text:
"""Dummy Port implementation used for testing."""
from __future__ import with_statement

import base64
import time

from webkitpy.common.system import filesystem_mock
from webkitpy.tool import mocktool

import base

# This sets basic expectations for a test. Each individual expectation
# can be overridden by a keyword argument in TestList.add().
class TestInstance:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.base = name[(name.rfind("/") + 1):name.rfind(".html")]
        self.crash = False
        self.exception = False
        self.hang = False
        self.keyboard = False
        self.error = ''
        self.timeout = False
        self.is_reftest = False

        # The values of each field are treated as raw byte strings. They
        # will be converted to unicode strings where appropriate using
        # MockFileSystem.read_text_file().
        self.actual_text = self.base + '-txt'
        self.actual_checksum = self.base + '-checksum'

        # We add the '\x8a' for the image file to prevent the value from
        # being treated as UTF-8 (the character is invalid)
        self.actual_image = self.base + '\x8a' + '-png'

        self.expected_text = self.actual_text
        self.expected_checksum = self.actual_checksum
        self.expected_image = self.actual_image

        self.actual_audio = None
        self.expected_audio = None

# This is an in-memory list of tests, what we want them to produce, and
# what we want to claim are the expected results.
class TestList:
    def __init__(self):
        self.tests = {}

    def add(self, name, **kwargs):
        test = TestInstance(name)
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            test.__dict__[key] = value
        self.tests[name] = test

    def add_reftest(self, name, reference_name, same_image):
        self.add(name, actual_checksum='xxx', actual_image='XXX', is_reftest=True)
        if same_image:
            self.add(reference_name, actual_checksum='xxx', actual_image='XXX', is_reftest=True)
        else:
            self.add(reference_name, actual_checksum='yyy', actual_image='YYY', is_reftest=True)

    def keys(self):
        return self.tests.keys()

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return item in self.tests

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.tests[item]

def unit_test_list():
    tests = TestList()
    tests.add('failures/expected/checksum.html',
              actual_checksum='checksum_fail-checksum')
    tests.add('failures/expected/crash.html', crash=True)
    tests.add('failures/expected/exception.html', exception=True)
    tests.add('failures/expected/timeout.html', timeout=True)
    tests.add('failures/expected/hang.html', hang=True)
    tests.add('failures/expected/missing_text.html', expected_text=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/image.html',
              actual_image='image_fail-png',
              expected_image='image-png')
    tests.add('failures/expected/image_checksum.html',
              actual_checksum='image_checksum_fail-checksum',
              actual_image='image_checksum_fail-png')
    tests.add('failures/expected/audio.html',
              actual_audio=base64.b64encode('audio_fail-wav'), expected_audio='audio-wav',
              actual_text=None, expected_text=None,
              actual_image=None, expected_image=None,
              actual_checksum=None, expected_checksum=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/keyboard.html', keyboard=True)
    tests.add('failures/expected/missing_check.html',
              expected_checksum=None,
              expected_image=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/missing_image.html', expected_image=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/missing_audio.html', expected_audio=None,
              actual_text=None, expected_text=None,
              actual_image=None, expected_image=None,
              actual_checksum=None, expected_checksum=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/missing_text.html', expected_text=None)
    tests.add('failures/expected/newlines_leading.html',
              expected_text="\nfoo\n", actual_text="foo\n")
    tests.add('failures/expected/newlines_trailing.html',
              expected_text="foo\n\n", actual_text="foo\n")
    tests.add('failures/expected/newlines_with_excess_CR.html',
              expected_text="foo\r\r\r\n", actual_text="foo\n")
    tests.add('failures/expected/text.html', actual_text='text_fail-png')
    tests.add('failures/unexpected/crash.html', crash=True)
    tests.add('failures/unexpected/text-image-checksum.html',
              actual_text='text-image-checksum_fail-txt',
              actual_checksum='text-image-checksum_fail-checksum')
    tests.add('failures/unexpected/timeout.html', timeout=True)
    tests.add('http/tests/passes/text.html')
    tests.add('http/tests/passes/image.html')
    tests.add('http/tests/ssl/text.html')
    tests.add('passes/error.html', error='stuff going to stderr')
    tests.add('passes/image.html')
    tests.add('passes/audio.html',
              actual_audio=base64.b64encode('audio-wav'), expected_audio='audio-wav',
              actual_text=None, expected_text=None,
              actual_image=None, expected_image=None,
              actual_checksum=None, expected_checksum=None)
    tests.add('passes/platform_image.html')
    tests.add('passes/checksum_in_image.html',
              expected_checksum=None,
              expected_image='tEXtchecksum\x00checksum_in_image-checksum')

    # Text output files contain "\r\n" on Windows.  This may be
    # helpfully filtered to "\r\r\n" by our Python/Cygwin tooling.
    tests.add('passes/text.html',
              expected_text='\nfoo\n\n', actual_text='\nfoo\r\n\r\r\n')

    # For reftests.
    tests.add_reftest('passes/reftest.html', 'passes/reftest-expected.html', same_image=True)
    tests.add_reftest('passes/mismatch.html', 'passes/mismatch-expected-mismatch.html', same_image=False)
    tests.add_reftest('failures/expected/reftest.html', 'failures/expected/reftest-expected.html', same_image=False)
    tests.add_reftest('failures/expected/mismatch.html', 'failures/expected/mismatch-expected-mismatch.html', same_image=True)
    tests.add_reftest('failures/unexpected/reftest.html', 'failures/unexpected/reftest-expected.html', same_image=False)
    tests.add_reftest('failures/unexpected/mismatch.html', 'failures/unexpected/mismatch-expected-mismatch.html', same_image=True)
    # FIXME: Add a reftest which crashes.

    tests.add('websocket/tests/passes/text.html')
    return tests

# Here we use a non-standard location for the layout tests, to ensure that
# this works. The path contains a '.' in the name because we've seen bugs
# related to this before.

LAYOUT_TEST_DIR = '/test.checkout/LayoutTests'

# Here we synthesize an in-memory filesystem from the test list
# in order to fully control the test output and to demonstrate that
# we don't need a real filesystem to run the tests.

def unit_test_filesystem(files=None):
    """Return the FileSystem object used by the unit tests."""
    test_list = unit_test_list()
    files = files or {}

    def add_file(files, test, suffix, contents):
        dirname = test.name[0:test.name.rfind('/')]
        base = test.base
        path = LAYOUT_TEST_DIR + '/' + dirname + '/' + base + suffix
        files[path] = contents

    # Add each test and the expected output, if any.
    for test in test_list.tests.values():
        add_file(files, test, '.html', '')
        if test.is_reftest:
            continue
        if test.actual_audio:
            add_file(files, test, '-expected.wav', test.expected_audio)
            continue

        add_file(files, test, '-expected.txt', test.expected_text)
        add_file(files, test, '-expected.checksum', test.expected_checksum)
        add_file(files, test, '-expected.png', test.expected_image)

    # Add the test_expectations file.
    files[LAYOUT_TEST_DIR + '/platform/test/test_expectations.txt'] = """
WONTFIX : failures/expected/checksum.html = IMAGE
WONTFIX : failures/expected/crash.html = CRASH
// This one actually passes because the checksums will match.
WONTFIX : failures/expected/image.html = PASS
WONTFIX : failures/expected/audio.html = AUDIO
WONTFIX : failures/expected/image_checksum.html = IMAGE
WONTFIX : failures/expected/mismatch.html = IMAGE
WONTFIX : failures/expected/missing_check.html = MISSING PASS
WONTFIX : failures/expected/missing_image.html = MISSING PASS
WONTFIX : failures/expected/missing_audio.html = MISSING PASS
WONTFIX : failures/expected/missing_text.html = MISSING PASS
WONTFIX : failures/expected/newlines_leading.html = TEXT
WONTFIX : failures/expected/newlines_trailing.html = TEXT
WONTFIX : failures/expected/newlines_with_excess_CR.html = TEXT
WONTFIX : failures/expected/reftest.html = IMAGE
WONTFIX : failures/expected/text.html = TEXT
WONTFIX : failures/expected/timeout.html = TIMEOUT
WONTFIX SKIP : failures/expected/hang.html = TIMEOUT
WONTFIX SKIP : failures/expected/keyboard.html = CRASH
WONTFIX SKIP : failures/expected/exception.html = CRASH
"""

    # Add in a file should be ignored by test_files.find().
    files[LAYOUT_TEST_DIR + 'userscripts/resources/iframe.html'] = 'iframe'

    fs = filesystem_mock.MockFileSystem(files)
    fs._tests = test_list
    return fs

class TestPort(base.Port):
    """Test implementation of the Port interface."""
    ALL_BASELINE_VARIANTS = (
        'test-mac-snowleopard', 'test-mac-leopard',
        'test-win-win7', 'test-win-vista', 'test-win-xp',
        'test-linux-x86',
    )

    def __init__(self, port_name=None, user=None, filesystem=None, **kwargs):
        if not port_name or port_name == 'test':
            port_name = 'test-mac-leopard'
        user = user or mocktool.MockUser()
        filesystem = filesystem or unit_test_filesystem()
        base.Port.__init__(self, port_name=port_name, filesystem=filesystem, user=user,
                           **kwargs)
        self._results_directory = None

        assert filesystem._tests
        self._tests = filesystem._tests

        self._operating_system = 'mac'
        if port_name.startswith('test-win'):
            self._operating_system = 'win'
        elif port_name.startswith('test-linux'):
            self._operating_system = 'linux'

        version_map = {
            'test-win-xp': 'xp',
            'test-win-win7': 'win7',
            'test-win-vista': 'vista',
            'test-mac-leopard': 'leopard',
            'test-mac-snowleopard': 'snowleopard',
            'test-linux-x86': '',
        }
        self._version = version_map[port_name]

        self._expectations_path = LAYOUT_TEST_DIR + '/platform/test/test_expectations.txt'

    def _path_to_driver(self):
        # This routine shouldn't normally be called, but it is called by
        # the mock_drt Driver. We return something, but make sure it's useless.
        return 'junk'

    def baseline_path(self):
        # We don't bother with a fallback path.
        return self._filesystem.join(self.layout_tests_dir(), 'platform', self.name())

    def baseline_search_path(self):
        search_paths = {
            'test-mac-snowleopard': ['test-mac-snowleopard'],
            'test-mac-leopard': ['test-mac-leopard', 'test-mac-snowleopard'],
            'test-win-win7': ['test-win-win7'],
            'test-win-vista': ['test-win-vista', 'test-win-win7'],
            'test-win-xp': ['test-win-xp', 'test-win-vista', 'test-win-win7'],
            'test-linux-x86': ['test-linux', 'test-win-win7'],
        }
        return [self._webkit_baseline_path(d) for d in search_paths[self.name()]]

    def default_child_processes(self):
        return 1

    def default_worker_model(self):
        return 'inline'

    def check_build(self, needs_http):
        return True

    def default_configuration(self):
        return 'Release'

    def diff_image(self, expected_contents, actual_contents,
                   diff_filename=None):
        diffed = actual_contents != expected_contents
        if diffed and diff_filename:
            self._filesystem.write_binary_file(diff_filename,
                "< %s\n---\n> %s\n" % (expected_contents, actual_contents))
        return diffed

    def layout_tests_dir(self):
        return LAYOUT_TEST_DIR

    def name(self):
        return self._name

    def _path_to_wdiff(self):
        return None

    def default_results_directory(self):
        return '/tmp/layout-test-results'

    def setup_test_run(self):
        pass

    def create_driver(self, worker_number):
        return TestDriver(self, worker_number)

    def start_http_server(self):
        pass

    def start_websocket_server(self):
        pass

    def stop_http_server(self):
        pass

    def stop_websocket_server(self):
        pass

    def path_to_test_expectations_file(self):
        return self._expectations_path

    def all_baseline_variants(self):
        return self.ALL_BASELINE_VARIANTS

    # FIXME: These next two routines are copied from base.py with
    # the calls to path.abspath_to_uri() removed. We shouldn't have
    # to do this.
    def filename_to_uri(self, filename):
        """Convert a test file (which is an absolute path) to a URI."""
        LAYOUTTEST_HTTP_DIR = "http/tests/"
        LAYOUTTEST_WEBSOCKET_DIR = "http/tests/websocket/tests/"

        relative_path = self.relative_test_filename(filename)
        port = None
        use_ssl = False

        if (relative_path.startswith(LAYOUTTEST_WEBSOCKET_DIR)
            or relative_path.startswith(LAYOUTTEST_HTTP_DIR)):
            relative_path = relative_path[len(LAYOUTTEST_HTTP_DIR):]
            port = 8000

        # Make http/tests/local run as local files. This is to mimic the
        # logic in run-webkit-tests.
        #
        # TODO(dpranke): remove the media reference and the SSL reference?
        if (port and not relative_path.startswith("local/") and
            not relative_path.startswith("media/")):
            if relative_path.startswith("ssl/"):
                port += 443
                protocol = "https"
            else:
                protocol = "http"
            return "%s://127.0.0.1:%u/%s" % (protocol, port, relative_path)

        return "file://" + self._filesystem.abspath(filename)

    def uri_to_test_name(self, uri):
        """Return the base layout test name for a given URI.

        This returns the test name for a given URI, e.g., if you passed in
        "file:///src/LayoutTests/fast/html/keygen.html" it would return
        "fast/html/keygen.html".

        """
        test = uri
        if uri.startswith("file:///"):
            prefix = "file://" + self.layout_tests_dir() + "/"
            return test[len(prefix):]

        if uri.startswith("http://127.0.0.1:8880/"):
            # websocket tests
            return test.replace('http://127.0.0.1:8880/', '')

        if uri.startswith("http://"):
            # regular HTTP test
            return test.replace('http://127.0.0.1:8000/', 'http/tests/')

        if uri.startswith("https://"):
            return test.replace('https://127.0.0.1:8443/', 'http/tests/')

        raise NotImplementedError('unknown url type: %s' % uri)

class TestDriver(base.Driver):
    """Test/Dummy implementation of the DumpRenderTree interface."""

    def __init__(self, port, worker_number):
        self._port = port

    def cmd_line(self):
        return [self._port._path_to_driver()] + self._port.get_option('additional_drt_flag', [])

    def poll(self):
        return True

    def run_test(self, test_input):
        start_time = time.time()
        test_name = self._port.relative_test_filename(test_input.filename)
        test = self._port._tests[test_name]
        if test.keyboard:
            raise KeyboardInterrupt
        if test.exception:
            raise ValueError('exception from ' + test_name)
        if test.hang:
            time.sleep((float(test_input.timeout) * 4) / 1000.0)

        audio = None
        if test.actual_audio:
            audio = base64.b64decode(test.actual_audio)
        return base.DriverOutput(test.actual_text, test.actual_image,
            test.actual_checksum, audio, crash=test.crash,
            test_time=time.time() - start_time, timeout=test.timeout, error=test.error)

    def start(self):
        pass

    def stop(self):
        pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Armenian Apostolic Church
1700 years of Christianity in Armenia
Virgin Mary with infant Jesus, the adoration of the Magi, 10th century Echmiadzin Gospels, Matenadaran collection
The origins and the history of the Armenian Church
The origins of the Armenian Church date back to the Apostolic age. According to the ancient tradition, which is well supported by historical evidence, Christianity was preached in Armenia as early as the second half of the first century, by the two disciples of Jesus Christ, namely St. Thaddeus (John 14:22-24) and St. Bartholomew (John 1:43-51). During the first three centuries A.D., Christianity in Armenia was under heavy persecution.
It was at the beginning of the fourth century, in 301 A.D., when Christianity was officially accepted by the Armenians as the state religion. St. Gregory the Illuminator (Սուրբ Գրիգոր Լուսաւորիչ, 257-331), the patron Saint of the Armenian Church, and King Thiridates III (Սուրբ Տրդատ Գ, 250-330), the ruler of the time, played a pivotal role in the Christianization of Armenia. It is a historical fact that the Armenians were the first nation to formally adhere to Christianity.
Saint Gregory the Illuminator became the organizer of the Armenian Church hierarchy. From that time, the heads of the Armenian Church have been called "Catholicos" ("Կաթողիկոս") and still hold the same title. St. Gregory chose as the site of the Catholicosate the capital city of Vagharshapat, in Armenia. He built the pontifical residence next to the church of "Holy Mother of God" which took on the name of St. Echmiadzin (Սուրբ Էջմիածին: meaning the place where the Only-Begotten Son was descended), according to a vision, where the Only-Begotten Son of God come down from heaven with a golden hammer in his hand to locate the site of the new cathedral.
The Armenian Church played a highly magnificent role in the life of the Armenian people. The Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 by Saint Mesrob Mashdots (Սուրբ Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, 362-440). The Armenian culture has been flourished under the guidance of the Armenian Church. In the sphere of theology, literature and arts, many Catholicoi, bishops and priests have made valuable contribution to the Christian thought, culture and civilization. The Armenian Church also played a major part in landmark events of Armenian history.
Due to the continuous upheavals, which characterized the history of Armenia, the Catholicosate of Armenia moved to different locations together with the political authority. Thus, in 485, it was transferred to the new capital Dvin. In the 10th century it moved from Dvin to Dzoravank and then to Aghtamar island, in lake Van (927). From Aghtamar moved to Arghina (947), and finally in 992 the Holy See of Armenia was settled in Ani, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Bagradits.
After the fall of the capital Ani in 1045, and its destruction by the Seljukid Turks in 1064, masses of Armenians migrated to Cilicia region. The Catholicosate, together with the people, was settled there. It was first established in Thavblour (1062), then in Dzamendav (1072) present day Zamanti, and in Dzovk (1116) present day Gölcük. In 1149, the Catholicosate moved in the fortress of Hromkla (Hrom-Kla: Roman Fortress), present day Rumkale, on the banks of the Euphrates River, very close to the border of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
In 1293, the Holy See of Armenia moved to Sis, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, where it remained for seven centuries. After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, it was the Armenian Church that assumed the role of national leadership. The Armenian Church is unique in that besides being a religious institution it is also a national institution inasmuch as almost all of its members are either Armenians or of Armenian descent, and for many centuries has played, in the absence of organized Armenian government, the role of this latter.
The Armenian Church after the 14th century
The existence of two Catholicosates within the Armenian Church, namely the Catholicosate in Etchmiadzin in Armenia, and the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia in Sis, is a result of several historical circumstances.
In 1375 the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was destroyed. Cilicia became a battleground for Seljuks, Mamluks and other invaders. In the meantime, the growing cultural and religious awakening in homeland Armenia, led the clergy of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in St. Echmiadzin. The latter was the original seat of the Catholicosate, but it had ceased to function as Catholicossal See after 485.
Thus, in 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Echmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi (Կիրակոս Ա. Վիրապեցի). At the same time Krikor IX Moussapegiants (Գրիգոր Ժ. Մուշափեկիանց) was the Catholicos in Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions.
From 1113 to 1895, there also existed the Armenian Catholicosate of Aghtamar, an independent See of the Armenian Apostolic Church, based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on the Aghtamar Island in lake Van. The Catholicosate was established by Archbishop Davit, member of the ruling dynasty of the Armenian Kingdom of Vaspurakan. Since 16th century, the Catholicosate came under direct jurisdiction of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. The Catholicosate was dissolved in 1895, amid the Hamidian massacres. After the Armenian Genocide in 1915, its former dioceses were transformed to the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The hierarchical organization of the Armenian Church since 1441 recognizes two co-equal heads, each with the title of Catholicos. The primary Catholical See is in Echmiadzin, Armenia, the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians; The second is the seat of the Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia. Each of these two Sees has its own dioceses, which are usually under the supervision of an Archbishop or a Bishop.
The Armenian Church has two patriarchs, the first of which resides in Jerusalem and the second in Istanbul (Constantinople). Both patriarchs of Jerusalem and Constantinople are spiritually dependent to the Catholicosate of Echmiadzin, although they retain their fiscal and organizational independence.
The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem dates back to the Apostolic age. It is the "Apostolic See of St. James in Jerusalem". It marks the continous presence of the Armenian Church in the Holy Land through the centuries. The title Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem dates back to 638 when first Armenian Partiarch was appointed Abraham I. The seat of the Armenian Patriarchate is the Cathedral of St. James (Sourp Hagop, 12th century). The St. James Convent, spritual centre of the Armenians in the Holy Land, is located inside the Armenian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is the spiritual See of the Armenians living within the borders of Turkey. It dates back to 1461, when Patriarch became Hovakim I. After the Armenian Genocide in 1915, formerr dioceses throughout "Western Armenia" were transformed to the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople. The seat of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is Holy Mother of God Patriarchal Church (Sourp Asdvadzadzin) in the Kumkapı neighborhood of Istanbul.
The Armenian Church in Artsakh
In Aghvank (Greater Artsakh) region Christianity was introduced and widely spread by the grandson of St. Gregory the Illuminator, Grigorios, who became the first Archbishop of the Aghvank diocese. Grigorios was martyred in 338. In 4th-5th centuries, Christianity was spread throughout Aghvank region and became the official religion. Saint Mesrob Mashdots (Սուրբ Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, 362-440) introduced the armenian alphabet in the liturgical life of Aghvank.
In the greater Artsakh region were established several important monasteries such as Amaras vank (4th century) and Dadivank (9th-10th century). The See of the Aghvank diocese remained in Partav up to the 10th century. Later, was transferred to Berdakur, then to Khamsh monastery, to Gandzak and finally in 1240 at the Gandzasar monastery of Artsakh.
Gandzasar monastery was built in 1216 by the Armenian prince of Khachen Hasan-Jalal Dawla. The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist was concecrated in 1240. In the 14th century, after the fall of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia, and the re-establishment of a catholicosate at Echmadzin, a regional catholicosate emerged in Artsakh. Gandzasar monastery became the Holy See of the Catholicosate of Aghvank, also known as the Holy See of Gandzasar. Many of its Catholicoi were members of the Armenian Hasan-Jalal Dawla dynasty. In 1815, by the order of the Tsarist government, the Gandzasar Catholicosate was abolished and the diocese of Artsakh became subject to the Catholicosate of Echmiadzin.
In the aftermath of the Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994), the liberation and the establishment of the independent Republic of Artsakh, the diocese of Artsakh covers the entire area of the Republic. It is headquartered in the Holy Saviour "Ghazanchetsots" Cathedral – Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ "Ղազանչեցոց" (1888) at the town of Shushi. Gandzasar monastery remains the historic centre of the diocese.
The Catholicosate of Cilicia
In the 10th century, when the historical region of Armenia was devastated by the Seljukid Turks, the majority of the Armenians left their homeland and came to settle in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, where they re-organized their political, religious and cultural life.
In Cilicia, the Catholicosate became the center of the Armenian life around which the religious, national, cultural, and educational activities were organized. After the Armenian Genocide (1915), the Catholicosate contributed significantly to the formation and organization of the Armenian Diaspora. During World War I (1915-1918), one and a half million Armenians were massacred by the Ottoman-Turkish government.
In 1921, when the French forces evacuated Cilicia, a second wave of massacres ordered by Kemalist Turkey took the lives of another three hundred thousand Armenians. The rest of the Armenians were forced to leave their centuries-old homeland and found refuge mostly in the countries of Europe and in the Middle East.
The Catholicosate in Sis, as well thousands of Armenian churches, monasteries, schools and cultural centers were vandalized, looted, burnt and turned into ruins by the Turks. Catholicos Sahak II (Սահակ Բ. Խապայեան) followed his flock in exile. After wandering in Cyprus, Syria and Lebanon, in 1930, he established the Catholicosate in Antelias, Lebanon.
The Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia has dioceses in the countries of Middle East, in Europe and in North and South America. The survival of the Armenian people after the Genocide became the focus of the Armenian Church's concern. Soon, the Catholicoi of the Holy See of Cilicia gave a new vitality to the mission of the Armenian Church with their active presence and contribution in the life of Armenian communities.
Cathedrals of the Armenian Apostolic Church
The Holy Echmiatzin Cathedral – Էջմիածնի մայր տաճար (literally: the descent of the Only Begotten Son). It is the Mother Cathedral of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Built by St. Gregory the Illuminator in 301, following the adoption of Christianity in Armenia as a state religion.
The Basilica of St. Gregory & St. Sarkis, in the early medieval capital of Dvin (4th-5th century). Only ruins remain today, very close to the modern day Hnaberd village, Armenia
The Basilica of St. John the Baptist & St. Stephen the Protomartyr (4th-5th century) in Yererouk, Anipemza village, Armenia. It is the best preserved proto-Christian Armenian basilica survived to our days.
Zvartnots Cathedral – Զվարթնոց տաճար (literally: place of the celestial angels) is a centrally planned aisled tetraconch type church built by the order of Catholicos Nerses the Builder (643-652). Now in ruins (collapsed since 10th century), it is located at the edge of Vagharshapat city (Echmiadzin).
A museum replica of Zvartnots Cathedral as it supposedly stood during 7th century.
The medieval Armenian capital of Ani (5th-10th century), lies today on the turkish – armenian border line, adjacent to the riverbanks of Akhurian river, on the turkish side of the border.
The Cathedral of Virgin Mary, and the church of Holy Redeemer in the medieval Armenian capital of Ani (5th-10th century).
The Cathedral of Virgin Mary in the medieval capital of Ani, as seen from a different angle.
Cathedral of the Holy Cross (10th century). It was the Holy See of the historical Armenian Catholicosate of Aghtamar (1113-1895). It is located on Aghtamar island, in lake Van.
Gandzasar Monastery – Գանձասարի վանք (10th-13th century), Vank village, Republic of Artsakh. The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist – Սուրբ Յովհաննու Մկրտիչ, was built between 1216 – 1238. It was the Holy See of the historical Armenian Catholicosate of Aghvank (1240-1836).
The Hromkla Fortress (Rumkale) on river Euphrates. It was the Holy See of the Catholicosate of Armenia in 12th-13th centuries, where St. Nerses IV Shnorhali lived and served as the Catholicos of Armenians.
Varagavank monastery (11th century), in Vaspurakan region, modern day Van. One of the richest and most celebrated Armenian monasteries. The Cathedral of St. Sofia (the Wisdom of God) housed a fragment of the True Cross and relics of St. John the Baptist. The monastic complex was vandalized, burnt and turned into ruins during the masacres of the Armenian Genocide in 1915.
Remnants of the Varagavank monastery, now turned into a village barn. Locals call their village "Yedi Kilise" (meaning: Seven Churches) in memory of the seven churches that once comprised the monastic complex of Varagavank. Most of those ruined structures were completely collapsed in 2011, as a result of the Van earthquake.
The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia at Sis (1293-1930). The monastery and the Cathedral of St. Sophia (The Holy Wisdom of God) in a picture of 1890s.
Remnants of the Cathedral of St. Sophia. Once the Holy See of the Catholicosate of Cilicia, now turned into ruins. In the present day village of Kozan, Turkey.
The Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator, in Antelias, Lebanon. Since 1930, it is the Holy See of the Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Located in Samani, Apoi Sanso provides free WiFi. Featuring a 24-hour front desk, this property also provides guests with a restaurant.
At the hotel, the rooms include a closet and a flat-screen TV. The rooms will provide guests with a fridge.
Guests at Apoi Sanso will be able to enjoy activities in and around Samani, like hiking.
This property also has one of the top-rated locations in Samani! Guests are happier about it compared to other properties in the area.
This property is also rated for the best value in Samani! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other properties in this city.
When would you like to stay at Apoi Sanso?
House Rules Apoi Sanso takes special requests – add in the next step!
Apoi Sanso accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Please inform Apoi Sanso of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation.
Although the hotel is only two floors, there was no elevator for heavy luggage which can be a problem for senior citizens. Also, we were surprised that the rooms did NOT have an in-room shower. Only public bathing/onsen facilities were available. Public baths were okay but the floors were a bit slippery and my daughter slipped and fell.
Clean rooms, beautiful view from property.


Applicants must be experienced in electrical mechanical work.
Job requires nationwide on-site repairs, repairs at our A3 Machines workshop, and may also include carrying out repairs at customers premises.
To apply please email your CV with covering letter to a3machines@btconnect.com or telephone 01630 661596 or 07973 938425.


When making your home at a CCRC, you will move into an exciting new life, with more friends, more fun and less worry. But with so many choices in location, lifestyle, services and more, how will you know which CCRC to choose? When deciding, here are a few important points to keep in mind.
Type of living accommodation – CCRCs most commonly offer apartment-style living, with sizes ranging from studios to large two-bedrooms, all in a variety of floor plans. Many communities now offer freestanding homes as well, with more space and privacy and full access to all the activities and amenities that the community offers.
Services and amenities offered – When choosing your future home, you want to be sure it is a good match for how you like to live and what you like to do. Most CCRCs offer a full range of social, educational and cultural activities. These can include things like art classes, lectures and learning, musical performances and more. A range of fitness activities are generally available as well, and may include amenities such as an indoor pool and fitness complex.
In most CCRCs, dining is a social highlight of the day. You may want to check if the hours are convenient, what types of foods are offered and whether special dietary needs such as low-sodium or kosher meals can be accommodated.
Lifestyle – When visiting a CCRC, it is important to consider compatibility with the residents and staff members you meet. Is there enough common interest and background to develop relationships and feel at home in this community? Is the community a good fit for your personality and lifestyle?
Some CCRCs are large complexes with several thousand residents, while others are small and intimate with just a few dozen. Is the size of the community the right fit for you? Do staff members demonstrate professionalism and convey a sense of warmth in their interactions with residents and each other? If residents are happily interacting with one another and the staff, this is a very good sign.
Reputation & Financial Stability – A move to a full-service retirement community is an investment in your future. That's why it is important to be sure the community you choose is on strong financial footing. For example, is the community established, with a long history of success? Is it backed by a large organization with stability and strength? For the highest in quality and care, it is also smart to seek out communities with accreditation from CARF, an independent, national organization. The CARF review process emphasizes financial health and other markers of quality and stability. Only 15 percent of senior living communities nationwide have achieved CARF accreditation.
This article is from Retire Your Way, A Guide to Senior Living. Springpoint Senior Living created Retire Your Way to serve as a resource as you begin researching one of the most important and exciting decisions you will make. It can help you understand the many retirement options that exist today and will introduce you to the continuing care retirement community (CCRC) concept, a model that has become the standard-bearer for the best of retirement living today.
Click here to receive your complimentary copy of Retire Your Way!


The ISCP Diploma in Raw Feeding covers every aspect of feeding your dog a raw food diet. There has been a huge rise in popularity over the last five years of feeding dogs what is referred to as a species-appropriate diet, but there is a lot of conflicting advice on how to carry it out correctly and (very importantly) safely for our dogs.
This course is suitable for complete novices as well as for experienced raw feeders or those who would like to learn more but are nervous of making the leap to feeding in a completely different way.
A wide range of subjects are explored, from canine anatomy and physiology, safely feeding bones and raw meat, to how to formulate a diet that suits your particular dog.
Students have 2 years in which to complete this course.
Caroline has never been without a dog at her side since she was a tiny child. Her life`s ambition has been to pay back a little of the unconditional love, loyalty and fun which her canine friends have given her over the years. It has always been dogs, horses and the great outdoors that have brought, and still continue to bring her, the greatest joy.
In 1990, a number of appointments with an holistic vet to treat a horse who went on to make a remarkable recovery after having been given little chance of survival changed the way that every dog, horse and other animal on the farm was taken care of. This sowed the seed for a passion to study complementary therapies, herbal medicine, and a more natural way of feeding.
She qualified as a sports massage therapist in 1999 and then went on to qualify as an equine and canine massage therapist. Caroline`s CV now spans a wide range of therapies for both human and animal patients. After running her own clinic for 11 years she began to specialise in canine clients, and it became apparent just how vital it was to approach any health or behavioral issue that a dog was struggling with, in a truly holistic way. This approach gained significant improvement and long term resolution when diet, exercise, home environment and adapting to a dog`s individual character was taken into account.
The love of dogs combined with a mission to encourage better nutrition lead her to create the company Hedgerow Hounds, which makes a range of veterinary approved organic herbal blends. She went on to gain her nutritional diploma with a distinction from the Open College, and she regularly attends courses and workshops on canine nutrition, raw feeding and holistic healthcare. Caroline has written two courses on canine nutrition which, alongside her own studies and qualifications, incorporates knowledge taken from 30 years of owning her own dogs and feeding many different types of diet. Caroline also regularly writes articles for two of the leading canine natural health magazines.
She lives in Bedfordshire with her rescue Labradors and two horses.
I qualified as a Veterinary nurse in 1998 and became Head Nurse in a 3 branch mixed practice. I very much enjoyed my role as an NVQ assessor teaching the trainee Vet nurses. My experience in practice was invaluable working in weight clinics, theatre and kennels.
After leaving practice I was lucky enough to complete a BSc in Animal Behaviour and Physiology. This taught me about the evolutionary path our domesticated pets had been on and how innate behaviour and physiology are the key to happiness and health.
Since university I have taught on the VN degree program, worked with Wiltshire Wildlife trust, and returned to practice part time.
My recent role as research and development manager at a Pet Food Company over the last 6 years, has been an education into the pet food industry. Leading me to achieve a diploma in Naturopathy, use diet formulation software and run a research project. I deliver CPD to veterinary professionals and enjoy sharing my experience with owners to help improve diet and health of our dogs.
This RAW Feeding course is set out in a really easy to learn format. I have been raw feeding my dogs for years and found the course to be very interesting and informative – so suitable for both experienced and new raw feeders.
Refunds: There is an optional 14 day cooling off period during which you can ask for a refund on your course fee. However, as the course files are sent electronically, this means we would need to delay sending the course files until after the 14 day period is over. If you wish to take advantage of a cooling off period please send an email to our secretary at secretary@theiscp.com to inform her of your decision, immediately after purchasing. If you do not email the secretary we will assume that you have chosen to receive the files immediately and that you are happy to waive your right to a 14 day cooling off period and the option of a refund. Our secretary will send your files as soon as she receives your form if you have chosen to start the course immediately.


text:
Szpak ozdobny (Creatophora cinerea) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny szpakowatych (Sturnidae), zamieszkujący wschodnią i południową Afrykę. Nie jest zagrożony wyginięciem.

 Systematyka
Jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Creatophora. Nie wyróżnia się podgatunków.

 Występowanie i biotop
Występuje od Erytrei, Etiopii i Somalii po Angolę, Namibię i RPA. Zamieszkuje sawanny, tereny trawiaste, lasy liściaste.

 Morfologia
Osiąga długość około 19–21 cm i masę 70–75 g.

U szpaków ozdobnych występuje dymorfizm płciowy podczas okresu godowego. U samców charakterystyczna jest wówczas płachta nagiej czarnej skóry na gardle, oraz żółtej za oczami. Samica poza okresem lęgowym przypomina w dużym stopniu samca.

 Pokarm
Wszystkożerny – zjada m.in. szarańcze, bezkręgowce, drobne owoce i nasiona.

 Status
IUCN uznaje szpaka ozdobnego za gatunek najmniejszej troski (LC, Least Concern) nieprzerwanie od 1988 (stan w 2020). Liczebność światowej populacji nie została oszacowana, ale ptak ten opisywany jest jako zazwyczaj pospolity po bardzo liczny. Trend liczebności populacji uznawany jest za stabilny.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Szpakowate
Ptaki Afryki
Gatunki i podgatunki zwierząt nazwane w 1787 roku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An object-oriented distributed programming language and environment developed at the University of Washington in the early 1980s. Emeral was the successor to EPL. It is strongly typed and uses signatures and prototypes rather than inheritance.


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Rapid response to the telephone complication a little confusing of useful follow-up from the technician.
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Ostrolenk speaks with Marc Lesser, who is internationally recognized for pioneering in mindful leadership and creating exceptional business cultures. Lesser founded and was CEO of 3 companies and is the author of 4 books. Ostrolenk and Lesser discuss Lesser's journey to mindfulness and his most recent book: Seven Practices of a Mindful Leader (https://www.amazon.com/Seven-Practices-Mindful-Leader-Monastery/dp/1608685195). Lesser discusses the transformation many businesses have undergone from prioritizing machine-like efficiency to requiring collaboration and creativity, which has opened up space for mindful leadership. Ostrolenk and Lesser discuss a few of the seven practices, including Love the Work, Do the Work, and Keep Making it Simpler. To learn more about Lesser and his work, visit his website (https://www.marclesser.net/) and check out his book (https://www.amazon.com/Seven-Practices-Mindful-Leader-Monastery/dp/1608685195).


text:
Latino Vote
U.S.-Mexico Relations
How Trump's Immigration Crackdown Is Traumatizing Students Across the U.S. — Including Many Born Here
by Mark Keierleber
This article was originally published at The 74.
Gathered around a camera in their family's kitchen, the four Duarte children pleaded for help. When their undocumented parents were picked up by border patrol agents outside their home in National City, California, the full-time students, ages 12 to 19, were unable to pay for food, let alone rent.
Yarely and Aracely, 12-year-old twin sisters, had watched it happen. The girls were eating breakfast last May when their father, an undocumented immigrant from Mexico, went outside to grab a newspaper and was swarmed by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents. When their mother went outside to investigate all the commotion, she, too, was arrested.
"It was pretty traumatizing for my little sisters," said 19-year-old Francisco Duarte, the oldest of the four siblings. "They just took them right in front of them. One day everything was normal, and the next day, my parents were gone."
To raise money for their living expenses and their parents' legal fees, the children, who are all U.S. citizens, launched a GoFundMe campaign and released a Youtube video about their experience.
For the estimated 1 million undocumented children in the U.S. — and the roughly 4.5 million young people born here who have at least one undocumented parent, like the Duartes — President Trump's immigration crackdown is creating high levels of psychological distress. As students head back to school this fall, school officials from New York to New Mexico are preparing for increased anxiety and absenteeism among students of immigrant families.
"Kids start lagging behind academically, having social stress, anxiety, depression," said Lisseth Rojas-Flores, an associate professor of marital and family therapy at Fuller Theological Seminary in California. "With the new administration and all the threats for deportation that are so vivid and so real, and all the rhetoric that's going around, the anxiety escalates to a point that can be very paralyzing for some of these kids, who don't want to go to school, or who go to school and sit in there and still worry about their families."
Across the country, school administrators are taking bold steps to protect students and their families. Superintendents and school board members from districts including Miami; Milwaukee; Chicago; New York City; Des Moines; Portland, Oregon, and many others are declaring their schools "sanctuaries" from Trump's immigration policies. While these policies vary, sanctuary schools are offering workshops to students and their families about managing visits from immigration authorities, vowing to shield students' personal data from officials, and promising to block federal agents' access to school property unless they present a warrant.
Since Trump took office, immigration arrests have increased 38 percent, and deportation orders have climbed 31 percent. Because more than 90 percent of those detained and deported are men, many immigrant families are losing their breadwinners, with the very real possibility of economic hardship.
"We are seeing more and more students dropping out," Tania Romero, a social worker at Flushing International high school in Queens, New York, said at a panel discussion in May. "Young people are choosing to leave schools to work and save money in case they're deported anytime soon."
In a statement, a spokeswoman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Jennifer Elzea, said the agency was committed to ensuring that enforcement actions did not "unnecessarily disrupt" undocumented parents with underage children — but that authorities "will no longer exempt classes or categories of removable aliens from potential enforcement."
In the wake of the Duarte family arrests, immigration officials defended their actions in the face
of widespread local protests. Authorities said the children's parents, Francisco Duarte-Tineo and Rosenda Perez-Pelcastre, were connected to a stash house for human smuggling. The family denied those allegations, and no criminal charges have been filed. Perez-Pelcastre was released on bond in June with an ankle bracelet, but the children's father was denied bond.
A July report by the Center for American Progress, a progressive think tank, found that emotional distress and economic insecurity can derail the future success of undocumented children and those with undocumented parents, as families are separated and immigrant communities are targeted by heightened enforcement.
The symptoms are most profound among those — like the Duarte family — whose parents have direct contact with the authorities, according to research by Rojas-Flores.
The lessons of Postville
Postville, Iowa, has become a destination for researchers looking to study the effects of immigration enforcement on youth. The small farm town of roughly 2,000 became a staging ground for one of the largest immigration raids in U.S. history near the end of the school year in 2008, when immigration agents descended on the town in helicopters, SUVs, and buses. They arrested 389 workers at a kosher meatpacking plan, to cries of "la migra, la migra."
After arrests, criminal convictions, and deportations, the community was left in shambles. Immigrant families not displaced by the raid skipped town in fear. Many of the high school's current upperclassmen were young children when the raid took place; one teen recalls 19 children hiding — for weeks — in the family's basement. Others claimed sanctuary in a local Catholic church.
The raid had far-reaching effects on the student population. In a 2011 report, researchers at the University of Northern Iowa documented that students stopped coming to class, while schools found increased behavioral issues among the children who remained.
A report in the International Journal of Epidemiology recorded how heightened anxiety from the raid affected Postville's Latino children before they were born: Nine months after the incident, babies born to Latina mothers were 24 percent more likely to have a low birth weight than those born the previous year.
'La Migra'
Though it's been nearly a decade, the 2008 raid haunts Postville's youth, and Trump's immigration crackdown has renewed anxiety. After immigration agents made an arrest in a neighboring town this spring, fear echoed through classrooms and school hallways over rumors that ICE had returned to Postville.
The high school principal contacted federal authorities and announced over the intercom that no enforcement activity had been confirmed in Postville. But still, kids were afraid to walk home, said Joy Minikwu, the district's English as a second language instructional coach.
A school official's undocumented mother barricaded the front door to her home and hid inside. Others packed their bags and fled.
One student said he went into "alert mode" every time he spots a helicopter. Another told his neighbor, first-grade teacher Lisa Acevada, about his plan should the government deport his parents back to Guatemala: "Mom and Dad said that if they're taken, we'll have to live with you."
Noe Gonzalez, a 14-year-old freshman born in Iowa to undocumented Mexican immigrants, said the thought of his parents being deported preys on his mind. "I don't know what would happen, if I would be deported too or if I'd go to a foster home," he said. "I'd like to stick with them, but yet I don't want to leave the U.S."
In response to this heightened anxiety, educators in Postville and elsewhere have worked to find ways to protect their students. Minikwu said she approached school leaders and pushed them to create a concrete emergency plan, should federal agents ever return. Details are still being discussed.
"My concern is that if something like this were to happen again and we're taken off guard again, it's our own fault for not being prepared," she said. "I think it's something that is pertinent to our families and for us to be as good of a support as we want to be."
This is the third article in a series produced in collaboration with The Guardian examining the climate affecting immigrant school children and their parents as the new school year begins. See a version of this article at TheGuardian.com.
Mark Keierleber is a senior writer at The 74.
Migrant Children Separated From Parents Experienced Severe Trauma. Here's What That Means for America's Schools
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I am stepping out of my comfort zone. This isn't the first time, and I'm sure it won't be the last.
This blog post isn't for everyone. It's a little awkward and not very flattering.
I am embarrassed to say that this has been a long time coming. And I would be remiss if I didn't confess that this is a letting go, of sorts. I'm a pastor's wife. Pastor's wives are "supposed to be able to sing and play the piano", right? Nope. Not this girl. My parents tried. I took piano lessons in elementary school, but this tomboy would rather be outside climbing trees than sitting on a bench practicing her scales.
Don't get me wrong–I love music. I treasure the moments from my past when my Dad and Mom would have jam sessions with their friends. Sunday mornings we woke up to donuts and the Goodman Family. You could find no less than 5-6 instruments in our house, and the only thing I could play with any ease was the tambourine. I am just not gifted the way my father was, and I still pine away for the sound of my daughter playing the piano in her room, or my son playing guitar at all hours of the night. There is nothing sweeter.
Except when you feel like you fall short.
Please hear me. I want nothing more than to encourage you, as the Lord did me today, to sing with all your heart. He hears more than the notes or the melody. He hears your heart. And just as I long to hear the sweet melodies that my children play, He longs for you to praise Him with song.
I needed this. Thank you. A long time ago as a young woman I sang in choir. I was an alto soprano. Some were along the way that voice disappeared. I realized it was gone when my sweet husband started turning up the volume on the radio when I would sing along.
I became aware I could no longer hit some of those high notes any more. Amazingly it is this same husband who encourages me to sing out at church and not worry about my voice that he tells me is still beautiful. Recently a friend told me about his sweet mom who would sing her heart out in praise and worship even if it was a bit flat now and then .
I was feeling a bit envious of all those people who can sing so beautifully and I remembered my dad. His voice would shake the rafters when he sang even though he couldn't carry a time in a bucket he praised the Lord with a mighty voice. I have decide that is what I am called to do. To sing praise to the Lord… no matter what it sounds like.
By the way you have a beautiful voice so calm and sweet.
Thanks so much for sharing Liz! I know that I'm not alone, and I think God just needed me to be obedient to encourage others too!
I absolutely love your realness, Vickie!! Thanks for your obedience and for taking yourself out of your comfort zone. You are setting an example to so many of us!
Thanks, Denise–I really do want to practice obedience every.single.day!
I am not a Pastor's wife but I know all too well the need to surrender to God and the discomfort of having to do so. But I'm so glad He is gracious to us! Yes…His faithful love is high as the heavens. Amen!!
Let us sing to Him joyfully indeed.
When I was young, I sang in a madrigal group in high school – not because I could sing, but because they needed one more person for the group and I was pretty quiet, so I didn't mess them up too badly. When my sons were little, I sang to them until one night, one of them said, "Mama, don't sing, okay?" Guess I was even worse than I knew! I do love belting out songs when I'm alone … and I catch myself whistling without even being aware of it. Sometimes, the happy heart can't resist making a joyful noise… I'm so thankful my Father knows me so well and doesn't tell me to hush.
Me too! Thanks for sharing!


In every corner of the planet, parents love their children equally strong. However, educational parenting techniques in each country vary due to mentality, a way of life, and traditions. While Western parents concentrate more on the idea that a child is a gift from heaven and try to ensure a child's happiness, the Chinese model is based on inurement to work from the cradle. A successful system of education should be based on the fusion of the Western and Chinese systems in order to raise hardworking, educated, and happy children.
In my opinion, to raise children successfully, it is important to combine the best features of the Chinese and Western parenting techniques. According to Chua, there are three major differences between the Western and Asian systems of education. First, Western parents give priority to the self-esteem of children. In contrast, Chinese parents recognize only force and offer no indulgences. Second, Chinese parents believe that children are obligated to them. The roots of this belief lie in the Confucian tradition of filial piety and in the fact that many parents make sacrifices to give children the best education and training. Asian parents are obsessed with their children and are willing to do everything for them. However, Chinese mothers also believe that their children owe them almost everything. Therefore, parents expect that children will return all debts and ensure that their parents are proud of them. Western parents, in their turn, are not fanatical in the upbringing of children, and most of them do not think that their children are obligated to them. Third, Chinese parents believe they know what is best for their children, and they are guided solely by their views, without taking into account the opinion of their offspring. On the other hand, Western parents are more open-minded, and they often let children choose what activities to undertake.
Every child can be successful in school. The only reason for a child's failure is the laziness of its mother. Rosin does not agree with such ideas, stating that the most important thing is freedom of choice and expression. The system of education that was proposed by Chua has a negative impact on children and it is crucial to be less strict. Chua affects the quality of children's social life. Therefore, it is necessary to take everything in moderation and reach a compromise by combining the most effective techniques from these two opposing cultures of parenting in order not to suppress the freedoms of children and to bring up a hardworking and successful person.
It is important to borrow the method of educating a person who respects the elderly and family values from the Chinese system. The main features of the Chinese family include cohesion, the secondary role of women at home, and unquestioned authority of seniors. As all Chinese people used to be subject to the will of the emperor in the past, their children are supposed to express unconditional obedience towards the will of their fathers. In China, the pedagogical idea is to raise a well-read, versatile, and polite person who has an internal self-control and knows how to reach harmony. As a result, the relations in the family are built on the respect of the younger to the older ones. In order to create a successful educational system, parents should incorporate the above mentioned methods and features in their parenting activities.
On the other hand, to raise a free person with independent interests and opinions, it is crucial to borrow the following feature from the Western system of parenting. Western parents believe that children have the right to their own choices. They respect their choices and views, and they think it is wrong to impose what they do not want on them. The Chinese, in their turn, believe that the best protection for children is preparing them for a difficult life and teaching them skills, habits, and self-respect, which will help them survive.
Parents should also borrow a method of instilling love to work, discipline, humility, and ambition from childhood from the Chinese parenting techniques. In China, parents send kids to kindergartens rather early, sometimes at three months. Breastfeeding is terminated from the moment when a baby is able to bring a spoon to its mouth. Thus, diligent development of children begins at an early age Chinese parents do not regret effort and money for the comprehensive development of the child and the search for talent. Patrick Goldstein states that Chinese parenting methods are extreme because children are not permitted to watch TV, play, and get bad grades "as they prepare to be successful in life". In contrast, Western parents are far more permissive. They tend to provide their children with much more personal space and allow them to undertake various activities. In order to raise a versatile person who is both socially and intellectually developed, parents apply the above mentioned approaches in moderation.
In conclusion, both Chinese and Western parenting systems have their own unique advantages. The Chinese tradition of education is rather severe and strict. Parents accustom children to discipline and prohibit everything that does not serve the purposes of education. The Western tradition of education, in its turn, supports the child's choices and creates a favorable environment for the possibility of its self-development. A combination of Western and Chinese styles would be ideal for raising children. The fusion would ensure reasonable discipline and freedom of choice at the same time. The children raised by means of such techniques would grow obedient and would never go beyond the established rules. Taking into account the fact that the Chinese system of education is a mode of maximum loads and the Western model is characterized by respect for the child, a combination of both will create a perfect environment for raising a happy and successful person.
Thanks for these parenting techniques.


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I hate it. The yellowy built up callus at the base of the fingers can be so thick, it looks like dinosaur DNA could be extracted from the bugs encased within. Lifters and CrossFitters seem to wear calluses as a badge at the expense of scratching their girlfriend's soft skin, or heavens to Betsy, their own nether region. There's more detriment than a scratched bosom; calluses are unnecessary unsightly and can rip off. Missing training for a lack of simple hand care is immature.
There always seems to be a little bit of controversy when I bring this topic up. I wanted to try using a visual aid to make the following point: at a given percentage of their respective 1RM, women can do more reps than males. The reason is due to hormones, but that concept leaves the scope of the video. Note that women can increase their neuromuscular efficiency — just like men can — with training.
What examples of this have you seen in your training (if you are a female) or women in your gym?
PR Friday is a forum to allow you to share your triumphs and failures with your strength training brethren. How has your training been this week? What questions do you have for your peers? Talk and mingle.
Do you have a training question? Ask anyone from the 70′s Big Crew a question in the comments below, on Facebook, or Twitter. Follow 70's Big on Instagram.
There's a new book on the way, and it's focus is on working on lagging upper body strength and development. Noodly arms no more! It'll be out later this month.
Today's video was created based on a question from last week's Q&A on building a home gym. I didn't realize how long the video was until I was done, but if you're wondering where to start for your home gym, then this video is for you.
Do any of you train at home? Where did you get your equipment? Is there anything you would have done differently in creating your gym? Do you have anything to add to my video?


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The Media Coach is dedicated to providing clients with outstanding communications coaching. As professional media trainers, we have developed simple and effective training methods which can be tailored to your business. A few hours of hands-on Media Training or Presentation Training with The Media Coach will strengthen your candidates' communications skills and contribute to the success of your organisation.
Is your Message Boring but Important? Important but Complicated?
https://themediacoach.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/rsz_1capture.jpg 210 300 Lindsay Williams https://themediacoach.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/the-media-coach-logo-300x137.png Lindsay Williams2019-04-02 15:42:582019-04-03 12:41:36Is your Message Boring but Important? Important but Complicated?


Skylake convertible. The Cube i7 offers a fast Core m3-6Y30 SoC, 64 GB SSD, and a 10.6-inch IPS touchscreen for little money. Logically, cutbacks had to be made in many places. We will reveal where concessions have to be accepted in this test of the tablet including a keyboard dock.
Cube's i7 Book is a little Windows 10 tablet made in China. The low purchase price and relatively high-performance, passively cooled Core m processor are its special features. The CDK09 keyboard dock turns the Cube i7 into a convertible. We ordered a review sample with a 64 GB SSD and keyboard dock from Gearbest. Rivals are considerably more expensive 10-inch tablets, such as the Surface 3 (with weaker Atom) or Dell's Latitude 11.
Both the tablet and keyboard unit are made of metal, and their good stability and feel are compelling. Our review sample's gaps and build are impeccable. The keyboard dock's limited opening angle (maximum approx. 120 degrees) is a big drawback since the device cannot be placed comfortably on the lap for typing. Overall, the Cube i7 makes a good impression for the price range.
The USB-C port can also be used for recharging the device (tested with an Anker PowerPort 5+ USB-C) as well as a docking station port. The Kensington SD4600P allowed supplying the tablet with power (but not quite reliably; perhaps a loose contact in the plug), added a LAN port, and even a 4K monitor could be used at 60 Hz.
Cube installs the latest, low-cost Intel 3165 AC dual-band chip. As a 1x1 solution, it naturally cannot compete with the fast high-end competition. However, other low-cost n-Wi-Fi solutions (like in the Cube i9) are outperformed clearly.
The keyboard's well-set pressure point allows typing quickly when familiar with the English keyboard or touch-typing. However, the touchpad is a drawback here. On the one hand, it is oversensitive making a smooth workflow, for example, in a jerky train virtually impossible; on the other hand, it either did not respond at all or just randomly responded during diverse gaming attempts. The cursor perpetually jumped or the screen often changed unintentionally in unstable environments. Thus, connecting a mouse is absolutely recommended. In tablet mode, the multitouch-screen functioned very fast and reliably.
Cube installs a glossy touchscreen by Samsung. It has a resolution of 1920x1080. Thanks to the IPS technology, it offers good viewing angles. Both contrast and maximum brightness are good. However, the dynamic brightness was enabled out-of-the-box, and thus we only measured 200 cd/m² and could hardly see anything outdoors. Unfortunately, the screen is not anti-glare and thus quickly becomes a mirror outdoors.
The color accuracy is not particularly good. Especially the blue rates break out strongly, and the grayscales have a visible bluish tint. Thus, the screen is not really suitable for photographers. We did not ascertain PWM, but the backlight flickered in the lowest brightness ranges with the plug (50 Hz).
Thanks to the modern Skylake Core m3-6Y30, the little 10-inch tablet has enough power for routine tasks.
The Core m3-6Y30 is based on two cores that can clock at up to 2.2 GHz. The single-core test started at 2 - 2.2 GHz in Cinebench R15, and the multi-core test started at 2 GHz. Thus, Turbo functions impeccably. The Cinebench R15 scores are within a good midfield for the tested 6Y30 SoCs. Here, there is no reason for complaint.
The little 10-inch tablet does an excellent job in PCMark 8. All other Core m3-6Y30-based devices were slower in the test. The competition's performance ranged from 95% (Asus Zenbook X305CA) down to 71% (HP Spectre x2 12). The Surface Pro 4 with Core-m3 achieved 82% and Cube's i9 88%.
Compared with all convertibles tested over the past 12 months, Cube's i7 can surpass the average by 9%. The fastest device based on the Core m SoC is Toshiba's Portege Z20t, which is only 3% faster. The fastest convertible in PCMark 8 is Dell's Inspiron 13 5368 based on a Core i7-6500U with a 24% higher PCMark 8 score.
Cube installs a 64 GB SSD in the M.2 format by Forsee into the i7. It is sooner weak in the category comparison. The average of all AS SSD scores of the convertibles that we tested is 221% faster with 838 points in the total score. Interestingly, the 128 GB Forsee in Cube's i9 is easily outperformed.
Cube's i7 places itself between the Switch 12S (90%) and Cube's i9 (122%), which are both also based on the 6Y30 SoC and consequently have an HD Graphics 515 graphics card, in the 3DMark Sky Driver test. We previously tested the gaming performance in Cube's i9. Here, actually only World of Warships could be played smoothly using minimum settings.
With a stability of 73% in the stress test, the performance is comparable with Cube's i9 (70%). It is evident that the Turbo still allows high clock rates and performance in the first run. Then, the performance settles down and the GPU clocks at 500 MHz.
The fanless build prevents noise emissions even during high load.
The tablet remains pleasantly cool without load. The passively cooled processor can heat up the tablet considerably during load. However, our measured 46 °C during extreme load (which can be expected in demanding games or CPU full load) is not critical.
The keyboard dock that we also tested always remained agreeably cool.
Both stereo speakers are situated on the tablet's right and their sound is quite modest. They are not particularly loud at a measured 72 dB but are sufficient for quiet surroundings. The sound characteristic is very modest and lacks bass and trebles. The speakers in the Switch 12 are linear but also marginally quieter. The Surface Pro 4 clearly offers more basses, and the MacBook 12 remains to be the reference with louder and much better audio output. Thus, headphones (the AKG K701 transmitted sufficiently loud and noise-free) or speakers are recommended for listening to music. The Bluetooth connection functioned quickly and reliably.
The power consumption using the included power supply is a bit higher than those of other devices based on a Core m3-6Y30 CPU without load. The top devices achieve a minimum consumption of around 3 watts. The tablet also places itself in the upper range during load. Some devices only consume 12 watts in the 3DMark06 test. 3DMark06 starts at 22 watts and gradually drops to 20 watts in the course of the first test. We record 23 watts for a moment during extreme load, which then slowly drops (22 watts in the first minutes, then down to 18 watts).
We managed a battery life of 4 to 5 hours in practice. This is owed to the relatively small battery (32 Wh).
Cube's i7 Book with keyboard dock made a good impression for the price. Build, design, and the Core m3's performance are definitely plus points. The screen convinces with good viewing angles and contrasts, although the color reproduction is sooner weak. The battery life is average; not more than 4 hours is possible using maximum brightness and medium load. The SSD, speakers, cameras, and ClickPad are points where Cube makes evident cutbacks. Cube's i7 is currently available at Gearbest for 315 Euros (~$352) including shipping (promotion; listed at 556 Euros, ~$622). However, duty fees of 17.5% up to 700 Euros (~$783) and import turnover tax of 19% might have to be added in Germany. Gearbest offers a "Germany Express" option that allegedly does not incur these fees. Nevertheless, the device has to be shipped back to China in a warranty case.


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La capuchina, taco de reina, espuela de galán, flor de la sangre, llagas de Cristo, marañuela, mastuerzo de Indias, pelón o texao, es una planta ornamental originaria de América, caduca, que se cultiva en parques y jardines. En las zonas de costa en España se ha asilvestrado.

Es una planta anual, lampiña, suculenta y extendida. Existen numerosas variedades con flores rojas, anaranjadas o amarillas, el cáliz tiene cinco sépalos y la corola cinco pétalos desiguales. Las flores y las hojas tienen un sabor picante similar al del berro.

Descripción
Son plantas trepadoras o rastreras anuales. Hojas suborbiculares, que alcanzan un tamaño de 3–10 cm de diámetro, glabras, enteras o con los márgenes undulados, peltadas; pecíolos 15–20 cm de largo. Pedúnculos 10–20 cm de largo; sépalos 15–18 mm de largo y 8–9 mm de ancho, verde-amarillentos, espolón 25–35 mm de largo; pétalos enteros u ondulados, amarillos a rojos con líneas y puntos amarillos a morados, los superiores cuneados, 30–40 mm de largo, los inferiores 15–20 mm de largo y de ancho, con uña 12–15 mm de largo, ciliada. Carpelos de 10 mm de largo cuando en fruto, con costillas rugosas.

Historia
El término tropaeolum deriva del griego Τροπαιον, o pequeño trofeo, debido a la disposición de sus hojas y flores. En algunas zonas se la denomina capucha de monje, expresando la forma de sus flores. Los jesuitas introdujeron la planta a Europa en el siglo XVI, dando constancia de su utilización culinaria, tanto de sus hojas como de sus flores. Se denominaba mastuerzo de las Indias, berro del Perú o de los jesuitas. El botánico Dodoens la cultivó en su jardín en 1600.
En los altiplanos de Bolivia y en el área andina en general, existe la especie Tropaeolum tuberosum, que tiene unos tubérculos del tamaño de una castaña, unas flores de bello color carmesí, cuya altura no sobrepasa los 50 cm. Estos tubérculos tienen un sabor áspero muy acentuado y un sabor que recuerda al de la capuchina. En estos países es un alimento bastante consumido. El Tropaeolum también es conocido como texao y es la flor símbolo de la ciudad de Arequipa, en el sur del Perú.

Taxonomía
Tropaeolum majus fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 345. 1753.
Etimología
Tropaeolum: nombre genérico conocido como la capuchina de jardineros, aunque no de los botánicos, y nombrado por Linneo, que deriva del griego tropaion y del latín tropaeum de "trofeo", por la manera en que crece la planta, sobre un soporte. recordando un trofeo clásico con escudos y cascos de oro como las que colgaban como un signo de la victoria en un campo de batalla.

majus: epíteto latíno que significa "el más grande".
Sinonimia
 Cardamindum majus Moench
 Nasturtium indicum Garsault
 Tropaeolum pinnatum Andrews
 Tropaeolum quinquelobum Bergius
 Trophaeum majus (L.) Kuntze

Nombres comunes
 Castellano: canarios, capuchina (11), capuchinas, espuela de galán (2), flor de la sangre (2), llagas de Cristo (2), llagas de San Francisco (2), marañuela (2), mastranzo de Indias (2), mastuerzo de Indias (2), pelonchili, pelón. (el número entre paréntesis indica las especies que tienen el mismo nombre en España)

Referencias

majus
Plantas invasoras
Plantas medicinales
Aceite esencial
Flora de América
Plantas descritas en 1753
Plantas descritas por Linnaeus
Especies exóticas invasoras en España


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History Of Labor Day
Every year on the initial Monday in September, Americans commemorate workers' economic and social achievements by celebrating Labor Day. The event's beginnings may be traced back to the late 19th century when labor leaders pushed for the creation of a government holiday to recognize the countless contributions made by workers to the country's strength, riches, and prosperity.
Adoption And Implementation At First
Prior to being a national leave, this day got seen by labor groups and sovereign states. A movement to pass state law began in 1885 after the enactment of local ordinances. Despite New York's inaugural state presenting a measure, Oregon was the inaugural state to establish a statute honoring Labor Day in 1887, exactly on February 21.
In 1887, legislation establishing a Labor Day holiday got approved by four additional states: New Jersey, Massachusetts, Colorado, and New York. Till the end of the decade, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut had all followed the same path. A law passed by Congress on June 28, 1894, making September's first Sunday of every year a statutory holiday, was followed by the adoption of the day by 20+ additional states.
Who Started Labor Day, as per McGuire v. Maguire?
Who suggested the workers' holiday first? Although not certain, two employees can credibly claim the Labor Day's Founder title.
Records indicate that in 1882, McGuire was also the Brotherhood of Carpenters, Joiners' general secretary, and American Federation of Labor's co-founder. He has given suggestions of setting aside a day to recognize people "who from their essence have ventured and molded all the grandiosity we behold" by declaring it a "public holiday for the laboring classes."
But none disputes Peter McGuire's standing as a Labor Day historical figure. Many believe that Matthew Maguire, a machinist, not Peter McGuire, invented the holiday.
The idea that the holiday got created in 1882, when Matthew Maguire served as the Central Labor Union's secretary in New York, seems to be supported by recent investigations. Later, Maguire rose to the position of secretary for Paterson, New Jersey'sLocal 344 of the International Association of Machinists.
Following President Cleveland's signature on the legislation establishing a national Labor Day, The Paterson Morning Call authored an opinion article in which it got asserted that, in accordance with the New Jersey Historical Society, "the memento pen should be given to City councilman Maguire, who is the undeniable writer of Labor Day as a holiday." For the first time in the nation, Mcguire and Maguire attended the Labor Day celebration in New York that year.
History Of The First Labor Day
According to the Central Labor Union's plans, the initial Labor Day holiday in history was observed on Tuesday in 1882, September 5, in New York City. A year later, on September 5, 1883, the Central Labor Union conducted its Labor Day celebration.
In 1894, Grover did signatures on legislation making September's first Monday of every year a holiday. By 1894, the holiday got recognized in 23 other states.
A Public Break
Many Americans witness Labor Day with processions, outings, and parties—celebrations that are very comparable to those recommended by the initial proposition for a national break, which recommended that the occasion be noticed with a parade to demonstrate "the resilience of the labor organizations," accompanied by a carnival for the entertainment and delight of the employees and their families. The way that Labor Day celebrations got conducted took on this form.
Later, when the importance of the holiday to the economy and community got highlighted more, speeches by notable women and men were introduced. The Sunday before Labor Day eventually got designated as Labor Sunday. It was devoted to the moral and intellectual facets of the labor movement by a ruling made at the American Federation of Labor convention in 1909.
The labor movement has helped us get nearer to realizing our ancient goals of political and economic equality. American labor has enhanced the nation's living standards and led to the biggest output the world has ever seen. Therefore, it is fitting that on Labor Day, the country honors the American worker, who is responsible for a significant portion of the nation's power, liberty, and influence.
Observances of Holidays on Mondays
To provide government workers with more three-day weekends, the Uniform Monday Holiday Act of 1968 modified several holidays so that they would always be honored on Mondays. The Act, which became law on June 28, 1968, shifted the holidays commemorating Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, and Columbus Day to set Mondays every year.
These were the complete details about the history of Labor Day. Lastly, in cities and towns around the United States, Labor Day still gets observed with marches, barbecues, grilling, festivities, and other open events. It signifies the conclusion of summer and the beginning of back-to-school time for many Americans, especially kids and young adults.
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Austria's Kurz was the golden boy for Europe's conservatives. Then came scandal
The Taliban say they won't work with the U.S. to contain the Islamic State


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Tectonic significance of Late Neoproterozoic granites from the Tibesti massif in southern Libya inferred from Sr and Nd isotopes and U–Pb zircon data Academic Article
The Neoproterozoic crust of the Tibesti massif was stabilized by magmatism that included subduction-generated batholithic suites and post-orogenic granite plutons. All of the magmatism occurred in a period of about 20 million years centered around 550 Ma, and nearly all of the granites have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of about 0.706. The Wadi Yebigue pluton has U-Pb zircon ages of 563 Ma and 558 Ma on two different phases and εNd at 550 Ma from -0.5 to -2.2. These isotopic data and the geologic history of the massif suggest that granites in the Tibesti massif developed during and shortly after closure of a short-lived ocean basin that developed by fragmentation of pre-existing continental crust of the Saharan region. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Suayah, I. B., Miller, J. S., Miller, B. V., Bayer, T. M., & Rogers, J.
Elsevier BV Publisher
Journal of African Earth Sciences Journal
10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.020


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VSQ: Whats (your) ESG?
Our friends over at VentureSouq have a lot of good information that we would love to share with you.
We're sharing blog post of theirs. If you want to see more of what they have to offer, click through to the original post here.
Welcome to our inaugural VSQ Conscious Collective Journal. We'll be taking this time to provide updates on portfolio companies or ventures we believe stand out and to explore content we feel is relevant to our journey together in order to enhance your experience and knowledge as a conscious investor.
ESG. You've likely heard the term: Environmental, Social and Governance, a set of standards for a company's operations that investors use to screen potential investments. The month of May was particularly busy with regards to ESG ratings and disclosures with SEC Chairman Jay Clayton stepping in to caution against integrating separate ESG metrics into one single rating.
Various arguments have been made around the value this criteria actually holds when dealing with sustainable investments. We've rounded up a few recent pieces that capture these different points of view. This list is by no means exhaustive and serves to provide an avant-goût of the various sides of the debate as we fine tune our reflections on ESG as it applies to our own endeavors within the Conscious Collective.
Climate Risk = Investment Risk
BlackRock CEO Larry Fink's much anticipated annual letter often serves as a clarion call to chief executives worldwide. This year was no different but he made clear that we're on the brink of a true redefining of finance.
"We believe that sustainable investing is the strongest foundation for client portfolios going forward. A company cannot achieve long-term profits without embracing purpose and considering the needs of a broad range of stakeholders."
Given the rapidly changing dynamics COVID-19 brought about, however, he issued a second letter worth reading as well addressing practical measures BlackRock is taking to incorporate ESG and sustainability into their portfolio construction, aiming for all active portfolio and advisory strategies to be fully ESG integrated by the end of 2020. This was picked up more recently last month by Bloomberg Green when BlackRock, Allianz Global Investors and Investco shared how their sustainable portfolios have weathered the recent storm. Watch this space as we anticipate an increased focus this year on sustainability frameworks and discussions amongst the mainstream financial players.
Larry Fink Isn't Going to Read Your Sustainability Report
In this Harvard Business Review piece, Mark Kramer responds to Fink's letters arguing the need for a new language that bridges sustainability and economic performance.
"If Fink is correct in predicting that capital will increasingly be allocated to those companies with the most sustainable business models, then investors will need new sources of data to understand and anticipate the economic significance of sustainability strategies."
What Technology & The COVID-19 Crisis Are Teaching Us About Conscious Investing
VSQ Partner Sonia Weymuller recently shared her reflections in Entrepreneur Middle East on the pandemic's ramifications and how issues of public health and the environment need to underpin any investments now being made.
"Just as we're seeing technology act as a multiplier for good, it's also time for VCs to act as a magnifier – of good. It is up to us to ensure the investments we choose to make are true reflections of our collective consciousness."