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Posts tagged with "United Kingdom":
Restoration of Glasgow's famed Mackintosh Building is well underway
In 2014, a fire sparked by a student project ripped through the Glasgow School of Art's Mackintosh Building, ascending through the structure's vertical shafts and voids, to devastate significant portions of the interior. Design team lead for the restoration of the Mackintosh Building is the Glasgow-based firm Page\Park Architects, who are at the forefront of architectural conservation in the United Kingdom. Completed in 1909, the Glasgow School of Art was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh in his distinctive Arts and Crafts style, adorned with idiosyncratic detailing and complex arrangements of materials. The Mackintosh Building was built in two phases; the eastern section was opened in 1899 while the western section was completed a decade later. According to Liz Davidson, the GSA Senior Project Manager of the Mackintosh Building Restoration, "Just over 50 percent of the structure remained relatively unscathed during the blaze, 30 percent was subject to damage stemming from the dual effects of intense heat and billowing smoke, and nearly 20 percent was utterly destroyed." The latter category largely impacted the top floors of the building, which are home to the library, a gallery, and the upper loggia. The process of restoration requires the study and evaluation of archival records and surviving materials as well as the sourcing of original materials. It also requires knowledge of traditional craftsmanship, a process Iain King, Depute of Conservation at Page\Park Architects, describes as "bringing craft back into the building." This effectively reintroduces a forgotten level of craftsmanship to Scotland's building industry. The restoration process is also a transcontinental enterprise. The restoration of Studio 58, a Japanese-inspired gallery located on the top floor of the Glasgow School of Art, required century-old American yellow pine for its columns. Although yellow pine can be sourced across Europe and the United States, the century-old pine is superior in its structural strength and finish, and thus needed to be sourced from a pre-existing stockpile or building. In a twist of fate, the Massachusetts Cotton Mills Complex of Lowell, Massachusetts, which was partially demolished in 2016, had American yellow pine of the size and quality required. Eight 23-foot-long beams made the journey to Scotland in a shipping container and were craned above the roof of the structure. The library of the Mackintosh Building was perhaps the culmination of the architect's design ethos. Built of rich tulipwood, the room rose the full height of the projecting oriels punctuating the Western elevation, divided into an upper and lower gallery. The ongoing replication of the library involved the construction of a full-sized library prototype replete with tulipwood sourced from the United States, and decorated with Mackintosh's distinctive pendants and scallops. Through the analysis of the library's charred remnants, the design team was able to unlock information regarding the joinery of the woodwork, allowing for the replication of assembly, nailing and detailing. The restoration of the Mackintosh building is expected to finish in spring 2019, with students returning back to the building in the autumn. For over a century, the building shaped and was shaped by generations of students. With this reciprocal relationship in mind, Iain King acknowledged that this authenticity cannot be restored to the building, but it can be reconstructed along the lines of the original design, "allowing future students to have their own memory of the building."
Report slams British regulatory system overseeing Grenfell
Since the June 2017 Grenfell Tower fire, the United Kingdom is attempting to come to terms with a ubiquitous feature of its urban landscape, the council-owned tower block. Built in 1974, the Grenfell Tower had recently-installed cladding meant to insulate the decades-old structure. Instead, the renovation served as an accelerant, leaping over the concrete floor plates that should effectively seal potential fires. The severity of the conflagration within a council-owned tower housing some of society's most vulnerable raises the question of whether the British regulatory environment and construction industry facilitated such a tragedy. The Guardian reports that the 'Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety,' has lodged a searing indictment of Britain's construction industry and governmental regulation of high-rises. Authored by Dame Judith Hackitt, the report describes the practices that led to the Grenfell Tower fire as being caused by a "mindset of doing things as cheaply as possible and passing on responsibility," and the use of third-party inspections that are "open to abuse given the potential conflicts of interests, with growing levels of mutual dependence between developers and contracted inspectors." In short, the regulatory organs tasked with insuring building safety are increasingly in collusion with the property interests they are meant to police. With more than a million people living in council-owned tower blocks, the review of British building practices and the regulation of high-density developments is imperative. As noted by The Guardian, Hackitt described the "whole system of regulation" as "not fit for purpose, leaving room for those who want to take shortcuts to do so." Although Hackitt's report does not provide a specific framework to address the safeguarding of the country's council-owned tower blocks, she emphasizes the need for greater clarity within regulatory guidance documents, increased scrutiny of inspectors and developers, as well as an examination of sprinklers, escape routs, cladding and alarm systems.
The birthplace of Brutalism in the U.K. is at risk of losing its most outstanding concrete building
Dunelm House in Durham, U.K., more commonly known as the Durham Students' Union, is facing an ominous future. The Department for Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) told The Architect's Newspaper (AN) that the Secretary of State, Karen Bradley, "is minded to issue a Certificate of Immunity from Listing (COI)." A campaign, though, is trying to save the building. Durham University applied for a COI in April last year and then launched a competition calling for a redesign of the concrete structure. In December, Bradley neglected calls from Historic England to award the Brutalist, 51-year-old building Grade II listing status. The university argues that adapting Dunelm House would be too expensive, costing an estimated $18 million. For many, however, news of what appears to be the building's impending demise will be sad news. Brutalism has roots in Durham—Peter and Alison Smithson met there while studying architecture at Durham University. Aside from that quirk, Dunelm House has won significant praise. In its year of opening, the building won the 1966 RIBA Bronze Medal and the Civic Trust award. In their statement, however, the DCMS said: "Having considered advice, it has been decided that Dunelm House does not meet the special architectural or historic interest requirements for listing." Designed by the Architects' Co-Partnership, Dunelm House was engineered by Ove Arup. In material and form, it compliments Arup's Grade I listed Kingsgate Bridge–a structure which was completed in 1966 also. Kinky detailings, such as the arrangement of chains found attached to the concrete are unique and fun (words not always associated with Brutalism). They are also a visual joke–way before postmodernism came along–of tying the building down. Slopes which make for great section drawings are in response to the topography of the site which dramatically veers down to the River Wear's banks. They also maintain views of the impressive 937-year-old Durham Cathedral which rises above the trees forming a landscape coalesced by the Kingsgate Bridge. Speaking to AN, post-war British architecture historian and author of Raw Concrete: The Beauty of Brutalism, Barnabas Calder reacted to the DCMS's statement:
This is very clearly a building which, as Historic England recommended, should be listed: It is a superb example of 1960s university architecture, in which Britain led the world. Even the university's own argument that it is too expensive to repair falls down on the fact that it will cost a good deal more to replace it with anything worth having. I can't understand why the DCMS has decided to overturn the advice of the experts at Historic England, and their statement does nothing to answer the question. Dunelm House is an exceptional piece of Modern architecture—sensitive yet bold, original yet full of rich references to the great architecture of its period... If the university thinks it can get half so good a new building on the same site for less than the cost of repairing Dunelm House it's living in a dream.
Christopher Beanland, author of Concrete Concept: Brutalist Buildings Around the World, also gave his thoughts on Dunelm House:
Clearly, it's a significant building that works in its surroundings. You look at it and initially think - yes it's aggressive, yes it's attention seeking, yet that part of the River Wear is a very peaceful place and the more time you spend there watching the students on bikes or in boats the more it seems friendly.
A petition to help save the building is available online here and naturally, there is a "Save Dunelm House" Twitter page.
Brutalist housing project, Europe's largest protected building, to be renovated within five years
The Park Hill housing project in Sheffield, U.K. has suffered a turbulent, roller-coaster ride since its completion in 1961. Now a listed building—the largest protected building in Europe in fact—Park Hill has been subject to scorn and adoration from politicians, architects, artists, musicians and residents. Park Hill is currently being renovated by developers, Urban Splash, who this month, announced that the project will finally be completed by 2022.
In 1945, British architects Jack Lynn and Ivor Smith began designing Park Hill; they drew from on Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation and Peter and Alison Smithson's unbuilt 'streets in the sky' concepts. Upon completion, Park Hill had a warm reception, receiving praise from the likes of Reyner Banham along with positive articles in national newspapers such as The Telegraph, The Times and The Economist.
Writing for the Architectural Review in December, 1961, Banham said:
Park Hill seems to represent one of those rare occasions when the intention to create a certain kind of architecture happens to encounter a programme and a site that can hardly be dealt 'with in any other way, and the result has the clarity that only arises when - as in the Villa Rotonda - aesthetic programme and functional opportunity meet and are instantly fused. But what Park Hill abundantly demonstrates is that there are other kinds of architectural clarity besides the Classical.
By the 1980s, however, the area had become notorious for attracting trouble. Flats had become rundown and Park Hill was synonymous with drugs and crime with this being down to a number of complex reasons including "poor management, deindustrialisation and better council housing stock in other areas of the city." Sheffield City Council then decided to award the estate—as public housing projects are known in the U.K.—protective Grade II Listing status in 1997. The move proved controversial among locals and the general public alike.
Four years later, a bridge within the complex was infamously vandalized by a man only known as Jason (not this author.) His painted message of "I LOVE YOU WILL U MARRY ME,"* scrawled in white and visible for miles, stirred journalist Frances Byrnes to eulogize it as "love yelling at the top of its voice in an estate thought to be desolate." Upon first sight of the message in 2001, estate caretaker Grenville Squires remarked: "How are we going to get that off?" Squires never found a way. Unbeknown to Jason, his work was later showcased at the 2006 Venice Biennale. Now, the vandalism-cum-artwork has found permanency through British architecture firms Hawkins\Brown and Studio Egret West. They're working with Urban Splash to trace and illuminate the text with neon lighting.
Cut to today: Urban Splash said that, after agreeing on a timeline with city officials, their ongoing work on Park Hill is due for completion in 2022. The work will continue with the gutting of the concrete structure and with the installation of new apartments. "This is great news for us and for Sheffield, we can now fulfill our ambitions for the project," said Simon Gawthorpe, managing director of Urban Splash, who later added how the recession had caused delays to the project.
In 2013, work on Park Hill was one of six projects up for the RIBA Stirling Prize. Approximately 600 people now live and work in renovated Park Hill units and, by the project's conclusion, the it will contain 210 apartments and 330 student housing units. Also funding the scheme are the Sheffield City Council, Great Places Housing Group, and national conservancy group Heritage England.
Despite Park Hill's success, the Robin Hood Gardens estate in south east London has not enjoyed a similar fate. Designed by the Smithsons and built in 1972, the project saw the realization of the Smithson's streets in the sky project (on their own terms). The building, however, even after campaign work from Zaha Hadid and Richard Rogers, is due for demolition having been refused Listed status by Heritage England.
*For the record: Jason's then lover, Clare Middleton, said yes but the couple didn't marry, splitting a month later. More on the story can be found here.
Shortlist revealed for Britain's ugliest building of the year
The shortlist for the least desirable architectural accolade in Britain has been unveiled. Comprising six unfortunate finalists, the winner will be awarded the Carbuncle Cup, a trophy which has become the stuff of nightmares for architects with projects in the U.K. The Carbuncle Cup is now in its tenth successive year and is proving to be a humorous, tongue-in-cheek response from Building Design (BD) to the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)'s Stirling Prize. Pedigree, it seems, won't save you: Foster+Partners and Rogers Stirk Harbour+Partners have previously made the list for their Moor House office development and One Hyde Park projects, respectively, which are both in London. Past winners include the Strata SE1 building in south London by BFLS and the Cutty Sark renovation in Greenwich by Grimshaw Architects. Last year, Rafael Viñoly's car-melting 20 Fenchurch Sreet (a.k.a. The Walkie-Talkie Tower) in London took the prize. Take a look at this year's finalists below.
A photo posted by David Mitchell (@mitchell.dave881) on Jan 23, 2016 at 6:05am PST
Saffron Square Location: Croydon, London Architect: Rolfe Judd First on the "to-roast" list is Saffron Square (otherwise known as Saffron Tower) in Croydon, south London. Though Croydon currently holds the crown as having U.K.'s fastest growing local economy, the news surrounding its architecture scene has not been so positive. Developer Berkeley Homes's offering, whose colorfully-clad tower can be seen from many-a-mile, has been described as having a "car crash of a facade."
A photo posted by Sia Pik Liang (@siapikliang) on Jun 6, 2016 at 3:24pm PDT
The Diamond Sheffield Twelve Architects This building in Yorkshire may provide accommodation for engineering students at the University of Sheffield, however, it is apparently "dwarfing" and "drowning" is neighboring church with its interior being "wasted," "unused," and "outrageously mismanaged."
Beautiful day for a skate, this spot in Hanley is awesome!! #spotcheck #skate #metrogrammed #summerishere A photo posted by Will Lowe (@wimpstain) on Mar 13, 2016 at 10:43am PDT
One Smithfield Stoke-on-Trent RHWL Architects "An aesthetic mutation between the nostalgic 1980s brain games of Connect 4 and Blockbusters might not seem like a natural breeding ground for architectural malevolence but this building proves what happens when color goes rogue," wrote BD in a scathing analysis of the multi-colored structure. Poole Methodist Church extension Poole, Dorset Intelligent Design Centre Churches have not faired well according to this year's iteration of the Carbuncle Cup. This extension to the existing gothic church has been derided as a building that "screams of the same bland, belligerent mediocrity that is the insidious moniker of ostensibly polite and ubiquitous background architecture everywhere."
A photo posted by Ben Stuart (@benstuartcreatemore) on Jun 2, 2016 at 9:27am PDT
5 Broadgate London Make Architects Make Architects's 5 Broadgate is one of three buildings from London (last year had four) and the largest on the list. Such is the scorn that the structure has received that developers of the nearby 22 Bishopsgate project called 5 Broadgate the "worst large building in the City for 20 years." Ominously, last year's biggest building happened to be 20 Fenchurch Street (The Walkie-Talkie), the eventual winner.
New towers at Canary Wharf #1. Lincoln Plaza. #skyscraper #photography #London pic.twitter.com/pDQGNGxtbX — Skyscrapernews.com (@skyscrapernews) July 5, 2016
Lincoln Plaza London BUJ Architects Last on the ill-fated architectural honors list is Lincoln Plaza. "31 stories of bilious cladding are piled one on top of the other to create an assortment of haphazardly assembled facades that are crude, jarring and shambolic," wrote BD in an unforgiving critique of the high-rise. And that wasn't all. "Were that not enough, the facades enwrap a grotesque Jenga game of rabid rectilinear blocks of no discernible form or profile and perforated by a series of balconies which one reader surmises "are an open invitation to commit suicide."
The winner of the Carbuncle Cup will be announced next Wednesday.
The jury comprises Thomas Lane, BD editor, Ike Ijeh, architect and architectural critic, Ben Flatman,author, architect and BD columnist, and Julian Robinson, London School of Economic's director of estates, who was responsible for commissioning 2014 RIBA Stirling Prize finalist the Saw Swee Hock Student Centre.
A new documentary—now being crowdfunded—explores the fate of a British "New Town" utopia
The word "Basildon" does little to conjure thoughts of paradise. For those who know it as a town in Essex, England, this association could only seem ridiculous. Fifty years ago, however, Basildon—a state-built "new town"—was synonymous with the utopian dreams among planner and architects. "Are we a product of our environment... or is it a product of us?" Christopher Ian Smith asks in a preview of his documentary film. Titled New Town Utopia, his exploration of Basildon's fate—four years in the making—now needs $21,000 for post-production, marketing, and distribution requirements. The feature film aims to examine British social history through the lens of Basildon's architecture, planning, and its creative residents. By way of some background, "New towns" were the product of the U.K. government, which aimed to fix a nationwide housing shortage after WWII. In 1946, the "New towns act" was passed to create ten new towns. Eighth in-line was Basildon, being officially designated as such on January 4th, 1949. "Here is a journey through populated ruins," narrates Smith, who's been filmmaking for some years. "It's the story of the grand dreams of the new town... compared to harsh concrete realities." Smith spoke to The Architect's Newspaper (AN) about his motivations for the film and his experiences while shooting Basildon. Now living in London, Smith said how growing up in the town was an inspiration. "It felt different," he explained. "I enjoyed the art, architecture, sculpture, and especially the high street. I've succumbed to loving the aesthetic of midcentury brutalism and the ambitions behind it. The utopian ideals behind planning and architecture at the time were considered progressive. In the 1950s and 60s, risks were taken. The spirit of '45, with nationalization and the National Health Service, lived on."
A photo posted by New Town Utopia (@newtownutopia) on Jan 19, 2016 at 4:52am PST
However, Smith acknowledged that these radical ideas—when attempted on an architectural and planning scale in Basildon—have wilted significantly over time. "The place has a terrible reputation, both locally and nationally," he said. Local civic pride, according to Smith, appears to be dwindling. With his film, Smith hopes to spark a "debate of the state of our towns" and "not just new towns." When filming parts of the high street and Basil Spence's Brooke House—both architecturally-prominent landmarks within Basildon—Smith recalled being asked: "Why are you filming that? Are you going to knock it down?" No one even goes to Basildon on holiday. In the 1970s, Basildon was dubbed as "little Moscow-on-Thames," Smith described. A decade later, the phrase "Basildon Man" had surfaced. That image was of the well-to-do working-class Conservative voter—a far cry of the leftist ideologies of the past and its architecture. This was cemented when Tory MP David Amess won the Basildon constituency seat in 1983 and was able to hold it for 14 years. In his conversation with AN, Smith concluded that in the end, "top-down planning" was endemic to its failure. In the process of collating more than 400 hours of footage of the town, Smith goes so far as to argue that few—if any—would ever visit Basildon for fun. His Kickstarter campaign has until September 26 this year to have funding finalized. The film, if realized, will be complete by March 2017.
A video posted by New Town Utopia (@newtownutopia) on Jul 22, 2016 at 3:17am PDT
The Brexit promises instability and challenges for Europe's architecture industry
It takes something of considerable magnitude to shift the global limelight from the U.S. presidential election. However, it appears Britain has done just that. The U.K. voted to leave the European Union and the largest trading bloc in the world, of which it has been a member for nearly half a century.
Economists and financial traders have frantically responded; The Architect's Newspaper surveyed firms for their reactions and examined the outlook for the U.K. and Europe's architecture scene. Before the vote, many of the leading U.K. architecture practices—including Thomas Heatherwick, David Adjaye and David Chipperfield, among others—all pledged their support for remaining in the European Union.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tItgGcWVHw
In terms of pure economics, share price fluctuation—notably of construction firms and developers—is one good indicator of industry confidence. When the market opened for the first time post-referendum, shares of Barratt Developments PLC, the biggest U.K. house builder by sales, fell as much as 32 percent, while shares of Persimmon PLC, which is the largest builder by market capitalization, dropped by 40 percent. Developers too were also wounded, with Derwent London dropping by 18 percent while British Land and Great Portland Estates saw share prices drop by 16 percent.
About a month prior to the referendum, architects and industry leaders held a panel discussion and came to the resounding conclusion that a "Brexit" would not be beneficial to the industry. David Green, director of Belsize Architects and former head of the European Division of the Bank of England, spoke of how procurement of labor and materials would be hindered by being outside the E.U., thereby inflating pricing.
He also added how the recognition of professional qualifications is "critical"; more decisions post-Brexit will be needed to set a common standard. The same quandary of materials standards would also apply. Jason Prior, chief executive of building and places at AECOM, commented that "Whether it be an Italian facade system or German tiles, those components can be used across the E.U. without any hinderance."
As for now, the U.K. is still in the European Union, and the referendum was only advisory. Still, to reject the result would be politically challenging, if not impossible. The next step is to invoke Article 50, which essentially presses the red button on leaving the E.U. The process gives the U.K. two years to negotiate an exit deal. Provided that many of those who voted to leave cited immigration as their motivation, the free movement of people and labor may be tricky to maintain.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BMRq96sAwk
The British construction industry relies on Eastern European builders and tradesmen, coming most notably from Poland and Lithuania. David Thomas, chief executive of Barratt Developments, said "If you ask any house-builder what their main challenge is, they say it's labor availability." That labor supply, of course, could be maintained if Britain negotiates access to the single market (the European Economic Area) in an approach similar to Norway, whereby freedom of movement is still permitted.
Currently embroiled in the midst of a housing crisis, the U.K. government has been urged by the Federation of Master Builders (FMB) "to not turn off the free-flowing tap of European migrant workers;" the FMB added that twelve percent of British construction workers are of non-U.K. origin. "They have helped the construction industry bounce back from the economic downturn, when 400,000 skilled workers left the industry," the FMB said.
Another complication of Britain's impending withdrawal is that Scotland now has a strong mandate for a repeat referendum on their own independence. In 2014, 55 percent of voters from an 85 percent turnout chose not to leave. For the E.U. referendum, only 67 percent of the electorate turned out to vote, but should Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon's calls for independence be successful, England would lose a wealth of timber stock, notably Scots Pine, which could make meeting England's housing demand even more tricky.
Former London Mayor and leading protagonist of the Leave campaign, Boris Johnson, has said that Article 50's enactment "will not come in any great rush." Johnson, who is the bookmaker's favorite to be the next Prime Minister, also added that his only aim is for Britain to "extricate itself from the E.U.'s extraordinary and opaque system of legislation." However, this notion was recently rebuffed by an E.U. diplomat who said "You cannot have your cake and eat it."
Meanwhile, the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) spoke of how architects bidding for public contracts in the E.U. would probably not be hindered. "For architects bidding for public contracts in the EU, no immediate changes are likely," they said. "E.U. law expressly forbids any weight in a procurement decision being given to the country of origin of a bid for a public contract. As such, access to public contracts for U.K. bids is not dependent on the U.K.'s membership of the E.U."
Here's what some of the leading figures in Britain and Europe had to say on the referendum result:
Rogers, Stirk Harbour and Partners
"Where do we go from here?" Richard Rogers' practice has asked. "We now face a difficult period of great uncertainty. All those questions left hanging by those leading the drive towards leaving the EU will now have to be answered. This will take time (years) and in the interim requires great adaptability and resilience from us all."
Renier de Graaf has said in a statement: "In a world where the most pressing issues inevitably exceed the size of nations, interdependence between nations is a fact. When problems escalate, so must inevitably the arena in which they are addressed. An institution like the E.U. is born out of the knowledge that in the face of the bigger issues we are all minorities. Countries in Europe have a choice: they can either realize or ignore the fact they are small. Yet small they are. All. Including Britain."
Allies & Morrison
In a statement to The Architect's Newspaper the firm said: "More than a quarter of our staff come from other E.U. countries. Over the course of our careers, we have enjoyed, been stimulated by and come to rely on their intelligence, broad education and warm experience. We remain committed to employing the best people from around the world."
Co-founder Graham Morrisson said: "Over the course of our careers, we have enjoyed, been stimulated by and come to rely on the intelligence, broad education and warm experience of the many architects from the E.U. that we have had the privilege to employ." Fellow co-founder Bob Allies, added: "More than a quarter of our staff come from the EU and the thought of losing that easy access to such a rich seam of talent is a consequence of the vote that will take a long time to adjust to." David Adjaye Associates "We are truly disappointed with the outcome of the referendum," said Adjaye's office in a statement. As an increasingly international business, which benefits from a global pool of talent (and in particular from within the E.U.), we were hoping to remain."
3D Reid
"I fail to see how the Leave vote can be a good thing, certainly in the short term, but the truth is we simply don't know what this means in the long term," said Graham Hickson-Smith, Director, 3D Reid. "The impact on sterling says it all. An out vote is bad for business." Skanska
Swedish construction firm Skanska issued a statement to AN: "Skanska acknowledges the choice made by the people of the U.K. to leave the European Union. Now the result is known, there will inevitably be a period of uncertainty as the country adjusts to the outcome of this very important decision. We will continue to assess the longer-term implications of the result on our business. However, we do not envisage any significant changes in the near future."
Peter Cook's first building in the U.K. celebrates hand drawing with a bright blue studio space
Archigrammer Peter Cook has returned to his childhood home, Bournemouth, on the South coast of England, to construct his first building in the United Kingdom. The building is a bright blue drawing studio—an addition to an existing complex at the Arts University of Bournemouth, Cook's alma mater. Built at a time when digital drawing is in the ascendency, this building returns back to support the craft and art of hand drawing. It features both "a large north-light in the studio tradition, a rear clerestory that throws a softer light back from the rear wall, as well as softer lighting from the east and a graded wash of light that comes along the curve of the entrance." The drawing studio was opened today in a ceremony that featured one of Cook's best known students Dame Zaha Hadid who proclaimed "I simply love this building."
Ancient Roman roads revealed in England with help from LIDAR technology
LIDAR, an acronym for "Light and Radar," has helped the U.K.'s Environment Agency show changes in topography for almost two decades from its inception in 1998. Since then it has been used to determine the effects of flooding and coastal regression. Local amateur archaeologist, David Ratledge, has also used the tool to locate ancient Roman roads between Ribchester and Catterall (near Lancaster), shedding new light on Britain's undiscovered past and illuminating the arteries of the ancient Empire. The Romans were notorious innovators of infrastructure, pioneering concrete, aqueducts, drainage, and, of course, roads. The first Roman road stretched from Richborough on the southeast coast, to Canterbury, where it went on to London, St. Albans, and up to Chester. Even today, some 2,000 years after the route was established, it is still one of the U.K.'s main freight roadways now known as the A2 and the A5. Now, it is thought there are more Roman roads, particularly in northwest England, between Ribchester and Lancaster. "After only 45 years of searching, I have at long last found the Roman Road from Ribchester to Lancaster!" said Ratledge on his webpage. The discovery not only tells us about Roman trade routes, but also about where they thought troops would need to be deployed quickly. It's possible that the Romans were fearful of Celts near Lancaster, hence a road that could be used to send support or retreat as quickly as possible was very useful. A tell-tale sign of a Roman road is its linear form. The Romans didn't mess around when it came to road building and if they wanted to get somewhere, they took the most direct route possible. Staggeringly, they even managed to plot a straight line—even when they couldn't see the end destination. This can be seen in the London to Chichester route where vision is impaired due to the North and South Downs (a range of hills). The solution? The Romans placed beacons on high points, using their line of sight to determine the straightest possible route. To walk the route from Ribchester to Caterall, as the Roman troops did, would take over seven hours according to Google maps. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qTRRBEkesA
Leon Krier's classical alternative proposal for London concert hall causes a stir
Pioneer of Poundbury—a traditional British town built in South West England in 1993—Leon Krier is once again rebelling against the architectural orthodoxy. This time, Krier is attacking the latest proposal for London's concert hall, the new home for the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) by Regent's Park, with his own scheme composed with traditional design. As a counter to relocation of the hall, set to cost $500 million, Krier has put forward his own plan that would see the concert hall be part of a new public square. His scheme would lay near and compliment the architectural style of John Nash's Park Crescent. Writing in Future Symphony, Krier was far from complimentary of the current state of affairs regarding contemporary theatre and concert hall architecture. An as "attendant of innumerable classical concerts, it is not the ravishing beauty of the music but the ghastliness of the Southbank and Barbican concert halls and surroundings which leaves the most enduring, albeit painful, imprint on my mind," he seethed. Neither was he favorable of the current planned location for new concert hall, the (soon former) Museum of London designed by Powell & Moya adjacent to the Barbican. Krier, a former associate of James Stirling and friend of HRH Prince Charles, said London was at risk of more post-war "soul-crushing, inhumane... loathsome aliens." He advised planners should "take a step back and consider just what were the mistakes of the halls we now need to replace" and "what should be done differently" to form "a truly accessible and enduring home for the London Symphony." In Krier's eyes, a homage to the past would be both respectful to classical music, giving it the grandeur and classical physical presence it deserves. "John Nash's laconic and elegant crescent buildings make a quiet urban backdrop for a grand architectural 'cymbal stroke' to resonate around London and the musical world: The London Music Forum, an inviting campus for everyone," he went on to say. His scheme would replicate the Vienna Musikverein and Amsterdam Concertgebouw halls in terms of both size and proportion. He also argued that "the architecture of the new forum's buildings and paving should speak the elemental classical language with which John Nash so brilliantly set the stage in character and color. Any required 21st century technology can be elegantly embedded in the design." Krier's retaliation comes amid the launching of a competition prompting proposals that would see Smithfield General Market turned into the new home for the Museum of London. Conductor Simon Rattle also proposed the idea of a new venue for the LSO, an idea which, according to BD, has seen many "politicians and cultural figures" jump on the idea of creating a "cultural quarter in the City." Last May, the Conservative Party pledged to support a "modern world class concert hall for London" and provided $7.9 million to fund a business case for the project.
Burntwood School by AHMM wins 2015 RIBA Stirling Prize
Burntwood School, a girls high school in Wandsworth, south London, has won the UK's most coveted architecture award—RIBA's Stirling Prize—with judges describing it as the "clear winner." The project by Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM) also collected the RIBA London 2015 award in the process. The concrete structure maybe a '50s throwback of sorts, but AHMM's school is by no means a concrete relic of the bygone era. In awarding the project the 2015 Stirling Prize, RIBA, which is seldom accused of playing politics, has also sent a strong message in the importance public education. The building was close to not being built as it was one of the last schools to be constructed under Tony Blair's "Building Schools for the Future scheme"—a policy ditched by current Prime Minister David Cameron in 2010. Education secretary at the time, Michael Gove, granted permission for the proposal even though the scheme had come to an end. RIBA President Jane Duncan spoke to the BBC about the school, noting how it "shows us how superb school design can be at the heart of raising our children's educational enjoyment and achievement." "Delightful, resourceful, and energy efficient buildings that will benefit the whole community in the long term," she continued. "With the UK facing a huge shortage of school places, it is vital we learn lessons from Burntwood." Judges continued that praise, describing AHMM's work as the "most accomplished of the six shortlisted buildings" and showed "the full range of the skills that architects can offer to society." They went on to add: "Burntwood sets a standard in school design that every child in Britain deserves... It is a culmination of many years of creative toil by Allford Hall Monaghan Morris in designing schools up and down the country. This is their masterpiece." Burntwood fought off competition from five other builds, three of which were also from London. Those included project by Richard Rogers, Niall Mcloughlin Architects, Reiach & Hall Architects, MUMA, and Heneghan Peng Architects. With the price tag just north of $63 million, Wandsworth Borough Council's investment appears to have made architectural dividends as members of the awarding jury showered the building in compliments. AHMM Director Paul Monaghan said schools should be "more than just practical, functional buildings," and good design "makes a difference to the way students value themselves and their education." "Staff and students have said on many occasions that the new buildings have greatly improved the quality of their day-to-day experiences at the school and students comment that their commitment to learning has been enhanced," Burntwood School Principal Helen Dorfman commented. The awarding jury consisted of Peter Clegg, senior partner at Field Clegg Bradley Studios; Rory Olcayto, editor at The Architects' Journal; Dame Theresa Sackler of DBE; Steve Tompkins, director of Haworth Tompkins and 2014 Stirling Prize Winner; and Jane Duncan, director of Jane Duncan Architects, RIBA president and chair.
Mecanoo tapped for $500 million Engineering Campus in Manchester, UK
The Dutch firm from Delft has already made a significant impact in the UK when they unveiled Europe's largest library in Birmingham. In what will be its third development in the city, the University of Manchester has announced plans for a new 839,000 square foot engineering campus designed by Mecanoo. In the words of Mecanoo, the campus "will transform the way in which the University educates future engineers in response to the needs of the fast-changing global economy." Set to open in 2020, the development is part of the University's scheme "to create a world-leading teaching, learning and research campus to develop the engineers and innovators of tomorrow." The site will be the University's fourth School for Engineering under the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences. In addition to this it will also become a base for 1,300 academics, researchers and support staff as well as 6,750 students. Instead of designing a group of buildings for the school, Mecanoo went with a single holistic building that employs an expressed structural steel frame. Professor Martin Schröder, Vice-President and Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University, said: "This outstanding new campus development will build upon our proud heritage of innovation and discovery across engineering and science that began with the establishment of the Manchester Mechanics' Institute in 1824. MECD will inspire engineers to continue our pioneering spirit and to apply their knowledge and help modern industry overcome global challenges, such as climate change, finite natural resources and changing world markets." Mecanoo is also designing the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington D.C., the Delft Municipal Offices and Train Station, and La Llotja Theatre and Conference Centre in Lleida, Spain. The firm also completed its first project in Boston earlier this year.


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Confirming Shedding of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Urine from Infected Patients in Brazil
Elizabeth Santos-Fortuna, Adele Caterino-de-Araujo
Elizabeth Santos-Fortuna
Immunology Department Instituto Adolfo Lutz Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355. 11 andar São Paulo 01246902 Brazil
For correspondence: efortuna@ial.sp.gov.br
Adele Caterino-de-Araujo
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.1008.2005
Since the discovery of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), several studies have been conducted to identify the body fluids into which the virus is shed, with consequent potential virus transmission (7, 10). Although saliva has been pointed out as the main route of virus transmission, mostly in populations in areas where the virus is endemic, semen, blood, urine, and stool have also been suggested as vehicles of virus transmission-acquisition in populations at risk of infection, such as homosexual males and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-AIDS patients (4, 5, 11). Unfortunately, all specimens analyzed up to now have yielded controversial results except saliva, which tested positive for HHV-8 DNA for several asymptomatic carriers and for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) patients (3, 4, 9, 11, 12).
In the last years, a group of researchers published interesting studies conducted on Malawian people. First, they investigated the molecular epidemiology of HHV-8 and the routes of virus transmission (1, 8). Then, using PCR, sequencing, and other molecular approaches, they evaluated blood and several oral samples from KS patients and their relatives and identified the HHV-8 subtypes named B1, A2, and A5 that circulate in Malawi. They also detected infection with multiple HHV-8 subtypes in a single individual and mixed patterns of HHV-8 transmission (sexual and nonsexual transmission via intra- and extrafamilial routes), confirming HHV-8 shedding in oral fluids (1, 8). In recent issues of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Beyari et al. presented the results obtained for urine and oral rinse from the same Malawian people. Using PCR and sequencing of open reading frame (ORF) 26 and K1/V1, they detected HHV-8 DNA in 6.4% of urine samples (5 of 78 samples), identified monotypic virus in urine and multitypic virus in saliva, and pointed out urine as another site of virus shedding (2).
To add some information concerning this matter, we present the results obtained with a group of KS patients and HIV-infected patients in São Paulo, Brazil, whose urine was analyzed for the presence of HHV-8 DNA by PCR of ORF 26 and K1/V1, as previously described (1). The results obtained revealed HHV-8 DNA positivity in 6 out of 55 (11%) KS patients and in 5 out of 18 (28%) HIV-1-infected patients without clinical evidence of KS. Interestingly, the group without KS presented the higher prevalence rate of HHV-8 infection. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological data, we may speculate that these patients were recently infected with HHV-8 or had KS at sites not yet identified. In agreement with this hypothesis, two out of five HHV-8-infected patients were found to be HHV-8 seropositive in immunofluorescence assays (6). In contrast, the relatively low rate of HHV-8 infection detected in the urine of KS patients may be the result of highly active antiretroviral therapy and/or ABV treatment to which these patients were submitted, which can contribute to virus clearance in blood and urine.
We do not know the exact significance of HHV-8 DNA in urine, but we can hypothesize that when virions are present in urine, this specimen could be of importance for virus transmission-acquisition, mainly in populations of countries with poor socioeconomic and sanitary conditions where the virus is endemic and also in individuals with promiscuous behaviors. Additional investigations, including the determination of viral load using real-time PCR and primers for different regions of the HHV-8 genome, are needed to solve this question. If urine is confirmed to be another vehicle of virus transmission, it will be necessary to formulate recommendations to block the spread of the virus.
Beyari, M. M., T. A. Hodgson, R. D. Cook, W. Kondowe, E. M. Molynex, C. M Scully, C. G. Teo, and S. R. Porter. 2003. Multiple human herpesvirus-8 infection. J. Infect. Dis.188:678-689.
Beyari, M. M., T. A. Hodgson, W., Kondowe, E. M. Molynex, C. M Scully, S. R. Porter, and C. G. Teo. 2004. Genotypic profile of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in urine. J. Clin. Microbiol.42:3313-3316.
Biggar, R. J., D. Whitby, V. Marshall, A. C. Linhares, and F. Black. 2000. Human herpesvirus 8 in Brazilian Amerindians: a hyperendemic population with a new subtype. J. Infect. Dis.181:1562-1568.
Cannon, M. J., S. C. Dollard, J. B. Black, B. R. Edlin, C. Hannah, S. E. Hogan, M. M. Patel, H. W. Jaffe, M. K. Offermann, T. J. Spira, P. E. Pellet, and C. J. Gunthel. 2003. Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in men seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS17:215-222.
Casper, C., M. Redman, M.-L. Huang, J. Pauk, T. M. Lampinen, S. E. Hawes, C. W. Critchlow, R. A. Morrow, L. Corey, N. Kivial, and A. Wald. 2004. HIV infection and human herpesvirus-8 oral shedding among men who have sex with men. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.35:233-238.
Caterino-de-Araujo, A., E. Santos-Fortuna, P. H. L. Carbone, S. E. L. Cibella, and A. A. Moreira. 2003. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibodies among women from São Paulo, Brazil. Association with behavioral factors and Kaposi's sarcoma. Braz. J. Infect. Dis.7:395-401.
Cattani, P., M. Capuano, F. Cerimele, I. L. Parola, R. Santangelo, C. Masini, D. Cerimele, and G. Fadda. 1999. Human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence and evaluation of nonsexual transmission routes by detection of DNA in clinical specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients from Central and Southern Italy, with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Clin. Microbiol.37:1150-1153.
Cook, R. D., T. A. Hodgson, A. C. W. Waugh, E. M. Molyneux, E. Borgstein, A. Sherry, C. G. Teo, and S. R. Porter. 2002. Mixed patterns of transmission of human herpesvirus-8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in Malawian families. J. Gen. Virol.83:1613-1619.
Dedicoat, M., R. Newton, K. R. Alkharsah, J. Sheldon, I. Szabados, B. Ndlovu, T. Page, D. Casabonne, C. F. Gilks, S. A. Cassol, D. Whitby, and T. F. Schulz. 2004. Mother-to-child transmission of human herpesvirus-8 in South Africa. J. Infect. Dis.190:1068-1075.
LaDuca, J. R., J. L. Love, L. Z. Abbott, S. Dube, A. E. Freidman-Kien, and B. J. Poiesz. 1998. Detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences in tissues and bodily fluids. J. Infect. Dis.178:1610-1615.
Pauk, J., M-L, Huang, S. J. Brodie, A. Wald, D. M. Koelle, T. Schacker, C. Celum, S. Selke, and L. Corey. 2000. Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men. N. Engl. J. Med.343:1369-1377.
Taylor, M. M., B. Chohan, L. Lavreys, W. Hassan, M.-L. Huang, L. Corey, R. A. Morrow, B. A. Richardson, K. Mandaliya, J. Ndinya-Achola, J. Bwayo, and J. Kreiss. 2004. Shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in oral and genital secretions from HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative Kenyan women. J. Infect. Dis.190:484-488.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2005, 43 (2) 1008; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.1008.2005
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Thomas Kelly Jr.— Alleged Misrepresentation, Negligence, & Breach of Fiduciary Duty | Goldman, Scarlato & Penny P.C.
Thomas Kelly Jr. allegedly engaged in acts of misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty with damage requests of $230,000 and $750,000, according to FINRA Reports under review by investor rights attorney Alan Rosca.
Alan Rosca, of the Goldman Scarlato & Penny PC law firm, is investigating activity related to Thomas Kelly Jr.'s alleged acts of misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty. Investors who believe they may have lost money in activity related to Thomas Kelly Jr.'s alleged acts of misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty are encouraged to contact attorney Alan Rosca with any useful information or for a free, no obligation discussion about their options.
A pending claim filed against Kelly Jr. on October 1, 2018, alleges misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty with damage requests of $230,000, a pending claim on August 13, 2018 alleges unsuitable recommendations, misrepresentations, omissions, and breach of fiduciary duty and is requesting $750,000, and a pending claiming filed on July 30, 2018 alleges excessive trading, and is requesting damages of $211,844.00, FINRA states.
A claim filed on March 18, 2016 alleged unauthorized trading and was closed with no action, FINRA reports.
Thomas Kelly Jr. is a NY broker with 21 years in the securities industry at 5 different firms, and is currently registered with Aegis Capital in New York, NY, FINRA reports.
He has had 17 customer disputes throughout his career, with the biggest settlement being $88K, FINRA states.
Thomas Kelly Jr. also worked for National Securities Corporation in New York, NY from May 7, 2008 until May 7, 2018, and also was registered with First Republic Group, LLC in New York, NY, FINRA notes. First Republic was expelled by FINRA in September of 2009, FINRA notes.
The Goldman Scarlato & Penny PC law firm represents investors who lose money as a result of investment-related fraud or misconduct and are currently investigating Thomas Kelly Jr.'s alleged acts of misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty. The firm takes most cases of this type on a contingency fee basis and advance the case costs, and only gets paid for their fees and costs out of money recovered for clients. Attorney Alan Rosca, a securities lawyer and adjunct professor of securities regulation, and has represented thousands of victimized investors across the country and around the world in cases ranging from arbitrations to class actions.
Investors who believe they lost money as a result of Thomas Kelly Jr.'s alleged acts of misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty may contact attorney Alan Rosca for a free no-obligation evaluation of their recovery options, at 888-998-0530, via email at rosca@lawgsp.com, or through the contact form on this webpage.


Sun Life is offering Canadians an industry first – extended health coverage to help people transitioning.
The company is "proud" to offer gender affirmation coverage, responding to an increase in interest from its clients and an effort to enhance its diversity of products in order to improve the health and happiness of its clients.
Marie-Chantal Côté, vice-president, market development at Sun Life Financial Canada, told LHP: "This came up in a few different ways. Our clients started to signal to us that they are interested in providing that kind of coverage to their employees.
"And when you look at the values, services and different solutions we wanted to help solve, we were thinking there was a great alignment in terms of helping Canadians with their mental, emotional and physical well-being when they don't feel connected to their gender.
· Core Coverage: coverage for basic surgical procedures not covered under the individual's provincial or territorial health care plan. For example, the reduction of the Adam's apple and/or voice surgery.
· Enhanced Coverage: additional coverage for surgical procedures to align feminine or masculine features to the transitioned gender. Such as, facial bone reduction and/or cheek augmentation.
While most medicare plans cover the basic surgical procedures for transitioning, many do not cover surgeries that feminize or masculinize an individual's features.
"When it comes to health and wellness, we understand that no two needs are the same, which is why we continue to evolve and diversify our health benefit plans, helping to meet the needs of all Canadians," said Dave Jones, senior vice-president, Group Benefits at Sun Life Financial Canada. "Having additional support through gender affirmation can make a meaningful difference and help plan members live happier and healthier lives."
Gender affirmation coverage will be available to employers who wish to add it to their existing group Extended Health Care plans, beginning April 2019.


With so many dates listed on the milk carton (sell by, use by, best by, etc.), it's no wonder many people are confused about whether their gallon of nutrient-rich milk is still fresh.
Not to worry; I'm here to help you decode the date dilemma.
You can disregard this date, as it is for your grocer. This date is provided to the grocery store by the milk processor to ensure that they sell the milk at its peak, so you can enjoy its delicious taste. Milk is generally good up to a week after its "sell by" date.
This date is for you. This is the date provided by the milk processor that states when the milk should be enjoyed by. It's important to remember this date is based on the assumption the milk has been stored appropriately, so if it has been left in a hot car while you were running errands after purchasing it or left out on the counter at home, the date may vary.
Try buying organic or shelf-stable milks. During the pasteurization process, these milks have been heated to a higher temperature than conventional milk, which keeps them fresh for longer.
Use the milk in cooking before it goes bad using my top three tips for culinary uses for milk before it expires.
Perishable foods like milk are packed with nutrition and with these tips, you can maximize its taste and safety.


This stunning White Lantern would make the perfect gift for any home.
The lantern can be personalised with 5 lines of text with up to 15 characters per line.
Please take note of the positioning of the scrolls (e.g. beneath line 3).
The battery-powered Lantern has a realistic, flickering warm orange flame effect. The attached hoop makes it easy to hang up too.


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Twitter Blocks Indian Minister In Standoff Over New Social Media Rules
Twitter insisted last week that it was making every effort to comply with the guidelines.
by SaharaReporters, New York Jun 25, 2021
India's IT minister on Friday accused Twitter of briefly blocking his account because of criticisms he made of the US microblogging platform in a standoff over new social media rules.
Ravi Shankar Prasad said in a "gross violation" of Indian regulations, he was without warning informed that his account was locked because of an infringement of US copyright law, AFP reports.
The account remained out of action for almost an hour, he said.
"It is apparent that my statements calling out the high-handedness and arbitrary actions of Twitter, particularly sharing the clips of my interviews to TV channels and its powerful impact, have clearly ruffled its feathers," Prasad tweeted after his account was restored.
"Twitter's actions indicate that they are not the harbinger of free speech that they claim to be but are only interested in running their own agenda, with the threat that if you do not toe the line they draw, they will arbitrarily remove you from their platform," he added.
Twitter was not immediately available for comment.
The US firm has been locked for several months in a row with New Delhi over new rules for social media companies operating in India.
The regulations require firms to remove and identify the "first originator" of posts deemed to undermine India's sovereignty, state security, or public order.
Social media companies and privacy activists fear the vagueness of the rules means they could be forced to identify the authors of posts critical of the government.
Prasad on Friday said Twitter had not been adhering to the new rules because "it would be unable to arbitrarily deny access to an individual's account which does not suit their agenda".
WhatsApp is challenging the rules in court, fearing that it will have to break its system of encryption that prevents anyone other than the sender and receiver from reading messages.
Last week, Twitter's top executive in India was summoned by police after a video of a Muslim man being assaulted went viral on the platform.
Police accused Twitter of stoking sectarian tensions.
In May, police visited Twitter's offices to serve a notice to the US company over its failure to remove a "manipulated media" label that it had placed on a tweet by the ruling party's spokesman.
Twitter responded by accusing the authorities of "intimidation tactics".
The government says it recognises and respects the right to privacy and that the new rules are only to prevent "abuse and misuse of social media".
Twitter was recently banned in Nigeria after it deleted a comment posted by President Muhammadu Buhari in which he made reference to the Nigerian Civil War - 1967 - 1970.
Many Nigerians found the comment distasteful and complained to Twitter, leading to the deletion of the tweet.
ACTIVISM The Lagos Power List: 21 People In 21 Million
CRIME BREAKING: EFCC To Arraign Naira Marley On 11-Count Charges
CRIME FBI Arrest Nigerian Billionaire Over $11m Fraud
Corruption SPOTTED: Valentine Iro, Nigerian On FBI's Wanted List Living Large Abroad
Internet WhatsApp Strengthens But Also Undermines Nigeria's Democracy - UK-Nigeria Research Team
International Twitter Deactivates 4000 Accounts Over Fake News


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Madison Incline
Built from 1836 to 1841, this large incline plane crosses over Crooked Creek and cuts through solid limestone. The incline provided rail service to Madison, allowing trains to deliver goods to the Ohio River. As the Ohio River lessened in importance, so did the incline. The incline is no longer used today, but visitors can see the railroad tracks and hike the trails that run parallel to the incline.
The stone arch culvert over Crooked Creek as it appears today. The railroad built this culvert in 1863 after the original culvert washed away in 1844.
The Madison Incline Plane is the steepest non-cog standard gauge railroad in the United States and dates back to the founding of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad in 1836. Madison Indiana is surrounded by a large set of hills. To move freight from the interior of the state to the port at Madison, a large inclined plane was needed to overcome the hills. The plane was built in three sections, starting in 1836 and finishing in 1841. It is 7,012 ft. long with an elevation of 413 feet, giving it an approximate grade of 5.89%.1
The Madison and Indianapolis Railroad was conceived during the period of internal improvements and chartered in 1832.2 Railroad promoters advertised the new line as the cheapest way to deliver products to the Ohio River. Proponents saw the railroad as absolutely necessary for the development and growth of Indiana.3 During the early days of railroading in the United States, railroads were used as feeder lines, allowing more goods to reach rivers, which were the major highways of their time. They were not seen as independent transportation networks. This view made Madison a natural choice for a railroad terminus, as it provided excellent access for the transfer of goods to the Ohio River.4 The promoters were correct, and in the mid 19th century the railroad grew the Madison economy. Specifically the railroad's transportation of pork from the interior farmlands to the Ohio River helped Madison become a "porkopolis".5
Construction began on September 16th 18366 under the direction of Thomas Morris.7 The construction took in two sections. The biggest cut required one hundred and seventeen feet of excavation through solid rock and has a length of 1,150 feet.8 The railroad awarded contractors William Stough and A. W. Flint the construction contract for the first section of the incline.9 During the excavation process, gunpowder would be used to loosen rock, which would then be carried away in handcarts.10
Labor on the incline consisted mostly of Irish immigrants. Though the number of laborers varied depending on the report, documentation suggests between 1000 and 1400 men were used to construct the first fifteen miles of track. The majority of these laborers were employed on the incline.11 Between seventy and one hundred laborers built the "big cut".12 These laborers would be paid fifteen dollars a month and would receive between "1 and 8 jiggers of whiskey a day" (roughly one to four ounces). The more whiskey a foreman gave out, the better workers he would get.13 The Irish lived near the site of the incline, and the area today is known as "Irish Hollow".
Motive power on the incline has had three key forms of power. After its completion, teams of horses pulled individual train cars up the incline. Train cars were allowed to travel down the incline by gravity.14 In 1847, the railroad installed a cog system on the incline, and a special geared steam locomotive pushed trains up the hill. This system was not satisfactory, and the railroad moved to replace it.15 The result was the creation of the Reuben Wells, a locomotive heavy enough to not slip when pushing trains up the hill. The locomotive was the basis for all future incline trains until they were replaced by diesel locomotives in 1953.16 Today, the Reuben Wells can be seen in the Indianapolis Children's Museum.
Currently the incline is not in use, but visitors are able to walk along trails installed by the Heritage Trail Conservancy and get a good view of the incline and the stone arch culvert that carries the incline over Crooked Creek.
[1] Excerpts from the Report of the Principal Engineer to the State Board of Internal Improvement for the Year 1837, Railroad Collection (MC-0012) Carton 1, Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library, 3. [2] The Village at the End of the Road, a chapter in early Indiana Railroad History, 17. Madison Jefferson County Public Library, Indiana Collection. [3] The Village at the End of the Road, a chapter in early Indiana Railroad History, 20-21. [4] Zimmer, Donald Madison, Indiana 1811-1860: A Study in the Process of City Building. (Jefferson County Historical Society, Madison IN, 2007). 60. [5] Current Events Club, "History and reminiscences of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad Company" in Early History of Madison and Jefferson County. Unpublished MSS in Madison-Jefferson County Public Library, Madison, Indiana. 50. [6] Sulzer, Elmer. "America's Steepest Railroad: Pennsy's Madison Hill Takes Honors at 5.89%". Railroad Collection (MC-0012) Carton 1, Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library. [7] Becker, M.J. The incline plane railroad at Madison, Indiana; its history and operation, 1878. Railroad Collection (MC-00012) Carton 1, Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library, 69. [8] Zimmer, Madison, Indiana 1811-1860, 2007. 62. [9] Current Events Club, "History and reminiscences of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad Company" in Early History of Madison and Jefferson County. 42-43. [10] Zimmer, Madison, Indiana 1811-1860, 2007. 62. [11] Zimmer, Madison, Indiana 1811-1860, 2007. 61. [12] Excerpts from the Report of the Principal Engineer to the State Board of Internal Improvement For the Year 1840, Railroad Collection (MC-00012) Carton 2, Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library, 3. [13] Elvin, Robert. "Semi Centennial: Railroading Fifty Years Ago, From Madison to Indianapolis, The Pioneer Road of the West", 1888. Robert J. Elvin Collection (MC-0007), Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library. [14] Steinberger, Samuel. Recollections of My First Days as An Apprentice in Machine Shop on the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, Railroad Collection (MC-0012) Carton 1, Jefferson County Historical Society Research Library, 5. [15] Anderson, Phil, Pioneer Railroad of the Northwest: A History of the Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis Railroad (Jefferson County Historical Society, Madison Indiana, 2013) 23. [16] Anderson, Pioneer Railroad of the Northwest, 2013, 24-25.
Facebook page for the Heritage Trail Conservancy, which maintains the trail system around the incline.
NPS page on the Madison Railroad, including photos of tourists in the 19th century and the locomotive used to push trains up the hill.
Madison, Indiana
Railroads and Transportation
Created by Robert Wolfe on March 22nd 2016, 9:58:52 pm.
Last updated by Clio Admin on March 23rd 2016, 12:10:05 am.


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Franklin Snyder Richards (June 20, 1849 – September 4, 1934) was the general counsel for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in the late-19th and early-20th century. He was closely connected with the defense against charges of polygamy of many leading LDS Church figures.

Biography

Richards was born in Salt Lake City in 1849. He was the son of Franklin D. Richards, one of the members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and Jane Snyder. From 1866 to 1868, Richards was a school teacher in Salt Lake City. In 1868, he married Emily S. Tanner.

In 1869, Richards moved to Ogden, Utah Territory. He became the clerk of the probate court there and undertook the study of law. Richards passed the bar in 1874. In 1877, he went to Great Britain as a missionary for the LDS Church. He was then retained by the LDS Church in 1879 to represent its interests in the settling of Brigham Young's estate. Richards remained the general counsel for the LDS Church until his death in 1934.

In 1889, Richards sought to convince U.S. President Benjamin Harrison and James G. Blaine to appoint officers in Utah Territory who were non-vindictive towards the Mormons. Richards formed a law firm with Rufus K. Williams, who had been chief justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, in 1879. They served as the primary legal counsel that sought to prevent the removal of suffrage from the women of Utah Territory in 1880.

Richards's wife, Emily S. Richards, was one of the main figures behind the founding of the Utah Women's Suffrage Association in 1889.

Richards was a member of the 1882 Utah State Constitutional Convention and was one of the delegates sent to seek the approval of the State Constitution in Washington, D.C. In 1884, Richards was elected to the Council (roughly equivalent to a State Senate) of the Utah Territorial Legislature, for the district encompassing Weber County and Box Elder County. Richards replaced Lorenzo Snow, who had served in the seat since 1854. Richards served one term in this position. Richards was a member of the 1895 Utah State Constitutional Convention, which was successful in gaining statehood for Utah.

Among other cases, Richards was the legal counsel for Lorenzo Snow in his case before the United States Supreme Court, in which a complex scheme was overturned which would have given polygamous Mormon men essentially life sentences for unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds Act.

At various times, Richards served as city attorney for both Ogden and Salt Lake City. He was also the prosecuting attorney for Weber County.

The J. Reuben Clark Law Society has an award named after Richards.

Notes

References
 J. Reuben Clark Law Society award named after Richards
 .
 Andrew Jenson. Latter-day Saints Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 4, p. 55.

External links
 Franklin S. Richards papers, MSS 1204 in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

1849 births
1934 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century Mormon missionaries
Activists from Utah
American Mormon missionaries in England
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Lawyers from Salt Lake City
Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature
Politicians from Ogden, Utah
Politicians from Salt Lake City
Richards–Young family
Utah suffrage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Speed Dating And Love – How They're The identical
LDS dating websites are web sites on-line where individuals who share on this religion go to fulfill people who they'll get to know and begin dating. The technology has made it simpler because of the introduction of the Internet. Over the past 18 years, they can have completely processed their matchmaking processes to get the simplest web site on the web for singles avove the age of 50. They likewise have a mobile utility so you're able to go looking on the go, and a blog with many useful info for internet dating as a silver. It'll show you don't have any control over your drinking habits. Major additionally stated that suspending parts of Northern Ireland's Brexit deal could be harmful and 'colossally stupid'. Talks between the EU and UK over the Northern Ireland Protocol proceed but Brexit Minister Lord Frost has warned that the choice of unilaterally abandoning components of the agreement remained 'very a lot on the desk'. To use Article 16, to suspended parts of the protocol, could be absurd.
They use their username and password to entry the website and contribute to discussions. This questionnaire relies on the "Five Factor Model" of personality traits, a concept central to fashionable psychology because the 1980s; you too can entry the results at any time in your profile under "personality profile". In different chaotic footage the panicked crowd will be seen carrying the shirtless, dying man to a close by automobile and loading him into back in a bid to get him to medics. If you're a mother or father and your little one is being abused, you may as well file a restraining order on behalf of your little one to guard your little one (and also you and different relations). You do not need to try a brand new design in such occasions because you're unsure about how they look on you. He nodded a small yes however appeared for all the world like he might throw up as the footage was performed on a number of massive screens. With Mr Johnson's assist successfully withdrawn, Mr Paterson give up what he described as 'the cruel world of politics' on Thursday. The interaction between folks from all over the world is now attainable.
The Carbon Steel Plate supplier is constantly working to develop materials, technologies, and instruments to supply the best possible service. The federal government has a working majority of around 80. Sir John instructed that had allowed Mr Johnson to deal with Parliament 'with contempt'. The former prime minister, whose opposition to Brexit has seen him at odds with Mr Johnson's Government, told BBC Radio 4's Today: 'I'm afraid that the federal government, with their over-massive majority, do are inclined to deal with Parliament with contempt. Schroeder asked the jury to go away to hear arguments between from both .Clearly irritated he took the opportunity to hammer house the importance not only of justice being done, however of it being seen to be executed. McGinness was so near the capturing Rittenhouse has been charged with reckless endangerment. Members of the jury had been visibly disturbed as more footage confirmed Rittenhouse on the ground capturing up first at Anthony Huber then at Gaige Grosskreutz who was filmed howling in ache, screaming for a medic, having been shot within the arm.
In the version offered by Kenosha Assistant District Attorney Thomas Binger, Rittenhouse is a 'chaos tourist' who recklessly wielded his AR-15, taking pictures two unarmed males and grievously wounding another. Under direct examination Assistant District Attorney sought to downplay the violence of the evening, taking part in the footage at length. Sugarman was caught on digicam casually dressed, leaving a reward at Planck's residence in the Reynier Village district of Los Angeles. He claimed Sugarman seemed extra involved in making sure that her work computer was returned. Sugarman is currently beneath investigation for a $43 million fraud scheme. He added: 'That's not in her character at all. Planck's cousin, Trey Hawkins, instructed The Sun that the family was deeply troubled by her disappearance, saying it was very a lot out of character. Planck has no recognized connection to the constructing, pals and household said. Wayne said he later arrived to see Planck hadn't proven up. She was scheduled to pick up their 10-12 months-outdated son Bond at his personal school in West LA three days later on October 20, but never arrived. Wayne said his son began to develop apprehensive for his mother and when he dropped him off for college on October 20, nonetheless not with the ability to contact his ex-wife, told him he'd be there to select him up.
Published 11/29/2021 By Karolin
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At LiveWyer we have a Slack channel for work-relevant links from the community, and we thought we'd get into the habit of sharing it on here too.
Check back next week for another fix of interesting projects and posts.
Get in touch and see how we can help you.


text:
	<title>C++ Phone Documentation</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">

 C++ Phone Documentation

Download

  This project is maintained by abrarShariar

  View On Github

        <button type="button" class="list-group-item">How to set up SFML </button>
        <button type="button" class="list-group-item">How to run the software </button>
        <button type="button" class="list-group-item">How it works </button>

  <button type="button" class="list-group-item" disabled="disabled"> Person.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">Phone.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">PhoneCall.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">PhoneBook.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">RegisterPerson.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">SMS.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">Methods.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">Options.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">SFML.cpp</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">Calculator.h</button>
  <button type="button" class="list-group-item">Dice.h</button>
   <button type="button" class="list-group-item">App.h</button>

        <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< iostream ></button>
          <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< ctime ></button>
            <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< string ></button>
              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< sstream ></button>
              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< cstdlib ></button>
               <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< cstdio ></button>
                <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< algorithm ></button>

              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< fstream ></button>
              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< limits ></button>
              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< cmath ></button>

               <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< vector ></button>
              <button type="button" class="list-group-item">< map ></button>

&nbsp&nbspMethods.h

This header file deifnes the necessary functions and extensions to other classes

Brief Description:

- Contains necessary functions and extensions to the other classes
.

- Can be considered as a supporting header file
.

- Containes additional faetures and funtionalities
.

Functions

                  vector<string>  readFromFile (string fileName)

vector<string> readFromFile(string fileName){
    vector<string> readFile;
    ifstream read;
    read.open(fileName);
    string output;
    while(getline(read,output)){
        readFile.push_back(output);
    }
    read.close();
    return readFile;
}

                   void displayFile (string fileName)

void displayFile(string fileName){
    ifstream display;
    string line;
    display.open(fileName);
    while(getline(display,line)){
        cout<< line<< endl;
    }
    display.close();
}

                    void writeToFile (vector<PhoneBook> myPhoneBook,string fileName)

void writeToFile(vector<PhoneBook> myPhoneBook,string fileName){
    ofstream write;
    fileName="PhoneBook/"+fileName;
    write.open(fileName);
    for(int i=0;i< myPhoneBook.size();i++){
        PhoneBook phoneBook=myPhoneBook[i];
        string name=phoneBook.getContactName();
        string number=phoneBook.getContactNumber();
        write<< name<< " : "<< number<< endl;
    }
    write.close();
}

                     bool  validPhoneNumber (string number)

//function to validate if a number is a valid phone number
bool validPhoneNumber(string number){
    bool chk;
    if(number.length()==11){
            for(int i=0;i<number.length();i++){
                if(number[i]>=48 && number[i]<=57){
                    chk=true;
                }else{
                    chk=false;
                    break;
                }
            }
    }else{
        chk=false;
    }
    return chk;
}

                      void viewCallHistory  (Phone phone)

/*
Function to display Call History/details
*/
void viewCallHistory(Phone phone){
    for(int i=0;i< phone.getCallHistorySize();i++){
         PhoneCall call=phone.getCallHistory(i);
        cout<<"Call Details["<< i+1<< "]"<< endl;
        cout<<"Call Number: "<< call.getCallNumber()<<"\t";
        cout<<"Rate: "<< call.getCallRate() << "p/s"<< endl;
        cout << "Duration: "<<  call.getCallDuration()/60<<"min\t";
        cout<<"Cost: "<< call.getCallCost()<<"tk"<< endl;
        cout<< endl;
    }
}

                      bool checkDuplicate  (vector<string> phoneBook)

/*
    Function to be used on PhoneBook objects
    return true duplicate entry is found and false otherwise
*/
bool checkDuplicate(vector< string >phoneBook){
    for(int i=0;i< phoneBook.size();i++){
        int chk=0;
        string check=phoneBook[i];
        for(int j=0;j< phoneBook.size();j++){
            if(phoneBook.at(j)==check){
                chk++;
            }
        }
        if(chk>1){
            return true;
            break;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

                      void addPhoneBookEntry  (string fileName)

/*
    Function to add a vector<PhoneBook> to the given fileName
*/
void addPhoneBookEntry(string fileName){
    string temp1,temp2;
    int ct;
    stringstream ss;
    vector<PhoneBook>myPhoneBook;
    printf("Number of Phone Book Entry: ");
    scanf("%d",&ct);

    for(int i=0;i< ct;i++){
        PhoneBook myEntry;
        printf("Contact Number: ");
        cin>>temp1;
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');        //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5918451/why-getline-skips-first-line
        myEntry.setContactNumber(temp1);
        printf("Contact Name: ");
        getline(cin,temp2);
        myEntry.setContactName(temp2);
        //temp="";
        myPhoneBook.push_back(myEntry);
        cout<< endl;
    }
        //to write myPhoneBook to a file
    writeToFile(myPhoneBook,fileName);
}

                      Person choosePerson  (vector< Person >  personList,string index)

                        /*
    Function to choose new Person
    returns a person object
*/
Person choosePerson(vector< Person >personList,string index){
    for(int i=0;i< personList.size();i++){
       Person per=personList[i];
        if(index==per.getPersonName()){
            return per;
            break;
        }
    }
}

                      void flushLine()

   /*
    code to fix first line skip of getline()
    the following code is found at:
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5918451/why-getline-skips-first-line
    */
void flushLine(){
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');
    }

                      void loading()

  void loading(){
    int show=219;
    for(int i=0;i< 50;i++){
        for(int j=0;j < 7000000;j++){
        }
        printf("%c",show);
    }
}

                      string showDate()

string showDate(){
        time_t now=time(0);
        tm *ptm=localtime(&now);
        int day=(ptm->tm_mday);
        int month=(ptm->tm_mon)+1;
        int year=1900+((ptm->tm_year));

        stringstream c_day,c_month,c_year;
        c_day<< day;
        string d=c_day.str();
        c_month<< month;
        string m=c_month.str();
        c_year<< year;
        string y=c_year.str();

        string startDate=m+"/"+d+"/"+y;
        return startDate;
}

                      string showTime()

string showTime(){
     time_t now=time(0);
        tm *ptm=localtime(&now);
        int hour=(ptm->tm_hour);
        int mint=(ptm->tm_min);
        int sec=(ptm->tm_sec);

        stringstream c_hour,c_mint,c_sec;
        c_hour<< hour;
        string h=c_hour.str();
        c_mint<< mint;
        string m=c_mint.str();
        c_sec<< sec;
        string s=c_sec.str();

       string startTime=h+":"+m+":"+s;
        return startTime;
}

                      void preRegister()

// SEE RegisterPerson.h
void preRegister(){
    map< int,string > preMap;
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Abrar Shariar");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Steve Jobs");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Mike");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Harry Potter");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Batman");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Mark Tyson");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Henry Ford");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Rakib Hasan");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Fahim Khan");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Gilfoyle");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Richard Hendricks");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Bruce Wayne");
    RegisterPerson::setRegisterPerson("Jon Snow");

    RegisterPerson::writeRegisterPerson();
}

                      void displayMenu()

//Functions to handle MENU activities
string arrOption[]={"[+S]","[+R]","[+P]","[+D]","[X]","[#]"};
void displayMenu(){
    string arrText[]={"Select Person","Register Person","Use C++ Phone","View Details","EXIT","View Main Controller"};
    char icon=219;
    //HEAD
     for(int i=0;i < 3 0;i++){
        cout<< icon;
    }
    cout << " MAIN Controller \n"<< endl;

    //Body
    // fist 2 icon
    for(int i=0;i < 2;i++){
       cout<< arrOption[i]<<"\t\t\t";
    }
    cout<< endl;
    // first 2 text
    for(int i=0;i< 2;i++){
        cout<< arrText[i] << " \t\t";
    }
    cout<<"\n\n";
    //second 2 icon
    for(int i=2;i< 4;i++){
        cout<< arrOption[i]<<"\t\t\t";
    }
    cout<< endl;
    //second 2 text
    for(int i=2;i< 4;i++){
        cout<< arrText[i]<<"\t\t";
    }
    cout<<"\n\n";
    //last two icon
    for(int i=4;i < 6;i++){
        cout<< arrOption[i]<< "\t\t\t";
    }
    cout<< endl;
    //last two text
    for(int i=4;i < 6;i++){
        cout<< arrText[i]<<"\t\t\t";
    }

    cout<<"\n";
    for(int i=0;i< 30;i++){
        cout<< icon;
    }
    cout<< endl;
}

                      string chooseMenu()

string chooseMenu(){
    bool valid=false;
    string option;
    cout<<" Choose Controller Option: ";
    cin>>option;
    option="["+option+"]";
    for(int i=0;i < 6;i++){
        if(option==arrOption[i]){
            valid=true;
            break;
        }
    }
    if(valid==false){
        return "INVALID INPUT !!";
    }else{
        return option;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It was on the 4th of July in 1776 that America the nation was born. Let us share with you the names of those famous people, the celebrities who share their natal days with the birthday of America. Check out the article below to know about the celebrities who were born on the 4th of July. If you love reading this article and want to share it with your loved ones, click here and pass this article on to your friends and loved ones. Wish you a happy American Independence Day!
Know which well known personalities were born on the same date as America.


text:
La Coppa dei Campioni 1993-1994 si è svolta dal 30 ottobre 1993 al 7 marzo 1994: al torneo hanno partecipato 32 squadre di club europee e la vittoria finale è andata per la terza volta al .

Regolamento

Formula
Le squadre hanno disputato una fase preliminare con incontri di andata e ritorno, seguita da una fase a gironi con due partite per ogni squadra; al termine della prima fase le prime due classificate di ogni girone hanno disputato semifinali e finali con la formula della gara unica.

Squadre partecipanti

Torneo

Primo turno

Andata

Ritorno

Squadre qualificate

Secondo turno

Andata

Ritorno

Squadre qualificate

Terzo turno

Andata

Ritorno

Squadre qualificate

Quarti di finale

Andata

Ritorno

Squadre qualificate

Finale a quattro

Semifinali

Finale 3º posto

Finale

Collegamenti esterni

Pallavolo nel 1993
Pallavolo nel 1994
Champions League di pallavolo maschile


text:
Cannabis May 4, 2016
Ask a Pot Lawyer: Relaxing Weed's Legal Status
The Feds May Move Weed from Schedule I Classification. That's Not Good Enough.
by Vince Sliwoski
I HEARD THAT the feds may relax the legal status of weed. That's good, right?
It's okay. Actually, I don't really like it.
The federal Controlled Substances Act is a statute that regulates certain substances, including their manufacture, distribution, and use. One of those is weed. The act contains five separate "schedules" to classify the controlled substances, depending on how intensely the feds believe each must be controlled. Schedule V, which is the lowest, contains things like cough suppressants and anti-diarrheal drugs. Schedule I, which is highest, is reserved for substances with "a high potential for abuse" and "no safe dose." It contains things like heroin, MDMA, Quaaludes, and, somehow, weed. Even doctors cannot prescribe these substances.
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) recently announced it will consider rescheduling cannabis. This came in response to a letter from Senator Elizabeth Warren and some colleagues, which urged the feds to allow more research into the benefits of medical marijuana. The DEA acknowledged that it "understands the widespread interest in the prompt resolution of these petitions... and hopes to release its determination in the first half of 2016." We shall see.
Still, shuttling weed to Schedule II or even Schedule III, in my opinion, falls short of the reform needed. Schedule II contains opiates (e.g., codeine, morphine, oxycodone) and stimulants (e.g., cocaine); Schedule III contains drugs like anabolic steroids. Conversely, tobacco and alcohol are de-scheduled entirely and states can regulate those substances free of federal interference. That is where I would like to see weed.
Proponents of rescheduling weed, like Hillary Clinton, tend to offer the hazy line that a Schedule I classification means that researchers cannot study marijuana. That is incorrect. The government does not ban scientific research on Schedule I drugs like marijuana. The problem is the feds have targeted pot even among scheduled substances, making it harder to study. Researchers must submit an investigational new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration, and the DEA has to license the research site and the investigating scientist. When you consider also that only one source exists for federally approved marijuana plants, it gets terribly difficult.
Ultimately, rescheduling marijuana would likely be better than nothing at all. It may allow banks to serve state-compliant pot businesses, and ease the oppressive federal taxing of marijuana businesses. Rescheduling could also help federal employees subjected to random workplace drug testing for off-hours cannabis use. But none of this is as good as treating pot like booze and cigarettes. Even if the DEA relaxes its stance, a new president could undo that.
A better hope, but a longer shot, is that Congress rallies around Bernie Sanders' proposed Senate Bill 2237, which de-schedules marijuana altogether. But that's definitely a long shot.
Send your cannabis legal questions to vince@harrismoure.com.
Calling All Filmmakers (and Stoners): Submissions are Now Open for the 2022 SPLIFF Film Fest!
by Mercury Promotions
Grab Your Bong, It's the FINAL WEEKEND for the SPLIFF Film Fest!
Know Your Cannabis Grower (Edibles Edition): Hapy Kitchen
by Josh Jardine


We did some searching for resources that are helpful for musicians and engineers. Here are five.
This tool is great for improving your mixing ability. Do this a couple minutes a day to recognize certain frequencies faster.
This sequencer is simple and not a bad way to make beats. You can export the wav files and then import them into your main DAW.
This is a great article about EQ. Talks about mixing within a DAW and paints some interesting perspective.


Canvas Print Flowering chickweed in black and white. Stellaria graminea. Artistic close-up of a beautiful wild herb bloom in spring meadow. Melancholic dark and sad floral background, copy space. Selective focus.
Poster Beautiful chickweed flowers in black and white. Stellaria graminea. Romantic floral background. Abstract artistic close-up of blooming wild herbs. Tranquil melancholy scene.
Aluminium Print (Dibond) Black and white picture of old and modern New York City architecture, USA.
Acrylic Print Mount Merapi and Merbabu in the background taken from mount Prau, Jogjakarta, Indonesia in black and white.
Poster Beautiful detail of flowering fall phlox in black and white. Phlox paniculata. Melancholic close-up of a blossoming ornamental plant in garden. Dark sad floral background, copy space. Selective focus.
Glass print Abstract spiral clock background. Twisted time.
Aluminium Print (Dibond) Beautiful dramatic atmosphere of airplane in black and white night sky with jet and full moon night.
Framed Poster Black vector palm leaves isolated on white background. Hand drawn seamless pattern. Perfect for fabric, wallpaper or wrapping paper.


I'll write soon about some fun recent work I've done, but for now thought I'd distract you with some of my favorite personal shots taken during this crazy summer that has been both maddeningly wet and stiflingly hot at times. Still, we managed to get out and enjoy the outdoors and our vegetables did grow, finally! Enjoy.
Clockwise from top left: The hindquarters of Clara, our dog, in an abandoned quarry in Stonington; gorgeous eggplant from Freedom Farm; a view of Mt. Katahdin from Daicey Pond, where we camped for my birthday; the extreme greenness of the Barred Island Trail in Stonington; the incredibly beautiful and frigidly cold Katahdin Stream in Baxter State Park; a rare self-portrait at Reid State Park (something about turning 40 made me think I should do this!); my husband, Scott, pondering life while waiting for morning coffee during our trip in Baxter; a recent cherry tomato harvest from our garden; and lovely lichen at Two Lights State Park.
This entry was posted in food, landscape on August 25, 2009 by Stacey Cramp.
All but one of these shots are beautiful.
Excuse me, but where is the shot of my wonderful stew in my grimy white kitchen?
Relax, Crampy. I did this BEFORE the CT trip. There is still a chance it will make an appearance!


text:
Home News President Buhari Is A Clueless Figurehead In Power— Miyetti Allah
President Buhari Is A Clueless Figurehead In Power— Miyetti Allah
The Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN) has urged its members in the Southern states to vacate the region and described President Muhammadu Buhari as a clueless figurehead.
The 17 Southern governors had after a four-hour meeting in Asaba, Delta state last Tuesday agreed that open grazing should be banned.
Open grazing of cattle has often caused conflicts between host communities and migrant herders, leading to several deaths in many states.
Some of the herders have also been accused of committing other criminal acts like armed robbery, kidnapping, and murder.
Reacting, MACBAN Chairman in Bauchi state, Sadiq Ibrahim Ahmed, claimed the governors were bent on frustrating their businesses as well as turn their people against herders.
He said, "This is a simple calculation. We are heading for secession. The rulers are no longer interested in the people. If some people are banned from open grazing, there is nothing more. Fulani people should move out from there. It is very simple.
"Must we transport the cattle there? I have said it before. We have an option of breeding our cattle here (North). We are peace lovers. Let them come and buy from us. It is some people's fault.
"Criminality started in the South. Armed robbery, kidnapping; all started in the South. We have been watching these on television. And if these are being transited to the North, and you know we have a government that is not protecting the Constitution of the nation. Everyone takes laws into his hands.
"The Southern governors can do that. There is no problem, let them do what they want. If the Northern governors feel like, they can also do it too (banning open grazing)."
He described President Muhammadu Buhari as incompetent, saying, "The President is there as a figurehead. He doesn't know what he's doing. He is not controlling anybody. In our country now, everyone does what he feels like. The country is already moving apart. Where is the central government, if some governors can meet and take decisions that are against the Constitution...?"
According to him, Buhari should "step aside or for Nigerians to put heads together and elect a credible president in 2023, a leader with focus and competence. Nigeria should get a leader with a good example, who is ready to sacrifice his life for his subjects."