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Insights/
Proposed Missile Defenses and the ABM Treaty
Frederic L. Kirgis
On May 2, 2001, President George W. Bush announced his administration's intention to deploy defenses against possible missile attacks from states other than those formerly regarded as major threats to the United States. He said that in doing so, "We should leave behind the constraints of an ABM [Anti-Ballistic Missile] Treaty that perpetuates a relationship [with the former Soviet Union] based on distrust and mutual vulnerability."
The ABM Treaty is a bilateral treaty (a treaty in force for only two states) entered into in 1972 between the United States and the then-Soviet Union. While the disintegration of the Soviet Union may raise a question whether the ABM Treaty is still binding on the successor states (four of which--Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan--still had nuclear weapons at the breakup), it is clear that the United States and Russia have continued to regard it as remaining in force between themselves.
Article I, paragraph 2 of the ABM Treaty says, "Each Party undertakes not to deploy ABM systems for a defense of the territory of its country and not to provide a base for such defense, and not to deploy ABM systems for defense of an individual region except as provided for in Article III" (which allows each party to deploy one ABM system to defend its national capital and one to defend a region containing ICBM silo launchers). The proposed missile defenses would go beyond the limited systems permitted under the ABM Treaty.
The parties to a bilateral treaty may agree, if they wish, to abrogate or modify the treaty at any time. Thus, if the United States and Russia agree that the ABM Treaty no longer serves their purposes and decide to terminate it, they may do so by mutual agreement. Nonparty states would not have a right to object unless they could make the highly unlikely showing that they were intended beneficiaries of the Treaty, that they relied on the Treaty's continuation in force (in the sense that they did or refrained from doing something significant that they otherwise would or would not have done), and that they would suffer material detriment if the Treaty is terminated.
If one of the parties to a treaty unilaterally abandons it, the other party could maintain that the treaty has been breached--unless one of the internationally-recognized grounds for lawful treaty termination is present. One such ground, often invoked when a party wishes to terminate a treaty obligation, is that there has been a fundamental change of circumstances since the treaty was entered into (sometimes called the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus). Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which codifies the customary international law of treaties for the most part, a change of circumstances may be invoked as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from a treaty, but only if certain conditions are met. First, the change must be of circumstances existing at the time the treaty was made. Second, the change of circumstances must be "fundamental." Third, the change must not have been foreseen by the parties. Fourth, the existence of those circumstances must have constituted an essential basis of the consent of the parties to be bound by the treaty in the first place. Fifth, the effect of the change must be radically to transform the "extent" of obligations still to be performed under the treaty.
The Vienna Convention does not define "fundamental," nor does it make clear what is meant by the "extent" of obligations still to be performed. Regarding the latter point, in the French language version of the Vienna Convention, the word translated into English as "extent" is "portée." It could be translated as "impact."
President Bush's speech on May 2 stressed the change of circumstances from the height of the cold war in 1972 to the present post-cold war era. He said that in 1972, the threat from the Soviet Union was "real and vivid." Few other countries had nuclear weapons, and "most of those who did were responsible allies." Any threat from other countries "was mostly a distant threat, not yet a reality." Today, he said, it is a vastly different world. Russia is not the enemy of the United States. The Iron Curtain no longer exists. More nations have nuclear weapons, and still more aspire to them. Some have ballistic missile technology. And, he said, "the list of these countries includes some of the world's least responsible states." The threat, he continued, emanates today from a small number of missiles in the hands of these states. The Treaty "enshrines the past. No treaty that prevents us from addressing today's threats, that prohibits us from pursuing promising technology to defend ourselves, our friends and our allies, is in our interests or in the interests of world peace."
President Bush thus appears to have set the stage for a change-of-circumstances argument if the United States decides unilaterally to withdraw from the ABM Treaty. The points he raised would be relevant to the five conditions embodied in the Vienna Convention, as outlined above.
Frederic L. Kirgis is Law School Association Alumni Professor at Washington and Lee University School of Law. He has written a book and several articles on United Nations law, and is a member of the Board of Editors of the American Journal of International Law.
On May 2, 2001, President George W. Bush made a statement in which he called attention to changed circumstances that had occurred since the entry into force of the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty between the United States and the then-Soviet Union in 1972. As was discussed in the ASIL Insight, "Proposed Missile Defenses and the ABM Treaty" (May 2001), he apparently was setting the stage, if Russia does not agree to terminate or modify the Treaty, for the United States unilaterally to terminate its obligations under the ABM Treaty pursuant to the doctrine in the general law of treaties allowing such action if there has been a fundamental change of circumstances after a treaty has entered into force.
John R. Bolton, the Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, has now indicated that if the United States and Russia have not agreed to modifications in the ABM Treaty in a matter of months, the United States (instead of relying on the doctrine of fundamental change of circumstances derived from the general law of treaties) may invoke a provision in the ABM Treaty allowing either party to withdraw from it on six months' notice, under the conditions set forth in Article XV. That Article says that the ABM Treaty is of unlimited duration, but "Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests." This language appears to give each party the unilateral authority to decide for itself whether the conditions for withdrawal have occurred. The Treaty does not supply any mechanism for evaluating such a decision, though it does require the withdrawing party to provide the other party with a statement of the extraordinary events it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests.
Response to Addendum
André de Hoogh
I have read with great interest the Insights of Professor Kirgis on the intention of the United States to withdraw from the ABM treaty. However, I feel that some additional information needs to be put before the public, so that it can judge for itself whether the United States would act lawfully in doing so.
What I miss in both Professor Kirgis's Insights is a reference to Security Council resolution 825 (1993), which can be found at <http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1993/825e.pdf> and which relates to the intention of the government of North Korea to withdraw from the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The NPT, which can be found at <http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/texts/BH526.txt> contains a provision identical to the relevant provision of the ABM treaty, namely article X, paragraph 1:
"Each Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other Parties to the Treaty and to the United Nations Security Council three months in advance. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinary events it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests."
When North Korea signalled its intention to withdraw from the NPT, three States protested and questioned whether the stated reasons of North Korea constituted extraordinary events related to the subject matter of the treaty. These three States were the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Security Council then called upon, in a clearly non-binding fashion, North Korea to reconsider its announcement, which as we know North Korea did.
I think it is necessary to bring this information to the attention of our audience also. If a small State like North Korea is called upon (among other by the United States) not to withdraw from the NPT, why should the most powerful State in the world, the United States, be able to claim extraordinary events, when the threats to its security must obviously be less serious than those of a small State.
While there is, as Professor Kirgis mentions, no mechanism or procedure to review a decision under the respective treaties, this does not mean that other States may not dispute an announcement to withdraw. Should the requisite jurisdictional basis exist for the International Court of Justice to decide upon this, the question whether certain developments constitute extraordinary events related to the subject matter of the treaty would be a justiciable one, since it concerns the interpretation and application of a treaty provision. Naturally, since the withdrawal of the United States of its declaration under article 36, paragraph 2, of the ICJ Statute, such a jurisdictional basis will be hard to find.
Lecturer in international law
University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Reply to Response
David Sloss
I feel compelled to raise a couple of points in reply to Mr. de Hoogh's comments. Despite his claim that the withdrawal provisions of the NPT and the ABM treaty are "identical," there are significant differences between the two. The NPT requires notice "to all other Parties to the Treaty and to the United Nations Security Council." NPT, art. X, para. 1. In contrast, the ABM treaty requires notice "to the other party." ABM Treaty, art. XV, para. 2. Both treaties require the withdrawing party to provide an explanatory statement. But whereas the NPT requires an explanation to all parties and the Security Council, the ABM treaty merely requires an explanation to the other party. Thus, consistent with the distinction between a bilateral and multilateral treaty, the NPT contemplates that withdrawal is a multilateral concern, whereas the ABM treaty contemplates that withdrawal is a bilateral concern.
In both cases, withdrawal is primarily a political issue, not a legal issue. In other words, the question whether a country's "supreme interests" have been jeopardized -- the standard in both treaties -- is not a justiciable question. Nothing in the international response to the North Korean problem suggests that states viewed North Korea's withdrawal as a justiciable question. The United States, Russia and the U.K. responded in their capacity as depositaries for the NPT treaty. (At the time, I was serving in the Executive Branch and was involved in those deliberations.) Their response was "legal" only in the sense that they reminded North Korea that it had a treaty duty to provide "a statement of the extraordinary events it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests." NPT, art. X, para. 1. To the best of my recollection, neither the depositaries nor the Security Council challenged North Korea's legal right to withdraw. Nor did they challenge North Korea's legal right to determine for itself what jeopardized its supreme interests.
Rather, the depositary governments and the Security Council applied political pressure on North Korea to reconsider. In that vein, Russia can (and, in my view, should) apply political pressure on the United States to reconsider, should the United States provide notice of its intent to withdraw from the ABM Treaty. Russia is also entitled to demand an explanation, per Article XV of the ABM Treaty. And, of course, other states are free to apply political pressure on the United States as well. But if and when the United States provides official notice of its intent to withdraw, the issue must be resolved politically, not legally, in part because that is what the treaty itself envisions.
St. Louis University Law School
Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty: A Reply
By Cédric van Assche
Professors Frederic Kirgis and David Sloss say that the language of Article 15, para. 2 of the ABM Treaty appears to grant each party the unilateral discretion to decide for itself whether the conditions for withdrawal have occurred. Taking into account the self-judging nature of Article 15, para. 2, they both conclude that the case would therefore not be justiciable. However, it seems to me that such a conclusion could only be drawn if extraordinary events jeopardizing the supreme interests of a party have actually occurred. As the United States and the Russian Federation have already expressed conflicting views on this point, it seems to me that nothing precludes a court from ruling that the US withdrawal did or did not infringe the provisions of Article 15, para. 2 of the 1972 ABM Treaty inasmuch as the occurrence of such extraordinary events is a matter for objective determination by a Court. I would therefore conclude that the question of US withdrawal is a justiciable international legal dispute.
Cédric van Assche
Centre for International Law
Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium
Second Addendum
By Frederic L. Kirgis
On December 13, 2001, President Bush announced that he had given formal notice to Russia, in accordance with the provisions of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, that the United States is withdrawing from the Treaty. Article XV of the ABM Treaty says, AEach Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests.@ Six months= notice to the other party (Russia) is required, so the United States= withdrawal presumably will become effective next June.
Explaining the withdrawal, the President referred to the terrorist events of September 11. He noted that the greatest threats to the United States and Russia now come from Aterrorists who strike without warning, or rogue states who seek weapons of mass destruction.@ He said that terrorists and some of their supporters seek the capability to attack by means of missiles. Consequently, he said, the United States needs the freedom to develop effective defenses against missile attacks from those sources, and this can be done only if the restrictions of the ABM Treaty are removed.
Without saying it in so many words in his public announcement, the President appears to have decided that the events of September 11, together with pre-existing concerns about possible terrorist missile attacks, are Aextraordinary events related to the subject matter of [the ABM] Treaty [which] have jeopardized [U.S.] supreme interests.@ As was noted in the August 2001 ASIL Insight on the ABM Treaty, the Treaty does not set forth any mechanism for evaluating such a decision. Nevertheless, if Russia ultimately acquiesces in the United States= justification for invoking the withdrawal clause in the ABM Treaty, it is possible that the stated grounds of the U.S. withdrawal could be regarded as supplying a precedent for withdrawal by the United States or other countries from other arms control treaties containing similar withdrawal clauses.
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The project consisted of an extension to the existing mill premises. This incorporated converting and extending an existing canopy structure to form new warehousing and a raised loading area. A further lean-to extension was incorporated in the works, along with new hard standings and drainage.
Prior to the above works taking place, a new access road and gateway was formed to allow the Client's delivery vehicles access around the main section of the works.
Triton undertook the extensive refurbishment of both the existing office areas and industrial ropery testing areas within the production complex. Externally the access roads and car parking areas were upgraded, along with extensive landscaping and new boundary treatments.


text:
package sbt

	import Load.BuildStructure
	import Project.{Initialize, ScopedKey}
	import Keys.{resolvedScoped, streams, TaskStreams}
	import std.TaskExtra._
	import Types.{:+:, idFun}

	import sbinary.{Format, Operations}

@deprecated("Superseded by task state system.", "0.11.1")
object TaskData
{
	val DefaultDataID = "data"

	def apply[I,O](readFrom: Scoped, id: String = DefaultDataID)(f: (State, I) => O)(default: => I)(implicit fmt: Format[I]): Initialize[State => O] =
		resolvedScoped { resolved =>
			s => f(s, readData(Project structure s, resolved, readFrom.key, id) getOrElse default)
		}

	def readData[T](structure: BuildStructure, reader: ScopedKey[_], readFrom: AttributeKey[_], id: String)(implicit f: Format[T]): Option[T] =
		try {
			dataStreams(structure, reader, readFrom) { (ts,key) =>
				Operations.read( ts.readBinary(key, id) )(f)
			}
		} catch { case e: Exception => None }

	def dataStreams[T](structure: BuildStructure, reader: ScopedKey[_], readFrom: AttributeKey[_])(f: (TaskStreams, ScopedKey[_]) => T): Option[T] =
		structure.data.definingScope(reader.scope, readFrom) map { defined =>
			val key = ScopedKey(Scope.fillTaskAxis(defined, readFrom), readFrom)
			structure.streams(fakeState(structure)).use(reader)(ts => f(ts, key))
		}
	def write[T](i: Initialize[Task[T]], id: String = DefaultDataID)(implicit f: Format[T]): Initialize[Task[T]] = writeRelated(i, id)(idFun[T])(f)

	def writeRelated[T, S](i: Initialize[Task[T]], id: String = DefaultDataID)(convert: T => S)(implicit f: Format[S]): Initialize[Task[T]] =
		(streams zipWith i) { (sTask, iTask) =>
			(sTask,iTask) map { case s :+: value :+: HNil =>
				Operations.write( s.binary(id), convert(value) )(f)
				value
			}
		}
	// exists to keep the method signatures the same (since this object is potentially used but deprecated),
	//   but allow the BuildStructure Streams to be constructed from State, which isn't actually needed here
	private[this] def fakeState(structure: BuildStructure): State =
	{
		val config = Keys.appConfiguration in Scope.GlobalScope get structure.data
		State(config.get, Nil, Set.empty, None, Nil, State.newHistory, AttributeMap.empty, State.Continue)
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
News | Social Affairs
Volunteer Peak Bodies to Amalgamate into New Funding Model
Thursday, 23rd February 2012 at 11:03 am
Funding for Volunteering Australia and state and territory peak bodies will be amalgamated into a new National Project Fund under new funding arrangements announced by the Federal Government.
Thursday, 23rd February 2012
The new funding arrangement replaces a 20 year old funding model called the Volunteer Management Program (VMP).
In November 2011 the Federal Government published its National Volunteering Strategy which was the product of a two year consultation with the sector and outlined a roadmap for volunteering to 2021.
The Strategy identified a range of challenges and trends in the volunteering sector and ways to address them but did not specifically include the option of amalgamation under a new funding arrangement.
The new Minister for Social Inclusion Mark Butler says the new funding arrangements encourage greater innovation and collaboration in volunteering by creating more flexible funding, and by devoting funding to projects which can support volunteers on the ground.
Under the new funding arrangements the Government says:
Funding for Volunteer Resource Centres (VRCs) in capital cities will be targeted to ensure these services are focused in locations where they help to build capacity in disadvantaged communities.
The 32 regional VRCs will continue to be funded to operate in regional Australia, and their funding will be guaranteed for a period of 3 years (up from the current 12 months).
The Fund will support the development of high quality training, support, tools, resources and advocacy for volunteers across the country.
"The changes to our volunteering programs will direct funding to where it is needed most, and where it will have maximum impact," Butler said.
The chief executive of Volunteering Australia Cary Pedicini says he is reviewing the announced changes to volunteer funding.
"VA is meeting with the Minister next week to discuss the changes and to seek more details of the funding criteria and program guidelines," he said.
The Federal Government says a grants funding round will open in March 2012 for capital city VRCs in targeted locations. Funding for existing VRCs will continue until new services commence operation from 1 October 2012.
It says the first National Project Fund grants round will open in April 2012, with projects selected by the end of September 2012. Organisations with relevant experience, and consortia with expertise in developing tools and resources, are encouraged to apply to the Fund.
Volunteering Victoria chief executive Dianne Embry has welcomed the Federal Government's announcement of a new funding model for volunteering services.
"The existing federal funding model for volunteering has been in operation for 20 years so inevitably there is room to reflect and to refresh. Volunteering Victoria welcomes this chance for the volunteering sector to blow away any cobwebs – the result will be stronger, more targeted support for Victorian volunteers and the organisations and communities that depend on them," Embry said.
Some local volunteer organisations have expressed concern at their ability to compete for funds against the bigger volunteer organisations under the new funding arrangements.
A spokesperson for the Minister's office says the fund will provide $4.48 million over the period 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2015 to support the development of high quality training, support, tools, resources and advocacy for volunteers across the country.
The spokesperson says Volunteering Australia and State and Territory peaks are well placed to leverage their resources and relationships, form partnerships and propose collaborative projects for funding.
Project funding will be for up to two and a half years, to 30 June 2015, depending upon the activities involved.
For more information visit www.notforprofit.gov.au/volunteering/volunteer-management-program
Tags : Dianne Embry, Federal Government, Mark Butler, Minister for Social Inclusion, National Volunteering Strategy, Volunteering, Volunteering Australia,
'Diversity, power, purpose': Discover new ways of harnessing the power of volunteering
Thursday, 28th November 2019 at 7:30 am
Dos and don'ts of including volunteer work on your resume
Monday, 14th October 2019 at 8:11 am
Victoria ALIVE launches its social media campaign on inclusive volunteering
Tuesday, 10th September 2019 at 7:30 am
Aussie companies urged to get more employees volunteering
Friday, 19th July 2019 at 5:05 pm


According to Pindrop® Labs, one out of every 491 calls to a retail call center is fraud. Yet, many anti-fraud and authentication solutions just aren't up to the task of fending off aggressive fraudsters.
Fraudsters love exploiting retail with card-not-present (CNP) fraud, account takeovers, cross-channel attacks, and reshipping fraud. These incidents accrue and hit retailers hard with costly repercussions, such as chargebacks and high rates of theft for fencible goods.
IN 2014, PINDROP® LABS FOUND THAT ONE IN 1,000 CALLS INTO A RETAIL CALL CENTER WAS FRAUDULENT. ONLY TWO YEARS LATER, THAT NUMBER HAS JUMPED TO ONE IN 491.
Pindrop® anti-fraud and authentication solutions help retail call centers reduce chargebacks, improve customer experience, lower operational costs, and avoid devastating data breaches.
Pindrop® solutions help call centers detect suspicious callers most likely to commit card-not-present (CNP) fraud before they can make a purchase leading to a chargeback.
Pindrop solutions help call centers reduce time spent on authentication processes that frustrate legitimate customers. By letting agents get straight to helping the customer, call centers improve the customer experience.
By streamlining authentication processes according to risk, Pindrop solutions help retailer call centers reduce the average handle time for low-risk callers. Reducing AHT — even by seconds — helps reduce operational costs.
Pindrop retail call center solutions help prevent fraudsters from gaining access to customer accounts, stealing credit card information or placing fraudulent orders. By identifying these callers during their early reconnaissance phase, Pindrop solutions help prevent attacks and preserve brand reputation.


Whales are beautiful creatures that can take a variety of forms. From the large baleen whales to smaller toothed whales, many of us love them in any form. However, interactions between different whale species are not always enjoyable. In fact, many of the encounters are violent. This is especially true for interactions between humpback and killer whales.
Humpback whales participate in an annual migration towards tropical waters each year. Typically they give birth here and then head back into colder waters to feed. Along the way, they encounter killer whale pods that viciously attack them. The killer whales are attempting to kill the newborn calves. Sometimes the orcas win, other times the humpback whale calf manages to get away with the scars to show.
Based on the study, it appears that humpback whales are attacked on their first journey to colder waters. However, after that first year, the orcas seem to leave them alone.
Learn more from the source.


Does anyone know where the player ID and password is being kept (or/and how to migrate, backup it)? Say if I wanted to do a clean install of UT2k4 on different PC but retain my epicgames player ID.
As far as i know there is two types of IDs, first one is generated from the game key, called unique ID and the second is the statistics ID.
It's case sensitive and begins with a dot, which means it's hidden.
Your stats ID is not the same as the "unique ID" that shows in your UT2004 network configuration. To find your stats go to the Players list on the stats page and enter your player name (or part of it) in the name search field. Your player name is the name you have configured in the Player settings of UT2004, not your stats name. Your player name on the stats site is always set to the name used in the most recent match you played that was logged. Once you have found your player ID you can always find yourself with this number instead of by name.
Note: You will not appear in the stats until you have played in a match on a server that has stat tracking enabled.
Bots are not logged, nor are any kills against them.
Matches with less than two player connects are not logged.
It's case sensitive and has no extension.
Thanks for the answer Sernemissza. So it's really up to copying the stats username and password from user.ini and it will resolve to the same numeric ID on epicgames stat page? I kind of fail to see where the translation from the username to numeric ID happens.
Stats username and password are saved on the servers from Epic. The combination of the two are creating the ID. Btw. you just need to copie all UT-files to a new system, exporting the registry and importing it on the new system, than maybe change the path there.
I've never looked into this, but as i understand it, if you use the same Username and Password as you do now, your Epic ID should remain the same after you reinstall.
Always backup these files separately!!
Yes and maybe keep an backup file with another name in ur UT-folder anyway. If it chrashes in a bad way they will appear empty. Sure there are the default one which will create new if u delete them, but then you settings are lost.


text:
MLB Standings: Boston Red Sox Holding Strong Atop American League East
By Gethin Coolbaugh Jun 10, 2011, 10:01am EDT
Share All sharing options for: MLB Standings: Boston Red Sox Holding Strong Atop American League East
David Ortiz and the Boston Red Sox have had quite the turnaround since their 2-11 start. Oritz, who now has 15 home runs, played a key role in Boston's three-game sweep of the rival New York Yankees, which resulted in a two-game lead over the Bronx Bombers in the AL East standings. Here are the complete MLB standings as of Friday morning.
Boston Red Sox (36-26)
New York Yankees (33-27; 2 games behind)
Tampa Bay Rays (33-29; 3 games behind)
Toronto Blue Jays (32-31; 4.5 games behind)
Baltimore Orioles (29-31; 6 games behind)
Check out the rest of the MLB Standings after the jump.
Cleveland Indians (34-26)
Detroit Tigers (34-28; 1 game behind)
Chicago White Sox (31-34; 5.5 games behind)
Kansas City Royals (27-36; 8.5 games behind)
Minnesota Twins (24-38; 11 games behind)
Texas Rangers (35-29)
Seattle Mariners (32-31; 2.5 games behind)
Los Angeles Angels (30-34; 5 games behind)
Oakland Athletics (27-37; 8 games behind)
Philadelphia Phillies (37-26)
Atlanta Braves (35-28; 2 games behind)
Florida Marlins (31-30; 5 games behind)
New York Mets (30-32; 6.5 games behind)
Washington Nationals (27-36; 10 games behind)
St. Louis Cardinals (38-26)
Milwaukee Brewers (35-28; 2.5 games behind)
Cincinnati Reds (33-31; 5 games behind)
Pittsburgh Pirates (30-31; 6.5 games behind)
Chicago Cubs (25-36; 11.5 games behind)
Houston Astros (24-39; 13.5 games behind)
San Francisco Giants (35-28)
Arizona Diamondbacks (34-29; 1 game behind)
Colorado Rockies (30-32; 4.5 games behind)
Los Angeles Dodgers (29-35; 6.5 games behind)
San Diego Padres (29-35; 6.5 games behind)
Red Sox At Yankees: David Ortiz Starts, Finishes Seven-Run Rally As Sox Sweep Yankees
Red Sox Vs. Yankees: David Ortiz Thanks Media For Getting Hit By Pitch


text:
Martin Essner
By Michelle Petrillo June 30, 2016, 12:00 am Edit
Martin Essner of Clark died June 15, 2016. He was a resident of Clark for over 50 years.
Mr. Essner was a member of Congregation Anshe Chesed, Linden, where he served multiple terms on the board of directors.
He served in the U.S. Army, receiving the World War II Victory Medal and seeing service in Korea. He was honorably discharged in 1947.
He was a supporter of many Israel-related charities.
He is survived by his daughter, Lois (David) Mandell; a brother, Norman Essner of Connecticut; and four grandchildren.
Services were held June 17 with arrangements by Bernheim-Apter-Kreitzman Suburban Funeral Chapel, Livingston. Memorial contributions may be made to Jewish National Fund.


text:
Dementia Review: research, policy and data on the island of Ireland
Surveys & Databases
Factors that affect quality of life from the perspective of people with dementia: a metasynthesis.
O'Rourke, H.M., Duggleby, W., Fraser, K.D. and Jerke, L.
O'Rourke et al. (2015) identified and synthesised qualitative research findings of factors affecting quality of life from the perspective of people with dementia. 7 Countries, including Ireland are represented.
They identified four key factors related to quality of life (QOL): relationships, agency in life today, wellness perspective and sense of place. Within these factors it was the sense of connectedness or disconnectedness which influenced QOL. Further, where there was a sense of connection this related to happiness and a sense of disconnection related to sadness. The authors conclude that these findings offer the potential for further studies to identify ways to improve QOL for people with dementia, even in the face of cognitive decline.
Needs and quality of life of people with middle-stage dementia and their family carers from the European Actifcare study. When informal care alone may not suffice.
Kerpershoek, L., de Vugt, M., Wolfs, C., Woods, B., Jelley, H., Orrell, M., Stephan, A., Bieber, A., Meyer, G., Selbaek, G. and Handels, R.
Aging & Mental Health
This paper is one of a number reporting on the Access to Timely Formal Care (Actifcare) study. It reports on the domains and levels of need among 451 community dwelling dyads of people with dementia and their caregiver.
The paper also discusses the relationship between needs and quality of life (QOL) from the perspective of the person with dementia and their caregiver. The greatest needs reported by people with dementia related to company, information and day time activities but overall they reported less unmet needs than their caregivers or the researchers, suggesting a significant difference in perspective. The authors suggest this may be linked to the person's efforts to remain autonomous resulting in an underplay of needs or it may be related to a lack of insignt on the part of the person with dementia. Most met needs are found to be met through informal care and the study found that as care needs increased there was a decrease in carer's QOL. The authors comment on the potential for differing perspectives among dyads to create conflict and the need for professionals to be trained in this area. They also sugest the identifed domains should be the primary focus for interventions aiming to improve quality of life.
Living With Dementia': Implications for the National Dementia Strategy: Summary of Roundtable Discussions Submitted to the National Dementia Strategy Working Group
Alzheimer Society of Ireland
The fourth Alzheimer Society of Ireland publication reports on two roundtable discussions organised by the Alzheimer Society of Ireland, which provided an opportunity for the National Dementia Strategy Working Group and Department of Health officials to meet with people with dementia and carers a
nd get their input on priority areas earmarked for inclusion in the strategy. The roundtables were structured around three themes: the role of the GP; community services; and dementia awareness and education. The report summarises the discussions points and key messages under each heading.
Multidisciplinary Clinicians Roundtable on the National Dementia Strategy
The third Alzheimer Society of Ireland publication is a report summarising a roundtable discussion involving healthcare professionals from multidisciplinary backgrounds including occupational therapy, social work, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy and nursing.
The themes used to structure the roundtable discussion were grounded in each of the five disciplinary areas: non-pharmacological interventions and behaviours that challenge (occupational therapy); improving Communication (speech and language therapy); physical activity for health and wellbeing (physiotherapy); A Social Work Perspective (social work); and the registered nurse's contribution to person centred care (nursing). As with the previous roundtable discussion, the report concludes with a set of suggestions as to how multidisciplinary clinicians can influence the development of the Irish National Dementia Strategy.
Clinicians' Roundtable on the National Dementia Strategy ReportClinicians' Roundtable on the National Dementia Strategy Report
The second Alzheimer Society of Ireland publication is a report summarising a roundtable discussion involving health care professionals from the four areas of Old Age Psychiatry, Geriatric Medicine, Neurology and Psychology.
Facilitated by the Alzheimer Society of Ireland, the roundtable discussion brought together participants to share their expertise and discuss core clinical elements of the upcoming Irish National Dementia Strategy. The discussion centred on three key themes: Clinical Leadership and Developing a Dementia Register; People with Younger Onset Dementia; and Early Diagnosis and Memory Clinics/Services. A set of further actions needed to move the issues discussed forward is also included.
National Strategy on Dementia: Summary of Consultation Process
Following the assembly of the evidence into the research review described above, the Department of Health embarked on a public consultation process which commenced on 4 July and concluded on 31 August 2012.
The Department of Health invited submissions and used the research review as a basis for developing a questionnaire used in its public consultation. It received 73 responses and the core messages contained in the submissions and completed questionnaires are summarised in this report.
A National Dementia Strategy for Ireland: Signposting the Possibilities: A Clinician's Perspective
O'Connell. H.
This first of four publications in this section from the Alzheimer Society of Ireland is written by O'Connell (2012) who outlines key directions from the clinician's perspective to be taken in ROI's National Dementia Strategy including an emphasis on prevention, early diagnosis and access to the
best available treatments. He acknowledges that people with dementia may have different priorities to clinicians and healthcare professionals and that it is important that the voice of the person with dementia is heard. Following a brief review of national dementia strategies in other countries, O'Connell outlines what he believes should be included in the Irish National Dementia Strategy.
Creating Excellence in Dementia Care: A Research Review for Ireland's National Dementia Strategy
CAHILL, S., O'Shea, E., PIERCE, M.
ICSG, Living with Dementia
An extensive research review was undertaken by Cahill, O'Shea and Pierce (2011a), which provided updated estimates of the number of people with dementia in ROI in 2006 and projections of future numbers in 2041.
It estimated the social and economic costs of dementia to be €1.69bn per annum, a large proportion of those costs falling on informal caregivers. It reviewed the current and future availability of services for people with dementia, looked at what other countries are doing and what lessons can be learned from them. The findings of this research review were distilled into a shorter report aimed at the general public (Cahill, O'Shea and Pierce, 2011b).
Focus on Dementia
In 2010, CARDI provided an update on policy around dementia in ROI and NI, at a time that commitments had been made to developing national dementia strategies in both jurisdictions.
The briefing paper also drew attention to the relatively low level of funding for research on dementia in comparison to other chronic conditions and makes the case for the promised national dementia strategies in ROI and NI to be used as channels for promoting research on dementia, as has been done in other countries.
Dementia 2014: Opportunity for Change and Northern Ireland Summary
Dowrick, A., Southern, A.
Alzheimer's Society (UK)
The Dementia 2014 report by the Alzheimer's Society (UK) provides a summary of key areas affecting people with dementia across England, Wales and NI.
Over 1,300 people living with dementia or caring for someone with dementia responded to a survey and over 2,200 members of the public were surveyed using a YouGov poll. A summary specific to each region including NI was also completed. The summary report for NI points out that despite higher diagnostic rates in NI access to diagnosis and post-diagnostic support remains inconsistent. Less than one in five people felt that they were getting enough support from the government. The report also comments on the variable quality of care provided in NI. Just over half of those living with dementia said they were living well with less than half feeling they are part of their community and it is suggested that people with dementia in NI have yet to feel the benefits of dementia friendly community initiatives. The report comments on the lack of government investment to support the implementation of the regional strategy. Fourteen actions are recommended relating to diagnosis, post-diagnostic support, resourcing the dementia strategy, social care funding, health and social care integration, involving people with dementia and carers, training, dementia friendly communities, evidenced based care and research.
iph copy 2.png
The Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) promotes cooperation for public health on the island of Ireland. It has 3 key areas of work:
Strengthening public health intelligence
Building public health capacity
Policy development and evaluation
For more information visit www.publichealth.ie
The Institute of Public Health in Ireland
700 South Circular Road
Kilmainham
t: + 353 1 478 6300
f: + 353 1 478 6319
Purdy's Lane
Belfast BT8 7ZX
t: + 44 28 90 648494
f: + 44 28 90 646604
w: publichealth.ie
National Dementia Policy
Health promotion policy
Ageing and Older People
Disabilty
Conceptual frameworks for thinking about dementia
Prevalence and Costs
Reducing the Risk or Delaying the Onset of Dementia
Awareness, knowledge and attitudes
Assessment, diagnosis and disclosure
Housing, the built environment and ICT
Mobility, driving and safety
Supporting People with Dementia
Pharmacological Approaches
Psycho-social Approaches
Intellectual disability and dementia
Including people with dementia in research
Supporting Carers
Legal and ethical issues
Financing healthcare systems
Knowledge of and attitudes to dementia
Palliative/End of life care
Housing, the built environment and ICTs
Abuse of Older People with Dementia
Attitudes (NI only)
Research Index (journal articles/books and reports)


Automaria is a vigorous and top-performing F1 Indica-dominant hybrid.
Developing flowers within 2 to 3 weeks after germination, this strain produces up to 120 grams of tasty bud to harvest within 70 days.
Automaria develops a hash-like smell and taste producing a classical Indica stone – smooth and relaxing – the perfect chill out weed.
With THC content of 9 to 12%, the effect of Automaria comes in slow and smooth to start but can creep up on you.
A great relaxing body-buzz without making you comatose like similar medicinal marijuana strains with a higher THC / CBD content.
NOTE: Automaria autoflowering feminised seeds are currently out of stock but Automaria II autofeminised seeds are now more popular and are most definitely in stock.
Please Note: Purchasing Automaria autoflowering feminised seeds from Paradise Seeds is legal in most countries with few restrictions.
Cannabis growing is allowed in a number of countries as long as it is for ones own use. A number of jurisdictions support laws prohibiting the growing of marijuana unless licences are acquired beforehand. Other states have restrictive laws that tries to prevent any of its citizens from cultivating Automaria autoflowering feminised seeds or alternative kind of THC-bearing cannabis for any purpose.
We do not pretend to be knowledgeable in cannabis legislation universally. If you have any doubts regarding laws on marijuana growing where you live you might want to contact the local regulators for clarification. Paradise Seeds Amsterdam do not support whatsoever the transgression of laws.
Paradise Seeds provide a law-abiding service informing the pubic regarding the qualities of a range of top-grade cannabis types and provide purchase of Automaria autoflowering feminised seeds and other cannabis seeds to anyone legitimately entitled to purchase cannabis seeds.
The same disclaimer stated above applies to the all free cannabis seeds as well as your acquisition of Automaria autofem seeds or other cannabis seed types made available by Paradise Seeds Amsterdam.
Also, Paradise Seeds bank do not extract, store, or share any data that could identify you when you come to this website or make a purchase of Automaria autoflowering feminised seeds or any other cannabis seeds from Paradise Seeds of Amsterdam.


Today's internationalisation frequently confronts us with people from other countries and cultures, as we need to cooperate, share knowledge and trade across borders. This is both interesting and rewarding, but from time to time, it may be difficult to fully understand people from other cultural backgrounds. Why do they think and act as they do?
Often, we understand ourselves best and tend to base our understanding of the world and its peoples on ideas we have come to believe irrespective of reality - and thus make it difficult to reach a proper understanding of different cultures.
The Question is: how do we tackle what we find incomprehensible or strange, and how do we make it comprehensible?
The author proposes answers to these questions. The author considers intercultural understanding and co-action, partly by means of general insights into the concept of culture and the dimensions which bring about cultural differences, and partly as a methodology to analyse a certain culture - whether one's own or others'.
This leads towards an understanding of cultural complexity and cultural differences among people.
The first part offers a theoretical/abstract proposal for cultural understanding.
The second part presents a theoretical/abstract proposal for understanding intercultural plurality and complexity.
The third part provides an empirical model for the analysis of intercultural co-action.
The fourth part presents and discusses a number of ethical issues in intercultural co-action.


text:
Q: Share Wi-Fi connection over Ethernet? I have a laptop with WiFi and a PC with Ethernet.
On my laptop I connect to the Internet with a broadband connection on a Wi-Fi network (Wi-Fi does not have Internet Access directly).
Can I share this Wi-Fi network from my Laptop with Ethernet cable to connect PC to Internet with Broadband connection on PC?
Both have Windows 7.

A: I have spent countless hours trying to share my internet connection from one desktop (Windows 10, equipped with a Wifi card) to another (not equipped with a Wifi card), and I have finally found a solution that has worked every time for me. I can share from Windows 10 (should work with Win7 too) to any other ethernet equipped device, Windows and Mac. It is bizarre and roundabout, but I haven't seen anyone post anything quite like this so I'm putting it out there anywhere I can.
All you need to do is follow the simple instructions below.
Okay, so:
-Open Internet settings, view network connections
("Change adapter options").
-Right click on your Wifi adapter, go to properties. Go to the sharing tab and disable network sharing if it is enabled.
-Close the properties window, then select your Wifi adapter and your Ethernet.
-Right click and make a network bridge between the two.
-Select the network bridge and disable it.
-Delete the network bridge.
-Right click your Wifi adapter, click properties. Go to the sharing tab and enable sharing again (make sure both boxes are checked).
-Go to the settings tab, make sure all of the boxes are checked except for "Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor Protocol".
-If you have online games that use PunkBuster, reinstall PunkBuster.
Any time your network sharing stops working, simply repeat these steps to get it back up and running.
And that's it. If you've followed all these instructions, it should work. Again, I don't know how or why, but this has worked 100% of the time for me. Hopefully this saves some people a headache!

A: Yes, you can indeed.

*

*Go to Control Panel

*In search, type in "Network Connections"

*Find one that says "View network connections" under Network and
Sharing Center.

*Enter it, and right click on the internet you would like to share and hit "Properties".

*Go on the Sharing tab, and check "Allow other network users to connect through this Computer's internet connection"

*Click Ok

*Plug the ethernet cable into both of the computers and on the one you'd like to connect, it should automatically connect.

But it won't work if you have your wireless connection with a static IP.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Services Date: January 17, 2017
May 4, 1936 – January 14, 2017 Robert Nelson Wiviott, willful warrior who fought back the inevitable for months on end in his attempt to be with his loved ones one more day, died peacefully at home Saturday morning January 14, 2017. A husband, father, grandfather and friend to all, "Papa Bob" was a man of strength and integrity. Never one to rest on his past successes and always looking to take on life and all of its offerings, Papa Bob will be best remembered for his passion for family, philanthropy, business (Bob Wiviott is the definition of Serial Entrepreneur) and travel, often piloting he and his family on their adventures. His unrivaled fortitude was on full display in March of 2016 where he was determined to keep his scheduled appointment for his flight re-certification. Come hell or high-water he was determined to continue being his own pilot. He fought through treatment and pain, and at the young age of 79 passed his pilot's license recertification course. Of all his numerous accomplishments, this is the one he was most proud. This event speaks volumes of our Papa Bob's grit and determination (aka stubbornness), and passes on a life lesson to those around him to set your goals, achieve them and believe anything is possible. By far, though, his crowning achievement was the love he shared with his family. Born in Milwaukee, a Midwesterner at heart, Bob picked up and moved to Los Angeles after he lost control of his heart to Sharon Cohen Wiviott, his wife of 59 years. Together they shared an exciting life, along with their children, Greg, Fran and Ernie, and Jay and Teresa, 11 grandchildren, Taryn and her husband Adam, Erika, Annabelle, Adam, Jacob, Leo, Max, Mollie, Simon, and Lilli and their 4 legged bundle of joy, Coco Chanel. He is survived by his brother Howard Wiviott (wife Joanne), Gail Spitzer (husband Jerry) and numerous loving nieces and nephews. His life's lessons, engrained in all those whose lives he touched, will continue on through us all and will be shared for generations to come. Papa Bob will be forever missed and will remain in our hearts and minds for an eternity. The family wants to say a special thank you to Arcelita Pererya who cared for him deeply and the loving care-givers, Greggie and Ren, who helped make the final chapter of his life as comfortable as possible. A memorial service will be held at Hillside Memorial Park, 6001 W. Centinela Ave, Los Angeles Tuesday January 17 at 1:00pm. The family thanks you for any donation made in honor of Robert Wiviott. The family prefers donations be sent to Stop Cancer, 2566 Overland Ave Suite 790, Los Angeles 90064 or Tower Hematology Oncology, 9090 Wilshire Blvd #200, Beverly Hills 90211.


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Q: samsung evo 840 500gb enable bitlocker without reinstall and with a password needed at each boot I was wondering if it is possible to turn on edrive + bitlocker on a Samsung Evo 840 SSD without reinstalling windows or messing with my windows install?

A: No you would have to reinstall so windows 8 can set this up on install, after you update the firmware on your SSD to support edrive
To be honest I would test the software version of bitlocker and see if there is any negative impact - I have it activated on all my windows machines and have never noticed it being slower.
For the software version no you wont need to re-install windows, just make sure bitlocker has finished encrypting before a reboot.
Bitlocker always asks for a password at boot to unlock the drive


As a first step towards making it possible to have translatable default text on ezstring and eztext as well as translatable options for ezselection (preferably ezselection2 on though..).
ezrobot added a comment - 10/Oct/12 5:37 PM This issue has been automatically closed due to the lack of activity over a long period of time. It is very likely that it is obsolete, but if you think it is still valid, do not hesitate to reopen it and mention why.


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