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Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 Graphics Card Roundup
By Igor Wallossek 10 December 2016
MSI GTX 1080 Sea Hawk
Page 1: Introduction & Overview
Page 2: Benchmark Results
Page 3: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 Founders Edition
Page 4: EVGA GeForce GTX 1080 FTW Gaming ACX 3.0
Page 5: Galax/KFA² GTX 1080 Hall of Fame
Page 6: Gigabyte GTX 1080 G1 Gaming
Page 7: Gigabyte GTX 1080 Xtreme Gaming
Page 8: MSI GTX 1080 Gaming X 8G
Page 9: MSI GTX 1080 Sea Hawk
Page 10: Palit GTX 1080 GameRock Premium Edition
Page 11: PNY GeForce GTX 1080 XLR8 Gaming OC Edition
Page 12: Zotac GTX 1080 AMP! Extreme
Corsair convinced MSI to use its closed-loop liquid cooling solution on the GeForce GTX 1080, resulting in the GeForce GTX 1080 Sea Hawk. For the sake of simplicity, this card is based on Nvidia's reference design, but naturally includes much more effective cooling for the GPU.
MORE: Best Graphics Cards
MORE: Desktop GPU Performance Hierarchy Table
MORE: All Graphics Content
Exterior & Interfaces
The card's shroud is made of black plastic with a brushed aluminum-looking bit for eye candy. Weighing 44.2oz (1253grams), including the radiator and pipes, the Sea Hawk is obviously a lot heavier than an average GeForce GTX 1080. Yet it still puts much less of a burden on your motherboard than boards with oversized heat sinks. The other dimensions approximately match Nvidia's Founders Edition, as both products employ the same PCB.
It's also apparent that there's a hybrid cooling solution in play here. The Sea Hawk employs liquid cooling on the GPU, while the rest of the board utilizes conventional air cooling. A radial fan draws air in and exhausts it through the output bracket.
The back of the board is covered by a single-piece plate, which lacks openings for ventilation and is purely aesthetic. Plan for an additional one-fifth of an inch (5mm) in depth beyond the plate, which may become relevant in multi-GPU configurations. Of course, it's possible to use the card without a backplate. But removing it would risk voiding your warranty.
An eight-pin power connector sits toward the end of the board, tucked into the simple, subdued shroud. MSI's logo is back-lit, and the LED is controllable through bundled software.
A peek into the Sea Hawk's back end suggests that heat sink fins are positioned horizontally, guiding airflow to the output bracket. But those fins are fake; they have no measurable function.
The rear bracket features five outputs, of which a maximum of four can be used simultaneously in a multi-monitor setup. In addition to one dual-link DVI-D connector (be aware that there is no analog signal), the bracket also exposes one HDMI 2.0b and three DisplayPort 1.4-ready outputs. Openings for airflow dot the rest of the bracket, but they don't actually serve their assumed purpose.
Board & Components
MSI's Sea Hawk employs Nvidia's reference design with its well-established pluses and minuses.
The 1080 Sea Hawk uses GDDR5X memory modules from Micron, which are sold along with Nvidia's GPU to board partners. Eight memory chips (MT58K256M32JA-100) transferring at 10 MT/s are attached to a 256-bit interface, allowing for a theoretical bandwidth of 320 GB/s.
A 5+1-phase configuration relies on the same uP9511P as Nvidia's Founders Edition card. It also uses a combination of matching N-channel MOSFETs, gate drivers, and Schottky diode. For its low- and high-sides, MSI taps a combination of two NTMFD4C85Ns. The mid-range coils are technically almost identical to Foxconn's magic coils.
The memory gets its power through a separate phase that's controlled by the same undocumented chip used on Nvidia's reference board. It doesn't rely on the uP1728, which would have been almost the same (even pin-compatible). As we've seen from other cards already, current monitoring is enabled through the well-known INA3221.
In addition, two capacitors are installed right below the GPU to absorb and equalize peaks in voltage.
Power Results
Before we look at power consumption, we should talk about the correlation between GPU Boost frequency and core voltage, which are so similar that we decided to put their graphs one on top of the other. Mainly, the graphs don't change much thanks to an almost-constant GPU temperature. Our readings top out around 122°F (50°C). Thus, the Sea Hawk sustains the top of its GPU Boost range.
After warming up in a variable-load gaming scenario, GPU Boost fluctuates between 1936 MHz and 1875 MHz. As we'd expect from our stress test, the clock rate drops more significantly under constant load. The voltage measurements do look similar: while we see up to 1.05V in the beginning, that value later drops as low as 0.985V.
Summing up measured voltages and currents, we arrive at a total consumption figure we can easily confirm with our test equipment by monitoring the card's power connectors.
As a result of Nvidia's restrictions, manufacturers sacrifice the lowest possible frequency bin in order to gain an extra GPU Boost step. On the other hand, MSI's factory overclock is surprisingly moderate given its liquid cooler. As a result, the Sea Hawk can drop as low as 215 MHz. This doesn't affect power consumption at idle nearly as much as cards with frequency floors above 300 MHz.
Idle Multi-Monitor
Gaming (Metro Last Light at 4K)
Torture (FurMark)
Now let's take a more detailed look at power consumption when the card is idle, when it's gaming at 4K, and during our stress test. The graphs show the distribution of load between each voltage and supply rail, providing a bird's eye view of variations and peaks:
Temperature Results
Naturally, heat output is directly related to power consumption, and the 1080 Sea Hawk's ability to dissipate that thermal energy can only be understood by looking at its cooling solution. For starters, the backplate isn't much help. It is for visual purposes only, and doesn't even contribute to the card's structural integrity. Some thermal pads could have certainly made the plate more functional, but MSI missed that opportunity.
Corsair uses a massive frame to mount its pump above the GPU. Thanks to several thermal pads, this frame also cools components like the memory and MOSFETs. There's a recess in the frame just above the coils, but unfortunately that's not enough to let airflow reach the board's surface.
Looking at the frame from above, some kind of baffle is clearly covering the radial fan's back side. Air is consequently prevented from reaching that part of the card. Remember the fake fins we mentioned earlier? Without air moving through them, they serve very little purpose.
Even when MSI's card is idle, its fan spins at a minimum 33% duty cycle, or 1100 RPM. Apparently the fan curve was copied from Nvidia's Founders Edition without modification. That's pretty silly when you consider the liquid-cooled GPU rarely operates above 122°F (50°C).
It's also unfortunate that the radial fan is positioned right above the voltage regulators. There is no noticeable airflow right below the fan. Furthermore, the frame doesn't have any cooling fins that'd increase its surface area. Based on the simple issues we identified at a glance, this seems like an uninspired concept, which suffers from a lack of foresight.
As far as the pump is concerned, Corsair reached deep into Asetek's box of relics. This is a model we have known for years from all sorts of CPU- and GPU-cooling solutions. Its operating noise is clearly audible; there are much quieter and better pumps available these days, including options from Asetek.
Unfortunately the tubing is rather short. Installed in a larger case, hoses under 14 inches (35 centimeters) long start to get problematic if the radiator can't be mounted in place of a rear chassis fan.
The 4.75-inch (120mm) aluminum radiator features tightly-packed fins. Corsair's branded fan operates at a constant speed between 1100 to 1200 RPM, depending on the power connection, and can't be controlled by the graphics card. Coupled with the always-spinning radial fan, a certain amount of background noise is unavoidable, even when the card is idle.
The much-improved performance of this cooler compared to Nvidia's Founders Edition is reflected in our thermal readings.
A look at our infrared images shows that excess heat from the MOSFETs is partially dissipated by the GPU. With a bit more tuning, the memory and voltage regulation circuitry could have been made to run even cooler.
Our stress test reveals the flip side of MSI's hybrid design: the board temperatures are hardly better than they would have been on an air-cooled card. Given those results, a more tightly-integrated frame would have made a big difference.
Sound Results
Since the GPU temperatures during gaming and our stress test are similar, it's no surprise that the fan speed doesn't change much. The slight increase reflected by the blue line is an artifact of the Founders Edition profile requiring 1200 RPM for the temperature range. We're not sure why those settings weren't modified.
There is no semi-passive mode when Nvidia's GP104 is idle; the fan is constantly spinning. In the end, this results in a baseline noise level of roughly 36 dB(A) without load and for no real reason. Clearly this value is too high.
The 36.7 dB(A) we measured under full load is unacceptable for a liquid-cooled system. This value is the sum of all components: the pump, the radial fan, the 4.75in (12cm) radiator fan—none of which are quiet, which is a pity. With the Radeon Fury X's speed-controlled Nidec fan, AMD shows us that there's a quieter way to achieve liquid-cooling on an enthusiast graphics card. Even if Cooler Master initially screwed up that card's pump initially, the cooler as a whole was better-conceived.
In the end, MSI's GeForce GTX 1080 Sea Hawk cools its GPU well, but not its memory or voltage regulators. Moreover, it's a bit too loud. The cool GPU would have had quite a bit more overclocking potential, so that's wasted for no reason. We aren't even sure why MSI failed to load the reference PCB with all of the components it supports. After all, there's room for an additional power phase.
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ledhead11 10 December 2016 02:52
Love the article!
I'm really happy with my 2 xtreme's. Last month I cranked our A/C to 64f, closed all vents in the house except the one over my case and set the fans to 100%. I was able to game with the 2-2.1ghz speed all day at 4k. It was interesting to see the GPU usage drop a couple % while fps gained a few @ 4k and able to keep the temps below 60c.
After it was all said and done though, the noise wasn't really worth it. Stock settings are just barely louder than my case fans and I only lose 1-3fps @ 4k over that experience. Temps almost never go above 60c in a room around 70-74f. My mobo has the 3 spacing setup which I believe gives the cards a little more breathing room.
The zotac's were actually my first choice but gigabyte made it so easy on amazon and all the extra stuff was pretty cool.
I ended up recycling one of the sli bridges for my old 970's since my board needed the longer one from nvida. All in all a great value in my opinion.
One bad thing I forgot to mention and its in many customer reviews and videos and a fair amount of images-bent fins on a corner of the card. The foam packaging slightly bends one of the corners on the cards. You see it right when you open the box. Very easily fixed and happened on both of mine. To me, not a big deal, but again worth mentioning.
redgarl 10 December 2016 03:16
The EVGA FTW is a piece of garbage! The video signal is dropping randomly and make my PC crash on Windows 10. Not only that, but my first card blow up after 40 days. I am on my second one and I am getting rid of it as soon as Vega is released. EVGA drop the ball hard time on this card. Their engineering design and quality assurance is as worst as Gigabyte. This card VRAM literally burn overtime. My only hope is waiting a year and RMA the damn thing so I can get another model. The only good thing is the customer support... they take care of you.
Nuckles_56 10 December 2016 07:15
What I would have liked to have seen was a list of the maximum overclocks each card got for core and memory and the temperatures achieved by each cooler
TheSilverSky 10 December 2016 07:27
No love for the Asus Turbo?
Hupiscratch 10 December 2016 10:58
It would be good if they get rid of the DVI connector. It blocks a lot of airflow on a card that's already critical on cooling. Almost nobody that's buying this card will use the DVI anyway.
Two things here, most of the cards don't vent air out through the rear bracket anyway due to the direction of the cooling fins on the cards. Plus, there are going to be plenty of people out there who bought the cheap Korean 1440p monitors which only have DVI inputs on them who'll be using these cards
ern88 10 December 2016 14:10
I have the Gigabyte GTX 1080 G1 and I think it's a really good card. Can't go wrong with buying it.
The best card out of box is eVGA FTW. I am running two of them in SLI under Windows 7, and they run freaking cool. No heat issue whatsoever.
Mike_297 10 December 2016 15:23
I agree with 'THESILVERSKY'; Why no Asus cards? According to various reviews their Strixx line are some of the quietest cards going!
trinori 10 December 2016 16:16
LOL you didnt include the ASUS STRIX OC ?!?
well you just voided the legitimacy of your own comparison/breakdown post didnt you...
"hey guys, here's a cool comparison of all the best 1080's by price and performance so that you can see which is the best card, except for some reason we didnt include arguably the best performing card available, have fun!"
lol please..
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KUALA LUMPUR: Bank Muamalat Malaysia Bhd (BMMB) posted a pre-tax profit of RM236mil for the financial year ended March 31, up 129% from a year ago and a historical high in its more than 13 years of operation.
It said in a statement the stellar performance was underpinned by strong financing growth and low credit cost arising from improved asset quality coupled with its concerted efforts in capturing fee-based income.
Total revenue increased 11.8% to hit almost RM1bil in the period under review. The increase was supported by a 10.4% growth in financing income and hibah, growing to RM904.6mil from RM819.3mil.
Similarly, fee and other income improved to RM94.7mil, a notable year-on-year growth of 27.5%, derived from the bank's focus on expanding its Ar-Rahnu business and wealth management services, in addition to its increased corporate advisory activities.
CEO Datuk Mohd Redza Shah Abdul Wahid said it was a record year for the bank which had achieved a new milestone in its financial results.
"More importantly, we have closed the year with a healthier balance sheet. To keep this momentum going, we will continue to place great emphasis on strengthening our balance sheet to position the bank towards long-term sustainable growth," he said in a statement yesterday.
The bank registered a net write-back of RM20.2mil for its financial assets, reversing the net provision of RM63mil made in the previous financial year.
Asset quality as measured by gross impairment ratio has improved to 2.5%, almost half of 4.7% recorded in the previous financial year.
These improvements are reflective of the bank's continuous effort on prudent recovery, credit risk management initiatives taken and better quality financing base expansion.
Gross financing grew to RM10.6bil fuelled by a 30.2% growth in consumer financing over the preceding year. Consumer financing contributed 66% of the overall financing portfolio. With the growth in financing, the bank closed its financial year with total assets of RM21.1bil.
Total deposits grew to RM18.7bil with a growth of 17.3% in savings deposits from the expanded customer base in the period under review.
The bank has proposed a first and final dividend of 26% to its shareholders for the financial year ended March 31, 2013, subject to its shareholders' approval.


text:
Andy Sternberg
insights from the digital future
Tag: pages
Some Facebook Pages Now Reveal 'Impression' Counts to page admins
But another number to add to the analytics spreadsheet, this gives the most specific data on "impressions" of Facebook page feed entries to date. But how an impression is defined by facebook is not entirely clear. Does this mean someone actually paused to read it while scrolling their News Feed? Did they visit the fan page while it was top post?
What is clear is that impressions has nothing to do with clickthrus, however, it is a more specific number than "reach," which in the case of facebook or twitter — where people with inflated friend and follower counts regularly republish and retweet — quickly inflates into the millions with little true effect.
So what of it? And why now? And why do I only see this on ONE of many FB pages that I admin? And when can I get moar moar moar data please facebook?
Continue reading "Some Facebook Pages Now Reveal 'Impression' Counts to page admins"
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San Francisco 49ers News
2021 NFL Playoffs
ESPN gives the 49ers a 77% chance to make the playoffs after Week 14
They give the Niners a 0.1% chance to win the NFC West. So you're saying there's a chance....
By Kyle Posey@KP_Show Dec 15, 2021, 9:34am PST
Share All sharing options for: ESPN gives the 49ers a 77% chance to make the playoffs after Week 14
Photo by Michael Zagaris/San Francisco 49ers/Getty Images
On October 25, the 49ers' odds of making the playoffs were 20% per ESPN's Football Power Index (FPI), 27% per Football Outsiders, and only 16% on 538. As we've seen, a lot can change in two months.
The Niners have found their groove, won some ugly games, won some blowouts, but, more importantly, regained their health. Since Halloween, San Francisco has won five of its past seven games and will likely be favored in three of its final four games. What seemed impossible two months ago will now be a lock with a win over the Falcons Sunday and likely one more win over the Texans.
538 gives the 49ers a 75% chance to make the playoffs. Football Outsiders has the Niners at 85%, which is up 3.8% from last week. Finally, ESPN's FPI has Kyle Shanahan's crew with a 77% chance to make the tournament:
The 49ers' playoff chances got a significant boost with Sunday's overtime victory in Cincinnati. Most importantly, it allowed them to put a game's worth of distance between them and the five NFC teams with 6-7 records, and the FPI has their playoff odds at 77.3%. Had the Bengals completed their comeback, the 49ers' odds would have been 53%.
The 49ers could put away one of those teams next week if they defeat the Falcons, but it won't be easy sledding. The Niners still have games remaining at the Titans and Rams, with a presumably gimme matchup against the Texans in between.
Winning on the road against the Bengals, albeit a typical heart attack game, is a good win no matter how you slice it. Cincy is a playoff-caliber team with the type of weapons the 49ers would see in the playoffs.
My wish is coming true. If the playoffs started today, the 49ers would play the Cardinals. I can't think of a better matchup in the first round. Yes, it's on the road. But the familiarity and playing a team for the third time plays into the Niners' hands. There will be plenty of flip-flopping during the next month, seeding-wise, but here's to hoping Arizona stays at No. 3 and San Francisco ends the season as the 6-seed.


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Published: November 29, 2016, 10:52 am
Tags: Sports, Daily Craig
Daily Craig: We are there
HOUSTON – It has reached a point that no fan wants to see reached. Texans fans know the Osweiler kid is in over his head. The offense has been dumbed down for him and he still can't get it.
We were surprised at how he looked in the loss to Oakland. He looked OK, not good, just OK. The attitude then was "Well, he wasn't horrible, so I guess that's a positive" said season ticket holders and fans who can't afford the tickets. The San Diego game had us back to normal. One of the worst defenses against the pass in the NF-Hell didn't allow a single TD to Houston. No. 17 got one in from the 2-foot line and that was it except for a couple of Novak boots. Horrible.
Don't tell the Coach that Brock stunk again. He is sticking with him no matter what. That also tells us the backup will never get in barring an injury to No. 17. In fact, Tom Savage must really be horrible. Although we may never know. Can you see No. 17 snapping out of it in Green Bay? The Pack isn't back but I bet they take the Texans apart. The script is simple. The locals can't score, and once behind by more than 10 it's over.
The fact the team is 6-5 almost seems magical. Oh, they were 6-3 and we couldn't believe it. Now we are believers and 6-7 is within reach the next two weeks. If you have someone on your shopping list you really aren't happy with, I have a solution. Give them the rest of your Texans tickets. They'll think you did them a favor.
2016 Click2Houston/KPRC2


For as long as I can remember, I've wanted to skip town for Thanksgiving. I don't know where the urge came from. I like my family, and I like Andy's family. Something about Thanksgiving makes me itch for freedom, though. When I shared my dream with Andy, he concurred, and it became our dream. Every Thanksgiving morning, we would talk about our dream while we made green bean casserole (it is, after all, one of my favorite foods), and then we would talk about it some more while we drove from my grandmother's house to his parents' house to eat our second giant meal in five hours. It was the same every year, with the exception of the Thanksgiving two years ago when we drank too much at the Dash In the night before and were hungover on Thursday morning and the Thanksgiving four years ago when we both got the stomach flu.
Thanksgiving had become predictable. It was in a rut. It needed a change of scenery.
When Sachen died, we knew we were free to do more traveling, but it has taken us awhile to let ourselves take advantage of that freedom. When I turned thirty-two in August, I decided that thirty-two would be my year of traveling. I went to Texas with my mom and my sister at the end of August. We went to Chicago to see Radiolab in October. And last weekend, we went to Virginia for Thanksgiving.
It was everything we dreamed it would be. I called it Alt Thanksgiving. The whole time, I felt like I was getting away with something.
We slept in on Thanksgiving and then went to a movie. When we normally would have been making green bean casserole and lamenting our fate, we were instead drinking cider and eating queso at the Alamo Drafthouse. That evening, we drove to a country inn and restaurant for Thanksgiving dinner. We ate the traditional turkey, yams, stuffing, potatoes, and squash casserole (I did miss the green beans), but in a new setting, prepared by strangers who cook for a living, everything tasted like heaven. The meal also included some dishes I'd never had like sun choke soup with walnut pesto (incredible!) and wild mushroom strudel, which was also delicious despite how gross mushrooms are.
We slept in again on Friday and then we had sushi for breakfast. Vacation is the best, in case you didn't know. After sushi, we wandered around Old Town Winchester. It was the most relaxing Black Friday shopping in history. There was a corgi at the liquor store and a pair of hilarious sisters working at the book store. We had some work to do on Friday afternoon, but we found a coffee shop and got it done without losing our vacation joie de vivre. On Friday night, we ate (and drank) at my friend Liz's restaurant, eM. I highly recommend having friends who run restaurants.
We left early Saturday morning to make it to my uncle's in Waterville, Ohio for what is usually our third family Thanksgiving. We lost the "alt" part of Thanksgiving, but it was good to see family that we only see on Thanksgiving. Maybe that's the point. We live in our hometown where most of our families still live. Thanksgiving is a special time for us to get together, but the truth is that we can and do get together a lot. Thanksgiving adds an unnecessary level of stress to what otherwise could be normal family gatherings.
I can't recommend Alt Thanksgiving enough. It was a perfect mini-vacation here at the beginning of this stressful holiday season (and by "holiday," I of course mean "finals"). It's important to have partners who share your dreams, especially if your dreams are a little controversial. My next Thanksgiving-related dream is to eat pizza instead of turkey, like the Quartermaines do. I hope Andy is down for it.


I'm so excited to bring this giveaway to you - my readers! I've been participating in a review program for The Family Toolbox. The first step I get to share with you all is this fantastic giveaway! The lucky winner will get a wonderful bundle of resources and a $50 gift card to Amazon. How wonderful is that!
In October I will be sharing my thoughts about The Family Toolbox. I can't wait to share this with you all. Be sure to join us on October 16th for a fabulous Facebook party! (Details below).
It affects the way people think, the way they act, and the way they treat others around them. Honor motivates parents to treat children differently. It gives children more constructive ways to interact with their parents. It helps siblings develop tolerance and patience. Honor builds incredibly strong bonds that, in turn, benefit all members of the family. This book shows you in practical ways and shows how honor can transform your family. To enter, use the Rafflecopter below. This giveaway is open internationally to those age 18 and older.


President Bush, saying ``farmers have indeed suffered,'' signed legislation Monday providing nearly $900 million in disaster relief for farms where crops were battered this year by rain or drought. The President persuaded Congress to trim the relief package to $897 million from an earlier $1.3 billion version passed by the House.
``It will provide relief only to those farmers hardest hit by adverse weather and it wisely rewards those who took the prudent step of purchasing crop insurance,'' he said.


The build algorithm used in Adaptrade Builder is illustrated below. The core element of the algorithm is genetic programming (GP), which evolves a population of trading strategies based on their fitness. Fitter strategies combine to produce offspring strategies in analogy to the biological processes of reproduction and evolution.
The gray-shaded boxes in the figure represent the input data, which includes the price data for the market of interest, the indicators and order types in the so-called build set, and the options and performance criteria (build goals) selected by the user.
The algorithm starts with the Strategy Generation step. An initial population of trading strategies is randomly developed from the available technical indicators and rule types in the build set. Any options that the user has selected, such as exiting all positions at end-of-day, are applied at this point. Each strategy is then evaluated over the price data for the market of interest, and a fitness value is assigned based on a weighted average of the build goals specified by the user. For example, you might select net profit and drawdown as the two performance metrics and weight each one equally. The fitness would then be the average of the (normalized) net profit and drawdown.
To generate new members of the population, members of the current population are selected at random, and the fitter ones are chosen as parents for crossover and mutation. A less fit member is selected at random to be replaced by the new member. The process is repeated until as many new members have been created as there are members in the current population. This step represents one generation.
If the user has selected one of the Build Failure Rules, the results are checked on the test segment after the specified number of generations. If the results are not above the threshold chosen by the user, the process is reset, which causes the population to be re-initialized and the generation count to be reset to zero. After the specified number of generations has been successfully completed, the top strategies are listed in the Performance table in order of fitness.
The GP process evolves two essential strategy elements simultaneously: entry and exit conditions and orders for entry and exit. The entry and exit conditions are represented as tree structures, as shown below.
The tree structure enables the generation of conditions with considerable complexity. Each node in the tree has between zero and three inputs, each of which leads to further branching. The tree is constructed recursively starting at the top with a logical operator (and, or, >, <, etc.) and proceeding to technical indicator functions, prices, and constants, such as indicator lengths. Each branch is terminated with a node that has no inputs. Available indicators in Builder are listed in Table 1, below. These are described in detail in the appendix to the user's guide. Custom indicators may be read into Builder as well.
The crossover operator of the GP process replaces a subtree in one parent with a subtree from the other parent. For example, the subtree on the right of the tree diagram, starting with ">" (i.e., SlowD(14) > FastK(5)), might be replaced with a different subtree from another member of the population. Mutation changes individual nodes in the tree. For example, the "Average" node might be replaced with "Lowest" so that the subtree Average(H, 23) becomes Lowest(H, 23).
An entry/exit condition is evolved separately for long and short trades unless the user selects "Long only", "Short only", or "Long/Short Symmetry". Each condition is a logical statement; it evaluates to either true or false. A value of true means the condition is satisfied for that market side (long or short), which is necessary for the order to be placed.
In order to generate meaningful conditions, Builder applies both syntactic and semantic rules when building the conditions. Syntactic rules ensure that each node containing a function satisfies the input requirements for the function. For example, the Momentum function requires a price as the first input and a length as the second input. Semantic rules ensure that comparisons between different nodes are meaningful. For example, it makes sense to compare the Highest(C, 20) to a moving average since both functions return a price. However, it would not be meaningful to compare the closing price to the time of day or to compare a stochastic, which has a value between 0 and 100, to a moving average of price. The semantic rules enforce these requirements.
For additional information on the build process, including a description of the types of entry and exit orders and the general structure of trading strategies in Builder, please see the Introduction chapter in the user's guide.
Additional information on genetic programming for building trading strategies is available on the Articles page. Several newsletters illustrate the use of Builder and the genetic programming process.


More than you ever expected - Evermore Retirement living in Forster NSW promises you total peace of mind in serene surroundings that feel more like a luxury 5-star holiday resort. That is what supported living is all about at Evermore.
You will be welcomed in brand new surroundings where you will immediately feel right at home. The smart architectural design brings you an apartment home that is comfortable, convenient and stylish - with everything at your fingertips.
Evermore truly caters for all your day-to-day needs, while respecting your independence and privacy. Your own home in the heart of town, easy access to the Forster CBD and local attractions, without the hassle of maintenance, repairs, lawns and gardens.
Add to all this the countless enjoyable lifestyle choices that await you here: new friendships, easy shopping, beautiful beaches, cafes, the RSL and bowling club, restaurants and more - and you're engaging in countless activities you can enjoy to whatever extent you prefer.
You will be living in your very own spacious 1 or 2 bedroom luxury apartment, knowing that with supported living at Evermore, qualified help is close by if you need it - and that you are close to medical care from the neighbouring Forster Private Hospital and supporting aged care providers. Retirement living has never been so good.
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Would You Swap Your AirPods for Microsoft Surface Buds?
April 16, 2019, 2:26 a.m.
According to Thurrott, Microsoft is reportedly developing a pair of wireless earbuds, which Redmond might call Surface Buds. They'll join the $349 Surface Headphones.
Microsoft is reportedly developing a pair of wireless earbuds to compete with Apple's AirPods.
The upcoming earbuds are currently codenamed "Morrison," according to tech site Thurrott.com, which cited unnamed sources familiar with the company's plans.
Last November, Microsoft surprised audiophiles with the release of the Surface Headphones (pictured), a pair of premium over-the-ear cans that retail for $349. So it's hardly a surprise the company may be working on a smaller earbuds-version.
Microsoft won't be alone in trying to compete against the AirPods. Amazon is also reportedly developing a pair of wireless earbuds that'll feature integration with the company's voice assistant, Alexa—just like Apple's newest AirPods tap into Siri. According to Bloomberg, Amazon's take on wireless earphones will arrive in the second half of 2019.
Last month, Samsung released a pair of wireless headphones called the Galaxy Buds. They cost $129—or $70 less than the second-gen AirPods—and received an "Excellent" review score from PCMag.
Still, it probably won't be easy to outcompete Apple. According to one estimate, the AirPods had a 60 percent share of the wireless earbud market in last year's fourth quarter. Headphone maker Jabra came in a far-off second place.


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The 3.15 amp fuse protects the circuitry on your APQS machine in case of overload. One spare is included with new machines. Purchase extra fuses when you use the spare fuse.


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Offshore company
The term offshore company or offshore corporation is used in at least two distinct and different ways. An offshore company may be a reference to:
a corporation or (sometimes) other type of legal entity which is incorporated or registered in an offshore financial centre or "tax haven"; or
a company or corporate group (or sometimes a division thereof) which engages in offshoring manufacturing or business services.
The former use (companies formed in offshore jurisdictions) is probably the more common usage of the term. In isolated instances the term can also be used in reference to companies with offshore oil and gas operations.
Companies from offshore jurisdictions
In relation to companies and similar entities which are incorporated in offshore jurisdictions, the use of both the words "offshore" and "company" can be varied in application.
The extent to which a jurisdiction is regarded as offshore is often a question of perception and degree. Classic tax haven countries such as Bermuda, British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands are quintessentially offshore jurisdictions, and companies incorporated in those jurisdictions are invariably labelled as offshore companies. Thereafter there are certain small intermediate countries such as Hong Kong and Singapore (sometimes referred to as "mid-shore" jurisdictions) which, whilst having oversized financial centres, are not zero tax regimes. Finally, there are classes of industrialised economies which can be used as part of tax mitigation structures, including countries like Ireland, the Netherlands and even the United Kingdom, particularly in commentary relating to corporate inversion. Furthermore, in Federal systems, states which operate like a classic offshore centre can result in corporations formed there being labelled as offshore, even if they form part of the largest economy in the world (for example, Delaware in the United States).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Offshore_company
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photo: Creative Commons / Steve Bott
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I have to be 10000000% honest here – when the mother first presented me with the Cookies and Milk giveaway, i was quite apprehensive. My only reason being was that I didn't think it was related to picnics. And seeing as we're a picnic business, I thought it was important to promote that and offer something more picnic related, like sarmies or something, but that became a bit of a logistical nightmare. So I agreed, and let the mother run with it and I have to say, I give ALL credit to her. This giveaway was a huge success and she pulled it off like a real champ!
Congratulations to Emma-Leigh from EQ-FIN for winning this awesome prize!


The best way to explore this beautiful city is by foot, so pack an umbrella (just in case!), get out your most comfortable shoes and start walking! If you're pressed for time, there's a lot you can still get done in a day or over a weekend. I spent two days exploring the Scottish capital and here's what it involved.
Fo the best views of Edinburgh, you can't beat Arthur's Seat. You'll want to allocate at least one hour to climb up and down the peaks, more if you're like me and can't resist stopping every second to take photos. The trail is easy to navigate and although it's all uphill, if you go at a leisurely pace, it's not difficult to reach the top.
Filled with bright coloured houses, boutiques and pretty cafés, it's not hard to see why visitors follow the cities cobblestone pathways to this part of town. Some people say Candlemaker Row was inspiration for Harry Potter's Diagon Alley, but even if it wasn't, it's still a great place to admire the architecture and explore some of the old town.
Perched up on Castle Rock is world famous Edinburgh Castle. Best enjoyed mid-morning when the fog has cleared and fellow tourists are still enjoying their morning coffee. You can tour this wonder for as little as £17 for an adult and you'll want to allocate yourself a few hours in order to get the full experience. If the tour isn't up your alley, then simply head down to the street below and marvel in its beauty from afar.
From the castle wonder down the road or steps (I chose the steps, as they're the quickest way down) and be pleasantly greeted with an ancient market space, that not only showcases great views of Edinburgh, but this old part of the city is perfect for your latest Instagram shot.
As a writer, I quite enjoy visiting places where well known authors spent time writing, or gaining inspiration. So of course, I had to visit The Elephant House where none other than JK Rowling spent some her time writing the earlier Harry Potter novels. I would say today that it's a bit of a tourist trap, with a cup of coffee costing more than the average price and typical merchandise available to buy. But in saying this, it's still nice to check out, and a trip to the bathroom will have you snapping away at the graffiti covered cubicles.


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Survival GamesArtur Adamczyk2019-03-10T15:55:38+00:00
Survival Games catalog
It was released by Techland Publishing on the 26th of May 2015 and after its Techland developers have focused a lot on creating an engaging gameplay using excellent graphics and visual elements, Dying Light is now a first-person game of action and survival. Set in a vast and open world, the actions you'll take in this game to be roaming in a city devastated by a completely mysterious epidemic, crafting your weapons and searching for supplies, everything in order to fight and defeat tens of hordes of enemies hungry for flesh, and to help other people in need for a savior. Struggling to survive and to improve during the game, your character will have an interesting gameplay generated by the complex mechanics and some even more engaging settings and atmosphere generated by the story and objectives that you'll discover step by step in Dying Light.
Dying Light II
The more than excellently reviewed Dying Light is returning on in an even better form, with improved parkour schemes and extended game of hunting on zombies, in a new release by Techland entitled Dying Light II. Expected to be published sometimes during this year, in 2019, Dying Light II has been announced to represent a type of sequel for the first Dying Light. While there are not many known yet about how the game will be different and special in comparison to Dying Light, we have already found out that entire parts of the city will be changeable according to the player's preferences. Gathering new designers, storytellers and developers, Dying Light II is expected to offer a more extended storyline, a higher number and complexity of human factions and a lot more options to control in the city.
As we were expecting, Green Hell has been released on 29th of August 2018 by Creepy Jar, ho are also the developers of this game. A game of survival and simulation, Green Hell has first offered early access in order to improve as many aspects of the game before launching it and getting the final reviews – which were very positive. Moreover, Green Hell is about continuously struggling to survive inside a dangerous and extremely beautiful, visually enhanced Amazonian forest. Presenting a story of both defeating physical and mental weaknesses and a journey of survival and discoveries, Green Hell has already gained the most positive appreciations for the graphics, mechanics and story as well.
© Copyright 2019 - | Doradztwo Informatyczne Artur Adamczyk ActiveADS | All Rights Reserved


Boost Heroes is a company founded to invest in companies that are in the first stages of their life but already show some great potential. The members are business angels and successful entrepreneur that want to support new organisations with strong socio-economical impact.
First TV show developed in order to support the growth of the entrepreneurial world in Italy. Their aim is to help innovative companies that promotes a socially responsible corporate culture. Everything will be explained online or during the five TV episodes.
lastminute.com group is an inspirational online travel and lifestyle company, operating a portfolio of well-known brands such as lastminute.com, Bravofly, Rumbo, Volagratis and Jetcost. Its aim is to provide its audience with a comprehensive and inspiring offering of travel related products and services.
The Foundation sustains non-profit organizations, social projects and companies that, through innovation, have a positive social impact. In addition, it offers technological and marketing support for promotion and fundraising done by members of the public and associations with interesting projects.
Destination Italia aims at providing independent travelers, tour operators and travel agencies with unrivaled opportunities to discover Italy. It will be active with platforms dedicated to the B2C and B2B markets, with a clear mission to promote and add value to Italy as a "touristic product".
Endeavor is a non-profit organization that supports entrepreneurs and companies that are thinking of expanding their businesses. Since 1997 Endeavor has selected 1,512 entrepreneurs in 30 different countries, generating 650,000 jobs and a gross revenue of 10 billion US Dollars (2016).


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Bosna Sex Movies
Coupled tectonic and depositional model of asymmetric extensional basins. Abstract The coupled tectonic and depositional history of extensional basins is usually described in terms of stratigraphic sequences linked with the activity of normal faults. This depositional-kinematic interplay is less understood in basins bounded by major extensional detachments or normal fault systems associated with significant exhumation of footwalls. Of particular interest is the link between tectonics and sedimentation during the migration of normal faulting in time and space across the basin. One area where such coupled depositional-kinematic history can be optimally studied is the Late Oligocene – Miocene Sarajevo-Zenica Basin, located in the Dinarides Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This intra-montane basin recorded Oligocene — Pliocene sedimentation in an endemic and isolated lake environment. We use field kinematic and sedimentological mapping in outcrops correlated with existing local and regional studies to derive a high-resolution evolutionary model of the basin. The novel results demonstrate a close correlation between moments of normal faulting and high-order sedimentological cycles, while the overall extensional basin was filled by a largely uni-directional sediment supply from the neighbouring mountain chain. The migration in time and space of listric NE-dipping normal faults was associated with a gradual shift of the sedimentological environment. Transgressive-regressive cycles reflect sequential displacements on normal faults and their footwall exhumation, defining a new sedimentological model for such basins.
Zenica
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Lamela is an apartment building. The project is located in Zenica, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe. Find this Pin and more on Bosna i Hercegovina by Aida Pehlić. Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History Ancient history The urban part of today's Zenica was formed during several specific periods which can be chronologically dated to the time of Neolithic community, Illyrian old towns ruins, Roman Municipium Bistua Nova, and the most important archaeological finding; an early Christian double basilica dating from the 2nd to 4th century, one of two that have so far been identified in Europe. During the Middle Ages , the town was important in the governance of the Bosnian Kingdom , in particular under Ban Kulin in the 12th Century.
Nearby were the stone fortress of Vranduk, the residence of the Kings of Bosnia at Bobovac and the village of Janjici, where the Did, head of the Bosnian Church resided. Ottoman Empire During the rule of the Ottoman Empire — , changes to the main trade routes sidelined the town in Bosnian affairs, except during a brief period until , when Zenica was the residence of the Ottoman Qadi of Brod. Zenica became a small town with several mosques: Sultan Ahmet's, Osman Chelebi's, Seymen and Jali mosques, a Madrassa Islamic religious school , founded in and several lower primary schools, with interesting Ottoman tombstones, gardens, inns and several stopping inns for caravans.
In one description from the year , Zenica is compared to a delta of the Nile, where melons grow and where the entire landscape is very pleasant. It is estimated that Zenica had 2, inhabitants at that time; mostly Muslims, although Catholics and Orthodox Christians are mentioned in documents at the end of the 18th century and, during the 19th century, sizable communities of Jews are also mentioned. The raids of Eugene of Savoy during the Great Turkish War during the s are remembered as dark times which left a lot destruction and caused an exodus of population, but by , Zenica had started to stabilise and to begin to recover its influential position.
Austro-Hungarian Empire At the end of the 19th century, during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , there were investments in capital projects that had wider social and economic importance, and were soon to become life and fate of Zenica. Those projects include a railway from Bosanski Brod to Zenica built in , a Coal Mine , Paper Works , Steel Factory and a Prison , all of which improved both the quality and quantity of city's development.
University of Zenica
The basin contains a thick sedimentary succession of carbonates, coals and mixed siliciclastic deposits that reflects the paleoclimatic and tectonic evolution of the region. In this study, we present novel integrated magneto-bio stratigraphic and sedimentological data and reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Sarajevo-Zenica Basin during its two main evolutionary phases thrusting and extension.
The base level fluctuations are largely controlled by syn-sedimentary pulses of tectonic loading during the final phase of thrusting in the Internal Dinarides. The majority of this succession is considered early Miocene in age, which contrasts with previous Oligocene age estimates. This coarsening upward sequence of lacustrine carbonates, silts, sands and conglomerates is correlated between
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The bag's solid wheel construction makes it endure maneuvering over rough surfaces. Split by the Vistula River, the city doesn t have a specific city centre but rather two sides with differing personalities.
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Bosniak — The Bosniaks are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group inhabiting mainly the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Over two million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, with an additional million settled and living around the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide during the Bosnian War have had an effect on the distribution of the population. Partly due to this, a significant Bosniak diaspora exists in a number of countries, including Austria, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, Canada and the United States.
The modern spelling is contained in the Penny Cyclopaedia V.
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This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. January Ancient history[ edit ] The urban part of today's Zenica was formed during several specific periods which can be chronologically dated to the time of Neolithic community, Illyrian old towns ruins, Roman Municipium Bistua Nova, and the most important archaeological finding; an early Christian double basilica dating from the 2nd to 4th century, one of two that have so far been identified in Europe.
During the Middle Ages , the town was important in the governance of the Bosnian Kingdom , in particular under Ban Kulin in the 12th Century. Nearby were the stone fortress of Vranduk, the residence of the Kings of Bosnia at Bobovac and the village of Janjici, where the Did, head of the Bosnian Church resided. October Learn how and when to remove this template message Tekija Pehare, Zenica During the rule of the Ottoman Empire — , changes to the main trade routes sidelined the town in Bosnian affairs, except during a brief period until , when Zenica was the residence of the Ottoman Qadi of Brod.
Zenica became a small town with several mosques: Sultan Ahmet's, Osman Chelebi's, Seymen and Jali mosques, a Madrassa Islamic religious school , founded in and several lower primary schools, with interesting Ottoman tombstones, gardens, inns and several stopping inns for caravans. In one description from the year , Zenica is compared to a delta of the Nile, where melons grow and where the entire landscape is very pleasant.
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Travnik is found metres 1, feet above sea level. Climate[ edit ] Travnik has a continental climate , located between the Adriatic sea to the South and Pannonia to the North. Average summer temperature is Average winter temperature on the other hand is a cold 0. It snows in Travnik every year. History[ edit ] Although there is evidence of some settlement in the region dating back to the Bronze Age, the true history of Travnik begins during the first few centuries AD. Dating from this time there are numerous indications of Roman settlement in the region, including graves, forts, the remains of various other structures, early Christian basilicas, etc.
In the city itself, Roman coins and plaques have been found.
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text:
Upper Canada Land Surrenders 1763-1923
After years of conflict in North America between the British and the French, the Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10th 1763. France cede its claim to colonial territories in North America, and Britain's colonies began estabhishing peaceful relations with the indigenous peoples.
The Paris treaty saw France cede its claim to colonial territories in North America, including Acadia, New France, the interior lands of the Great Lakes and Ohio, and the Mississippi valley, to Britain.
Recognizing the limitations of their claims, British administrators like Superintendant of Indian Affairs Sir William Johnson believed that the successful development of Britain's colonies depended on stable and peaceful relations with Aboriginal peoples.
Royal Proclamation sets limits to western expansion of the colonies.
On October 7, 1763, Britain issued a Royal Proclamation to direct how the colonies should be administered. The wide ranging document dealt with the administration of the new provinces of Quebec and Florida, compensated soldiers for their participation in the Seven Years' War, and established a western limit to settlement for the colonies.
The Royal Proclamation also stipulated that the new Indian Department would be the primary point of contact between Aboriginal peoples and the colonies and stipulated that only the Crown could purchase Aboriginal lands. This was to stop the widespread encroachment of settlement on Aboriginal land and maintain strong and peaceful relations.
Seneca treaty with the British
The first land cession under the protocols of the Royal Proclamation was concluded between Sir William Johnson of the Indian Department and the Seneca, a member group of the powerful Six Nations Haudenosaunee Confederacy.
In 1764, the Seneca negotiated a treaty with the British that granted the British unimpeded access to two miles on either side of the Niagara River for the purposes of communication and travel between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
The land cession was only one part of the Niagara Conference, which renewed alliances, restored trade interrupted by the War, and strengthened Britain's presence in the Great Lakes Basin.
Three additional land surrenders were concluded between the Department of Indian Affairs and Aboriginal communities between 1764 and 1783. These surrenders covered very small parcels of land and dealt more with security and trade than settlement.
Outbreak of the American War
The outbreak of the American War for Independence and the subsequent recognition of the United States of America in 1783 had a severe impact on the relationship between the British Crown and its Aboriginal allies.
The loss of the American colonies brought some 30,000 United Empire Loyalist refugees to the remaining British colonies in North America. These refugees called upon colonial administrators to open up new lands for settlement.
Settlers were not the only refugees: Aboriginal peoples who had fought alongside the British were also dispossessed by the war. As a response, a series of land surrender treaties were negotiated between Indian Department agents with the various Anishinaabe peoples living along the shores of the St. Lawrence River and the lower Great Lakes.
15 Land surrender treaties were made in the Upper Canadian peninsula.
Between 1783 and 1812, fifteen land surrender treaties were concluded in the Upper Canadian peninsula. By preceding the arrival of settlers in the area, the land surrenders peacefully established an agricultural colony in the region and helped the Crown compensate its Aboriginal allies for losses incurred during the war with the Americans.
The terms of the treaties negotiated in Upper Canada were relatively simple. The documents described the groups involved in the surrender, the extent of the lands surrendered, and what Aboriginals were to receive in compensation.
Before 1818, Aboriginals were compensated with one-time payments in goods or money or both, paid to the signatories at the time of the treaty. These treaties did not always establish reserved lands for Aboriginals to live on.
In the period following the War of 1812, European immigrants came in increasingly large numbers to Upper Canada to join the earlier loyalist settlers.
With the establishment of a lasting peace between Britain and the United States, Aboriginal peoples began to lose the influence they once held over British officials, and as more immigrants arrived, the pace of land surrenders increased to provide settlers with land for farming.
The treaties conducted between 1815 and 1860 covered all the remaining lands of Upper Canada, from the productive agricultural lands south of Lake Huron to the resource-rich lands around Lake Superior and Georgian Bay.
British policies begin to focus on assimulation
As new British policies focused on ideas of transforming Aboriginal people to a new way of life, Indian agents shifted their roles from solidifying military alliances with Aboriginal nations towards encouraging Aboriginal peoples to abandon their traditional ways of life and to adopt a more agricultural and sedentary lifestyle.
In the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada, the Indian Department became the vehicle for the expression of the new plan of "civilization."
After 1818, British administrators opted for a yearly payment, or annuity, in an effort to reduce the initial expense of treaty-making. Annuities could be funded by revenue earned from the sale of the surrendered lands.
Annuity monies were used by the Indian Department to build agricultural communities on which they intended to settle Aboriginal peoples. The annuity money funded home construction and purchased agricultural implements and livestock.
By the 1830s, there were only a few pockets of unsurrendered First Nation lands in Upper Canada. In 1836, a treaty concluded by Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada Sir Francis Bond Head established Manitoulin Island in Georgian Bay as a reserve for the dispossessed First Nations population.
This landless population was to be encouraged to relocate to the island where they would be removed and protected from the more harmful aspects of colonial society, specifically alcohol and prostitution. Few First Nation groups, however, did relocate to Manitoulin Island.
As more lands were taken up by settlers, new interest in a surrender of the Saugeen (today know as the Bruce) Peninsula and Manitoulin Island developed during the 1850s and 1860s.
Throughout the 1850s, several attempts were made by the Indian Department to secure the sale of these lands, which finally culminated with the Saugeen Treaty of 1854, and in 1862, another treaty surrendering the majority of Manitoulin Island.
By the time Confederation of the new Dominion of Canada was established in 1867, nearly the entire land mass of the Province of Ontario at the time was ceded by a treaty.
Williams Treaties (1923)
Between 1764 and 1862, colonial officials, in an attempt to secure a continuous band of settlement along the St. Lawrence River and along the Lower Great Lakes, negotiated a number of land surrender treaties with the Aboriginal groups of the region.
When Confederation was declared in 1867, it was widely held that these lands in the Province of Ontario were all legally surrendered to the Crown through treaties. By the 1910s, however, concerns were being raised that some of the treaties were problematic and that not all the lands of Central Ontario were covered by a treaty.
In fact, throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Chippewa of the Lake Simcoe region and the Mississauga of the north shore of Lake Ontario had complained that some of the treaties concluded during the colonial period were highly problematic with faulty descriptions, incomplete documents and failed payments.
An extensive parcel of land covering the Muskoka and Upper Ottawa River region were never included in any of the Upper Canada Land Surrender treaties.
Their complaints were ignored until 1916 when the Federal Minister of Justice appointed R.V. Sinclair to investigate the matter. One of the primary issues that had come to light was the possible claims by the Lake Simcoe Chippewas over the southern lands ceded by the 1850 Robinson-Huron Treaty which they had not signed.
Sinclair concluded that there were a number of problems with the existing treaties and that some lands had never been fully surrendered to the Crown.
In 1921, the federal government approached the Ontario provincial government regarding the Aboriginal claims and after a year and a half, the two levels of government worked out a procedural agreement for addressing the issue.
The agreement called for the appointment of a three-man commission, consisting of Department of Indian Affairs' lawyer, A.S. Williams, as chairman, R.V. Sinclair, whose experience with the issue dated from 1916, and Uriah McFadden, a lawyer from Sault Ste. Marie. Their goal was to investigate the claims and, if they deemed it appropriate, to negotiate an arrangement with the Aboriginal peoples involved.
In 1923, the Williams Commission finds Indian land claims valid.
In its 1923 report, the Williams Commission revealed that the Indians' claims were not only valid, but were also far more extensive than those that had been suggested by the 1916 Sinclair investigation.
The two governments involved, having been suddenly confronted with a report that not only validated the claims to the central portion of the province but also verified ancient claims to lands on the north shore of Lake Ontario and to a sizeable tract below Lake Simcoe, moved very quickly to extinguish the Indian title to those regions.
The lands in question were already being used by the government for settlement and the exploitation of its natural resources. Though part of the territory had likely been acquired by the government more than a century previous, it was decided that new surrender agreements should be taken in light of the problematic documentation for the original agreements.
Asking Williams and his colleagues to finish the process they had started, the treaty commission negotiated two separate treaties, known as the Williams Treaties, one covering the lands between Georgian Bay and the Ottawa River; and another for the lands along the shore of Lake Ontario and the lands up to Lake Simcoe respectively signed on October 31st and November 21st, 1923.
The Williams Treaties saw the First Nation signatories surrender all their rights and title over the lands in question, including hunting and fishing rights.
The agreement signed on October 31st, 1923 addressed the existing claims of the Lake Simcoe groups that had unresolved title claims to the lands of the Muskokas and Upper Ottawa River, as well as any underlying claims to the lands surrendered by the 1850 Robinson-Huron Treaty.
The November 21st, 1923 treaty covered the lands implicated by some of the more problematic land cession agreements dating from the 1780s.
In addition to the initial payments and the continuing annuities, the Treaties preserved the signing bands existing reserves but did not provide for any new reserve lands.
The Williams Treaties also departed from some existing practices included in earlier treaties such as the Robinson Treaties (1850), and the Numbered Treaties.
Where those treaties established continuing rights to hunt and fish, new reserve lands and yearly annuities, the Williams Treaties were more like the Upper Canada Land Surrender treaties with single cash payments, few if any reserves, and the surrender of all rights.
This was not only a departure from what had become an established practice, it also created some potential problems. Nearly half of the October 31st treaty overlapped with territory taken in the Robinson-Huron Treaty.
This has led to a different sets of rights over the same territories as the Robinson-Huron Treaty clearly recognizes a continued right to hunt and fish throughout that area.
According to Ontario premier Howard Ferguson, speaking on the future of the Williams Treaties, "… every tribe that could possibly have a claim on the 'white man's' government had been taken care of."
Willliams Treaties secured the surender of last southern Ontario lands.
Ultimately, the Williams Treaties secured the surrender of the last substantial portion of land in southern Ontario that had not been given up to the government. The conclusion of the 1923 Williams Treaties marked the cession of nearly all the remaining Aboriginal lands to the Crown – only two small parcels of lands remain unceded – they also mark the end of the long standing treaty process initiated in 1763.
did the upper canada lands actually surrender or did the First nations take it without premission?
surtees treaties of southern Ontario
what were the upper canada land surrender treaties called
Canada First Nations -> First Nation Treaties -> Upper Canada Treaties -> Upper Canada Land Surrenders 1763-1923


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"You can never go back any squandered time. "
As well as her living and vocation absolutely include this very simple, still unique, saying.


As part of the LIFE RUPIS project, the VCF and its partners have been catching and tagging some adult Egyptian vultures - so far, 4 birds have been tagged, the first bird, called RUPIS, a 4th year captured and tagged last year, is not breeding and is roaming the area widely. The second bird, names Poiares, was found weakened and was released after rehabilitation, only 2 weeks ago. Then two birds caught two weeks ago.
Tagging of adults allows us to follow their detailed foraging behavior and identify key areas for feeding, but also potential threats within their core range area (powerlines, etc).
As part of the LIFE RUPIS project, a small training event was organized recently at the CERVAS wildlife rehabilitation centre (Gouveia). Taking advantage of the presence of Lubomir Peske, an expert working for the VCF and that has been helping capture and tag the birds, staff from SPEA, ATN and Palombar received some training on the techniques to put a GPS tag on a bird of prey, using some unreleasable, permanently wounded birds of prey in that center.
Tagging birds is a very useful research and conservation tool, but it can also be detrimental to the birds if the tags are not properly put – unfortunately there have been several cases where individuals did not survive due to inadequate or misplaced tags.
It is therefore extremely important that experts with a lot of experience are involved – and that all the tagging is done under permits from the statutory agencies that regulate this – in this case the ICNF in Portugal.
The VCF would like to thank CERVAS for making available its facilities and also their birds.


text:
Parascleroderma scobiciae is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie van de platkopwespen (Bethylidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1919 door Kieffer.

Platkopwespen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Avoid the enemies, touching them hurts you.
To get rid of them change the shape of the platform so they fall off.
The available shapes are shown at the top right.
Just take care not to pull the ground out from under yourself.
Your lifes are at the top of the screen, the current progress at the top left.
Music and Sound can be disabled using the buttons at the bottom right.
As soon as you shift, try thinking about the next shape you want to use.
Then put your finger on the key so you can shift as soon as you need to.
Hell is overflowing and god, despite multiple sharply worded faxes, refuses to change his ridiculous entry requirements.
No other choice but to ascend to heaven for a personal meetup.
Lets just hope the almighty doesn't get up to any shenanigans.
The game is really fun! I couldn't get past 2500km, but I had a lot of fun playing it.
2905km. I love your concept, the shifting platform and trying to use it to drop the enemies. It really is a lot of fun.
Really fun, graphics could be better but the gameplay is very efficient !
Nice entry - I wasn't very good at it, but enjoyed it nonetheless!
Simple and fun. I enjoyed it!
6588km. Fun game! It took a while for me to get a feel for the mechanic (especially without a numpad! Maybe having NM,HJKYUI as an alternative binding would have been good) but I got pretty into it after that. The fact that rocks damage you if you touch them felt unintuitive, maybe replacing them with a fire effect or something would have been better.
The first time God tried to slam me with his staff I laughed out loud. Overall I really enjoyed it! Great job!
This was fun, hard to change shapes while you run around, but it is very satisfying to drop a whole bunch of pieces.
Great fun, although I wasn't very good at it. I kept trying though, which is always a good sign.
I don't often wish I had a numpad, but maaaaan! REALLY cool idea for the world shifting. This is one of the most creative versions of the theme that I have seen! Great job!
Tried to play the web version. I could toggle sound / music, and the right control stick caused the selection box around the shapes to move, but no other input worked. Couldn't move anywhere.
Fun mechanic, took a minute to figure out what was going on / how to play. Kind of hard to look both at where you char is and at the top right to see the shapes. Audio could use some work. Satan/God theme is funny and cool but seems kind of shoehorned in. Not bad.
Interesting idea with the changing maze. My reaction is not enough to adequately compete with the enemy. So I most of random died.
Nice game and surprising concept :) i enjoyed this ! Good job !
Shifting platforms was a great concept for a game. Perhaps make it a puzzle game? Good job.
SATAN ROSE MANY TIMES. AT FIRST I FELT IT TO BE A BIT FAST BUT THEN I REALIZED THAT IT IS VERY HANDY TO ESCAPE THOSE GOON ANGELS!!!
Pretty cool concept, well done!
The gameplay is really fun!
This is a very nice looking game, and good gameplay!
This is great! Really creative use of theme, difficulty escalates nicely, and its polish and fun! I really dig this.


text:
PCUSA to hold General Assembly online only for first time in denomination's history
CP Church & Ministries | Friday, April 24, 2020
By Michael Gryboski, Christian Post Reporter | Friday, April 24, 2020
Leaders are seen here at Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)'s 219th General Assembly. | (Photo: Facebook/PCUSA)
Presbyterian Church USA, the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States, will be holding its General Assembly exclusively online for the first time in its history.
The Committee on the Office of the General Assembly voted unanimously on Tuesday to move the gathering online. Their vote came earlier than planned, as they were originally going to vote on the matter on Thursday.
Julia Henderson, interim director of assembly operations for the Office of the General Assembly, said in a statement that their vote was moved up to Tuesday due to "contractual issues."
"We knew we would reach a point in time in our contract with the Baltimore Convention Center and hotels where they would not be able to meet the agreed upon services listed in our contracts and that day [was Tuesday]," said Julia Henderson, according to the Office of the General Assembly.
"This is a force majeure. We need to let them know we are canceling because they cannot meet their obligations."
As a result of the decision to move the General Assembly to online, the original assembly schedule of June 20-27 was changed to three days: June 19 and then June 26-27.
The convention center in Maryland where they were planning to hold the in-person assembly has since been converted into a field hospital for those suffering from the new coronavirus, explained OGA.
Earlier this month, Rick Jones of the OGA reported that PCUSA leaders were considering moving the General Assembly to be exclusively online and for fewer days due to COVID-19 concerns.
Due to the shorter schedule and online platform, the plan was to reduce the agenda to include key items, such as elections for moderator and stated clerk, budget, and actions regarding special committees.
"I don't see how concerts and virtual exhibit halls are critical. I see that we want to create a virtual GA experience," said COGA member Eliana Maxim at the time, OGA reports.
"But things are not the way they were. We need to do something totally responsive in this unprecedented time."
PCUSA Stated Clerk, the Rev. Dr. J. Herbert Nelson II, said earlier this month that, even with an abbreviated schedule, the General Assembly still plans to address "social justice" issues.
"We are not divorcing ourselves from social justice. We are in a world and nation that is hurting in many ways and people cannot connect with loved ones who are dying," he said. "We have always been pro-justice. This is not a diminishing of that. I do think there is a need for us to be very poignant in our way of expressing who we are as Presbyterians."
In response to stay-at-home orders and concerns over the spread of COVID-19, many churches and religious gatherings have canceled or temporarily suspended in-person events.
For example, the United Methodist Church announced in March that they were postponing their General Conference, originally scheduled for May 5-15.
The UMC Executive Committee of the Commission on the General Conference made the decision due to a Minnesota state order prohibiting gatherings of more than 50 people.
UMC Commission Chair Kim Simpson said in a statement that they expected the decision and they are planning "to move forward with new plans as quickly as possible."
"Our focus in this moment is not solely on the gathering of the General Conference for the work we have been called to do, but is on the individuals, families, churches and communities around the world whose lives are being impacted by this pandemic," Simpson said in March.
"We recognize the struggle to deal with the physical, emotional and spiritual needs which come with the unknown. We are confident that local United Methodist churches will be finding new ways to be in community with their neighbors and meet their evolving needs."
UMC General Conference aimed at ending debate on LGBT issues postponed over coronavirus concerns
Anglican bishops' conference that banned same-sex spouses postponed over coronavirus concerns
Pope calls for global reciting of Lord's Prayer Wednesday; ecumenical bodies pledge to participate
Mike Huckabee warns against unending church closures: 'They better have a reason that's overwhelming'


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Join us in Baltimore for a massive celebration on November 17th!
Take a photo of yourself or a friend or whatever holding up a white sign that says "PARTY." Post the photo as your default picture and then post it here in the event page. We will message you privately to arrange your complimentary entry into the event!
Wear a white shirt that says "PARTY." written across the front. Free highlighters will be distributed at the door so you can draw on other people & they will glow under the blacklights.
It can be both a noun and a verb. Use it as you wish… PARTY. That is all.


Previously, I had covered the fact that Windows 10 has native support for the FLAC lossless digital-audio codec which is seen as the way to go for best-sounding file-based audio. But I thought this was limited to Windows 10 natively playing any FLAC file you throw at it. This is important if you connect your computer to an audiophile-grade USB DAC or use network media players that are up-to-snuff for your top-notch hi-fi system.
But I discovered for myself when I ripped the "Too Slow To Disco 2" CD to my computer's hard disk that Windows Media Player does rip to FLAC and have set it up that way. This will lead to sound that is properly CD quality from any of your CDs that you "dump" to your computer's hard disk to transfer to your DLNA-capable NAS or FLAC-capable open-frame smartphone or media player. For that matter UPnP AV / DLNA does support FLAC audio files in a de-facto manner and most, if not all, hi-fi network media players that work to UPnP AV / DLNA standards will stream FLAC files.
If you are about to rip a CD like I was, click on "Rip Settings" when you see your CD's track list in the window. Then click on "Format" and click "FLAC (Lossless)" to have it ripped in FLAC.
In this mode, if you were playing a CD and you wish to commence ripping it, the music will stop playing until the rip is complete. This is to achieve best results. As well, I would prefer to rip to the computer's local storage to provide for increased stability and better sound quality. These files then can be copied out to your NAS so you can have them playing on your network-capable CD receiver.
If you re-rip your CD collection to FLAC, each re-ripped album will be marked as "FLAC" on the album cover. But Windows Media Player doesn't make it easy to update playlists and have them point to the new FLAC files. Instead, you have to go through each playlist and identify tracks from the albums you just re-ripped, add the tracks from these re-rips, move them next to the original track and remove the original track from the playlist.
There are ways Windows Media Player could go about this better. One way would be to create copies of each playlist with references to all the member tracks. Then as you re-rip your CDs, it then discovers the FLAC files The copy could be tagged as a "FLAC" playlist while your existing playlist could be kept as a MP3 or WMA playlist which you could then use for portable equipment. On the other hand, Windows Media Player could work through each playlist and have them point to your FLAC re-rips.
Those of you who value open-frame computing can get on board with Windows Media Player in Windows 10 as a way to get your CDs on to the higher-quality FLAC format to see if it is right for you before committing to more expensive CD-ripping software.
There's always the free trial of dBpoweramp.


Luxembourg City is a beguiling mix of antiquated and current, local and international, simplicity and extravagance. This dazzling city offers a captivating mix of history, culture, art, and natural beauty. Whether you're staying in the city with your elite travel companion for just a quick weekend, or you're planning to stay a little bit longer, you know that you'll never get bored here!
The old memorable town of Luxembourg is an astounding spot to begin your exploration of the city with your elite companion. You can appreciate stupendous perspectives of the old city with its stone bridges over the waterway and the previous fortress of the old city of Luxembourg.
Casemates du Bock is easily reachable underneath the previous palace, Montée de Clausen. The Bock Casemates is a 17 kilometer-long passage, cut out of the stone by the Spanish sometime between 1737 and 1746. As a haven for 35,000 local people and soldiers the WWI and WWII, the casemates is known for its importance in Luxembourg. Comprising of passages, different levels, and great stairways, the noteworthy passage of Casemates is an UNESCO World Heritage Site. You and your elite companion can explore the tunnels by yourselves, or hire a private tour guide so that you don't get lost!
As the first home of the Grand Duke and the royal family, Palais Grand-Ducal in Luxembourg City is a fabulous bit of architecture, created in the sixteenth Century amid the Flemish Renaissance. The royal residence's inside plan gives off an impression of being a flawless blend of an assortment of styles; you can appreciate the seamless interaction of romantic and medieval-gothic styles and light designs by the German modern designer, Ingo Maurer.
The Luxembourg City History Museum is housed inside a gathering of four remodeled seventeenth Century houses. The historical center reflects upon not just the historical backdrop of Luxembourg as a city and a country, yet additionally architectural variety and advancement of the city and its populace since the tenth century. Aside from interactive displays that you and your elite companion can enjoy, the collection at the History Museum comprises of photos, postcards, pottery, topographical models, and other exhibits that show the daily life of the locals.
In the city of Vianden, the Château de Vianden is described as a standout amongst the most stunning strongholds in Luxembourg. Created between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, this manor is one of the largest feudal homes of the Gothic periods in Europe. The primary parts of the castle were the chapel and the small parts of the fortress created during the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th centuries. Reestablished in 1977, it is viewed as a landmark of European significance.
The cathedral Notre Dame was created in the 17th century, somewhere between 1613 and 1621, by the Jesuits. The elaborate baroque entryway of the chapel is the most important piece of this impressive building which is decorated with rich details of appealing recolored glass from the 19th and 20th centuries. You can find present day figures and a modest Madonna-and-Child kid statue over the altar. The graves of the illustrious family are situated in the tomb, protected by two lions which were designed by Auguste Trémont.
The Philharmonic of Luxembourg is the stage of the Orchestre Philharmonique du Luxembourg. The Philharmonic represents the multicultural character of Luxembourg, as this remarkable bit of contemporary engineering has incredible directors, soloists, and ensembles from everywhere throughout the world. The astounding nature of its acoustics and the nearby cooperation with noteworthy and surely understood melodic identities has made the Philharmonic Luxembourg known as outstanding amongst other show lobbies in Europe. If you are able, make sure to catch a show with your elite companion!
The notable bridge, Passerelle Viaduc, unquestionably offers to its guests pleasant and all-encompassing perspectives of the Luxembourg City. Built somewhere between 1859 and 1861 by the British organization Waring Brothers, the Passarelle Viaduc associated the downtown area with the new railroad station. Referred to likewise as the Old Bridge, Passerelle Viaduc is justified a visit!
Arranged in the basements of the previous nunnery, the Museum of the Abbey Echternach depictsthe historical backdrop of the Benedictine religious community in the town of Echternach, in eastern Luxembourg. Devoted to the Echternach scriptorium and the overview of the life and work of St. Wilibrord, the author of the Abbey and the patron saint of Luxembourg, the historical center contains remarkable art works. Separated into two areas, you and your elite companion have the chance to admire the beautifully-maintained manuscripts and the atmospheric rooms, as well as the interesting interactive displays.