text:
Method and Device for Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition on the Inner Wall of a Hollow Body
The invention relates to a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body (42). The method involves introducing a gas lance (44) into the hollow body (42) and forming a cavity plasma (45) to form a plasma cloud arranged at the tip of the gas lance by applying an electric radio-frequency field to an RF electrode (41).
Nöll, Oliver (Schwalmstadt, DE)
Ralf Stein (Dortmund, DE)
428/34.1
118/723I, 156/345.33, 216/67, 427/569, 427/576, 427/578
H05H1/24; B32B1/00; C23C16/505; C23F1/00; H01L21/306
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Other References:
Takao, JP2005-022727, 01-2005, English machine translation of full document (abstract translation provided by applicants).
MILLER, JR, JOSEPH ALBERT
CESARI AND MCKENNA, LLP (ONE LIBERTY SQUARE SUITE 310, BOSTON, MA, 02109, US)
1. Method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body, in particular composed of a non-metallic material, having a cross-sectional area, a longitudinal extent and at least one opening, comprising the following steps: introducing the hollow body to be coated on its inner side into a vacuum chamber with an earthed inner side, a large-area radio-frequency electrode being arranged in the interior of the vacuum chamber, positioning the hollow body in the centre of the vacuum chamber, it being necessary to comply with a minimum distance of 15 cm on all sides between the outer wall of the hollow body and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, introducing a gas lance comprising a tube having an internal diameter of 0.001-10 mm, a maximum external diameter of 12 mm and a terminal nozzle having a terminal opening diameter of 0.002-6 mm through the opening into the hollow body, the gas lance being connected to a gas feed unit via a non-electrically conductive gas line and, in particular, not being earthed or being in electrically conductive contact with the radio-frequency electrode, positioning the gas lance in the hollow body in such a way that the gas lance is positioned centrally relative to the cross section of the hollow body and the nozzle of the gas lance, relative to the longitudinal extent of the hollow body, is arranged in the region of the transition from the second longitudinal third to the third longitudinal third, measured from the opening of the hollow body, closing the vacuum chamber and evacuating the latter to a residual pressure of 0.001-20 pascals, introducing an inert working gas and also one or a plurality of reaction gases via the gas feed unit and the gas lance into the hollow body, and igniting a cavity plasma to form a plasma cloud arranged at the tip of the gas lance, by applying an electric radio-frequency field to the RF electrode.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the radio-frequency electrode in the interior of the vacuum chamber has at least two leads via which radio-frequency voltages can be fed into the radio-frequency electrode.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode are adjusted separately in such a way that a homogeneous alternating field having uniformly high field strengths can be generated in the entire chamber.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said hollow body has an opening whose narrowest diameter is narrower than the narrowest diameter of the inner space of the hollow body.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said hollow body has an internal volume >0.1 ccm3 and <1,000,000 ccm3.
6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working gas is a gas selected from the group containing argon, helium, hydrogen, oxygen or a different gas.
7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction gas is a gas selected from the group containing oxygen.
8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction gas is a gas selected from the group containing hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, ethene, ethyne, propane or silane gases such as tetramethylsilane or hexamethyldisiloxane.
9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma is ignited by applying a DC voltage radio-frequency field with the following parameters: frequency: 10 kHz-100 GHz electrical power: 500-5000 W
10. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of reaction gas to be introduced for the coating is 0.1-10 scm3 of reaction gas per 10 cm2 of inner surface to be coated.
11. Method according claim 1, characterized in that the reaction gas is doped with one or more gases containing Si, N, F, B, O, Ag, Cu, V or Ti.
12. Hollow body having an inner surface, characterized in that the latter was treated by a method according to any of the preceding claims in such a way that a material removal was performed on the inner surface and/or the latter was provided with a coating.
13. Hollow body according to claim 12, characterized in that said hollow body is a hollow body selected from the group containing vessels, bottles, containers, cannulas, hollow needles, syringes, inner walls of cylinder bores in internal combustion engines.
14. Device for carrying out a method according to claim 1, comprising a vacuum chamber with a radio-frequency electrode arranged at the bottom of the chamber, and with a mount for a hollow body to be coated on the inner side, a gas lance comprising a tube having an internal diameter of 0.001-10 mm, a maximum external diameter of 12 mm, and a terminal nozzle having a terminal opening diameter of 0.002-4 mm, which is connected to a gas feed unit via a non-electrically conductive line, and a height-adjustable mount that can be used to ensure that the gas lance can be positioned in the hollow body in such a way that the gas lance is positioned centrally relative to the cross section of the hollow body and the nozzle of the gas lance, relative to the longitudinal extent of the hollow body, is arranged in the region of the transition from the second longitudinal third to the third longitudinal third, measured from the opening of the hollow body.
15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the radio-frequency electrode in the interior of the vacuum chamber has at least three leads via which radio-frequency voltages can be fed into the radio-frequency electrode.
16. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode can be adjusted separately in such a way that a homogeneous alternating field having uniformly high field strengths can be generated in the entire chamber.
17. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode are adjusted separately in such a way that a homogeneous alternating field having uniformly high field strengths can be generated in the entire chamber.
18. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said hollow body has an opening whose narrowest diameter is narrower than the narrowest diameter of the inner space of the hollow body.
The invention relates to a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body.
Such methods are known by the generic terms plasma coating (PECVD, "Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition") or ion etching and plasma etching.
In this context, a workpiece is introduced into a vacuum chamber and fixed there. The chamber is evacuated to a residual gas pressure in the high-vacuum or ultra high-vacuum range and an inert working gas is admitted. A low-pressure plasma is subsequently ignited by feeding in an RF field via an RF electrode arranged in the vacuum chamber. An ionized gas is produced in this case, said gas containing an appreciable proportion of rapidly moving free charge carriers such as ions or electrons.
In PECVD, besides the working gas further reaction gases, as they are called, are fed into the chamber, which gases can be, in particular, carbon-containing or silicon-containing gases. In the low-pressure plasma, the electrons have such high energies that chemical reactions between the gas constituents and constituents of the surface of the workpiece are possible which are not possible at thermal equilibrium. Layers form on the surface of the workpiece in this way, which layers can comprise carbon or silicon oxide, for example, depending on the reaction gas. It is thus possible for example to produce high-strength, low-friction and biocompatible diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings which are used e.g. in implants, gearwheels and the like.
Ion etching and plasma etching, by contrast, involve removing material from the surface of the workpiece in order e.g. to clean the latter. For this purpose, the ions of the low-pressure plasma generated have to have a certain minimum energy. The acceleration of argon ions in the high vacuum in the direction of the substrate to be processed has the effect that, upon impingement, momentum is transferred from the high-energy ions to the substrate and the surface of the latter is sputtered and removed uniformly.
In plasma etching, moreover, the etching is effected by a chemical reaction. In this case, instead of pure argon a reactive gas such as oxygen, for example, is fed to the plasma.
Both PECVD and also ion etching and plasma etching have proved to be extremely worthwhile in the surface treatment of workpieces. However, at least when a plasma is generated by radio-frequency excitation, neither of these methods is suitable for coating or for etching the inner surfaces of hollow bodies such as e.g. containers, bottles, tubes, cannulas, bores and the like.
This is due to the fact that conductive hollow bodies form a Faraday cage in the electric field. The ions produced are oriented according to the field lines of said electric field. Since these run along and around the outer wall of the hollow body but not through its inner volume, an inner coating is not physically possible in a straightforward manner. In order to circumvent this effect, the plasma has to be brought into the inner volume of the hollow body. In this case, a negative area replacing the role of the inner wall of the chamber as negative area would have to be introduced into the inner volume. In this case, the size of the negative area must in principle be at least twice as large as the surface to be coated, in order to ensure a deposition sufficient for the layer construction.
Accordingly, it is practically not possible to comply with this principle within a hollow body.
In the case of a cylindrical hollow body, by way of example, the inner surface area of the cylinder wall is A=2 πrh. A planar electrode, set up perpendicularly in the hollow body, could have at most a surface area of 2 rh, however, that is to say would be smaller than the surface to be coated by a factor of 3.14 rather than being twice as large according to the technical requirement.
Similar relationships hold true for other hollow bodies such as e.g. cones and truncated cones or complexly shaped hollow bodies.
DE 197 26 443 describes a method for surface refinement of inner surfaces of hollow bodies in which the plasma is ignited by a hollow cathode corona discharge. What is disadvantageous here is that only relatively short hollow bodies in which the depth does not exceed the opening diameter can be coated from the inside. A variant that enables longer hollow bodies to be coated on the inside provides for the hollow cathode to be inserted into the hollow body and to run along the inner side. Thus, although longer hollow bodies can be coated on the inside, they nevertheless have to have a rectilinear wall course.
EP 1 548 149 describes a method for forming a thin oxide coating on the inner side of a hollow body. In this case, a hollow body to be coated on the inner side is introduced into a cylindrical chamber that functions as an RF electrode. A gas tube, which simultaneously functions as an earth electrode, is introduced into the interior of the hollow body.
The disadvantage of this method resides in the formation of the layer properties. The gas tube functions as an earth electrode in the device described in EP 1 548 149. For this reason, the layer properties (hardness, thickness, lattice structure of the deposition, purity of the layer, doping with functional elements, water-repelling or -absorbing) cannot be established as desired.
It is not possible to establish and control these properties in the case of an introduced earth electrode which, with respect to its area, is smaller by a factor of 1 than the area to be coated.
DE3821815 discloses a device for coating an inner wall of a hollow body with a diamond-like hard carbon coating with the aid of a plasma-assisted CVD method. In this case, a process gas containing at least one hydrocarbon gas is conducted through the interior of the unheated hollow body, in which a plasma excites the process gas, wherein it is dissociated and ionized and the resulting ions, for forming the coating, are accelerated onto the inner wall to be coated. The device has an RF generator connected to the hollow body, with an earthing arrangement for forming the plasma between the hollow body and the earthing arrangement and with a feed line opening into the interior of the hollow body for the controlled introduction of the process gas into the interior of the hollow body. The earthing arrangement is connected to a vacuum housing into which the interior of the hollow body leads and which surrounds the hollow body at a distance from the lead-in junction.
This device has proved to be unsuitable in practice, for various reasons. Thus, in the method carried out with this device, not only the inner wall of said hollow body but also the outer wall thereof is coated. Furthermore, this device is only suitable for the coating of hollow bodies having a rectilinear inner course (so-called "blind holes"), that is to say e.g. not for container-like vessels having a narrowed neck.
An additional factor is that in this device the hollow body itself functions as an electrode since it is conductively connected to the radio-frequency electrode. This is necessary in this device since otherwise the field strength of the electromagnetic alternating field generated would not suffice to ensure an inner coating. The penetration depth of an electromagnetic alternating field generated only by the radio-frequency electrode in the base region of the vacuum chamber (that is to say the maximum thickness of an if appropriate metallic material through which the alternating field penetrates with sufficient strength still to initiate a coating reaction) is in the region of 2 cm in this device. Therefore, in this device, hollow bodies having a larger wall thickness have to rely on the fact that they themselves function as an electrode; therefore, they must necessarily be composed of metal.
Furthermore, it has been found that the geometries of the hollow bodies to be coated are very limited. Thus, despite describing that besides workpieces having a ratio of tube diameter to tube length in the range of between 20 mm to 60 mm and 2 mm to 20 mm, tube diameters of greater than 20 mm and less than 2 mm, respectively, can also be coated with this device, this has been found to be problematic in practice.
Therefore, the abovementioned method is not suitable for a large number of applications in which hollow bodies having a larger internal diameter are intended to be coated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body which does not have the disadvantages mentioned.
This object is achieved by means of a method having the features of newly presented claim 1. The dependent claims specify preferred embodiments.
It should be taken into account here that value ranges delimited by numerical values should always be understood as inclusive of the relevant numerical values.
Accordingly, provision is made of a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body, in particular composed of a non-metallic material, having a cross-sectional area, a longitudinal extent and at least one opening. The method has the following steps:
1. introducing the hollow body to be coated on its inner side into a vacuum chamber with an earthed inner side, a large-area radio-frequency electrode being arranged in the interior of the vacuum chamber,
2. positioning the hollow body in the centre of the vacuum chamber, it being necessary to comply with a minimum distance of 15 cm on all sides between the outer wall of the hollow body and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber,
3. introducing a gas lance comprising a tube having an internal diameter of 0.001-10 mm, a maximum external diameter of 12 mm and a terminal nozzle having a terminal opening diameter of 0.002-6 mm through the opening into the hollow body, the gas lance being connected to a gas feed unit via a non-electrically conductive line and, in particular, not being earthed or being in electrically conductive contact with the radio-frequency electrode,
4. positioning the gas lance in the hollow body in such a way that the gas lance is positioned centrally relative to the cross section of the hollow body and the nozzle of the gas lance, relative to the longitudinal extent of the hollow vessel, is arranged in the region of the transition from the second longitudinal third to the third longitudinal third, measured from the opening of the hollow body,
5. closing the vacuum chamber and evacuating the latter to a residual pressure of 0.001-5 pascals,
6. introducing an inert working gas and also one or a plurality of reaction gases via the gas feed unit and the gas lance into the hollow body, and
7. igniting a cavity plasma to form a plasma cloud arranged at the tip of the gas lance, by applying an electric radio-frequency field to the RF electrode.
It is relevant here that the hollow body to be coated is not earthed. It is preferably provided here that the vacuum chamber is evacuated to a residual pressure of 0.01-2 pascals. Particularly preferably, the vacuum chamber is evacuated to a residual pressure of 0.1-1 pascal.
What is important in this method is that the gas lance is not grounded or earthed, but rather is electrically insulated. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that said gas lance is insulated with the aid of a PTFE ring (polytetrafluoroethylene) and the gas supply line within the chamber interior is produced from PTFE. Suitable hollow bodies to be coated include, in principle, all possible hollow bodies, that is to say not only hollow bodies closed on one side (such as e.g. vessels, containers, etc.) but also tubular hollow bodies without a base, such as e.g. cannulas, bodies having a through hole or tubes. The latter hollow bodies have to be closed off with a cover or stopper on one side prior to coating.
In both cases care must be taken to ensure that the gas lance is arranged in the hollow body in such a way that the gas lance is positioned centrally relative to the cross section of the hollow body and the nozzle of the gas lance, relative to the longitudinal extent of the hollow vessel, is arranged in the region of the transition from the second longitudinal third to the third longitudinal third, measured from the opening of the hollow body. This means that the gas lance has to be advanced to relatively just before the bottom of the vessel (or before the second opening of the hollow body closed off with a cover or stopper). A minimum distance of 10 cm has to be complied with here. In the case of substrate objects having a depth of 10 cm or less, the tip of the gas lance is positioned directly above the opening of the hollow body.
In principle, low-pressure plasmas as in the present invention ensure a larger mean free path length λ of the gas molecules and therefore delay the formation of a plasma. The arrangement of the gas lance according to the invention has the effect, by contrast, that the gas molecules emerging from the gas lance collide with the bottom of the vessel or the abovementioned cover or stopper as a result of their acceleration. This promotes the gas dissociation process and the formation of a plasma. For this reason, a comparatively lower strength of the electromagnetic alternating field is sufficient, that is to say that it is not necessary for the hollow body that is to be coated itself to function as an electrode.
Preferably, the minimum distance between the outer wall of the hollow body and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber is 15 cm. The maximum distance, by contrast, is given by the dimensioning of the vacuum chamber used.
The gas lance has preferably an internal diameter of 0.005-6 mm and particularly preferably an internal diameter of 0.01-6 mm or 0.1-6 mm and a maximum external diameter of 10 or 8 mm. The terminal nozzle preferably has a terminal opening diameter of 0.01-3 or 0.1 to 2 mm.
The arrangement and dimensioning of the gas lance ensure that the plasma forms only at the tip of the gas lance, i.e. only in the interior of the hollow body to be coated. Since the gas molecules experience their greatest acceleration at the instant of the plasma-induced dissociation, this acceleration fully benefits the treatment of the inner surface of the hollow body. Therefore, it is also possible to dispense with an electrode in the interior of the hollow body.
In this way, a plasma is enabled to be ignited and maintained only in the interior of the hollow body. This type of plasma is referred to as "cavity plasma" hereinafter. This ensures that said hollow body is coated only on the inner side and not on its outer side.
The plasma-induced molecular dissociation takes place at the instant at which the gas mixture leaves the lance nozzle. It takes place with the formation of very short-wave light.
The splitting energy released during dissociation accelerates the what is now truly "plasma matter" to approximately 250,000 km/h. On account of this acceleration, the carbon impinges on the inner surface to be coated and deposits as a hard material layer. The type of deposition varies depending on the gas used and the purity and composition thereof.
The dissociation ratio is 1:12 e.g. in the case of H2C2. This means that the H atoms are 12 times lighter than the C atoms. The acceleration of the dissociation plus the acceleration of the individual atoms and the impingement on the substrate are therefore in the ratio of 1:12.
Therefore, twelve times more C atoms than H atoms at the same velocity impinge on an identical area in the same period of time. Since the H atoms are undesirable in a hard material layer, the quantity of reaction gas fed in has to be calculated with regard to the inner area to be coated.
The following relationship determined empirically by the inventor can be used for calculating the quantity of reaction gas to be fed in:
V=A/12*E
In this case, A is the surface area to be coated [cm2], E is the dissociation energy supplied, and V is the volume of the reaction gas per minute [cm3/min].
On account of the mass inertia and the dissociation energy released, the carbon therefore requires less area per acceleration free space in order to arrive at the required 250,000 km/h.
If the H2C2 is introduced in a three-dimensional hollow body by means of a gas lance, then it must be ensured that the C atoms impinge directly on the substrate at maximum acceleration and are not deflected, decelerated or even stopped by equivalently accelerated H atoms.
This is ensured by virtue of the fact that the nozzle of the gas lance, relative to the longitudinal extent of the hollow vessel, is arranged in the region of the transition from the second longitudinal third to the third longitudinal third, measured from the opening of the hollow body. As a result, the atoms are accelerated up to their maximum and impinge on the substrate directly at the end of this phase without being impeded by other atoms.
Investigations by the inventor have revealed moreover, that in order to ensure the abovementioned deposition on the inner surface of a hollow body, the dissociation energy (EA) in watts must be higher than the opening diameter (DÖ) of the hollow body in cm at least by the factor 65.5.
This means, therefore, that given an opening diameter (DÖ) of the hollow body of 15 cm, the dissociation energy (EA) on the basis of the relationship
EA=DÖ*65.5
must be at least 15*65.5=982 watts.
By introducing this minimum dissociation energy, which can be correspondingly established at the RF generator, the atoms of the reaction gas that has undergone transition to the plasma are accelerated in such a way that their oscillation amplitude is larger than the opening diameter of the hollow body. This ensures that only transversely accelerated atoms can leave the hollow body.
In this way, contrary to the statements in the introduction, the inner surface of a hollow body can also be coated by means of the method according to the invention.
In this case, the dimensioning of the nozzle of the gas lance prevents the plasma from flashing back into the gas lance as would be feared with nozzles having larger dimensions.
It is also important that the diameter of the gas lance does not widen in the direction of the nozzle. As a result of this, on account of the Bernoulli effect, the pressure of the incoming gas would decrease in the flow direction in the region of the cross-sectional widening, which would promote a flashback of the plasma into the gas lance and thus destruction of the gas lance. The formation of the plasma cloud at the tip of the gas lance would be prevented in this way.
In one preferred configuration of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the radio-frequency electrode in the interior of the vacuum chamber has at least two leads via which radio-frequency voltages can be fed into the radio-frequency electrode.
In this way, an alternating field having very high field strengths such as is required for forming the cavity plasma can be generated in the chamber. An alternating field generated in this way has a sufficiently high penetration depth, such that even hollow bodies having large wall thicknesses can be penetrated and coated on the inner side. The hollow body itself therefore does not have to function as an electrode and can therefore also be composed of a non-metallic material. It is therefore irrelevant whether the hollow body is in electrically conductive contact with the radio-frequency electrode or whether it is completely electrically insulated.
This feature is advantageous particularly with the property that in the method according to the invention the temperatures in the interior of the coating chamber generally do not exceed 200° C. On account of these low temperatures, therefore, even plastic hollow bodies can be provided with an extremely durable inner coating. This is advantageous particularly because, on account of the unrequired electrically conductive connection between the hollow body and the radio-frequency electrode, non-metallic hollow bodies can indeed also be coated by the method according to the invention.
In this case, three or more leads are preferably provided since an even more homogeneous alternating field can be established in this way.
In this case, it is preferably provided that the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode are adjusted separately in such a way that a homogeneous alternating field having uniformly high field strengths can be generated in the entire chamber. This feature benefits the coating quality.
This can be effected by means of a so-called matchbox, for example, which is connected between a radio-frequency generator and the radio-frequency electrode. This has e.g. trimming potentiometers for the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode which are adjusted separately. In this case, the same bias voltage is set at all the regulators, which indicates identical field strengths and thus a homogeneous alternating field.
In a further preferred configuration of the method according to the invention it is provided that said hollow body merely has an opening whose narrowest diameter is narrower than the narrowest diameter of the inner space of the hollow body. Such a hollow body can be e.g. a bulk container, a bottle or the like. Hollow bodies having such geometries cannot be coated in particular by the method known from DE3821815.
Furthermore, it is preferably provided that said hollow body to be coated has an inner volume in the range of between a few cm3 and 1,000,000 cm3. For technical reasons, a limit is imposed on the size of the hollow body to be coated only because the size of the vacuum chambers currently available is limited.
Thus, e.g. a bulk container has an inner volume in the range of 10,000-100,000 cm3. An engine block having four cylinders has e.g. four inner volumes in the range of between 250 and 700 cm3. A gas cylinder has e.g. an inner volume in the range of 20,000-100,000 cm3.
Here, too, it holds true that hollow bodies having such volumes cannot be coated with sufficient quality in particular by the method known from DE3821815.
It is preferably provided that the working gas is a gas selected from the group containing argon, helium, hydrogen, oxygen or some other noble gas.
Furthermore, it is particularly preferably provided that the reaction gas is a gas selected from the group containing oxygen.
Such a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for material removal is also referred to as plasma etching. Oxygen is particularly suitable as a reaction gas for this method since the oxygen ions produced in the plasma are particularly heavy and therefore bring about surface removal particularly effectively in the accelerated state.
Investigations by the applicants have revealed that e.g. the inner surface of a used bulk container such as is used e.g. for the production of vaccines and which is extremely contaminated after use by dried-in and/or chemical blood constituents can be cleaned extremely thoroughly by this method.
Pursuant to applicable regulations, e.g. a high-grade steel for medical use must be absolutely free of residues of previous substances in contact with it. This has been achieved hitherto in the case of bulk containers, for example, by means of a very costly cleaning process using acids and alkaline solutions.
The method according to the invention, in which a plasma is ignited after oxygen has been fed with supply of high energy, makes it possible to clean ("etch") the surface of the substrate in a manner absolutely free of residues. This can be attributed in particular to the high atomic weight of the oxygen atoms, which reliably remove contaminants upon sufficient acceleration.
In a further preferred configuration of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the reaction gas is a gas selected from the group containing hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, ethene, ethyne, propane or silane gases such as tetramethylsilane or hexamethyldisiloxane.
The former reaction gases are suitable for forming a DLC layer and the latter e.g. suitable for forming an SiO2 layer.
The term DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbons") is understood to mean layers of molecular carbon which have a net or lattice of sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. The ratio of the two variants to one another depends on the coating conditions. If the former predominate, the coating has graphite-like properties (low coefficient of friction), and if the latter predominate, the hardness and the transparency of the coating increase. Mixed coatings containing both variants frequently combine both advantages.
Investigations by the applicants have revealed that the inner surfaces of bulk containers and other hollow bodies can be effectively coated with a DLC layer by this method.
Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the plasma is ignited by applying a DC voltage radio-frequency field with the following parameters:
1. frequency: 10 kHz-100 GHz
2. electrical power: 500-5000 W
3. gas feed: 0-90 scm3.
The frequency preferably lies in the range of 10-15 MHz. The frequency is particularly preferably 13.56 MHz (RF, radio-frequency).
The electrical power to be introduced is calculated according to the following formula: power (watts)=area to be coated (m2)×1750. In this case, the factor mentioned last can lie between 1500 and 2200 and is determined empirically in practice. A hollow body having an inner surface area to be coated of 0.85 m2 would accordingly have to be coated with a power of approximately 1500 watts.
Surprisingly, the bias voltage established under these conditions is in the region of 0 V, to be precise on all the leads. Moreover, this value is independent of whether or not the hollow body to be coated is in electrically conductive contact with the radio-frequency electrode.
The gas feed is regulated in a gas-specific manner and adjusted in a range of 0-90 sccm depending on the object and desired layer properties. It is preferably provided here that the quantity of reaction gas to be introduced for the coating is 0.1-10 sccm of reaction gas per 10 cm2 of inner surface area to be coated.
The unit sccm denotes standard cubic centimetre, i.e. the volume of the gas to be introduced in cubic centimetres per minute (volume per minute). A valve with a mass flow controller is used for the adjustment. At a given pressure of the gas supply line, therefore, the opening state of the valve governs the inflowing volume per minute.
In the case of hydrocarbon gases it holds true that the layer becomes all the harder, the more gas is used since the proportion of available carbon atoms increases.
In the case of silane gases, by contrast, it holds true that the ratio of the silane gas to oxygen determines the hardness of the layer. For hard coatings, the ratio is e.g. 100 sccm HMDSO (hexamethyldisiloxane) to 400 sccm oxygen. By contrast, a reduction of the oxygen proportion leads to softer layers.
Particularly preferably, the quantity of the reaction gas to be introduced is 0.5-5 sccm of reaction gas per 10 cm2 of inner surface area to be coated.
Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the reaction gas is doped with one or more gases containing Si, N, F, B, O, Ag, Cu, V or Ti. These dopants can contribute to having a targeted influence on the properties of the coating applied. Thus, e.g. the doping of the reaction gas with a gas containing Si (e.g. hexamethyldisiloxane) leads to a reduction of friction even under moist conditions and also to a higher thermal stability. A doping with N, F, B or O influences the surface tension, the wettability and the hardness of the coating. A doping with metals contributes to influencing the conductivity of the coating, while a doping with Ag, Cu, V or Ti influences the biological behaviour of the coating, in particular the biocompatibility which is hugely important e.g. for implants.
Layer growth rates of up to 4 μm/h and layer thicknesses of up to 7 μm are achieved with the method according to the invention.
The invention furthermore provides a hollow body having an inner surface, characterized in that the latter was treated by a method according to any of the preceding claims in such a way that a material removal was performed on the inner surface and/or the latter was provided with a coating. The coating can be, as mentioned above, e.g. a DLC, TiOx or SiO2 coating.
Particularly preferably, said hollow body is a hollow body selected from the group containing vessels, bottles, containers, cannulas, hollow needles, syringes, inner walls of cylinder or piston bores in internal combustion engines, inner sides of bearings, in particular ball or rolling bearings.
The hollow bodies mentioned can comprise non-metallic materials, in particular, since the hollow body—in contrast to the description in DE 3821815—does not function as an electrode. This opens up new possibilities in lightweight construction. Thus, it is possible, for example, to produce a highly loaded metallic workpiece—thus e.g. an engine block of an internal combustion engine—from a plastic and to coat the inner walls of the cylinder bores with a surface having a high loading capability in a manner according to the invention.
The following advantages, inter alia, can be achieved with the method according to the invention:
a) improved cleaning of three-dimensional hollow bodies, in particular bulk containers, in conjunction with a reduced outlay;
b) improved corrosion protection of the coated surfaces;
c) no diffusion of a substrate situated in the hollow body into the inner surface layer of the hollow body;
d) reduction of the coefficient of friction of the inner surface; and
e) improved heat dissipation.
The invention furthermore provides a device for carrying out a method according to any of the preceding claims.
The present invention is elucidated in greater detail by the figures shown and discussed below. It should be taken into account here that the figures are only descriptive in nature and not intended to restrict the invention in any form.
FIG. 1 shows a section through a vacuum chamber 10 according to the invention in frontal view with a radio-frequency electrode 11 arranged at the bottom of the chamber, a hollow body 12 to be coated on the inner side and having an opening 13, said hollow body being arranged by way of a mount 14 on the radio-frequency electrode.
The radio-frequency electrode 11 in the interior of the vacuum chamber 10 has three leads 15 via which radio-frequency voltages generated by a radio-frequency generator (RF generator) 16 are fed into the radio-frequency electrode 11. By means of a regulable matchbox 17, as it is called, connected between the RF generator 16 and the radio-frequency electrode 11, the individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode 11 can be adjusted separately with the aid of trimming potentiometers in order to generate a homogeneous alternating field having uniformly high field strengths in the entire chamber.
FIG. 2 shows the same vacuum chamber 20 in a lateral sectional view, with the radio-frequency electrode 21, the hollow body 22 to be coated on the inner side in plan view with an opening 23, and also the mount 24, which is not electrically conductive. The hollow body is a bulk container in the example shown. A gas lance 25 is inserted into the hollow body through the opening 23 of the hollow body, said gas lance having a terminal nozzle 26 having a diameter of 0.6 mm at its distal end. The gas lance is connected to a gas supply (not illustrated) via a hose and is guided via a height-adjustable mount 27, by means of which it can be ensured that the gas lance can be positioned in the hollow body 22 in accordance with the dimensioning in the main claim. For this purpose, the mount is arranged on a carrier 28 in height-adjustable fashion.
The radio-frequency electrode 21 in the interior of the vacuum chamber 20 has three leads 29 via which radio-frequency voltages generated by a radio-frequency generator (RF generator) 30 are fed into the radio-frequency electrode 21. The individual leads to the radio-frequency electrode 21 can be adjusted separately via a regulable matchbox (not illustrated) connected between the RF generator 16 and the radio-frequency electrode 11.
FIG. 3 again shows a vacuum chamber 30 in a lateral sectional view, with a radio-frequency electrode 31, a hollow body 32 to be coated on the inner side and arranged upright in plan view with an opening 33, through which a gas lance 34 is introduced into the hollow body. In the example shown, the hollow body is a bulk container composed of high-grade steel. Thus, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the hollow body is electrically conductively connected to the radio-frequency electrode 31, and therefore likewise functions as an electrode.
FIG. 4 shows the same vacuum chamber 40 as FIG. 2, with the radio-frequency electrode 41, the hollow body 42 to be coated on the inner side in plan view with an opening 43, through which a gas lance 25 is introduced into the hollow body. An electromagnetic alternating field is set [values, three leads, very homogeneous field] at the radio-frequency electrode and gas flows into the hollow body through the gas lance. On account of the electromagnetic interactions, the gas molecules that emerge are accelerated and a spherical plasma 45 is formed, which is also referred to as a cavity plasma since it essentially remains within the hollow body and does not pass into the actual vacuum chamber 40. The coating effects described above are established here on account of the plasma. On account of the via the suction-extraction connector 46, the outflowing gas or plasma is sucked in the direction of the opening 43.
FIG. 5 shows a coated bulk container 50 in cross section with a wall 51 and the coating 52. The bulk container has a depression 53 in the region of its bottom. Moreover, the gas lance shown in the previous figures and the spherical plasma that is formed are illustrated schematically. It can be discerned that the coating applied on account of the effects of the spherical plasma has a greater thickness particularly in the region of the exit opening of the gas lance than in the edge regions of the container bottom or on the inner walls of the container. The thickness of the coating is greatly exaggerated in the illustration; in practice, it varies in the range of between 50 nm and 20 μm.
When the bottom of the container is viewed directly by an observer, this thickness gradient is discernible by virtue of the iridescent colour caused by interferences with the waves of the visible light spectrum (350-800 nm).
FIG. 6 shows the coating process under way on a horizontally arranged bulk container. For this purpose a photograph was taken through the porthole of the chamber in the direction of the opening of the bulk container. It can be discerned that the plasma formed burns only in the interior of the container, and not for instance in the entire chamber as known in devices from the prior art. The cavity plasma discussed above is involved here.
FIG. 7 shows the coating process under way on a vertically arranged bulk container. For this purpose a photograph was taken through the porthole of the chamber in the direction of the opening of the bulk container. Here, too, it can be discerned that the plasma formed burns only in the interior of the container, and not for instance in the entire chamber as known in devices from the prior art. The cavity plasma discussed above is involved here.
FIG. 8 shows a bulk container coated by the method according to the invention in frontal view. The container is still arranged in the coating chamber; the non-electrically conductive mount can be discerned in the lower region. In particular, the depression already discussed can be discerned in the region of the bottom of the container. It is furthermore readily discernible that the container has been coated with a DLC coating in the inner region, while the outer side of the container has not been coated (evident from the metallically lustrous surface composed of high-grade steel).
FIG. 9 shows the bottom of a bulk container coated by the method according to the invention in frontal view. Here, too, the depression already discussed can be discerned in the region of the bottom of the container. Here, too, on the basis of the different brightnesses it is once again readily discernible that the container has been coated with a DLC coating in the inner region, while the outer side of the container has not been coated (evident from the metallically lustrous surface composed of high-grade steel).
FIG. 10 shows the transition region between the bottom and the inner wall of a coated bulk container. In this case, it is in particular readily discernible that a welding seam arranged in the transition region has likewise been coated well.
Previous Patent: THERMAL TRANSFER SHEET
Next Patent: ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORBING GLASS TUBE FOR FLUORESCENT LAMP AND GLASS TUBE COMPRISING THE SAME FOR FLUORES...


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Elizabeth II HAS REIGNED in a world moving swiftly through political shifts, cultural change and technological advances. Traditional institutions of law, religion and politics have suffered loss of ...
Elizabeth II (1952 - )
Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born at 17 Bruton Street, London on 21 April 1926. A happy childhood was spent with her parents, the Duke and Duchess of York, and younger sister Margaret Rose. ...
Edward VIII and George VI (1936 - 1952)
Edward VIII (1936) Edward, Prince of Wales, eldest son of George V and Queen Mary, was known to the family as 'David'. Charming and informal, he was a popular prince, touring Britain and the empire, ...
George V (1910 - 1936)
Edward vii's eldest son Albert died at the age of 28, and so it was his second son, George, who followed him as king. George had learned the navy's traditions of duty and. Blue-eyed, blunt, and ...
When Queen Victoria died in 1901, she left three generations of heirs. They, it was expected, would reign as monarchs of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. In fact, the name survived only 16 years. In ...
Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), Isabella Brant
This famous portrait drawing is of Rubens' first wife, ...
Waterloo suicides
For centuries people have been committing or attempting...
The queen of vintage - Hilary Proctor
There's only one thing more fabulous than Hilary Pr...
The Blues and Royals
In 1969 The Royal Horse Guards (The Blues) were amalgam...
London Oratory (Brompton Road)
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London bridge (part twelve)
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Guy's Hospital Chapel
The benefaction by which Thomas Guy founded the well-kn...
Marlborough ice pail
English version » Masterpieces of the British Museum |
Ice pails, designed to cool a single bottle of wine, were made to be placed on the dining table. They became fashionable at the French court from the 1680s and were used by nobility and wealthy aristocracy throughout Europe.
This ice pail is one of the only surviving English examples made of pure gold. Their large, heavy form, lion masks and ringed handles show the influence of Huguenot goldsmiths. These craftsmen were French Protestants who, after 1685, came to Britain to escape religious persecution, bringing with them new designs and technical knowledge. Combined with spiral gadrooned decoration, a late-seventeenth-century English tradition, the style indicates a date of manufacture in London around 1700.
The ice pails were bequeathed by Sarah, 1st Duchess of Marlborough (1660-1744) to her grandson the Honourable John Spencer (1708-1746). The ice pails remained in the Spencer family at Althorp, Northamptonshire, until their acquisition by the Museum in 1981.
From London, England, c. ad 1700
Ht 26.7 cm
Wt 5.750 kg
Purchased with the aid of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, the Art Fund, the National Heritage Memorial Fund, the Pilgrim Trust and funds bequeathed by Mrs Katherine Goodhart Kitchingman.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lighthouse's 3D sensing, AI-powered camera is now available for $299
Greg Kumparak	@grg / 4 years
What happens if you take a home security camera, throw it out, and head back to the drawing board with engineers from the world of self-driving cars behind the wheel?
That's the basic premise behind Lighthouse. They're trying to build a camera that, thanks to its 3D-sensing lasers and a mountain of machine learning chops, has some sense of what it's looking at. After years in the works, it's going on sale this morning.
One aspect of Lighthouse thats particularly unique is in how you're meant to peruse your footage; it's aiming to be less of a security camera, and more of an assistant. Rather than scrubbing a timeline, you ask the in-app natural language processing system (think Google Assistant or Alexa, but it only cares about what's going on in your house) for what you want. You ask it things like "Did the dog walker come on Wednesday?", or "When time did the kids get home yesterday?", and it responds with relevant footage.
You can also set up alerts based on what's going on. Want a heads up if someone new is in the house? Say "Ping me if you see someone you don't recognize." Or you can set them up based on what doesn't happen, with queries like "Ping me if the kids don't get home by 5".
Getting that done requires some pretty intense machine learning and computer vision; fortunately, the company's co-founders Alex Teichman and Hendrik Dahlkamp have some experience there. Teichman completed his PhD in Sebastian Thrun's self driving car lab at Stanford; Dahlkamp was the first engineer at Google X and a winner of DARPA's self-driving Grand Challenge.
The company has raised $17M according to Crunchbase, and is a part of Andy Rubin's incubator, Playground. We first wrote about Lighthouse back in May of last year.
Are people ready for an in-home camera that strives to really know what it's looking at? Nest has been tinkering in this space for a while now, with things like facial recognition and AI that tries to tell whether the motion in the room is a human moving around or just a TV that got left on. But Nest rolls things out ever so slowly, one new AI-powered feature at a time — and with good reason: if there's a line in the sand where people start getting weirded out, no one quite knows where it is yet.
The pricing they ended up with is a bit unique, so a breakdown: $299 gets you the Lighthouse itself. After that, you can either pay $10 a month for 30-days of cloud video storage and cloud-assisted AI, or you can cough up a one-time fee of $200 up front (the equivalent of 20 months at the month-to-month rate) for a lifetime plan.
Lighthouse let us borrow a unit to check out, so check back in a few days for our impressions.


"Dear Tranna, how can I become more glamorous like you?"
If you follow somebody you love but they don't follow back (F U 2 Grumpy Cat!) should you unfollow them? Asking for a friend."
We live in very strange times. People judge their worth by the number of followers they have on social media and the number of 'likes' they receive. People have become so self-involved and obsessed with their own social media output that they don't even want/care to support what others are doing and creating. You don't want to be that person, it's boring. Just as you should not give to receive, you should not follow expecting a follow back. You should follow whoever entertains and inspires you. I personally recommend following Sarah Jessica Parker on Instagram--it's a hoot! I've made peace with the reality that SJP will probably never follow me on Instagram. I've even made peace with the fact that Madonna blocked me on Instagram*. I wouldn't take a cat not following you back too personally.
In my family we celebrate Christmas together each year. Everyone uproots themselves from their respective cities to spend a few days together. The problem? Most of my family can't stand one another and things usually end in shouting matches and slammed doors (or on one ugly occasion a minor physical altercation). How would you recommend surviving the holiday season with people you're obligated to love but don't happen to like all that much?"
I've decided to call you Kevin because your situation reminded me of Home Alone. I hope that's alright. My heart goes out to you. Personally I do not believe in obligations. I don't think anyone is obligated to love anyone, even if they are family. That kind of thinking has lead to a lot of unnecessary misery. Life is just way too short to be surrounded by people you don't like or, worse, people who bring negative energy into your life. Familial obligation is something a lot of people feel, but who does it benefit? I think you should spend Christmas with the people you want to spend Christmas with. Or if you want to spend Christmas alone with a pizza and the complete Golden Girls DVD box set, that might be the best Christmas ever. Never feel guilty for doing what's necessary to make yourself happy. Free yourself of obligation and guilt this Christmas! If you absolutely must spend Christmas with the other McCallisters, I suggest you be the peacekeeper (I can tell from the tone of your letter that you probably are and I salute you). Don't get involved in the arguments and fights. Try to remind everyone that you are all together to celebrate the love you have for one another.


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2012 Wimbledon Live TV Schedule, Online Streaming Coverage And More
By Pete Holby Jun 30, 2012, 6:00am EDT
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Saturday brings a full day for the 2012 Wimbledon Tennis Championships, with Day 6 featuring a number of big matchups. Television coverage and online streaming coverage information is below.
Britain's Andy Murray looks to be a big beneficiary from Rafael Nadal's shocking loss in the second round, as he can now make the finals without seeing Nadal. That said, the No. 4 seed isn't looking past his Round 3 opponent, unranked Marcus Baghdatis. Murray and Baghdatis have met six times, with each man taking three wins. Elsewhere in the Gentlemen's bracket, the man who beat Nadal, Lukas Rosol, faces Philipp Kohlscreiber. No. 30 seed Andy Roddick is also in action, taking on seventh seeded David Ferrer. In the Ladies' draw, Serena Williams faces off with Jie Zheng.
For a complete tournament scoreboard, check SI.com.
Television Coverage: ESPN starting at 8 a.m. EDT.
Streaming Coverage: Online coverage via Wimbledon or WatchESPN beginning at 6:30 a.m. EDT.
Stick with this storystream for updates, scores and more from the 2012 Wimbledon Tennis Championships. For all things tennis, check out SB Nation's tennis hub.
Wimbledon 2012: Roger Federer Defeats Andy Murray To Earn 7th Wimbeldon Title
2012 Wimbledon Men's Final Results: Roger Federer Defeats Andy Murray To Earn 7th Wimbeldon Title
Wimbledon 2012 Scores And Results: No. 1's Novak Djokovic, Maria Sharapova, No. 3 Roger Federer Advance


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Time, Love and Tenderness
Michael Bolton	| Length : 04:17
Writer: Diane Warren
Composer: Diane Warren
So you say that you can't go on Love left you cryin' And you say all your hope is gone And what's the use in tryin'? What you need is to have some faith Shake off those sad blues Get yourself a new view Oh, nothing is as sad as it seems, you know 'Cause someday you'll laugh at the heartache Someday you'll laugh at the pain Somehow you'll get through the heartache Somehow you can get through the rain [Chorus] When love puts you through the fire When love puts you through the test Nothing cures a broken heart Like time, love, and tenderness When you think your world is over Baby, just remember this Nothing heals a broken heart Like time, love, and tenderness Time, love, and tenderness I understand how you're feeling now And what you've been through But your world's gonna turn around So, baby, don't you be blue All it takes is a little time To make it better The hurt won't last forever Oh, all the tears are gonna dry you know 'Cause someday you'll laugh at the heartache Someday you'll laugh at the pain You may be down on your luck But, baby, that old luck's gonna change [Chorus] Baby, oh baby you just need some You just need some Time, love, and tenderness Time, love, and tenderness The hurt ain't gonna last forever Time, love, and tenderness Time, love, and tenderness
DIANE WARREN
Universal Music Publishing Group, Realsongs
This track is on the 10 following albums:
Michael Bolton The Very Best
Time, Love & Tenderness
I Migliori Anni '90 - 2010
Soul Provider/Time, Love & Tenderness
When a man loves a woman... Greatest hits


Beth Carter, founder of Creative Clariant, helps clients figure out what their marketing should say. She specializes in creating marketing communications – including website content, blog posts, case studies, white papers and more – that are focused, polished and effective. Her clients include Fortune 500 companies, small mom & pop shops and everything in between. An award-winning writer, she loves to share her passion with the local business community by delivering hands-on seminars, conferences, and workshops.
3 Secrets of Powerful Communicators Unlock the key to great communication skills that will help you become more effective both personally and professionally, in just about everything you do.
Simple Strategies to Build Your Blog Learn how to develop a blogging strategy that lets you build an audience and grow your business – on your own terms.
What's Your Brand Story? Uncover 4 key questions that will help you develop your own brand story that's true to your business and resonates with your customers.


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Riverland guard Tate Hebrink turns a corner during the first half against Western Technical College this season at RCC. Eric Johnson/photodesk@austindailyherald.com
Hebrink heading to Valley City State
By Rocky Hulne
Published 7:07 pm Thursday, May 7, 2020
Austin grad Tate Hebrink doesn't travel very often on the basketball court, but he's been on the move off the court over the past few years.
Hebrink is about to play for his fourth team in four years after committing to play college basketball at NAIA Valley City State University in North Dakota next season.
Hebrink spent a portion of his freshman season with UW-River Falls and he played for Riverland Community College this season and now he'll be heading to VCU, where he is set to receive an athletic scholarship. He is majoring in physical education.
Hebrink played in two state tournaments for the Packers where he picked up a wealth of experience and he's gone on to learn even more at the college level.
"I've learned a lot about basketball," Hebrink said. "There's a lot of different styles of offense and defense and I've learned a lot about the game."
Hebrink served as the floor general for the Blue Devils helping facilitate offense for Montrell Jacobs, who averaged 18.3 points per game and Terrell Smith, who averaged 19.1 points per game. Hebrink averaged just 5.3 points, 3.1 rebounds and three assists per game, but he had a team-best 2.1 assist to turnover ratio and he shot 51 percent from the field, 49 percent on threes and 74 percent on free throws.
Jacobs has committed to play at Division II Kentucky State University.
Next season, Hebrink will be lining up against Smith, who has committed to Dakota State, which plays in the same league as VCU. However, Smith may see a little different version of Hebrink when their teams square off.
"It'll be fun to go against him," Hebrink said. "I'll always be a pass-first play-maker for my teammates, but I'm definitely going to be more aggressive and look for more shots when I'm open. I feel like I've lacked that aggression and I'm going to try and be more aggressive these next two years."
Riverland went 24-5 overall last season and the Vikings went 9-20 overall last season. Hebrink said the Vikings have a lot of returnees and he's expecting the team to make a strong push.
Valley City is 390 miles from Austin.
"It's going to be tough to be that far away. But I think it will be nice. I'll learn more about myself and who I really am. I'll become more independent. It'll be good to step out of my comfort zone," Hebrink said. "I'm excited and I'm blessed to be able to keep playing basketball."
Austin ArtWorks Festival cancels two-day event, plans other events throughout the year
The Austin ArtWorks Festival has become the latest victim of the COVID-19 global pandemic — at least in part. Organizers... read more


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Glaucoclystis spinosa is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Japan.

References

Moths described in 1971
Eupitheciini
Moths of Japan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Meet Our Staff - Titusville, FL
Our staff provides excellent funeral planning services
We have years of experience caring for families from all walks of life, cultures and faiths. Our unsurpassed staff and our family provide kind, caring, professional service. Each family comes to us because they know we are leaders in our profession who are dedicated to excellence in service, adhere to the highest funeral industry standards, and have exceptional integrity. We consistently earn phenomenally high customer satisfaction survey results.
Our licensed, professional staff is here for you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Please call 321-269-9222 anytime. We will even come to you to make arrangements in the comfort of your home.
Prompt, compassionate service is always just a phone call away, where and when you need it.
Courtney Charvet
Courtney started his career at North Brevard Funeral Home in 1997 and worked here for most of his adult life. He has worked as manager, funeral director, and pre-planning specialist at several Central Florida funeral homes and cemeteries. He returned to North Brevard Funeral Home and Oaklawn Memorial Gardens in May 2015 and is glad to be home.
Courtney received his Associate's Degree in Funeral Service in 1999 from St. Petersburg College and his Bachelor's Degree from the University of Florida in 2011.
Courtney is a volunteer actor at Titusville Playhouse, Inc. He also serves on several committees at the Rotary Club of Titusville Noon Club. He is active with Cub Scout Pack #370.
Funeral Home Manager
David started his funeral career at North Brevard Funeral Home in 1992. In November 2013, David was chosen as Manager of the North Brevard Funeral Home team. He is a lifelong resident of Brevard County.
He is a graduate of Astronaut High School and St. Petersburg College, where he completed his Mortuary Science Degree in 1997.
David, his wife Ruth and daughter Shelby are members of the First Baptist Church of Aurantia. He is the Past President and a charter member of the Sunrise Kiwanis Club of Titusville, a 32nd Degree Master Mason, and a member of the Gateway Masonic Lodge #384 F.& A.M.
David currently serves as a Board Member for the Jess Parrish Medical Foundation and for Hospice of St. Francis.
Jimmie Prevatt
Licensed Funeral Director/Founder
Jimmie was born and raised in Palatka, Florida and has been a licensed Funeral Director since 1961. Mr. Prevatt started as the first manager, and then owner, of North Brevard Funeral Home
in 1973 and continues to serve families at the same facility nearly 40 years later.
Prior to North Brevard Funeral Home, Jimmie was the owner of the Prevatt Funeral Home in Port St. Joe, Florida and also the assistant manager of the Garden Chapel Funeral Home in Orlando, Florida. After Lamar Hudgins joined Jimmie at North Brevard in 1979, they purchased the beautiful Oaklawn Memorial Park in Titusville, where both locations are still jointly operated to this day.
During his ongoing 53 years in the funeral profession, Jimmie has been an active member in many Titusville community organizations and in both the First Baptist Church of Titusville, and St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church.
For the past 32 years, Jimmie has been on the Board of Directors of The St. Francis Hospice.
Travel is one of his favorite activities. He and his wife Nancie have visited all 50 States, and are active with three RV Clubs.
Lamar Hudgins
Licensed Funeral Director
Lamar entered funeral service in 1958 in Palatka, Florida and moved to enter into partnership with Jimmie Prevatt at North Brevard Funeral Home in Titusville in 1979.
Lamar has always been active in many Titusville civic affairs, including serving on the Board of Directors for the Titusville Chamber of Commerce and the Titusville Rotary Club. Lamar is also a longtime member of the Park Avenue Baptist Church in Titusville.
Jay Feagan
Grounds Superintendent
Jay started a part-time maintenance position at Oaklawn Memorial Gardens in 1993. In 1996, He became the Grounds Superintendent of Oaklawn Memorial Gardens, with over 28 developed acres of cemetery property under his direct responsibility. Because of his hard work and dedication, Jay was selected as the Oaklawn and North Brevard Funeral Home Employee of the Year for 2011.
Jay's dedication and hard work over the years since has enabled Oaklawn Memorial Gardens to become a beautiful and serene cemetery location, while at the same time providing all families service excellence with any type of burial, entombment or cremated remains interment desired.
Jay married his wife Karen in 1999, and they have two sons, Matthew and Michael.
Jay is a member of Gateway #384 F&A.M. in Mims, a 32nd Degree Scottish Rite, and a Shriner.
Eric Zink
Licensed Funeral Director - Crematory and Care Center Manager
A 2019 New York City Marathon finisher who is originally from Ohio, Eric has been serving families in one form or another since 1993. He became the first teen volunteer at Alliance Community Hospital, Alliance, Ohio to reach 1000 hours of volunteer service. He would then go on to serve our country in the U.S. Army for three years, spending time at Ft. Benning, Georgia, Kuwait and South Korea. Following being honorably discharged in 2000, Eric began working in funeral service and then went on to graduate from Cincinnati College of Mortuary Science in 2003 and has been with North Brevard Funeral Home since 2013.
Eric lives in Titusville with his wife Ashley; dog, Jaxson and bird, Crispy. He enjoys playing chess, riding motorcycles, going on road trips and training for half and full marathons
Angel Allgood
Licensed Funeral Director/ Embalmer
Angel Allgood joined our staff in April of 2019. She was born and raised in Loganville, Georgia. She attained her mortuary degree from Gupton-Jones College of Funeral Services in Decatur, Georgia. She became licensed as a Funeral Director and Embalmer in the twenty hundred's in Central Florida. Angel has specialized in decedent care and was a Funeral home location manager for many years.
Angel is passionate about servitude and helping others. Angel lives in Port Orange with her four children; Emily, Ansley, Ethan and Aiden and dog, Shadow. She attends First Baptist Church in Daytona Beach. In her free time she enjoys exploring the world around her, hosting family gatherings around the kitchen and writing over coffee.
Clifford Williams III
Family Service Manager & Funeral Director
Husband, Father, Grandfather. Cliff started his career in funeral service in 1968 in Cocoa, Florida and has spent most of his 48 years of service right here as a Funeral Director and our Family Service Manager. He and his wife Linda like to spend time driving down back roads and making time for little weekend getaways. Family gatherings with his four daughters their husbands and 12 grandchildren are huge, loud and wonderful. He says he does most of the cooking but doesn't do the dishes.
Cliff spends most of his working time telling the Pre-Planning Story. He says putting one's house in order is the kindest thing one can do. This is his purpose for what he does. This is how he thinks, "We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give."
Veronica Pratt
Cemetery Administrative Assistant
Veronica Pratt is a lifelong resident of Brevard County, graduating from Titusville High School in 1989. She started her career with us as a part time assistant in May 2013. Within three months, she became the full-time Administrative Assistant for Oaklawn Memorial Gardens, leading her to be awarded employee of the year in 2014.
Veronica married her high school sweetheart Mike, and they have two children, Lukas and Skylar, and we can't forget about her two Basset hounds, Maddy and Rosco.
Veronica has been a volunteer for Toys for Tots for three years. She is a member of Smile Angel Foundation and attends the Grove Church.
Jared Humphries
Jared joined the team at North Brevard Funeral Home in October 2015. You may see Jared assisting with a Celebration of Life on the weekends or serving families after hours during the week.
Mary Frodsham
Mary Frodsham joined the team as a part time assistant in January of 2019 and by April she was a full time administrative assistant. Mary graduated from Saint Mary's College of California with a Bachelor's degree in Communication in 2018 and moved to Florida immediately afterward. She enjoys traveling and has lived in five different states across the US. She currently resides in Titusville with her cat, Artemis.
North Brevard Funeral Home
| 1450 Norwood Avenue
| Titusville, FL 32796
Oaklawn Memorial Gardens
| 2116 Garden Street
You are welcome to call us any time of the day, any day of the week, for immediate assistance. Or, visit our funeral home in person at your convenience.
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Terri and I just got back from an amazing trip to Europe. We spend 17 days there and enjoyed every minute of it. I'd like to put together a more complete narrative of the trip, but here are some photos from Ireland and another set from Italy-Switzerland-Brussels-Amsterdam to look at while I put together something that helps to better describe what we did there.


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Sorry for the delay on this one - tomorrow is my birthday, and today was busier than usual.
St. Genevieve was about 30 when Attila the Hun began his path towards Paris. Genevieve rallied the people to prayer and fasting, and Attila took a sudden diversion.
About 40 years later, Clovis led his army of Franks to conquer Gaul. He, too, wanted Paris. But Genevieve swore that a pagan would not rule her city any more than a barabarian did. She again rallied the people, and they would not let him within the walls. His only hope was to lay siege.
Genevieve, almost 70 years old, traveled to a neighboring city and brought back 12 ships worth of supplies for the Parisians, absentmindedly working healing miracles as she went. Clovis gave up his siege, but Genevieve added him to her prayer list. Clovis married Clotilde, a Christian, who played a large role in his conversion to Christianity in 497 AD. Once he was properly baptized, Genevieve welcomed Clovis, now king of Gaul, into Paris. She became Clotilde's close friend and advisor, and Clotilde also eventually became a saint.
Genevieve consecrated herself to Jesus from a very young age. She was known for her generosity in feeding the poor, as well as inspiring and leading many other young virgins who chose to live a life consecrated to God. She was also pretty spunky. You can read more about her HERE.
- Meagan


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notwithstanding the possibility to double this value.
brand for all of Brazil and in the near future, the world.
and in expansion across the international market.
belief and it epitomizes our reason to exist.
resilience, and achieved exponential growth.
partners, but also society as a whole.
by-side. Because no one achieves anything alone.
Together, we are always stronger.
We share the desire for something more. The drive to go above and beyond. We have an entrepreneurial spirit, the restlessness and enthusiasm of those who still have so much to accomplish. For us, this is just the beginning.
acknowledged for everything we do.
Multi-Level Marketing is one of the leading business models in the world. It is the foundation of several successful companies, including the Hinode Group. Within this model, every person has a chance to develop their own network and increase their profits as more and more individuals participate.
The FAR Institute was created to organize the actions of social responsibility of the Hinode Group. Through it, we support projects of other third sector organizations that contribute to the promotion of a more just society, seeking human and sustainable development.
To support and take part in projects that promote social impact activities and contribute to a more equitable society.
To contribute with cleaner and more sustainable practices, decreasing the level of human impact on the environment.
Campaigns (Ex. Solidarity Seal, Recycling of Tarps, Pallets etc.).
Growth, perpetuation and development of the Hinode Group, without compromising social and environmental sustainability.
Share Experiences and Inspire Similar Practices.


text:
Ghana coach takes selfie with crying Son Heung-min following South Korea's World Cup defeat
Ghana keep hopes of last 16 alive with dramatic win over South …
FMM - F24 Video Clips / VideoElephant
Son Heung-min was in tears after South Korea's defeat to Ghana - but one of Ghana's coaching staff decided it was the perfect opportunity to get a selfie with the inconsolable footballer.
It was an action-packed World Cup match at the Education City Stadium on Monday (November 28) as Ghana went ahead with a goal from Mohammed Salisu in the 24th minute, and a second followed ten minutes later from Mohammed Kudus.
Though things soon turned around for South Korea in the second half with two goals from Cho Gue-sung (headers in the 58th minute and 61st minute) to level with Ghana.
However, Ghana fought back as Kudus managed to score again in the 68th minute to put the side ahead once more and clinch the victory to put them second in the Group H table behind Portugal.
It means South Korea must win their next match against group leaders Portugal on December 2, though this still may not be enough for them to qualify for the knockout stages.
Manager Paulo Bento will not be on the touchline next game because he was given a red card by referee Anthony Taylor for his furious protests after the ref blew the whistle for full time and didn't allow South Korea to take a corner for a chance to equalise.
South Korean players couldn't hide their disappointment at the result as forward Son Heung-min appeared emotional and the Tottenham Hotspur player refused to be consoled by Bento.
Ghana's coaching staff - that included assistant coach George Boateng - also approached the 30-year-old to give him a supportive pat on the back and some kind words.
Boateng (right) can be seen telling his mate to stop taking selfies with a distraught Son Heung-min after South Korea were defeated by Ghana 3-2
However, one staff member was keen to get a snap with Son Heung-min (maybe he really wanted to remember this moment or was a Spurs fan) as he got his phone out and snapped a selfie with him.
Understandably, Son Heung-min wasn't feeling up to posing for a selfie so he turned in the opposite direction to have a moment to himself as he doubled over, still reeling from the result.
Boateng didn't appear too pleased with the coach's actions either as he put his hand out to stop him and appeared to tell him to put his phone away.
Ghana now faces Uruguay in their final Group H match on December 2.
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Crews were called to a blaze caused by a dryer in Buxton.
Firefighters from Buxton station were called to a "smell of burning" on Green Lane at about 10.20pm on Wednesday (April 28).
A service spokesman said they found a fire in a commercial drying appliance.
Breathing equipment and a hose reel were used to put out the blaze.


The name to be used for the particular inner hit definition in the response.
Useful when multiple inner hits have been defined in a single search request.
The maximum number of inner matching hits to return per bucket. By default the top three matching hits are returned.
The offset from the first result you want to fetch.
How the inner matching hits should be sorted. By default the hits are sorted by the score of the main query.
Enables explanation for each hit on how its score was computed.
Adds a Script to the aggregation.
Sets highlight arguments for the results.
Allows to return the field data representation of a field for each hit.


Esther Shapiro, an effusive, dark- haired, lively-eyed woman who produces ''Dynasty'' with her husband Richard Shapiro and therefore has a firm grip on the tiger tail of the television industry, recently had brunch at the Helmsley Palace Hotel's Trianon Room restaurant. All around her in the opulent space, leaning on the peppermint-pink tablecloths and looking up at the wall paintings of riders and horses, were diners dressed in the expensive sheen of the mid- 1980's: ladies in gloves and white broad- brimmed hats, men in ascots and double- breasted blue blazers. The room looked so much like a set from ''Dynasty'' that it was easy to imagine she was talking from within an episode of the series.
As a television aphorism, that summing up of a program's philosophy is a long way from: ''Well, heh-heh, that's my little Margie,'' but this is, as President Reagan said a couple of weeks ago, the age of the entrepreneur, and television is packed with programs about personal incentive and its rewards.
Mr. and Mrs. Shapiro's ''Dynasty,'' the weekly saga of the power, passion, wardrobes and automobiles of an oil-rich family in Denver, tells of the struggle of a number of women for, as Mrs. Shapiro put it, ''control of their lives.'' Its twin star of American glitter is the older, great ongoing family tale of the Texas rich, ''Dallas,'' which tells of the vipers and little foxes of the Ewing family. The two are already legends in commercial television, and they are two of the best-known American cultural exports, watched and analyzed around the world: In 1980, Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin pleaded with the visiting ''Dallas'' producer to tell him who shot J. R. Ewing; in 1983, the French arts establishment decried it as ''American cultural imperialism''; this February, the British Broadcasting Corporation canceled it, but viewers forced its reinstatement.
Why has the mansion replaced the split-level household as the best-known backdrop for video sagas? Why are tales of the middle class becoming obsolete and tales of ostentation bringing happiness to producers? What has brought about this onslaught of econo-romantic determinism?
Large numbers of viewers, though, own a piece of these fantasies: ''Dynasty'' is merchandising clothes and sheets and perfume with the program's name on them, a dream of wealth accessible to whomever wants to buy it.
''Just to watch what they're wearing is entering fantasyland,'' said Mr. Spelling, a producer who seems to have attained a niche, for better and worse, in the pop culture. With his ''Charlie's Angels,'' ''Fantasy Island'' and ''Love Boat,'' in which guest stars show up on a cruise ship, meet each other and disappear, he has developed a reputation as the patriarch of extravagance.
''Watching the cars and costumes is part of it, we try not to repeat the gowns,'' he said. ''I don't know how long Hollywood can keep on making these farming movies like the one with Jessica Lange and Sissy Spacek and Sally Field - they're hardly where farmers want to go to. People want to see a house with a staff of 12 servants.
''Andy Warhol just did a 'Love Boat,' '' Mr. Spelling said recently. ''He loved it. The first thing he wanted to do was go over to the 'Dynasty' set. I can't imagine Andy doing a show without real style.
But many observers feel that effective villains of the two programs - Joan Collins's Alexis and Larry Hagman's J. R. Ewing - are anything but villains in a period when Americans appreciate strong management.
''I'm not endorsing Reagan,'' Mrs. Shapiro said, ''but there are certain things the Democrats could learn from him, like being effective.'' Mrs. Shapiro said women who watched her program liked seeing other, powerful women who could control events.
''This is a new age,'' said Mr. Forbes. ''There isn't as much rigidity. People are beginning to comprehend that anybody can get rich and that the Hunts can go broke. There is no class resentment against the rich. More think of the rich as just entrepreneurs, not the heavies they have always been on television and in the movies. They're not the exploiters anymore.
''Are the people rich in it?'' Mr. Tartikoff asked rhetorically. ''Yeah, some are rich. But none of the elements have been tried yet. When 'Dallas' went on the air, there wasn't a show like it. And watching pretty people in pretty dresses, and pretty men, is nicer than watching garbage cans. However, if there are no garbage cans on television, the first one to come along with one or to come up with a hero with no perfect set of teeth will do it.'' Mr. Tartikoff said he was investing in a program with a working-class hero, played by Robert Blake.
In fact, Mrs. Shapiro agreed and said she believed that the strength of the family would be an important new television theme. But if middle-class family programs return to the airwaves with a vengeance, viewers remembering the late 1970's and early 80's may remember programs that spoke to the determination of Americans to recapture the romance of capitalism after the 1960's.
That romance is sincere: More than almost anything else, these programs somehow communicate the impression that their creators believe in them.
She stopped. ''I don't write victims,'' she said. ''You become your fantasy. You know what I want to do next? Madame Mao - the actress who ruled a half-billion people. That's power. Always be splashy. Always be theatrical. Go to your fantasies. You know who plays Madame Mao?'' Mrs. Shapiro smiled. ''Faye Dunaway,'' she said. The tablecloth was clean.


Currently, the world is home to 7,260,044,188 people. By the time this article has been written, another 50,000 will have joined our ranks. Tack on another million by the the time it's published and voila -- we come back to the age old dilemma of the ever expanding human race.
How will I ever set myself apart? Fear not! After years of philosophy, science and literature, our friends at SnagFilms have finally found the answer.
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I am over the half way point on my Pfeffernuse quilt. I have the hour glass blocks done. I have the neutral string blocks done and am well on way to having the brown string blocks done.
That has left me looking forward to borders and backings. I keep very little yardage around here and didn't think I had anything. I was right so I went to Whittles Fabrics online to see if there was anything I could find. I wanted browns….
and I found them. See?
I'm happy with these. Ordering fabric online that I can't see is sometimes a little risky but this came through perfectly.
Here's my plan…The top one is going to be the border and the binding. In a quilt like this I like to make the border and binding the same color. It's easy and I don't have to find something else to match. I thought browns were pretty much all the same but learned my lesson when hunting for fabric…there are red-browns, warm browns, taupe browns. Me, I wanted warm browns and I think I found it.
The bottom one is going to be my backing. Happily it's even backing fabric so I don't need to seam it together. I think that piecing backings is one of my least favorite jobs when making a quilt..silly, I know. It typically only is one seam but it's my least favorite part.
After the fabrics came I looked at back at the pattern. UGH. I forgot that I needed a neutral for an an inner border. That one, I don't plan on fretting about too much. If I don't have enough yardage here I think I'll simply make it scrappy too.
I'm happy to know that if I get this top together I keep going full steam ahead. The border is here..the backing is here and the binding is too. Maybe there's hope I can get a quilt finished…but first I have to finish up those charity quilt tops.
Today I'm hooking up with Patchwork Times.
This entry was posted in Stash Report on November 20, 2016 by Jo.
Great fabric choices, you find the best ones at Whittles, a shop I need to go check out.
Very pretty–I especially love that backing fabric.
Enjoy the holiday this week.
That is going to be very pretty!!
I love the top brown fabric. That would be fun as a backing to a quilt. You could just try and follow the curvy lines.


text:
Janavar
MerseyBeat
Custom/Efx
DRUMMER, COMPOSER, SOUND ARTIST, WRITER, TEACHER
www.lisaschonberg.com
instagram: @lisaannschonberg
Lisa Schonberg is a drummer, composer, sound artist, writer and teacher with a background in entomology and ecology. She began playing drums as a child in Staten Island, NY. Lisa received her Masters in Environmental Studies at the Evergreen State College in Olympia, WA with a focus on ant biodiversity in the Neotropics. She merges her interests by using field recording, writing, and music composition to document soundscapes, insects, and habitat, with the goal of drawing attention to environmental issues. Her recent work includes investigations of the endangered native Hawaiian Hylaeus bees and old growth forests in Oregon. Lisa recently returned from a third year of field work with ATTA (Amplifying the Tropical Ants) in the Brazilian Amazon, where she has been investigating ant bioacoustics with entomologists and creating music and sound work from the results.
Her compositions are performed by percussion/electronic music groups UAU and Secret Drum Band. Lisa also performs in the multimedia improv group Ecology Ensemble with Dana Reason, Mike Gamble, and visual artist Paris Myers, and composes with mutli-instrumentalist Kristina Dutton in their socially engaged project Pattern Ecology. Her past bands include Explode into Colors, STLS and Kickball.
Lisa is the author of The DIY Guide to Drums, The Hylaeus Project: A Documentation of the Endangered Native Bees of Hawaii, and Fieldguided, a series of books on insects and their habitats. She co-directed the artist collective Environmental Impact Statement, which asked artists to respond to development on public lands and interjects artist work into environmental policy-making. She is a regular contributor to Tom Tom Magazine and She Shreds magazine. She has performed with DUBAIS, Thao With The Get Down Stay Down, Taka Yamamoto, Mirah, Tara Jane Oneil, Tuneyards, Cloud Eye Control, The Need, Erase Errata, Peter Broderick with Gabriel Saloman, and others. Lisa has received support from the Regional Arts and Culture Council, the Oregon Arts Commission, Arc Teryx, The Oregon Community Foundation, Calligram, and The Andy Warhol Foundation For The Visual Arts. She been an artist in residence at the Banf Centre, Labverde (BR), HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (OR), Spring Creek Project (OR), A-Z West (CA), and Signal Fire. She has performed at The American Museum of Natural History, the Brooklyn Museum, the Pompidou, High Desert Test Sites, the Time-Based Arts Festival (Portland), Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, and has presented lectures throughout the US and in Brazil. Lisa currently resides in Portland, Oregon and teaches private drum lessons at Revival Drum Shop.
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Copyright Cymbal & Gong 2020


Float Rower is based on the idea that existing rowing machines do not provide a realistic experience for rowers and because of this are unable to exercise many of the key muscle groups that rowers need to develop. The ideal solution is a rowing machine that behaves as if it were on water and responds to all the many inputs and actions that rowers would normally impart. A much better training aid for rowers and a vastly superior work out for those just looking to exercise at home or in the gym.
Float Rower creates the experience of floating and rowing on water. Its innovative and unique float and roll system brings the sensation of being on the water, to dry land. Built onto an elegant chassis, the floating and rolling monorail, resistance mechanism and seat give you the sensation of sitting on a rowing racing boat and improve technical training and develop greater strength and core stability. Float Rower has two fully independent resistance mechanisms to develop rowing technique simultaneously with strength, fitness and endurance.
Float Rower incorporates pitch and roll with a moving resistance mechanism. The seat and feet geometry align directly with those found in a rowing boat, so that all the work on land can be directly transferred when rowing on water. The sophisticated user interface features touch screen technology and can display and record all aspects of a rowers input, including stroke length, left and right power, pitch and roll. Multiple units can be connected by linking the float and roll parts to row as a crew whilst the wireless displays allow individual or a whole crew performance to be compared.
Proposition work started in April 2014, research test rigs were designed and tested during 2014 leading to an initial prototype being tested in April 2015. Further development and a refined prototype was completed in August 2016 for evaluation and testing. All design work was conducted in the UK.
The production version of Float Rower is an amalgamation of custom aluminium extrusions, CNC fabricated aluminium tubes, aluminium castings, injection mouldings and large RIM mouldings. The materials, processes and design details have been selected to satisfy mechanical strength requirements whilst optimising the solutions for the lightest weight, within commercially acceptable cost constraints.
The project began in a design workshop to explore unmet needs in the general area of rowing machines. The workshop included an expert rower and the initial ideas emerged from a sharing of different experiences, leading to possible innovations based on a rower's idealised wish list. User insight research was conducted to build on the original proposition, resulting in a specification that included other training related requirements. Subsequent research was based on validating the right experiences from a wide cross section of rowers with different standards, genders and ages.
The primary creative challenge was to create the experience of rowing on water via a mechanical simulation system that also reacts to rower input. Following initial research into the important perceptions of rowing experiences, the challenge was to balance these expectations against realistic manufacturing costs. The research challenge was to identify key user groups and record their insights following trials. This iterative approach involved considerable effort in developing and honing reactive sub systems to mimic complex natural feedbacks.
Float Rower was founded by Anthony Hamilton who has a proven record in sports training development, in particular with motor racing. Anthony develops systematic approaches to physical activity preparation, leading to greater success and confidence building. His latest innovation is the Float Rower – a rowing machine that simulates the experience of rowing on water in order to deliver a more comprehensive workout and prepare the high-level rower more immersively for on-water competition.
Float Rower Indoor Rowing MacHine by La Design is a Nominee in Sports, Entertainment and Recreation Equipment Design Category.
Float Rower Indoor Rowing MacHine by La Design is Winner in Sports, Entertainment and Recreation Equipment Design Category, 2016 - 2017.
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Did you like Float Rower Indoor Rowing MacHine? Help us create a global awareness for good sports equipment design worldwide. Show your support for La Design, the creator of great sports equipment design by gifting them a nomination ticket so that we could promote more of their great sports equipment designs.


text:
Beer Mountain Goat In Breed: Westy Kong
Mountain Goat (Asahi)
Released July 2nd, 2018 2018-07-02 00:00:00
Given his role at Mountain Goat involves being both brewer and barrel man, you'd think Craig "Westy" Westwood might have opted for something barrel aged for his latest entry in the brewery's In Breed series (so called as they're created by people that work there). But, aside from the barrels that appear on the Donkey Kong† aping labels, they are nowhere to be seen. Instead, he's returned to the realm of brown ales, as he did for his first In Breed four years ago.
Here, however, he has given the beer a little something extra in the form of hazelnut meal, turning it into a hazelnut brown ale. There's a fair selection of specialty malt in there too and alcohol content that sits at 6.4 percent. If that has you prepared for something sweet, rich and wantonly nutty, think again, however, as he's taken all the constituent parts and put them together in such a way that everything is served in subtle measures, creating a straight down the line, faintly nutty brown ale light enough on its feet to make barrel-hopping a cinch
† We originally wrote King Kong. It had been a long week...!
Hazelnut Brown Ale
35 IBU
Tapped at the brewery June 29
Nationwide from July 6
80 North Street Richmond
Wednesdays and Fridays from 5pm
Sunday: midday to 6pm
Free every Wednesday at 6.30pm and Sunday at 1.30pm.
Try All Mountain Goat New Releases!


This spacious 5,438 sq. Ft. unfurnished home features four bedrooms, five bathrooms, two living rooms, private dining room, library nook, a large den for additional sleeping or living space, and seven balconies. A private elevator lobby and large foyer lead to grand French doors at the entrance of the home, leading to spectacular southern mountain views and stunning northern down valley views from the twelfth floor. Keep cozy with three gas fireplaces throughout, perfect for family gatherings or a soiree with friends. The spacious master suite is complete with two walk-in closets and large bathroom, including separate his and her steam showers, luxurious free-standing spa-like tub, and private balcony. An extraordinary mountain getaway, residence 1252 is the last remaining penthouse available at montage residences deer valley.


We invite you to join us for a delicious and relaxing dining experience. We believe in utilizing only the best ingredients, prepared to perfection to bring new American cuisine to your table. Join us and we will take care of the rest.