Read our frequently asked questions to find out about charitable grants, how to search for a grant and how to apply.
IMPORTANT TIP: It's worth searching for yourself, your partner/ex or the child/adult you're caring for - you may get different results.
Each fund will have their own process that people will need to follow.
How many online enquiries can I make?
Each person who registers to use Turn2us's services can have three online enquiries at any one time.
Some funds say I must apply through an intermediary. Why?
Health and social care professionals, such as nurses, GPs, therapists and social workers.
Advisers from Citizens Advice and other advice organisations.
Staff and volunteers from charities working with people in financial need.
Someone who speaks on your behalf (advocate or representative) - for example advocates for people with learning disabilities.
Charitable funds may be able to help you find someone to apply on your behalf. Try contacting them or check their website if you can't find an intermediary.
How quickly will the charitable fund reply?
The necessary checks they need to make in order to consider your request for help. Some charitable funds use committees to assess applications. How frequently these meet will vary - they may meet once a month or less frequently. Others have caseworkers or other support staff who assess the applications and, in some cases, make home visits to applicants.
Make sure you complete the enquiry and application forms fully and provide as much information as possible to support your case. If details that they have asked you for are missing or you do not supply documents they have asked for, this will delay the process.
If the fund accepts my initial enquiry will I get a grant?
No. This means that, based on the information you have provided on your enquiry form, the charitable fund thinks they may be able to help you. They will then progress your enquiry to the more formal application stage where they will assess your needs and eligibility for a grant in more detail and decide whether or not they can help you.
The charitable fund should be able to advise you how long their application process usually takes.
If successful how will my grant be paid?
This will depend on the charitable fund awarding the grant.
You may be paid by cheque or through a direct bank transfer using a system likes the Bankers Automated Clearing System (BACS).
Some charities won't pay the grant directly to the person requiring help but to an intermediary organisation involved in their care.
Some charities give grants as 'gifts in kind'. This means that they would buy certain items, such as furniture, telephones, televisions or disability equipment on behalf of their beneficiaries – especially if they can get a better price because they are a charity or through buying in bulk.
Sometimes, items such as disability equipment are given as a loan (free of charge or at a low rental cost) rather than as a gift.
The charitable fund will advise you further.
There is no 'entitlement' to charitable grants, which are given at the discretion of each charitable fund.
Unfortunately, your application to a charitable fund may be refused. The fund should give you a reason when replying to you to tell you that they cannot help you.
For some other reason that is specific to the charitable fund you have applied for.
The charity may suggest other sources of help for you to try.
You can also use the Turn2us Grants Search to search for other charitable funds that may be able to help you, depending on your personal circumstances, background and need.
Unfortunately, in some cases, you may not qualify for help from any organisation listed on our database.
Most funds will not give a grant if there are welfare benefits you could be claiming.
If you get regular payments from the fund they are not counted as income and will not reduce your benefits.
If you get goods instead (payments in kind), this is ignored as income unless you are getting Income Support or income-based Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) and are involved in a trade dispute.
Irregular charitable payments count as capital rather than income. However, if you are involved in a trade dispute, they can count as income for Income Support (IS) or income-based Jobseeker's Allowance (iJSA).
If an irregular payment takes your capital above the higher capital limit of £16,000, you will lose your entitlement to means-tested benefits, with the exception of Guarantee Pension Credit (GPC). If you are receiving GPC, no capital limit would apply to Housing Benefit.
Whether it is counted as income for tax credits depends on whether the charitable income is taxable. You should inform HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) who would be able to confirm.
You should get advice from a benefits expert on this subject. You can use our Find an Adviser tool to find a local expert.


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How a New Effort to Trace Emissions, Led by Al Gore, Could Reshape Climate Talks
Soeren Stache—Picture Alliance/Getty Images
By Justin Worland
July 16, 2020 2:24 PM EDT
As countries entered the final months of talks ahead of the Paris Agreement in 2015, China offered a big revelation: the country had burned substantially more coal than it had previously acknowledged in the preceding years.
Many diplomats took the voluntary acknowledgment as a sign of good faith. Nonetheless, the update underscored the broader challenges that climate change activists face when it comes to data collection. Historically, there's been no way for third parties to directly gather data on the greenhouse gas emissions of both public and private entities, and so any concerted effort to reduce emissions has required trusting companies and governments to tell the truth about how much they're polluting.
Now, a new coalition of nine climate and technology organizations calling themselves Climate Trace say they have used satellite data, artificial intelligence and other technology to track greenhouse-gas emissions from across the globe remotely. At the micro level, the platform allows users to track emissions down to the level of individual factories, ships and power plants. In aggregate, the platform will allow for a collective accounting of the how the world is doing in the effort to reduce emissions.
"We are creating, in a way, a massively distributed body cam for the planet," says former Vice President Al Gore, who has helped lead the initiative. In other words, if a given country claims to have reduced, say power-plant emissions, other countries will soon be able to immediately tap into Climate Trace and get data to verify the claim.
The problem Climate Trace aims to solve is as old as the climate challenge itself. Emissions data are often collected by local governments and authorities and collated at a national level. For that reason, the validity of the data can vary significantly from country to country and region to region. This has created distrust and disagreement about what data can be trusted—and by extension which governments can be relied upon to follow through on their commitments to reduce emissions.
Creating a system that would provide a single, reliable data set is as much an organizational feat as a technical one. Individual countries and other organizations have their own satellites, as well as other ground-level tracking tools, that collect greenhouse-gas emissions data. But these countries, companies and even non-profits often have competing interests and, therefore, aren't necessarily inclined to collaborate.
The organizations behind Climate Trace intend to bring that data together. Instead of launching a new satellite, they have gained access to data from dozens of sources, including satellites and ground observations, and are crunching the information in a way that no organization has yet been able to do. "They can construct something that none of them can do individually," says Paul Bodnar, a former energy and climate official in the Obama Administration who now serves as a managing director at the Rocky Mountain Institute, which is working on the project.
Accurately monitoring the world's emissions from afar would be a significant feat that could reshape many key points of debate among those working to fight climate change. Countries would be able to verify that their counterparts are following through on emissions reductions commitments, governments could crack down on companies that are covering up their true footprint and environmental groups could trace illegal forestry practices that are reducing forest cover and emitting carbon in the process.
To do that, "we're going to need power-plant, in fact, boiler-level information in literally real time for every single power plant in the world," says Gavin McCormick, executive director of WattTime, a coalition member that works to advance clean energy.
The project is currently in prototype mode, but Gore and his partners say they plan to offer an accounting of global emissions by next October ahead of COP26, a key climate conference in Glasgow scheduled to begin Nov. 1, 2021. Gore says he has been in contact with the conference organizers about how to implement it. This would be a major advance. In the talks that led to the Paris Agreement, discussions about how to monitor, report and verify emissions lasted long into the conference, with many negotiators concerned about the possibility that some countries might cheat. Climate Trace would allow for instant monitoring and verification.
"It's an entirely different proposition to have real time and near real time data," says Gore. "When we can trace the source of all significant emissions, then it creates a new reality."
Write to Justin Worland at justin.worland@time.com.
A Revolution's Evolution: Inside Extinction Rebellion's Attempt to Reform Its Climate Activism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Mina Patel Sooch
Select a Section Advisory Board Faculty Mentors in Motion Team
Founder & General Partner
Apjohn Ventures Fund
Mina Sooch is President and CEO of ProNAi. She has over 20 years of pharmaceutical and healthcare experience as a venture capitalist, entrepreneur, and advisor for operations, strategy and finance. She co-founded Apjohn Ventures, Apjohn Group, several local biotech start-ups including Afmedica and ProNAi, and served as entrepreneur-in-residence at Northcoast VC in Michigan. Ms. Sooch has served on over 10 private, public, and VC industry boards including biotech companies ProNAi and Zystor, and past chairman of the Board of theMichigan Venture Capital Association. She served as global account manager at Monitor Group, a top tier global strategy consulting firm based in Boston from 1993-2000. Her client base consisted of mid-cap and large-cap healthcare companies and multi-billion dollar private equity companies. With a focus on M&A and partnership deals, she worked on over 30 deals including $7B Pharmacia & Upjohn merger in 1995. Ms. Sooch received a MBA from Harvard Business School in 1993. She graduated summa cum laude and commencement speaker fromWayne State University in 1989 with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering.
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Neighbors: Vandals mar Bradford County's oldest church
Bradford County's oldest church has been the victim of recent vandalism.
Neighbors: Vandals mar Bradford County's oldest church Bradford County's oldest church has been the victim of recent vandalism. Check out this story on stargazette.com: http://stargaz.tt/1rG6lAi
jkingsley@stargazette.com | @SGJenniferK Published 7:00 p.m. ET July 25, 2014 | Updated 10:35 a.m. ET July 31, 2014
The church, built in 1822, won't hold its annual summer service this year because of the extensive damage.
The Old Methodist Church along U.S. Route 6 between Burlington and West Burlington has been vandalized in recent months. (Photo: JENNIFER KINGSLEY / STAFF PHOTO )Buy Photo
Vandals have caused extensive damage to the nearly 200-year-old Old Methodist Church near Burlington.
For the first time since 1857, the traditional service and picnic will not be held in August.
Paranormal tales attract people to the church.
Revolutionary War soldiers are buried in the cemetery surrounding the historic church.
For nearly as many years as it has been in existence, the Old Methodist Church along U.S. Route 6 has garnered attention from passersby and local residents for its simplicity, peaceful atmosphere and occasional paranormal tales. The church, nestled on a hillside between the boroughs of Burlington and West Burlington in Bradford County, has always been open to the public. But recent vandalism has its caretakers closing its doors at night.
At first, the church was shuttered. Then vandals broke the doors and smashed 12 windows from the inside of the two-story wood-frame structure. Most recently, someone destroyed the wood railing — original to the church — in front of the octagon pulpit and lit a fire inside the church. The back of one of the organs also was destroyed.
Empty liquor bottles, beer cans and cigarette butts litter the floor as fast as caretakers can clean. Someone even climbed into the attic and fell through the ceiling, another expensive repair to be done. It frustrates caretakers, all of whom volunteer their time.
The repairs and cleanup will be costly, said Audrey Schanbacher, one of the church's longtime committee members and a descendant of James McKean, one of its co-founders. "I don't know why anyone would do such things," she said.
"I think people think this church is abandoned or condemned," Audrey said. "If they look around, they'll realize it isn't. Would the lawn be mowed each week if the church was abandoned?"
New signs have been placed on the property to let visitors know they can no longer visit after dark. And for the first time since 1857, the annual church service and community picnic will not be held this year because of the extensive damage. The service is usually held the second Sunday in August.
"The police have been notified, but there isn't much they can do unless they catch them in the act," Audrey said.
She hopes community members will keep a watchful eye on the church — and notify police when something seems amiss.
The church, built in 1822, is Bradford County's oldest existing church, said Audrey's son, Phillip Schanbacher, who serves as the church historian. Its cemetery contains the graves of Revolutionary War soldiers and one of the county's earliest politicians, Samuel McKean (1787-1841), who was elected to represent Pennsylvania's 9th District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1823 to 1829.
"The original church was built in 1794, but it burned in 1799," Phillip said. "A hewn-log church was built here in 1800. In 1822, they tore that one down and built this one. At the time, it served as a church and a school."
The carvings on the back of some pews tell an unintentional story. "Girls sat on one side, boys on the other," Phillip said. "The boys had pocket knives."
And then there are the signatures, some dating as far back as 1887, on the walls of the church entrances. The evolution of script is evident with each dated scrawl, a longtime tradition for visitors.
The writings announce the births of children, dates the church was cleaned, weddings, renovations and visits, including some from ministers.
Caretakers don't mind new signatures, as long as they don't cover the others. "It's a piece of history," Audrey said.
In 2006, the church underwent a structural preservation. Rob Hartmann, a contractor from Towanda, did the restoration work. He donated about $5,000 worth of material and labor toward the $25,000 tab.
Rob, who attended services at the church as a child, called it a "labor of love." If he didn't have a family to feed, he said he would have donated all the work.
"One of the elements of the restoration was keeping the church as close to its original craftsmanship as possible," Rob said.
Rob and his crew replaced the stone foundation, placed support cables in the building to support a deteriorated beam in the attic, and replaced the wide-plank floor boards under the pews.
Varnish has never been used on any of the woodwork inside the buildings. It's how members of the Old Burlington Church committee intend to keep it. Simple. No electricity, no running water and no modern conveniences.
One thing caretakers don't like are the paranormal tales of a haunted church. "That really isn't the kind of publicity we want," Phillip said.
But there are some unexplained phenomena that can't be denied. Through the years, several fires have been started inside the church, but the building has yet to burn. The scorch marks are visible on the wood floor.
A few years ago, one of the largest pine trees on the property was leaning toward the church. Caretakers were concerned it might fall on the building. Before they could call a professional to cut the tree, a strong gust of wind sent it in another direction before it toppled to the ground. The church was unscathed.
Phillip calls it divine intervention.
"Some people claim they've heard ghosts whisper, 'Get out,'" Phillip said. "I have a different theory. Maybe it's a guardian angel whispering to them, knowing those people are up to no good."
Jennifer Kingsley is a staff writer for the Star-Gazette. Call her at (607) 271-8280 or send an email to jkingsle@gannett.com.
Read or Share this story: http://stargaz.tt/1rG6lAi


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NAIROBI - The ringleader of the 1994 Rwanda genocide was sentenced yesterday to life in prison for his role in the early days of an ethnic slaughter that eventually killed an estimated 800,000 people.
Theoneste Bagosora, 67, was the highest-ranking military officer convicted at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The former colonel's prosecution was viewed as a significant step in efforts to punish war crimes.
"This victory sends a message to people like the warlords in Darfur or those committing horrendous rapes and killing in Congo," said Barbara Mulvaney, a Southern California attorney who served as chief prosecutor. "Every time one of these guys goes down, the message is: Sooner or later you are going to be held accountable."
Judges found that Bagosora, as Cabinet director of the Defense Ministry, was culpable in the deaths of former Rwandan Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, four opposition leaders and 10 Belgian peacekeepers. He was also convicted of overseeing four days of deadly rampages around the country.
But judges rejected allegations that Bagosora and others plotted as early as 1990 to prepare for the genocide. Tribunal officials had charged Bagosora with "conspiracy to commit genocide," hoping a conviction on that charge would refute those who still deny genocide occurred and claim the violence was a spontaneous eruption of ethnic hostility.
The judges affirmed that genocide took place but ruled that evidence was insufficient to prove Bagosora and others conspired to commit the mass killings.
The 100-day massacre began in April 1994 and pitted Hutu extremists against Tutsi and Hutu moderates. Incited by hate messages on radio and armed by government officials, ordinary Rwandans - including teachers, doctors and priests - carried out much of the killing with machetes.
The verdict brought a much-needed victory to the UN-sponsored tribunal, which has come under fire for spending too much time and money in prosecuting crimes that occurred 14 years ago. By convicting the man many viewed as the mastermind, the tribunal has accomplished one of its chief mandates, legal experts said.
The tribunal has "done a pretty decent job of bringing to justice the people behind the genocide," said Sara Darehshori, attorney at Human Rights Watch who served as a tribunal prosecutor in 1995-97.
The court also served as a model for the development of an international justice system, including the International Criminal Court. "Just a few years ago these kinds of crimes were swept under the rug," she said. "But in a short time that's changed, and that is in large part due to this tribunal."
In Rwanda, where ethnic tension between Hutus and Tutsis is still raw, the verdict was received coolly. When the sentence was announced during a meeting in the capital, lawmakers remained silent. At times, the government has clashed with the tribunal over who should try suspects.
But some genocide survivors expressed satisfaction. "This justice is going to help the victims of the genocide recover their dignity," said Didacienne Mukahabeshimana, a Rwandan human-rights activist who is half-Hutu and half-Tutsi.
As the verdict was read in the tribunal's courtroom in Arusha, Tanzania, television pictures showed Bagosora sitting quietly, separated from a public gallery by bulletproof glass and listening to translation through earphones.
He showed no emotion as the sentence was rendered but afterward smiled and posed for photos with his attorneys.
Under the rules of the tribunal, a death sentence was not an option.
During his defense, Bagosora denied genocide occurred and claimed he was powerless to stop the mobs.


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A CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF A SLIDING OR SWINGING DOOR
"A CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF A SLIDING OR SWINGING DOOR" A control device for the movement of a sliding or swinging door (1) in the end closing range (x) of a door leaf (2), wherein, by means of a freewheel mechanism (8), the movement of the door leaf (2) is always possible in closing direction but the movement in opening direction only when a brake coupling (9) or other fixing for the part of the freewheel mechanism remote from the door leaf is released, and wherein a device is provided for determining the door position, characterised in that conventional means which may be provided for jamming protection in the predetermined end closing range (x) are deactivated so that, as long as the door leaf (2) is situated in the end closing range (x), the current supply to the door drive (5) and thus the closing force (F), which acts on the door leaf (2), is reduced to a lower value (FS), and in that the brake, coupling (9), which acts on the part of the freewheel mechanism (8) remote from the door leaf, is released.
[See Section 10 ; rule 13]]
"A CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF A SLIDING OR
SWINGING DOOR"
KNORR-BREMSE GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG, of Beethovengasse 43-45, A-2340 Modling, Austria.
The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed :-
The invention relates to a control of the movement of a sliding or swinging and sliding door of a vehicle in its end closing area wherein, by means of a free wheel, a ratchet, or the like, the movement of the door leaf in the closing direction is always possible, but the movement in the opening direction only when a brake, coupling or other fixation for the part of the free wheel remote from the door leaf is lifted, and wherein a device for determining the door position is present. Such a door, for example, is known from EP 0 673 464 A, corresponding to AT 401 082 B. The contents of these publications are included by reference into this description.
For automatic doors of all kinds, which are remote-controlled or actuated by an automatic time control or the like, measures are provided in order to prevent that persons or objects can be pinched by the closing door and can thus be injured or damaged in this way or that it occurs that persons or objects caught in this way remain caught when the train is moving.
In many cases, sensors are used in the sealing area of the main closing edge of the door in order to detect such a pinching. The main closing edge refers to that vertical edge of the door which upon closing movement of the door is leading. The vertical edge which during the closing movement of the door is trailing is the auxiliary closing edge. For double-wing doors, the main closing
edges of the symmetrically arranged wings abut one another in the closed state of the door, while the auxiliary closing edges rest against the door frame.
In the area of the seals of these main closing edges, often in the interior of the hollow seals, corresponding sensors are arranged which recognize when the seal, before reaching the closed end position, impacts on an obstacle resulting in the possibility or risk of pinching a person or an object. Known strategies for operating the closing mechanisms of such doors reside in that either the drive device is reversed and after a predetermined time a new closing attempt is undertaken or the closing process is interrupted for a predetermined time in order to allow the passengers to remove objects, which up to this point have only been slightly pinched, if at all, and to subsequently complete the closing process. All of these and other strategies have different advantages and disadvantages, such as the time expenditure, the control expenditure and the energy expenditure, and require in many cases in addition to this control also components and attachments in the door area, in particular, also the sensors which are expensive with respect to their servicing.
Of course, there are also other methods and devices as a safety measure against becoming pinched; however, since none of them does relate to the problems addressed in the following, they will not be explained in more detail in this context.
In many cases, pinching of an arm, a leg, a bag, a dog occurs in the last part of the closing movement, in the so-called closing end area. When in this context the entire safety process is carried
out, i.e., the door is again opened and the closing process is then again repeated, entirely superfluous delays will result which, moreover, invite the public to open other doors in order to board, which causes even, more delays in the boarding process.
The size of the aforementioned end closing area can be determined by the respective operator of the train or can be determined by law for each state and, in most cases, is approximately 150 mm, measured at the main closing edge and starting from its closed end position or between the main closing edges for double-wing doors. In the following, the term end closing area is used in connection with the door leaf as well as in connection with different parts of the door leaf or the door drive. Since each of these parts has a defined position when the door leaf (even more precisely: its main closing edge) has reached the closing end area, this wording is clear and definite.
It is an object of the invention to provide for a door of the aforementioned kind a safety device against pinching, in particular, for the end closing area of the door, wherein this no longer concerns the release of persons as a whole but instead the goal to not separate luggage or dogs or the like from the correlated person, which device is operated only by the door control itself, provides the greatest possible safety, and eliminates additional components in the door area and thus also the required servicing and inspection of such components, which are otherwise always required.
According to the invention it is therefore proposed that possibly present conventional measures as a pinch-protection in the
predetermined end closing area are deactivated; that, as long as the door leaf is in the closing end area, the electric current supply of the door drive and thus the closing force, which acts onto the door leaf (the door leaves) is reduced such that a stopping and opening of the door leaf (the door leaves) for normal users is possible despite the electric current supply; and that the brake, coupling or the like, which acts onto the part of the free wheel remote from the door leaf, is lifted.
This makes it possible that no time-consuming measures in the end closing area are carried out, as they were required previously, but that only the passenger has the option to push the door open to such an extent that he can pull in bags, umbrellas etc. through the pushed-open gap. When the opening force ceases, the closing process is immediately continued.
In this connection it is provided according to the invention that the manual pushing-open of the door during the interrupted closing process is possible only across the predetermined end closing area and that, when the monitoring device for the door position has determined that this predetermined area has been.left behind, the brake, coupling or the like is again engaged so that a further opening is not possible. In this way it is possible to free pinched objects, but it is prevented that the doors will become the playground for youths or irresponsible persons.
In one embodiment of the invention it is furthermore provided that after a predetermined time the brake, coupling or the like is engaged in any case (for normal closing it will engage anyway upon reaching the end position or when locking occurs) in order to be
able to maintain operation in any case. Since the train driver, when the train is leaving, can overlook the doors at least for the most part, no safety problems can occur.
In a further variant it can be provided that the brake, coupling or the like engages when the train reaches a predetermined speed.
In yet another variant it can be provided that, upon leaving the station, the brake, coupling or the like can be actuated by a signal. With this embodiment, operation is possible even when a complete closure of the door leaf has not been achieved, even though this is desirous as described in the following, because of the reduced closing force within the end closing area or because of the wanton pinching of beverage cans - a favorite pastime of some youths.
The force with which the door leaf is loaded within the end closing area must be, on the one hand, so great that even for a soiled guide and solidified or lack of lubricant (winter operation, dry run) closing is possible reliably but that, on the other hand, even children or weak persons can stop the door leaf and "can open it against the closing force within the closing end area. Conventionally, closing forces in the range of 50 to 150 N, preferably of approximately 75 N, are suitable for this purpose.
The invention can be configured in most different ways and adapted to the conditions of use. For example,, the end closing area in which the brake, coupling or the like is lifted can be greater than the area in which the closing force is reduced. This achieves that
in an emergency situation the doors can be opened father by a great force expenditure than with a normal force action.
The invention will be explained in the following purely
schematically with the aid of the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a door which is furnished according to the invention,
in the closed state;
Fig. 2 shows the door of Fig. 1 with the door leaves in the closing
end area; and
Fig. 3 shows some operating states within and outside of the
closing end area.
Fig. 1 shows, purely schematically, a door 1 with two door leaves 2. These are moved by a door drive 4 between their closed and their open positions. The actual guides are not illustrated in order to avoid cluttering the drawing. The door drive 4 is comprised substantially of a motor 5 which drives a spindle 10 in rotation, with integrated position transponder which determines, by monitoring the rotational movement of the spindle, the position of the door leaves 2. Each door leaf 2 is fixedly connected by means of an arm with a nut 6 threaded onto a spindle 10 so that upon rotation of .the spindle 10 each door leaf 2 is moved correspondingly.
The spindle 10 supports at the end facing away from the motor 5 a free wheel 8 which cooperates with the spindle such that a rotational movement in the direction, which corresponds to the closing direction of the door leaf, is always possible. The rotational movement in the counter direction, however, is blocked by it. In order to be able to open the door, it is provided that
the end of the free wheel 8 remote from the spindle is not fixedly fastened on the car body 11 but is connected by means of a coupling 9 or a brake or a similar releasable mechanism. This achieves that, upon releasing the coupling 9, the part of the free wheel 8 remote from the spindle can move in the opening direction and makes possible the opening of the door 1.
In Fig. 1, the closed position of the door is illustrated, the end switch 7 has recognized this "position" and has switched off the electric current supply of the door drive and the door or the door leaves 2 are locked. A possibly applied force 3 in the opening direction cannot push the door open.
Fig. 2 shows the door 1 at the border of the closing end area. Depending on the applied standard or the applied law, the width x is of a different magnitude, in most cases it is 150 mm. Upon closing of the door outside of the closing end area, each door leaf is loaded with a closing force FO which ensures a quick closing action. According to the invention, within the closing end area, upon normal closing of the door 1, the closing force is lowered to a predetermined value FS (schematically indicated in the area of the nut 6) which is selected such that, on the one hand, it allows a complete closing even under adverse conditions (cold, dry run, soiled guides), and, on the other hand, prevents reliably injury of persons or animals. At the same time, in this area the coupling 9 is lifted so that the users of the door can open it against the reduced closing force FS (inasmuch as the applied force 3 is greater than the closing force FS) because in this way a reversal of the rotational direction of the spindle is enabled.
This course of action can be seen in Fig. 3 which schematically shows the course of the closing force across the closing movement as a function of the respective position of the door leaf: As long as the end closing area x has not yet been reached, the closing force FO is present at the door leaf; when reaching the closing end area, the closing force is reduced to the predetermined lower value FS. At the same time, the brake which has been engaged up to this point (hatched area) is lifted (dotted area) and in this way the free wheel becomes moveable even in the otherwise locked rotational direction.
The position transponder in the motor 5 recognizes that the end
closing area has been reached or left and, in the latter case,
engages again the coupling 9 in order to prevent "playing" with the
The opening of the door is realized, as is conventional with these
systems, by the brake or the like being lifted, and the door drive
then acts with the predetermined, mostly full, force.
As can be taken from the above, there are many possibilities to realize the invention technically. For example, the position transponder can be provided separately from the motor and can also comprise and fulfill at the same time the end switch 7 and its function; it is also possible in the case of double-wing doors that the spindle acts only on one wing and that the other wing can be driven by means of a circulating band or the like; it is possible to provide the free wheel and the coupling at the motor even when this is expedient only in exceptional situations because of the complex support of the motor; and many other variations.
It is important that, in the end closing area of the door 1 or the door leaf 2, its closing force is reduced from FO to FS, that its opening lock is released, and that, if present, in the end closing area x other mechanisms to prevent pinching are deactivated.
1. A control device for the movement of a sliding or swinging door (1) in the end closing range (x) of a door leaf (2), wherein, by means of a freewheel mechanism (8), the movement of the door leaf (2) is always possible in closing direction but the movement in opening direction only when a brake coupling (9) or other fixing for the part of the freewheel mechanism remote from the door leaf is released, and wherein a device is provided for determining the door position, characterised in that conventional means which may be provided for jamming protection in the predetermined end closing range (x) are deactivated so that, as long as the door leaf (2) is situated in the end closing range (x), the current supply to the door drive (5) and thus the closing force (F), which acts on the door leaf (2), is reduced to a lower value (FS), and in that the brake, coupling (9), which acts on the part of the freewheel mechanism (8) remote from the door leaf, is released.
2. A control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brake, coupling (9) drops after a predetermined time interval has elapsed.
3. A control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brake, coupling (9) drops when the train reaches a predetermined speed.
4. A control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brake, coupling (9) is actuated upon leaving the station by a signal generator mounted on the platform.
5. A control device as claimed in any one of preceding claims, wherein the closing force (FS) on the door leaf (2) in the end closing range (x) is 50 N to 150 N, preferably approximately 75 N.
6. A control device as claimed in any one of preceding claims, wherein the end closing range (x) is approximately 150 mm.
Dated 15th day of November, 2001.
[RAJAN AILAVADI] Of Remfry & Sagar Attorney for the applicants
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-abstract(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-abstract(granted)-(16-04-2007).doc
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-cancelled pages(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-claims(granted)-(16-04-2007).doc
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-claims(granted)-(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-correspondence(23-07-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-correspondence(ipo)-(20-10-2006).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-drawing(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-form 1(15-11-2001).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-form 18(22-02-2005).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-form 2(granted)-(16-04-2007).doc
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-form 2(granted)-(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-petition under rule 137(16-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-petition under rule 13816-04-2007).pdf
in-pct-2001-01429-mum-power of authority(07-12-2001).pdf
IN/PCT/2001/01429/MUM
KNORR-BREMSE GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG
BEETHOVENGASSE 43-45, A-2340 MODLING, AUSTRIA.
1 MARTIN FINK WEYRERSTRASSE 28, A-3340 WAIDHOFEN A D YBBS, AUSTRIA.
E05F 15/00
PCT/AT01/00070
1 A 427/2000 2000-03-16 Austria


What do tourists steal from beaches?
Light-fingered visitors have picked up many things from a popular beach in Brighton to take home as souvenirs. Now, the tourism authorities have issued an appeal to tourists to return some of them.


text:
HELP & HELPLINE
ZHJ IN THE NEWS
VICTORY IN IRELAND – A FAIRER AND MORE BALANCED SOLUTION TO THE ZERO HOURS CONTRACTS PROBLEM
By James Johnson-Flint
Some may suggest that the battle for fairness when it comes to contracted hours and the way people are precariously employed will go on forever in the UK. But Ireland, with its similar legal system, has hopefully proved rogue employers in the UK wrong and shown the way forward for British politicians.
On Christmas Day 2018, Ireland's President Higgins signed The Employment (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2018 into law, banning zero hour contracts and giving workers in casual and precarious jobs improved security around their working hours. It is one of the most important pieces of employment law in a generation and is the result of years of campaigning by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions and others
When will the UK see sense and do the same?
Below are the headlines in Ireland's legislation:
Zero hours contracts are banned in most circumstances
It had become practice for some employers to employ workers without guaranteeing them a set number of working hours. Under the Act, employers will no longer be able to use such zero hour contracts except in very limited circumstances, such as to provide cover in emergency situations or to cover short-term absences.
Workers are entitled to a minimum payment if employers fail to provide them with work
Workers have the right to compensation from their employer if they turn up for work but are sent home without work. The minimum payment workers are entitled to is 3 hours pay at the minimum wage rate, or 3 hours at the Joint Labour Committees rate if they work in a sector where an Employment Regulation Order is in force, such as security or contract cleaning.
Workers are entitled to be guaranteed hours of work that reflect their normal working week
Under the Act, workers have the right to be placed on a weekly band of hours that accurately reflect their normal working hours. For example, if their contract of employment guarantees them 10 hours per week but for the last 12-month period they have worked an average 25 hours per week, they are entitled to be placed on a band of hours that guarantees them a minimum of 21 hours per week.
Workers are entitled to a written statement of their terms of employment within the first 5 days
The Act legally requires employers to provide workers with a written statement of their main conditions of employment within the first 5 days of being hired. The statement must include details of workers' daily and weekly working hours, rate of pay and how pay is calculated.
For press enquiries or permission to reuse content, please contact:
Pravin Jeyaraj, Communications Officer, press@zerohoursjustice.org
Images can be downloaded from here. Image of Julian Richer should be credited to Gerardo Jaconelli.
Zero Hour Contract Scotland
Zero Hours Contracts British Summer Time
Zero Hours Contracts Daylight Saving Time
Zero Hours Contracts Gender
Zero Hours Contracts Local Authorities
Zero Hours Contracts Local Councils
Zero Hours Contracts NHS
Zero Hours Contracts Public Sector
Zero Hours Contracts Universities
Zero Hours Contracts Women
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Five qualities to look for in a business partner | Martin, Lord & Osman P.A.
On behalf of Martin, Lord & Osman P.A. on Friday, March 22, 2019.
Finding the right business partner is similar to dating; you may have to try several different options until you meet the right person for you. Unfortunately, there isn't a Tinder app for business partners.
You have to know what you are looking for and what a partner could contribute to your company. Once you know what qualities you want, you narrow down the selection pool for a partner and find the perfect match.
Complementary strengths – You want to have a partnership where each party brings unique advantages to the table. Having different strengths will ensure your company meets expectations in all areas, not just in sales or operations.
Similar goals – While your strengths may be different, you should share a similar goal for the company with your partner. You do not want to constantly fight with your partner about the direction of the business, so find someone who shares your vision.
Shared responsibility – Each partner needs a specific role with defined responsibilities. You do not want a partner who puts all their obligations on you or other staff members, so find someone who wants to take their fair share of duties.
A professional network – Professional contacts are always helpful for a growing business. If you want to bring on a business partner, consider someone who has a professional network that ultimately helps your company. It makes your partnership and business look more appealing to investors.
Trust – One of the most critical factors in a partnership is trust. Without trust, your partnership will crumble and damage your company in the process. You need someone you can lean on for support when times are tough. Make sure you find someone you trust.
Finding the right business partner is only the beginning. In New Hampshire, you also need to register your business, select a business plan, establish the business finances, hire staff and much more. Make sure you and your partner properly prepare before opening your company's doors.
Would you like to leave a gift to a non-profit in your estate?


HELENA – State officials, care providers and advocates for the disabled warned lawmakers Thursday that proposed budget cuts that decrease staffing would hurt not only government's effectiveness in doing its job, but impact residents as well.
The House Appropriations Committee held a hearing on House Bill 2, the state's $10.3 billion spending plan. The hearing is expected to continue Friday.
It includes a proposal to eliminate about 116 full-time positions, which have reportedly been vacant for about a year, from the Department of Public Health and Human Services budget in order to save about $8.8 million in general funds.
DPHHS has a biennial budget of $4.3 billion, or 42 percent of the HB 2 budget, state officials said.
A review from the Montana Budget and Policy Center, a nonprofit organization that does research and analysis on budget, tax and economic issues, notes that the subcommittee has also proposed cutting $3.2 million from the Department of Revenue spending plan, that includes about 37 full-time positions, which is within the Property Assessment Division that certifies property tax values in the local community.
Tom Livers, Gov. Steve Bullock's budget director, warned of problems should the cuts occur.
The Legislature made some decreases in a special session in November 2017 when revenues came in lower than anticipated and the state had a record fire season. Bullock said GOP lawmakers took his proposed budget and revised it to one that was unrealistic. Republicans said the governor had proposed increasing some taxes.
"We all know how we got here," Livers said.
He talked about cuts made during a special session in 2017 when revenues came in lower than anticipated. Livers said it was thought by lawmakers at the time that one way to achieve savings was to not fill positions.
"Not to rehash old battles, but that is the reality," he said.
Livers said the proposed cuts to the Department of Revenue were concerning in that the DOR is an office that generates money.
Livers said lawmakers would be hearing from agency heads who want to talk about restoring positions.
That included any reduction to vocational rehabilitation.
Sheila Hogan, DPHHS director, said she appreciated the committee's willingness to "listen to our proposals," adding her department has worked on them for about a year.
She said there needs to be "a boots on the ground" connection with people in the community, adding the more positions that are cut the more people must wait to receive services.
Hogan said some employees are having to do three to four jobs.
Morgan Smith, representing the Montana Federation of Public Employees, described the situation as dire.
"DPHHS has already been cut to the bone," he said, adding the department cannot take any more reductions.
Megan Bailey, a licensed clinical social worker, said she was concerned about the proposed cuts.
"When I heard about positions being cut it really freaked me out because I think they existed at one point for a reason," she said.
And she warned that it has a trickle-down effect.
"Because positions are cut I can't even do my job, Bailey said.
Rep. Llew Jones, R-Conrad, said he was concerned that there was a lack of communication with some departments, making it a challenge to reach a decision.
Rep. Carl Glimm, R-Kila, said the communication needs to be better.
"When we ask questions we have to have answers," he said.
Senate Republicans said Thursday HB2 is expected to hit the House floor March 19-21 and the Senate was expected to act April 4-10.


text:
Nikdo není dokonalý je český televizní pořad uváděný na  TV Prima.

První verzi pořadu vysílala televize Prima mezi roky 1997 a 2005. Pořad se dočkal obnovy v roce 2010. Hlavním moderátorem byl Jiří Krampol, do každého dílu si pozval dva hosty, kteří hádali počet správných odpovědí na jednoduché otázky pokládané lidem na ulicích. Pořad byl produkován společností Friendly Production.

Externí odkazy

Televizní pořady FTV Prima

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are two video game series in this world that I truly enjoy. One is the set of Tony Hawk skating games, which I've been playing since the days of the old school PlayStation. The other is Grand Theft Auto, which I've really only been playing since Vice City was available for the XBox as half of a double pack along with GTA3 (which I played only a little). The latest installment of GTA is huge, but by some force of luck I actually finished the primary storyline last light.
The final mission took 20-30 minutes of real world time to do. It was insane, and I could/should have failed it any number of times. The main example being when I had to escape from a burning building filled with gunmen. My health meter was empty and flashing, meaning the next hangnail I got would kill me, and then I found some body armor, which allowed me to make it the rest of the way. That wasn't it, though. I was on a timer, too, and only managed to get out of the building with maybe 12 seconds left on the clock.
That was probably only the midpoint of the mission, too. Then I had to drive a car through gang bangers tossing molatov cocktails and all kinds of other craziness.
I ended up finishing with zero health and maybe one third armor.
But I did the damned thing on the first try, and boy am I glad!


text: Farmers suffering distress or the unemployed young chose to consciously overlook their difficulties in the belief that Modi, if given a second chance, would take care of their problems (Agencies)- Last week, in a surprise decision, the prime minister created two new cabinet committees:?one to tackle investment and growth; and the other to handle employment and skill development. Both will be headed by him. This is the first official acknowledgement that the economy faces serious problems. Others were aware of this, but during the elections, the government, at least, would not admit it. As I reflected on this announcement, I was struck by an inexplicable anomaly. Why did falling growth, rural distress and unemployment not affect the way we voted? The opposition repeatedly said it would but the BJP's huge majority leaves no doubt it didn't. Yet these problems have existed for a long while and people have suffered. The facts make this clear. First, growth. In the fourth quarter of last year, it fell to 5.8%, the lowest in 20 quarters. As a result, for last year as a whole, GDP growth was just 6.8%. And the Finance Secretary has admitted it could fall further in the first half of this year. So the environment in which we voted should have been one of concern with the government's performance. Now, rural distress. From the first year of the last Modi government to the third, farmer suicides increased by 42%. before the National Crime Records Bureau stopped releasing figures. During the five years of the Fadnavis government in Maharashtra, farmer suicides almost doubled compared to the previous five years, according to a response from the revenue department of the Maharashtra government to an RTI petition. One explanation for this emerges from Labour Bureau data. They show rural wages only grew 0.5% annually during the first Modi government, and for two of those five years, inflation was greater. Worse, the terms of trade turned significantly against farmers. Whilst the price of what they sold dropped sharply, the cost of things they had to purchase rose steadily. Farmers were getting poorer or, at least, feeling poorer. They should have been unhappy with the government. Finally, unemployment. For a start, the government no longer denies the unemployment rate rose to 6.1% by 2017-18, the highest in 45 years. The situation confronting the young is considerably worse. The same National Sample Survey Office report says youth unemployment more than doubled between 2011-12 and 2017-18. This happened in both rural and urban India. And the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy says unemployment has risen further. This May it averaged 7%. So the unemployed should have turned their backs on the BJP. Now can you understand why I'm perplexed? Given these stark facts falling growth, rural distress and unemployment should have been key determinants of the way we voted. This is what the opposition expected. The fact they weren't has turned all received wisdom on its head. So why didn't the economic situation matter? I have a simple answer: Narendra Modi. Trust in him influenced the vote. Farmers suffering distress or the unemployed young chose to consciously overlook their difficulties in the belief that Modi, if given a second chance, would take care of their problems. I can only guess at how they explained this to themselves. Perhaps they felt if he's given them toilets and electricity, cooking gas and village roads he will, in a second term, do more. And though the toilets may not have water or they cannot replace their gas cylinders, a credible start has nonetheless been made. It's definitely more than they had before. Seen this way, it is not hard to understand why they came to the conclusion that, given a second term, Modi would deliver again. This is nothing but faith in the man.. So what's the conclusion? One man and his charisma, his oratory, strength of conviction and the response he evokes made people forget the reality of their suffering in the hope he can make things better. It's as simple as that. Now is that delusionary? Not at all. Hope of a better future is what keeps us all going, particularly when things have gone wrong.


Abstract. Expository notes on Clifford algebras and spinors with a detailed discussion of Majorana, Weyl, and Dirac spinors. The paper is meant as a review of background material, needed, in particular, in now fashionable theoretical speculations on neutrino masses. It has a more mathematical flavour than the over twenty-six-year-old Introduction to Majorana masses  and includes historical notes and biographical data on past participants in the story.


This is a placeholder page for Prudencio Besona, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Prudencio Besona.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Prudencio Besona. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Prudencio Besona. We created this page automatically in hopes Prudencio Besona would find it. If you are not Prudencio Besona, but are an alumni of South San Francisco High School, register on this site for free now.


PLEASE DO NOT USE private messages on this forum.
I have two accounts one for the shop one for the office. If you pm me at the wrong place I CAN'T ANSWER YOU.
Please use email for order stuff and lure building questions etc should be asked directly on the forum for the benefit of all.
I try to funnel communications down to one email so it forwards to me and you can get the quickest response.
It's me and my wife that do this. Can't do it all. My time is dedicated to manufacturing product. When we did offer telephone questions and orders it always took away from this and we found a loss of shop output as a result.
The last time we accepted telephone calls it was someone ordering a single $1.89 dressed hook. It took 1/2 hour to take the order from the guy, 5 minutes to make it, 15 minutes to box, invoice, charge card and label. 50 minutes spent for .25 profit.
So basically what I'm saying is send an email. If you want to be cute and reverse my telephone number somewhere online go for it. (yes plenty have done it) I'm just going to tell you to send an email and hang up. Sorry no telephone calls period. I answer every email.
BUMP I'm currently reconfiguring our mail server to run through the spamdrain servers. DNS can take a few days to fully propagate so if you send an email it may not be seen right away depending on where the dns is updated in the world.
Is up and working again. NO MORE SPAM. EVER.
I've been using the correct email as listed on the site to ask a question and had nothing back, I'm left wondering whether you are not getting them or just ignoring them.
I ignore no-one Chico. If you click on the link on the site and do not change the subject you will get through. All mail gets sent to Sweden first through the spam program then to me but this thing is accurate. I get emails every day.
Nope there's 2 emails blocked in the last 3 hours. One from classmate.com and one from banggood.com wanting to sell me blue pills.
post here when it's sent I will look for it. I watch the blocked stuff carefully but have not seen any email from you. I will try sending you an email off your profile.
I've replied to several now. Yes they came through fine.


text:
Bus Jarilla to Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport (MAD) and return
✈ Cheap bus and train tickets for trips from Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport to Jarilla and return
CheckMyBus › Jarilla › Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport
Already booked your flight but you're still looking for an affordable way to get to the airport? By using our bus search, you will find cheap buses from Jarilla to Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport and from Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport to Jarilla. Just take a look at the search results, compare prices and pick your preferred trip. Finding a good airport shuttle bus has never been this easy!
Jarilla to Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport Bus Information
Bus Companies Avanza Grupo, CEVESA, ALSA
Jarilla - Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport - Jarilla
At the moment, we don't have intercity buses from Jarilla to Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport. In the following list, you can find the cheapest bus connections near Jarilla and Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport as well as alternative means of transportation.
Avanza Grupo
CEVESA
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport
At the moment, we don't have intercity buses from Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport to Jarilla. In the following list, you can find the cheapest bus connections near Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport and Jarilla as well as alternative means of transportation.
Taking the bus is one of the cheapest ways to get from A to B - even when it comes to airport transfers! A rule of thumb: the earlier you book your ticket, the cheaper it is. In case you're a bit late and all the advance fares for the transfer Jarilla - Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport are already sold out, we'd recommend checking buses with different departure times. With a little bit of luck you can save a few more dollars simply by taking an earlier bus.
Jarilla and Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport: Bus stops
Móstoles central station
Paseo de la Estación 13, 28933 Móstoles (Spain)
Madrid - Bus Station Avenida America
Avd. de América , 28002 Madrid (Spain)
Calle de Méndez Álvaro 83, 28045 Madrid (Spain)
Madrid - Aeropuerto
Av. de la Hispanidad s/n, 28042 Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain)
Jarilla
Ctra de Jarandilla 1, 10300 Navalmoral de la Mata (Spain)
Plasencia - Central bus station
Calle de Tornavacas 2, 10600 Plasencia (Spain)
Opting for the bus to the airport is becoming increasingly popular. It's not only affordable but it's also the greenest way to travel thanks to its low carbon emissions.
In recent years, companies have stepped up their game when it comes to on-board amenities by offering everything from power plugs, USB ports, to complimentary WiFi. When taking a look at the search results shown on our page, you can instantly see which bus operator offers which comfort features. For instance, power plugs are offered by {{ powerplugsFreeCompanyNamesAnd }}.
A generous baggage policy also belongs to the myriad features and amenities offered by today's companies. Your trip from Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport to Jarilla can become a lot easier if you do your research before you set off to your destination. You can also use CheckMyBus to look for current special offers for your Jarilla – Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport bus.
Jarilla and Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport: Useful Info
Jarilla ↔ Casablanca
Jarilla ↔ Barcelona
Jarilla ↔ Seville
Jarilla ↔ Lisbon
Jarilla ↔ Madrid
Jarilla ↔ Bilbao
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Valencia
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Zaragoza
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Murcia
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Bilbao
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Alicante
Bus connections from Jarilla
Bus connections from Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport
Jarilla ↔ Alcala de Henares
Jarilla ↔ Cordoba
Jarilla ↔ Fuenlabrada
Jarilla ↔ Leganés
Jarilla ↔ Móstoles
Jarilla ↔ Oviedo
Jarilla ↔ Porto
Jarilla ↔ Valladolid
Jarilla ↔ Vigo
Jarilla ↔ Vila Nova De Gaia
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Alcala de Henares
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Castellón de la Plana
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Cordoba
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Elx
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Fuenlabrada
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Móstoles
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Pamplona
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ San Sebastian
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Santander
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Valladolid
Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ↔ Vitoria-Gasteiz


The OPAx348 series amplifiers are single-supply low-power CMOS operational amplifiers. Featuring an extended bandwidth of 1 MHz and a supply current of 45 µA, the OPAx348 is useful for low-power applications on single supplies of 2.1 V to 5.5 V.
Low supply current of 45 µA and an input bias current of 0.5 pA make the OPAx348 an optimal candidate for low-power high-impedance applications such as smoke detectors and other sensors.The OPA2348 is available in the SOIC-8 (D) package, and the OPA4348 is available in the TSSOP-14 (PW) package. The automotive temperature range of –40°C to 125°C over all supply voltages offers additional design flexibility.


ソフトウェア更新プロセスを開始する前に、必要な権限、ハードウェア要件、ソフトウェア要件、および更新プロセスに関する以下の情報を確認してください。Before you begin the software update process, review the following information about permissions, hardware requirements, software requirements, and update processes.
この記事の手順は sharepoint server 2016 を参照していますが、特に明記していない限り、sharepoint Foundation 2013、sharepoint server 2013、および sharepoint server 2019 に適用されます。While the steps in this article refer to SharePoint Server 2016, they are applicable to SharePoint Foundation 2013, SharePoint Server 2013, and SharePoint Server 2019 unless otherwise noted.
すべてのフロントエンド Web サーバーがロード バランサーで負荷分散され、ローテーションで運用されている。All front-end web servers are load balanced together and are in rotation with the load balancer.
すべてのファーム サーバーが適切に動作している。検索に関するサーバーの状態は、Microsoft PowerShell コマンドレット Get-SPEnterpriseSearchStatus を使用するか、サーバーの全体管理 > [サービス アプリケーションの管理] > [ Search_service_application_name] にアクセスすれば表示できます。All farm servers are operating properly. For Search, you can view server status by using the Microsoft PowerShell cmdlet Get-SPEnterpriseSearchStatus or by going to Central Administration > Manage Service Applications > Search_service_application_name.
すべてのデータベースがアクティブで、適切に動作している。All databases are active and operating properly.
上記の条件を 1 つでも満たしていない場合は、更新プログラムを起動しないでください。すべての問題を解決してから続行します。Do not start the update if any of the preceding conditions are not satisfied. Resolve all issues before you continue.
ソフトウェア更新プログラムの展開を開始する前に、使用する予定の更新戦略が SharePoint Server 2016 環境に最適であることを確認してください。ソフトウェア更新プログラムの展開に使用する戦略を決定するダウンタイム減少、コスト、複雑性など、いくつかの要因があります。データベース接続プロセスのしくみの詳細については、「 sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint Server 2016 へのアップグレードプロセスの概要」の図を参照してください。Before you start to deploy a software update, verify that the update strategy that you plan to use is optimal for your SharePoint Server 2016 environment. There are several factors, such as downtime reduction, cost, and complexity that determine the strategy to use to deploy a software update. For more information about how the database-attach process works, see the diagrams in Overview of the upgrade process from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016.
この記事のリンクの中には、ビルドからビルドへのアップグレードではなく、バージョンからバージョンへのアップグレードについて扱ったコンテンツに移動するものがあります。しかし、これらの 2 種類のアップグレードの一般的なプロセスは類似しています。 たとえば、データベースのアップグレードのフェーズは、ビルドからビルドへのアップグレードでもバージョンからバージョンへのアップグレードでも基本的に同じです。Certain links in this article go to content that is about version-to-version upgrade rather than build-to-build upgrade. However, the general process is similar for the two types of upgrade. For example, the database upgrade phase is essentially the same for build-to-build upgrade and version-to-version upgrade.
更新プログラムの展開処理を監視して、更新が予定どおりに進んでいることを確認します。問題が発生して処理が中断したり、更新後のファーム内の要素が期待どおりに機能しないことがあります。データベースの同期とカスタマイズには特に注意が必要です。Monitor the process that deploys updates to verify that the update is proceeding as planned. There might be issues that block the update or that result in an updated farm that has elements that do not work as expected. Pay extra attention to database synchronization and customizations.
サーバーの全体管理 の [ アップグレードと移行] ページを使用して、製品および更新プログラムのインストールの状態、データの状態、およびアップグレードの状態をリアルタイムで確認することをお勧めします。We recommend that you use the Upgrade and Migration page in Central Administration as the primary tool to view product and patch installation status, data status, and update status in real time.
セットアップの実行後、ログ ファイルを表示し、Microsoft PowerShell を使用してインストールの進行状況を確認することもできます。After Setup runs, you can also view the log files and use Microsoft PowerShell to check installation progress.
次の図に、この記事の更新プログラムの適用シナリオの例で使用するファーム トポロジを示します。The following illustration shows the farm topology that is used as an example for each patching scenario that is described in this article.
このシナリオでは、フロントエンド web サーバーへの受信要求を無効にすることで、ファーム全体を効果的にシャットダウンします。その後、すべてのファームサーバーに更新プログラムをインストールします。この戦略は、sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint server 2016 へのアップグレードプロセスの概要の「 sharepoint server 2016 のソフトウェア更新プログラムの概要」セクションに記載されている更新プログラムとビルドからビルドへのアップグレードフェーズを組み合わせたものです。In this scenario you disable incoming requests to the front-end web servers, thus effectively shutting down the entire farm. Then you install the update on all the farm servers. This strategy combines the update and the build-to-build upgrade phase that is described in the Software updates overview for SharePoint Server 2016 section of Overview of the upgrade process from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016.
次の図に、ファームに更新プログラムをインストールするのに必要な手順を示します。この図は、続きの操作 (「下位互換性のない更新プログラムをインストールするには 」) の各手順を実行する際に参考にできます。The following illustration shows the steps that are required to install the update on the farm. You can use the illustration as a guide as you go through the steps in the procedure that follows ("To install an update without backward compatibility").
更新プログラムのインストール中はファームが使用できなくなることをユーザーに通知しておきます。Notify users that the farm will not be available while you are installing the update.
すべての Web サーバー (WEB-1 ~ WEB-4) をロード バランサーのローテーションから外すか、ロード バランサーを一時停止してサーバーへの着信要求を停止します。Remove all web servers (WEB-1 to WEB-4) from rotation in the load balancer, or pause the load balancer to stop incoming requests to the servers.
更新プログラムの実行ファイルを実行して、サーバーの全体管理 をホストするアプリケーション サーバー (APP-1) に更新プログラムをインストールします。Run the update executable file to install the update on the application server that hosts Central Administration (APP-1).
更新プログラムの実行可能ファイルを実行して、検索コンポーネントをホストする他のすべてのアプリケーションサーバーに更新プログラムをインストールします (APP-2)。これを行うには、この記事で後述する手順ホスト検索コンポーネントを実行し、この手順の次の手順に戻ります。この時点では、これらのサーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザードを実行しないでください。Run the update executable file to install the update on all other application servers that host Search components (APP-2). To do this, perform the procedure Host Search components which appears later in this article, and then return to the next step in this procedure. Do not run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on these servers at this time.
アップグレード ログ ファイルを調べて、アプリケーション サーバーがすべて正常に更新されたことを確認します。Review the upgrade log files to verify that all the application servers were updated successfully.
アップグレードログファイルとアップグレードエラーログファイルは、%COMMONPROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Shared\Web server extensions\16\logs にあります。アップグレードログファイル名の形式は次のとおりです。__: yyyymmdd は、日付を指定します。この場合、 yyyymmdd_は日付 (24 時間形式では時間、分、秒、ミリ秒) です。 __ アップグレードエラーログファイルは、すべてのエラーと警告を、「upgrade-の名前に_ なっている短いファイル () で結合します。The upgrade log file and the upgrade error log file are located at %COMMONPROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Shared\Web server extensions\16\LOGS. Upgrade log file names are in the following format: Upgrade-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-SSS.log, where YYYYMMDD is the date and HHMMSS-SSS is the time (hours in 24-hour clock format, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds). The upgrade error log file combines all errors and warnings in a shorter file that is named Upgrade-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-SSS-error.log.
1 番目の Web サーバー (WEB-1) にログオンします。Log on to the first web server (WEB-1).
実行ファイルを実行して、この Web サーバーに更新プログラムをインストールします。Run the executable file to install the update on the web server.
実行ファイルを実行して、残りの Web サーバー (WEB-2、WEB-3、および WEB-4) に更新プログラムをインストールします。Run the executable file to install the update on the remaining web servers (WEB-2, WEB-3, and WEB-4).
アップグレード ログ ファイルを調べて、Web サーバーがすべて正常に更新されたことを確認します。Review the upgrade log files to verify that all the web servers were updated successfully.
サーバーの全体管理サーバー (APP-1) で SharePoint 製品構成ウィザードを実行します。これにより、構成データベースがアップグレードされ、各コンテンツデータベースがアップグレードされます。ウィザードを実行する方法については、「sharepoint Server 2016 を複数のサーバーにインストールする」の記事の「 3 層ファームの複数のサーバーに sharepoint 2013 をインストールする」を参照してください。Run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on the Central Administration server (APP-1). This will upgrade the configuration database and upgrade each content database. For information about how to run the wizard, see Install SharePoint Server 2016 across multiple servers in the article Install SharePoint 2013 across multiple servers for a three-tier farm.
他のアプリケーション サーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行します。Run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on the other application servers.
1 番目の Web サーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行します。Run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on the first web server (WEB-1).
特定のサーバーで更新プログラムが失敗した場合に、そのエラーが他の Web サーバーに伝播していないことを、構成ウィザードを実行して確認します。たとえば、1 台のサーバーで更新が失敗すると、1 つ以上のサイト コレクションで更新が失敗することがあります。Run the configuration wizard to ensure that if an update fails for a specific server, the error is not propagated to the other web servers. For example, a failed update for one server could make the update fail for one or more site collections.
上記の手順を残りの各 Web サーバーに対して繰り返します。Repeat the preceding step for each remaining web server.
更新の完了と成功を確認します。詳細については、「 SharePoint Server 2016 でデータベースのアップグレードを検証する」を参照してください。Verify update completion and success. For more information, see Verify database upgrades in SharePoint Server 2016.
Web サーバー (WEB-1 ~ WEB-4) をロード バランサーのローテーションに戻すか、ロード バランサーを再開してサーバーへの着信要求を有効にします。Add the web servers (WEB-1 to WEB-4) to the rotation in the load balancer, or start the load balancer to enable incoming requests to the servers.
ファームが使用可能であることをユーザーに通知します。更新プログラムのインストールは終了しました。記事の内容の実行もこれで終わりです。Notify users that the farm is available. You are finished installing the update and using this article.
このシナリオでは、SharePoint 2013 の下位互換性と遅延アップグレード機能を使用して、ソフトウェア更新プログラムの展開に必要なファームのダウンタイムを短縮します。ただし、ダウンタイムは完全にはなくなりません。データベース コンテンツのアップグレード中は、サイトとサービスを使用できません。This scenario takes advantage of the backward compatibility of SharePoint 2013 and the deferred upgrade feature to reduce the farm downtime that is required to deploy a software update. However, downtime is not completely eliminated. The sites and services will not be available while the database content is being upgraded.
ファーム サーバーに更新プログラムをインストールします。Install the update on the farm servers.
ビルドからビルドへのアップグレードを実行し、更新プログラムの適用処理を完了します。Perform a build-to-build upgrade to complete the patching process.
更新フェーズ中、ファームは、最小限のダウンタイムで運用を続行できます。ただし、ビルドからビルドへのアップグレード フェーズ中は使用できません。ファームのアップグレード中に、ユーザーがコンテンツにアクセスを試みると、リソースの競合とロックが原因で、アップグレードが失敗したり、アップグレード処理が極端に低速になったりする可能性があります。このようなアクセス試行のテストは現段階では未実施で、サポートしていません。During the update phase, the farm can continue to be in production with minimal downtime. However, during the build-to-build upgrade phase, the farm will be unavailable. If users attempt to access content while the farm is upgrading, the result could be failed upgrades or excessive slowdowns in the upgrade process because of resource contention and locking. Such an attempt is unsupported and untested.
詳細については、「 sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint server 2016 へのアップグレードプロセスの概要」の「 sharepoint server 2016 のソフトウェア更新の概要」セクションを参照してください。For more information, see the Software updates overview for SharePoint Server 2016 section in Overview of the upgrade process from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016.
次の図に、ファームに更新プログラムをインストールするのに必要な手順を示します。この図は、次の操作 (「更新プログラムをインストールするには」) の各手順を実行する際に参照できます。The following illustration shows the steps that are required to install the update on the farm. You can use the illustration as a guide as you go through the steps in the following procedure, "To install the update".
半分の Web サーバー (WEB-1 と WEB-2) をロード バランサーのローテーションから外すか、ロード バランサーを一時停止してサーバーへの着信要求を停止します。Remove half of the web servers (WEB-1 and WEB-2) from rotation in the load balancer, or pause the load balancer to stop incoming requests to the servers.
負荷分散のローテーションから外した各 Web サーバー (WEB-1 と WEB-2) で実行ファイルを実行して、更新プログラムをインストールします。これらのサーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行しないでください。更新ログ ファイルを調べて、これらの Web サーバーが正常に更新されたことを確認します。On each web server that is out of the load-balancing rotation (WEB-1 and WEB-2), run the executable file to install the update. Do not run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on these servers. Verify that these web servers were updated successfully by reviewing the upgrade log files.
アップグレードログファイルとアップグレードエラーログファイルは、%COMMONPROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Shared\Web server extensions\16\logs にあります。アップグレードログファイル名の形式は次のとおりです。__: yyyymmdd は、日付を指定します。この場合、 yyyymmdd_は日付 (24 時間形式では時間、分、秒、ミリ秒) です。 __ アップグレードエラーログファイルは、すべてのエラーと警告を、「upgrade-の名前に_ なっている短いファイル () で結合します。The upgrade log file and the upgrade error log file are located at %COMMONPROGRAMFILES%\Microsoft Shared\Web server extensions\16\LOGS. Upgrade log file names are in the following format: Upgrade-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-SSS.log, where YYYYMMDD is the date and HHMMSS-SSS is the time (hours in 24-hour clock format, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds). The upgrade error log file combines all errors and warnings in a shorter file that is named Upgrade- YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-SSS-error.log.
残りの Web サーバー (WEB-3 と WEB-4) をロード バランサーのローテーションから外すか、ロード バランサーを一時停止してサーバーへの着信要求を停止します。Remove the remaining web servers (WEB-3 and WEB-4) from rotation in the load balancer, or pause the load balancer to stop incoming requests to the servers.
更新済みの Web サーバー (WEB-1 と WEB-2) を負荷分散のローテーションに戻します。Add the updated web servers (WEB-1 and WEB-2) back into the load-balancing rotation.
負荷分散のローテーションから外した各 Web サーバーで実行ファイルを実行して、更新プログラムをインストールします。この時点ではこれらのサーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行しないでください。更新ログ ファイルを調べて、Web サーバーが両方とも正常に更新されたことを確認します。On each web server that is out of the load-balancing rotation, run the executable file to install the update. Do not run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on these servers at this time. Verify that both of the web servers were updated successfully by reviewing the upgrade log files.
更新済みの Web サーバー (WEB-3 と WEB-4) を負荷分散のローテーションに戻します。Add the updated web servers (WEB-3 and WEB-4) back to the load-balancing rotation.
検索コンポーネントをホストするすべてのアプリケーションサーバー (app-1 および app-2) に更新プログラムをインストールします。これを行うには、この記事で後述する「 SharePoint Server 用のソフトウェア更新プログラムをインストールする」の手順を実行し、この手順の次の手順に戻ります。この時点では SharePoint 製品構成ウィザードを実行しないでください。Install the update on all application servers that host Search components (APP-1 and APP-2). To do this, perform the procedure Install a software update for SharePoint Server 2016 which appears later in this article, and then return to the next step in this procedure. Do not run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard at this time.
検索コンポーネントをホストしない追加のアプリケーション サーバーがファームにある場合、それらのサーバーで更新プログラムの実行ファイルを実行して、更新プログラムをインストールします。この時点ではこれらのサーバーで SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行しないでください。If your farm has additional application servers that do not host Search components, run the update executable file to install the update on these servers. Do not run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard on these servers at this time.
更新ログ ファイルを調べて、これらのアプリケーション サーバーが正常に更新されたことを確認します。Review the upgrade log files to verify that these application servers were updated successfully.
この時点では、どのファーム サーバーでも SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行していないため、データベースとその他の構成要素 (設定、機能、サイトレベルのデータなど) をアップグレードする必要が残っています。ただし、ファームは、下位互換性モードで実行できる必要があります。At this point in the process, the databases and other components such as settings, features, and site-level data must still be upgraded because the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard was not run on any of the farm servers. However, the farm should be capable of running in backward compatibility mode.
次の図に、ファーム サーバーをアップグレードすることにより、更新プログラムの適用処理を終了するのに必要な一連の手順を示します。この処理の実行中、ユーザーは、アップグレード中のサイトを使用できません。The following illustration shows the steps that upgrade the farm servers to finish the patching process. During this process, the sites that are being upgraded will not be available to users.
次の操作の手順を使用するときは、上記の図を参考にしてください。Use the preceding illustration as a guide to follow the steps in the following procedure.
各サーバーのアップグレードの状態を監視してから、次のサーバーのアップグレードに進みます。アップグレードを開始する前に、ファームをバックアップすることを強くお勧めします。Monitor the status of the upgrade on each server before you upgrade the next server in the sequence. We recommend that you create a backup of the farm before you begin to upgrade.
ソフトウェア更新プログラムに、適用する必要があるサービスへの更新が含まれている場合は、サービスのアップグレード後に、ファームの稼働を再開できます (次の操作の手順 8)。その後、ファームをさらに長い時間停止できる状況になったら、コンテンツとファームをアップグレードします。If the software update contains updates to services that must be applied, you can upgrade the service, and then resume operating the farm (step 8 in the following procedure) until it is possible to take a longer farm outage to complete the content and farm upgrade.
ファームを短時間停止して、その都度、少数のコンテンツ データベースをアップグレードできます (次の操作の手順 3 および 4)。その後、ファームの稼働を再開できます (次の操作の手順 8)。停止時間を継続的に設定してアップグレードを繰り返すことにより、最終的にすべてのコンテンツをアップグレードして、ファーム サーバーをアップグレードできる状態にします。You can take a short farm outage to upgrade only a few content databases (steps 3 and 4 in the following procedure) each time and then resume farm operation (step 8 in the following procedure). You can repeat the process over successive outage windows until you upgrade all content and the farm servers are ready to be upgraded.
また、コンテンツ データベース数がわずかであれば、各コンテンツ データベースを並行して同時にアップグレードすることもできます。ただし、コンテンツ データベースが大量にある場合は、並行してアップグレードしないでください。アップグレード処理全体が低速になり、それだけ停止時間が長くなります。同じ SQL Server ボリュームにあるコンテンツ データベースを一度に 3 つ以上アップグレードすることはお勧めできません。このような場合は、各コンテンツ データベースのアップグレードの開始時間を数分ずつずらして並行して行うようにして、アップグレード処理の開始時にロックが競合するのを回避します。また、単一の Web サーバーまたはアプリケーション サーバー上のアップグレード対象のコンテンツ データベースの数を制限します。追加のアップグレード処理が発生するたびに比較的多くのリソースが使用されます。一般に、1 台の Web サーバーまたはアプリケーション サーバーでアップグレードできるコンテンツ データベースの数は 4 つです。ただし、アップグレードを Web サーバーまたはアプリケーション サーバーのどちらのサーバーで開始する場合でも、各 SQL Server ボリュームでアップグレードするデータベースの制限数を超えないように注意してください。You can also upgrade individual content databases in parallel for a very small number of content databases at the same time. However, do not attempt to upgrade too many content databases in parallel because it will slow down the overall upgrade process and extend the outage time. We recommend that you do not upgrade more than two content databases on the same SQL Server volume at a time. Start the upgrade for each content database that will occur in parallel several minutes apart to prevent lock contention as the upgrade process starts. In addition, limit the number of content databases that you upgrade on a single web server or application server. Each additional upgrade process will consume a relatively large amount of resources. The typical number of content databases that you can upgrade per web server or application server is four databases. However, be sure not to exceed the number of databases that are being upgraded per SQL Server volume, no matter which web server or application server originates the upgrade.
Web サーバー (WEB-1 ~ WEB-4) をロード バランサーのローテーションから外すか、ロード バランサーを一時停止してサーバーへの着信要求を停止します。Remove the web servers (WEB-1 to WEB-4) from rotation in the load balancer, or pause the load balancer to stop incoming requests to the servers.
サイトとサービスは、アップグレードが完了し、サーバーがアクティブな負荷分散状態に戻るまで使用できません。The sites and services will not be available until upgrade is complete and the servers are returned to an active load-balancing state.
必要に応じて、特定のサービスをアップグレードします。Upgrade specific services, as needed.
一部の更新プログラムでは、特定のサービスアプリケーションをアップグレードするために追加の PowerShell コマンドレットを実行する必要もあります。ソフトウェア更新プログラムに関するメモは、特定のサービスをアップグレードする必要があることを示しています。これは、下位互換モードでは動作できないサービスに適用されます (例:)。Some updates might also require you to run additional PowerShell cmdlets to upgrade specific service applications. Notes for a software update might indicate that you have to upgrade a specific service so that it will continue to operate after patching. This applies to a service that cannot operate in backward compatibility mode, for example.
完全なファームをアップグレードせずにサービスをアップグレードするために、短いオフライン期間を作成することができます。必要に応じて、特定のサービスアプリケーションをアップグレードするための PowerShell コマンドレットを追加する必要があります。You can create a short offline period to upgrade the service without having to upgrade the complete farm. The additional PowerShell cmdlets to upgrade specific service applications should be in the notes if this is required.
オプション各コンテンツデータベースをアップグレードするには、PowerShell get-spcontentdatabaseコマンドレットを使用します。詳細については、「 get-spcontentdatabase」を参照してください。(Optional) Use the PowerShell Upgrade-SPContentDatabase cmdlet to upgrade each content database. For more information, see Upgrade-SPContentDatabase.
これは任意の手順ですが、最初にすべてのコンテンツ データベースをアップグレードできるので便利です。いくつかの並行処理を有効にして停止時間を短縮できるという利点があります。この手順を実行していない場合は、SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード を実行してファーム サーバーをアップグレードするときに、アップグレードされていない残りすべてのコンテンツ データベースが順次アップグレードされます。This is an optional step, but it will help ensure that all content databases are upgraded first. It has the advantage of enabling some parallelism to reduce the outage time. If it is not performed, all remaining non-upgraded content databases will be upgraded serially when you run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard to upgrade the farm servers.
Upgrade-SPContentDatabase コマンドレットは、データベースごとに実行します。このコマンドレットは、アップグレード後の任意の Web サーバーまたはアプリケーション サーバーから実行できます。この処理がデータベースで実行されている間は、データベースのコンテンツを使用できません。Run the Upgrade-SPContentDatabase cmdlet for each database. You can run this cmdlet from any of the upgraded web servers or application servers. Note that the content for each database will be unavailable while this process is running on that database.
SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード は、構成データベースと、まだアップグレードされていない他のデータベースのアップグレードも即座に開始します。前の手順でも説明しましたが、この時点で既にアップグレードが済んでいるのは、通常はコンテンツ データベースのみです。サービス アプリケーションのデータベースはすべて、この手順でアップグレードされます。この処理の実行中はサイトを使用できません。The SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard also starts an immediate upgrade of the configuration database and all other databases that are not already upgraded. Because it is likely that the content databases are the only databases that have already been upgraded, as described in the previous step, all the service application databases are also upgraded in this step. Your sites will not be available while this process runs.
残りのアプリケーション サーバー (APP-2) で SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード または PSConfig (この操作の手順 4 と同様) を実行します。Run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard or PSConfig (as in step 4 of this procedure) on the remaining application server (APP-2).
Web サーバー (WEB-1 ~ WEB-4) で SharePoint 製品構成ウィザード または PSConfig (この操作の手順 4 と同様) を実行します。Run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard or PSConfig (as in step 4 of this procedure) on the web servers (WEB-1 to WEB-4).
更新が正常に完了したことを確認します。詳細については、「SharePoint 2013 のデータベースのアップグレードを検証する」を参照してください。Verify update completion and success. For more information, see Verify database upgrades in SharePoint 2013.
更新済みの Web サーバー (WEB-1 ~ WEB-4) を負荷分散のローテーションに戻します。Add the upgraded web servers (WEB-1 to WEB-4) back into rotation in the load balancer.
更新プログラムのインストールは終了しました。記事の内容の実行もこれで終わりです。You are finished installing the update and using this article.
このシナリオでは、既存のコンテンツの高可用性を維持するために、既存のファームで読み取り専用データベースを使用します。更新プログラムは新しいファームにインストールされ、ユーザー トラフィックはアップグレード完了後にその新しいファームにルーティングされます。To ensure high availability for existing content, this scenario uses read-only databases on the existing farm. You install the update on a new farm and route user traffic to the new farm after updates are complete.
次の図は、データベース接続方法を使用して新しいファームに更新プログラムをインストールするための手順を示しています。詳細については、「 sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint Server 2016 へのコンテンツデータベースのアップグレード」を参照してください。The following illustration shows the sequence of steps to follow to install the update on a new farm by using the database attach method. For more information, see Upgrade content databases from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016.
次の操作の推奨手順を使用するときは、上記の図を参考にしてください。Use the preceding illustration as a guide to follow the recommended steps in the following procedure.
ソフトウェア更新プログラムのインストール先となる新しいファームを作成します。このファームでは、フロントエンド web サーバーは必要ありません。詳細については、「 Create the SharePoint 2016 farm for a database attach upgrade」を参照してください。Create a new farm where you will install the software update. This farm does not require front-end web servers. For more information, see Create the SharePoint 2016 farm for a database attach upgrade.
元のファームでデータベースをミラーリングしている場合は、新しいファームへのソフトウェア更新プログラムを展開した後、ミラーリングを構成します。If the original farm uses a database mirror, configure mirroring after you deploy the software update on the new farm.
既存のファームのデータベースを読み取り専用に構成します。Configure the databases on the existing farm so that they are in a read-only state.
既存のファームをミラーリングしている場合は、データベースを読み取り専用に設定する前に、ミラーリングを一時停止してください。If the existing farm is mirrored, pause mirroring before setting the databases to read-only.
読み取り専用データベースを構成する方法の詳細については、「 sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint Server 2016 にコンテンツデータベースをアップグレードする」の「以前のバージョンのデータベースを読み取り専用に設定する (読み取り専用データベースでのデータベース接続)」セクションを参照してください。 SharePoint Server で読み取り専用データベースを使用するファームを実行します。For more information about how to configure read-only databases, see the "Set the Previous Version Databases to Be Read-Only (Database Attach with Read-Only Databases)" section in Upgrade content databases from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016 and Run a farm that uses read-only databases in SharePoint Server.
既存のファームにあるサービス アプリケーションのデータベースを読み取り専用に構成します。こうすることで、予期しない変更がサービス アプリケーションに行われるのを防止します。Configure the service application databases on the existing farm so that they are in a read-only state. This prevents unexpected changes to service applications.
手順 4 ~ 14 は、sharepoint Foundation 2013、sharepoint server 2016、および sharepoint server 2019 には適用されません。Steps 4 through 14 do not apply to SharePoint Foundation 2013, SharePoint Server 2016, and SharePoint Server 2019.
ファーム管理者の資格情報を使用して、古い User Profile Service サービス アプリケーション データベースが格納されているコンピューターにログオンします。Use farm administrator credentials to log on to the computer that contains the old User Profile Service service application database.
<Path> はキーをエクスポートするファイルの完全パスです。Where <Path> is the full path of the file to which you want to export the key.
既存のファームのコンテンツデータベースをバックアップします。詳細については、「 SharePoint Server でのバックアップと回復を計画する」を参照してください。Back up the content databases on the existing farm. For more information, see Plan for backup and recovery in SharePoint Server.
ファーム管理者の資格情報を使用して、新しい User Profile Service サービス アプリケーション データベースが格納されているコンピューターにログオンします。Use farm administrator credentials to log on to the computer that contains the new User Profile Service service application database.
User Profile Synchronization Service の開始を試みます。暗号化キーをまだインポートしていないため、サービスは開始しません。ULS ログを使用するか、サービスのステータスが [ 停止中] になっていることを確かめることで、サービスが開始しなかったことを確認します。Attempt to start the User Profile Synchronization service. Because you have not yet imported the encryption key, the service will not start. Confirm that the service did not start by using the ULS log or by making sure that the status of the service is Stopped.
<Path> はキーをエクスポートしたファイルの完全パスです。Where <Path> is the full path of the file to which you exported the key.
コンテンツ データベースを新しいデータベース サーバーに復元します。Restore the content databases to the new database server.
古いファームの既存のサービス アプリケーションごとに、新しいファームにサービス アプリケーションを作成します。Create service applications on the new farm for each existing service application in the old farm.
既存のファームからすべての設定を複製します。Duplicate all the settings from your existing farm.
データベース接続方法を使用して、新しいファームでデータベースを作成します。詳細については、「sharepoint 2013 から sharepoint server 2016 にデータベースをアップグレードする」および「 sharepoint server で読み取り専用のコンテンツデータベースを接続および復元する」を参照してください。Use the database-attach method to create the databases on the new farm. For more information, see Upgrade databases from SharePoint 2013 to SharePoint Server 2016 and Attach and restore read-only content databases in SharePoint Server.
新しいファームに問題がないことを確認します。Verify that there are no issues with the new farm.
DNS が新しいファームを指すように構成するか、新しいファームが負荷分散されるようにすることで、新しいファームを運用ファームとして有効にします。ユーザーが新しいファームにアクセスできることを確認します。Enable the new farm as the production farm by configuring DNS to point to the new farm or by making sure that the new farm is load balanced. Verify that users can access the new farm.
ユーザーがキャッシュされた DNS から切り替える時間を取り、その後で古いファームを使用不可にします。Allow time for users to switch from cached DNS, and then decommission the old farm.
更新の完了と成功を確認します。詳細については、「 SharePoint 2016 でのデータベースのアップグレードを検証する」を参照してください。Verify update completion and success. For more information, see Verify database upgrades in SharePoint 2016.
各サービスが停止したことを確認してから、次のサービスを停止するようにしてください。Verify that each service is stopped before you stop the next service.
1 つまたは複数の検索コンポーネントをホストする各サーバーで、更新プログラムの実行ファイルを実行して、更新プログラムをインストールします。On each server that hosts one or more Search components, run the update executable file to install the update.
出力に検索コンポーネントがまったく表示されなくなるまで、コマンドを再実行します。Rerun the command until no Search components are listed in the output.
更新されたコンテンツをファームがクロールしており、新規または変更された文書のインデックスを作成できることを確認します。これを行うため、サイト コレクション内の項目を追加または変更し、ローカルの SharePoint サイトのコンテンツ ソースのクロールを実行してからその項目の検索を実行し、これが検索結果に現れることを確認します。Verify that the farm is crawling updated content and able to index new and modified documents. To do this, you can add or modify an item in a site collection, perform a crawl for the Local SharePoint sites content source, and then perform a search for the item and verify that it appears in the search results.
検索コンポーネントをホストするサーバーを 2 つの可用性グループに分け、その更新とビルドからビルドへのアップグレードの実行中に発生するダウンタイムを最小化します。(一方のグループがアクティブで正常である限り、ファームはクエリへの対応や、コンテンツのクロールとインデックス作成が可能です。) サーバーを 2 つの可用性グループに分ける方法については、この記事で後述する「最小のダウンタイムで更新するためのサーバー可用性グループを判別する」を参照してください。Divide the servers that host Search components into two availability groups to minimize downtime during their update and build-to-build upgrade. (As long as one of the groups is active and healthy, the farm can serve queries and crawl and index content.) For instructions about how to divide the servers into two availability groups, see the procedure Determine server availability groups for update with minimal downtime later in this article.
可用性グループ 1 の各サーバーで更新プログラムの実行ファイルを実行し、更新プログラムをインストールします。On each server in availability group 1, run the update executable file to install the update.
可用性グループ 2 の各サーバーで、Search 関連の Windows サービスを可用性グループ 1 で指定されたのと同じ順序で停止します。各サービスが停止したことを確認してから次のサービスを停止することはここでも重要です。On each server in availability group 2, stop the Search-related Windows services in the same order that was prescribed for stopping them for availability group 1. Again, it is important to verify that each service is stopped before you stop the next service.
可用性グループ 1 に関連するすべての検索コンポーネントが出力に表示されるようになるまで、コマンドを再実行します。Rerun the command until all Search components that are associated with availability group 1 are listed in the output.
可用性グループ 2 の各サーバーで更新プログラムの実行ファイルを実行し、更新プログラムをインストールします。On each server in availability group 2, run the update executable file to install the update.
可用性グループ 2 の各サーバーで、Search 関連の Windows サービスを可用性グループ 1 で指定されたのと同じ順序で開始します。On each server in availability group 2, start the Search-related Windows services in the same order that was prescribed for starting them for availability group 1.
可用性グループ 2 に関連するすべての検索コンポーネントが出力に表示されるようになるまで、コマンドを再実行します。Rerun the command until all Search components that are associated with availability group 2 are listed in the output.
ファーム内の任意のサーバーで SharePoint 2016 管理シェルを開始します。Start a SharePoint 2016 Management Shell on any server in the farm.
セットには、インデックス パーティションにつき 1 つ以上のインデックス コンポーネントを含める必要があります。ただし、全部含めてはなりません。The set must contain one or more, but not all, of the index components for each index partition.
セットには、検索管理コンポーネントを 1 つ含める必要があります。ただし、これは、この操作の手順 2 で識別されたプライマリ コンポーネントであってはなりません。The set must contain a Search administration component that is not the primary component that was identified in step 2 in this procedure.
可用性グループ 2 に含めるサーバーのセットを決定します。このセットには、検索コンポーネントをホストする残りのすべてのサーバーを含める必要があります。これには、この操作の手順 2 で識別された、プライマリ検索管理コンポーネントをホストするサーバーが含まれます。Determine the set of servers in availability group 2. This set must contain all remaining servers that host Search components, including the server that hosts the primary Search administration component that was identified in step 2 of this procedure.
問題: 更新の後に、適切なレジストリ キーまたはファイル システムのアクセス許可を失っていることがあります。Issue: After an update you may no longer have proper registry key or file system permissions.