On life in New York City with a young family, the importance of journaling, handwriting and reflection plus the story behind his Clarity Cards.
Today's guest is Mathias Jakobsen who is the creator of Think Clearly. Born in Denmark, he founded his first company at age fifteen building digital solutions for companies. Powered by digital, he later branched into fashion journalism and photography before moving to New York City where he worked as an advisor and consultant for startup CEOs and corporate executives. He has worked with Bloomberg, Google, Hyper Island, Carrot Creative, Holstee, The Wharton School and many more. Mathias talks about his love for New York City, how he deals with burnout, how he handles social media in his life, and about his Clarity Cards.
Welcome to the show, Mathias.
Thank you, Clare. It's good to be here.
Tell us a little bit about your journey from Denmark to New York City.
The interesting thing to talk about here in the context of this podcast, specifically the topic of urban and cities, was that up until the second year in high school I saw really no purpose in traveling anywhere. I was fine where I was living. The only problem was that there were no mountains in Denmark. If I wanted to go skiing, which I really badly wanted to do when it was winter, it was hard to get the mountain to come to me. The only reason for travel was to go to the mountains. I would travel to Sweden or to France or wherever to go skiing. That was all, otherwise there were no purpose.
Then second year in high school, we had a week-long class trip to Barcelona. That was a major, major turning point for me. It's because of Barcelona that I live in New York now. We were out and we saw all these things. A lot of it was interesting and was a good time, but particularly, the Sagrada Família, the Cathedral that is 200 years later still unfinished, designed by this famous architect. It was so moving. I was brought to tears by this building and the thinking and the idea, just everything about it. After that, I had this whole new commitment to go look for places around the world where I could feel at home in a different way. I went on vacation to France, to Paris.
My initial hypothesis was that it was about big cities because Aarhus, where I'm from, is a relatively small town. I went to Paris. I spent three weeks living in London studying in the London School of Economics for a summer. I went to New York on vacation with my girlfriend at the time, who is now my wife and mother of our three dragons. It was really this whole exploration of cities. Along that, New York was the place that just felt different from all the other ones. All the other ones felt like cities that were great and I feel very comfortable. For example, I'm very comfortable in London. In New York, I felt at home. We spent the next five, six years figuring out how we can move here.
What is it that you find really wonderful about living in New York?
It's been more than ten years since we started the journey and we've been living full-time here for six years. I'm a citizen now, my wife is a citizen, our kids are dual citizens. I still struggle to explain exactly or at least to say it's that. There are a lot of things that altogether combine into this. It's actually quite interesting that I can't point exactly to it and I'm trying. I get asked this question all the time, "What is it about New York?" Sometimes it's just the feeling both practically, when I walk around, when I move around, it just feels very natural to me.
A huge part of it is the people that I've met here. I feel that I meet people and get to spend time with people that appreciate and understand diversity. There are a lot of talks about diversity where it's very much about how people look; gender, origins and all that. That is part of diversity too, but there's also a part of diversity that is how you think and what you believe and what you aspire to do and your scale of your ambition or how similar or dissimilar it is to other people. This is one of the places where I don't feel I'm as weird as I feel in most other places. I feel that I am seen and appreciated for who I am when I'm here.
Tell us a little bit about the work that you do and how it's influenced by living in this city where you feel you're seen in a way that's different to other places in the world.
The works that I do is also something I sometimes struggle to explain, but part of the work at least I can talk about. Part of the work is teaching other people to be and to try and to explore new things. It's not so much teaching people a skill, it's much more about teaching people a way of using a skill that they may already have from a place of exploration. I did a workshop this week on Wednesday in São Paulo in Brazil where the topic was visual thinking. Most people already do that without realizing it. They're just not very confident in the way that they do it. They do it in one way. The reason they're not confident in it is that they feel that the way that they're doing it is not right or it's not serving them properly.
The whole workshop is about exploring more broadly all the different ways that you can do this and learning to see moment to moment what is working, what is not working, going where it worked. You have a broader space of opportunity to try things and an awareness to choose and to realize what's working quickly and what's not working and then change it. A lot of people in those classes will ask questions like, "What are your best tips or dos and don'ts?" The things that are good in one situation can be really bad in another situation. If you draw very confident, you have a very clean, beautiful line, that can be great if that's what people want. But it can also mean that everybody feels that it's your drawing that it's your visual and they don't dare to engage with it. In those cases, you might be much better off having not such a beautiful, not such a great clear simple line. You might actually be better off being a little bit more messy because that invites other people to grab the pen and come into the collaboration. There are really no clear right or wrong, good or bad. It's the awareness of it. That's at least a huge part of the work that I do.
Living in this environment, it's still relatively niche in terms of work. Maybe part of it is being in big urban centers where even if it's only relevant to one out of ten thousand people, I can still find enough people that are interested in it. That's maybe part of it. The other thing is that living in New York from a global perspective it's a very central hub. You can go almost anywhere in the world within a little more than twenty hours, you can get to pretty much anywhere from New York. Even though the world is round, the infrastructure that we rely on to get around with airlines has a massive bias towards a place like New York in a good way.
When you have been on a trip and you have landed back in New York, what do you do to reconnect with yourself and reconnect with the city? For instance, do you have a favorite walk? Is there a favorite secret location where you go and pick up a coffee or hangout with your kids and your wife?
I wish there were such a thing. Right now, it's a little bit more like, Thursday morning I landed at 6:58 and I turned on my phone in the morning, we just landed. I get this text from my wife that our middle child, Unna, has been up between 2:00 AM and 5:00 AM and then other one was up. She just had this terrible night. It's a little bit more like, "Okay, reality kicks back in." It's like, get in the cab, get home, and deal with whatever needs to be dealt with. There's not so much romantically connecting with the city. It's a little bit more cleaning up, wiping up, handling the situation.
Has there ever been a time in your career where you've really suffered with burnout?
Yeah. I don't know if it really got to the point of burnout, but there was definitely a time around college years when I was living in Denmark and I was running my own company and in school, doing all these things. I definitely was affected by stress in an unhealthy way where I would get sick and just not deal with it in a good way. I'm not immune to it at all today either, but I'm able to detect the warning signs a lot earlier, which doesn't mean that it goes away but I can at least know what it is much, much sooner. I know some of the things I can do to engage with it rather than just assuming that it's nothing and that it will just figure itself out. That's the main thing.
That's one of the things that I think is so great about getting older. There are many things I do not think are great about getting older but at least the longer you've been in the world and the more experienced you've had of how you respond and what your body and what your mind does in these moments of acute stress and chronic stress. My experience at least, it's certainly something I'm quicker to recognize and to mitigate, which sounds similar to you. Are there any specific tips that you could recommend for people in these moments? How do you carve out moments of stillness or quietness in your hectic New York life with a young family?
It's totally possible and it is very important. Right now I'm very fortunate that I work primarily at a consultancy called SYPartners where we have this incredible, amazing office. For me, it's a treat every day that I get to go to work in this place because it's so not the hectic, noisy New York. It's like a whole universe in and of itself. When I was freelancing and building my own things, it was a lot more like I had to explore and figure out. I found different hotel lobbies where they would have coffee service and meal service and stuff. It was legitimate to sit there even if you weren't a guest in the hotel because it was basically just like a restaurant that was quieter. I found these little nooks, corners that were quiet. It's not like there's a ton of them in New York but there are enough, and when you find them you can find that peace and quiet space. That is super, super important. It's not accepting the stereotype. People say, "New York is so loud." Yes, that is what it mostly is but it doesn't mean that it always is that. If you want that hectic-ness, fine. Go roll with it. But it doesn't need to be that way. You don't need to define your identity as, "I'm someone who lives in New York and I'm someone who loves the hustle and bustle." I don't necessarily love the hustle and bustle, but it doesn't bother me that much. I look for and I find the places that have more tranquility.
What time of day do you most enjoy and why?
I like mornings. At least the beginning of the work day I like because it's getting coffee and making a plan for the day and taking a little bit of a moment before meetings and emails and everything begins. I like that. The morning at home can be a little bit more like you're just a waiter who has to serve breakfast and convince the VIP guests that maybe they should get out of the bathrobe and actually put on clothes. It's a little bit more like manhandling, in a loving and caring way obviously. Mornings is definitely a favorite. Actually, there's something special also about the evenings. I'm not a big night owl in general. There are these quiet moments also where the whole household has gone to sleep and I'm in the living room. I don't turn on too much light and I can sit and read a book. I don't want to sound like I'm somebody who just sits and reads a book. It's just once a month that this happens. Maybe that's why it's also special, to sit on the couch until I pass out, and read a book.
That's an interesting point for me to ask you about your relationship with social media and with time on the internet when you're away from the workplace. That's obviously bearing in mind that for so many of us, the workplace isn't necessarily a physical place when we are walking around with mobile devices, which is where we can connect with work at anytime that we choose.
It's a challenge. For me, it goes through ways. It relates even back to what I was saying before about my work, helping people explore rather than trying to find the right way. There's a right way in a moment but you won't know if it's the right way. Even if it is, you won't know if you're just committed to one and you're just doing one thing. It's the same thing with social media. I'm not too worried about finding the right balance or when is the right time or how will I do it or how will I not do it or why will I not do it or all that. For me, I let it go through cycles. In some cycles I'm very deliberate and intentional but also very much in it all the time.
I will use an app like Buffer. That way you can schedule tweets and Facebook posts and basically fill it up with all ideas and let them trickle out with big questions or big ideas, whatever is on my mind. It's also generous in a way. It's sharing a lot of stuff. I don't mean sharing as sharing an article that makes me look smart and shows people that I read The Economist. It's more about sharing ideas and sharing myself and being open and asking questions and sharing difficult moments and opening up to the fact that parenting is not always the images on Instagram where the kids are smiling. Sometimes it's also a lot of crying and a lot of moments where there is no good solution here. There is no magic bullet. You're in it and there's vomit everywhere both literally and figuratively. That's the thing. Then I'm on it all the time. It's the first thing I do in the morning and it's the last thing I do before I go to bed. It's an integral part of how I live day by day, week by week. And I like that. That's an interesting form of being especially when it gets really, really open and honest and genuine and loving and caring. I found a few things that standout.
I shared a moment with a challenging weekend with the kids. I ended up making a whole new friend who reached out and he turned out to be a psychologist living near Amsterdam in the Netherlands and we connected. Now, I feel like we're becoming friends. We see each other in Skype relatively frequently now. It was all because we connected over this moment that I posted on Instagram. That's magical that that can happen. That's magical because it's a new relationship. I've also had these magical gatherings on Facebook where I've asked a question or shared something around. I remember a specific post where I shared it around my using of melatonin as a sleep aid and was asking people. It became this opposite of trolling. People with very different opinions but were genuinely listening to each other, contributing. Medical doctors who were sharing what they knew from the latest research around this, both for long-term and short-term use. It was people that were just open and were like, "Me and my husband, we do this every night and we've done this for years. We know that maybe there are risks but we just find that it is so delightful to do." It was such a gathering of people that were all my people but they didn't necessarily know each other. That's one part of it.
At other times, I need to get a little bit of a break from it. It doesn't need to be a hard divorce and I delete my account. It can be as simple as just not posting a lot because then there's little bit less. Then I get disappointed every time. Right now if I open Facebook, I'm disappointed because nothing has happened because I didn't do anything previously. The last thing I did was I checked it and nothing had happened then either. It goes through these phases. Sometimes I'll delete the apps from my phone just so that I'm less likely to engage with it. The interesting thing is not to find the right space in the middle. The interesting thing is to observe myself and where I am. For example, to your question before about stress, if I notice a stress pattern in myself, that's one of the easy ways to cut something that is overly stimulating, to just chill it with the social media for a while. That's one thing. Then go for a run. Those are probably the two first buttons that I push when I notice a stress pattern in myself.
I love the story of expressing vulnerability online and how that's potentially opened up the possibility of a lovely new friendship that you're rewarded with from that moment of vulnerability and connection. That's a wonderful thing and it's wonderful that we're talking today. We're in different countries on different continents. I love what the internet and social media can do in terms of how it can connect us. It's also really important for us to tune in to what's important to us at any given time, which is what I'm hearing you say similarly, to know when to pull back and to know when engaging feels good. It feels like the right thing to do at this moment. One of the next questions that I'd love to listen to your answer on is, where would you live if you didn't live or couldn't live in New York?
There are a few places. We've talked about this also, my wife and I. The most obvious one right now would be to go back to our hometown because then we would be closer to the grandparents, our own parents. We're fortunate that we're both basically from the same place. Both of my parents and my wife's parents, they all live within easy driving distance from each other. If we move back there, our kids would have all of their grandparents very, very close by. That's something we talked about. It's also when we talk about that, I still cannot fully imagine what I would be working with if we live back in our hometown. Last time I was there, I was there in November of last year, I literally had this moment walking down the street close to where we used to live, I just felt this pressure on my chest. I think I can't breathe. It's a little overly dramatic. That's how it felt for at least a minute when I was there.
For the kids and the grandparents, that would be something. We're considering it; to deal with that sense of not being able to breathe, what the hell would I do. Actually what I'm trying to do is just have a little bit more of a presence in Danish media. I want to pitch a weekly column about family, life in New York and see if there's any Danish publication that would pick that up and just have a few maybe talk or two talks every year in Denmark just to have a little bit of presence on the distance. Because what that could do is it could potentially mean that a potential employer could reach out and say, "We actually have this job that would be perfect for you. Would you consider moving back?" That would make it a little bit more tangible. It's less moving back to our hometown and then all these questions. It will be like we would move back and that would be the job. That's actually one of the strategies for that. Of other places I've visited in the past couple of years, I feel that both Buenos Aires in Argentina is a place that I'm very drawn to, and also Mexico City, even though I've been there for a couple of days and have only really seen one neighborhood. Especially the architecture, there was just something about that that really, really spoke to me.
Similarly, the architecture is a thing and the people. I can't quite describe what it is but there is openness and the generosity of being in-touch with emotion in a way that most people here are not. There's something there that I like. Actually, the same in São Paulo as well. I don't feel at home in São Paulo, but I do a little bit more in Buenos Aires. The people actually have the similarity and that these are countries with lots of uncertainty on the political, economical scale. It's the normal. I'm not saying that there's no anxiety but I'm saying that the threshold for anxiety is at a whole different level. The comfort and ambiguity is a lot higher for people there. I resonate with that. People are just chill with it in a different way.
I'm interested to know about how much of your identity is linked with being a New Yorker versus someone who is originally from Europe versus someone who's a global citizen?
Part of moving to New York, that whole ten-year phase that I talked about from the dream and until we moved and began really settling in here, the identity part came before we actually moved here. My first Twitter handle was @mathiasnyc. This was 2008, so that was three years before we actually moved. I made it a part of my identity that I was moving to New York. I would literally say it like that even though I didn't know when or how or if it would even happen. It has been a huge part of my identity. I remember a trip to Lisbon where I came back and landed in New York airport. The plane touches down and the captain comes on the speaker system and he's like, "Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to New York International Airport. On behalf of United and this New York-based flight crew, we want to thank you for flying with us. For those of you who are visiting, have a great stay, and for those of you who live here, welcome home." I was like, "That's me." It was just so good. In those moments, it's definitely been a huge part of my identity.
I'm trying to be aware of the fact that I feel most of the problems I face are not actually problems of the world. Most of the things it stresses me, most of the things it disappoints me, most of the things that causes anxiety are usually when I've become too invested in some part of my identity that is then challenged by something. I'm trying to be very aware of whenever I make my identity too solid in any direction. For example, this whole idea of being a New Yorker, if I was too invested in that, I wouldn't be able to look at my situation and say, "What's actually best for our kids? Is this actually best for our kids?" Right now I think it is. If it becomes an identity thing or at least if it becomes too much of an identity thing, there's a huge risk of losing the clarity of what actually is going on.
You just mentioned the world clarity there, which is such a great point because I wanted to ask you about your Clarity Cards and the genesis of those and also the genesis of your really spectacularly beautiful handwritten newsletter, which is the only handwritten newsletter that I received in my inbox and one that I really enjoy reading. I'd love you to tell us a bit more about how those two things evolved.
The handwritten newsletter came out of the consulting work that I was doing before the job that I'm in now. You mentioned it in the intro when I was consulting with startup CEOs. A lot of the work we were doing together was around clarity. Their reality was a small team trying to build something that hasn't been done before. There was no manual. There were no guidelines. There's lots of best practice but the best practice are of the people that have come before you that were doing something different. A lot of what you're challenging is maybe if those best practices are actually the best practices. You don't want to go there necessarily. You're both trying to think long-term and dream big and make something that's a compelling vision that will allow you to raise more funds. At the same time, you're executing every day and everything is going wrong all the time. There's not a lot of room for clarity in that. A lot of what we were doing together was this work of just taking a moment, taking an hour, two hours, stepping outside of the madness and looking at that. We would use tools that were more conducive to that. A lot of it was hand-drawn to get away from the distractions and the scream.
The newsletter grew out of that. It was taking some of the ideas that came up in that work and making them into almost little journal entries with a few drawings, a few ideas, and started to send it out. The first people that subscribed to it were my own clients. Then it just grew a bit unexpected, I would say, very rapidly after that. That's the origin of that. For me, the whole handwriting thing is weird because I stopped writing by hand in eighth grade because somebody had told me that I had bad handwriting, and I had really bad handwriting and I hated handwriting. I thought it was painful, I thought it was useless. I started doing everything on a laptop. I was the first in my class to have a laptop to school every day. I did all my homework on a computer so I could print it out rather than do it by hand. I literally stopped in eighth grade. I didn't write by hand for the next twelve years.
How old were you in eighth grade, for non-Americans listening? Were you a teenager? Younger?
Yeah, a teenager; maybe 13, 14, something like that. It wasn't overnight. It was over a year maybe that I eventually phased out all handwriting. By the age of 15, I didn't write anything by hand anymore, nothing, zero. I spent the next decade of my life basically living inside of a computer. Everything had to be on the computer. I had a very advanced phone for the time. There wasn't anything called push notifications, but I could get text messages whenever I got a new email. The experience of getting constantly buzzing something in your pocket, not just for text messages but text messages that were indicators that I had emails coming in. Then I could use my phone to dial up to the internet and download those messages and respond to them everywhere. I really lived for ten years inside the internet.
This is also where it eventually will lead us to the Clarity Cards. The realization eventually was that I didn't actually enjoy it anymore. It was too much madness. It felt like a loss of agency ten years later. I was like I'm not really in control of this. I just sit in front of this thing and it takes me places, but it doesn't feel like me and where I want to go. It's more like I'm babysitting a machine and the machine wants to me do all these things. It wants me to install updates. It wants me to go here. It wants me to go there. Whenever I go here, it also takes me here and here. I'm not in control. Handwriting and reflection which is really the process of the Clarity Cards support is breaking away from that. It's working with tools that don't have distractions built-in in a way you realize that you're generating everything. The blank page does not have an agenda. If you don't bring focus and some effort to it, nothing is going to come. You can sit in front of a computer with no effort for hours because it just keeps giving you a little thing that you can click on and then the next and then the next and then the next; all these micro-moments.
The Clarity Cards came out of these years of journaling by hand after I tried to step out of the computer for a while. A friend of mine helped me see that what I was doing was asking a lot of similar questions to myself and journaling and writing about it. He was like, "Other people need to do this. Let's make a tool that helps them do that. We can just lift these questions out of your notebook and turn them into a deck of cards." I was like, "Sure, that sounds great. Thanks for the idea. Now you want me to go and do it." He was like, "Yeah, let's do it now." He stood up. His name is Dave Gray. He's an amazing author by the way. His latest book is Liminal Thinking. He's a great guy. He gets stuff done because he stands up and he picks up the Post-it notes, "Let's make the questions." This was in the middle of dinner. He gets the Post-its, he gets a sharpie and we threw the notebook that I had with me that day. We list out maybe 45 questions and sort them into four groups. When I came home I just put them in into sign and gave them a type treatment and ordered a prototype from some company in China and suddenly they were a thing.
Mathias, I would love you to tell us what it is that you're curious about right now and why.
I'm curious about different things. One thing that I'm very curious about is where it's going with humans and machines together. There's a lot of talk about AI right now. Most of what's happening right now to me feels extremely predictable. There were books written. Jeff Hawkins wrote On Intelligence ten years ago. He basically predicted all the breakthroughs that are happening now. Ten years ago he was like, "This is going to happen when these two lines cross each other." That's now. He knew that. It doesn't seem the whole machine learning thing but that seems relatively obvious. There is a social and societal part of this that has yet to play out and that's when we begin really applying this in ways that radically begin to displace and change jobs and what's going to happen there. What does it mean really then to be human? How do we coexist with this? What's the role of love and kindness, for example? Those things become ever more interesting as more and more of the even creative work can be done in interesting ways in collaboration with algorithms.
I saw a short film the other day where the script was written by a machine learning algorithm. They still had to interpret and play it and give humanity an emotion to it, but the end result of this collaboration was amazing. It was truly wonderful. There is something really, really interesting to explore there for all of us and what it means. What does it really mean to be human in this world today? Not just human with my notebook and free from distractions but also the humanity we talked about with social media where you're plugged in and you're human with thousands of people at a time. In a scale, you can experience compassion and generosity and love and kindness at an unprecedented scale. Seeking that out, I'm also extremely curious about what that does, what that feels like, what that means.
Googling Mathias Jakobsen will probably be a good place to start. You can also go directly to my own website thnkclrly.com.
Mathias, Thank you so much for being a guest on the Urban Curiosity podcast today.


STEP FORWARD ("SF") is a user-definable Information Management and Accounting System. The "Church_Demo" database is a sample configuration for a not-for-profit organization based upon a live database application actually configured for and used by a church in Calgary, AB, Canada. It is being offered to interested parties as a "sandbox" to play in as they try to experience some of the functionality of SF.
However, SF is rich in functionality and configuration tools and it is virtually impossible to create a demo application that provides a total overview of all that SF can help you achieve.
In this sense SF can be compared to a LEGO set that provides functional components of a model but does not impose restrictions on what kind of model can be built with it.
Architecture; Accounts; Accessories; Report Builder; Process Builder; Production; and Administrator.
Clicking on "Help" will give complete access to the "On-line manual" for a detailed explanation of each aspect of STEP FORWARD.
The following explanations are somewhat superficial from a systems point of view and specifically focused on the Church_Demo database ("CDD") configuration.


(d)Exercise; Notification of Disposition. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights may be exercised by delivering to the Company a written notice of exercise, in a form the Administrator approves (which may be electronic), signed by the person authorized to exercise the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, together with, as applicable, payment in full (i) as specified in Section 5(e)for the number of Shares for which the Award is exercised and (ii) as specified in Section 9(e) for any applicable withholding taxes. Unless the Administrator otherwise determines, an Option or Stock Appreciation Right may not be exercised for a fraction of a share of Common Stock.
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text:
Double Fianchetto Bishops.
Kevin O'Rourke
Post by Kevin O'Rourke » Tue Jul 11, 2017 2:39 pm
I can't think of a time I've done with this both bishops as I usually only want to do it when the bishop sits infront of my king for extra defence – or to get on with early development and aid castling.. Does anyone on here regularly put both bishops on the long diagonal and if so, do you find it a good strategy?
Re: Double Fianchetto Bishops.
Post by JustinHorton » Tue Jul 11, 2017 2:59 pm
I used to do it regularly when I was playing the Reti twenty years ago and must have done it occasionally since when playing the Catalan or g3 against the King's Indian.
I'm guessing it's much more rare for Black to do it and can't actually remember ever having done so (there's the Hippopotamus for instance, or the Symmetrical English with g6) although I surely must have in one game or another. I did lose a game last summer though where the bloke played a Queen's Indian with 5...g6 and I had no idea what I was doing.
Post by Roger de Coverly » Tue Jul 11, 2017 3:13 pm
JustinHorton wrote: I'm guessing it's much more rare for Black to do it
Depends on how you defend against London and Torre systems. If you play them as a tempo down Reti, you get a double fianchetto quite often. In some order, Black will play Nf6,g6,Bg7,d6,c5,Nbd7/c6,b6,Bb7.
chessbase has a recent example.
http://en.chessbase.com/post/tactic-blo ... -07-07-17e
Players of the Tiger Modern will get Bishops on g7 and b7 reasonably often, admittedly after playing a6 and b6/b5. Even defenders of the Spanish in the regroup systems, Zaitsev, Breyer etc. will get the Bishops to g7 and b7 as may players of e6,d6 Sicilian systems.
I'd agree that if you spend your life playing the French or Caro against 1. e4 and the Slav or some other .. d5 based system against 1. d4, you may never see Bishops on g7 and b7.
Matt Mackenzie
Location: Millom, Cumbria
Post by Matt Mackenzie » Tue Jul 11, 2017 4:05 pm
The purest "double fianchetto" line for Black is probably the Mongredien system - not that common, but once appeared in a WC match!
(Petrosian v Spassky 1966)
"Set up your attacks so that when the fire is out, it isn't out!" (H N Pillsbury)
Post by Jonathan Rogers » Tue Jul 11, 2017 4:10 pm
White is often best advised to go for this against many lines of the Dutch.
Grunfeld players sometimes double fianchetto as well; Smyslov popularised this, at least according to Kasparov.
Did Bobby Fischer ever do it, I now ask myself for no obvious reason?
Jonathan Rogers wrote: Did Bobby Fischer ever do it, I now ask myself for no obvious reason?
Searching Fischer games where he was Black for positions with Bishops on g7 and b7 comes up with 35. Among the better known games would be game 2 against Petrosian in the 1970 RoW match (English), the game with Spassky in the 1970 Olympiad (Grunfeld) and game 3 against Taimanov (King's Indian middle game).
Almost all the examples are from 1. d4 starts, there's a handful of non-critical Najdorfs as well where Black plays .. e5 and then later g6.
I checked my own games and I get the Bg7/Bb7 position reasonably often. It's down to opening choice of course and how you play middle games with a number of the positions arising later on in the game. The earliest is at move 4, using the pure g6,Bg7,b6,Bb7 set up. More normally it can be at move 5. A 4NCL game with Stewart Reuben wandered away from known positions with 1. c4 b6 2. e4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb7 4. d3 g6 5. f4 Bg7. After Stewart later played d3-d4, the positions resembled a Modern Benoni, given that Black played .. c5 at move 10
IanCalvert
Post by IanCalvert » Tue Jul 11, 2017 8:48 pm
Kevin O'Rourke wrote: Double Fianchetto Bishops.
I can't think of a time I've done with this both bishops as I usually only want to do it when the bishop sits in front of my king for extra defence – or to get on with early development and aid castling.. Does anyone on here regularly put both bishops on the long diagonal and if so, do you find it a good strategy?
As an almost exclusively 1. b3 player for over 40 years, I regularly put both bishops on the long diagonal often after transposition to for example mainline Retis. I find it a good strategy against both Tigers and Heffalumps (up to 30 points above me). However it is without doubt too slow for some players who prefer a sharper , more tactical, game.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Justia Patents US Patent Application for SUPPORTING ENHANCED UPLINK TRANSMISSION DURING SOFT HANDOVER Patent Application (Application #20190191350)
SUPPORTING ENHANCED UPLINK TRANSMISSION DURING SOFT HANDOVER
Feb 22, 2019 - Signal Trust for Wireless Innovation
An enhanced uplink user equipment is in soft handover. A radio network controller selects a primary Node-B out of a plurality of Node-Bs supporting the soft handover. The radio network controller receiving successfully received enhanced uplink data packets from the plurality of Node-Bs. The radio network controller reordered the successfully received enhanced uplink data packets for in-sequence deliver. The primary Node-B sends specified scheduling information to the user equipment that the other Node-Bs does not transmit. At least the primary Node-B transmits acknowledgements and negative acknowledgements to the user equipment.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/699,418 filed on Sep. 8, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/869,313, filed on Sep. 29, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,763,156 issued on Sep. 12, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/908,242 filed on Jun. 3, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,215,636 issued on Dec. 15, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/308,950 filed on Dec. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,457,072 issued on Jun. 4, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/434,330 filed on May 15, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,130,720 issued on Mar. 6, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/962,720 filed Oct. 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,046,648 issued on May 16, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/578,674 filed Jun. 10, 2004; 60/520,692 filed Nov. 17, 2003; 60/519,990 filed Nov. 14, 2003; and 60/517,656 filed Nov. 5, 2003, all of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
The present invention is related to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention is related to a method and apparatus for coordinating Node-Bs and supporting enhanced uplink (EU) transmissions during handover.
Many schemes have been proposed to improve coverage, throughput, and transmission latency for EU transmissions in third generation partnership project (3GPP). One of the developments is to move the functions for scheduling and assigning uplink (UL) physical channel resources from a radio network controller (RNC) to a Node-B. A Node-B can make more efficient decisions and manage UL radio resources on a short-term basis better than the RNC, even if the RNC retains overall control over Node-Bs. A similar approach has already been adopted in downlink for high speed data packet access (HSDPA) in both universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes.
It has also been recognized that performance is greatly enhanced with the use of medium access control (MAC) level automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (H-ARQ). Application of these techniques during soft handover provides additional significant benefits.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional wireless multi-cell communication system 100 including a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) 105, a Node-B 110, an RNC 115, and at least two cells 120A, 120B. Each of the cells 120A, 120B, is served by the Node-B 110. Node-B 110 is controlled by the RNC 115. When a change in the cell offering the best radio conditions is determined between cells 120A and 120B, a handover process is initiated.
An "intra-Node-B handover" occurs when a WTRU changes from one cell to another cell controlled by the same Node-B, as shown in FIG. 1. An "inter-Node-B handover" occurs when a WTRU changes from one cell to another cell controlled by a different Node-B. In the latter case, the Node-B that controls the cell before the handover is called a source Node-B, and the Node-B that controls the cell after the handover is called a target Node-B.
During soft handover, a WTRU establishes a plurality of connections with a plurality of Node-Bs in an active set. In this situation, a problem may arise for scheduling and H-ARQ operation. A WTRU may receive conflicting EU transmission scheduling from more than one Node-B. It is also difficult for the WTRU to receive, decode and process H-ARQ positive and negative acknowledgements (ACKs/NACKs) generated by a plurality of Node-Bs. The soft buffer of an H-ARQ process in Node-Bs may be corrupted during soft handover.
One method to support H-ARQ across multiple Node-Bs, when the WTRU is in soft handover, is to place the ACK/NACK generation function in the RNC, which derives a single ACK/NACK based on the results from the multiple Node-Bs. However, this approach presents a significant delay to the ACK/NACK process, which is highly undesirable for performance reasons.
When a WTRU undergoes an inter-Node-B hard handover, there is a possibility that a source Node-B, which is a Node-B before hard handover is completed, may not successfully receive EU transmissions for data packets that have been NACKed prior to hard handover activation time. Other WTRUs competing for UL resources may not be provided with enough physical resources in the source cell. If data blocks that have been NACKed prior to the handover are retransmitted to the source Node-B before the handover activation timer expires, those data blocks can be combined with the previous data blocks for H-ARQ decoding. In this way, the decoding takes the advantage of previous, although failed, transmissions of those data blocks in the source cell. If data blocks that have been NACKed prior to the handover are not retransmitted to the source Node-B before the handover activation timer is expired, they have to be transmitted again in the target cell as new data blocks. In this case, the previous transmissions of those data blocks in the source cell are not utilized.
A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had from the following description, given by way of example and to be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a conventional wireless communication system;
FIG. 2 shows a system which uses a UL scheduler located in a primary Node-B during soft handover for EU in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a system which uses an ACK/NACK generation function located in a primary Node-B during soft handover for EU in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process including method steps for coordinating Node-Bs during soft handover in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process including method steps for prioritizing the transmission of NACKed data in a source Node-B before hard handover is completed in accordance with a separate embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention will be described with reference to the drawing figures wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout.
Hereafter, the terminology "WTRU" includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
When referred to hereafter, the terminology "Node-B" includes but is not limited to a base station, a site controller, an access point or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment.
The present invention may be implemented in any type of wireless communication systems, such as UMTS-FDD, TDD, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TDSCDMA), code division multiple access 2000 (CDMA2000) (EV-DO and EV-DV) or any other type of wireless communication system.
The features of the present invention may be incorporated into an IC or be configured in a circuit comprising a multitude of interconnecting components.
FIG. 2 shows a wireless multi-cell communication system 200 which uses a UL scheduler located in a primary Node-B in accordance with the present invention. The wireless multi-cell communication system 200 includes a WTRU 205, a plurality of Node-Bs 210 (i.e., 210A, 210B), an RNC 215 and a plurality of cells 260 (i.e., 260A, 260B, 260C). Cells 260A and 260C are served by the Node-B 210A. Cells 260B are served by the Node-Bs 210B. All of the Node-Bs 210 are controlled by the RNC 215.
During soft handover, the WTRU 205 establishes multiple connections with the Node-Bs 210 included in an active set. Each transmission from the WTRU 205 is processed independently at each of the Node-Bs 210. One of the Node-Bs 210 in the active set is designated as a primary Node-B 210A, and the other Node-Bs are designated as non-primary Node-Bs 210B.
As shown in FIG. 2, the primary Node-B 210A includes a MAC entity 250A including a UL scheduler 255. Each of the non-primary Node-Bs 210B also includes a MAC entity 250B. Each of the MAC entities 250A, 250B, handles EU transmissions. The UL scheduler 255 in the MAC entity 250A is responsible for scheduling the EU transmissions.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the UL scheduler 255 is implemented only at the primary Node-B 210A during soft handover. The WTRU 205 receives a UL transmission schedule only from the primary Node-B 210A in a primary cell 260A. However, the primary Node-B 210A cannot send the scheduling information to the non-primary Node-Bs 210B in every transmission time interval (TTI). In order to allow the primary Node-B 210A to allocate resources for the WTRU 205 to transmit in cells controlled by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B, those resources scheduled by the primary Node-B 250A in a plurality of cells 260B controlled by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B cannot be assigned by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B. Therefore, some physical resources common to all of the cells in the active EU subset should be assigned and reserved by a particular Node-B for the WTRU 205 during the soft handover, so that those resources can be used only by the primary Node-B 210A.
The UL scheduler 255 located in the primary Node-B 210A considers the interference level caused by the EU transmission at any cell 260A, 260B, 260C, in the EU active subset to be below a predetermined maximum allowed interference level. Thus, the primary Node-B 250A limits the transmit power level of the WTRU 205 such that the interference levels are also within the maximum allowed interference levels at other cells 260B, 260C. To achieve this, the RNC 215 needs to relay necessary information, such as transmission power level and interference level, of the cells 260B controlled by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B to the primary Node-B 210A, which then uses the information to schedule the UL transmissions.
The EU scheduling information is transmitted to the WTRU 205 only by the primary Node-B 210A through the primary cell 260A. During soft handover, the WTRU 205 receives EU scheduling information only in the primary cell 260A, although the EU scheduling information is valid in all other cells 260B, 260C.
In one embodiment, the primary Node-B 250A is selected by either the RNC 215 or the WTRU 205. The RNC 215 may choose a Node-B that has the highest percentage of correctly received data blocks during a predefined time window as a primary Node-B.
In another embodiment, the RNC 215 generates statistics for each Node-B, such as a bit error rate (BER) or a frame error rate (FER), or the like, over a predetermined time period. Then, the RNC 215 may select a Node-B having the best performance to be the primary Node-B 210A. The RNC 215 then notifies the WTRU 205 and all other Node-Bs about the primary Node-B 210A via radio resource control (RRC) and Iub signaling, respectively.
In another embodiment, the WTRU 102 may choose a Node-B 210 that has the best downlink pilot power, (i.e., best downlink path loss or highest code power), as a primary Node-B 210A. The WTRU 205 measures the power of pilot signals received from all Node-Bs 210 and selects the Node-B 210 having the highest pilot power to be the primary Node-B 210A. The WTRU 205 then notifies all other Node-Bs about the primary Node-B 210A via fast physical layer signaling.
The WTRU 205 may report the downlink pilot power of all cells 260 to the RNC 215. The RNC 215 then chooses one Node-B 210 to be the primary Node-B 210a based on the combined uplink and downlink quality. The uplink quality of a cell 260 based on the percentage of correctly received data blocks, (or BER, FER, or the like), during a predefined time window, and the downlink quality of a cell 260 is based on the WTRU received downlink pilot power. Then, the RNC 215 notifies the WTRU 205 and all of the Node-Bs 210 about the primary Node-B 210A via RRC and Iub signaling, respectively.
The present invention is advantageous over prior art systems. Using the present invention, a WTRU does not receive conflicting scheduling of EU transmissions from Node-Bs during soft handover. In addition, EU transmission is scheduled in consideration of an interference level and radio resources in cells controlled by non-primary Node-Bs. Signaling delay from the primary Node-B 210A to the WTRU 205 is much lower as compared to signaling delay from the RNC 215 to the WTRU 205.
In a separate embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a wireless multi-cell communication system 300, similar to the system 200 shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the primary Node-B 210A includes a MAC entity 250A including an ACK/NACK generator 305. Only the primary Node-B 210A has the ACK/NACK generator 305. The primary Node-B 210A may perform H-ARQ with incremental redundancy, or only ARQ without implementing incremental redundancy.
Still referring to FIG. 3, the primary Node-B 210A receives at least one data packet from the WTRU 205 through the primary cell 260A and performs an error check on the data packet. Any error checking method, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), may be utilized. If the primary Node-B 210A correctly decodes the data packet, such as passing the CRC, the primary Node-B 210A transmits an ACK to the WTRU 205 and also transmits the correctly decoded data packet to the RNC 215. If the primary Node-B 210A fails to correctly decode the data packet, the primary Node-B 210A transmits a NACK to the WTRU 205.
The non-primary Node-Bs 210B also perform an error check on the data packet. However, the non-primary Node-Bs 210B do not send ACKs or NACKs to the WTRU 205. Instead, the non-primary Node-Bs send successfully decoded data packets to the RNC 215. During soft handover, only the primary Node-B 210A generates H-ARQ (or ARQ), ACKs and NACKs, and controls retransmissions.
The MAC layer WTRU identities received by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B may be used for routing of successfully received transmissions in a universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN). Since the non-primary Node-Bs 210B are not aware of which WTRUs have been scheduled for EU transmission by the primary Node-B 210A, the non-primary Node-Bs 210B may rely on in-band MAC layer signaling of the WTRU ID to route correctly received transmissions to the correct RNC radio link. Even though the primary Node-B 210A may be aware of which WTRU is scheduled, the same method may be implemented by the primary Node-B 210A.
Preferably, the primary Node-B 210A may use soft combining to process transmissions, while the non-primary Node-Bs 210B may process each transmission without soft combining. If the primary Node-B sends a NACK to the WTRU 205, the NACKed data packet is stored in a buffer of the primary Node-B 210A, and the NACKed data packet is combined with a retransmitted data packet. In contrast, the non-primary Node-Bs 210B do not store the NACKed data packets. This eliminates the problem of soft buffer corruption between the Node-Bs 210, and the complexities of multiple independent ACKs and/or NACKs.
When an incremental combining process is implemented, measures should be taken to avoid soft buffer corruption. Sequence information or a new data indicator is required to enable a Node-B 210 to detect that the WTRU 205 is no longer repeating data for a particular WTRU H-ARQ process, but instead is sending new data. This is specifically required because the Node-B 210 has no other way to learn that a new transmission has started. Alternatively, the non-primary Node-Bs 210B may simply perform an ARQ, without using an incremental combining process. This eliminates the soft buffer corruption problem.
In the case where non-primary Node-Bs 210B perform simple ARQ without incremental combining, the WTRU 205 must transmit self-decodable data packets to ensure that all of the Node-Bs 210 may decode transmissions, regardless of the result of earlier transmissions. Preferably, the H-ARQ functionality is terminated at the Node-Bs 210. Each of the Node-Bs 210 sends to the RNC 215 successfully decoded data packets with explicit identification of transmission, such as a transmission sequence number (TSN). The RNC 215 may optionally use data packets delivered from the non-primary Node-Bs 210B. A MAC entity 310, located in the RNC 215, is used to implement an in-sequence delivery process for delivering data to higher layers over all of the packets received from the Node-Bs 210. After the RNC MAC entity 310 has completed its re-ordering process, it sends the data to a radio link control (RLC) (not shown). Missed packets are identified at the RNC 215 and the WTRU 205 is informed through RLC messaging.
Alternatively, EU transmissions may identify WTRU ID, H-ARQ process, transmission sequence and/or new data indication (NDI) to allow for soft combining in the non-primary Node-B's 210B. If this method is used to allow soft combining in the non-primary Node-Bs 210B, the primary Node-B 210A may not have to rely on scheduling and H-ARQ ACK/NACK decisions to determine when combining should be performed.
There are two options for the transmission of ACK/NACK messages. The first option is a synchronous transmission. The ACK/NACK messages are transmitted after a unique time delay with respect to the corresponding uplink transmission or the EU channel allocation message. The second option is an asynchronous transmission. There is no unique delay between the transmission of ACK/NACK messages and the corresponding uplink transmission or the EU channel allocation message. Explicit information in the ACK/NACK message identifies the corresponding uplink transmission to enable the WTRU 205 to make the correct association between the ACK/NACK message and the transmission. This association is made by either identifying the H-ARQ process number and/or a unique sequence number, such as a TSN with each ACK/NACK feedback message to the WTRU 205.
In a separate embodiment, preferably implemented for the asynchronous ACK/NACK feedback case, the non-primary Node-Bs 210B may provide H-ARQ ACK/NACK results to the primary Node-B 210A in order to avoid unnecessary retransmissions for transmissions that are not correctly received by the primary Node-B 210A, but are correctly received by the non-primary Node-Bs 210B. A non-primary Node-B 210B does not directly send an ACK or NACK message to the WTRU 205. The non-primary Node-Bs 210B sends ACK/NACK or CRC results to the RNC 215. Then, the RNC 215 sends ACK or CRC results to the primary Node-B 210A.
In order to speed up H-ARQ processing, the first ACK message from any non-primary Node-B 210B received by the RNC is preferably immediately forwarded to the primary Node-B 210A. The primary Node-B 210A also immediately generates an ACK message if the transmission is received correctly in the primary Node-B 210A without waiting for feedback from the non-primary Node-Bs 210B. The primary Node-B 210A also generates an ACK message immediately upon reception of a forwarded ACK message from the RNC, even if other ACK messages may be forwarded. Since an ACK is generated if any of the paths are successful, an ACK can be generated as soon as the first successful transmission is found.
Alternatively, in order to simplify the design of the ACK/NACK generator 205, only a subset of the generating nodes may be used. For example, ACKs may be generated only at the RNC, or at the RNC and the primary Node-B 210A.
When the WTRU 205 sends an uplink transmission, for each H-ARQ process the WTRU 205 waits at least the time required for the primary Node-B 210A to send ACK/NACK feedback. For each H-ARQ process, if an ACK is received by the WTRU 205, the WTRU 205 may send new data in the next available or assigned opportunity.
A NACK message can only originate in the RNC 215 since it is the only node that has all of the information necessary in the soft handover to determine that there have been no successful receptions at any Node-B 210. The RNC 215 generates a NACK command if the RNC 215 receives no ACK from the Node-Bs 210 within a predetermined time interval. The RNC 215 forwards the NACK message to the WTRU 205 via the primary Node-B 210A.
It is also possible that this procedure can be implemented without an explicit NACK command. In this case, the lack of ACK reception within a particular period of time is considered the same as an explicit NACK command at either the primary Node-B 210A and/or the WTRU 205.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process 400 including method steps for coordinating Node-Bs during soft handover in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In step 405, the RNC 215 makes a decision to initiate an inter-Node-B soft handover. In step 410, the WTRU 205 establishes connections with at least two Node-Bs 210 in an active set. In step 415, one of the Node-Bs 210 in the active set is designated as a primary Node-B 210A and the one or more Node-B(s) 210 remaining in the active set are designated as a non-primary Node-Bs 210B. In step 420, the primary Node-B 210A controls UL transmissions during soft handover by performing EU scheduling and H-ARQ operations.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process 500 including method steps for prioritizing the transmission of NACKed data in a source Node-B before hard handover is completed in accordance with a separate embodiment of the present invention. In step 505, the RNC 215 makes a decision to initiate a hard handover for a WTRU 205 connected to a source Node-B 210. In step 510, the RNC 215 informs the source Node-B 210 when the WTRU 205 will stop transmission and reception in the source cell 260. In step 515, the RNC 215 sends an activation timer to the source Node-B 210 to set the time for handover.
Still referring to FIG. 5, if the source Node-B 210 determines that there are data packets that were previously NACKed, as many previously NACKed data packets as possible should be retransmitted before the handover activation timer expires. Otherwise, the system may lose the benefit of incrementally combining the previous transmission with the retransmission. Therefore, the source Node-B scheduler 255 takes the handover activation time into account when it schedules the data packets that have been NACKed. If there is not enough radio resource for the source Node-B 210 to schedule transmission of all the NACKed data packets in time, the source Node-B 210 should manage to schedule transmission of as many NACKed data packets as possible.
Still referring to FIG. 5, in order to transmit as many NACKed data packets as possible before the activation timer expires, the source Node-B 210 adjusts the priority of transmissions (step 525) and, in step 530, the source node-B 210 adjusts the MCS of the transmissions (step 530). Higher priority of scheduling is given to the data packets that have been NACKed. If the radio resources are sufficient, a more robust MCS may be used to increase the probability of successful transmissions from the WTRU 205 to the source Node-B 210. In step 535, the handover is completed at the expiration of the activation timer.
In order for the WTRU 205 to understand that the scheduled uplink transmission is intended for data blocks with previous transmission failures, the source Node-B 210 uplink scheduler 255 may specify that the scheduled UL transmission is intended for the data blocks that were previously NACKed. This may be implemented by including H-ARQ process identification in the UL scheduling information that is sent from the source Node-B 210 to the WTRU 205. By receiving the scheduling information from the source Node-B 210, the WTRU 205 knows that the scheduled transmission is for specific data associated with HARQ process identification sent together with the scheduling information.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in forms and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as described above.
1. A method for communicating by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) during a handover process from a primary cell to a non-primary cell, the method comprising:
receiving scheduling information via the primary cell and not via the non-primary cell;
transmitting, via the primary cell and the non-primary cell, enhanced uplink (EU) data according to the scheduling information to control interference at the primary cell and at the non-primary cell;
receiving hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACKs) via the primary cell; and
receiving negative acknowledgements (NACKs) via the primary cell and not via the non-primary cell.
receiving an identifier indicating the primary cell and the non-primary cell.
transmitting downlink power measurements of transmissions received by the WTRU.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the EU data includes identification information of the WTRU.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of a HARQ process identification and a transmit power level of the WTRU.
transmitting the EU data using synchronous HARQ.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the EU data is transmitted in accordance with the received scheduling information.
retransmitting the EU data from the WTRU via the primary cell and the non-primary cell upon receipt of a NACK.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover process is a soft handover.
10. A wireless network comprising a plurality of Node-Bs configured to communicate with a wireless transmit/receiver unit (WTRU) during a handover process from a first Node-B of the plurality of Node-Bs to a second Node-B of the plurality of Node-Bs by:
transmitting scheduling information to the WTRU via the first Node-B;
receiving enhanced uplink (EU) data from the WTRU via the first Node-B and the second Node-B according to the scheduling information to control interference at the first Node-B and at the second Node-B;
transmitting hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACKs) to the WTRU via the first Node-B; and
transmitting negative acknowledgements (NACKs) to the WTRU via the first Node-B and not via the second Node-B.
11. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the first Node-B controls a primary cell and the second Node-B controls a non-primary cell.
12. The wireless network of claim 10, further comprising:
a radio network controller (RNC) to transmit to the plurality of Node-Bs an identifier indicating the first Node-B and the second Node-B.
13. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the plurality of Node-Bs is further configured to receive, from the WTRU, downlink power measurements of transmissions received by the WTRU.
14. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the EU data includes identification information of the WTRU.
15. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of a HARQ process identification and a transmit power level of the WTRU.
16. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the first and second Node-Bs are further configured to receive the EU data using synchronous HARQ.
17. The wireless network of claim 10, wherein the handover process is a soft handover.
18. A Node B comprising:
at least one transceiver; and
wherein, when the Node B is performing an intra-Node B handover process for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) from a primary cell to a non-primary cell, the processor causes the at least one transceiver to: transmit, via the primary cell and not via the non-primary cell, scheduling information to the WTRU to schedule enhanced uplink (EU) data transmissions from the WTRU, receive, via the primary cell and the non-primary cell, EU data transmissions from the WTRU, wherein the EU data transmission from the WTRU are transmitted according to the scheduling information, transmit, via the primary cell, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACKs) to the WTRU, and transmit, via the primary cell but not via the non-primary cell, negative acknowledgements (NACKs) to the WTRU.
19. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the transceiver is configured to process an identifier indicating the primary cell and the non-primary cell.
20. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive downlink power measurements of transmissions transmitted by the transceiver.
21. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the EU data includes identification information of the WTRU.
22. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of a HARQ process identification and a transmit power level.
23. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the transceiver receives the EU data using synchronous HARQ.
24. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the transceiver receives the EU data in accordance with the transmitted scheduling information.
25. The Node B of claim 18, wherein the EU data transmissions are scheduled to control interference at the primary cell and at the non-primary cell.
26. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless transmit/receiver unit (WTRU); and
a wireless network including a primary cell and a non-primary cell, the primary cell and the non-primary cell being associated with a Node-B,
wherein, during a handover process from the primary cell to the non-primary cell, the Node-B is configured to transmit scheduling information to the WTRU via the primary cell and not via the non-primary cell to schedule enhanced uplink (EU) data transmissions from the WTRU, the WTRU is configured to transmit EU data transmissions to the Node-B via the primary cell and the non-primary cell, the Node-B is configured to receive, via the primary cell and the non-primary cell, EU data transmissions from the WTRU according to the scheduling information, the Node-B is configured to transmit hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACKs) via the primary cell, and the Node-B is configured to transmit negative acknowledgements (NACKs) via the primary cell and to not transmit the NACKs via the non-primary cell.
27. The wireless communication system of claim 26, wherein the Node-B is further configured to receive, from the WTRU, downlink power measurements of transmissions received by the WTRU.
28. The wireless communication system of claim 26, wherein the EU data includes identification information of the WTRU.
29. The wireless communication system of claim 26, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of a HARQ process identification and a transmit power level of the WTRU.
Publication Date: Jun 20, 2019
Applicant: Signal Trust for Wireless Innovation (Wilmington, DE)
Inventors: Guodong Zhang (Syosset, NY), Sung-Hyuk Shin (Northvale, NJ), Stephen E. Terry (Northport, NY), James M. Miller (Verona, NJ), Stephen G. Dick (Nesconset, NY)
International Classification: H04W 36/18 (20060101); H04L 1/18 (20060101); H04W 74/04 (20060101); H04W 74/00 (20060101);


text:
Tags: dental implants bone grafting
Dental implants are considered the best tooth replacement option available. An implant replaces the root of a tooth and allows for the replacement of the crown via attachments or abutments. They not only look like a real tooth, they function like one too.
Implants, though, for some are a significant investment and may be well beyond a person's financial means if they've experienced a sudden tooth loss. For that reason, many opt for a less expensive tooth replacement option like a removable partial denture.
Later when they can afford it, a person might consider an implant. But this could pose a complication. When a tooth is missing for some time, the underlying bone doesn't rejuvenate normally because it no longer receives stimulation from the tooth. Over time, the amount of bone may diminish. Restorations like dentures can't stop this bone loss and actually aggravates it.
For proper positioning, an implant requires a certain amount of bone volume. So, it's quite possible when the time comes to replace the old restoration with an implant that there may not be enough bone available.
We may be able to overcome this bone loss with bone grafting and regeneration. A specialist such as a periodontist or oral surgeon accesses the area surgically and inserts bone graft material, usually processed material that's completely safe. Properly placed, the bone graft serves as a scaffold that, along with growth stimulators, encourages bone cells to grow.
When the bone grafting has healed enough, we're then able to place the implant. Once imbedded in the bone, one of the implant's unique qualities comes into play. The imbedded post is made of the metal titanium, which is not only bio-compatible with body tissues, it also has an affinity with bone. Bone cells will easily grow and adhere to the implant surface. This further boosts bone growth in the area and strengthens the implant's hold.
These extra procedures to build back lost bone do add to the cost and time for installing an implant. But if you're ready for a more permanent restoration for a missing tooth — not to mention better bone health — the extra time and money will be well worth it.
If you would like more information on dental implants, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation.
Tags: celebrity smiles thumb sucking
It's no secret that many of Hollywood's brightest stars didn't start out with perfectly aligned, pearly-white teeth. And these days, plenty of celebs are willing to share their stories, showing how dentists help those megawatt smiles shine. In a recent interview with W magazine, Emma Stone, the stunning 28-year-old star of critically-acclaimed films like La La Land and Birdman, explained how orthodontic appliances helped her overcome problems caused by a harmful habit: persistent thumb sucking in childhood.
"I sucked my thumb until I was 11 years old," she admitted, mischievously adding "It's still so soothing to do it." Although it may have been comforting, the habit spelled trouble for her bite. "The roof of my mouth is so high-pitched that I had this huge overbite," she said. "I got this gate when I was in second grade… I had braces, and then they put a gate."
While her technical terminology isn't quite accurate, Stone is referring to a type of appliance worn in the mouth which dentists call a "tongue crib" or "thumb/finger appliance." The purpose of these devices is to stop children from engaging in "parafunctional habits" — that is, behaviors like thumb sucking or tongue thrusting, which are unrelated to the normal function of the mouth and can cause serious bite problems. (Other parafunctional habits include nail biting, pencil chewing and teeth grinding.)
When kids develop the habit of regularly pushing the tongue against the front teeth (tongue thrusting) or sucking on an object placed inside the mouth (thumb sucking), the behavior can cause the front teeth to be pushed out of alignment. When the top teeth move forward, the condition is commonly referred to as an overbite. In some cases a more serious situation called an "open bite" may develop, which can be difficult to correct. Here, the top and bottom front teeth do not meet or overlap when the mouth is closed; instead, a vertical gap is left in between.
Orthodontic appliances are often recommended to stop harmful oral habits from causing further misalignment. Most appliances are designed with a block (or gate) that prevents the tongue or finger from pushing on the teeth; this is what the actress mentioned. Normally, when the appliance is worn for a period of months it can be expected to modify the child's behavior. Once the habit has been broken, other appliances like traditional braces or clear aligners can be used to bring the teeth into better alignment.
But in Stone's case, things didn't go so smoothly. "I'd take the gate down and suck my thumb underneath the mouth appliance," she admitted, "because I was totally ignoring the rule to not suck your thumb while you're trying to straighten out your teeth." That rule-breaking ended up costing the aspiring star lots of time: she spent a total of 7 years wearing braces.
Fortunately, things worked out for the best for Emma Stone: She now has a brilliant smile and a stellar career — plus a shiny new Golden Globe award! Does your child have a thumb sucking problem or another harmful oral habit? For more information about how to correct it, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can learn more in the Dear Doctor magazine article "How Thumb Sucking Affects the Bite."
Tags: tooth decay
Tooth decay is one of the world's most prevalent diseases — and one of the most preventable. We've known the primary prevention recipe for decades: brushing and flossing daily, and dental cleanings and checkups at least twice a year.
But consistent oral hygiene isn't enough — you should also pay attention to your overall health, diet and lifestyle habits. Each of these areas in their own way can contribute to abnormally high mouth acid, which can soften enamel and open the door to tooth decay.
Lower saliva production is one such problem that can arise due to issues with your health. Among its many properties, saliva neutralizes acid and helps maintain the mouth's optimum neutral pH level. But some health conditions or medications can reduce saliva flow: less saliva means less neutralization and chronic acidity.
You can also inhibit saliva flow with one particular lifestyle habit — smoking. Tobacco smoke can damage salivary glands. Nicotine, tobacco's active ingredient, constricts blood vessels, leading to fewer antibodies delivered by the blood stream to mouth tissues to fight disease.
A diet heavy on acidic foods and beverages can also increase mouth acidity. It's not only what you're eating or drinking — it's also how often. If you're constantly snacking or sipping on something acidic, saliva doesn't have a chance to complete the neutralizing process.
In addition to your daily oral hygiene practice, you should also make changes in these other areas to further lower your risk of tooth decay. If you're taking medications that cause dry mouth, see if your doctor can prescribe a different one or try using products that stimulate saliva. Quit smoking, of course, as much for your mouth as for the rest of your health.
On the dietary front, reduce your intake of acidic foods and beverages, especially sodas, energy or sports drinks. If you've counted on the latter for hydration, switch to water instead. And limit acidic foods to mealtime rather than throughout the day.
It's all about maintaining a healthy pH level in your mouth. Doing so along with good oral hygiene will help you better avoid destructive tooth decay.
If you would like more information on preventing tooth decay, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "Tooth Decay: How to Assess Your Risk."


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Claver es un municipio filipino de segunda categoría, situado en la parte nordeste de la isla de Mindanao. Forma parte de la provincia de Surigao del Norte situada en la Región Administrativa de Caraga, también denominada Región XIII. Para las elecciones está encuadrado en el Segundo Distrito Electoral.

Geografía
Se trata del municipio de mayor extensión superficial de la provincia. Está situado en el extremo suroriental, 60 kilómetros al este de la ciudad de Surigao, en la isla de Mindanao frente al seno de Dinagat separado de la isla Grande de Bucas por el Canal de Gutuán (Hinatuan Passage). La isla Grande de Bucas cierra el Canal de Gutuán separándolo del mar de Filipinas, a poca distancia de la fosa de Filipinas.

Su término linda al norte con el mar, Canal de Gutuán; al suroeste con la provincia de Surigao del Sur, municipio de Carrascal; al este con Higaquit; y al suroeste con la provincia de Agusán del Norte, municipios de Kitcharao y de Jabonga.

Islas adyacentes son las de Lapinigán; de Carangbanua y de Kabudjuán, pertenecientes al barrio de Wangke, Malinguín del barrio de Urbiztondo; y Millari del barrio de  Taganito.

Barrios
El municipio  de Claver se divide, a los efectos administrativos, en 14 barangayes o barrios, conforme a la siguiente relación:

Economía
Gran parte del término municipal tierra es una reserva de minerales de hierro.
Minería y agricultura son las principales fuentes de subsistencia.

Historia
El actual territorio de Surigao del Norte fue parte de la provincia de Caraga durante la mayor parte del período español.
Así, a principios del siglo XX la isla de Mindanao se hallaba dividida en siete distritos o provincias.
El Distrito 3º de Surigao, llamado hasta 1858  provincia de Caraga, tenía por capital el pueblo de Surigao e incluía la  Comandancia de Butuan.
Uno de sus pueblos era Gigaquit de 9,997, con las visitas de Bacuag, Claver y Taganito, hoy barrio de Claver;

En 1904, durante la ocupación estadounidense de Filipinas muchos municipios  se convirtieron en barrios. La provincia de Surigao retuvo sólo los de Surigao, Placer, Dinagat y Dapa.
Este fue  el caso de Claver.

En 1955 alcanza la condición de municipio, siendo su territorio  segregado del término de Higaquit.

Fiestas
El municipio de Claver celebra su fiesta anual el día 9 de septiembre  en honor a su patrón  San Pedro Claver, el esclavo de los esclavos, misionero y sacerdote jesuita español quien pasó a la posteridad por su entrega a aliviar el sufrimiento de los esclavos de Cartagena de Indias.
.

Referencias

Localidades de Surigao del Norte
Municipios de Filipinas de Segunda Categoría

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Jerzy Dąbrowski (ur. 23 grudnia 1888 w Wołokitynie, zm. 1 czerwca 1933 w Kamieniu Koszyrskim) – major piechoty Wojska Polskiego, historyk wojskowości.

Życiorys
Był synem Stefana Henryka oraz Łucji z domu Łapieszkiewicz. Od 1901 do 1905 uczył się w szkole realnej w miejscowości Sumy, która położona była w guberni charkowskiej. W 1908 ukończył szkołę realną w Kijowie i otrzymał świadectwo maturalne. W Tambowie uczęszczał do Szkoły Geometrycznej, po której ukończeniu pracował od 13 kwietnia 1910 do 5 grudnia 1912 na etacie pomocnika geometry przy urzędzie ziemskim. Później w Archangielsku był topografem w urzędzie lasów.

19 lutego 1912 wstąpił do armii rosyjskiej. W okresie od 15 października 1914 do 15 lutego 1915 służył w I Szkole Chorążych w Peterhofie, a od 15 lutego do 16 marca w III Brygadzie Rezerwowej. Walczył na froncie od 17 marca w 284 Węgrowskim Pułku Piechoty na stanowisku dowódcy kompanii. W lutym 1917 awansował na porucznika. Był dwa razy ranny. W okresie od 15 marca do 30 maja 1918 pełnił służbę w III Korpusie Wschodnim jako porucznik Legii Oficerskiej. Brał z nią udział podczas bitwy pod Tywrowem i Hniwaniem.

Od 19 lutego 1919 w Wojsku Polskim, gdzie otrzymał przydział jako oficer ds. zleceń w Wojskowym Biurze Werbunkowym w Wołkowysku. Następnie złożył prośbę o skierowanie do 81 pułk strzelców Grodzieńskich, a po jego otrzymaniu został 18 marca 1919 skierowany na front. W pułku pełnił obowiązki adiutanta, a następnie od 29 kwietnia objął obowiązki dowódcy kompanii i od 19 września p.o. dowódcy I batalionu. 5 listopada 1919 uczestniczył w bitwie pod Leplem. Od 11 sierpnia 1920 dowodził w pułku kompanią, z którą walczył podczas trwającej bitwy warszawskiej. Od 20 września biorąc udział w bitwie nad Niemnem pełnił obowiązki dowódcy batalionu w Nowogródzkim pułku strzelców, aż do zakończenia działań wojennych.

Po zakończonych działaniach wojennych pozostał na zajmowanym stanowisku. W 1921 na trzy miesiące został oddelegowany do Kobrynia na odbywający się tam kurs dla dowódców batalionów. Od 1 maja 1924 dowodził kompanią w 74 pułku piechoty, a od 20 listopada w 45 pułku piechoty. W lutym 1927 został przeniesiony służbowo do Biura Historycznego Sztabu Generalnego w Warszawie na trzy miesiące. W czerwcu przedłużono mu przeniesienie służbowe do 10 sierpnia. W sierpniu 1927 został przeniesiony do kadry oficerów piechoty z równoczesnym przydziałem do Wojskowego Biura Historycznego na stanowisko referenta. 18 lutego 1928 został mianowany majorem ze starszeństwem z 1 stycznia 1928 i 194. lokatą w korpusie oficerów piechoty. Zmarł 1 czerwca 1933 w Kamieniu Koszyrskim "po długich i ciężkich cierpieniach, związanych z odnowieniem się ran, otrzymanych w czasie wojny". Dwa dni później został pochowany na tamtejszym cmentarzu.

Życie prywatne
Jego żoną od 23 kwietnia 1924 była Wanda z domu Gaworowska. Mieli córkę Marię urodzoną 14 lutego 1925, która zmarła w Warszawie 19 kwietnia 1933.

Ordery i odznaczenia
 Krzyż Walecznych (czterokrotnie)
 Złoty Krzyż Zasługi
 Krzyż Zasługi Wojsk Litwy Środkowej – 3 marca 1926
 Medal Pamiątkowy za Wojnę 1918–1921
 Medal Dziesięciolecia Odzyskanej Niepodległości
 Order Świętej Anny 3 stopnia
 Order Świętej Anny 4 stopnia
 Order Świętego Stanisława (Imperium Rosyjskie) 2 stopnia
 Order Świętego Stanisława (Imperium Rosyjskie) 3 stopnia

Twórczość
Był autorem szeregu prac specjalistycznych z dziedziny historyczno-taktycznej wojny 1920 i taktyki piechoty, drukowanych w Bellonie i Przeglądzie Piechoty.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Dzieła Jerzego Dąbrowskiego w bibliotece Polona

Majorowie piechoty II Rzeczypospolitej
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Walecznych (czterokrotnie)
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Zasługi Wojsk Litwy Środkowej
Odznaczeni Medalem Pamiątkowym za Wojnę 1918–1921
Odznaczeni Orderem Świętej Anny
Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Stanisława (Imperium Rosyjskie)
Odznaczeni Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi (II Rzeczpospolita)
Polacy – oficerowie Imperium Rosyjskiego
Polscy historycy wojskowości
Urodzeni w 1888
Zmarli w 1933


text:
Military Defense
Hawaii Federal Defense
Hawaii Criminal Defense
Administrative separation lawyer
Have You Received Notice of Administrative Separation?
What is administrative separation in the military?
An administrative separation can mean a premature end to your military career. While there are many types of cases that can constitute being forced out of the military, some common offenses include assault and drug abuse. We could guide you through this process and handle any charges that may threaten your livelihood.
Administrative separation or sometimes referred as ADSEP is the military equivalent of being fired from a job, only with more red tape and paperwork. A seasoned attorney could help protect your reputation and your career from an unfair separation proceeding.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATION AND PUNITIVE DISCHARGE?
How long someone is in the military is usually determined by the enlistment contract the servicemember signs when they join their military branch. Two types of processes can end the contract sooner than it expires. These are punitive separation and administrative separation. A punitive discharge occurs when the service member commits a serious crime and is discharged from the military by a Court Martial. For enlisted servicemembers, this comes in the form of a "bad conduct discharge," or a "dishonorable discharge." Officers are subject to "dismissal," which has the effect of a dishonorable discharge. A punitive discharge is authorized for the majority of offenses under the UCMJ.
Administrative separations are the non-criminal route for military separation before a contract ends. These discharges are not always honorable, and they can have a profound impact on the service member in your military career and civilian life afterward.
Types of Military Discharge.
A servicemember can be processed for administrative separation if the preponderance of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed an offense. The character of service for administrative separation reflects military behavior and performance of duty during a specific period of service. The three characterizations are honorable, general (under honorable conditions), and under other than honorable conditions ("OTH"). The service of Soldiers in entry-level status is normally described as uncharacterized. A servicemember with a general or OTH discharge will forfeit certain benefits depending on the type of discharge. It is often more challenging to find a civilian job with a general or OTH discharge on the books. We can help protect the reputation any service member across the globe who is facing administrative separation.
Did You Receive Notice of Administrative Separation?
An administrative separation is a serious, complex process that is detailed in service regulations. The first step of this process is when written communication is delivered to the service member that states the basis of the separation. This is where the service member's offenses are listed and what characterization of service is being recommended. If you have received notice, contact us.
If a servicemember is recommended for an OTH discharge or has 6 years of active service, he or she will be entitled to an administrative separation board to hear the case. The Coast Guard requires 8 years of active service or recommendation of OTH discharge to be entitled to a board. The board, comprised of 3 members, will make recommendations to the separation authority about whether the servicemember should be separated and what characterization of service should be awarded. If a servicemember is not entitled to a board, written rebuttal matters can be submitted to the separation authority. It is crucial that the service member seeks legal help as soon as possible as this process can strip someone of most veteran benefits as well.
Call Me Today If You've Received
Notice of Administrative Separation
A premature end to your military career can follow you throughout your lifetime. It can impact your benefits and your ability to find a career in civilian life. Fortunately, we can help you fight to keep your career and your reputation in the military. David S. Hendrickson has experience as both a prior enlisted servicemember and a highly successful JAG officer. He has a better chance of understanding what route to take for a favorable outcome in your case. You are not alone. Call today to schedule a personal, private consultation with a seasoned attorney.
MILITARY LAW SERVICES
Administrative Separation
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Non-Judicial Punishment
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Adverse Administrative Action
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Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Hawaii Standard Time.
Available for call 24/7
** This website is for informational purposes only. Nothing on this website is meant to be or should be construed as legal advice. Before making any decisions about your case, please consult with an attorney as the facts and circumstances of every case is different.


A 35 year old man from Asland, was arrested on Wednesday, April 17th for allegedly stealing a lighter and some change from a car that was parked in a Shaw's parking lot, according to an article in the MetroWest Daily News. Officers reportedly arrived at the Shaw's parking lot in the Pond Street Plaza before noon for a report of a fight. Upon arrival, officers allegedly witnessed several men fighting with the defendant, who was being held by two other men. The men then reportedly told officers that they had witnessed the defendant going into multiple cars in the parking lot, including a Ford pickup truck belonging to one of the men. The men reportedly also stated that when they approached the defendant, he fled across the street, and they caught him and brought him back to the Shaw's parking lot. The owner of the truck reportedly claimed a white cigarette lighter and some loose change from the center console was missing after the incident. An officer then allegedly frisked the defendant and found the missing items on him.
The defendant was reportedly arrested and charged with breaking and entering a motor vehicle, a misdemeanor, and larceny under $250, also a misdemeanor. He was released without bail on Thursday at Framingham District Court. The defendant was ordered to return to court for a pretrial conference on June 14.
The defendant is facing two misdemeanor charges. Many people may assume that misdemeanor charges will not lead to severe penalties like a felony can. However, the defendant may still be facing serious penalties, particularly if he has a record with other charges or convictions in it. If he has a record with other offenses on it, his punishment for this offense may be more severe than if this is his first time being charged with a crime. That being said, the defendant can still have a favorable outcome in this case and may avoid jail time. The amount of money and goods taken in this case was relatively minor, which is helpful to him.
The defendant may come away from this situation with only minor penalties if he has an experienced Massachusetts criminal defense attorney on his side. In this case, the crimes are economic crimes, rather than violent crimes. Courts can be convinced to look more favorably on defendants who are committing non-violent crimes motivated by economic need if the arguments are framed in a sincere manner and the defendant is determined to refrain from committing further crimes. Additionally, a skilled attorney may be able to help the defendant win his case altogether and clear his name of any wrongdoing. Either way, he is in need of an experienced criminal defender who will fight to protect his liberty.
If you or a loved one is facing larceny charges or has been charged with entering a motor vehicle, call me today.


Today, 9 May, is Europe Day. We celebrate the existence of the European Union, and we reflect on how we advanced in the last 50 years. For EFAy, we focus on how we are moving from a Europe of War to a Europe of Peoples.
The European Free Alliance launches a video campaign today to focus on these subjects. This month, on 22 to 25 May, the citizens of the European Union elect their representatives to the European Parliament for the next 5 years. The video recalls why it is important to vote and how the European Union affects us all.
This year is a year of self-determination in Europe. Vote for your EFA/EFAy party in the European Elections!
← Le peuple breton: un peuple fier, un peuple solidaire!