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Cheesecake factory dubai
The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 6,130 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #192 of 10,860 restaurants in Dubai The Cheesecake Factory JBR - The Beach, The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence, Dubai, United Arab Emirates - Rated 4.6 based on 670 Reviews This is my..
The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai - TripAdviso
Cheesecake Factory is a sweet favourite in Dubai and has won many awards and accolades, including the 2010 Zagat Survey awards for the Best Desserts and Best Salads and the 2012 Nation's Restaurant News Menu Masters Award for Healthful Innovations
The Cheesecake Factory Dubai; The Cheesecake Factory, Downtown Dubai; Get Menu, Reviews, Contact, Location, Phone Number, Maps and more for The Cheesecake Factory Restaurant on Zomat
American chain restaurant, The Cheesecake Factory, has expanded overseas with the opening of The Cheesecake Factory at The Dubai Mall, opposite the Dubai Aquarium. The restaurant seats 300 guests. It's 13,800-square-foot dining area is open daily for both lunch and dinner
In case you haven't already been to one of the locations across the globe - The Cheesecake Factory is famous for its creative menu, generous portions, relaxed interiors and extensive list of cheesecakes. With over 200 items on the menu and 30 different flavours of cheesecake to choose from, it.
Spending my lunch break / after work dinner at the Cheesecake Factory was kind of part of my weekly routine when I first moved to Dubai and started working at Mall of the Emirates. Always having to wait for a table and having way too many sweet potato fries made me break this routine after a couple of months though
The Cheesecake Factory JBR - Home - Dubai, United Arab
The Cheesecake Factory Dubai Festival City Menu - View the Menu for The Cheesecake Factory Dubai on Zomato for Delivery, Dine-out or Takeaway, The Cheesecake Factory menu and prices
As you might imagine, our restaurant was built on the success of cheesecake, but thankfully we didn't stop there! In addition to our 30 delicious flavors like our popular White Chocolate Raspberry Truffle® and Dulce De Leche Caramel Cheesecake, we offer over 200 menu items that are made fresh from scratch each da
The Cheesecake Factory created the upscale casual dining segment in 1978 with the opening of its first restaurant in Beverly Hills, California and now even with more than 200 locations, The Cheesecake Factory restaurants are just as unique today as they were back then
Use your Uber account to order a delivery from The Cheesecake Factory - MOE in Dubai. Browse the menu, view popular items and track your order
The Cheesecake Factory boasts more than 150 selections made fresh from scratch daily. Enjoy a selection of your favorite dishes & cheesecakes. They are famous for their generous portions which are ideal for sharing, but be sure to save room for dessert! Read mor You work at The Cheesecake Factory? I love that place! - Everyone you know. Whether someone is a guest or a staff member, the sentiment is always the same
Video: Cheesecake Factory in Dubai - Restaurant Mall of the Emirate
The Cheesecake Factory, Downtown Dubai, Dubai - Zomat
The Cheesecake Factory. Cuisine: American. In august 2012 the cheesecake factory opened its first Middle Eastern outlet in Dubai. This highly respectable and world renowned company had worldwide revenue of $453m USD, so it is no slouch in the specialised food market
Find The Cheesecake Factory restaurant nearest you. Please enter a valid City and State or ZIP (ex. Beverly Hills, CA
M.H. Alshaya Co. is a leading international franchise operator for nearly 90 of the world's most recognised retail brands including Starbucks, H&M, Mothercare, Debenhams, American Eagle Outfitters, P.F. Chang's, The Cheesecake Factory, Victoria's Secret, Boots, Pottery Barn and KidZania
The Cheesecake Factory, Inc. is an American restaurant company and distributor of cheesecakes based in the United States. The company operates 210 full-service restaurants: 194 under The Cheesecake Factory brand, 14 under the Grand Lux Cafe brand and 2 under the RockSugar Pan Asian Kitchen brand
© 2002-2014 TCF Co. LLC. All Rights Reserved How to use a The Cheesecake Factory coupon The Cheesecake Factory offers ways to save during various times of the year. For the month of October, an online coupon code is being offered for a percentage off the total price of all online orders. The Cheesecake Factory website also offers a mailing list for customers to receive notification of. The Cheesecake Factory offers over 200 dishes from around the world, including almost 40 variaties of cheesecake and desserts galore. Save on a fun night out with family, friends, or a date with Cheesecake Factory online coupons Order Ahead and Skip the Line at The Cheesecake Factory. Place Orders Online or on your Mobile Phone
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Taste one of 50 legendary cheesecakes and specialty desserts like the Oreo Dream Extreme Cheesecake, White Chocolate Raspberry Truffle®, Ultimate Red Velvet Cake Cheesecake™, and Linda's Fudge Cake. This is one of the best places for cheesecake fans though the Cheesecake Factory at The Dubai Mall has a lot more to offer than cheesecakes From inventive flavours to unbeatable classics, Dubai has almost every single kind on offer. Here are just a few that make us go mmmmmm. The Cheesecake Factory. With branches in The Dubai Mall, JBR The Beach, Mall of the Emirates and Festival City - chances are you will have come across a Cheesecake Factory at some point. And if you've. In April I spent 2 weeks in Dubai, so I'm going to backtrack to some of my favourite things I did whilst I was out there. I was introduced to the Cheesecake Factory by one of my former work colleagues as I started my trip with work and I'm so glad she di The Cheesecake Factory . The Dubai mall . Busiest restauran Phantom of Dubai 1,996,074 views. 3:30. Why The Cheesecake Factory should have failed but didn't.
The Cheesecake Factory Opens in Dubai - The Daily Mea
Disclosure: I enjoyed this complimentary dining experience as a guest of The Cheesecake Factory but all views and opinions are my own. * * * * * The Cheesecake Factory: The Dubai Mall, opposite the Aquarium, Telephone: +971 04 325 3521. Not licensed for alcohol nor pork (so those dishes that originally contained alcohol had to be modified)
Cheesecake Factory is a restaurant offering an eclectic menu, from salad to sandwiches, and of course, a wide variety of cheesecakes. It also offers a basic catering menu treats, including appetizers and Italian meals
Take Out. For your convenience our entire menu of more than 250 selections is available for Take Out! You may place and pick up Take Out orders at our Bakery counter
Find Cheesecake Factory jobs at Naukrigulf.com. Register Free & Apply to job openings for Cheesecake Factory in top companies. Submit your resume and get selected 103.8k Followers, 53 Following, 723 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from The Cheesecake Factory ME (@thecheesecakefactoryme The Cheesecake Factory - Dubai Marina (The Beach), The Cheesecake Factory - Al Barsha 1 (Mall of Emirates), The Cheesecake Factory - Downtown Dubai (Dubai The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 1,305 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #185 of 10,843 restaurants in Dubai
You can now easily browse the entire Cheesecake Factory menu with prices without leaving the comfort of your house. We have added the full menu for the Cheesecake Factory below (including the Cheesecake Factory Lunch Menu, Kids Menu, Brunch Menu & Drinks Menu), plus information on the current Cheesecake Factory deals and specials The Cheesecake Factory is a classic American restaurant which originated from Detroit, Michigan in the late 1940's. In 1972, Evelyn Overton together with her husband and two kids, opened The Cheesecake Factory Bakery and began selling her delicious cheesecakes to different cafe and restaurants throughout Los Angeles area 722.9k Followers, 3,715 Following, 2,313 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from The Cheesecake Factory �� (@cheesecakefactory) cheesecakefactory Verified Follow The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai Restaurants, Get recommendations, browse photos and reviews from real travelers and verified travel experts. Search Become a Franchisee We had plenty to eat during #TheAlshayaFoodTour in Dubai but not all of it was part of our 'official' duty there. We did have a few meals which were not part of our official reviews and one of them happened to be The Cheesecake Factory
Filter by Custom Post Type. Cheesecake Factory. Cheesecake Factory elissay 2017-08-07T17:27:21+00:0 1,817 The Cheesecake Factory jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Server, Dishwasher, Host/Hostess and more
Oh gosh, food coma! BUT we were at the Cheesecake Factory, and an order of cheesecake is necessary, right? Well we got three cheesecakes, but we got them take away so don't judge us fatsos! Red Velvet Cheesecake [ADE34] The monster of all chesecakes. It's our favourite cupcake converted into a bigger, creamier, cheesier slice of cheesecake The Cheesecake Factory's story began in the 1940s when American Evelyn Overton first created her Original Cheesecake. She opened a cake shop but struggled to balance business and family life. In 1972, with her children grown up, she and her husband attempted to run a shop again One of the first few restaurants we visited after arriving in Dubai is The Cheesecake Factory which is located inside The Dubai Mall. I've heard great stories of how delicious the cakes are in this huge resto
The first Cheesecake Factory is opening in Dubai and there are 21 more locations planned. Why would a chain like the Cheesecake Factory, with all its decadent fare, choose to head to the Middle East? Well, founder and CEO David Overton thinks that the Middle East is the perfect place for his restaurants to prosper Merhaba arkadaşlar Tatilim boyunca Cheesecake Factory de yaklaşık 5 kere cheesecake yedim (5 gün kaldım buarada ) 5 farklı çeşit denedim...en beğendiğim salted caramel cheesecake. Mango Key Lime Cheesecake 1,120 44 488 113 Fresh Banana Cream Cheesecake 1,130 48 479 92 Adam's Peanut Butter Cup Fudge Ripple 1,230 41 721 118 White Chocolate Caramel Macadamia Nut Cheesecake 1,410 55 533 118 Lemon Raspberry Cream Cheesecake 950 37 398 82 Tiramisu Cheesecake 870 35 412 71 Chocolate Mousse Cheesecake 1,120 52 448 8
There are also global locations of The Cheesecake Factory, in places such as the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Mexico and China. Take the family out to dinner at The Cheesecake Factory and feast on the heaping portions of food and all-star desserts that will satisfy any sweet tooth We are excited to be introducing The Cheesecake Factory At Home™ - a line of delicious products that can be enjoyed at home. Look for these exciting new products in select retailers near you You have landed on the best page for the latest Cheesecake Factory menu prices! Known for its famous original cheesecakes, The Cheesecake Factory is a full-service restaurant that offers a menu that includes appetizers, small plates, pasta, burgers, sandwiches, pizza, and lunch specials The largest Cheesecake Factory restaurant in the world has opened at Mall of the Emirates in Dubai. The US-based eaterie, occupying 2,120 sq m with 526 seats, is the brand's second opening in the UAE. The launch was announced by Kuwait-based retailer MH Alshaya Co, the first international licensee.
The Cheesecake Factory - Visit Dubai
The Cheesecake Factory in Dubai, The Dubai Mall, UAE. Map location, telephone number, operating hours, photos and reviews of The Cheesecake Factory in Dubai, UA The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 6,098 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #193 of 10,843 restaurants in Dubai The Cheesecake Factory is a popular tourist destination in Dubai. Read reviews and explore The Cheesecake Factory tours to book online, find entry tickets price and timings, opening hours, address, nearby attractions and more! The Cheesecake Factory story began back in the 1940's when Evelyn Overton found a cheesecake recipe in a Detroit, Michigan newspaper that would inspire her Original cheesecake. More than 70 years and 30 cheesecakes later, The Cheesecake Factory has grown into an international sensation Trying to find a The Cheesecake Factory? Have no fear; we've compiled a list of all the The Cheesecake Factory locations. Simply click on the The Cheesecake Factory location below to find out where it is located and if it received positive reviews
The Cheesecake factory was initially established by Evelyn Overton. Evelyn Overton found a recipe in the local newspaper, which inspired her Original Cheesecake. She went into business after making her cheesecake and receiving numerous compliments in 1949. In the late 1950s, she opened a little cheesecake shop in Detroit Michigan Yes , The Cheesecake factory Dubai is the best no compressions with one in USA. Every thing is very fresh and tasty Bang Bang and lulla salad are my favorite
The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 1,550 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #236 of 10,821 restaurants in Dubai The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 1,268 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #160 of 10,630 restaurants in Dubai Get the complete guide & Restaurants review of The Cheesecake Factory - Dubai Mall in Financial Centre Road , Downtown Dubai, Dubai offering features like Live music, Wi-fi and cuisines like - TimeOu The Cheesecake Factory: Cheesecake Factory Dubai - See 1,294 traveler reviews, 664 candid photos, and great deals for Dubai, United Arab Emirates, at TripAdvisor We always plan where to eat whenever we visit Dubaiand for this trip we chose the very much talked about The Cheesecake Factory! This chain of Restaurant is very popular in the US and apparently it is also that popular here In the Middle East
Cheesecake Factory - My Vegan Dubai
Menupages.ae - The Cheesecake Factory (JBR) restaurant, American | Cafe dining in Jumeirah Beach Residence, Dubai. Menupages has professional reviews, rating on the places to eat in Dubai Cheesecake Factory hours and Cheesecake Factory locations along with phone number and map with driving directions. ForLocations, The World's Best For Store Locations. 1,836 Cheesecake-factory jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Server, Dishwasher, Prep Cook and more
Yet, today I was under the weather. I had only half an hour left to prepare iftar, and only thing I could think of was The Cheesecake Factory Chicken Alfredo Fettuccine. So I took the plunge. It was glorious. Exact flavor, consistency and richness. And the perfect balance of garlic and parmesan Join 98,000 visitors and 5,000 exhibitors at the only food trade show that is truly global. The event will back for its 24th edition carrying a new show experience Cheesecake Factory Job Vacancies. The Cheesecake Factory made the upscale easygoing eating section in 1978 with the opening of its first eatery in Beverly Hills, California and even with more than 170 areas, The Cheesecake Factory eateries are generally as extraordinary today as they were in those days!.-Cheesecake Factory Job Vacancies is given below
The Cheesecake Factory - Dubai - Zomat
The Cheesecake Factory Restaurant UAE, last updated on 7 March 2017, is listed under American Restaurants category. It was added to UAE Directory Rinnoo.net on 20 November 2015. Pages of The Cheesecake Factory Restaurant UAE on Rinnoo.net have achieved 36,903 views till now The Cheesecake Factory Dubai Mall - The Dubai Mall Building, Doha Street, Downtown Dubai, 00971 Dubai, United Arab Emirates - rated 4.7 based on 1,009..
The Cheesecake Factory - dubaifestivalcitymall
Aug. 16, 2012- The leading casual dining restaurant in the U.S.A. , The Cheesecake Factory , makes its much-anticipated international debut at The Dubai Mall , opening under a license agreement with Alshaya Trading Co. , W.L.L. on August 16, 2012 Connect with The Cheesecake Factory. You are viewing current thecheesecakefactory.com coupons and discount promotions for May 2019. For more about this website, and its current promotions connect with them on Twitter @Cheesecake, or Faceboo The Cheesecake Factory, Inc. is an American restaurant company and distributor of cheesecakes based in the United States.The company operates 210 full-service restaurants: 194 under The Cheesecake Factory brand, 14 under the Grand Lux Cafe brand and 2 under the RockSugar Pan Asian Kitchen brand 10 Things You Didn't Know About Cheesecake Factory (Slideshow) As opposed to some other chain restaurants (we're looking at you, Olive Garden), the Cheesecake Factory got its start as a mom and pop shop based around a flagship product: cheesecake The Original Cheesecake from The Cheesecake Factory® dates back to the late 1940s, when Evelyn Overton made a cheesecake for her husband's boss. He liked it so much that he asked Evelyn to make a dozen more that he could give as Christmas gifts. That's when Evelyn had the idea of opening a cheesecake shop
Going to dine at The Cheesecake Factory? Check out the full menu for The Cheesecake Factory. When available, we provide pictures, dish ratings, and descriptions of each menu item and its price. Use this menu information as a guideline, but please be aware that over time, prices and menu items may change without being reported to our site Over 30 legendary cheesecakes and desserts. And over 200 menu items, all made fresh from scratch each day. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a fan of The Cheesecake Factory and a paid endorser of the Great Glamburger Challenge.The Cheesecake Factory strives to bring you the best possible food & service
The Cheesecake Factory - alshaya
The Cheesecake Factory is where you want to go for large portions of excellent food. Over 200 menu selections are made fresh from scratch every day, with dishes including everything from soups, salads, and sandwiches, to seafood, steaks, and pastas The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See 1,536 unbiased reviews of The Cheesecake Factory, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #229 of 10,785 restaurants in Dubai Restaurant Supervisor - The Cheesecake Factory vacancy in Dubai, UAE with Alshaya. Search for more Restaurant Supervisor - The Cheesecake Factory jobs in Dubai, UAE and other Middle East countries
Description. The Cheesecake Factory story began back in the 's when. The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai: See unbiased reviews of The good quality food, extensive menu to cater for all and the cheesecakes are to die for!. The Cheesecake Factory, Dubai Picture: Menu. - Check out TripAdvisor members ' candid photos and videos of The Cheesecake. the cheesecake factory at dubai mall is right opposite the dubai aquarium. it's so huge that it has 2 entrances in fact. you can enter through the one opposite the dubai aquarium, or you can enter through the entrance at the gold souk. if you wanna go straight to the cheesecake factory, park your car at 'dubai aquarium'. bam! you're there Another installment of one of America's most recognized chain restaurants, The Cheesecake Factory. This particular one is located in Mission Viejo Mall right next to the Nordstrom entrance. They offer valet parking right outside the restaurant but it cost $7 it looked like when I drove past it yesterday
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College of Forestry
At Oregon State University
Centering Indigenous fire stewardship
Posted on September 2, 2021 by schoppyi	| 1 Reply
For Skye Greenler, a fire ecologist and PhD candidate, fire management has been part of her life from a very young age.
"I grew up on a family farm in Wisconsin that was half organic cropland and half restored tall-grass prairie," says Greenler. "Conducting prescribed prairie burns was a celebration of the changing seasons, and balancing production with sustainability and conservation was an integral part of working on the land."
Her family's prairie management emulated that of upper Midwest and great plains tribes, which instilled a deep interest in the practices of Indigenous fire managers. The farm also taught Greenler to think critically about sustainably using the land, building healthy ecosystems to buffer resources through bad years, and balancing a range of seemingly contradictory objectives— the questions she's still thinking about today.
Greenler is at the forefront of a more holistic perspective in scientific inquiry. She is working to understand how systemically entrenched bureaucracy, patriarchal mindsets of command and control and injustices to underrepresented communities inhibit adaptation to our current fire challenge.
She arrived at OSU excited about the opportunity to study wildfires in one of the most fire-prone landscapes in the nation, where science, management and policy decisions often drive changes in the region and across the country.
Her dissertation focuses on identifying when wildfires can help restore historical and healthy forest conditions in eastern Oregon and northern California. A major part of her dissertation focuses on developing landscape-scale fire models for northern California that incorporate Indigenous fire management practices into cutting-edge fire modeling and management tools.
"This work is a collaboration with Karuk tribal experts, resource managers and scientists. Working together, we will better understand historical forest conditions, implications of different management decisions, and the changes necessary to build future climate and wildfire resilient ecosystems and communities," says Greenler.
Greenler says there is an urgent need to reassess how we manage and live with fire in Oregon and many places across the globe.
"Understanding when, where, and how fire is beneficial on landscapes is critical for us to work towards promoting good fire and coexisting with fire rather than needing to fight and fear all fire," says Greenler.
There is also increasing recognition of the importance of Indigenous fire management in restoring landscape resilience, reducing risk to communities and promoting critical first foods and medicines.
"This work is very place-based and needs to be led by local tribes, not Western scientists, but I see a lot of hope in collaborative work that centers Indigenous fire stewardship and land management," says Greenler.
Greenler hopes that fire scientists can transition to uplifting Indigenous fire management in the following decade and collaboratively create a tangible and substantial space for cultural burning within fire management and landscape restoration.
"In the western United States, wildfire is a natural process that is foundational to maintaining ecosystem health but is increasingly a destructive event that can result in loss of life, property, and valued natural resources," says Greenler. "Science, management, and policy that together can reduce the risk of uncharacteristic, destructive fires, while promoting natural fire and forest processes is critical to restore forest resilience and reduce risk."
Greenler's major professor John Bailey, professor of silviculture and fire management, says she exemplifies the combination of intellectual ability, talent, drive and heart to advance the College of Forestry's mission for research, teaching and outreach.
After receiving a Provost Fellowship, Greenler helped found the Traditional Ecological Knowledge Club, which supports Tribal rights and inclusion in natural resource stewardship, including hosting a recurring conference on Traditional Ecological Knowledge in ecosystem sustainability. She served as the President of the Student Association for Fire Ecology and is one of 100 doctoral students in the U.S. and Canada selected to receive the Scholar Award from the P.E.O. Sisterhood.
Greenler received a master of science degree from Purdue University in 2018 and a bachelor of arts degree in ecology from Colorado College in 2014.
A version of this story appeared in the Fall 2021 issue of Focus on Forestry, the alumni magazine of the Oregon State University College of Forestry.
Posted in current students, focus, research.
One thought on "Centering Indigenous fire stewardship"
Brett Aldrich said on September 23, 2021 at 10:22 pm :
This is fantastic! I applaud all efforts to bridge the gap between western science and indigenous wisdom, especially where wildfire is considered. We absolutely need healthy forests that survive fire, rather than unhealthy forests that go up in flames. Keep up the amazing work!!!
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When Jesus was on earth He promised to send His followers a Helper – the Holy Spirit.What an amazing truth that God Himself comes to dwell within us when we accept Christ's death on the cross as payment for our sin!He helps us overcome sin and come to know God personally.How has the Holy Spirit been your Helper this week?
Jesus sent the Holy Spirit just as He promised.
1. Where did Jesus' special friends wait for the gift Jesus promised?
2. When the disciples were praying what appeared over their heads?
3. What did Jesus give his friends?
4. What did the disciples do a er the Holy Spirit came on them?
After the disciples received the Holy Spirit they began to tell others of the Good News about Jesus. So have your child share his cupcakes with others in the neighborhood and share the Good News with them.
The Holy Spirit appeared as wind to the disciples. Grab a few simple supplies and help your child make a wind sock. Grab a sheet of construction paper and let your child decorate it with stickers, crayons and anything else he wants. Cut red, yellow and orange tissue paper into wide strips and glue them along the edge of the long edge of the piece of construction paper. Roll the paper into a tube and staple the 8- inch side together. Punch two holes into the end of the tube without the streamers. Tie strings to each of these holes and hang it outside so it can catch the wind.
Help your child make a wind twirler that represents the Holy Spirit. Grab a large sheet of fun foam and cut it into a circle and then keep cutting in a spiral towards the middle. Let your child decorate the spiral with other foam shapes or stickers. Punch a hole at the end of the spiral and tie a string to the end. Let your child run around pulling the twirler behind him or tie it to a tree and let the wind twirl it around.
Dear Jesus, thank you for sending your special helper, the Holy Spirit to be with us and help us, just like you promised you would. Help us listen to the Spirit's leading and give us the courage to tell others about your goodness.


Over a Starbucks in her office, the gregarious Managing Director, NBCUniversal Networks Asia-Pacific talks diversity in the workplace with SRi Partner Helen Soulsby.
The Australian-born Economics graduate flashes a smile at me as we settle into the inviting sofa set up in her workspace, and coffee is forthcoming! I am here to interview Christine Fellowes about her views on women in the workplace, and their presence as leaders.
The commonly held (misconceptions) of women business leaders often include descriptions of "hard", "cold" and "aggressive" females. Fellowes' relaxed manner and nature, however, completely belies this outdated stereotype.
I poise my pen, ready to take notes as she shares about how she got her start in the television industry. "I started off in retail fashion actually," confesses Fellowes. "I just wanted to follow my passion so when my friends went on to become merchant bankers, I was working at the back of the shop." It was the right thing to do at the time, for me, but I soon realised that fashion needed to remain my hobby and not my career focus." With this realisation in mind in the years to come, she delved into the world of advertising and the likes of Turner Broadcasting and Omnicom Group, before finally moving to Singapore in 2011 with her family to take up her current appointment.
Fellowes is not afraid of being a trailblazer, back when she took the helm from Raymund Miranda, NBCUniversal had entered the Asian market later than its already-established rivals. While other television channels were vying for viewership for their Hollywood content, Fellowes focused her energy on rejuvenating their portfolio, creating regional content and launching digital services.
Fellowes pauses for a sip of coffee and I make use of the opportunity –– to ask if she has any role model in the industry. Enthused, she rattles off a few names before settling on a senior leader at E! Entertainment who gave her a break in her career. After going through a series of phone interviews, she was finally invited to fly to Los Angeles to meet with the company's management, however being nine months pregnant at the time meant this was going to be slightly tricky. She confesses, laughing and half-embarrassed, that she "went into a defensive tirade about her as a working mother, and that this really does not matter, and she can prove she is right for the job". And yes, she admits she said "I can do it all! to which he responded, "I have seven sisters. I think working mothers are the most time-effective managers. Wait for news." He then put down the phone, turned to a colleague and said "We have to hire her!" Soon after, Fellowes landed the job and had her first revelation of how a leader's attitude can inspire loyalty; a lesson that would influence her future decisions and leadership style.
Curious, I quiz her about female representation in the media industry. In a broad stroke, Fellowes paints it as "high proportions of females across the industry but significantly less so at the senior management level". A thoughtful look on her face, she muses, "Many go on a career break – often after starting a family and they never return – for multiple reasons. [It could be because of a] lack of support or they feel that they have to choose between career and family." This represents a drain of valuable talent from the industry and we need to invest in creating new organizational approaches and structures to retain women and allow them to develop meaningful careers while prioritizing family and accommodating other roles that women hold in the community.
This conversation could go for hours but in the interest of time we move on to the topic of mentoring. "Do you do any mentoring yourself?" She nods in the affirmative, before reciting a list of formal mentorship programs in their company which she is personally involved in. She values the opportunity to interact with next generation talent. "You are often high level as a leader, [overseeing] operations, investments, new business, and at the same time you need to notice what's happening in your organisation." She also highlighted that the gift of mentoring is how much you can learn from those you mentor, whether it be in the context of trends in social and technology or cultural nuances around peoples' views of leadership across the globe.
"You need to show [your team] that it's important to have a multi-layered life," emphasises Fellowes. The importance of leaders developing a social presence is crucial, as it will help in forging connections with millennials as well as the broader employee base. "You know what – it's great to have a gym bag in your office and take time out to exercise in the day. It's okay to have family photos and personal effects around you". And she believes this sets an important tone that trickles down to all staff, recognising authentic leadership, – with scope for true diversity in the workplace and ultimately creating a more effective result. Organisations can support this by developing employee-directed social outreach initiatives; it helps to make employees feel they are contributing to the community we work in and valued as a member of the organisation. "Encourage them to bring their whole selves to work," was her final remark and one that has stayed with me.
As a recent Forbes article highlighted – bringing our whole selves to work means showing up authentically, leading with humility, and remembering that we're all vulnerable, imperfect human beings doing the best we can.
From our discussion, it is clear that Fellowes and NBCU are committed to creating an environment that encourages and enables this type of authenticity and humanity. Diversity and innovation across all areas will surely thrive within it.
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text:
function [ data ] = filterData( rawData, lowerCutoff, upperCutoff )
%filterData Puts the raw EMG data through a band pass filter
%   Returns a filtered EMG signal. The band pass filter ranges from
%   lowerCutoff Hz to upperCutoff Hz. rawData must be in the format
%   returned from getData

samplingRate = 960; %Hz
% lowerCutoff = 20; %Hz
% upperCutoff = 250; %Hz

numCoefs = 60;
rollOff = 100; %dB

if(lowerCutoff == 0)
    % Low pass
    Wn = upperCutoff/(samplingRate/2);
    filterCoefs = fir1(numCoefs, Wn, 'low', chebwin(numCoefs+1,rollOff));
else
    % Band pass
    Wn = [lowerCutoff/(samplingRate/2) upperCutoff/(samplingRate/2)];
    filterCoefs = fir1(numCoefs, Wn, chebwin(numCoefs+1,rollOff));
end

data(:,1) = filter(filterCoefs,1,rawData(:,1));
data(:,2) = rawData(:,2);

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Wojciech Rogalski vel Adalbert Ritter Rogalski von Puch (ur. 10 kwietnia 1868 w miejscowości  Skale, zamordowany został  przez NKWD w 1940 lub 1941 we Lwowie) – lekarz wojskowy, oficer cesarskiej i królewskiej armii i Legionów Polskich oraz tytularny generał dywizji Wojska Polskiego, kawaler Orderu Virtuti Militari.

Życiorys
Urodził się w rodzinie ziemiańskiej Wojciecha i Antoniny ze Szczurowskich. Pierwsze nauki pobierał w Tarnopolu. maturę zdał w 1888 w gimnazjum bernardyńskim we Lwowie. następnie studiował medycynę na Wydziale Lekarskim Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Po ukończeniu studiów i uzyskaniu w 1893 tytułu doktora n. medycznych wstąpił jako jednoroczny ochotnik do armii austriackiej, zostając lekarzem wojskowym w Szpitalu Garnizonowym nr 15 w Krakowie. Pozostał w wojsku. Od 1897 w stopniu kapitana, a od 1910 majora), był lekarzem w 56 pułku piechoty, stacjonującym w Wadowicach, gdzie m.in. prowadził kursy sanitarne dla członków Związku Strzeleckiego "Strzelec" i Polskiego Towarzystwa Gimnastycznego "Sokół".

22 września 1914 został odkomenderowany do Legionów Polskich, gdzie pełnił funkcję szefa sanitarnego w Komendzie Legionów u boku gen. gen. Durskiego i Puchalskiego.

Szczególnie odznaczył się podczas walk, kiedy "pod Młotkowem osobiście kierował akcją opatrunkową, pomimo silnego ostrzału: w ofensywie lubelskiej i poleskiej wyróżniał się poświęceniem i odwagą". Za te postawy otrzymał Order Virtuti Militari.

Od 1916 służył w Polskim Korpusie Posiłkowym. Po buncie korpusu przeciwko postanowieniom Traktatu brzeskiego został internowany w obozie Chust i potem – Marmarosz-Sziget na terenie ówczesnych Węgier. Mimo internowania władze austriackie awansowały go w 1918 na stopień starszego lekarza sztabowego 2. klasy (Oberstabsarzt 2. Kl.) z rangą podpułkownika. W tym samym roku oskarżono go jako poddanego austriackiego, który wziął udział w buncie legionistów, o zdradę stanu. Procesu jednak nie wszczęto i w rezultacie ponownie wcielono go do c.k. armii, a następnie wysłano na front włoski do oddziałów walczących nad rzeką Piawą.

Po zakończeniu I wojny światowej wstąpił w grudniu 1918 do Wojska Polskiego i wziął udział w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. 1 maja 1920 otrzymał rangę generała brygady. W 1921 objął funkcję komendanta Szpitala Ujazdowskiego w Warszawie. W tym samym roku został mianowany szefem sanitarnym Dowództwa Okręgu Korpusu nr I w Warszawie, a w 1924 objął funkcję inspektora wojskowych zakładów sanitarnych. W październiku 1925 został wyznaczony na stanowisko I inspektora wojskowej służby zdrowia.

5 lutego 1927 Prezydent RP mianował go generałem dywizji, wyłącznie z prawem do tytułu, z dniem przeniesienia w stan spoczynku – 30 kwietnia 1927.

Po przejściu na emeryturę otworzył prywatną praktykę lekarską w Warszawie. Do września 1939 mieszkał przy ul. Śmiałej 49. Agresja Niemiec na Polskę skłoniła go do wyjazdu do Lwowa. Po zajęciu miasta przez Armię Czerwoną został aresztowany przez Sowietów i osadzony w Brygidkach, więzieniu politycznym stworzonym w dawnym klasztorze sióstr Brygidek. W 1940 lub 1941 został w nim zamordowany przez NKWD.

Po zdobyciu Lwowa przez Wehrmacht 29 czerwca 1941 Niemcy znaleźli w Brygidkach ok. 3000 gnijących zwłok ludzkich, ułożonych w wielu warstwach w dawnych celach klasztornych. Zbrodnię tę następnie wykorzystała dla swoich celów propaganda goebbelsowska.

Zwłoki generała odkryto w masowym grobie. Rodzina wzniosła mu pomnik na Cmentarzu Wojskowym na Powązkach w Warszawie (kwatera A21-4-6).

Życie prywatne
Rodzicami gen. Rogalskiego byli: Wojciech, pochodzący z galicyjskiej rodziny ziemiańskiej aptekarz, i Antonina z Szczurowskich. Jego żoną zaś była Maria z Dubskich. Miał z nią trzech synów: Stanisława (ur. 1904) – światowej sławy konstruktora lotniczego, Mariana (ur. 1905) – lekarza (miał gabinet w Alejach Jerozolimskich 101) i Wojciecha (ur. 1915) – inżyniera mechanika.

Ordery i odznaczenia
 Krzyż Srebrny Orderu Virtuti Militari nr 7493
 Krzyż Komandorski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (2 maja 1923)
 Krzyż Niepodległości (2 sierpnia 1931)
 Krzyż Walecznych
 Złoty Krzyż Zasługi (dwukrotnie: 19 marca 1937, 5 lipca 1939)
 Kawaler Orderu Żelaznej Korony III klasy (Austro-Węgry)
 Krzyż Zasługi Wojskowej III klasy (Austro-Węgry)

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950, Band IX, Wien, 1988.
 Tadeusz Piotrowski: Polish Holocaust. New York, 1998.
 Polski Słownik Biograficzny. T. XXXI. Wrocław etc. 1988–89.
 Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski: Nie ostatnie słowo oskarżonego (przyp. Arkadiusz Adamczyk), Warszawa 2003.
 Spis Abonentów Warszawskiej Sieci Telefonów PAST i Rządowej Warszawskiej Sieci Okręgowej. Warszawa, 1939.

Linki zewnętrzne

 Wojciech Rogalski (Puch-Rogalski), Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny [dostęp 2021-12-29].

Członkowie Komendy Legionów Polskich 1914–1918 (Austro-Węgry)
Członkowie Polskiego Towarzystwa Gimnastycznego "Sokół"
Generałowie i admirałowie II Rzeczypospolitej – ofiary represji komunistycznych
Internowani w Huszt
Internowani w Syhocie Marmaroskim
Ludzie urodzeni w Skale Podolskiej
Odznaczeni dwukrotnie Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi (II Rzeczpospolita)
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Komandorskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (II Rzeczpospolita)
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Niepodległości
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Srebrnym Orderu Virtuti Militari (II Rzeczpospolita)
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Walecznych
Oficerowie lekarze II Rzeczypospolitej przeniesieni do korpusu generałów
Oficerowie lekarze Legionów Polskich 1914–1918
Polacy i obywatele polscy – więźniowie Brygidek (1939–1941)
Polacy i obywatele polscy straceni przez organa ZSRR w okupowanej Polsce 1939–1941
Polacy odznaczeni Krzyżem Zasługi Wojskowej
Polacy odznaczeni Orderem Korony Żelaznej
Polacy w I wojnie światowej
Polskie ofiary represji stalinowskich
Starsi lekarze sztabowi 2. klasy cesarskiej i królewskiej Armii
Tytularni generałowie dywizji II Rzeczypospolitej
Uczestnicy wojny polsko-bolszewickiej (strona polska)
Urodzeni w 1868
Zmarli w 1940

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A development of an acquisition of the characteristic of a solar panel by automatic load variation system is put into play and coupled to an instrumentation chain for taking account of temperature. A programmed digital microprocessor control enables this automation. Design and implementation of a device for automation of variations of the resistive load are powered by solar panel. It is provided by a PIC 16F877A running a computer program that we have developed on the basis of an algorithm according to the operation that we have set. By varying automatically the resistive load, we were able to automatically acquire the characteristic I-V and temperature of the solar panel. With automatic combinations of the 10 resistors, we have obtained 1024 measures of the characteristic curve of the solar cell which has a good accuracy. The change in load and temperature measurement allows us to have the characteristic curves parameterized by temperature.
The use of solar panels as an energy producer has revealed a real need to study it in order to optimize and therefore develop the exploitation of this source of clean renouvenable energy  . The research has shown that the functioning of the solar panels is strongly dependent on several parameters: some are external i.e. sunshine and temperature and other internal such as the development of device technology  .
Therefore, the experiment should lead to results similar to the theory  .
Thus, to cope the demand and competition from other energy sources, it is necessary to have a good knowledge on the conversion process of sunlight which will allow designing powerful solar cells and low cost   .
Our study focuses on the characteristic I-V and the temperature of a solar cell using an experimental device automatic of the resistive load with a microcontroller   that is running a C language program code   .
With the automation of the change in operating point, based on a mathematical control law, we can impose a particular operation for the study of a phenomenon with given parameters.
Also we can move from static study to dynamic study with the same experimental device. This work helps to characterize the solar cell to optimize its use.
The basic circuit for the characterization of the solar generator is shown in Figure 1.
We designed a device who gets this characterization so the microcontroller will execute two programs: a program for the static mode and one for the dynamic mode.
We have set up a device consisting of a together of resistor in parallel. Electronic Digital will allow us to remotely control the value of an equivalent electrical resistance   , which is shown in the following Figure 2.
The n resistors into play participate of the association the parallel of resistance following the binary state attributed to them.
Figure 1. Schematic representation for the characterization of the solar panel.
Figure 2. Schematic representation for a solar panel automatic characterization.
Notice that this equivalent resistance is a numerical function given in terms of Ti  .
This digital function has a countable number N of defined values. The following relationship expresses N in terms of n  and is given by  .
We chose as switches of the transistors and this Figure 3 is a schematic of principle characterization  .
So with our transistors that operate in switching mode, we have operating points. Corresponding to to our example and thus of 1024 current-voltage couples.
The equivalent resistance is obtained by the binary signals produced by the sequence and that is applied to the transistors.
This will make that D is a whole integer with value 2n defined: 0 à which will make 1024 value  .
As D is a function of T and Réq also, so we can express Réq with D.
Figure 3. Schematic of principle for the solar panel automatic characterization.
With N = 10, we arbitrarily assigned to the lowest resistance of value 10 and from equation 7 we obtain the following Table 1.
The sensor is placed directly on the solar panel. Indeed, according to the technical data we consulted, manufacturers offer solar panels operating in a temperature range between −40˚C and 85˚C. So that with a solar panel whose maximum operating temperature Tmax = 85˚C, we will have a voltage.
This voltage is low compared to the voltage which the microcontroller used for conversion which is between 0 - 5 V. In addition to this, the temperature is an analog quantity. The goal is to use all the microcontroller conversion range for better accuracy; we will have to use an amplifier. The characteristic amplifier is adapted to solar panels having operating temperatures between −40˚C and 85˚C. We can look Figure 4.
Table 1. Values for resistances regularized.
Figure 4. Diagram of the amplifier.
This leads with a voltage of 5 V we will gain: 5 V = 0.85 ´ G where G = 5.88.
As the temperature an analog quantity and the peak processes digital data it will have to use a digital to analog converter to pass the signal peak.
The first time the signal to be converted is applied to the input to convert this signal must be present at least during the time Tacq (acquisition time of about 20 μS to 5 V).
The converter is shown schematically in Figure 5.
The minimum conversion time is 12 TAD (TAD is the conversion time depending on the internal clock, typically 1.6 μS).
Figure 5. Wiring of the analog to digital converter.
A conversion always begins by making 1 GO/DONE bit of ADCON0 register. When the conversion is complete this bit back to 0.
So to read the result in the ADRESL and ADRESH records and just wait that bit GO/DONE changes to 0  .
-The number of analog inputs.
-The number of digital inputs.
With a fairly complete calculator, its timers, its reversible digital ports, and its digital to analog converters, our choice was focused on the 16F877 Pic.
Ÿ Two output ports to each 8-bit of the microprocessor are cabled of the base resistances of the transistors.
Ÿ An input PORT to 8-bit.
Ÿ An input PORT at 6-bits for the analog conversion.
Ÿ A PORT 8-bit output is wired to the decoders for 7 segment display.
This part is developed a basic algorithm for the study is the static regime is transient dynamic conditions. The choice of plan to study is through a manual switch K. The device is switched on by a push button S. The shutdown of the device is via a pushbutton R that is wired to the microprocessor initialization input. Thus, the system shutdown is not supported by the program resulting from the algorithm. The delay time between two consecutive states is via a button V. The base resistance RB is used to fix the current for controlling the switching of the transistors. We schematize our control program in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Programmable ordering of processus experimental automatic of solar panel.
Our program is shown in Figure 7.
This work was performed in the laboratory of the Semiconductor and Solar Energy (LASES) of the Faculty of Science and Technology in Dakar. Here is our diagram of the automatic experimental processus for the solar panel which is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 7. Algorithmic representation of ordering of resistance to digital control.
Our PCB (printed circuit board) is shown in Figure 9.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 35˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
Figure 8. Diagram of the automatic experimental processes for the solar panel.
Figure 9. PCB (printed circuit board) artwork of the experimental device.
Figure 10. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 35˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
Figure 11. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 36˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.3˚C.
Figure 12. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 37˚C under an ambient temperature of 32.3˚C.
Figure 13. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 38˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
Figure 14. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 39˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.5˚C.
Figure 15. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 40˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
Figure 16. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 42˚C under an ambient temperature of 34.8˚C.
Figure 17. Curves I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 45˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.8˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 36˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.3˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 37˚C under an ambient temperature of 32.3˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 38˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 39˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.5˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 40˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.1˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 42˚C under an ambient temperature of 34.8˚C.
The I-V characteristic in the static mode under illumination polychromatic at 45˚C under an ambient temperature of 33.8˚C.
Here is an example below to calculate current and voltage. Throughout our handling we took 1 V/div for voltage and 0.1 V/div for current see following Figure 18.
This work was performed in the laboratory of the Semiconductor and Solar Energy (LASES) of the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Dakar.
It allowed us to design and implement an automatic experimental device for the acquisition of the characteristic I-V and temperature for solar panel silicon.
The concept of resistance equivalent to several cable resistors in parallel to obtain a digitally controlled variable resistor has been highlighted.
The electronic binary signals have helped us through static switches considered here as transistors, for changing the wiring resistance of the parallel combination.
For this we used a microcontroller that executed a C language program.
Figure 18. Curves I-V of the solar panel for polychromatic illumination.
circuit and a decrease in the open circuit voltage Voc. Thus it means that the temperature rise causes a slight increase in the creation of electron-hole pairs. Finally the work has allowed us to become familiar with some components such as the microprocessor.
In this section, we present our execution program of our simulation.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the managements of laboratory of the Semiconductor and Solar Energy (LASES) of the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Dakar, Polytechnic School of Thiès, Sénégal Université Alioune DIOP de Bambey, Sénégal and the University Institute of Technology, University of Thiès, Sénégal.
1. Sdeepika, P. and Gayad Khan, G.Md. (2014) Analysis of Mathematical Model of PV Cell Module in Matlab/Simulink Environment. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 3, 7823-7829.
2. Hamrouni, N., Jraidi, M. and Chérif, A. (2008) Solar Radiation and Ambient Temperature Effects on the Performances of a PV Pumping System. Revue des Energies Renouvelables, 11, 95-106.
3. Barro, F.I., Seidou Maiga, A., Wereme, A. and Sissoko, G. (2010) Determination of Recombination Parameters in the Base of a Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell under Constant Multispectral Light. Physical and Chemical News, 56, 76-84.
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5. Surya Kumari, J. and SaiBabu, Ch. (2012) Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell Using Matlab-Simulink Environment. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2, 26-34.
6. Djerroud, S. and BoudgheneStambouli, A. (2010) Mise au point d'un dispositif automatique de caractérisation du module solaire à base d'un microcontr?leur PIC16F877 Application au module solaire hybride en a-Si:H. Revue des Energies Renouvelables, 13, 613-623.
7. Bendib, T., Barkat, B., Djeffal, F., Hamia, N. and Nidhal, A. (2008) Commande automatique d'un système de poursuite solaire à deux axes à base d'un microcontroleur PIC16F84A. Revue des Energies Renouvelables, 11, 523-532.
8. Ousmane Sow, M., Diarisso, D., Saliou Diallo, M. and Mbodji, A. (2013) Experimental Device for Acquisition of Properties I-V and V (T) of the Solar By Automatic Change Operating Point. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 2, 330-334.
9. Diarisso, D., Diallo, M.S., Diao, A., Sow, O., Gaye, I., Barro, F.I. and Sissoko, G. (2013) Development of Battery Charge/Discharge Regulator for Photovoltaic Systems. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 2, 231-234.
10. Microchip Datasheet (1999) PIC 16F87x: 28/40 pin CMOS Flash Microcontrollers. MicrochipTechnology Inc., DS30292B.
11. Bigonoff (2003) La Programmation des PIC par Bigonoff. Seconde Partie (PIC16F876- 16F877), 7ème Révision.
12. Mayeux, P. (2002) Apprendre la Programmation des PIC par l'Expérimentation et la Simulation. plus un CD-ROOM, ETSF 2ème édition.
13. Fabert, J.-Y. (2005) Sciences industrielles: Automatismes et automatique. Edition Ellipses, Paris.
14. Neffati, T. (2003) Electricité générale: Analyse et synthèse des circuits. Edition DUNOD, Paris.
15. Merat, R., Moreau, R., Allay, L., Dubos, J.-P., Lafargue, J. and Legoff, R. (2001) Electronique numérique. Edition Nathan/VUEF, Paris.


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text:
\section{Introduction}
Nowadays, few-cycle pulses are routinely generated from state-of-the-art high-power, high-energy ultrafast laser amplifier systems, by using parametric amplification\,\cite{budriunas201753,mecseki2019high}, combined with nonlinear compression in noble-gas-filled hollow capillaries\,\cite{nagy2019generation,jeong2018direct,fan202170}, multipass cells\,\cite{balla2020postcompression,muller2021multipass}, or multiplate arrangements\,\cite{lu2014generation,lu2019greater,Seo:2020}. However, such amplifier-based few-cycle systems are usually complex, costly and are typically limited to kHz repetition rates.
While high-power multi-MHz repetition rate-systems have great potential to enhance (time-resolved) spectroscopic applications,
efficient compression schemes to reach below 10 fs are still to be developed. Promising applications for such systems are single-pass\,\cite{hadrich2015exploring} or resonator-enhanced \cite{pupeza2013compact} extreme-ultraviolet generation \cite{gohle2005frequency}, terahertz \cite{meyer2019milliwatt,barbiero2020broadband} and mid-infrared\,(MIR) generation\,\cite{pupeza2020field}. Kerr-lens mode-locked (KLM) Yb:YAG thin-disk (TD) oscillators with their ability in delivering more than 100\,W average power with pulse durations below 200\,fs, combine high peak and high average powers in a relative compact setup \cite{brons2018chapter}. The narrow bandwidth of the gain medium, however, limits the direct use of these powerful sources in ultrafast applications\,\cite{korner2014spectroscopic}, and efficient extra-cavity broadening remains an essential ingredient towards applications that demand ultrashort pulses.

Various approaches utilizing self-phase modulation have been employed so far to overcome the limited bandwidth of KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators: gas-filled Kagomè photonic crystal fibers (PCF) offer an efficient way for temporal pulse compression, and were shown to yield 9.1\,fs with 14.5\,W average power, in two subsequent stages \cite{mak2015compressing}. However, this approach showed increased susceptibility to damage at high-average and peak powers.
Additionally, fibers are alignment sensitive and couple pointing-drifts to laser power fluctuations. Broadening in multiple plates of bulk material \cite{seidel2016all, seidel2017efficient}, proved to be a valuable alternative reaching 17\,fs. Here, the nonlinear distortion of the beam caused by self-focusing led to a degradation of the beam quality after two stages of bulk media and required additional spatial filtering, limiting the achievable throughput efficiency\,\cite{seidel2016all}. In recent years, efficient and robust compression of KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators with multipass cells \cite{meyer2019milliwatt, weitenberg2017multi, schulte2016nonlinear, Grobmeyer:2020,  fritsch2018all} has been shown. Multipass cells consist of focusing elements (concave dispersive mirrors) and a nonlinear medium into which the beam is imaged several times. However, the damage threshold of the optical elements and the requirement of accurate dispersion compensation over a large spectral bandwidth limited this approach to the generation of 15\,fs pulses \cite{fritsch2018all}. For further compression towards shorter pulse durations, a different broadening and compression scheme is required.

We implement a hybrid compression scheme for KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators combining two different approaches in sequential stages: two multipass cells followed by a multiplate compression stage. A similar approach with a multipass cell and multiplate arrangement has been used to compress a mode-locked TD oscillator to 27\,fs at 98\,W\,\cite{tsai2019efficient}.  Here, we demonstrate compression of 220\,fs pulses with 84\,W from a KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillator at 1030\,nm to the sub-10\,fs regime with high optical efficiency of 65\%. One typical application of such a few-cycle near-infrared driving source with high peak power is the generation of broadband carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable MIR pulses by intra-pulse difference frequency generation (IDFG) \cite{pupeza2015high,zhang2019intra}. Since the shortest wavelength in the generated IDFG output is achieved by mixing the outer wings of the driving laser spectrum, using ultrashort driving pulses is possible to generate MIR radiation in the short-wavelength region. As a proof of principle study, the compressed high-power few-cycle pulses demonstrated here are employed for IDFG in LiIO$_3$, resulting in a broadband CEP-stable MIR continuum spanning the 2.4-8\,$\mu$m spectral range.

\section{Experimental setup and results}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[clip,trim=0.35cm 0.35cm 0.35cm 0.25cm,width=0.6\columnwidth]{fig1_TP_scheme_8.pdf}
\caption{Schematic of the hybrid-nonlinear compression setup. The oscillator output is spectrally broadened and compressed in three nonlinear stages. Two consecutive multipass cells compress the oscillator's output to 17\,fs. The third stage is based on multiplate arrangements, reaching a pulse duration of 8.5\,fs. CMs: chirped mirrors.}
\label{fig:TPs_scheme}
\end{figure}

The layout of the experimental setup is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:TPs_scheme}. The driving laser is a high-power KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillator, delivering 100\,W average power at 16\,MHz repetition rate with a pulse duration of 220\,fs \cite{brons2016powerful}. While 16\,W of the output power is already used for other experiments, the residual 84\,W of the oscillator output are compressed to 17\,fs in two consecutive Herriott-type multipass cells, similar to those depicted in reference\,\cite{barbiero2020broadband}. The first multipass cell is based on two curved dispersive mirrors with radius of curvature (ROC) of 300\,mm, and group delay dispersion (GDD) of -110\,fs$^2$ for 200\,nm spectral bandwidth centered at 1030\,nm. A 6.35-mm thick, anti-reflection (AR)-coated fused silica (FS) plate is used as the nonlinear medium. After 34 passes through the medium, the beam is coupled out and compressed to 49\,fs by 8 bounces on chirped mirrors with a total GDD of -2400\,fs$^2$. The second multipass cell is based on two curved dispersive mirrors with ROC of 300\,mm, and GDD of -60\,fs$^2$ for 450\,nm spectral bandwidth centered at 1030\,nm. A 3\,mm-thick, AR-coated FS plate is used as the nonlinear medium. After 22 passes through the medium, the beam is coupled out and compressed to 17\,fs, close to the Fourier-limit (16\,fs), with 2 bounces on chirped mirrors with a total GDD of -220\,fs$^2$.

Our hybrid compression scheme includes an additional stage to reach the sub-10\,fs regime: a quasi-waveguide in thin plates. As shown in Fig.\ref{fig:TPs_scheme}, four uncoated sapphire plates are placed after the focus of a lens with $f$ = 250\,mm. The plate thicknesses are 1\,mm for the first plate and 0.5\,mm for the other three plates, respectively. After the plates, the beam is re-collimated by another lens and sent to a chirped-mirror compressor with a total GDD of -150\,fs$^2$.

As with other types of quasi-waveguides \cite{meyer2019milliwatt, weitenberg2017multi, schulte2016nonlinear, Grobmeyer:2020,  fritsch2018all}, in this frontend self-phase modulation (SPM) is the main effect exploited to achieve spectral broadening, but nonlinear phase shift per plate is limited such that the spatial and temporal quality of the input beam is maintained after the plates \cite{He:2017, lu2014generation}. For the multiplate waveguide described in this work, the reduction of peak intensity due to material dispersion is not compensated via recompression with dispersive optics as for the multipass cells. Instead, the peak intensity required for SPM is maintained by a reduction of the beam size on successive plates, induced by self-focusing in each plate. The simulated caustic of the self-focused beams was modelled analytically with the \emph{ReZonator2} software\,\cite{ReZonator2}, and is shown in Fig. 2(a), demonstrating the beam-size reduction for consecutive plates.

At the front surface of each plate the beam is divergent with the self-focus located after the back surface. The limit of this waveguide setup is reached when the self-focusing-induced reduction of beam size does not suffice anymore to compensate the material-induced disperson and pulse stretching in the time domain. At this point, the peak power falls below the critical power for self-focusing, such that no further self-focusing can occur.

Different parameters have to be taken into account for the design of the quasi-waveguide. (i) The material should offer a high nonlinear refractive index and high damage threshold for maximum broadening. Four different materials have been tested: fused silica, quartz, YAG and sapphire. With sapphire, the broadest spectrum was achieved without damaging the plate. (ii) The thickness of each plate not only determines SPM, but also the induced self-focusing, and thus the beam size for the subsequent plate. (iii) The beam size on the front surface of each plate is determined by its position with respect to the lens and previous plate(s).

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[clip,trim=0.2cm 0.75cm 0.1cm 0.25cm,width=0.6\columnwidth]{fig2_TPs_Characterization_0-4_res.pdf}}
\caption{(a)\,Modelled caustic of the input beam along the plates with the \emph{ReZonator2} software \cite{ReZonator2}. FROG retrieved (blue) spectra with spectral phase for the input pulse (b), and after passage through each thin plate (c)-(f). Simulated (orange) spectra with spectral phase employing the Python package PyNLO, are shown for comparison.}\label{fig:TPs_Characterization_0-4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[clip,trim=0 0 0 0,width=0.75\columnwidth]{fig3_TPs_Characterization_v4.pdf}}
\caption{Temporal and power stability characterization of the multiplate setup. (a) Measured and (b) retrieved SH-FROG spectrograms of the thin plates intensity waveguide after the chirp-mirrors compressor (G-error $=$ 0.67\%). (c) Retrieved spectrum. The red dashed line represents the spectral phase. (d) Retrieved temporal profile. (e) Average power stability measured over 1\,h with 1\,Hz sampling frequency.}
\label{fig:TPs_Characterization}
\end{figure}

Different combinations of sapphire plates with thicknesses ranging from 0.25\,mm to 5\,mm have been tested. The highest spectral broadening is achieved with a divergent input beam. The higher the divergence, the higher the required positioning precision for the plate along the beam path. This is a consequence of the smaller range between the two beam radii where the intensity is sufficient for self-focusing and where the intensity is above the damage threshold of the plate. The $\mu$J-level pulse energy after the multipass cells implied a small beam size on the order of 100 microns for sufficient self-focusing effects. For this reason, each plate is placed close to the focus, and the relative distances between the plates are very small, on the order of 5\,mm. This strongly limited the space between the plates, and therefore all plates are positioned at the same Brewster angle and not at complementary Brewster angles as in e.g. \cite{Seo:2020}.

The focal length of the lens was chosen to be 250\,mm and the best broadening result after the first plate was obtained with a 1-mm thick sapphire plate, where damage of the plate only occurs at the focus. The subsequent plates are positioned as follows: each plate is placed after the focus and moved towards the focus till the highest broadening is reached without damaging of the plate or distortion of the output beam. The divergent beam after the last plate is then re-collimated by an identical lens ($f$ = 250\,mm), and a portion of the broadened spectrum is characterized by a spectrometer for comparison. The material dispersion of the plates stretches the pulses to 80\,fs. The output beam is re-compressed by 4 bounces on chirped mirrors with a total GDD of -150\,fs$^2$. The total optical efficiency of the multiplate stage including the chirped mirrors is 80\%.

The effect of each plate with respect to spectral broadening and phase is shown in Fig.\ref{fig:TPs_Characterization_0-4}(b)-(f) (blue). The spectral broadening was simulated by solving the nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta in the Interaction Picture (RK4IP) method using the Python package PyNLO\,\cite{hult2007fourth}, assuming constant beam diameters within the plates. The comparison of simulated\,(orange) and experimental\,(blue) spectra in Fig. \ref{fig:TPs_Characterization_0-4}(b)-(f) shows good agreement up to the third plate. After this point, for accurate comparison between experimental data and simulations, careful full-field 4D simulation taking into account spatial-temporal coupling would be required \cite{Hanna:2017}, which were outside the scope of this work.

The compressed pulses after the chirped mirrors are characterized by second-harmonic frequency resolved optical gating (SH-FROG), employing a 10\,$\mu$m-thick beta-barium borate crystal. The measured and retrieved spectrograms, the spectrum and the temporal profile are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:TPs_Characterization}(a)-(d). The temporal profile shows that the pulses are re-compressed to 8.5\,fs (FWHM), close to the Fourier-limit of 8.1\,fs. In addition to a remarkable temporal compression, high power and beam pointing stability after the multiplate setup are measured. The average power root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuations are only 0.17\% over 1 hour (Fig. \ref{fig:TPs_Characterization}(e)). The RMS beam pointing fluctuations are 0.7\% within 1 hour. The output beam profile has an M$^2$ value of 1.29 and 1.40, in $x$ and $y$ directions, respectively (ISO 11146 measured with M$^2$-200s, Ophir-Spiricon LLC).

\section{Broadband mid-infrared generation}

As a simple approach to generate broadband MIR pulses, IDFG driven by femtosecond pulses \cite{pires2015ultrashort,pupeza2015high} has intrinsic CEP-stability yielding highly reproducible MIR waveforms. Here, we demonstrate that the compressed 8.5-fs pulses from our oscillator system can generate an MIR continuum spanning from 2.4 to 8\,$\mu$m.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[clip,trim=0.75cm 0.4cm 1cm 0,width=0.6\columnwidth]{fig4_MIR_new.pdf}}
\caption{Broadband short-range MIR generation by IDFG. (a) Schematic of MIR generation and characterization setup.  (b) The generated MIR spectrum in 0.3\,mm, 1\,mm, and 2\,mm LiIO$_3$ crystals. Inset: measured beam profile after 2\,mm crystal and a 2400\,nm long-pass filter (LP2400- 33-969, Edmund Optics Ltd.). BS: beam splitter, OAP: off-axis parabola, LP: long-pass filter.}
\label{fig:MIR}
\end{figure}

As depicted in Fig.\ref{fig:MIR}(a), the 8.5\,fs pulses are focused into LiIO$_3$ crystal with an $f$\,=\,300\,mm lens. The crystal is oriented to evenly distribute the p-polarized input pulses along the extraordinary and the ordinary axes for type-I phase matching. The generated MIR radiation is separated by a tailored ZnSe beam splitter (UltraFast Innovations GmbH, F3-S161108) and then re-collimated by a gold-coated off-axis parabolic mirror with focal length of 101.6\,mm. A 2400\,nm long-pass filter is used to remove the residual pump radiation transmitted through the beam splitter. After the long-pass filter the MIR radiation is characterized by a power meter and a monochromator (Newport Cornerstone 260).

The crystals (EKSMA Optics, UAB) used in this work had broadband AR coatings for the incident NIR light and different thicknesses: 2\,mm, 1\,mm, and 0.3\,mm. The highest average powers measured before damage of the crystal, are 72\,mW, 16\,mW, and 1.1\,mW, respectively. The corresponding IDFG spectra are shown in Fig.\ref{fig:MIR}(b). To suppress second-order diffraction of the monochromator, three long-pass filters with cut-on wavelengths at 2.4, 4.5, and 7.3\,$\mu$m are used and the spectra merged \cite{zhang2019intra}. For the 0.3\,mm crystal, the spectral coverage spanned almost two octaves, from 2.4\,$\mu$m to 8\,$\mu$m within a $10^{-3}$ dynamic range. While in previous IDFG experiments driven by KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators with 16 fs pulses only wavelengths down to 3\,$\mu$m could be covered\,\cite{zhang2019intra}, the current results show spectral coverage down to 2.4\,$\mu$m.

\section{Conclusions}
In conclusion, an efficient hybrid compression scheme for KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators was demonstrated. The setup consisted of two consecutive multipass cells and a waveguide-type multiplate stage. With an overall efficiency of 65\%, we achieved 8.5\,fs pulses at 16\,MHz with 55\,W average power and excellent long-term power and beam pointing stability from a simple setup. The generated few-cycle pulses from KLM Yb:YAG TD oscillators open up many applications, such as the generation ultrabroadband MIR radiation for time-resolved spectroscopy. Intra-pulse difference frequency generation in LiIO$_3$ generated a broadband MIR continuum spanning from 2.4 to 8\,$\mu$m. The high repetition rate combined with the high intensity and the remarkable stability of this system paves the way for future applications that require high intensities, such as further spectral broadening, broadband frequency up/down-conversion, and new applications in ultrafast spectroscopy.

\section*{Funding}
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (LMUexcellent); Max-Planck Gesellschaft (MPG) (IMPRS-APS, MPSP, Fellow Program).

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We are grateful to Ferenc Krausz for his support and for providing suitable laboratory space. We acknowledge help by Jonathan Brons for his support regarding the oscillator, and Kafai Mak and Alexander Weigel for useful discussions and proofreading. G.B., H.W. and D.K. are grateful for support by the International Max Planck Research School on Advanced Photon Science (IMPRS-APS). D.K. and M.F.K. acknowledge support by the Max Planck School of Photonics (MPSP), and M.F.K. is grateful for support by the Max Planck Society within their Max Planck Fellow program.

\section*{Disclosures} The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

\section*{Data Availability Statement}
The data will be provided upon reasonable request from the authors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Aval Oru Sindhu is a 1989 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. K. Krishnan. The film stars Sathaar, Kuthiravattam Pappu, Ravi Menon and Sudheer in the lead roles. The film's musical score is by Rajamani.

Cast
Sathaar
Kuthiravattam Pappu
KES Brahmakulam
Ravi Menon
Sudheer
T. G. Ravi
Jayalalita

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Rajamani and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader.

References

External links

1989 films
1980s Malayalam-language films