The House Ways and Means Committee-approved bill to reauthorize the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program seeks to broaden those served by TANF employment programs and services by adopting a "universal engagement" approach. Under the bill, all TANF "work-eligible individuals" would receive an assessment and an individualized opportunity plan setting forth their required work activities and hours of participation. In theory, such an approach might encourage states to provide employment assistance to recipients they might not otherwise serve. Recommendations by conservative groups to impose financial penalties on states related to universal engagement requirements would make the bill worse.However, the bill would significantly restrict states' ability to develop truly individualized plans by requiring all plans to include a set number of hours per week of participation in work activities (generally 30, or 20 for a single parent with a child under age 6). In addition, recommendations by conservative groups to impose financial penalties on states related to universal engagement requirements would make the bill worse by giving states an incentive to deny assistance to the very recipients who most need help to become more employable.
A central feature of universal engagement should be that every recipient participates in activities that can move them forward toward employment or other goals necessary for their children's well-being, while taking into account their individual strengths and limitations. Requiring every parent to participate for 20 or 30 hours — even those who can't reasonably be expected to fulfill that requirement, such as those who are ill, are in crisis (such as parents fleeing domestic violence or trying to regain housing after an eviction), or are working but in unsteady jobs — simply sets them (and states) up to fail. Under federal TANF law and rules, states would then have to sanction them, which in almost every state means the state would take away the entire family's cash assistance, pushing children deeper into poverty and making parents ineligible for TANF employment assistance and supports.
Robert Doar and Angela Rachidi of the American Enterprise Institute have both recommended adding state accountability measures to the universal engagement provisions. While neither has provided details, Rachidi has called for "setting an engagement target for each state, and imposing financial penalties for missing it." This, however, would encourage states to restrict access to benefits and services for the most vulnerable families, either by denying access in the first place or by applying quick and harsh sanctions if the parent couldn't comply with the requirements — even if the requirements weren't appropriate given the family's circumstances. (That's how many states responded when the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 made the TANF work participation rate harder to meet.) Rather than helping the parents with the greatest barriers to employment connect to work, universal engagement with rigid participation requirements and state penalties attached would hurt them.
Even without penalties on states, the Ways and Means bill undercuts its universal engagement approach by failing to provide the additional resources needed to serve a much larger share of the caseload — including those with significant barriers — with individualized assessments, employability plans, ongoing case management, and work-related activities and supports.
A significant share of TANF adults have work-related limitations, often health-related ones. Over one-quarter have mental or physical issues that prevent them from working or limit the kind of work they can do. A Utah study found that over a quarter of TANF families there had had a physical health problem in the past year — most often in the past month — that precluded taking a job or attending school. It also found that over one-fifth had a mental health problem in the past year (most commonly depression or anxiety) that interfered with their ability to participate in work or school. While not all health conditions preclude some type of participation, they may require accommodations such as limited hours or sequencing of activities to first address participants' specific work barriers.
Still other parents may be in the midst of a crisis, including leaving a violent relationship or finding new housing after an eviction, and may need to stabilize their family's circumstances before turning to employment-related activities. A flexible approach can accommodate such situations, but a universal engagement structure with fixed hours does not.
Utah's TANF program has no work-related exemptions and requires all TANF recipients to participate to their maximum ability, but provides flexibility with hours and activities for those with documented barriers to employment. After a state employment counselor assesses each recipient, the state and recipient negotiate a plan setting forth an expected level of participation appropriate given the family's circumstances. The plan may include reduced hours of participation and alternate activities if barriers prevent the recipient from participating in the narrower list of federal TANF activities.
Minnesota serves TANF participants with documented barriers to employment through its Family Stabilization Services (FSS) program, where case managers have flexibility with assigning clients work activities and hours. FSS participants are required to have an individualized plan that includes achieving self-sufficiency in the long term and an employment goal where applicable, including activities and hours of participation appropriate given their (and their families') specific needs. Case managers focus on engaging clients in activities in which they can participate. Counties have flexibility to take varying approaches in engaging FSS clients, and practices vary across the state.
New Mexico recognizes limited work participation status for recipients who are unable to fully participate, including those with temporary or permanent impairments. They receive individualized plans intended to address their work limitations, improve their capacity to gain income, and increase the strength and resilience of their families. Plans can include a range of activities, including mental health or substance abuse treatment, as well as flexible hours of participation.
In addition to flexibility in employability plans, universal engagement requires an increased investment of resources to provide the sustained, individualized attention that's necessary to achieving employment and other goals. Moreover, most states don't operate universal engagement programs; serving a larger group of parents would significantly increase costs. In particular, engaging parents with disabilities and other employment limitations in work-related activities requires fewer cases per worker and thus would require significant additional staff and case management resources as well as intensive (and sometimes costly) services.
The Ways and Means TANF bill limits states' flexibility and doesn't give them the resources they would need to adopt universal engagement. In addition, adding a fiscal penalty on states related to universal engagement to the bill, as some have suggested, would make states less likely to modify the required activities and hours to appropriately serve those with significant work limitations.
While the bill offers states greater flexibility than under current law to count a range of work-preparation activities as work engagement, it retains TANF's rigid hourly participation requirements, typically 20 or 30 hours per week. As noted, states adopting universal engagement have recognized that this level of participation may not be feasible for some individuals given their family circumstances, disabilities, or other work limitations. For example, in an effective universal engagement program that takes individual circumstances into account, a parent with no significant employment limitations might be immediately required to participate in job search or an education or training program for 20 or 30 hours per week, while a parent with an anxiety disorder who is having panic attacks might only have to attend mental health counseling until her anxiety is under control, even though such counseling would not take 20 or 30 hours per week.
By limiting the maximum participation rate to 50 percent, Congress recognized that some individuals would not be able to satisfy the full requirements. However, we believe that States should work with and provide services to individuals, whether they can participate for enough hours to count toward the work participation rates or not.
In contrast, supporters of the Ways and Means bill tout its requirement of 100 percent participation. Hourly requirements that are already a stretch for a subset of TANF participants are wholly inappropriate for universal engagement. Instead, the bill should recognize reduced or flexible hourly participation requirements.
States would need additional resources to meet the increased demands set by the Ways and Means bill: individualized plans with regular case manager meetings as well as work activities and supports for a broader set of TANF recipients. But the bill adds no new funding, even as the value of the TANF block grant has lost over 35 percent of its value since 1996 due to inflation.
While the bill requires states to devote 25 percent of their state and federal TANF spending to certain "core" services, including work-related activities and supports, this wouldn't necessarily increase funding for work activities; the 25 percent threshold is so low that few states would have to spend any additional TANF funds to reach it. Moreover, the bill places other demands on state resources by increasing their data reporting obligations and establishing new performance measures related to employment and earnings outcomes. While states could in theory shift more of their TANF funding to employment and other activities, this would require cutting other TANF-funded programs. Two decades of experience with TANF makes clear that states are very unlikely to redirect funding toward increasing services for families receiving cash assistance; they are far likelier to find new ways to reduce the number of families served.
Any universal engagement approach, particularly one with rigid hourly requirements, runs the risk of taking away needed assistance from the most vulnerable families and their children. Federal TANF law and rules require states to sanction families that don't comply with their required work activities and don't show good cause; states that fail to do so are subject to fiscal penalties. When most states sanction families, they immediately or eventually take away benefits from both the parents and the children. This means that those parents with the greatest barriers to employment — and their children — could be penalized for being unable to meet the required activities or hours. Moreover, if states face fiscal penalties for failing to meet universal engagement requirements, they might make their sanction policies even harsher. For example, states that currently reduce a family's benefits for a period before cutting them off entirely could cut off benefits more quickly.
Evidence shows that TANF families sanctioned due to noncompliance with work requirements are likelier than other TANF recipients to face personal or family challenges that kept them from working, including having a child with a chronic illness or disability. Some studies also find that sanctioned TANF enrollees are likelier to experience health challenges such as substance use disorders and barriers such as domestic violence. The availability of good-cause exemptions hasn't prevented sanctions of those with greatest barriers; evaluations find that state agencies do a poor job of communicating the details of sanction policies, including bases for exemptions, and that recipients often don't understand the exemptions. HHS's Office of Inspector General concluded that TANF caseworkers often have few resources to identify barriers such as substance abuse or mental illness, so recipients instead are subjected to sanctions and loss of benefits.
Some of the best evidence of how universal engagement could harm parents with significant employment barriers comes from a randomized control study of the Personal Roads to Individual Development and Employment (PRIDE) program in New York City in the early years of welfare reform. PRIDE was designed for TANF recipients whose medical or mental health conditions were deemed too severe for them to participate in regular welfare-to-work activities but not severe enough to qualify them for federal disability benefits. In addition, many participants had very low literacy levels or didn't speak English.
Most PRIDE participants were required to work for 20 to 25 hours per week in special work experience positions in exchange for their welfare benefits. The majority of recipients assigned to PRIDE were unable to meet the work requirements: 75 percent were deemed out of compliance at some point in the two-year study period and about a third saw their benefits cut. Although employment rates were modestly higher among PRIDE participants than among the control group (which was exempt from participation), only about a third of those subject to the work requirements ever worked in an unsubsidized job over the two-year period. Because of PRIDE's high sanction rates and limited success in connecting participants to employment, reductions in public assistance payments due to sanctions completely offset any earnings increases for the group as a whole. "[I]t is unlikely that PRIDE made participants better off financially," the study authors conclude.
Researchers in Utah, describing the tension between Utah's effort to adopt a full engagement approach and the risk of state penalties from the TANF work participation rate, noted that "the incentive structure offered by the federal government discourages [case]workers within states from serving families with multiple challenges who struggle the most to obtain employment." This may help create "barriers to participation among those who could most benefit from the services." In extending rigid hourly work participation requirements to a much larger share of the caseload than states must engage under TANF's work participation rate, the Ways and Means bill could make the tension that the Utah researchers describe even worse. States would likely respond by serving even fewer needy, eligible families, quickly cutting off or excluding at the front end those who can't immediately meet the hourly requirements.
TANF already serves very few families in need. Nationally, only 23 families received cash assistance for every 100 families in poverty and in a dozen states TANF has all but disappeared, with 10 or fewer families receiving cash assistance for every 100 families in poverty. TANF cash assistance could largely disappear in even more states.
When families are cut off (or never let into) TANF programs, they lose not only cash assistance but also access to employment-related services. Thus, rather than getting potential workers "off the sidelines," as a number of Republican policymakers claim can be achieved by tightening work requirements in safety net programs,  the bill's changes would keep these parents — and their families — on the sidelines by failing to address their limitations and effectively excluding them from developing the skills needed to participate in the workforce.
 The committee approved the bill, the Jobs and Opportunity with Benefits and Services (JOBS) for Success Act (H.R. 5861), on May 24.
 Current TANF rules define "work-eligible individuals" very broadly to include essentially all adults except those disabled enough to qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Income and those who need to remain at home to care for a disabled family member. (Most states exempt additional groups of recipients from work participation.) While the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) could revise the definition as part of adopting a universal engagement approach, even a revised definition would likely include many parents with barriers to work and limited work ability. Under the Ways and Means bill, states wouldn't need to develop a plan or require participation of those who aren't "work-eligible individuals" as defined by HHS.
 See Angela Rachidi, "Can TANF Reauthorization Hold States Accountable?" Spotlight on Poverty & Opportunity, June 27, 2018, https://spotlightonpoverty.org/spotlight-exclusives/can-tanf-reauthorization-hold-states-accountable/; Robert Doar, "Reauthorizing TANF: Making a good program better," Statement before the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Human Resources On Jobs and Opportunity: Legislative Efforts to Address the Jobs Gap, May 9, 2018, https://waysandmeans.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/20180509HR-Testimony-Doar.pdf.
 See additional discussion at LaDonna Pavetti and Liz Schott, "House Bill to Reauthorize TANF Makes Improvements But Doesn't Go Far Enough," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 23, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/house-bill-to-reauthorize-tanf-makes-improvements-but-doesnt-go-far.
 See, for example, Mary Beth Vogel-Ferguson, "Family Employment Program (FEP) Redesign Study of Utah 2014: Final Report," University of Utah School of Social Work, September 2015, https://socialwork.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/02/Wave-3-report_final.pdf.
 David Mancuso et al., "Adults on TANF in Washington State: Risks and Outcomes for Leavers, Cyclers and Stayers," Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Research and Data Analysis Number 11.158, August 2010, https://www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/files/SESA/rda/documents/research-11-158.pdf.
 Pamela L. Loprest and Elaine Maag, "Disabilities Among TANF Recipients: Evidence from the NHIS," Urban Institute, May 13, 2009, http://www.urban.org/research/publication/disabilities-among-tanf-recipients-evidence-nhis.
 Michelle K. Derr and Elizabeth Brown, "Improving Program Engagement of TANF Families: Understanding Participation and Those with Reported Zero Hours of Participation in Work Activities," Mathematica Policy Research, January 19, 2015, https://www.mathematica-mpr.com/our-publications-and-findings/publications/improving-program-engagement-of-tanf-families-understanding-participation-and-those-with-reported.
 Utah's state plan is described at https://jobs.utah.gov/edo/stateplans/tanfstateplan.pdf.
 Derr and Brown, op. cit.
 New Mexico TANF State Plan, January 2015-December 2017, http://www.hsd.state.nm.us/uploads/FileLinks/6331671b99b34cafba9bd8cb327bc208/Final_TANF_State_Plan_Jan_1_2015_to_Dec_31_2017_1.pdf.
 The caseload reduction credit reduces the target rate that a state must meet below 50 percent — and below 90 percent for two-parent families — based on the extent of caseload decline since 2005.
 See, for example, "The GOP's Welfare to Work Pitch," Wall Street Journal, June 5, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-gops-welfare-to-work-pitch-1528240987; Newt Gingrich, "Why We Need Welfare Reform Now," Fox News, June 28, 2018; Rachidi, op. cit.
 Department of Health and Human Service, Office of Inspector General, "Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Educating Clients About Sanctions," October 1999, https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-09-98-00291.pdf.
 Department of Health and Human Service, Office of Inspector General, "Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Client Sanctions," July 1999, https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-09-98-00290.pdf.
 PRIDE operated from 1999 through 2004, when it was replaced by the WeCare program, which is similar and still operating.
 Dan Bloom et al., "Results from the Personal Roads to Individual development and Employment (PRIDE) Program in New York City," MDRC, July 2007, https://www.mdrc.org/publication/results-personal-roads-individual-development-and-employment-pride-program-new-york-city.
 See, for example, Vogel-Ferguson, op. cit.
 See, for example, "W&M Introduces Welfare Reform Legislation: JOBS for Success Act," press releases, House Ways and Means Committee, May 17, 2018, https://waysandmeans.house.gov/wm-introduces-welfare-reform-legislation-jobs-for-success-act/.


text:
Montargis is a railway station in Montargis, Centre-Val de Loire, France. The station is located on the Moret-Lyon railway. The station is served by Intercités (long distance) services operated by SNCF between Paris and Nevers, and by Transilien line R (from Paris-Gare de Lyon).

References

External links

Railway stations in Loiret
Railway stations in France opened in 1860

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Buy a Good Intentions calligraphy wall scroll here!
Not the results for good intentions that you were looking for?
wishing for profit, but causing loss (idiom); good intentions that lead to disaster; It all ends in tears.
Some people may refer to this entry as Good Intentions Kanji, Good Intentions Characters, Good Intentions in Mandarin Chinese, Good Intentions Characters, Good Intentions in Chinese Writing, Good Intentions in Japanese Writing, Good Intentions in Asian Writing, Good Intentions Ideograms, Chinese Good Intentions symbols, Good Intentions Hieroglyphics, Good Intentions Glyphs, Good Intentions in Chinese Letters, Good Intentions Hanzi, Good Intentions in Japanese Kanji, Good Intentions Pictograms, Good Intentions in the Chinese Written-Language, or Good Intentions in the Japanese Written-Language.
12 people have searched for Good Intentions in Chinese or Japanese in the past year.


text:
package com.aestel.chemistry.openEye;

public interface SimComparator<T>
{  double similarity(T other);

   /**
    * Compare this T with the other and return the similarity.
    *
    * This method needs only to support comparisons with the specific implementation.
    * eg. {@link com.aestel.chemistry.openEye.fp.FPComparator} only needs to implement similarity(FPComparator other).
    *
    * A {@link ClassCastException} may be thrown if a subtype is passed.
    *
    */
   double similarity(SimComparator<T> other);

   /**
    * Compare this T with the other and return the similarity.
    *
    * This method is allowed to return 0 if the similarity is below minSim
    *
    */
   double similarity(SimComparator<T> other, double minSim);

   /**
    * This should delete any OE objects cloned in the constructor.
    */
   void close();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At Pink Jeep Tours, we believe that the outdoors are there to be enjoyed. It's why we do what we do—because we value adventure, nature, and awesome memories. Our guides aren't just highly trained, informative, entertaining, and good-looking (yeah, they told us to say that); They're also people who love the outdoors, and love sharing the world's beauty with their tour groups every single day.
Our passion for the outdoors means that we want to do everything possible to preserve and protect our environment for generations to come. That's why Pink Jeep Tours takes deliberate steps to show our continued commitment to conservation and environmentalism. Here are just a few things we've done to preserve the beautiful world we love.
Fundraising. We put our money where our mouth is. In 2016, Pink Jeep Tours and our guests raised over $14,000 for the National Forest Foundation. These funds are used to support ongoing projects in Coconino National Forest, and in other parts of Northern Arizona. In 2017, these efforts will be put towards repairing and maintaining Sedona's famous Schnebly Hill Road. This popular destination, while offering its visitors stunning views and a rugged, off-roading experience, has become much less accessible in recent years due to increased erosion.
Trail conservation team. Pink Jeep Tours has also created a designated trail conservation team. Last year, this dedicated group volunteered to help the National Forest Service rebuild the trail at the Honokai Heritage site. The resulting project took them nearly 5,000 labor hours, working to rehabilitate the trails, thereby allowing future visitors to enjoy them for years to come.
Volunteer efforts. We've also organized volunteer excursions throughout the year to assist the National Park Service in picking up trash and debris along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. This effort helps to maintain the majestic, pristine view that has made this landmark world-famous.
Recycling. We have a long-standing commitment to recycling, making it a regular practice in our maintenance facility.
Reducing our carbon footprint. We do our best to make sure the longest lasting thing from our tours is your memories—not air pollution. Significant upgrades to our tour vehicles leverage the latest technology, making the vehicles safe and comfortable, but also more efficient, than ever. Additionally, our vehicles undergo regular, mandatory service, as well as a daily 21-point inspection to make sure that everything is functioning properly and that there are no leaks or other issues. In short, our vehicles are not just pink—they're green, too!
We want to enjoy the outdoors, but we also want to make sure we do so in a responsible way. Join us in our efforts to explore, discover and experience the great outdoors while showing respect to this crazy, beautiful world we call home.


When searching for dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME, it pays to really take some time and do your research. Choose Casella to provide your dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME, and you'll receive affordable, professional service that's sure to help assist your project's timely completion. Call Casella today about dumpster rental in Lincolnville, ME near you.
We remove the questions out of pricing, by ensuring that your price-quote on dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME combines all the necessary elements, ensuring that your quote includes delivery, pick-up and content measurement, combined. It's a simplified way to get accurate dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME.
Dumpster Rentals in Lincolnville, ME are priced to work with your personal needs, because we know that a small home or office cleaning project don't have the same needs as a construction site. If you're searching through a list of dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME and want maximum value, an affordable price and a simple solution, you can stop your search when you reach Casella.
You will feel satisfied once you receive the dumpster rentals in Lincolnville, ME from Casella. Our primary concern is your customer satisfaction. Over the last 40 years, we have provided outstanding service; not only for our customers, but for the environment and the communities in which we work and live. We take pride in being responsible community members, in protecting environmental resources, in developing our people, and in improving where we live and work.


First, take a look at the blog post that describes how and why Mountain of Glory church in Marikebuni was selected to receive a gift from Surprised by Hope and all of you. In short, the church pastor applied what he learned from the Entrepreneurship Series of workshops and built a permanent structure for his church.
Tomatoes ready for the market.
Second, take a look at the progress Pr Ephantus made as a result of the wisdom of the Lord and the hard work of him and several church members.
Third, take a look at the 50 Christmas Dollies and the children from Mountain of Glory church who received them on a Christmas day celebrarion.
Fourth, take a look at the windows the funds raised from your 50 Christmas Dollies purchased for that church.


The immigration process in the United States is known for being a long, complicated, and drawn-out process. So, after all of the steps you have taken and the time you have had to wait, getting a denial can be the most crushing feeling. Fortunately, all hope is not lost. Even if your application is denied, you still have options.
Before your application is denied, there may be some signals that can warn you that your application needs some help. If, at any point during the application process, you get a notice requesting more information, take that as a warning. Requests to provide more information are most often given after Green Card interviews, but they may come at other times.
Sponsorship – If your U.S. petitioner doesn't make enough money, you will be notified and given the chance to find an additional sponsor.
Marriage – If U.S.C.I.S. has questions about your marriage, you will need to provide additional proof that you live together, share finances, and so on.
Medical Conditions – If you have a medical condition or cannot prove vaccinations, you may be required to undergo further medical examinations.
It's much easier to provide additional information and work around the doubts that have arisen than it is to deal with a denied application. If any of these circumstances happen to you, or if U.S.C.I.S. requests more information for any other reason, find an experienced immigration attorney before you do anything else. An immigration attorney can help you provide the right documentation and make sure everything gets submitted appropriately.
Fortunately, getting a denial is not the end of the road. There are still a few options available to you. However, those options will depend on why your application was denied. For example, if you feel a mistake was made, you can request a review of your application. You'll need to submit that request within 30 days plus pay an application review fee. In some circumstances, you can also request to have your application reopened. However, that option will likely only be available if you and your immigration lawyer have found new information to present that would impact the decision.
In some instances, a denial is made "without prejudice." In these cases, you may be eligible to reapply. However, keep in mind that if your application was denied because of a reason that makes you ineligible for permanent residency — say, a criminal record or evidence of a fraudulent marriage — reapplying may not help.
No matter where you are in the application process, it's a good idea to have professional assistance to guide you. Connect with the Law Offices of Diron Rutty, LLC. to meet with a Bronx immigration lawyer and see how we can help you through the immigration process.


text:
upeg
===
Unity package environment manager for git.

![Unity](https://unity3d.com/profiles/unity3d/themes/unity/images/company/brand/logos/primary/unity-master-black.svg "Unity logo")

## Description
upeg is the git base library management command for Unity. Use "git submodule" to manage dependencies of your Unity project with external git repository.

This command is under development. We have not implemented enough functions yet.

## Implemented
* upeg -g        A management file is generated.
* upeg -v        Check the version of upeg.
* upeg update    Update dependent libraries.

## Requirement for Develop
    go get gopkg.in/yaml.v2
    go get -u github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata/...

## License
The upeg is licensed under the MIT. Please see the LICENSE file for details.

## Open source License
* [go-yaml/yaml](https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml/blob/v2/LICENSE)
* [go-bindata](https://github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata/blob/master/LICENSE)


Arbitrability of Fraud in India – Is Ayyasamy only about "Seriousness"?
The question of arbitrability of fraud in case of domestic seated arbitration in India was addressed by the Supreme Court in A. Ayyasamy v. A. Paramasivam ("Ayyasamy"). Ayyasamy has been subjected to much discussion and criticism here, here, here and here. There has been an outcry around the requirement of "seriousness of allegations of fraud" laid down by the Court and its application as the all-important test to determine whether a dispute is arbitrable or not. However, commentators have missed an essential qualifier that the Court imposed in addition to the requirement of "seriousness". In this post, we argue that, as per Ayyasamy, only those disputes which involve very serious allegations of fraud and have an implication in the public domain are non-arbitrable. Such an interpretation is also consistent with the law on subject matter arbitrability in India.
The legal position with respect to the arbitrability of a particular subject matter was laid down by the two judge bench of the Supreme Court in Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc v. SBI Home Finance ("Booz-Allen"). It was held: "Generally and traditionally all disputes relating to rights in personam are considered to be amenable to arbitration; and all disputes relating to rights in rem are required to be adjudicated by courts and public tribunals, being unsuited for private arbitration." The Court reasoned that certain categories of disputes are reserved exclusively for public fora as a matter of public policy. While there might be shortcomings of the test laid down in Booz-Allen, it cannot be denied that since then the test has been widely accepted in India and the bench in Ayyasamy (being a two judge bench) was bound by the decision in Booz-Allen.
Prior to Ayyasamy, the test of "seriousness" to determine arbitrability of fraud was accepted by the Supreme Court in N. Radhakrishnan v. Maestro Engineers ("N. Radhakrishnan"). In doing so, the Court had relied on a few High Court decisions and a three judge bench decision of the Supreme Court (Abdul Kadir Shamsuddin Bubere v. Madhav Prabhakar Oak), which was rendered in context of the erstwhile Arbitration Act, 1940. While the Court's reliance on Abdul Kadir was misplaced (246th Report of the Law Commission of India, ¶50), N. Radhakrishnan was accepted as the authority on the subject and was followed in subsequent cases.
A close reading of the above passage suggests that the Court has indeed laid down the requirement of "very serious allegations of fraud" while determining arbitrability. However, the same has been qualified by the requirement that the alleged fraud must have an implication in the public domain i.e., the dispute must be dealing with actions in rem. Those matters which deal with internal affairs of the party i.e., actions in personam, can be submitted to arbitration without any difficulty. Similar tenor is found in Justice Chandrachud's judgement as well. In fact, he seems to indicate that the underlying rational of the Court in N. Radhakrishnan was grounded in public policy as well (¶14). Therefore, it can be said that the Court has incorporated the test of Booz-Allen where it was held that disputes dealing with actions in rem are generally non-arbitrable.
In fact, this requirement of "implication in the public domain" was acknowledged by the Delhi High Court in Rishabh Enterprises v. Ameet Lalchand Shah. However, in that case, while Justice Endlaw considered it to be one of the requirements, he fell short of characterising it as an essential requirement. In our opinion, the relevant portion of Ayyasamy as highlighted above makes it very clear that absence of implication in public domain would mean that the dispute is arbitrable, thereby making it an essential requirement for declaring fraud to be non-arbitrable.
It is important to clarify another myth prevailing with respect to the judgement. It has been argued that Ayyasamy's reasoning behind making serious allegations of fraud non-arbitrable was the fact that these disputes involve complicated issues of fact which require reviewing of voluminous evidence. We believe that this is not the case. First, as we have argued above, the rationale of the Court is grounded in public policy concerns and, even if a dispute involves complicated issues, courts will still see if it has implications in public domain. Second, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ensures that complexity due to the need for appreciation of voluminous evidence can never be a concern for an arbitral tribunal. Section 27 of the Act allows the arbitral tribunal to apply to the Court for assistance in taking evidence. This section has been used abundantly by the Supreme Court as well as High Courts. For instance, see Alka Chandewar v. Shamshul Ishrar Khan; .
Therefore, in light of section 27, there seems to be no need to declare fraud inarbitrable only because of complexity. This further strengthens our argument that the dispute will be non-arbitrable only when allegations of fraud are very serious and have an implication in public domain.
We acknowledge that the Supreme Court laid substantial emphasis on the seriousness of allegations for a dispute to be declared non-arbitrable. However, it is equally important to note the underlying importance that the Court accorded to the necessary requirement of implications in public domain. While Ayyasamy did not elaborate upon the scope and meaning of the phrase "implication in the public domain", recognising it as an essential requirement while determining arbitrability can be a helpful tool in reducing the wide scope accorded by another ambiguous requirement, "very serious allegations of fraud".
Unfortunately, this requirement has been overlooked in academic discourse and otherwise. The neglect of this important qualifier poses a major threat. This is because any and all cases with serious allegations of fraud, even those which merely deal with internal affairs of the party and have no in rem impact, may be relegated to litigation. This would be inconsistent with the basic principles of non-arbitrability laid down and approved by the apex court in previous cases. Only when the requirement of implication in public domain is read as an integral part of the test will we be able to avoid a situation where parties are devoid of the option of arbitration merely because one party was able to show serious allegations of fraud.
If serious allegations of fraud have been made, but these allegations do not have any implications on the public domain (or involve any rights in rem), the dispute would be arbitrable, from my understanding of your analysis. However, switch things around– if the allegations of fraud have implications on the public domain (or involve any rights in rem), but are simple and straightforward rather than serious, would the dispute still be arbitrable? Based on my understanding of Booz-Allen, it would not, simply because matters having implications on the public domain are not arbitrable, irrespective of the nature of allegations of fraud. Would this not convert your twofold test of (i) public policy considerations, and (ii) serious allegations of fraud, into the unitary test of public policy considerations already established under Booz-Allen? Would this not render irrelevant the nature of allegations of fraud? I only seek to extend your argument to what I see as its conclusion– serious allegations or not, public policy implications will definitely render a dispute inarbitrable, and the lack of public policy implications will render a dispute arbitrable.
In fact, I belive that this understanding of Ayyasamy (the understanding that the nature of the allegations made is not only of limited importance, but of no importance) would better solve the major threat of incorrect refernce to litigation that you point out.
There is, however, one hitch with the understanding of Ayyasamy that I propose– it completely overlooks and disregards the fact that the court in Ayyasamy clearly distrusted the ability of arbitrators to evaluate serious allegations of fraud involving voluminous evidence.
I guess there are no easy answers?


text:
using namespace nolang;

ImportParser::ImportParser(mpc_ast_t *t) :
    BaseParser(t)
{
}

void ImportParser::reset()
{
    res = nullptr;
    gotAs = false;
}

bool ImportParser::isImport() const
{
    return res != nullptr;
}

bool ImportParser::isImportString() const
{
    return expect(item, "string","import");
}

void ImportParser::createImport()
{
    res = new Import(item->contents);
}

void ImportParser::addAs()
{
    if (!gotAs) throw std::string("Invalid import: did not get 'as'.");
    res->addAs(item->contents);
}

void ImportParser::addSub()
{
    res->addSub(item->contents);
}

void ImportParser::parseAs()
{
    if (isImport()) addAs();
    else createImport();
}

void ImportParser::parseSubIdentifier()
{
    if (isImport()) addSub();
    else createImport();
}

void ImportParser::parseSub()
{
    mpc_ast_t *tmp = item;
    iterateTree(tmp, [&] (mpc_ast_t *sub) {
        item = sub;
        if (isIdentifier()) parseSubIdentifier();
        else if (isDot()); //FIXME
        else printError("Unknown node in import as", item);
    });
}

void ImportParser::parseItem()
{
    if (isImportString());
    else if (isAs()) gotAs = true;
    else if (isIdentifier()) parseAs();
    else if (isSub()) parseSub();
    else if (isWhitespace() || isNewLine());
    else printError("Unknown node in import", item);
}


This is Ely Reed in the morning... she is such a morning person like her Mommy! Daddy gets up her, sings to her, changes her, feeds her her first bottle of the day, watches Boy Meets World with her then sits her in her swing where she smiles and talks (and sometimes naps) before Daddy returns to put her in her school clothes! She is one happy girl! We are truly blessed!
Congratulations Ely Reed! Our little girl was baptized this morning along with her friends Ella and Emma! She was a little angel... mostly bc she was exhausted and really wanted to just sleep!
Today ER is officially four months old! Wayne and I took her to her four month appointment on Friday morning! She weighed 16lbs 12oz and measured 24.5 inches in length! She is in the 97th percentile in weight - she loves to eat like her mommy!
The wedding was beautiful! Amanda was so excited, and John was so sweet! They are so in love!
My husband is such a cutie in a tux!!!
All of the guys watched the games in the bar! Go MSU!!!
Wayne, Ely Reed, Dean (MIL) and I traveled to the cabin this weekend for the guys to do some last minute preparation for the upcoming hunting season. The girls did lots of sleeping!!! ER even wore her cabin p.j.'s with bambi and bunnies!!! Too cute!
Of course, we also watched the BULLDOGS play LSU! Wayne & his COW BELLE made lots of noise! ER loves watching sports with her daddy!
My husband is so happy... he brought home a new truck today! We have been talking about the purchase for months, but we decided it was time when we had to take two vehicles to the cabin. He is thrilled!
Wayne and I traveled to Starkvegas last night to cheer on the Bulldogs against Auburn. Wayne was a cutie in his official MSU shirt... My maroon dress was comfy (Thanks Jess)... Tailgating was fun... The box was fabulous (Thanks Lukes)... The game was a bit sad... I hope we can attend a WIN!!!
Yay! The stand is up, and we are officially ready for deer season! Wayne designed the deerstand over a year ago! Then several of his buddies got together and constructed the floor. Last week the guys built the box in our garage in one night. Wayne painted the next night. And this week the structure was put together!!! It looks great, and I cannot wait to shoot a big deer out of the window. Good Job Wayno!
We introduced Ely Reed to her bumbo tonight, and she loves it!!! She sat in it for about 30 minutes! Her adorable rolls made it a little difficult to get her out of the seat though! Ha!
After nearly five years of dating, we were married on March 3, 2007. Yay! We have two beautiful black girls - Neeli and Nova. Our affectionate labrador retriever, Neeli, was born May 9, 2005. She is a daddy's girl and does not realize she is too big to be a lap dog. Our fun-loving cocker spaniel, Nova, was born December 20, 2007. She is a social butterfly and will greet you with an excited pee. We welcomed our first child, a girl, Ely Reed, on May 26, 2010. She looks just like her daddy! Check our blog for the latest updates!


text:
Hilary Duff Accused Of Child Abuse By Commenters
📷 Instagram/Hilary Duff/unCrazed Composite
Hilary Duff has been told by commenters that she is a child abuser after piercing her daughters' ears.
Sharing an image on Instagram, the Younger star said, "Yes we pierced her ears." — referring to her 8-month-old daughter, Banks Violet Bair.
Mama and 🍓 📷 @matthewkoma
A post shared by Hilary Duff (@hilaryduff) on Jun 30, 2019 at 5:07pm PDT
Many questioned her parenting skills, saying it's child abuse. One follower said, "I can't believe someone who seemed so screwed on pierced her babies ears, causing unnecessary pain that isn't for medical reasons done by a fully qualified medical professional is child abuse in my eyes.
The risks are unreal and that throbbing pain in her ears no matter how happy and looked after your child is just isn't justified in my eyes."
Another said they "can't fathom why you would think it's okay to have your daughters ears pierced."
Others were in her corner, supporting the decision one fan said, "Baby is fine and ear piercing is so far from abuse! But hey, let's promote mom-shaming and online bullying from all the keyboard warriors."
Hilary and her fiancé, Matthew Koma, welcomed their first child together after giving birth in October 2018. Banks joined the family of four — that includes her 6-year-old brother Luca Cruz whom Hilary shares with the ex-NHL player, Mike Comrie.
You can find more celebrity news on our website.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hannah L. Pettis Biography
Biographies>
Hannah Pettis, circa 1921.
DEA (admin)
Hannah L. Pettis was born to Reubin Pettis and Phoebe M. Mansfield in St Lawrence, New York, USA on Wednesday, July 25, 1855.
On April 10, 1930 it was reported that Hannah L. Pettis was born in New York.
Source: Entry for her son, Daniel S. Arnold. 1930 Census [1930-US-Census-Michigan-Benzie-Platte, District 10-17, Sheet 2B]
Who is Hannah to you? The following is not a complete list of relatives/descendants, but if you recognize any of these names, it may help you answer that question.
Mother of Daniel Simon Arnold.
Grandmother of Laban Daniel Arnold and Alvin Ernest Arnold.
Great grandmother of Joyce, Dan, Gloria, Mike, Valerie, Teresa, Sally, Carol, and Roger.
2nd great grandmother to Kelly Jean, David Michael, David Daniel, Steven Michael, Gina Joy, Kristen Marie, Bradley Jay, Joseph Michael, Matthew Allen, Daniel Scott, Jennifer Lynn, Jaysson Solomon-Elijah, Job Gabriel-Elisha, Sarah Kaylynn, Kandy Kay, Randy William, Scott Anthony, Joy Ann, Beth Ann, and Anne Marie.
3rd great grandmother to Danielle Rose, Dutch Reese, William Henry, Nolan Anthony, Nickolas Anthony, Sydney Kay, Wyatt Anthony, Kari Nikole, Kali Ryann, Brett Mikalary, Samantha Marie, Spencer Jay, Megan Armenia, Dominic Daniel, Tristen Jay, Zachary Todd, Kayla, and 20+ young folks.
4th great grandmother to other young folks.
When Hannah was born she had six brothers and sisters to welcome her:
Richard Reubin Pettis age 15;
Daniel Pettis age 13;
Lucina F. Pettis age 10;
Susanna Luisa Pettis age 7;
Charles Ephraim Pettis age 6;
William Pettis 3.
During her first few years, Hannah welcomed, three new siblings, sister Phebe, and brothers Amasa and John Melvin.
At that time, July 1860, she and her family still lived in St Lawrence. [1860-US-Census]
In October of 1861, Hannah's brother, Richard R. Pettis, at age 21, enlisted to fight in the Civil War. [U.S., Civil War MUSTER-IN ROLL of Captain Jesse H. Jones' Company, in the 60th Regiment of New York State Volunteers"]
In June of 1863, Hannah's brother, [Richard] Reuben, at age 22, reenlisted in the the 60th Regiment of the NYSV to continue fighting in the Civil War. [U.S., Civil War Draft Registration Records, 1863-1865, 17th Congr. Dist. of New York]
Hannah's father, Reubin Pettis, died in the "early sixties", probably by 1862, after which, mother Phoebe brought Hannah and the rest of her brothers and sisters to Michigan in 1862. [Hannah Pettis Obituary and Phebe Pettis Obituary]
Early in the spring of 1863 the tide of immigration commenced to pour into this general region, and the township of Almira received a liberal share. Quite a large colony of people from Steuben county, state of New York, settled in this town, … About the same time also a large colony from St. Lawrence county, New York, settled here. Their names as far as can be recalled were … There was also the Mansfield family, consisting of Uncle Amasa, his wife, his son Amasa, and several married daughters, among whom were Mrs. Geo. Fuller, Mrs. Phebe [Mansfield] Pettis (a widow with quite a large family), … also Amasa and Daniel Mansfield, nephews. …
Excerpt from ( Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society Collections Volume 31 (1901) pages 102–113) TOWNSHIP HISTORY OF ALMIRA IN BENZIE COUNTY PREPARED BY HON. C. S. LINKLETTER
In June of 1870 Hannah lived in Blaine Township, in Benzie County, Michigan with her mom and five siblings (Lucina, [Charles] Ephraim, Phebe, Amasa, and John).
[Admin: Check who else made the trip to Michigan, I believe Richard Reubin, and Daniel did. Not sure about Susanna and William. Looks like Phoebe's parents, Amasa and Electa, made the trip, although we have no record of it being at the same time.]
Hannah was 17 years old when she married 24-year-old Daniel Webster Arnold in Almira, Benzie County, Michigan, USA on May 12, 1873.
Children of Hannah and Daniel include:
Lillian Francis Arnold 1875–1946 (71)
Bertin Daniel Arnold 1879–1922 (43)
Daisy Mae Arnold 1883–1952 (69)
Daniel Simon Arnold 1890–1974 (83)
Lottie Mildred Arnold 1897–1918 (21)
Lillian Francis Arnold was born to Hannah (19) and Daniel (25) in Almira on March 7, 1875.
Bertin Daniel Arnold was born to Hannah (23) and Daniel (29) in Frankfort on January 17, 1879.
Daisy Mae Arnold was born to Hannah (28) and Daniel (34) in Frankfort on December 23, 1883.
Daniel Simon Arnold was born to Hannah (35) and Daniel (41) in Blaine on December 22, 1890. Daniel was a farmer at the time. [Son DSA's Birth Certificate]
Lottie Mildred Arnold was born to Hannah (42) and Daniel (48) on October 5, 1897.
On June 5, 1900 it was reported that Hannah (Census-Name: Hannah Arnold), 44 years of age, was born in New York and currently lived in Platte, Benzie, Michigan. Her mother and father were born in New York and Vermont, respectively. She lived in a household of 4, was married with 5 children, all still living, and did not work outside the home. Hannah was able to read, able to write, and able to speak English. The 1900 census, unlike others, provides month and date-of-birth, in addition to age. Hannah is reported as being born in July of 1855. Based on the age of 44 given to the census official, her birth year is 1855/1856. Given that approximate birth year and the given "years married", her marriage took place within a couple years of 1872.
Source: 1900 Census [1900-US-Census-Michigan-Benzie-Platte, District 8, Sheet 2A]
Daniel and Hannah bought 40 acres of land on Fowler Road in Platte Township from J. M. & M. E. Thurston for $50 in December of 1900. Terms of the indenture/mortgage specified $25 to be paid after one year, and $25 to be paid after two years. Interest rate of seven percent per annum. The land was described as the SE 1/4 of the SW 1/4 of Section 9 of T27N R14W.
Hannah's sister, Lucina, died in January of 1901 in Traverse City, MI at the age of 56 when Hannah was 45.
On May 2, 1910 it was reported that Hannah (Census-Name: Hannah Arnold), 53 years of age, was born in New York and currently lived on a farm they owned without a mortgage in Platte, Benzie, Michigan. Her mother and father were born in New York and Vermont, respectively. She lived in a household of 4, was married with 5 children, all still living, and did not work outside the home. Hannah was able to read, able to write, and able to speak English. Based on the age given to the census official, her birth year is 1856/1857 [DEA: We have 1855, as reported in the 1900 census]. Given that approximate birth year and the given "years married", that marriage took place within a couple years of 1873.
Source: 1910 Census [1910-US-Census-Michigan-Benzie-Platte, District 10, Sheet 5A]
Hannah's brother, Charles Ephraim Pettis, passed away in November of 1911 at the age of 62. Hannah was 56 at the time.
Amasa Pettis, brother to 58-year-old Hannah, died the day after Christmas in 1913 in Thompsonville, MI, at the age of 54.
In February of 1918, when Hannah was 62 her brother Daniel passed away at the age of 76.
In November of 1918 Hannah suffered the loss of her 21-year-old daughter Lottie to the flu when she was 63. [DEA: Lottie's death certificate lists her mothers name as "Anna". I assume that is a mistake, but could it be that Hannah sometimes went by "Anna"?]
On January 2, 1920 it was reported that Hannah (Census-Name: Hannah V. Arnold), 63 years of age, was born in New York and currently lived in Platte, Benzie, Michigan. Her mother and father were both born in New York. She lived in a household of 2, was married, and did not work outside the home. Hannah was able to read, able to write, and able to speak English. Based on the age given to the census official, her birth year is 1856/1857 [DEA: We have 1855, as reported in the 1900 census].
Hannah passed away of "paralysis – general" in Platte, Benzie, MI, USA on Monday, January 22, 1925 at the age of 69.
Hannah is listed on her death certificate as Hannah Arnold, a white, married, female from New York, born to Rubin [sic] Pettis of Vermont, and Phoebe Mansfield of New York; informed by Daniel Arnold of Honor.
From the local newspaper:
Hannah, daughter of Rueben and Phoebe Pettis was born in Lawrence county, New York, July 25, 1855 and died January 22, 1925, age 69 years, 5 months and 28 days.
After her father's death she came with her mother, brothers, and sisters to Almira township, Benzie county, Michigan in the early sixties, living a pioneer life, the mother keeping her little flock together and training them to the best of her ability.
In 1873 Hannah was united in marriage to Daniel W. Arnold and to this union five children were born, of which three are living. Mrs. Joseph Harwood and Daniel Jr. of Platte and Mrs. Charles Krause of Iron Mountain, Michigan, besides these she leaves her husband and one brother, John Pettis of Frederic, Michigan, nine grandchildren and other relatives and many friends whose lives have been influenced by her life of sacrifice for the welfare of others, also her love and patience during the long years of her sickness which confined her to a chair and many months to her bed.
The funeral services were held at the home of her son Sunday afternoon at 2 o'clock under the direction of B.G. Bennett, undertaker.
The funeral sermon was preached from the 14th chapter of John, which was her request before she passed to her eternal home.
Local newspaper, obituary
Hannah was laid to rest at Platte Cemetery on January 26, 1925.
Tags: PettisHL1855, USA-IN, USA-IN-Adams, USA-MI-Benzie, USA-MI-Benzie-Almira, USA-MI-Benzie-Platte
Previous PostHannah L. Pettis (aka Arnold) Death
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Mary Arnold (aka Pettis) Death
Carl Balitz Birth


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

using javax.naming;
using org.grobid.core.document;
using org.grobid.core.engines;
using org.grobid.core.lexicon;
using org.grobid.core.main;
using org.grobid.core.process;
using org.grobid.core.utilities;

namespace Grobid.NET
{
    public class GrobidFactory
    {
        private readonly string pathToModelsZip;
        private readonly string pathToPdf2XmlExe;
        private readonly string pathToTemp;

        private static readonly LexiconFactory lexiconFactory = new LexiconFactory();

        static GrobidFactory()
        {
            GrobidFactory.SetPathForNativeDllResolution();

            var libwapiti_dll = GrobidFactory.GetFullNativeWapitiName("libwapiti.dll");
            LibraryLoader.explicitLoad(libwapiti_dll);

            //BasicConfigurator.configure();
            //org.apache.log4j.Logger.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
        }

        public GrobidFactory(
            string pathToModelsZip,
            string pathToPdf2XmlExe,
            string pathToTemp)
        {
            GrobidProperties.setContext(new InitialContext());
            GrobidProperties.set_GROBID_HOME_PATH("c:\\");
            GrobidProperties.setGrobidPropertiesPath("c:\\");

            this.pathToModelsZip = pathToModelsZip;
            this.pathToPdf2XmlExe = pathToPdf2XmlExe;
            this.pathToTemp = pathToTemp;
        }

        public IGrobid Create()
        {
            var pdfFactory = new PdfToXmlConverterImpl(
                new PdfToXmlCmdFactory(new java.io.File(this.pathToPdf2XmlExe)),
                new java.io.File(this.pathToTemp));

            var archive = new ZipArchive(File.OpenRead(this.pathToModelsZip));

            var lexicon = this.CreateLexicons(archive);
            var featureTester = new FeatureTesterImpl(lexicon);

            var documentFactory = new DocumentFactory(
                new PdfXmlParser(),
                featureTester,
                lexicon);

            var taggerFactory = new WapitiTaggerFactory(
                archive);

            var engine = EngineParsers.Create(
                pdfFactory,
                documentFactory,
                taggerFactory,
                featureTester,
                lexicon);

            return new GrobidEngine(engine, lexicon, taggerFactory);
        }

        private static string GetExecutingAssemblyPath()
        {
            var assemblyFullName = new Uri(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().EscapedCodeBase).LocalPath;
            var assemblyPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(assemblyFullName);

            return assemblyPath;
        }

        private static string GetFullNativeWapitiName(string file)
        {
            var assemblyPath = GrobidFactory.GetExecutingAssemblyPath();
            var path = Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "NativeBinaries", "x64", "lib", file);

            return path;
        }

        private static void SetPathForNativeDllResolution()
        {
            if (IntPtr.Size != 8)
            {
                const string message = "Grobid.NET only support 64-bit processes!";
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(message);
            }

            var assemblyPath = GrobidFactory.GetExecutingAssemblyPath();
            var nativeDllPath = Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "NativeBinaries", "x64", "lib");

            const string PATH = "PATH";

            var newPath = string.Format("{0};{1}",
                nativeDllPath,
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PATH));

            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PATH, newPath);
        }

        private ILexicon CreateLexicons(ZipArchive archive)
        {
            var englishLexicon = GrobidFactory.lexiconFactory.Create(
                archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == "lexicon/names/firstnames.txt").Open(),
                archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == "lexicon/names/lastnames.txt").Open(),
                archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == this.GetWordformPath("english")).Open());

            var germanLexicon = GrobidFactory.lexiconFactory.Create(
                archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == this.GetWordformPath("german")).Open());

            var cityNameFastMatcher = new FastMatcher(
                this.ReadAllLines(archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == "lexicon/places/cities15000.txt").Open()));

            var countryCodes = CountryCodes.FromTei(
                archive.Entries.First(x => x.FullName == "lexicon/countries/CountryCodes.xml").Open());

            var lexicon = new AggregateLexicon(englishLexicon, germanLexicon, cityNameFastMatcher, countryCodes);
            return lexicon;
        }

        private string GetWordformPath(string name)
        {
            return $"lexicon/wordforms/{name}-normalized.wf";
        }

        private string[] ReadAllLines(Stream stream)
        {
            var lines = new List<string>();

            using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    var line = reader.ReadLine();
                    if (line == null)
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    lines.Add(line);
                }
            }

            return lines.ToArray();
        }
    }
}


text:
How to live like a local in Lima
Agnes Rivera
Six years ago, Lonely Planet Local Agnes Rivera traveled south along the Pacific Coast and landed in Lima, Peru. Quickly charmed by the capital city's malecón, a coastal pathway that dips in and out of vastly diverse districts, her interest has remained piqued by the juxtaposition of Lima: at once the metropolitan center of Peru and the melting pot of the country's numerous traditional cultures.
The neighborhood of Miraflores in Lima hugs the city's photogenic coastline © Media Production / Getty Images
When I have friends in town... I book a table at Isolina, a popular tavern in the charming Barranco district. Recipes passed down generations are served up in portions so large they demand to be shared among friends. Dare yourself to try out some traditional criollo ingredients like boiled chicken blood (sangrecita) and calf's brain (sesos). The colorful tiled flooring and shelves lined with pickled produce and pisco bottles are intriguing decor, and once inside the steady buzz from the conversations taking place at every one of the heavy wooden tables will make you feel warm and welcomed.
I have a baby... so on Saturdays we usually go to the farmer's market in Parque Reducto in Miraflores to keep us both happily distracted. Here you can stock up on fresh produce and tantalizing treats offered by the local vendors before entering the green area. A jolly band offers an hour-long jam session for the little ones, and nearby, numerous toy and game stations have been set up for various young age groups. If we manage to get out of the house early, I take advantage of the free yoga session offered to adults that takes place just a few paces away.
An evening at the Mirador in Barranco © Federico Tovoli / Getty Images
The best place to go on a date is... somewhere that keeps things interesting. Tucked on a small side street in Barranco, one of Lima's trendiest districts, Microteatro invites you to catch a series of live performances that are just 15 minutes each. Grab a drink at the garage-turned-bar in between shows, a surprisingly intimate space lit by candles with a stroke of the wild thanks to the hanging plants. The little theater is within walking distance to some of the best bars and restaurants in the neighborhood, which means there's an escape route if the date is going stale.
For cheap eats... skip the bodega and find a food cart on just about any street corner to satisfy your cravings, be they salty, sweet, fried or fresh. If I'm on the verge of getting 'hangry' and have some cash in my pocket, I opt for the large-kernel corn on the cob served with a salty hunk of cheese (choclo con queso).
An expanse of green at Lomas de Lachay outside of Lima © Imágenes Del Perú / Getty Images
When I want to get out of the city... I'll head north to Lomas de Lachay, a national reserve which is technically in the Lima region. These desert hills receive just enough mist to sustain a thriving ecosystem from July to September. A welcome center can give you more information about the surrounding flora and fauna before you set off on a walk along the paths. As an Oregon native I really miss being surrounded by greenery, and this unique national reserve really quenches my thirst to see lush vegetation. It's only an hour or so from Lima by car.
To break a sweat... I'll bike the length of the malecón, a paved promenade along the cliffside overlooking the Pacific Ocean. On the weekends it can seem that everyone in Lima and their dog is on the path, so I try to head out early. Cafes with ocean views, great parks for picnics, and a gorgeous cliffside shopping center are some of the highlights. If I really want to get my heart racing then I'll hop off my bike and watch the adventurous souls who've opted to do some paragliding.
People enjoy Lima's malecón © Federico Tovoli / Getty Images
Public transportation is... something everyone complains about but is used by all. The infamous kombis in Lima are crowded, loud, and a real kick for just about every foreigner that's never seen something so unorganized. Since I've lived here public transportation has vastly improved, and has remained dirt cheap compared to taxis. The more tourist-friendly districts can be commuted by city bus, though there's no posted schedule nor description of what buses will take you where, so you'll need a local to point you in the right direction and onto the right bus.
For a great view... I take an urban hike up the Morro Solar headland in the district of Chorrillos. Barren of fauna, this hill is visible from nearly all sections of Lima's extensive malecón and stands out thanks to a large Christ statue that overlooks the fishing community. The ascent begins with a stark contrast of neighborhoods: lopsided shacks on your left and the athletic and leisure club for Lima's elite on your right. You'll reach the lookout point in about 15 minutes, and you'll feel like you're floating over the hustle and bustle of the city.
Satisfying my need for caffeine... isn't a hard thing to accomplish in Lima. The rich soil of Peru, reaching various altitudes, extends from the Amazon to fields in Cusco and produces spectacular coffee beans. For a quick espresso I'll stop by the Neira Cafe Lab in Miraflores, where coffee is more than part of the morning routine. If I'm feeling experimental I'll pull up a seat at Barranco's Colonia and Co. to sip on an iced brew infused with seasonal fruits as I peruse local art or books in the neighboring gift shop.
The writer photographs the Corso Wong parade in Lima © Agnes Rivera / Lonely Planet
For one stop shopping... you can go to just about any district market but my favorite is in Magdalena del Mar. Stock up on produce or sundries, get your pants hemmed, some copies of keys made – whatever you need, there's a vendor who can service you. Just get ready to barter. This abundance of diverse businesses, often run and operated by families, in such close proximity really made an impression on me when I first came to Peru, and I love the relationship that quickly develops between the seller and a loyal customer.
When I'd rather be indoors... I'll do a tour of museums and galleries in Barranco. I'll usually start or end it at the Museum of Contemporary Art since they have a cute little cafe with outdoor seating, a perfect space to indulge in a tasty breakfast or lunch. I'll do a route that takes me to MATE, Mario Testino's museum, just on the other side of Barranco's main square. There are numerous galleries and small museums in between, some of which have a charm that is more special than any art on exhibit.
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On the opening of a sectional title scheme a rates clearance certificate is required for the land. In the case of simulations transfers of units and cessions of EUA a rates clearance certificate for the units and EUA is required as well. If a local authority is not in a position to issue a rates clearance certificate for a unit and br EUA the examiner must accept a letter from the relevant local authority stating that the particular property or right to be transferred or ceded is not yet ratable.
Section 15 B (3) (b) provides that once a body corporate has been established no rates clearance certificate is required for the land (parent property). ln the case of simultaneous transfer of units or cessions of EUA, rates clearance certificates are required for a unit and/or EUA, the examiner must accept a letter from the relevant local authority stating that the particular property/right to be transferred or ceded is not yet ratable.
1.2 The examiner must accept a rates clearance certificate for the parent property, no letter is required.
1.3 A rates clearance certificate for the farm on which the township was laid out accompanied by a letter from the local authority stating that the particular property to be transferred is covered by the clearance certificate that was issued.


text:
Q: Iterations vs. Kernel Size in Morphological Operations (OpenCV) I've been using morph opening in OpenCV to reduce noise outside of my ROI in images via opencv, and until now, whenever I need a higher degree of noise reduction I just randomly increase kernel size or increase the number of iterations until I'm happy. Is there a significant difference in results depending on which you increase / how would you decide which to change in a given situation? I'm trying to come up with a better approach to which parameter I change (by how much) other than guess-and-check.

A: It depends on the kernel type. For dilating or eroding with an odd-square kernel, there is no difference whether you increase the size or increase the iterations (assuming values which would make them equal are used). For example:
>>> M = np.zeros((7,7), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> M[3,3] = 1

>>> k1 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3,3))
>>> M1 = cv2.dilate(M, k1, iterations=2)

>>> k2 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5,5))
>>> M2 = cv2.dilate(M, k2, iterations=1)

>>> M1
[[0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]]

>>> M2
[[0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]]

And this is fairly intuitive. A 3x3 rectangular kernel for dilating will find any white pixel, and turn the neighboring pixels white. So it's easy to see that doing this twice will make any single white pixel turn into a 5x5 block of white pixels. Here we're assuming the center pixel is the one that is compared---the anchor---but this could be changed, which could affect the result. For example, suppose you were comparing two iterations of a (2, 2) kernel with a single iteration of a (3, 3) kernel:
>>> M = np.zeros((5, 5), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> M[2,2] = 1

>>> k1 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (2, 2))
>>> M1 = cv2.dilate(M, k1, iterations=2)

>>> k2 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
>>> M2 = cv2.dilate(M, k2, iterations=1)

>>> M1
[[0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 0 1 1 1]
 [0 0 1 1 1]
 [0 0 1 1 1]]

>>> M2
[[0 0 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 0 0]]

You can see that while it creates the shape (intuitive), they're not in the same place (non-intuitive). And that's because the anchor of a (2, 2) kernel cannot be in the center of the kernel---in this case we see that with a centered pixel, the neighbors that dilate are only to the bottom-right, since it has to choose a direction because it can only expand the single pixel to fill up a (2, 2) square.
Things become even more tricky with non-rectangular shaped kernels. For example:
>>> M = np.zeros((5, 5), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> M[2,2] = 1

>>> k1 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (3, 3))
>>> M1 = cv2.dilate(M, k1, iterations=2)

>>> k2 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (5, 5))
>>> M2 = cv2.dilate(M, k2, iterations=1)

>>> M1
[[0 0 1 0 0]
 [0 1 1 1 0]
 [1 1 1 1 1]
 [0 1 1 1 0]
 [0 0 1 0 0]]

>>> M2
[[0 0 1 0 0]
 [0 0 1 0 0]
 [1 1 1 1 1]
 [0 0 1 0 0]
 [0 0 1 0 0]]

The first pass of M1 creates a small cross 3 pixels high, 3 pixels wide. But then each one of those pixels creates a cross at their location, which actually creates a diamond pattern.
So to sum up for basic morphological operations, with rectangular kernels, at least odd-dimensioned ones, the result is the same---but for other kernels, the result is different. You can apply the other morphological operations to simple examples like this to get a hang of how they behave and which you should be using and how to increase their effects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's the Easter Holidays and Polka Theatre have got an eggstraspecial show to keep you entertained!
Egg is a hilarious stage show that's chock-full of fun, magic and music for anyone aged 4-7.
It's all about a bunch of hilarious and slightly mad birds as they grow up and want to protect their eggs. Whilst children everywhere are clamouring for chocolate Easter eggs.
The set is full of rustic feathers, shells and more which makes the stage look as awesome as the story.


NEWPORT County AFC manager Michael Flynn's plans for next season have received a major boost with the news that defender Dan Butler has signed a new one-year contract.
Butler has become a firm fan-favourite since arriving at the club from Torquay United in the summer of 2016.
The left-back recovered from a shaky start under then-manager Warren Feeney to play a major part in County's Great Escape from relegation after current boss Michael Flynn replaced Graham Westley 13 months ago.
Butler was voted player of year by Argus readers last season and was third in the voting for this campaign and he's happy to commit to a third year at Rodney Parade.
The 23-year-old told the club's iFollow service: "I am really happy to sign for another year here at Newport.
"I have worked extremely hard this season and I am delighted to have signed for next year.
"I have enjoyed my football and I think, overall, we have had a good season, but I am looking forward to pushing on now.
Butler has 49 appearances this season and 98 in total for the Exiles, scoring three goals.
But his work off the field has also ensured that County fans have taken the former Portsmouth youngster to their hearts. In a statement to announce the new contract, the club said: "Dan has proven himself as one of the Exiles' most consistent and ever-present performers since Michael Flynn took over in March 2017 and he has made the left-back position his own.
Flynn will be delighted to have secured Butler's services for another year, with rival clubs certain to have been monitoring the player's availability.
Joss Labadie, Scot Bennett, Ben Tozer, Frank Nouble, Paul Hayes, Calaum Jahraldo-Martin, Marlon Jackson and Jamie Turley are all out of contract this summer.


Me and Ben going shirtless.
We just completed an epic two week sail around 6 of the Channel Islands here off the coast of Southern California. Scuba dives, barrels, deserted islands, bald eagles, and racing dolphins along with a great group of campers made this trip unforgettable.
What do we do when we have a few hours off...well, pretty much the same things we do when we are working!
I am jazzed to be back among the Tole Mour family out here in Southern California. Its also quite nice to have all the experiences of the spring with me as I apply them to sailing on a much larger scale, a 156ft 3 masted schooner. At 229tons and with 15 sails she is a sight plowing thru the seas around the Channel Islands. We take out kids for 1, 2, and 3 week sailing and marine biology adventure camps during the summer.
This summer has already brought whales, bow riding dolphins, a great white sighting, and mola mola's galore. The crew is very experienced and totals 14, including instructors, deckhands, engineers, mates, the captain and the cook. It is my 4th season on board so it definitely feels like coming home. And its great to already know some of the kids from last summer.
I will try to update my blog after the trips when we are docked in Long Beach, CA.


More milestones in my Internet makeover: 1. Having replaced my gmail account everywhere I can find, I set Google to forward straggling emails to Proton & removed Gmail from all devices. 2. Except for my Mac, I have set my Mail apps to no longer show unread counts. Less twitchy.


text:
My Thoughts on Hellboy II: The Golden Army
When the original Hellboy came out four years ago, I only knew Guillermo del Toro as the guy who directed Blade II and a Spanish-language horror film called The Devil's Backbone.
However, I ended up liking the film so much, that I was excited to see del Toro's next film Pan's Labyrinth, which officially made me a fan of the director.
Now, with Hellboy II, the story is not as well developed as the first film, but I still had a good time.
The film really demonstrates del Toro's love of using non-CGI creature effects. Unless it was impossible to do in that manner, all the creatures in the film were either a guy in a suit or an animatronic puppet.
The most notable of the creature performers would have to be Doug Jones, who plays no less than three chracters: Main character Abe Sapien, The Chamberlain (who actually looks like a modified version of the Pale Man from Pan's Labyrinth), and The Angel of Death. Joining the creature cast is Family Guy's Seth MacFarlane, who hilariously voices the German ectoplasmic spirit Johann Kraus.
Like I previous said, the story, which involves an Elf prince (who, probably coincedently, looks a lot like one of the Blood Elves from World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade) tries to reactivate a mechanical army in order to destory humanity, is not as well developed as the first film. However, I did have a good time watching the film, and in my book, that is all that matters.
Hellboy II: The Golden Army permalink
My Thoughts on Wall-E
Indie Thoughts: The Wackness
The Undertaker's Home - Fantasia 2020
TADFF18: Anna and the Apocalypse
Reel Asian 2013: Hong Kong Superstar Simon Yam Makes his Directorial Debut in Tales from the Dark Part 1


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text:
NOAH TO ACQUIRE CHILD EDUCATION COMPANY FOR RMB 126M (CAD$19 million)
China Education News | March 16, 2010
Shenzhen-based electronic dictionary and mobile learning device maker Noah Education (NYSE:NED) has signed an agreement to acquire a 70% interest
2009 STATISTICS ON CHINESE STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD
229,300 Chinese students went abroad in 2009, an increase of 49,500 compared to 2008. Source: www.bioon.com URL: http://www.bioon.com/trends/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=436244
MORE GRADUATES SEEKING MASTER'S DEGREES IN TAIWAN
China Education News | February 28, 2010
There is a growing number of graduates from universities and colleges taking entrance examinations in February or March in order
HACKING INQUIRY PUTS ELITE IN NEW LIGHT
Investigators looking into web attacks on Google last year have traced the intrusions to computers at Shanghai Jiaotong University as
"NANNIES" FOR CHINESE STUDENTS IN GERMANY
Robert Bosch Stiftung and Deutsches Studentenwerk of Germany planned to develop a training program to "nannies" for Chinese international students
A BRANCH CAMPUS OF CHINA HEILONGJIANG UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE MEDICINE TO BE BUILT IN HUNGARY
Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine signed an agreement with Semmelweis University of Hungary. According to the agreement, the two universities
TALKS WITH CHINA ON INCREASING SCHOLARSHIPS
China Education News | February 7, 2010
Yemen and China have held talks about increasing cultural exchange scholarships between Yemeni and Chinese universities. Minister of Higher Education
PROGRAMS THAT HONOR THE DALAI LAMA CAN HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON RELATIONS WITH CHINA
The Chinese government has removed Canada's University of Calgary from its list of accredited institutions – a move school officials
MINISTRY TO SPONSOR MASSIVE PHOTOVOLTAICS BASE IN LDK HOMETOWN
China's Ministry of Science and Technology recently announced that it plans to build up Xinyu, Jiangxi province, as a national
NOKIA, PEARSON TO OFFER MOBILE EDUCATION
Nokia and Pearson have formed a joint venture, Beijing Mobiledu Technologies, to expand an existing Nokia service that delivers learning


text:
title: Child of Test
parent: Test
has_children: true
nav_order: 1
---

# Child of test

I am a child page.


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A silly but sweet little video from Nicole's valentine party, complete with romantic slow dancing, pipe cleaner heart crowns, and lots of champagne. This was the first video I've ever made so don't judge too harshly... I figure the Beach Boys make up for any wonky editing, right? I also have many photos from the party that I will post soon. Hope you all have a lovely Valentine's Day!
ahhhh so good! i'm so jealous!
gaaaaah we need to be friends in real life.
this is so overly cute and perfect. it is amazing!!
That was lovely :3 I wish I had all my friends near enough to me to have a (anti) valentines day party. Instead I'll eat this Mousse Au Chocolat.
oh that was so cute. love.
What a great video! Everyone looked so lovely!
I love all of your outfits, of course! You are all such mavens.
I am so sad that this is not my life!
that was too cute for words. Happy Valentine's day!
like i said, this is the best thing ever!
hahaha, it looks like a good time to me. The beach boys def help out. I like how the video is a little hazy. Great stuff, thanks for posting.
you all are way too adorable! happy valentines day indeed!
That was an absolute delight to watch. You girls all looked so pretty and I adore the pipe cleaner tiaras!
Such a beautiful post ! I love the way you captured this event..!
i am smiling so hard right now. thank you!!!
This is the sweetest video. You have some lovely fashionistas as friends. You all look beautiful!


text:
BLOWING UP A STORM
As published in the Melbourne Herald Sun
At 2.30 pm on 3 February 1921, two lorries of Black and Tans were rattling their way towards the village of Dromkeen in bucolic Limerick, Ireland when IRA Commandant, Donncadh OhAnnagain called on them to halt and surrender. In an instant the ambush site was alive to the sound of Enfield rifles and frantic voices, Irish and English. OhAnnagain was my great uncle. Although the British called him Denis Hannigan he always used the Irish spelling. His own uncle, John Cleary - my great grandfather - also spoke Irish. Neither man accepted the English occupation of his country.
Donncadh O'Hannigan in the uniform of the Free State.
By the time the Battle of Dromkeen was over, eleven Black and Tans were dead and one of the IRA Volunteers, Liam Hayes, was missing a finger. In the days that followed, ten local houses were torched and civilians harassed and brutalised. On 6 February the Tans rounded up local farmers and forced them to set fire to the wounded Hayes' home. No matter how unpalatable it might be to those of English decent, history is not kind to the British soldiers who occupied Ireland in those dark days before the Truce of 1921 and the Treaty that precipitated the devastating civil war. What makes it worse is that in the December 1918 election the Sinn Fein party - committed to an independent Irish republic - won 73 of the 105 seats.
Yet as Ken Loach's confronting new film The Wind That Shakes the Barley so tellingly confirms, brutality was not confined to the British. In the Irish Military Archives are documents which reveal how O'Hannigain executed two Black and Tans captured at Dromkeen and later ordered the execution of a man who'd been involved in the burning of the houses. However, one underlying fact cannot be erased. No amount of state terror - endorsed by the British War Cabinet of Prime Minister David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill - could bring the flying columns of Irish farm boys to heel. As much as it upsets supporters of the invasion of Iraq, the lessons are unmistakable. History shows that people simply do not give up their piece of turf and their traditions without a fight.
At Dan Breen's and wife Bridgid's grave in Tipperary.
The Donncadh OhAnnagain who took up arms against the British and ordered the execution of enemy combatants and Irish spies was no barbarian. As a young man he'd won a scholarship to Dublin to study horticulture and had gone on to marry a school teacher. Among his children were priests and nuns. Killing people came at great emotional cost. This was not a war about which he bragged or regaled friends with stories around the dinner table. He was a considered and unassuming man who, despite accepting the treaty, tried desperately to stop the civil war that ripped the heart out of his country in 1922/23. After an attempted ambush on his regiment by anti-treaty volunteers that left a local man dead he handed in his uniform and left the Free State army.
In the villages where OhAnnagain and his flying column risked their lives against an enemy armed to the teeth and immune from the dictates of the Geneva Convention these 'Irish insurgents' are heroes. At every crossroad can be found monuments dedicated to 'fallen heroes who died in the cause of Irish freedom.' Whatever the human failings of these men and no matter how much the English and local press derided them they were loved and harboured by their own people.
The Galtee Mountains that sometimes sheltered Oh Annagain and his flying column.
Those who think Loach's film is biased and unfairly demonises the British - I react against the British being depicted so unbelievably brutally, said the Movie Show's Margaret Pomeranz -and bears little relevance to the war in Iraq are either in denial or don't know their history. Does Pomeranz think the Black and Tans didn't burn houses and torture young Volunteers? Nor can the defenders of the war in Iraq take comfort from the supposed compliance of the German and Japanese people at the end of the Second World War. These were countries that had taken the war to the Allies and were in such a state of devastation resistance was always going to quickly dissipate.
Not so in Iraq, where the people genuinely believe, notwithstanding the crimes of Saddam Hussein, they have been invaded without just cause. In 1973 I met two old elderly female relatives in Dublin. So fierce had been Maire and Nellie Cleary's devotion to the Irish Republic they'd been gaoled by the Free State Army in 1923 for harbouring rebels. Such was their hatred for what the British had done in Ireland fifty years earlier one of them said she'd wished the Germans had won the war. Invasions always breed fanatical resistance.
If the Cleary girls or their cousin Donncadh OhAnnagain were living in Baghdad I know what side they'd be on. They'd wear the label of insurgency (not suicide bomber) and be proud of it. If nothing else, that's the lesson of Ken Loach's film.
The famous Galtee boy Dinny Lacey. He was killed during the civil war.


text:
ROBERT S. MARTIN currently holds the Lillian Bradshaw Endowed Chair in Library Science at Texas Woman's University. From 2001 to 2005, he served, as a Presidential appointee, as Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) in Washington, D.C. Under his leadership, IMLS launched a new grant program to recruit and educate the next generation of librarians, and the "Museums for America" program, which aims at sustaining heritage, supporting lifelong learning, and providing centers for community engagement. Martin previously held positions at the Barker Texas History Center (now the Center for American History) at the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Texas at Arlington, Louisiana State University, and the Texas State Library and Archives Commission. His many publications include Maps of Texas and the Southwest, 1513–1900 (1984, 1999) and Contours of Discovery: Printed Maps Delineating the Texas and Southwestern Chapters of the Cartographic History of North America, 1513–1930 (1982). Martin earned degrees at Rice University and the University of North Texas before receiving a doctorate in library science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Home > Vol 8, No 1 (2007) >	Martin
Intersecting Missions, Converging Practice
Robert S. Martin
I am especially pleased to have been asked to contribute to this issue of RBM, focusing as it does on the convergence of libraries, museums, and archives. This has been a major interest of mine for a long time, and almost all of my professional experience has been within institutions housing collections comprising not only rare books and other library materials, but also incorporating rich assemblages of institutional archives, historical and literary manuscripts, maps, prints, photographs, oral history resources, works of art, and artifacts.
As Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), I found myself in a . . .
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5860/rbm.8.1.281
May: 9
June: 3
July: 5
August: 5
October: 4
November: 3
December: 5