo protagonist" category, actually spends time thinking about her actions and considers others' feelings instead of falling into the trap of being "overly optimistic cheerful glutton". Cheers to Ren for not being a tsundere, especially not a jerky tsundere.
The downside is that there is no "wow" moment. The story is steady but never reaches a climatic moment; there's progress but no major turn of events. I am not saying I was hoping Strobe Edge would be drama-heavy, but there really isn't any scene that stands out. It's like a chick flick or light comedy: it might be entertaining but unlikely to become a personal favorite or leave a long-lasting impression. I sympathized with Ninako, Ren, and the others, but I was not emotionally invested in them. I had no doubt as to how the story would end, especially when an ex was brought into the picture.
The manga does end at a nice spot. There is one epilogue after the couple gets together and that's it. I am sure some people would like to continue to see their adventures, but in a series where the focus is on getting together, I actually prefer the way the author gracefully lets their story end instead of trying to keep the drama going. No long storylines about first experiences or new characters trying to force breakups.
Despite being rated T for teen, Strobe Edge is tame. Little to no foul language (none that I can recall off the top of my head) and only a few frames of suggestive themes. That combined with the text's adaptation (see below) might make Strobe Edge a good choice for younger readers, especially those relatively unfamiliar with shoujo manga.
The art is pretty much typical shoujo style. Big eyes, big lips, and pretty faces. Sakisaka's style is stable over the series and characters are distinguishable from each other. Ninako looks younger than her age but she is supposed to have a baby-face.
The translation is more…Americanized than average. No honorifics are used. This includes shortened nicknames ("Sayu-chan" is just "Sayuri"). Almost everyone calls each other by their first names. For instance, Ren also calls Ninako by her first name, despite referring to her as "Kinoshita-san" in the original. I was almost at the end of the series before I realized the guy named Yu was actually named Yutaro. Besides names, the text itself is also more loosely adapted. Ren is referred to in Japanese as the school's idol, a common trope in shoujo manga. Viz's adaptation says he's the school's pop star. Yes, America doesn't really have the jack-of-all-trades that are Japanese idols, and we often use the word "idol" for "hero". But who ever heard of a pop star that doesn't sing? I also found mistakes like "Shin Sakuta" suddenly became "Shin Sakuda".
A nice read, but I would not include it as one of my favorites or even a must-read. I would recommend borrowing from a friend or library if interested. I just did not find anything — a scene, character, something — that jumped out and grabbed my attention to make me say, "This is really good!" Strobe Edge is a nice manga but that's it: nice.
I'm surprised Ao Haru Ride hasn't been licensed yet, but I'm sure it's one of Viz's priorities since it just ended.


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Globus Theatre's 19th Summer Season
Written on April 14th, 2022
Globus Theatre at the Lakeview Arts Barn near Bobcaygeon is presenting five shows for 2022, each having a 10 day run.
Meet My Sister
June 22 – July 2
By BONNIE GREEN
An hilarious new Canadian play about sibling rivalry, aging parents and childhood memories.
Blanche is a is a hard-working public health nurse with a penchant for details and deadlines; Stella is an organic herbalist and lavender exporter. As sisters they couldn't be more different! But circumstances dictate that they join forces when Mom, who is scheduled to move to Pleasant Poplars, a Long Term Care Facility, locks herself in her home and refuses to go!
As the sisters attempt to cajole Mom out of her house and into a home, they fight, bond, laugh, reminisce and argue over who inherits the green glass. Little do they know that a high school crush will make an appearance and long buried family secrets are about to change all their lives forever.
Rock 'n' Roll is Here to Stay
July 5 – 16
STARRING LEISA WAY AND HER WAYWARD WIND BAND
A musical journey through the history of Rock 'n Roll
Audience favourite Leisa Way is back! And this time she's keeping the classic rock flame burning in a high-energy, captivating show with songs from the hottest Rock n Roll stars and bands in music history.
As Leisa and her phenomenal musicians take us on a magical mystery tour of 40 years of rock's greatest hits, poodle skirts and page boys gave way to mini skirts and go-go boots.
From Buddy Holly to the Beach Boys, from Elvis to The Eagles; experience the sounds of Queen, The Rolling Stones, Tina Turner, Bob Dylan, Jim Morrison, Pat Benetar, The Guess Who, Carol King and many, many more…
If you've ever wanted to Rock n Roll all night (and party ev-er-eee-dayyyy!) then join us as we remind you that you were Born to be Wild!
By JOHN NICHOLSON & LE NAVET BETE
From the writer of Hound of the Baskervilles (Globus 2013). This riotous adaptation of Alexandre Dumas' classic novel is a funny, high-energy romp full of swashbuckling and rollicking adventure.
Join the young and naive D'Artagnan as he sets out for Paris, armed only with a baguette and his loyal but problematic steed, on a quest to become a King's musketeer, After discovering that the musketeers have been disbanded, he makes it his mission to get them reinstated. But an encounter with the dangerous femme fatale, Milady de Winter may prove to be his downfall.
A comedy adventure of epic proportions.
The Great 44th Fowler's Falls Fall Fair Disaster
BY SARAH QUICK
The fall fair is an annual highlight for the residents of tiny Fowler's Falls and it is abound with traditions. But an influx of new residents in town threatens to throw things into disarray.
The talent show is thrust into turmoil, the Harvest Queen pageant is a fashion disaster, the homecraft committee suspect sabotage and the rooster crowing competition crown holder looks to be the victim of fowl play.
Stakes are high, the competition is fierce and it looks like someone would kill to be the winner.
Will this 44th anniversary event be the town's downfall or will fairness prevail?
Screwball Comedy
August 17 – 27
BY NORM FOSTER
A great new Canadian comedy from audience favourite Norm Foster.
The year is 1938 and newly laid-off perfumier Mary Hayes is trying to break into the male dominated world of newspaper journalism. Editor-in-Chief Bosco Godfrey sets a competition between his egotistical star reporter Jeff Kincaid and plucky Mary, assigning them to cover a society wedding. If Jeff writes the better story, he gets to keep his job. If Mary wins, she will replace the ace newshound.
A homage to those zany screwball comedies of that time period, this play is full of snappy period dialogue, outrageous characters and humour that packs a punch!


Edith Nesbit is one of the best British fabulists who wrote children's books. The Wonderful Garden (1911) brings us into the world of three children who brew spells and magical cures using the plants they find in an Edwardian garden.
Leafing through a yellowed copy of The Wonderful Garden I tear out brittle pages, one at time, and hold them up to the flame of a beeswax candle.
Warmed by the fire, invisible words – scripted in lemon juice – appear like magic: Hemlock. Bella Donna. Spurge Laurel. Monk's Hood. Moonseed. Nightshade. Rosary Pea. Baneberry. Oleander. Doll's Eye. Angel's Trumpet.
These charming names belong to plants commonly found in home gardens due to their beauty and fragrance.
They also happen to be lethal.
When ingested even in tiny amounts, death – by asphyxiation / edema / convulsive seizures / renal tubular degeneration / retinal hemorrhage / widespread internal lesions – swiftly follows.
* Special thanks to Steven Sharpe for wonderfulness.


text:
Josep Domènech Grau (Reus, 22 d'agost de 1870 - 20 d'octubre de 1904) va ser un periodista català i procurador dels tribunals.

Estudià Dret a la Universitat de Barcelona i va guanyar unes oposicions a procurador dels tribunals professió que exercí a Reus. Amb gran facilitat per la informació periodística va dirigir el Diari de Reus, on publicava els editorials sense signar, i el setmanari satíric La Trompeta de caràcter més literari que humorístic. També col·laborà a Las Circunstancias. D'ideologia socialista, va participar en campanyes electorals d'aquest partit, tot i que no hi va estar afiliat. Va morir de sobte als 34 anys.

Referències

Periodistes reusencs
Naixements del 1870

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Historical (117) Documentary (57) Biography (9)
United States — History — Civil War, 1861-1865 (117) American Civil War (1861-1865) (57) United States (57)
American History in Video (51) Civil War Journal (19) The Unknown Civil War (16)
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United States — History — Civil War, 1861-1865x Genre
Historicalx
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Ken Burns' Emmy Award-winning documentary brings to life America's most destructive and defining conflict. The Civil War is the saga of celebrated generals and ordinary soldiers, a heroic and transcendent president and a country that had to divide itself in two in order to become one.
BookDVD
Available Law (Klaus Reading Room) Map
KLAUS DVD #57
The Civil War: 1861-1863
The Civil War [electronic resource]: 1861-1863
As the Civil War rages, all eyes turn to Vicksburg, where limited war becomes total war. Professor Miller looks at the ferocity of the fighting, at Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the bitter legacy of the battle, and the war.
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee, the leading Confederate general of the American Civil War, remains a source of fascination and, for some, veneration. This film examines the life and reputation of the general, whose military successes made him the scourge of the Union and the hero of the Confederacy, and who was elevated to almost god-like status by his admirers after his death.
Available Clemons (Stacks)
Army Digest
Army Digest: No. 8.
From the U.S. Army's The Big Picture television series, 1950-1975.; "'The Mathew Brady Story' brings to the television screen the work of the famed photographer who, during the Civil War, earned the title of "The First Combat Photographer." In this documentary, Brady's crisp visual account of the Civil War and its men is brought to life as music, sound, and movement team up with Brady's photographic skill to give THE BIG PICTURE audience an authentic sense of what it was like to live and fight through the years when our nation's unity hung in the balance. In the "Clara Barton Story," the personal chronicle of the woman who was instrumental in founding the Red Cross - the accounting, in her own words, of her part in a single day of the Battle of Antietam - is documented through scenes [...]
Man, Moment, Machine
Man, Moment, Machine: Lincoln & the Flying Spying Machine
"The Civil War isn't typically associated with high-tech equipment, but in 1862 the Union Army introduced an amazing surveillance device that foretold the future of fancy spy gear. This History Channel episode analyzes the device--a hydrogen balloon attached to a telegraph--and chronicles President Lincoln's involvement with its invention and deployment."--History Channel.
Michael McInerney
Gettysburg Historians' Roundtable
Weapons of the Civil War
Civil War Journal: The Commanders
Through diaries, photographs and re-enactments, these four episodes take the viewer into the personal lives of these Civil War generals.
Donna E. Lusitana
Civil War Journal
Through diaries, photograhs, and factual reenactments, these four episodes focus on the earlier years of the Civil War, including John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry; the first military engagement of the war at Fort Sumter; the first major battle at Bull Ron, and the mix of escaped slaves and educated African American men who made up the 65th Massachussetts regiment.
Destiny at Fort Sumter
Describes the attack on Fort Sumter that began the Civil War.
The Battle of Chattanooga
Amendment 14: Civil Rights of Citizens
Amendment 14 [electronic resource]: Civil Rights of Citizens
The U.S. Constitution is the world's oldest written charter of government in continuous effect. Much of the success of this document can be attributed to the way the Constitution has changed to meet the needs of the American people. The framers of the Constitution wisely anticipated the need to make changes to the Constitution as the world itself changed. Between 1787, when the Constitution was written, and the present time, thousands of proposed amendments have been introduced in Congress. But in that time, only 27 of those proposed amendments have been ratified. These 27 amendments tell some of the most important stories in American political, social, and cultural history. They tell the story of the founding principles of the American nation, and how that nation has changed. This c [...]
Amendment 13: Abolition of Slavery
Amendment 13 [electronic resource]: Abolition of Slavery
This program examines the legal issues relevant to the 13th Amendment and the controversy surrounding its passage. Legal experts explain the basis of the debate; historical reenactments of those debates provide viewers with insights into its social and economic underpinnings.
Amendments 15 and 24: Rights of Citizens to Vote/Poll Tax
Amendments 15 and 24 [electronic resource]: Rights of Citizens to Vote/Poll Tax
Presenting Mr. Frederick Douglass: Lesson of Hour
Presenting Mr. Frederick Douglass [electronic resource]: Lesson of Hour
The great abolitionist Frederick Douglass comes back to life in this acclaimed theatrical performance featuring Fred Morsell, as he dramatically re-creates Douglass's famous speech on slavery and human rights. With an eloquence and intelligence rarely matched, Frederick Douglass became a giant in the struggle against racial injustice. He called upon all Americans of every color to work to fulfill the vision of a just society that was proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. This program was filmed at the Metropolitan A.M.E. Church in Washington, D.C., where Douglass delivered his celebrated last speech, "The Lesson of the Hour," over a century ago. A Bill Moyers special.
The Battle of Glorieta Pass: Gettysburg of the West
The Battle of Glorieta Pass [electronic resource]: Gettysburg of the West
This program uses contemporary journals and letters and battlefield reenactments to focus on the Western strategy in the Civil War and explain one of the most intriguing scenarios in American history. Union forces had abandoned Albuquerque and Santa Fe; the Rebels were headed West, their goal to reach California and secure the Southwest. The brutal Battle of Glorieta Pass on March 28, 1862, concluded when Union men slipped into the Rebel rear and burned the enemy wagon trains. With no more supplies, without food or ammunition, the Confederates abandoned their New Mexico camp: a bitter defeat made even more bitter by history's failure to accord these soldiers their full measure of glory.
Death Runs Riot
Death Runs Riot [electronic resource]
This program examines the impact of slavery and the Civil War in the West. Viewers learn about "Bleeding Kansas," the "Gettysburg of the West," and how the end of the fighting brought on the beginning of the military campaign against Indians. Included are portrayals of individuals who resisted federal authority, such as Brigham Young and Black Kettle.
Save Our History: Fight for Honor: Great Civil War Battlefields
Save Our History [electronic resource]: Fight for Honor: Great Civil War Battlefields
For more than a century, Civil War battlefields have stood as important reminders of a time when America, tearing itself apart over sectional differences, nearly ceased to be. But the ever-increasing suburban sprawl along America's eastern seaboard is rapidly encroaching on these hallowed sites. This program travels to the most threatened sites to draw attention to a new war: a struggle between developers hoping to pave over Civil War battlefields and preservationists working to save and restore what is left of them. What does it mean when a country chooses to not preserve certain historic sites? And can its citizens fully comprehend, or honor, the sacrifice of the fallen soldiers without saving the soil where they gave their lives?
Lincoln [electronic resource]
Burdened by a tragic family life, suicidal urges, and unsettled sexuality, Abraham Lincoln was able to employ his powerful wit and innate charm to transform his inner demons. Filmed as if through the president's own eyes, this episode of Biography captures the dark soul behind one of history's brightest lights. Interviews with leading Lincoln biographers such as Gore Vidal, Jan Morris, and Harold Holzer are also included.
?f[subject_facet][]=United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865&f[video_genre_facet][]=Historical&sort_key=received


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← Sackville to province: Leave our boundaries alone
Sackville awards Grandpa Higgs 'Scrooge-of-Year' plaque in secret ceremony →
Expert says New Brunswick is following its tradition of 'heavy-handed' municipal reform
Posted on December 20, 2021 by brucewark
Dalhousie Professor Jack Novack
A professor of local government at Dalhousie University says New Brunswick's latest municipal reforms are in keeping with past ones including the sweeping changes imposed in 1967 as part of the Equal Opportunity program.
"There tends to be a top-down, heavy-handed approach," says Jack Novack.
He was commenting on the latest provincial plan to force the amalgamations of local governments such as Sackville, Dorchester and their surrounding communities into one municipal entity — a process that will be overseen by provincially appointed transition teams, not locally elected representatives.
Although Novack says he hasn't studied New Brunswick's reform plan closely, he suggests the province should probably be considering a more flexible approach.
"The heavy-handed, top-down approach tends to be less successful because you can't start off a new marriage based upon resentment," he says.
"What I think you need to have is something which is much more inherently flexible than simply moving boundaries or incorporating other communities or amalgamations."
Novack says New Brunswick could model its reforms on the 27 regional districts in British Columbia that were first established in the mid-1960s.
That system, he says, allows local governments to opt-in or opt-out of shared services based on their needs.
The regional districts are governed by representatives from each municipal council as well as locally elected ones giving them accountability to voters.
The B.C. government website explains that the system allows local governments to achieve regional economies of scale while residents pay only for the services they receive.
"Regional districts are a unique form of regional government in Canada, as the member municipalities 'lend' authority to the regional-scale government, rather than being 'under' its authority," the government website says.
Novack says he also likes the model that Alberta is implementing known as an ICF or Intermunicipal Collaboration Framework that preserves a municipality's local autonomy while providing for regional co-operation.
"I'm always happier to see things which are inherently flexible, that are adaptive," he says, "as opposed to a more heavy-handed approach which simply thinks that by moving boundaries that you are going to solve the issues that ought to be addressed within those boundaries by the participating [municipal] units."
Book that Jack Novack co-authored with Kell Antoft in 1998
Novack says provincial governments often treat municipalities as mere service providers and not political bodies where people can come together.
"To me the real virtue of local government is not so much the fact that it delivers water and sewer and police and fire and streets and roads and sidewalks and lights and recreation and local economic development," he says.
"The virtue lies in the fact that it's a place where people can participate and learn about the democratic process; where people can learn to be good citizens and where you can build strong and healthy communities."
Novack says local government can also help people understand different perspectives, engage in compromise and practise the peaceful resolution of conflict.
He says that, in the end, New Brunswick's municipal reforms should be judged in that light.
"Does reform strengthen the political role of local government or does it weaken it?" he asks.
"I have often said that if you want to be a virtuoso violinist, you've got to practise; if you want to be an accomplished gymnast, you've got to practise; if you want to be a mathematician, you've got to study hard and practise," Novack says.
"Well, if you want to be a good citizen, why do we think that happens automatically?
"You've got to practise and local government's the place where people can do that."
This entry was posted in New Brunswick government, Town of Sackville and tagged municipal reform. Bookmark the permalink.
4 Responses to Expert says New Brunswick is following its tradition of 'heavy-handed' municipal reform
Percy Best says:
"It is the end of the TOWN as we know it and I feel sad."
Damn you Higgs! Do you not know the meaning of the word 'DEMOCRACY', or do you just not care?
Mary Reid says:
thank you Percy Best. Higgs has a team in his office and it well time the CBC told us just who they are and where they come from. He has lawyers and accountants, bookkeepers and gossips they string out a nasty piece of governing and we deserve to know the story of who they are and how such people work to undermine democracy.
We have fought this issue before, when I was on council, and won. This time is different. With a majority Conservative government we're screwed.
It's interesting to note that Sackville has been shut out of further discussions on municipal reforms and that Entity 40 will unrelentingly move forward. I wonder, if Town Council had combined their voice with Dorchester and the local service districts, would they have had more influence on the Provincial Government? Standing alone is usually not a good strategy.
https://www.chmafm.com/welcome/sackville-shut-out-on-revisions-to-municipal-reform-plan/


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L'empereur Kōrei (孝霊天皇, Kōrei Tennō) est le septième empereur du Japon à apparaître sur la traditionnelle liste des empereurs.

Aucune date certaine ne peut être attribuée à cet empereur, et il est considéré par les historiens comme un « empereur légendaire ».
Il est le sixième de huit empereurs sans légende, le Kojiki et le Nihon shoki ne précisant que son nom et sa généalogie. La tradition lui attribue des dates de vie de -342 à -215 et situe son règne à partir de -290.

Si la tradition affirme qu'il a réellement existé et lui attribue une tombe, les études historiques modernes tendent à montrer qu'il n'a en fait jamais existé.

Notes et références

Mythologie japonaise
Empereur du Japon
Naissance en 342 av. J.-C.
Décès en 215 av. J.-C.
Empereur légendaire du Japon