text:
Garry Marshall Reflects on 'The Odd Couple' in a Recovered Interview (EXCLUSIVE)
Updated: Apr 4, 2018 9:38 am·
By Ed Gross
The loss of writer/producer/occasional actor Garry Marshall in 2016 was something felt by anyone who is or ever has been a fan of Classic TV. Think about it: He got his start as a writer for Tonight Starring Jack Parr, but made the shift to writing sitcoms like Make Room for Daddy, Gomer Pyle: USMC, The Lucy Show, The Dick Van Dyke Show, and Love, American Style. Then he began creating or co-creating his own shows, some of which didn't work (Hey, Landlord; Me and the Chimp, Blansky's Beauties, Joanie Loves Chachi), and a lot that did. In terms of the latter, there was Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, and, of course, The Odd Couple.
In their time, Happy Days, Laverne & Shirely, and Mork & Mindy were huge, while The Odd Couple — based on Neil Simon's play of the same name — struggled to stay on the air for five seasons. Ironically, it has probably stood the test of time better than all of them. It's a show that has been periodically updated over the years with new actors, but it's Garry's 1970-75 take on the show starring Jack Klugman as sportswriter Oscar Madison and Tony Randall as photographer Felix Unger that remains the most acclaimed. And it's certainly the show that brought me ever so slightly into his circle.
(Photo Credit: Getty Images)
Back in 1989, I was working on a book that would eventually be known as Still Odd After All These Years: The 25th Anniversary Odd Couple Companion. For it, I had interviewed various actors, writers, directors, producers, etc., but still needed to speak to Garry. His Odd Couple co-creator, Jerry Belson, said he would help me reach him, and he did. I called his office, and his secretary put me on hold for a moment before Garry got on the phone. Hopefully you know how Garry spoke (if not, check out a video on YouTube), because it absolutely added to the experience.
"So, Ed," he jumped right in with his unmistakable Bronx accent, "what do you want from me?"
I stammered my response, "Well, Mr. Marshall, I'm writing a book about The Odd Couple and was hoping to speak to you about it." He hesitated a moment before replying, "Here's my problem, Ed. I'm a writin' a book of my own and I don't want to reveal too much…" He paused before adding (in the best way I can capture it in word), "But I'll talk to you a liddle." And he did, for about 30 minutes.
The Odd Couple — the Journey From Broadway to TV
The Odd Couple — beautifully summed by the tagline in the TV show's intro, "Can two divorced men share an apartment without driving each other crazy?" — had debuted on Broadway in 1965 with Walter Matthau as Oscar and Art Carney (Norton from The Honeymooners) as Felix. Three years later, the movie version was released by Paramount, which had purchased all rights to the play, with Matthau reprising the role of Oscar and Jack Lemmon coming in as Felix. When, two years later, the studio wanted to do a TV version, they turned to Garry and Jerry Belson.
"Paramount called us in and asked us if we wanted to do it," Garry said, "and we were delighted. I loved all of Neil Simon's work. He was one of my idols — still is — and they said, 'Write a script.' So we wrote a script that we thought captured the essence of the play. They actually thought it was a script taken from Simon and said, 'This is the play,' and we said, 'No, it's not the play. It's our play."
Jerry had actually told me, "Garry and I had written probably a hundred TV scripts together, and I think we agreed that the pilot of The Odd Couple was the best, probably because Neil Simon supplied such great characters."
According to Garry, an early struggle with the network (ABC) was over the casting of the lead characters. Originally, the producing duo wanted Art Carney as Felix and Martin Balsam as Oscar. "Luckily for us," said Garry, "we couldn't get them. Then Tony Randall and Jack Klugman occurred to us, and we knew it would be magic.
"Then ABC wanted Tony Randall and Mickey Rooney," he adds, "which we thought was a little far-fetched for what we needed. I wanted Jack Klugman and the network didn't really know who he was. I had seen Jack in Gypsy, and I figured if he could stand there with Ethel Merman, he could be with anybody. It surprised me that by the end of the play I really liked him. He did one hell of a job, and this was an actor who had no part to play, but he was great. I like a man who stands there and doesn't carry on, which he was so wonderful at on The Odd Couple."
The network was eventually convinced, but then Garry had to convince his actors, which wasn't such an easy thing to do — until they recognized that their potential co-star was guaranteeing it would be a class production. And the scripts seemed to flow fairly easily.
"The characters that Neil wrote were so perfect," Garry detailed, "that it wasn't difficult to expand on them. There was, however, a tendency at the time to do more women stories, but the show wasn't women. It was about them; their friendship. We finally convinced the network of that, and they left us alone. We worked very hard on the show, late hours, to maintain a certain level of quality. Friends we had went home early from other shows. We were there forever. But when we finally shot them, it was well worth it. A lot of them have held up very well. We did 114 episodes and I would say three or four were disappointing. The others I thought we gave our best shot."
Battles with the network were ongoing.
As the series began to gear up for production, ABC still had certain reservations, primarily a general feeling that the audience would perceive Felix and Oscar as being gay, which was one of the reasons for the narration at the beginning of the show.
"They were always sending memos like that," Garry explained. "We kept sending them special shots from the set of Tony and Jack hugging, just to make them crazy. It was based on some research they did in some little town in Michigan. The narration was basically my thought. We kept wanting to set up the premise of the show, so we thought it would be easier to say it in the opening credits. Part of that narration was in regards to the gay thing, but part of it was just to be clear what the hell it was all about. Some series have the problem that their premises are too obscure, like The Beverly Hillbillies. It was probably done best on The Fugitive. I figured if it would work for them, it would work for us."
A major disappointment to everyone involved was the fact that Neil Simon made no secret of the fact that he hated the show, but more for reasons of principle than quality. "He'd gotten a bad deal from Paramount," revealed Garry, "and didn't want it to be a series. He didn't like it. He wouldn't talk to us and he tried to sue the studio. It broke my heart, because my idol didn't like what I was doing. A couple of years went by and his kids started to watch it and they went to him and said, 'Dad, it's not that bad.' Then he watched it and he loved it. He called us up and quoted lines that we wrote, and even made an appearance in one episode."
The show began shooting in front of a studio audience in the second season.
The quality of the first season can't be denied, but the producing duo of Garry and Jerry didn't feel that ABC really supported the show (beyond not canceling it). Internally, Tony, Jack, and Garry (not so much Jerry) pushed ABC to switch over from a single camera set up that had the show shot as film would be with a laugh track added, to a three camera set-up in front of a live studio audience.
"I had wanted three-camera all along," Garry noted, "but I didn't have the power to do anything about it. But Tony and Jack had the clout, so they managed to pull it off. The shows just got better after that."
Even Jerry came around to the idea in the Season 2 episode "Hospital Mates," which has both Oscar and Felix undergoing surgery and sharing a hospital room, with Felix immediately driving Oscar crazy.
"I once had a sports injury," related Garry, "where I ripped the cartilage in my knees, and I spent a very depressing time in the hospital. My wife told me not to be depressed because I'd turn the experience into an episode of The Odd Couple, which I did with this episode. It was a very funny show, and the script paid for my operation."
Added Jerry, "One of the funniest ones made, and it got big screams. I had said, 'Let's not go three-camera, let's not go three-camera,' and the minute we did the show, I said, 'Let's go three-camera!'"
When the show reached its third season, ABC started pushing for guest stars, believing that having them would help boost the show's ratings. Once again, Garry sort of gave them what they wanted. Yes, there were many guest stars, but, as he laughed, only two of them were done for ratings: sportscaster Howard Cosell (insanely popular at the time) and tennis player Bobby Riggs at the height of his popularity. "ABC wanted guest stars, and we would throw in guest stars that wouldn't boost the ratings, like opera singers and ballet dancers, which got them crazy. We liked to do that, and our guests included Edward Villella and Marilyn Horne.
"One thing we did do, which we also tried to do with Happy Days, was have live music," he continued. "We had bands, singers, and stuff like that, which hadn't been done in sitcoms before. I think Sgt. Bilko once had an army talent contest, but that was about it. We had an Odd Couple Band that played live."
Five years later, it was all coming to an end.
For most of its run, The Odd Couple held up creatively, though by the time it had gotten to Season 5, it was starting to feel obvious that things were winding down. "After five years," Garry commented, "the writers were moving on, and Tony and Jack didn't want to work with the new writers. Jack was ready to move on to Quincy, although Tony, I think, would have stayed. We had a lot of writers who went on to many different things. All of us did."
(Photo Credit: CBS Television Distribution)
Before they did, however, they decided to give the show an actual ending (rare back in the day), which saw Felix remarrying his ex-wife Gloria and Oscar happier than we've ever seen him. "We wanted to do a show that ended it, and the network didn't want us to do that," he said. "They said, 'Make the audience believe it will be on next week. You don't want people to think it's over.' We said, 'No, we're ending it.'"
And end it they did, though the show was back in 1982… sort of. The New Odd Couple starred Demond Wilson of Sanford and Son as Oscar and Ron Glass of Barney Miller as Felix, and while the show had great potential, it was irreparably harmed by the insistence to have many of the episodes use scripts from the original series, despite the fact they were so well known. The show was gone in 18 episodes.
Sighed Garry, who contractually had his name on the show, during our conversation, "It was somebody's bright idea that this would be an easy show to do. They still had all of the old scripts and they wanted to redo them, and then thought to cast the show black. It didn't really work. I mean, why rewrite the scripts? That wasn't the right way to do it. They should have wrote a completely new version and not relied on the old scripts. The actors were fine and gave it their best shot, and although my name was on it, I couldn't work on the show, because I didn't agree with what was going on. It was just another case of greed that didn't work."
And that's pretty much where my conversation with Garry ended, although that wasn't it for his association with The Odd Couple. When the show came back in 2015 with Matthew Perry as Oscar and Thomas Lennon as Felix, Garry was brought on not only to play Oscar's father, but to serve as an executive consultant, much to the delight of those involved.
Return of The Odd Couple
As executive producer Bob Daily explained in an exclusive interview, Garry came to the writers' room during the first month of pre-production of Season 1, stating that he would not be accepting a check without earning it. And earn it he did. "My only concern about Garry coming in was wondering if he would be saying things like, 'That's not how we did it in the old version,'" Bob said. "But he has completely given us free reign to reinvent the show, while suggesting things. He's the one who said he felt the best episodes when he was doing it was when Oscar taught Felix something or vice-versa. That idea immediately gave rise to an episode in the second season where it establishes Felix as a lifelong New Yorker who, like many lifelong New Yorkers, never learned how to drive. But now that he's dating Emily and she's always driving, he wants to learn how, so Oscar has to teach Felix how to drive."
Thomas Lennon noted that at every taping, Marshall stood next to the cameras and he would talk to the cast after each take. "There was a moment when I felt Garry embraced me in the role of Felix," he smiled. "He went from someone who admitted he had no idea who I was when I showed up the first day (he thought I was the craft service guy) to coming up to me and saying, 'You're killing it.' That was pretty amazing. It was then that I started to feel the right to play this character."
My "liddle" conversation with Garry Marshall only lasted half an hour, but that chat, like The Odd Couple itself, feels like a gift that keeps on giving.
More in Misc
Barry Williams Celebrates Life on 'The Brady Bunch' and Beyond (EXCLUSIVE)
Exclusive 'The Odd Couple' Turns 50: Oscar and Felix Revealed
Hal Linden Remembers the Life and Times of 'Barney Miller' (EXCLUSIVE)


I just got my car washed here. Under 30 minutes. Nicest customer service. I was even 10 minutes late returning to pick up my car (didn't realize they close at 5pm) and they were nothing but nice. My car looks great!! The customer service is definitely nicer under the new management. I was previously here once before and this experience was much more pleasant.
I was recently in West LA and decided to give my car a wash and wax. Before I settled on any particular place, I decided to Yelp some reviews of nearby car washes. I gotta tell you, the reviews for most of the places around here aren't amazing. West LA Car Wash stood out the most because they hand wash.
I pulled up through their yellow gate and was immediately greeted with a smile. They asked me what I wanted, I told them a wash and wax, and they pointed to what services they offered. It was refreshing to be able to make my own choice and not be upsold by an over eager employee. I found out later that I was dealing with one of their managers, Joel, when I asked for the wash. I asked him questions, he answered all of them. Again, never up-selling me once. We both finally decided upon the Royal Hand Wax. I asked him if maybe I needed the Clay Wax. He said it was $20.00 more and I didn't really need it. He noticed I didn't have much paint contamination, so the Royal was perfect.
I bought a coffee, sat down, played some online poker on my phone and less than an hour later, my car was done. I was thoroughly impressed. The car was gleaming. The tires were shining and the inside looked just as good.
I realize this place has gotten some negative feedback, but I was treated very fairly and got a great wash and wax. You can't make everyone love you. But I definitely love this place and will return.
Great costumer service! I came and paid $20 get a basic exterior/interior wash and when I got home I saw they had missed the back row in my Honda Pilot. I came back the next day and they were very kind about fixing this over sight. I would rather go someone where the people are kind and understanding and maybe make a mistake but are willing to fix it, than someone with rude workers that don't understand human error.
I think that some people confuse the idea of "car wash" with "detail". I hardly expect when I pay $20 sit and wait for 20 minutes that when I get my car back its going to be perfect- I just expect that it will be better then when I drove in! These guys did a great job on my car- and it was filthy! I felt like it was money and time well spent.
I've been there a few times now and really like their service. They're FAST and my car has come out clean every single time. I always sit inside and watch soccer or something else on TV while I wait. Very comfortable atmosphere and very reasonable prices!!
This is truly the most detail oriented and professional car wash that I've been to in years. When in Los Angeles I do not take my truck anywhere else to be washed. For years I have leased one F150 after another. In Los Angeles having a truck seems to mean poor quality service at car washes but not here. These guys wash and detail my truck as if it were their own. Last week they even buffed out two scratches that a car wash in Orange County left behind after wishing it. I didn't even mention the scratches to the guys but they saw them and took care of them anyway. I've been using this car wash for the past 8 years. They are above and beyond and they have wifi so I can work while I wait.
Copyright © 2016 West LA Car Wash - All Rights Reserved.


text:
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Music Business, Institutions and Organizations (8)
Instrument-building Firms (1)
Publishing and Recording Industry (7)
Aerophones (Blown Instruments) (1)
Reed Instruments (1)
Trumpets (1)
Early 18th c./Late Baroque (1700-1750) (8)
Late 18th c./Classical (1750-1800) (1)
Publisher or Editor (4)
Early 18th c./Late Baroque (1700-1750) x
Music Business, Institutions and Organizations x
Bühner & Keller
René Pierre
Wind instrument makers of Strasbourg. [Life data refer to Strasbourg unless noted.] Jean (Johannes) II Keller (1710–78) was admitted as a turner in the corporation of carpenters in 1736. His three sons were woodwind makers. Jean III Keller (b 14 Dec 1737; d 1785), his first son, was described as 'Instrumentenmacher' at his marriage in 1765 and upon the births of his four children. He used the mark '[fleur de lis] / KELLER / A STRASBOURG'. Isaac Keller (b 26 Jan 1740; d 11 June 1802), the second son, was received into the corporation of carpenters in 1785, at the death of his brother Jean III. He joined the third son, Jean Philippe Keller (b 10 Nov 1743; d 1 July 1794) by 1790 to create a new partnership, marking their instruments '[angel trumpeter] / LES / FRERES/ KELLER'. Etienne Ozi (...
William C. Smith
revised by Peter Ward Jones and David Hunter
English family of music publishers and violin makers. The business was founded by John Hare (d London, bur. 9 Sept 1725), who by July 1695 was established in London as a publisher. In August that year he acquired additional premises in London which he probably took over from John Clarke (the 11th edition of Youth's Delight on the Flageolet, earlier editions of which had been issued by Clarke, was one of Hare's first publications). He gave up these two premises for new ones in April 1706 and remained in business alone until December 1721. His son Joseph Hare (d London, bur. 17 July 1733) joined him in January 1722, and they published jointly until John's death in September 1725. Joseph then carried on the business in his name, probably on behalf of his mother Elizabeth Hare ('the elder') (d Islington, London, bur. 8 July 1741...
Meares
Peter Ward Jones and David Hunter
[Mears, Meers]
Two English instrument makers, music publishers and sellers, father (d ?London, ?1722) and son (b London, ?1671; d London, ?1743). They were active in London from the 1660s to 1743. Richard Meares the elder was possibly the leading maker of viols of his time; he also made lutes and other string instruments. His instruments are usually distinguished by their tasteful purfling and woodwork, and high-quality varnish. He may have been the teacher of Edward Pamphilon, Barak Norman and Nathaniel Cross. Instruments can be seen at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London (bass viol, c1677), the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City (bass viol, c1682), and the Dolmetsch Family Collection, Haslemere (alto viol, c1668). Richard Meares the younger is credited with few instruments, and these tend to be of the violin family, then newly fashionable in society.
The firm sold music, and advertised it from at least ...
Lasairíona Duignan
revised by Barra R. Boydell
Irish family of music publishers, instrument makers and concert promoters . John Neale (or Neal; d after 1739) was active in Dublin musical circles from about 1714. In 1721 he described himself as an instrument maker in Christ Church Yard and was selling violins and imported printed music. By 1723 he was organizing weekly concerts at 'Mr Neal's Musick Room in Christ Church Yard' and in the same year was elected president of a social and musical club which later moved to the Bull's Head Tavern in Fishamble Street near Christ Church, subsequently becoming the Charitable and Musical Society. His son William (d 1769) was also active in the Charitable and Musical Society which, in October 1741, while William was treasurer, opened the New Musick Hall in Fishamble Street where in 1741–2 Handel gave concerts including the first performance of Messiah (13 April 1742).
An advertisement in ...
Simpson, John
Frank Kidson
revised by William C. Smith and Peter Ward Jones
(d London, c1749). English music publisher, instrument maker and engraver, established in London. He was employed by John Hare's widow, Elizabeth (see Hare family), until her retirement in 1734, when he set up in business for himself, taking over the trade sign from Mrs Hare and probably also her stock and plates. He also had connections for a short time with Thomas Cobb, and when James Oswald arrived in London in 1741 he may have worked for Simpson, who published some of his compositions.
Simpson's early publications were mostly sheet songs, many of which were later gathered into the volume of Harmonia anglicana (1744) containing the earliest known appearance of God Save the King. This collection was almost immediately reissued with the title changed to Thesaurus musicus, and a second volume was added in about 1745. Other notable publications were Henry Carey's The Musical Century...
Walsh, John (i)
revised by William C. Smith, Peter Ward Jones and David Hunter
(b ?1665 or 1666; d London, March 13, 1736). Music seller, engraver, printer, publisher and instrument seller, probably of Irish extraction. He was established in London by about 1690. On 24 June 1692 he was appointed musical instrument-maker-in-ordinary to William III in succession to John Shaw, whose trade sign of 'The Golden Harp and Hoboy' he also adopted; in the same year he married Mary Allen, by whom he had 15 children, of whom only three survived infancy.
In 1695, when he began publishing, Walsh had few rivals in the trade. John Playford was dead, and his son Henry evidently lacked the initiative to maintain the family firm as a flourishing concern. Thomas Cross, while popular for his introduction of the engraved single-sheet song, was concerned more with engraving than publishing. Walsh was quick to take advantage of the situation, and engraved music appeared from his premises on a scale previously unknown in England. In addition to works by English composers he printed much popular continental music (including Corelli's sonatas) which he often copied from Dutch editions. From about ...
Walsh, John (ii)
(b London, Dec 23, 1709; d London, Jan 15, 1766). English music seller, printer, publisher and instrument maker . He probably assumed control of the business of his father, John Walsh (i), in about 1730, when the relationship with the Hare family apparently ceased and the numbering of the firm's publications started. On 8 May 1731 Walsh succeeded to the appointment of instrument maker to the king. Although John Johnson and other rivals arose, the business continued to prosper and maintained its excellent engraving and paper. Burney characterized Walsh (ii) as 'purveyor general'. Walsh fully developed the firm's relationship with Handel, publishing almost all his later works and in 1739 being granted a monopoly of his music for 14 years. About half of Walsh's output was of Handel compositions. The firm also sold other publishers' works, and bought up the stock of smaller firms when they ceased trading. Many of Walsh's apprentice engravers later set up on their own, including John Caulfield, Thomas Straight and Thomas Skillern. Walsh, who never married, was elected a governor of the Foundling Hospital in ...
Young, John (i)
Peter Ward Jones
(b ?London, c1672; d London, c1732). English music printer, publisher and instrument maker . The researches of Dawe, together with those of Ashbee, have helped clarify the identification of members of this family. Young's father was also John, but since he was still alive in 1693, he was evidently not, as earlier surmised, the John Young who was appointed musician-in-ordinary to the king as a viol player on 23 May 1673 and who had died by 1680 (according to the Lord Chamberlain's records). Young junior was apprenticed to the music seller and publisher John Clarke, and was established on his own by 1695. His publications included A Choice Collection of Ayres for the Harpsichord or Spinett by Blow and others (1700), William Gorton's A Choice Collection of New Ayres, Compos'd and Contriv'd for Two Bass-Viols (1701), The Flute-Master Compleat Improv'd (1706), the fifth and sixth editions of Christopher Simpson's ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Let's get this lake life started! This home is in walking distance to the water and boasts all new carpet and paint throughout! You'll have plenty of room to spread out with 4 bedrooms, a living room, family room, formal dining room, bright sunroom and even a solarium! Not to mention all the lake has to offer: boating, fishing, stables, fine dining, golf, swimming and more!


text:
Wed, 8th Aug 2012 13:00
Donnington Priory
1997 Aston Martin V8
Estimated at £36,000 - £42,000
Registration No: P724RNF
Chassis No: SCFDAM2S8VBR79025
Mot Expiry: June 2013
Unveiled at the 1996 Geneva Salon, the V8 Coupe slotted into the Aston Martin range below the flagship Vantage and Volante models. It was powered by a normally aspirated version of the 5340cc 'quad cam' V8 Vantage engine, the output of which was 349bhp - sufficient to propel the Coupe to 60mph in around 5.9 seconds and to a top speed of 155mph. Four-speed automatic transmission was standard fit for this model, which rode on distinctive six-blade OZ Saturn alloy wheels. The rims were shod with Pirelli P Zero 225/50 tyres. Few changes were made during the production run, which lasted until 1999 and accounted for a mere 101 examples.
The smartly presented right-hand drive V8 Coupe being sold is a 'matching numbers' example from February 1997. It is finished in Buckingham Green complemented by green-piped Sand Beige hide trim and Green carpets. Having largely been in storage since 2005, it is understood to have covered just 17,000 miles from new - a fact supported by the accompanying full service history; the most recent entry in which is for 2011. The Aston's suitably impressive specification includes: sports exhaust, cruise control and heated seats. These Newport Pagnell-built V8s are arguably among the last true Aston Martins models, and becoming increasingly collectable.


text:
Home Issues Foreign Policy & Diplomacy Of Sanctions and Defiance
Of Sanctions and Defiance
Rabia Akhtar
The U.S. non-proliferation policy utilizes economic, political and military sanctions enshrined in non-proliferation legislation to deter proliferation behavior in countries around the globe. Three laws –– the Symington and the Glenn amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 enacted in 1976 and 1977 respectively, the Nuclear Non-proliferation Act of 1978 (NNPA) and the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act 1994 (NPPA) –– taken together, form the basis of U.S. nuclear sanctions regime.
There is no consensus in sanctions literature in international relations scholarship on their 'efficacy' in either deterring or changing a state's behavior or even whether multilateral sanctions, as tools of coercive diplomacy, are more effective than unilateral sanctions in achieving their desired objectives.
In the context of Pakistan, the U.S. non-proliferation policy portfolio reveals a mixed bag of aid and sanctions as resources used by the U.S. to constrain Pakistan's nuclear activities. Each administration from Ford to Clinton, chose a particular action, for example, the promise of aid to Pakistan in lieu of assurances of non-possession and non-development of nuclear weapons or the threat of sanctions and aid cut-off to Pakistan in the absence of such assurances. However, each time the goalposts on U.S. tolerance for proliferation were moved to accommodate Pakistan for one foreign policy objective or the other, a cost was inherited.
From 1974 to 2001, the U.S economic and military assistance to Pakistan was linked to non-proliferation assurances from Pakistan and not only in periods of high U.S. credibility and high dependency on U.S. aid by Pakistan. The U.S. not only undermined its threat credibility, it consistently compromised on its non-proliferation norms under all five administrations from Ford to Clinton to achieve other foreign policy objectives. Thus, the cost for U.S. shifting its non-proliferation redlines –– lifting sanctions to enlist Pakistan's support during the Cold War –– came in the shape of a nuclear Pakistan.
The Symington-Glenn Amendments
The literature on U.S. non-proliferation legislation confuses the rationale and objective of the Symington and Glenn amendments. Mitchell Reiss in his book Bridled Ambition (1995) clarifies that confusion as follows
"The Symington amendment amended the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 by adding Section 669, which concerned nuclear transfers of both uranium enrichment and reprocessing equipment, materials, and technology. The Glenn amendment eliminated this section 669 and added (1) a new section 669 dealing only with uranium enrichment transfers, and (2) a new section 670 dealing with reprocessing transfers. The Symington amendment is generally invoked when discussing uranium enrichment transfers and the Glenn amendment when discussing reprocessing transfers, although technically the Glenn amendment is the appropriate citation for either type of transfer. As a compromise, and further complicating matters, the entire legislative package is sometimes referred to as the Glenn-Symington or Symington-Glenn amendment."
Pakistan's nuclear weapons program in 1977 was still in embryonic stages and there was no device ready for nuclear testing even though work on developing the test sites was underway at that time, as Feroz Khan details in his book Eating Grass (2012). The only other country that had a nuclear weapon and was in a position to conduct a nuclear explosion in 1977 was South Africa. As Or Rabinowitz details in her book Bargaining on Nuclear Tests (2014), by mid 1977, there were indications of nuclear-test site preparations by South Africa in the Kalahari Desert although Pretoria denied any intentions to test nuclear weapons. Therefore, it can be ascertained that Pakistan could not have been on the minds of the architects of the Glenn amendment when they specified aid cut off after a nuclear explosion.
The other component of the Glenn amendment referred to the sale of reprocessing plants. According to Leonard Weiss, John Glenn's most influential staffer and the brain behind the amendment, "the Glenn amendment was not targeted specifically at Pakistan. The concern that prompted the amendment was our perception that reprocessing was so dangerous for non-proliferation that trade in such technology should be discouraged even if accompanied by international safeguards. Pakistan was not uppermost in our minds when the amendment was conceived." It was Pakistan's reprocessing plant agreement with France that became the focus after the amendment was passed. Carter used the Glenn amendment in the same manner Ford had used the Symington amendment, to pressure Pakistan to forego the French reprocessing deal.
Threat of Glenn Sanctions and the Cancellation of the French Reprocessing Plant
An August 10, 1977 statement by a spokesman of Pakistan's ministry of foreign affairs revealed details of a secret visit by Joseph Nye, deputy to the under-secretary for security, science and technology affairs on 29-31 July 1977 to discuss the contentious issue of plutonium reprocessing plant. According to the statement "Pakistan side reiterated the determination of the interim Government to implement the agreement with France and made it clear that Pakistan would not countenance delays of any kind in the execution of the various steps envisaged for going ahead with the project." The purpose of Nye's visit was not only to threaten the cutoff of economic assistance as per the Glenn amendment –– as documented by Dennis Kux in his book Disenchanted Allies, but also to persuade Gen. Zia to participate in Carter's International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCEP) program. And it was through Pakistan's participation in INFCE that the problems associated with U.S. non-proliferation legislations were to be relieved. The idea was to tell Zia that if he agreed, his deferral on receiving French technology transfers would be placed in a "global context as the Pakistani contribution to the INFCE."
In his meeting on July 30, 1977 with Agha Shahi, interim foreign affairs adviser to Gen. Zia, Nye pointed out that "reprocessing may become obsolescent after INFCEP and that recycle is of questionable value even for the U.S. with a large number of reactors." Shahi nevertheless replied by stating that the reprocessing issue for the interim military regime was "political dynamite" and the interim government had no choice. In reply to Nye's question of what would the interim government prefer –– "two month de facto delay or foreclose various options for cooperation, including economic aid and perhaps military sales with the United States," Shahi replied, "Zia knows he would be politically discredited if he touched this issue." Munir Ahmed Khan, Chairman PAEC also attended the meeting and when Nye inquired about the status of 'transfer of technology from France,' Munir Khan confirmed that "all important technology for the plant had been transferred by July 1974."
Shahi was correct in his observations –– Zia was relentless on the issue of reprocessing. On the question of pressure from the United States on the reprocessing issue during a press conference on September 1, 1977, General Zia once again reaffirmed his commitment
"We stand in a much better position than we were on the fifth of July 1977. The reprocessing plant is no longer either a political or a national issue. The previous Government had initiated the deal, and I have said that I will abide by it. The leaders of the previous Opposition have all said, one by one, that they want it. And knowing what I do of France, I have no doubt that the French will stand by their commitment. They are honourable people."
The reprocessing issue overshadowed Pak-U.S. diplomatic relations under Zia from mid-1977 onwards and resulted in brief U.S. development aid suspension for Pakistan in September 1977, which was resumed after a year. The French decision to cancel the reprocessing plant agreement with Pakistan was privately taken in 1977 and officially announced in 1978.
In their interview with Leonard Weiss, Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins in their book The Nuclear Jihadist (2007) document Weiss's meeting with Bertrand Goldschmidt, one of the directors of the French nuclear agency, in the spring of 1977 before the Glenn amendment became a law. Weiss had flown to Paris "to meet with senior officials to relay John Glenn's opposition to the pending sale of the reprocessing plant to Pakistan." According to the authors, "even before Weiss finished laying out Glenn's concerns, Goldschmidt said the French had decided to stop the transaction." But Goldschmidt also told Weiss that "unfortunately the French company involved in the deal had already sold Pakistan the blueprints for the plant." Although one critical device known as 'chopper' used to 'slice the highly radioactive spent fuel rods into pieces as a part of producing plutonium' was still not provided to Pakistan by the French.
While this provided some relief to Weiss, it also made him think out of the box. According to Frantz and Collins, Weiss thought, "What if the reprocessing plant was not the true focus of the Pakistani nuclear plans? What if the plutonium route was a ruse? What if, while the United States spent precious diplomatic capital and intelligence resources trying to stop the French deal, Pakistan had another option for developing a weapon?" Weiss knew of Pakistan's uranium enrichment program and thought perhaps, "enrichment was the real way the Pakistanis planned to produce fissile material."
Weiss was right. General Zia did not cause a ruckus over the loss of French reprocessing deal not because he did not feel as strongly as Bhutto about reprocessing but because he was confident about achieving nuclear capability through an alternate route.
On his way home from visiting New Delhi in January 1978, Carter stopped in Paris to meet the French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing to discuss the Franco-Pakistan deal. Although it was privately confirmed that the French had taken the decision to cancel the deal, Giscard "agreed to make the decision official, but he insisted on waiting long enough to make it seem as if France was not submitting to American pressure. Six months later, the French Council on Nuclear Policy declared the contract with Pakistan null and void."
With the cancellation of the French agreement, there was no longer any need to sanction Pakistan under the Glenn amendment. The cancellation of the French reprocessing plant only delayed Pakistan's plutonium route to the bomb and efforts to acquire the bomb through uranium enrichment continued covertly under Zia's regime.
The 1979 Symington Sanctions
A U.S. intelligence report in 1978 examined Pakistan's nuclear and non-nuclear options after the Indian nuclear test in 1974. According to the report, Pakistan's decision to acquire nuclear weapons capability was influenced by its earlier failed attempts to pursue non-nuclear options which included: Pakistan's proposal for a 'South Asian Nuclear Weapons Free Zone' in 1974 passed by UNGA but never implemented and Pakistan's unsuccessful attempts to seek nuclear guarantees from great powers and assurances from nuclear weapon states for non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear states.
Pakistan contemplated reliance on an extensive military procurement program from major arms supplier states including China, U.S., U.K and France to match Indian conventional superiority and also considered exercising its right to 'peaceful nuclear explosion' in order to balance the equation with India and alert international community to arrest further Indian nuclear developments.
The report safely estimated that "Pakistan could not develop a nuclear warhead suitable for delivery by a ballistic missile in less than five years from the date of a demonstration device."
A month after the cancellation of the French reprocessing plant agreement, US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance approached Agha Shahi with an offer of resumption of the suspended development aid with a consideration for military sales. But Shahi was warned that if Pakistan developed an indigenous nuclear explosive capability or attempt to acquire reprocessing technology from any other country then the non-proliferation legislation (reference Glenn-Symington amendments) would automatically be triggered resulting in the suspension of U.S. military and economic assistance to Pakistan.
The Carter administration terminated all military and economic assistance to Pakistan invoking the Symington Amendment on 6 April 1979 after an intelligence report confirmed the construction of a uranium enrichment plant in Kahuta. Richard Burt reported in The New York Times on August 12, 1979 that the Carter administration in an all-out effort to stop Pakistan's enrichment program had set up an interagency taskforce under the leadership of Gerard C. Smith who was the Ambassador at Large, U.S. special representative for non-proliferation matters. Though the taskforce remained inconclusive, it had prepared three options to slow Pakistan's march towards the bomb: one, offer conventional arms to Pakistan to modernize its military (may be offer F-5 or F-16 advanced aircrafts) as an incentive to forego the nuclear option; two, use stringent economic sanctions to cripple Pakistan's economy and; third, "use paramilitary forces to disable the Pakistani uranium enrichment facility" to retard Pakistan's nuclear progress. Pakistan's program continued despite Symington sanctions and the cancellation of other foreign supplies by Pakistan's European partners.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 and the loss of listening posts in Iran elevated Pakistan's geostrategic status, aligning it with the American strategic priorities in the region. The U.S. Congress waived aid conditions under the Symington amendment in 1980 and in 1981 approved a $3.2 billion multi-year aid package for military and economic aid to Pakistan in return for its assistance to train Afghan mujahedeen's to fight the Soviets. Pakistan used its new geostrategic importance for the United States at the height of the Cold War to its advantage, limiting U.S. policy options towards restraining Pakistan's nuclear developments.
Dr. Rabia Akhtar is Director of the Center for Security, Strategy and Policy Research, University of Lahore. This article is excerpted from her forthcoming book titled 'The Blind Eye: US Non-proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan from Ford to Clinton' (University of Lahore Press, 2018).
Glenn Amendment
Reprocessing Plant
Symington Amendment
Previous articleScrapping of Iran Nuclear Deal and North Korean Denuclearization: Implications for the Non-proliferation regime
Next articleSecurity Predicated On Suicide: Two Decades In Armageddon's Shadow
Pakistan's Place in a Changing World
Flashback 2018- Foreign Policy Challenges for Pakistan and The Way Forward
The Prospects Of The Russian-Pakistani Partnership


Hi Ellie! We have been devoted to your oral hygiene routine for 10 years now! As fa as we are concerned, there is no other viable oral hygiene system! Our dental health has been incredible, and any tooth sensitivity is nonexistent! Of course, xylitol is a key component of the routine! Our mouths always feel so refreshed! We could never return to our prior way of taking care of our dental needs! Since we discovered you, dental issues are nonexistent! We promote the system to anybody who is interested in improving their oral health! In upcoming videos, you could discuss root canals, whitening, gum recession as well as the the importance of following the routine as designed! Thank you for all that do!
Thank your for the short video. I have been following your protocol for 3 months and my teeth feel clean and healthy. I have an appointment in November with Dr. Saul Pressner who you recommended and I am hopeful I will receive a good report.
Thank you so much, Dr. Ellie!
It would be wonderful if you made a video discussing alkaline foods. Things that would be fine to leave on your teeth (if you don't have any xylitol on hand).
I went for my 6 month cleaning last week, and my hygienist said, "You have virtually no plaque." Can't tell you how wonderful that feels.
I have had braces for 1 1/2 years and been using your system for 2 1/2.
What are the health benefits of Xylitol? Does Xylitol in chewing gum help?
Most "chewing gum with xylitol" has an inadequate amount of xylitol to be effective. Only above 3 grams of xylitol per day will bring oral health benefits. Zellie's pure xylitol gum has one gram of xylitol in each piece, so having 3 or more pieces (per day) will bring benefits. Many other xylitol gums have less than a gram – and some (like trident) have so little is more about marketing than effectiveness….
It's good to end every meal, snack or drink with pure xylitol gum. This habit will alkalize your mouth and help strengthen and clean teeth. In the gut xylitol is fiber and feeds healthy gut bacteria. Xylitol breaks down to become butyrate, which is a product that helps repair and heal intestinal cell walls.
In the 1800s xylitol was used by diabetics to stabilize blood glucose and as a a low Glycemic sweetener(Glycemic Index of 7.0). Athletes use xylitol to help prevent catabolic breakdown of muscle – and in the 1960s was used to control sugar and smoking cravings. In Europe some recommend xylitol to help combat osteoporosis at a higher daily amount – more around 20 grams per day.
This is great! Thanks for these wonderful information about xylitol for oral health!
Hi Dr. Ellie, Will I get some benefit from xylitol if I swish it around in my mouth for a couple of minutes after eating and then spit it out? I'm using a couple of teaspoons of granular xylitol a day. The chewing gum that I am able to purchase in Canada doesn't agree with me.
Hi Dr. Ellie, Is it effective to swish xylitol in your mouth for a couple of minutes after eating and then to spit it out? The chewing gum that is available in Canada doesn't agree with me so I am using the granular xylitol.
Sure – this works! The only caveat I would add is that if you put the granules in water and let them dissolve outside your mouth( in the water) this solution of xylitol is not as effective as granules "on their own" in your mouth. I used to recommend xylitol in water – and it is useful – but not as effective as granules on their own and NOT dissolved in water.


text:
Q: {block:tags} + nth-child in  tags I'm working away on my tumblr theme currently and am trying to work out a nice workaround for descriptive titles.
I'm currently using the 'first post is the title' trick "within" the theme implemented as so:
#tagoperator:nth-child(n+2)
{
Margin-top : 0px;
Margin-bottom : 0px;
}

and
{block:tags}
{Tag}
{/block:tags}

I'm trying to do the same thing within my title tags but I am pretty clueless when it comes to getting it to work.
The best way I could imagine it working was as so:
<title>{title} {block:tags}
{tag}
{/block:tags}</title>

This sadly renders just the title though.
Do you guys have any suggestions on how I might implement what I am trying?
Cheers, Jack
[Edit]
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

    <meta name="keywords" content="{block:Permalink}{block:Posts}{block:Tags}{Tag}, {/block:Tags}{/block:Posts}{/block:Permalink}" />

    <meta name="if:Show Reblog Credit" content="1">
    <meta name="if:Show Tags" content="1">

    <meta name="font:TitleAndBody" content="Georgia">
    <meta name="font:DatesReblogTags" content="Verdana">
    <meta name="font:TextWithinBars" content="Verdana">
    <meta name="color:Background" content="#333333"/>
    <meta name="color:Title" content="#1D1801"/>
    <meta name="color:BodyText" content="#1D1801"/>
    <meta name="color:Links" content="#020202"/>
    <meta name="color:Bars" content="#1D1801"/>
    <meta name="color:TextWithinBars" content="#FFFFFF"/>
    <meta name="color:HeaderText" content="#FFFFFF"/>
    <meta name="color:NotesBackground" content="#FCFF8B"/>
    <meta name="color:TagsBackground" content="#E0F1FF"/>
    <meta name="color:PostTitleText" content="#ee84ad"/>

    <meta name="if:Show notes" content="1"/>
    <meta name="text:Disqus Shortname" content="" />

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="{Favicon}">
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="{RSS}" />

<title>{title}{block:tags} |
{tag}
{/block:tags}</title>

      {block:HasPages}
        {block:Pages} | {Label} | {/block:Pages}
        {/block:HasPages}

        |

        {lang:About} | |

        {lang:Subscribe} | |

        E-mail |

        {block:Posts}

               {block:tags}
{Tag}

                {/block:tags}

                {block:Date}{block:NewDayDate}{ShortMonth}. {DayOfMonth}, {Year} at {block:NewDayDate} {12Hour}:{Minutes}{AmPm} {/block:Date}

                {block:Date}

                {block:IfShowReblogCredit}
                {block:RebloggedFrom}

                    {lang:Reblogged from ReblogParentName 2}

                {/block:RebloggedFrom}
                {/block:IfShowReblogCredit}

                {block:IfShowTags}

                  {block:HasTags}

                    {block:Tags}{Tag}
                      {/block:Tags}

                {/block:HasTags}
                {/block:IfShowTags}

        {block:Text}

                                {Body}

                {block:More}{lang:Read more}{/block:More}

        {/block:Text}

        {block:Photo}
                {LinkOpenTag}{LinkCloseTag}

                {block:Caption}{Caption}{/block:Caption}
        {/block:Photo}

        {block:Video}
                {Video-500}

                {block:Caption}{Caption}{/block:Caption}
        {/block:Video}

        {block:Photoset}
                {Photoset-500}

                {block:Caption}{Caption}{/block:Caption}
        {/block:Photoset}

        {block:Audio}

                    {block:AudioEmbed}
                        {AudioEmbed-500}
                    {/block:AudioEmbed}

                    {block:AudioPlayer}
                        {AudioPlayerWhite}  {block:ExternalAudio}{lang:Download}{/block:ExternalAudio}
                    {/block:AudioPlayer}

                {block:Caption}{Caption}{/block:Caption}
        {/block:Audio}

        {block:Chat}
                {block:Title}
                {Title}

                {/block:Title}

                    {block:Lines}
                    {block:Label}
{Label}	{/block:Label}{Line}

                    {/block:Lines}

        {/block:Chat}

        {block:Quote}

“

{Quote}

                    {block:Source}
— {Source}
{/block:Source}

        {/block:Quote}

        {block:Link}
                {Name}

                {block:Description}{Description}{/block:Description}
        {/block:Link}

                {block:Permalink}
                {block:IfShowNotes}{PostNotes}{/block:IfShowNotes}

                {block:IfDisqusShortname}

                  {lang:View the discussion thread}

                  {lang:Blog comments powered by Disqus 2}

                {/block:IfDisqusShortname}
                {/block:Permalink}

         {block:IfDisqusShortname}
{lang:View comments}
{/block:IfDisqusShortname}
         {/block:Date}

        {/block:Posts}

<form onsubmit="return handleThis(this)">
<input type="text" name="number" />
<input type="submit" value="Search Tags" />
</form>

Popular Photosets

        {block:PermalinkPagination}

            {block:NextPost}
            <
            {/block:NextPost}
            {block:PreviousPost}
            >
            {/block:PreviousPost}

        {/block:PermalinkPagination}

        {block:Pagination}

{lang:CurrentPage of TotalPages}

            {block:PreviousPage}
            {lang:Previous} |
            {/block:PreviousPage}
            {block:NextPage}
            {lang:Next page}
            {/block:NextPage}

        {/block:Pagination}

            All images and content copyright Jack Luke, {CopyrightYears}.

    {block:IfDisqusShortname}

  {/block:IfDisqusShortname}

A: The title element may only contain text, not markup:

Content model:
       Text.

So the h1 element in <title>{title} {block:tags}
{tag}
{/block:tags}</title> is not allowed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Santa Claus parade will be held in Southampton tonight.
Last week it was the Port Elgin Santa Claus parade -- tonight is the Southampton Santa Claus parade.
The Saugeen Shores Chamber of Commerce is hosting the parade, which begins at 7 PM near Grey Street by the Saugeen Memorial Hospital.
Community Relations Coordinator Heather Lorenz tells us the procession will travel west on High Street to Huron Street by the Cenotaph.
Lorenz says they're expecting a lot of participants in the parade with lots of animals taking part as well.
Free candy will ALSO be handed out.
Lorenz is hoping for good weather but she knows no matter what the weather, she can count on the kids to come out to welcome Santa Claus to Southampton.
Southampton merchants will also be part of the celebration at tonight's (FRI) parade.
Thorncrest Outfitters will bring a 27 foot canoe in the parade and collect items for the Salvation Army food drive.


Season of Docs - Fostering open source collaboration with technical writers.
OWASP CheatSheetSeries - The OWASP Cheat Sheet Series was created to provide a concise collection of high value information on specific application security topics.
Sysdig Inspect - Open Source System Capturing & Analysis.
NetworKit - Large-Scale Network Analysis — Interactive and Fast!
htrace.sh - Swiss Army knife for http/https troubleshooting and profiling.
CloudProber - Active monitoring software to detect failures before your customers do.
OpenDistro for ElasticSearch - Apache 2.0-licensed distribution of Elasticsearch enhanced with enterprise security, alerting, SQL, and more.
Strap - Bootstrap your macOS development system.
Peleton - Unified Resource Scheduler to co-schedule mixed types of workloads such as batch, stateless and stateful jobs in a single cluster for better resource utilization.
Txeh - Go library and CLI utilty for /etc/hosts management.
FastAPI - Modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
Awesome Linux Softwares - A list of awesome applications, software, tools and other materials for Linux distros.
DigitalOcean Netbox - IP address management (IPAM) and data center infrastructure management (DCIM) tool.
ValuStor - Key-value pair database solution originally designed as an alternative to memcached.


Dr Jack Mapanje, one of the most important living African poets told millions of BBC Radio 4 listeners that his most favourite record he would want to take with him on his castaway island would be the Bach/Gounod Ave Maria, performed by Janet Coxwell, a former member of the choir of St Bride's, with Christopher Enston on the organ at the world-famous church. The record appears on the church's CD 'Favourite Hymns from St Bride's.' In the programme, hosted by Sue Lawley, Dr Mapanje selected Ave Maria as his eighth and final piece of music from a mixture of performers, including Three Degrees, Gerry Rafferty and Simon and Garfunkel.
The African poet has had a remarkable career, part of which he was imprisoned for three years - without charge. - in Mikuyu Gaol. He was arrested while enjoying a drink in a bar. When he was finally released, without warning or explanation, he believed his life was still in danger and fled with his wife and children to Britain.
The former Rotterdam International Poetry Prize winner has lived in the UK ever since and lectures at the University of Newcastle.


text:
No. 5 Story of the Year: Mattituck girls volleyball's amazing ride to Glens Falls
By Bob Liepa
SUFFOLK TIMES FILE PHOTO | The Mattituck girls volleyball team
The Mattituck High School girls volleyball team might have surprised itself by making it to the New York State Public High School Athletic Association Championships for the first time in team history. But then the Tuckers were perhaps taken aback by the caliber of competition they faced at the Glens Falls Civic Center.
The Class C teams they went up against in semifinal pool play — the Falconer Central Falcons, Thomas A. Edison Spartans and Voorheesville Blackbirds — were anything but slouches. Mattituck didn't win a single game, losing to each of those teams twice and going 0-6.
But it was the experience that they treasured the most.
"I can't really look at it in a bad way that we lost because we did so much to get here, so it's not so disappointing," outside hitter Jessica Boomer, one of Mattituck's 10 seniors, said after her team's last game. Mattituck defeated the Pierson/Bridgehampton Whalers in three games in the county final and then took down the Carle Place Frogs in four games in the Southeast Region final, bringing their record to 12-9.
After their final game in Glens Falls, the Tuckers and their coach, Frank Massa, received a standing ovation from their fans, who had made the trek upstate to support their team. Among the players, some tears were shed. They were tears of joy mixed with sadness. "I'm sad primarily because my volleyball career at Mattituck High School has to come to an end, but other than that, I'm so overwhelmingly proud of the team and myself for making it this far and playing so well," Mattituck senior middle hitter Kim Krupski said. Mattituck senior outside hitter Lilly McCullough said, "It's great to make history every once in a while."
Bob Liepa is the sports editor for Times Review Media Group, where he has worked since 1992. Raised in East Meadow, the Long Island native has won both Writer and Sportswriter of the Year from the New York State Press Association.
Email Bob Liepa Email Created with Sketch. Email Bob Liepa
12.24.2015	Education
Top Stories 2015: Hundreds of students opt out of state assessments
Only a portion of students were declared "proficient" in state math and English Language Arts exams this year, as...
No. 1 Story of the Year: Election Day turns into an election month
Typically, an election night is over sometime around midnight. All the votes are counted, a winner is declared and...
No. 2 Story of the Year: Public water never came to Orient
2010 began with no public water service in Orient and that's how the year ended as well. But, oh...
No. 3 Story of the Year: Regina Calcaterra, the candidate who wasn't
In the summer of 2009 corporate attorney Regina Calcaterra, a political unknown who had never before run for public...
No. 6 Story of the Year: School bonds passed in Greenport, voted down in Southold
In Charles Dickens' words, "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times," for local officials...
No. 7 Story of the Year: An undefeated regular season and a playoff loss for Southold
What a season it was for the Southold High School boys basketball team. The First Settlers will have fond...


text:
Roisin Murphy Simulation EP
In certain circles, Roisin Murphy is an icon. The Irish vocalist and former Moloko frontwoman […]
In certain circles, Roisin Murphy is an icon. The Irish vocalist and former Moloko frontwoman has maintained a lively solo career since her original outfit broke up, and in the past few years, she's appeared in seemingly unrelated places by collaborating with the likes of Crookers, David Morales, and Toddla T. Now, her latest unexpected venture is a silky, disco-leaning EP for Munich's Permanent Vacation imprint, an effort featuring an edit from New York house vet Eric Kupper and a remix crafted by Mano Le Tough.
Although she has certainly proven herself to be an exceptional singer, Roisin Murphy has never really been known as a virtuosic vocalist. Rather, she's built a career around the palpable and engaging attitude that marks her performances. Here, this takes the shape of a seductive confidence, as Murphy calmly rolls through lofty, symbolic phrases with an airy ease. The lyrics, which seem to stem from the Arthur Russell school of art-disco, are largely delivered in luscious layered harmonies riding atop the thumping beat. Credited to one Crooked Man, the production beneath Murphy's vocals is largely responsible for the tune's success. Sizzling right around 110 bpm, "Simulation" is built upon thick disco samples, giant hats, and a classically funky—but still classy—bassline that is just all kinds of irresistible. Both the underlying track and the sumptuous vocals ooze a certain kind of sex; it's not not brash and indulgent, but refined and smooth. Somehow, it works for 11 whole minutes.
Eric Kupper is responsible for the tune's dub edit, and while it uses the same building blocks as the original, it's somehow still a bit underwhelming. It's hard to put your finger on exactly why, but Kupper's version lacks a bit of the momentum which the full "Simulation" effortlessly displayed, maybe in part because the edit takes about four minutes to kick into full gear. Mano Le Tough's rework almost falls prey to the same pitfalls, and while his remix is meticulously built—adding dazzlingly detailed layers of percussion and arpeggiated synths—it too seems as if it's bound to go nowhere substantial for the first four minutes. Thankfully, the Berlin-based Irishman flips the bassline, opening up the track in its closing minutes and eventually making good on his reputation as a talented craftsman of dense, melodic dance music.
Posted byGlenn Jackson August 17, 2012 August 17, 2019 Posted inReviewsTags: Permanent Vacation, Roisin Murphy


text:
Audi Invents Windscreen That Can Transform Into A Giant TV
by Sebastian Cenizo Technology / Comments
Sci-fi is fast becoming reality.
Here at CarBuzz, we're fans of what the future of the automobile might bring from a technological sense, which is why we dedicate a fair bit of time to scouring patent offices from around the globe looking for new automotive inventions. We've come across some pretty interesting things in the past. Among these have been BMW's falcon doors, Ford's customizable headlights, and even a method of changing car color on the fly, as created by Audi. Audi is always looking to innovate, and its latest creation is something special. Just like in a science fiction film where images can be projected onto a glass surface, Audi has created a way to turn your windscreen into a cinema.
CarBuzz
Audi explains the invention as: "A display surface of a self-luminous screen element is divided into first and second display regions by a bend region. A selective shielding unit transmits light from the screen element along a preferred direction and blocks light along a blocking direction and/or deflects light from the blocking direction. When installed in a motor vehicle, the display device faces a surface region at a distance from the screen element on which a reflection of the display content displayed on the second display region is visible from a predetermined viewing point. In this case, the preferred direction of the selective shielding unit in the second display region is oriented toward the surface region, and the blocking direction in the second display region is oriented toward the predetermined viewing point."
That's all rather complicated, but it basically means that the system can project an image onto the screen via a light bar that acts as both transmitter of light towards the screen for the occupants to view images and as a barrier to unwanted light from behind the holographic "image" that could distort it. This implies that the screen could be visible even in daylight. The screen could be used for "entertainment functions and operating information of the motor vehicle." The filing indicates that a polarization filter could prevent the effect of so-called double images and also suggests that the system would be able to project various versions of the same image so that you see a clear image regardless of the angle from which you view the screen.
This self-luminous screen is bent or folded at an angle of fewer than 180 degrees for one viewing angle and over that number for another angle. Whichever angle you're viewing from, a shielding unit can block light. What this could mean is that the driver could have a much more advanced version of today's typical head-up display while the passenger could watch a film or other media on a full screen. The position of the viewer in the car would determine what that person sees, so neither the driver nor the passenger is distracted by what the other individual is watching. This could make journeys much more enjoyable for passengers and much more informative for drivers. When autonomous vehicles arrive, as foreshadowed by the likes of Audi's Grandsphere concept, all occupants could take advantage of in-car entertainment on a previously unseen scale.
If this invention is pursued, it'll likely only arrive in at least a decade, so don't expect to see it on the next Audi A8.
Tags: #Audi News #Design #Luxury #Scoop #Technology
Dealers Are Selling 2016 VW Touareg TDI Models For $70,000
Electric Car Charging Stations
All you need to know about EV charging
Should I Buy a New or Used Car?
A guide to choosing between a brand-new or pre-owned vehicle
2021 BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe Review: A Pragmatic And Premium Grand Tourer
2022 Audi A7 Sportback Review: Power Cruiser
2021 Audi A8 Review: Quietly Competent
2021 Audi S8 Review: Undercover Luxury Sportiness
2022 BMW 7 Series Review: Large And In Charge


San Francisco, Calif. — September 3, 2013 — Loggly, the world's most popular cloud-based log management service, has attracted $10.5 million in new capital from high-profile tech investors eager to support the company's rapid growth. Incumbent investors Trinity Ventures, True Ventures and Matrix Partners were joined in the new round — which increased total venture financing in Loggly to $20.9 million — by leaders including Cisco and Data Collective Venture Capital, whose team's Big Data focus led to early stage investments in pioneers such as MemSQL, Square and Couchbase.
Cisco and Data Collective are joining the Loggly family at a time when market forces are propelling the San Francisco company to new heights. The business grew 5X over the last year. The company also announced today the availability of it's second generation platform which is expected to accelerate the company's growth.
Cloud-centric businesses — organizations who conduct their business primarily over the Internet like e-commerce, gaming, social-media, mobile, advertising, SaaS and the like — rely heavily on cloud applications and infrastructure to operate. These businesses generate tremendous volumes of log data every day, creating an opportunity for companies with the proper analytical tools to use the data to optimize systems and improve business performance. Loggly was the first cloud service designed specifically for this customer group and use case. Its Responsive Log Management TM platform is used by over 3,500 companies, including Electronic Arts, Intuit, PGI, Salesforce, Samsung and Uber, to capture, analyze, monitor and report on log data in real time.
"Cloud-based IT solutions are democratizing IT and bringing powerful solutions to companies that don't want the cost and complexity of legacy software systems. We've seen other high-performing companies across our portfolio like New Relic, MongoHQ, StackMob and dotCloud leverage this strategy to successfully reach tens of thousands of customers. We couldn't be more excited to watch the same process unfold at Loggly," said Dan Scholnick, General Partner at Trinity Ventures.


Math is constantly happening at our house. And right now, tally marks, as well as skip counting by obscure numbers, have been hugely popular. Decimals too, but I have yet to find a suitable activity for my math-loving five year old to cover that topic! Anyway, the simple tally marks elementary math tray that I assembled was a hit and spurred more tally marks love in our house. So I came up with this simple math busy bag idea to further explore tally marks. We ended up using it in a variety of ways.
I wrote individual numbers on the clothespins (0-9). I made two of each for most of the numbers. I did not do two eights or two nines because I wasn't about to draw up to 99 tallies on one craft stick. That would be crazy. And I'm not that crazy.
As for the craft sticks, I drew tally marks for the numbers 10-35. Or in other words, I drew enough tallies to make me cross-eyed and to deplete my supply of craft sticks.
One way to play with these tally mark sticks is to organize them in numerical order, like below. J loved doing this both vertically and horizontally. He also organized them by skip counting by fives (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35) and by tens (10, 20, 30).
Another way to play with the tally marks sticks is to count the tallies and clip on the corresponding number using the clothespins.
We also played a number scavenger hunt. I'd simply call out a number and then J would hunt for the matching craft stick.
Finally, J asked to put them on the light table. J would pick a tally mark craft stick and then count out the corresponding number of items. He used acrylic pumpkins and acorns from the dollar store. It is fall after all!
I love everything about this, Dyan! We've been doing a bit with tally charts lately. I've also been gathering ideas for busy bags. This is perfect!
Thanks, Ann! It's so simple isn't it?


text:
Haviland, Laura Smith
Laura Smith Haviland's entire life is a tie to the philanthropic sector. She worked tirelessly as a volunteer in helping slaves obtain freedom, educating and caring for former slaves and orphans. Laura is a prime example of selfless love given to others over a lifetime.
Kimberly Fox
Biographical Highlights
Laura Smith Haviland was a pioneer social activist who devoted her life to others. In 1837, she co-founded with her husband, Charles, the Raisin Institute, one of the first schools in the United States to admit black students. She also organized one of the first stations on the underground railroad in Michigan (Lenawee County 2004).
Called "Aunt Laura" among her extended family, Laura Haviland was very involved in an anti-slavery movement," (Haviland) serving as Superintendent and Stationmaster on the Underground Railroad. After the Civil War, she became an officer in the Freedman's Aid Society, assisting in the relocation and adjustment of former slaves in Kansas. Laura also worked for the temperance movement, helping to create state schools for dependent children in Coldwater and Adrian in Michigan (Lenawee County 2004).
Laura Smith Haviland was a small frontier woman with ideals of nineteenth-century Wesleyan Methodists. She was born to Rev. Daniel Smith (a native of New York) and Sene Blancher (a native of Vermont), in Canada on December 20, 1808 (Haviland). Laura grew up in the Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers. She married Charles Haviland, also a devout Quaker, when she was 16 (Haines 1977).
After her marriage to Charles Haviland she became involved in the Logan Female Anti-Slavery Society which led the Havilands to leave the Society of Friends. The Quakers were divided over the issue of slavery with some feeling it was right to break the law to help free slaves and others wanting to leave the matter to God (Krcatovich 1999).
In 1826, Laura's parents moved to southeastern Michigan near Adrian, and three years later were joined by Charles, Laura and two children. Their home was a 16 by 18 foot log cabin, and it was here that Laura raised her family and had a total of eight children. She was devoted to human need, serving as a nurse to ill neighbors (Havilands.com).
Although her story is mentioned in only a few history books, Laura Smith Haviland is an important example of how much one person can accomplish so much in a lifetime to end suffering in the world (Krcatovich 1999).
In the early 1830s, Laura helped organize the first anti-slavery society in Michigan, and it was then that she and Charles established the first station on the Underground Railroad in the state. The Railroad helped escaped slaves travel to Canada undetected in order to gain their freedom (Haviland). The Havilands took great personal risk with The Railroad being in violation of the Fugitive Slave Law. It is not known how many slaves found freedom through the junction, but it is estimated between 40,000 and 100,000 (Haines 1977).
Laura became a schoolteacher, instructing the orphans of the county. Her concern for these children led to her found the Raisin Institute in 1836, insisting that it be open to all regardless of race, sex, or creed—an unusual practice for the day (Haviland). The school started with nine children from the poorhouse to learn basic education and a skilled trade to move them out of poverty. The education of blacks was forbidden in many states and the school was the first to teach blacks in Michigan. The school prepared blacks to teach, showed that whites and black could work together, and was often a refuge for runaway slaves (Krcatovich 1999).
In 1841, the Havilands joined Wolf Creek, the first Wesleyan Methodist church in Michigan's Lenawee County. In contrast to her experience with the Quakers, Laura was now free to fight slavery among fellow worshipers (Havilands.com).
Much of the Haviland's family was claimed by an epidemic and she later had dreams of a slave at her door with bloody feet and shackles on his ankles. She felt that was a sign for her to take a more active role in the antislavery movement (Futgate 1997). After Charles's death, Laura increased her involvement in the Underground Railroad. In 1846-47, she was successful in derailing the efforts of a group of Southern men to return a family of escaped slaves back into slavery (Havilands.com).
Laura often traveled with escaped slaves and educated them in Ohio and Canada where many settled. In 1852, she started a school with her sister in Toledo. They also established a church and school in Windsor, Canada. Laura felt that it was important for former slaves to read and write as protection from being further oppressed by whites who would have them sign contracts they couldn't read (Krcatovich 1999).
The Underground Railroad came to a halt when the Civil War began. By 1863, many of Haviland's students had enlisted as soldiers. Laura headed south to assist black families who were left homeless by the war. She left home with $15 in cash, supplies, blankets, clothing and food (Krcatovich 1999). Laura secured recommendations from the governor and a congressman to travel to Mississippi in order to minister to wounded soldiers and former slaves. She succeeded in having a head of one military hospital removed because of his cruelty and neglect, and successfully intervened on behalf of 3,000 Union soldiers imprisoned on islands in the Gulf of Mexico. She later went to Kansas to minister to refugees (Havilands.com).
Following the war, Laura became a representative for the Freedman's Aid Bureau, being paid for the first time for her work in obtaining supplies and setting up schools for refugees. She sold the Raisin Institute to the State of Michigan and traveled to Washington, D.C. to inquire about assistance for freed slaves there. With conditions for blacks were poor in Washington D.C., she moved the children north where they were given an education and taught about industry (Krcatovich 1999).
By 1879, many blacks were fleeing from the South into Kansas, where the Klu Klux Klan was making life unbearable. Laura traveled to Kansas to assist the refugees and helped found an educational institution for them. In 1883, she went to Washington, D.C. to obtain financial support from Congress and then returned to minister in a mission in Hell's Half Acre of Kansas City. Her efforts led to the naming of Haviland, Kansas in her honor (Havilands.com). Laura became involved in the temperance movement and fought for women's right to vote (Krcatovich 1999).
In 1881, Laura wrote her autobiography, A Woman's Life Work. In it, she summarizes her philosophy as, "Is it not the duty of every Christian to bring his or her religion into every line of life work, and act as conscientiously in politics as in church work? Sanctified common sense is loudly called for on the highway of holiness. In whatever condition or station in life we find ourselves, are we not our brother's keeper in a more extensive view than we are prone to conceive?" (Havilands.com).
In 1898, Laura Smith Haviland died. A statue of her titled, "A tribute to a life consecrated to the betterment of humanity," stands in front of Adrian City Hall. Above a drinking fountain at her feet are the words, "I was thirsty and ye gave me drink" (Haines 1977).
Laura Smith Haviland's entire life is a tie to the philanthropic sector. She worked tirelessly as a volunteer in helping slaves obtain freedom, and educated and cared for former slaves and orphans. With the term philanthropy meaning, "for the love of mankind," Laura is a prime example of selfless love given to others over a lifetime.
Abolitionism: a political movement that sought to abolish slavery and the slave trade starting with The Enlightenment and then expanding to a large movement in several nations in the 19th century (Wikipedia).
Slavery: under European rule, slavery began with the importation of white European slaves (or indentured servants), and was followed by the enslavement of local aborigines in the Caribbean. As these native populations declined through disease, Africa became the primarly source of slaves (Wikipedia).
Underground Railroad: citizens helped slaves escape from the South, via the Underground Railroad which was a secret, often informal, organization of safe hiding places and people willing to provide transportation. By day, runaway slaves hid in buildings or underground cellars called stations, and at night, they traveled north. Station operators gave the slaves food, warm clothing and a place to sleep. Operators gave slaves directions or transportation to the next station which was often ten to fifteen miles away. The Underground Railroad operated primarily between 1830 and 1861 (Michigan.gov 2003).
The Temperance Movement: in the United States, the term Temperance Movement is sometimes applied specifically to the period starting around 1845 and ending when the Prohabition began in 1918 with the passage of the Volstead Act. The movement blamed many of society's ills, including joblessness and domestic violence, on the drinking of alcoholic beverages, and tried to persuade people to abstain from these by becoming teetotalers (Wikipedia).
Important People Related to the Topic
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895): Douglass was an American abolitionist. Fearing capture as a fugitive slave, he spent several years in England and Ireland, returning in 1847 after English friends had purchased his freedom. During the Civil War, he helped organize two regiments of Massachusetts African Americans and urged other blacks to join Union ranks. During Reconstruction, he continued to urge civil rights for African Americans (The Expanded Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 2003).
Sojourner Truth (1797-1883): Truth was an American abolitionist and a freed slave. She was originally named Isabella and was born in Ulster County, New York. In 1843, convinced that she heard heavenly voices, left domestic employment in New York City, adopted the name Sojourner Truth, and traveled throughout the North preaching emancipation and women's rights. She spoke with great effectiveness
despite being unable to read (The Expanded Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 2003).
Harriet Tubman (1820-1913): Tubman is the most well-known of all the Underground Railroad's "conductors." During a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom. And, as she once proudly pointed out to Frederick Douglass, in all of her journeys she "never lost a single passenger" (Public Broadcast System).
Related Nonprofit Organizations
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in New York City in 1909 and works for the protection and enhancement of the civil rights of African Americans and other minorities (http://www.naacp.org).
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was created by Martin Luther King to help coordinate nonviolent protest, such as sit-ins, voter registration drives, and other civil rights events. Today, SCLC promotes and works for the civil and human rights for African American and also for blacks in other countries (http://sclcnational.org).
United Negro College Fund (UNCF) provides minority higher education assistance in the way of operating funds and technology enhancement services for 39 member historically black colleges and universities, scholarships and internships for students at about 900 institutions, and faculty and administrative professional training (http://www.uncf.org).
AfricanAmericans.com Web site, at http://www.africanamericans.com, provides information on Activism, African Origins, Biographies, Black Films, Census Facts, Civil Rights, Speeches, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Notable Women, Timeline, and much more.
African American World Web site, at http://www.pbs.org/program/retired-site/, offers a Timeline from the 1400s to present day and an abundance of resources and information for children and adults relating to African American history and culture.
Gateway Black History Web site, at http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/blackhis, is a site of the U.S. Department of State that offers information on Black History Month, Martin Luther King, Jr., Art and Culture, Black History Stamps, and much more.
The Underground Railroad Web site, at https://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/, provides a unique online experience where the user can travel the journey of a slave on the Underground Railroad.
Bibliography and Internet Sources
Futgate, Sandy. For the Benefit of All: A History of Philanthropy in Michigan. Battle Creek: W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 1997. ISBN: 1-891445-00-6.
Haines, Lee. Laura Smith Haviland: Wesleyan Pioneer. 1977. Women's History: The Unsung Hero. Accessed 6 October 2004.
http://historyswomen.com/womenoffaith/LauraSmithHaviland.htm.
Havilands.com. Mrs. Laura (Smith) Haviland - Philanthropist / Slavery Abolitionist. Accessed 26 September 2004.
http://havilands.org/HavilandsCom/Biographies/LauraSmithHaviland/index.html.
Krcatovich, Gina. "A Lifetime of Fighting for Freedom." Senior Times January 7, 1999. Flashers Publishers. Accessed 26 September 2004. http://www.theflashes.net/seniortimes/jan99/stories/010699/ftr_freedom.html.
Lenawee County Michigan Genealogy on the Web. Lenawee County Michigan Monument # 11 Dedicated to Laura Smith Haviland. 2004. Accessed 6 October 2004. http://www.geocities.com/lenaweemi/monu11.html.
Michigan.Gov. State of Michigan. The Underground Railroad. 2003. Accessed 7 October 2004. http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/explore/
museums/hismus/prehist/civilwar/undergro.html.
Public Broadcasting System. Harriet Tubman. 1995 – 2004. Accessed 11 October 2004.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html.
The Expanded Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 2003. Columbia University Press. Truth, Sojourner. Accessed 7 October 2004.
https://www.history.com/perl/print_book.pl?ID=117792.
Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Temperance Movement. Accessed 7 October 2004.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperance_movement.
This paper was developed by a student taking a Philanthropic Studies course taught at Ferris State University - Grand Rapids Campus. It is offered by Learning To Give and Ferris State University - Grand Rapids Campus.
Towne, Laura Matilda
Tubman, Harriet
Benezet, Anthony


Comments: INCLUDES UNUSED ACCESS CODES - no markings or highlights - CLEAN - SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!
Comments: Great used condition. Includes on-line resource code. Over 1,000,000 satisfied customers since 1997! We ship daily M-F. Choose expedited shipping (if available) for much faster delivery. Delivery confirmation on all US orders.


text:
Frequency of administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for the anaemia of end-stage kidney disease in dialysis patients
Anaemia (having too few red blood cells) is a major cause of tiredness and other problems often experienced by people on dialysis. Dialysis is treatment for kidney disease using an artificial kidney machine (haemodialysis) or by exchanging fluid through a tube in the abdomen (peritoneal dialysis).
Manufactured erythropoietin (a hormone that increases red blood cell production) improves anaemia and is often prescribed for people on dialysis. Several different forms of manufactured erythropoietin that can be given less often are now available.
We looked at evidence from 33 studies that involved over 5500 people that were published before March 2013 to find out if how often erythropoietin agents are given to people who are receiving dialysis can help to improve anaemia.
We found that the newer erythropoietin agents given less often (weekly to every four weeks) resulted in similar correction of anaemia compared with older agents (given two to three times per week) for people on haemodialysis. We did not find any significant differences in side effects between the newer and older agents, but not all studies reported information on side effects.
There was not enough information about use of these agents for children or people on peritoneal dialysis to determine if less frequent administration was effective for these groups of people.
This review updates information previously published in 2002 and 2005.
Longer-acting ESA (darbepoetin and CERA) administered at one to four week intervals are non-inferior to rHuEPO given one to three times/week in terms of achieving haemoglobin targets without any significant differences in adverse events in haemodialysis patients. Additional RCTs are required to evaluate different frequencies of ESA in peritoneal and paediatric dialysis patients and to compare different longer-acting ESA (such as darbepoetin compared with CERA).
The benefits of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) for dialysis patients have been demonstrated. However, it remains unclear whether the efficacy and safety of new, longer-acting ESA given less frequently is equivalent to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) preparations. This is an update of a review first published in 2002 and last updated in 2005.
This review aimed to establish the optimal frequency of ESA administration in terms of effectiveness (correction of anaemia, and freedom from adverse events) and efficiency (optimal resource use) of different ESA dose regimens.
We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register to 21 March 2013 through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review.
We included randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing different frequencies of ESA administration in dialysis patients.
Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias and extracted data. Results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) or risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes. For continuous outcomes the mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used. Statistical analyses were performed using the random-effects model.
This review included 33 studies (5526 participants), 22 of which were added for this update. Risk of bias was generally high; only nine studies were assessed at low risk of bias for sequence generation and 14 studies for allocation concealment. Although only four studies were placebo-controlled, all were considered to be at low risk of performance or detection bias because the primary outcome of haemoglobin level was a laboratory-derived assessment and unlikely to be influenced by lack of blinding. We found that 16 studies were at low risk of attrition bias and five were at low risk of selection bias; only one study reporting sources of support was not funded by a pharmaceutical company.
We compared four different interventions: Continuous erythropoietin receptor agonists (CERA) versus other ESA (darbepoetin or rHuEPO); different frequencies of darbepoetin administration; darbepoetin versus rHuEPO; and different frequencies of rHuEPO administration.
There were no significant differences in maintaining final haemoglobin between CERA administered at two weekly intervals (4 studies, 1762 participants: MD 0.08 g/dL, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.21) or four weekly intervals (two studies, 1245 participants: MD -0.03 g/dL, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.12) compared with rHuEPO administered at two to three weekly intervals. In one study comparing CERA administered every two weeks with darbepoetin administered once/week, there was no significant difference in final haemoglobin (313 participants: MD 0.30 g/dL, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.55). In comparisons of once/week with once every two weeks darbepoetin (two studies, 356 participants: MD 0.04 g/dL, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.52) and once every two weeks with monthly darbepoetin (one study, 64 participants: MD 0.40 g/dL, 95% CI -0.37 to 1.17) there were no significant differences in final haemoglobin levels. There was marked heterogeneity among studies comparing weekly darbepoetin with once every two weeks and was possibly related to different administration protocols. Eight studies compared weekly darbepoetin with rHuEPO given two to three times/week; no statistical difference in final haemoglobin was demonstrated (6 studies, 1638 participants: MD 0.02 g/dL, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.12). Fourteen studies compared different frequencies of rHuEPO. No statistical difference was demonstrated in final haemoglobin (7 studies, 393 participants: SMD -0.17 g/dL, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.05). Adverse events did not differ significantly within comparisons; however, mortality and quality of life were poorly reported, particularly in earlier publications.
Child health > Kidney disease > End-stage kidney disease
Kidney disease > End-stage kidney disease > General management
Hahn D, Cody JD, Hodson EM
Kidney and Transplant Group
Hahn D, Cody JD, Hodson EM. Frequency of administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for the anaemia of end-stage kidney disease in dialysis patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD003895. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003895.pub3


Detroit Radiant Products Company manufacturers gas-fired infrared Radiant Heaters, electric infrared heaters, gas radiant tube heaters, hot air unit heaters, and LED bay lighting for commercial, industrial, residential, and outdoor patio applications.
Our distributors offer complete, no-charge design assistance. Local representatives are factory trained and will aid in heat-loss calculations, equipment selection, and much more.