Okay, I admit it. I'm an old-timer. As such, I reserve the right to complain about the younger generation.
If you know me very well, you know I don't complain about youngsters often. I think today's youth are remarkable and deal with many challenges I didn't have. That's why I love working with them.
However, it astounds me that when I ask sixth, seventh, and eighth graders about Laurel and Hardy, they stare at me blankly. Same when I talk about Abbott and Costello. And if it weren't for a recent, very bad movie, they wouldn't know who The Three Stooges were.
So I was surprised recently when I was volunteering in my elementary school's seventh and eighth grade Language Arts class.
As part of their new curriculum, the students are learning at much greater depth in all subject areas than they had just a couple of years ago.
So rather than just reading an essay and answering multiple-choice questions, these students dig deeply into what they're reading.
Analyze it. Answer questions about it. Write about it.
What were they writing about? An essay from Alfred Hitchcock dating back to 1948, published in The Hollywood Reporter.
The essay, entitled "Let 'Em Play God," described Hitchcock's philosophy on creating suspense in writing.
What surprised me about the students and this essay was that every single kid in this class knew about Alfred Hitchcock and knew many of his movies.
There was one very important secret to copywriting success for us in Hitchcock's essay. It's a subtle lesson the students learned in one of the questions that followed their third or fourth in-depth reading of the essay.
Interesting question for 12 to 14-year-olds to have to answer.
The classroom teacher had me correct the students' responses and then talk to them individually about their answers. Most students came close to the answer to this question. One 12-year-old got it right on the nose.
Hitchcock didn't use technical language in the article. He used language anybody could understand.
And why? This was harder for the students to answer. But, as a copywriter learning AWAI copywriting strategies, you probably have a good sense of the answer.
Hitchcock wrote so his readers could understand easily. Even though other directors would read the article, Hitchcock intended it for the general public. If he'd used jargon like POV, establishing shot, extreme close-up, or the like, he would have made it hard for his general readers to understand.
But he kept all that jargon out of the article. He ensured the largest readership possible by keeping his words simple.
When we write any type of copy, it's tempting to throw in jargon and technical words to impress our readers that we know what we're talking about.
… Too much jargon deadens your reader's interest.
So, learn a secret to copywriting success from Alfred Hitchcock. Keep your writing direct. And keep your language appropriate for your readers.
Here's the link to Mr. Hitchcock's article, "Let 'Em Play God." But before you leave, tell me what you're thinking about this article today. Comment below and let us all know.
I hope to see you back tomorrow when we're going to be discussing two crucial strategies for following Hitchcock's example.
My comment boils down to the sentence saying "too much jargon deadens interest."For me too much jargon is like having someone hand you a book or article written in a foreign language I have never heard of. I will put it down and never look at it again.
Great point, Will. I have recently titled that exact issue "The Porcine Principle". Why that name?
My dad recently passed away. I wrote a eulogy for my brother to read at the funeral. My father had a heart valve. One recollection my brother would read talked of his decision to use a mechanical valve instead of one from swine tissue, routinely called a pig valve.
My brother changed 'pig' to 'porcine' in his reading. Listeners knew Dad had declined the pig valve. What was a 'porcine valve'? They were not expecting to translate during a eulogy!
Simple question: If no one understands, is it still communication?
For any communication to be successful there must be a mutual understanding between the two parties. If the person reading (or listening) does not posses the same basic language, jargon, and concepts of the writer, then there is a gap in the understanding, and the communication has failed.
About Hitchcock telling writers to write simply.
This is my short comment on your latest. I'm on total agreement and would ask for your thoughts on his thesis that you should " write like you talk.
Thank you for your explanation of Mr. Hitchcock's writings. It makes good, common, sense.
I've been teaching High Schoolers and community groups the U S Constitution for 25 years and I'm delighted your kids knew Hitchcock. They so rarely know anything prior to last week.
It may well be that the REASON they knew Hitchcock is that he did avoid technical jargon. Any technical subject (like Constitution) needs to be taught in everyday language.
Knowledge is for everyone, not just the elite few.
Mr. Newman your article was clear, clean and simple about a person who I avidly watched when I was younger. Alfred Hitchcock. He had a twist to his stories that made you think who the villain was. Audience engagement. He was one of the best actors and producer of all times. His excellent example in writing scripts easy to understand makes reading enjoyable. I loved that gentleman. Thank You.
"style, no matter what art it is concerned with, cannot be superimposed consciously on any work. It must be the result of growth and patient experimentation with the materials of the trade, the style itself emerging eventually almost unconsciously."
Whereas it IS possible to write in the style of bad Hemingway, or good Flaubert (I've done them both), one's own style is exactly as above.
Hello Mr. Newman, I truly enjoy your writing and thoughts you share through these articles/emails. Thank you for sharing this essay by Alfred Hitchcock. It is very insightfull and the next to last paragraph a great way to sum it up. It reminded me of something a guitar was said, give Ace Frehley and Eddie Van Halen the same piece of music, have them play it the same way and you will know whichow is which. Style is a personal thing that shows when doing something truly enjoyed. Thank you again.
Apparently Hitchcock does not want you to reference his article as the site has been readdressed.
Thoroughly enjoyed your article on Hitchcock's article. My father was an English professor at a Christian University for many years. He was a minister also. Words were important in our household. His favorite line to me and my siblings when doing a paper or writing for fun, was "keep it simple and clear enough so a child can understand." I call it, keeping a person's interest.
Not enough room for my pithy additions, but suffice it to say for some of us turning a phrase comes easy. It's the discipline to power through the hard part of completing the work that brings the pain. Or am I alone?
This paragraph on niches is great for any artist or copywriter.
"Within its framework I can tell any story under the sun but on the screen it will have a definitely recognizable style. I suppose it should be remarked in passing that style, no matter what art it is concerned with, cannot be superimposed consciously on any work. It must be the result of growth and patient experimentation with the materials of the trade, the style itself emerging eventually almost unconsciously."
Really enjoyed your article, but "Let 'Em Play God" really is insightful. I am posting one particular paragraph on niches. However, I encourage everyone to read the entire Hitchcock article.
Hitchcock's essay effectively communicates that the essence, voice and style of each and every individual creator evolves over the course of time. Technique, voice and delivery are tweaked and revised through experiential growth and the evolution of the creator. Patterns develop and audiences discern and interpret meaning and impressions naturally without the need for blatant or direct explanations.
Can someone recommend where to start with all the programs I've purchased over the last few months. I love the promises of a better life from the daily grind but things always seem to snap back to normal once I'm done buying something. That would be, "Now what"?
I found this article very interesting and so true. Some things just stay the same through generations. I was intrigued enough that I went to the link to read the original article. Thanks, for making us think inside as well as outside the proverbial box.
Great tips. Thank you. This is how I like to write. Keep it simple has been a good rule for me as I worked in a technical field. I'm starting out in freelance and a bit nervous how to present myself.
Surprise! Mr. Hitchcock wrote copy! Wow, I never imagined. Smart move to choose this cool guy and include him in something as snoozy as copy writing. Thank you.
Will, Another down to earth article, thank you for posting. I enjoy your articles because they contain practical stories that the reader can understand.
Thus, one is able to learn and remember your advice when facing the blank computer screen.
I suppose all of us struggle with challenges that not only tempt, but dare us to quit. Sometimes I am tempted to worry about what others might think if I ask a question that reveals some lack. But thankfully I've inherited enough ornriness from my forbears that I just don't give two hoots in wherever what anyone thinks, if I need to ask a question of Will, or anyone at AWAI. I admire the one who asked about needing to start over again and again. And thanks for your answer. Will.
As a college graduate of Literature classes I find this very informative. Thank you. I appreciate Hitchcock and Christie. I also think that Spillane used short active sentences to his advantage.
Excellent article - Being what you might term a Hitchcock buff, this was right up my alley. Interesting your revelation of the young being engrossed in his films, although of course, unlike the other icons you mentioned, he has never gone out of fashion, has he?
Have to confess I use POV quite a bit, so thanks for pointing out this fault. I haven't read Hitch's article yet (and thanks for that) but will do so later today.
ps Wish I could grow a muff like yours.
I enjoyed the article for several reasons. For one, it is short, yet covers a lot of aspects of writing and film suspense. Second, words are simple and pleasantly flowing for the reader. The presentation expresses knowledge, self confidence and an internal grandfatherly smile. To paraphrase the last sentence: "[Do not superimpose] consciously on any work. It must be the result of growth and patient experimentation with the materials of the trade, the style itself emerging eventually almost unconsciously".


text:
Rapper & Pioneer of Trap Music; Founder of 1017 Records
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The go part of the 2013 SportAccord Mind Sport Online Tournament has just gone into the final stage. Over 1000 go players worldwide participated in the largest-ever online tournament. Three regional preliminary tournaments were held for Asia, Europe and Africa, and the Americas. The winners from four separate rank divisions in each region then participate in the finals. Many prizes are provided by Pandanet and by SportAccord, including tablet computers, digital cameras, etc. The top winner from the Open division will win an all-expense-paid trip to Beijing to observe the Third SportAccord World Mind Games held December 12-18 and to receive his trophy. In addition, all players who finished the preliminary round will be placed in a lottery pool for a grand prize of an iPad. The games are held on the Pandanet Internet Go Server (IGS). Click here for finalists, schedule, go client, and other details.
LA's BEST, an award-winning after-school program serving 194 high-needs elementary schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District, is establishing go programs in 12 schools, according to AGA President Andy Okun and LA's BEST Director of Education Stela Oliveira. "For those of us who have seen how captivating, fun, and beneficial go is for little kids, this is an incredible chance to spread the benefits of the game and bring something new and exciting to a bunch of students," said Okun. The program started over the summer with a trial run at two elementary schools, Latona and Lareto. Aside from providing equipment and sets of Hikaru no Go, the AGA and the AGF also provided teacher training, led by former AGF teacher of the year Vincent Eisman, who held a small training in June and a larger one in late September. The AGF is providing continuing support through the school year as well. To donate money to help cover training costs and equipment expenses click here.
- report/ photo by Charles Alden; photo: photo, tournament winner Liqun Liu (seated, right) faces Jeff Kuang in the third round as Eric Zhang and Frank Salantrie observe.


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The December meeting of the Nebraska District board of directors serves as the time for the board to officially adopt a new fiscal-year budget. Although I occasionally joke about the "excitement" of such a task, it is one of the board's most important responsibilities.
By the time the December board meeting arrives each year, extensive budget preparation will already have been done by district staff, led by Paul Pettit, district treasurer. The board's finance committee then spends a day going through the budget in detail (I might add that there's about 40 pages of financial data that is part of the annual budget). The finance committee only makes a recommendation to the board after it is satisfied that it is a budget worthy of support.
Among the many items reviewed and discussed are congregational remittances, salaries for district staff, mission and ministry needs and opportunities, remittances to the Synod office and much more. I would note that the Nebraska District again will be among the top five districts in the LCMS in terms of financial support for the Synod even though our district is not in the top five in terms of size. We're so pleased to be able to support our Synod's important work in that way.
Besides the budget, what else did the board take up at its December meeting?
• Welcomed Andrew Rohwer, DCE at Holy Cross Lutheran in Kearney, as a new commissioned minister member of the board. He succeeds Rhonda Burk, who recently resigned from the board.
• Reviewed reports from a consultant who is working with the Nebraska district board to help evaluate district ministry property needs and uses as we look to the future. This is an exciting and important task for the board in the months to come.
• Continued its work on a new policies and practices manual for the district board.
• Discussed congregational visits made by board members and plans for more in the future.
It continues to be my privilege to serve as the Nebraska District board chairman. Please know that you all are represented by board members who are steadfast in their faith and committed to furthering the Lord's work here in Nebraska in any way possible.


text:
Hvězdné magnetické pole je magnetické pole pozorované u hvězd. Prokázáno bylo u více než stovky hvězd, které se nazývají magnetické hvězdy. Jedná se především o Ap-hvězdy, méně často i hvězdy spektrálních tříd B a F.

Intenzita magnetického pole hvězd se určuje pomocí tzv. Zeemanova jevu, tedy z velikosti rozštěpu vybraných spektrálních čar. Znatelně větší magnetická pole byla naměřena na degenerovaných hvězdách, u magnetarů dosahuje intenzita pole až několika desítek miliard tesla, tj. několika set bilionů gaussů.

Za magnetickou hvězdu se považuje i Slunce.

Literatura

Související články
 Magnetické pole planet

Magnetismus
Hvězdy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
C/C 7", singel av punkbandet Coca Carola som släpptes 1991. Endast med engelska låtar.

Låtar på singeln

Musiksinglar 1991


text:
\section{Introduction}
In 1988 Morris, Thorne, and Yurtsever \cite{MTY} had demonstrated how
one could manufacture closed timelike curves in a spacetime containing
two relatively moving traversable wormholes. That work kindled
considerable interest in the question whether it is possible, in
principle, to construct a ``time machine'' --- i.e. whether, by
performing operations in a bounded region of an initially ``ordinary''
spacetime, it is possible to bring about a ``future'' in which there
will be closed timelike curves. So far, in spite of many-year attempts
to answer this question, there does not exist full and clear
understanding of the problem. On the first stage of investigations, it
seemed that the quantum field theory could give a mechanism which would
be able to protect chronology. Hawking has suggested the chronology
protection conjecture which states that the laws of physics will always
prevent the formation of closed timelike curves
\cite{Hawking1,Hawking2}. His arguments were based on the
supposition that the renormalized vacuum expectation values of a
stress-energy tensor of a quantum field must diverge at the
chronology horizon which separates a region with closed timelike
curves from a region without them.
Various attempts at proving Hawking's conjecture have been made
\cite{Refs}, culminating in singularity theorems of Kay,
Radzikowski, and Wald \cite{KRW}.

However, in recent time, a number of examples of configurations with
the bounded renormalized stress-energy tensor near the chronology
horizon has been given \cite{Krasnikov,Sushkov1,Sushkov2,Visser1,Li}.
For instance, in our works \cite{Sushkov1,Sushkov2} it was shown
that, in the case of automorphic fields, there exists a specific
choice of quantum state for which the renormalized stress-energy
tensor vanishes at the chronology horizon (in fact it is zero in the
whole spacetime); Krasnikov \cite{Krasnikov}
exhibited several 2D models, and Visser \cite{Visser1} presented a 4D
model of spacetime -- the ``Roman ring'' of traversable wormholes --
for which the vacuum polarization can be made arbitrarily small all
the way to the chronology horizon; in addition, Li \cite{Li} showed
that the renormalized stress-energy tensor may be smoothed out by
introducing absorption material, such that the spacetime with a time
machine may be stable against vacuum fluctuations.

These examples indicate that it is impossible to prove the chronology
protection conjecture taking into account only effects of the vacuum
polarization. Recently Visser \cite{Visser2,Visser1} has given
arguments that the solving of the problem of chronology protection is
impossible within the context of semi-classical theory of gravity and
requires a fully developed theory of quantum gravity.

Nevertheless in this work we remain in the framework of semi-classical
quantum gravity. We shall discuss such the aspect of the quantum field
theory in spacetimes with the time machine which was so far not
investigated. Up to this time, various aspects of vacuum polarization
near the chronology horizon have mainly been investigating. Here we
consider dynamics of the chronology horizon forming.  As is known,
time-dependent processes in the presence of quantum fields are
accompanied by a pair creation. So one may expect that particles of
quantized fields will be created in the process of the chronology
horizon forming. The aim of this work is to determine the spectrum of
particles and try to answer the question: Can the particle creation
stop the chronology horizon forming?

We use the units $c=G=\hbar=1$ throughout the paper.
\section{A model of spacetime} \label{toy}
Here we shall discuss a model of spacetime in which the chronology
horizon is being formed. Let us consider a strip
$\{\eta\in(-\infty,+\infty)$, $\xi\in[0, L]\}$ on the $\eta$-$\xi$
plane and assume that the points on the bounds $\gamma^-$:~
$\xi=0$ and $\gamma^+$:~$\xi=L$ are to be identified:
$(\eta,0)\equiv(\eta,L)$. After this procedure we obtain a manifold
$\overline M$ with a topology of cylinder: $R^1\times S^1$. Introduce on
this manifold the metric
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{M}
ds^2=d\eta^2+2a(\eta)d\eta d\xi-(1-a^2(\eta))d\xi^2,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $a(\eta)$ is a monotonically increasing function of $\eta$ which
has the following asymptotic behavior:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{a_asymp}
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
$a(\eta)\to 0$ & \quad \rm if \quad & $\eta\to-\infty,$  \\
$a(\eta)\to a_{\rm o}$ & \quad \rm if \quad & $\eta\to+\infty,$
\end{tabular}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $a_{\rm o}$ is some constant. Further we shall call the manifold
$\overline M$ as the spacetime $\overline M$ with the metric (\ref{M}).
Note that the metric's coefficients in Eq.(\ref{M}) do not depend on
$\xi$, so they
themself and their derivatives are taking the same values at the points
$(\eta,0)$ and $(\eta,L)$. Hence, the internal metrics and external
curvatures at both lines $\gamma^-$ and $\gamma^+$ are identical. This
guarantees the regularity of the spacetime $\overline M$.

The metric (\ref{M}) describes a curved spacetime which is
asymptotically flat in the past, $\eta\to-\infty$ (the ``in-region''),
and in the future, $\eta\to\infty$ (the ``out-region'').  Really, as
follows from (\ref{a_asymp}), if $\eta\to-\infty$, the metric (\ref{M})
takes exactly the Minkowski form
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{past}
ds^2=d\eta^2 - d\xi^2.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
In the future, $\eta\to\infty$, the metric (\ref{M}) reads
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{future}
ds^2=d\eta^2+2a_{\rm o}d\eta d\xi-(1-a_{\rm o}^2)d\xi^2,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
and takes the Minkowski form
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2=dt^2 - dx^2
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
in new `Minkowski' coordinates
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
t=\eta+a_{\rm o}\xi,\quad x=\xi.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

Note that the spacetime $\overline M$ could be considered as the factor
space: $\overline M=M/{\cal R}$. Here $M$ is an universal covering spacetime
for $\overline M$, in our case it is the whole plane $(\eta,\xi)$,
and $\cal R$ is the equivalence relation:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{ident}
(\eta,\xi+L) \equiv (\eta,\xi)
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

Consider now the causal structure of the spacetime $\overline M$. With this
aim we have to define null (lightlike) curves which form a light cone at
a point. The equations for null curves could be found from the condition
$ds^2=0$. There exist exactly two null curves which go via each point
of the spacetime and their equations read
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{cone}
\begin{tabular}{l}
$\displaystyle \xi+\int^\eta\frac{d\tilde\eta}{1+a(\tilde\eta)}=const,$
\\[12pt]
$\displaystyle \xi-\int^\eta\frac{d\tilde\eta}{1-a(\tilde\eta)}=const.$
\end{tabular}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
As follows from the asymptotical properties (\ref{a_asymp}) of
$a(\eta)$ in the in-region the equations (\ref{cone}) take the
form:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{conein}
\eta+\xi=const,\quad \eta-\xi=const,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
and in the out-region they are
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{coneout}
\eta+(1+a_{\rm o})\xi=const,\quad
\eta-(1-a_{\rm o})\xi=const.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Analysing of the equations (\ref{cone}) together with their
asymptotical forms (\ref{conein}) and (\ref{coneout}) reveals the
following qualitative picture: The light future cone
in the past (see Eqs.(\ref{conein})) has the angle $\alpha_1=90^\circ$
and has no inclination (i.e., the angle between the cone's axis and the
$\eta$-axis is zero); then, the cone is enlarging and inclining
so that in the future (see Eqs.(\ref{coneout})) its angle becomes equal
to $\alpha_1=\pi-\arctan(1+a_{\rm o})-\arctan(1-a_{\rm o})$ and the
inclination's angle becomes equal to
$\alpha_2=\frac12[\arctan{(1+a_{\rm o})}-\arctan{(1-a_{\rm o})}]$.  There are
two qualitatively different cases: (i) $a_{\rm o}<1$ and (ii) $a_{\rm o}\ge
1$. In the first case, $a_{\rm o}<1$, this rotation of the cone on the
$\eta$-$\xi$ plane does not lead to the appearance of causal
pathologies, i.e. all future-directed world lines remain unclosed. In
the second case, $a_{\rm o}\ge 1$, the situation is cardinally changed
(this case is illustrated by the spacetime diagram in the figure 1).

\begin{figure}[t]
\epsffile{figure.eps}
\begin{center} Fig.1. \end{center}
\end{figure}

\noindent
Namely, now there is such a moment of time (the value of
$\eta=\eta_{*}$) when one of the cone's side takes a `horizontal'
position, i.e. one of the null curve's equations becomes $\eta=const$.
But these lines are closed (see the Eq.(\ref{ident})), and hence, at
the moment $\eta_*$ the closed null curves appear in our model. We
shall speak that a time machine is being formed at this moment of time.
If $\eta_*=\infty$ ($a_{\rm o}=1$) the time machine is formed in the
infinitely far
future. Otherwise, it is formed at the time $\eta_*<\infty$. In this
case at later times $\eta>\eta_*$ the closed line $\eta=const$ lies
{\it inside} of the light cone, i.e.  the region $\eta>\eta_*$ contains
closed timelike curves.

Thus we may conclude we have constructed the model of spacetime in
which, depending on the parameter $a_{\rm o}$, the chronology horizon is
being formed at some moment of time.

Now let us investigate a behavior of quantized fields in this model.

\section{A particle creation}

\subsection{Scalar field: solutions of the wave equation}

Consider a conformal massless scalar field $\phi$ for which the
Lagrangian is
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{lagr}
{\cal L}= \frac12\nabla_{\mu}\phi\nabla^{\mu}\phi.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The scalar field $\phi$ obeys the wave equation
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{fe}
\Box\phi=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
In addition, it follows from the identification rule (\ref{ident}) and
from the quadric form of the lagrangian (\ref{lagr}) that
the scalar field has to obey the periodic condition (the ordinary
field)
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{percond}
\phi(\eta,\xi+L)=\phi(\eta,\xi)
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
or the antiperiodic one (the twisted field)
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{antipercond}
\phi(\eta,\xi+L)=-\phi(\eta,\xi).
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
In the metric (\ref{M}) the wave equation (\ref{fe}) reads
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{FE}
\Big[ (1-a^2)\partial_\eta^2+2a\partial_\eta\partial_\xi-
\partial_\xi^2-2aa'\partial_\eta+a'\partial_\xi \Big] \phi(\eta,\xi) =0,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where \mbox{$\partial_\eta=\frac{\partial}{\partial\eta}$},
\mbox{$\partial_\xi=\frac{\partial}{\partial\xi}$} and a prime denotes the
derivative on $\eta$, $a'=da/d\eta$.

First of all, let us solve this equation in the asymptotical regions.
In the in-region, where $a(\eta)\to 0$ and $a'(\eta)\to 0$, the
Eq.(\ref{FE}) reduces to
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
[ \partial_\eta^2 - \partial_\xi^2 ] \phi(\eta,\xi) =0,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The complete set of solutions of this equation is
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{inmodes}
\phi_n^{(\pm,\rm in)}=D_n^{{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)}}
e^{ik_n\xi}e^{\mp i\omega\eta},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where
$$k_n=\frac{2\pi n}{L},\ n=\pm1,\pm2,\dots\quad\rm (ordinary~field)$$
or
$$k_n=\frac{2\pi{\textstyle (n+\frac12)}}{L},\ n=0,\pm1,\pm2,\dots\quad\rm
(twisted~field),$$
$\omega=|k_n|$ and $\phi_n^{(+,\rm in)}$ and $\phi_n^{(-,\rm
in)}$ are positive and negative frequency solutions (the ``in-modes'')
in the in-region, respectively. The in-modes form the basis
in Hilbert space $\cal H$ with the scalar product
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{sp}
(\phi_n, \phi_{n'})=-i\int(\phi_{n} \,
{\mathop{\partial_\mu}\limits^\leftrightarrow } \,\phi^*_{n'})
d\Sigma^\mu,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $d\Sigma^\mu = d\Sigma\, n^\mu$, with $d\Sigma$ being the volume
element in a given spacelike hypersurface, and $n^\mu$ being the
timelike unit vector normal to this hypersurface.
Choosing the hypersurface $\eta=const$ we may write down the scalar
product (\ref{sp}) in the in-region as follows:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{sp:in}
(\phi_n, \phi_{n'})=-i\int_0^L d\xi
\left(\phi_n\frac{\partial\phi^*_{n'}}{\partial\eta}-
\frac{\partial\phi_{n}}{\partial\eta}\phi^*_{n'}\right)_{\eta=const}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The in-modes are orthonormal provided
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{Dnin}
D_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{4\pi |n+\alpha|}},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $\alpha=0$ for an ordinary scalar field and $\alpha=\frac12$ for a
twisted one.

Analogously we may find a solution of the wave equation
(\ref{FE}) in the out-region. There $a(\eta)\to a_{\rm o}$ and
$a'(\eta)\to 0$, and the Eq.(\ref{FE}) reduces to
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
\Big[ (1-a_{\rm o}^2)\partial_\eta^2+2a_{\rm o}\partial_\eta\partial_\xi-
\partial_\xi^2\Big] \phi(\eta,\xi) =0,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The complete set of solutions of this equation is
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{outmodes}
\phi_n^{(\pm,\rm out)}= D_n^{\rm (out)} e^{ik_n\xi}
e^{-ik_na_{\rm o}\beta^{-1}\eta}e^{\mp i\omega\beta^{-1}\eta},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where we denote
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{beta}
\beta=1-a_{\rm o}^2,
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
and $\phi_n^{(+,\rm out)}$ and $\phi_n^{(-,\rm out)}$ are positive and
negative frequency solutions (the ``out-modes'') in the out-region,
respectively. The out-modes (\ref{outmodes}) form the basis
in Hilbert space $\cal H$ with the scalar product (\ref{sp}) which in
the out-region reads
$$
(\phi_n, \phi_{n'})=-i\int_0^L d\xi
\left\{\left(\phi_n\frac{\partial\phi^*_{n'}}{\partial\eta}-
\frac{\partial\phi_{n}}{\partial\eta}\phi^*_{n'}\right)\right.
$$
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{sp:out}
+\left.\frac{a_{\rm o}}{1-a_{\rm o}^2}
\left(\phi_n\frac{\partial\phi^*_{n'}}{\partial\xi}-
\frac{\partial\phi_{n}}{\partial\xi}\phi^*_{n'}\right)\right\}
_{\eta=const}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The out-modes are orthonormal provided
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{Dnout}
D_n^{\rm (out)}=\sqrt{\frac{\beta}{4\pi |n+\alpha|}},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

Now let us solve the Eq.(\ref{FE}) in a general case.  Noting that the
metric (\ref{M}) is invariant under translations in the $\xi$-direction
and taking into account the periodic or antiperiodic conditions
(\ref{percond}), (\ref{antipercond}) we may find solutions in the
following form:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{phi}
\phi_n(\eta,\xi)=u_n(\eta)e^{i k_n\xi}.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Substituting the expression (\ref{phi}) into the
wave equation (\ref{FE}) we obtain the equation for $u_n(\eta)$:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{u}
(1-a^2)u''+2a(ik_n-a')u'-ik_n(ik_n-a')u=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Introduce a new function $v(\eta)$ by the relation
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{defv}
u(\eta)=v(\eta)
\exp{\left(-\int^\eta\frac{a(ik_n-a')}{1-a^2}d\tilde\eta\right)}.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Note that in the in-region the relation (\ref{defv}) has the
asymptotical form
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{uin}
u(\eta)=v(\eta),
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
whereas in the out-region it reads
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{uout}
u(\eta)=v(\eta)e^{-ik_na_{\rm o}\beta^{-1}\eta}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
After substituting Eq.(\ref{defv}) into Eq.(\ref{u}) we obtain the
second-order differential equation for $v(\eta)$ in a so-called normal
form $v''+\Omega^2(\eta)v=0$:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{v}
v''+\left(\frac{k_n^2+a'^2+a''a(1-a^2)}{(1-a^2)^2}\right)v=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Further we shall solve this equation {\it only}\ for modes for which the
conditions
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{condi}
k_n^2>\!\!>a'^2,\quad k_n^2>\!\!>a''a(1-a^2)
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
are fulfilled. That is we shall only consider the modes whose wave
length is much less than a typical scale of variation of the function
$a(\eta)$. Taking into account the conditions (\ref{condi}) we could
now neglect in (\ref{v}) the terms $a'^2$ and $a''a(1-a^2)$ and
rewrite\footnote[1]{Let me emphasize that the approximation which we use
is no WKB approximation. Remind that the last means, roughly speaking(!),
neglecting terms with $\Omega'$, $\Omega''$, $\dots$ in the solution
of the equation $v''+\Omega^2(\eta)v=0$.}
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{vapprox}
v''+\frac{k_n^2 v}{(1-a^2)^2}=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Now let us restrict our consideration by the {\it special form} of the
function $a(\eta)$:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{a}
a^2(\eta)=\frac12a_{\rm o}^2(1+\tanh\gamma\eta),
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $\gamma$ is a parameter. It is easy to see that the function
$a(\eta)$ defined by Eq.(\ref{a}) possesses the necessary asymptotical
behavior (\ref{a_asymp}). The quantity $T=(2\gamma)^{-1}$ gives
the typical time of variation of the function $a(\eta)$ from one
asymptotical value to another one. The conditions (\ref{condi}) reduce
now to
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
k_n^2>\!\!> \frac{4}{27}\frac{a_{\rm o}^2}{T^2}.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

Substituting the expression (\ref{a}) into Eq.(\ref{vapprox}) we could
rewrite the equation (\ref{vapprox}) as
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{va}
v''+\frac{4k_n^2 v}{(2-a_{\rm o}^2(1+\tanh\gamma\eta))^2}=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
A solution of this equation could be found in terms of hypergeometric
series. In paticular, to find a solution which will be positive
frequency in the in-region we have to choose the solution of the
equation (\ref{va}) as follows:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{solin}
v_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)} (\eta)=D_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)}(-z)^{-i\mu}(1-\beta z)^\sigma
F(q,r;s;\beta z),
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
where $D_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)}$ is defined by (\ref{Dnin}) and
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{abc}
\begin{tabular}{l}
$\displaystyle
z=-e^{2\gamma\eta},\quad \mu=\frac{\omega}{2\gamma},\quad
\beta=1-a_{\rm o}^2 $\\[3pt]
$\displaystyle s=1-2i\mu,\quad
\sigma=\frac12+\sqrt{\frac14-\mu^2\frac{(1-\beta)^2}{\beta^2}}$\\[3pt]
$\displaystyle q=\sigma+i\mu\frac{1-\beta}{\beta},\quad
r=\sigma-i\mu\frac{1+\beta}{\beta},$
\end{tabular}
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
and $F(q,r;s;z)$ is a Gaussian hypergeometric function. Taking into
account the relations (\ref{defv}) and (\ref{phi}) we can now write
down the solution of the wave equation (\ref{FE}) as
\beqa\label{phiin} \nonumber
f_n(\eta,\xi)&=&D_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)} e^{ik_n\xi}e^{-i\omega\eta}
\exp{\left(-\int^\eta\frac{a(ik_n-a')}{1-a^2}d\tilde\eta\right)}
\\
&&\times(1-\beta z)^\sigma F(q,r;s;\beta z)
\eeqa
Note that $F(q,r;s;0)=1$ for any $q$, $r$ and $s$. Now it is not difficult
to see that this solution in the in-region, where $\eta\to-\infty$ or
$z\to-0$, has the following asymptotical form:
$f_n(\eta,\xi)\approx D_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)} e^{ik_n\xi}e^{-i\omega\eta}$,
which coincides with the positive frequency in-modes
$\phi_n^{(+,\rm in)}$.

\subsection{Bogolubov coefficients}

Now let us remind some mathematical aspects for describing of the
physical phenomenon of partical creation by a time-depend gravitational
field.

So, we have obtained the set of solutions $\{f_n\}$ which are positive
frequency (the ``in-modes'') in the past. Let $\{F_n\}$ be positive
frequency solutions (the ``out-modes'') in the future. (We do not need
to know an explicit form of these solutions. It will be enough to know
their asymptotic properties in the out-region, i.e.
$F_n\approx\phi_n^{(+,\rm out)}$.) We may choose these two
sets of solutions to be orthonormal, so that
\beqa\label{ortho}
&(f_n,f_{n'})= (F_{n},F_{n'})=\delta _{nn'}& \nonumber \\
&(f_n^*,f_{n'}^*)= (F_{n}^*,F_{n'}^*)= -\delta _{nn'}& \nonumber \\
&(f_n,f_{n'}^*)= (F_{n},F_{n'}^*)= 0.&
\eeqa
The in-modes may be expanded in terms of the out-modes:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{expand}
f_n=\sum\limits_m {(\alpha _{nm}}F_m + \beta _{nm}F_m^*).
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Inserting this expansion into the orthogonality relations,
Eq. (\ref{ortho}), leads to the conditions
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{condab}
\sum\limits_m {(\alpha _{nm}\alpha _{n'm}^*-\beta _{nm}\beta_{n'm}^*)
= \delta _{nn'}},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
 \sum\limits_m (\alpha _{nm}\alpha _{n'm}-\beta _{nm}\beta _{n'm})=0.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The field operator, $\phi$, may be expanded in terms of either the
$\{ f_n \}$ or the $\{ F_n \}$:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi = \sum\limits_n (a_n f_n + a_n^\dagger f_n^*)
  =\sum\limits_n (b_n F_n + b_n^\dagger F_n^*).
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
The $a_n$ and $a_n^\dagger$ are annihilation and creation operators,
respectively, in the in-region, whereas the $b_n$ and $b_n^\dagger$ are
the corresponding operators for the out-region. The in-vacuum state is
defined by $a_n|0\rangle_{in}=0, \; \forall n,$ and describes the situation
when no particles are present initially. The out-vacuum state is
defined by $b_n|0\rangle_{out}=0, \; \forall n,$ and describes the
situation when no particles are present at late times. Noting that $a_n
= (\phi,f_n)$ and $b_n = (\phi,F_n)$, we may expand the two sets of
creation and annihilation operator in terms of one another as
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{bog1}
a_n=\sum\limits_m (\alpha _{nm}^*b_m-\beta _{nm}^* b_m^\dagger),
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
or
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{bog2}
b_m=\sum\limits_n (\alpha _{nm} a_n + \beta _{nm}^* a _n^\dagger).
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
This is a Bogolubov transformation, and the $\alpha_{nm}$ and
$\beta_{nm}$ are called the Bogolubov coefficients.

Let us assume that no particle were present before the gravitational
field is turned on. In the Heisenberg approach $|0\rangle_{in}$ is the
state of the system for all time. However, the physical number operator
which counts particles in the out-region is $N_m = b_m^\dagger b_m$.
Thus the number of particles created into mode $m$ is
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
\langle N_m \rangle = {}_{in}\langle 0|b_m^\dagger b_m |0\rangle_{in}
       = \sum\limits_n |{\beta _{nm}}|^2.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

To find the Bogolubov coefficients in our case we have to determine an
asymptotical form of the in-modes in the out-region where
$\eta\to\infty$ or $z\to-\infty$. With this aim we consider
the analitical continuation of the hypergeometric function $F(q,r;s;z)$
into the region of large values of $|z|$ \cite{AS}
\beqa\label{ancont}
\nonumber&&F(q,r;s;z)= \\[3pt]
\nonumber&&\displaystyle\phantom{+}
\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(r-q)}{\Gamma(r)\Gamma(s-q)}
(-z)^{-q}F(q,1-s+q;1-r+q;\frac1z)\\[3pt]
&&\displaystyle+\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(q-r)}{\Gamma(q)\Gamma(s-r)}
(-z)^{-r}F(r,1-s+r;1-q+r;\frac1z) .
\eeqa
After substituting this expression into the Eq.(\ref{phiin}) it is not
difficult to see that the asymptotic of the in-modes in the out-region
is
\beqa
\nonumber&&f_n(\eta,\xi)\approx D_n^\rmout
e^{ik_n\xi}e^{-ik_na_{\rm o}\beta^{-1}\eta} \\[3pt]
\nonumber&&\displaystyle\times\left( (-\beta)^{-i\mu\beta^{-1}(1-\beta)}
\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(r-q)}{\beta^{1/2}\Gamma(r)\Gamma(s-q)}
e^{-i\omega\beta^{-1}\eta} \right. \\[3pt]
&&\displaystyle+\left. (-\beta)^{i\mu\beta^{-1}(1+\beta)}
\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(q-r)}{\beta^{1/2}\Gamma(q)\Gamma(s-r)}
e^{i\omega\beta^{-1}\eta} \right) .
\eeqa
Comparing the last expression with the asymptotical form of the
out-modes, Eq.(\ref{outmodes}), we may write
\beqa \nonumber
&\phi_n^{\rm (in)}}\newcommand{\rmout}{{\rm (out)} (\eta,\xi)&\ = A_n \phi_n^{(+,\rm out)}+
B_n \phi_{n}^{*(+,\rm out)}\\
&&\ = A_nF_n+B_nF_{-n}^{*}
\eeqa
where
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
A_n=(-\beta)^{-i\mu\beta^{-1}(1-\beta)}
\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(r-q)}{\beta^{1/2}\Gamma(r)\Gamma(s-q)},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{Bn}
B_n=(-\beta)^{i\mu\beta^{-1}(1+\beta)}
\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(q-r)}{\beta^{1/2}\Gamma(q)\Gamma(s-r)},
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
As follows from Eq.(\ref{expand}), the coefficients $A_n$ and $B_n$ are
the related to the Bogolubov coefficients by
$\alpha_{nm}=A_n\delta_{nm}$, $\beta_{nm}=B_n\delta_{n,-m}$. The number
of particles created into mode $n$ is now determined as
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
\langle N_n \rangle =  |B_n|^2.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Using the Eq.(\ref{Bn}) gives
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}
\langle N_n \rangle =  \beta^{-1}
\left|\frac{\Gamma(s)\Gamma(q-r)}{\Gamma(q)\Gamma(s-r)}\right|^2
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
To carry out calculations in the above expression we shall use the
following formulae \cite{AS}:
\beqa\nonumber
&&|\Gamma(iy)|^2=\frac{\pi}{y\sinh \pi y},\quad
|\Gamma({\textstyle\frac12+iy})|^2=\frac{\pi}{\cosh \pi y},\\
&&|\Gamma(1+iy)|^2=\frac{\pi y}{\sinh \pi y}.
\eeqa
By using this formulae and the relations (\ref{abc}) we may finally
obtain the spectrum of created particles:
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{spectrum}
\langle N_n \rangle=
\frac{\cosh\frac{\pi\omega(1-\beta)}{\gamma\beta}+
\cosh\pi\sqrt{\big(\frac{\omega(1-\beta)}{\gamma\beta}\big)^2-1}}
{2\sinh\frac{\pi\omega}{\gamma}\sinh\frac{\pi\omega}{\gamma\beta}}.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}

\subsection{Particle creation near the chronology horizon}

Now let us analyse how much particles of the massless scalar field is
created at the moment of the chronology horizon forming. As was
mentioned above, the value of the parameter $a_{\rm o}$ determines either
the time machine is formed or not. If $a_{\rm o}<1$ then the chronology
horizon is absent in the spacetime, but if $a_{\rm o}=1$ then it appears in
the infinitely far future. The expression (\ref{spectrum}) gives us the
spectrum of particles created in the out-region. The spectrum depends
on the parameter $a_{\rm o}$ ($\beta=1-a_{\rm o}^2$), and in the limit
$a_{\rm o}\to 1$ the expresion (\ref{spectrum}) will determine the number
of particles created near the chronology horizon. Going to the limit
$a_{\rm o}\to 1$ in Eq.(\ref{spectrum}) gives
\begin{equation}}\newcommand{\beqa}{\begin{eqnarray}\label{limspectr}
\langle N_n \rangle=\frac{1}{\sinh\frac{\pi\omega}{\gamma}}.
\end{equation}}\newcommand{\eeqa}{\end{eqnarray}
Thus we see that the number of particles created into mode $n$ near the
chronology horizon is finite. We may also conclude that the full number
of particles $N=\sum_n\langle N_n \rangle$ will be finite
because the spectrum (\ref{limspectr}) is exponentially decreasing.

\section{Conclusion}
Let us summarize. In this work we have constructed the model of
spacetime in which, depending on the model's parameter $a_{\rm o}$, the
chronology horizon could be formed; there are no causal pathologies if
$a_{\rm o}<1$, and the chronology horizon appears at the moment of time
$\eta_*<\infty$ if $a_{\rm o}>1$. In the case $a_{\rm o}=1$ closed lightlike
curves are formed in the infinitely far future. The model represents a
two-dimensional curved spacetime with the topology $R^1 \times S^1$
which is asymptotically flat in the past and in the future, but which
is non-flat in the intermediate region. As a consequence, in this
spacetime the creation of particles of quantized fields by the
gravitational field is possible. We have studied the particle creation
of a massless scalar field in the case $a_{\rm o}<1$, i.e. in the case when
the spacetime is globally hyperbolic and has no causal pathologies.  As
a result, the spectrum of created particles has been obtained (see
Eq.(\ref{spectrum})).  In the limit $a_{\rm o}\to1$ this spectrum gives the
number of particles created into mode $n$ near the chronology horizon
(see Eq.(\ref{limspectr})). The main result we have obtained is that
the number of scalar particles created into each mode as well as the
full number of particles remain finite at the moment of forming of the
chronology horizon. This result might mean that the phenomenon of
particle creation could not prevent the formation of time machine.
However, to do the final conclusion one has to take into account a
backreaction of created particles on a spacetime metric.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
I would like to thank my colleague Sosov E. N. for helpful discussions.
This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research under grant No. 96-02-17066.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Institutional Communications
Methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells underestimated
Uncertainty about annual methane emissions from abandoned wells in US and Canada highlights need for better measurements
Published: 20Jan2021
Bubbles of methane gas in water around an unplugged oil/gas well in Pennsylvania. CREDIT: Mary Kang
A recent McGill study published in Environmental Science and Technology finds that annual methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas (AOG) wells in Canada and the US have been greatly underestimated – by as much as 150% in Canada, and by 20% in the US. Indeed, the research suggests that methane gas emissions from AOG wells are currently the 10th and 11th largest sources of anthropogenic methane emission in the US and Canada, respectively. Since methane gas is a more important contributor to global warming than carbon dioxide, especially over the short term, the researchers believe that it is essential to gain a clearer understanding of methane emissions from AOG wells to understand their broader environmental impacts and move towards mitigating the problem.
Multiple sources of uncertainty
The researchers show that the difficulties in estimating overall methane emissions from AOG wells in both countries are due to a lack of information about both the quantities of methane gas being emitted annually from AOG wells (depending on whether and how well they have been capped), and about the number of AOG wells themselves.
"Oil and gas development started in the late 1850s both in Canada and the US," explains Mary Kang, the senior author on the paper and an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at McGill. "Many companies that dug wells have come and gone since then, so it can be hard to find records of the wells that once existed."
Thousands of undocumented AOG wells
To determine the number of AOG wells, the researchers analyzed information from 47 state, provincial or territorial databases as well as from research articles and national repositories of drilled and active wells in the US and Canada.
They found that, of the over 4,000,000 AOG wells they estimate to exist in the US, more than 500,000 are undocumented by the relevant state agencies. A similar picture emerges in Canada. The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) only has records going back to 1955 although historical documents confirm that oil and gas activity in Canada began in the 1850s. Based on the various sources they examined, the researchers estimate that there are over 370,000 AOG wells in Canada. Over 60,000 of are not included in databases of provincial or territorial agencies.
More methane gas emitted by AOG wells than shown by government records
To gain a better sense of exactly how much methane was being emitted from the wells, the researchers analyzed close to 600 direct measurements of methane emissions drawn from existing studies covering the AOG wells in the states of Ohio, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, West Virginia and Pennsylvania in the US and from British Columbia and New Brunswick in Canada. They developed different scenarios to attribute different levels of annual methane emissions to the wells, depending on what is known of the plugging status of the wells as well as whether they were oil or gas wells.
"We see that methane emissions from abandoned wells can vary regionally, highlighting the importance of gathering measurements from Texas and Alberta which have the highest percentage of wells in the U.S. and Canada and no prior measurements," adds James P. Williams, the first author on the study and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Civil Engineering at McGill.
All five scenarios show annual emissions of methane gas from AOG wells in the US that are approximately 1/5th higher than the amount that the US EPA's estimates for 2018. In Canada, the study findings suggest that methane emissions from AOG wells in 2018 were nearly three times higher than estimated by Environment and Climate Change Canada.
"As society transitions away from fossil fuels, the millions of oil and gas wells around the world will be abandoned," says Kang. "It is critical to determine the climate, air, water and other environmental impacts of these wells quickly."
To read: "Methane Emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells in Canada and the US" by James P. Williams, Amara Regehr and Mary Kang in Environmental Science and Technology
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04265
The research was funded by Fonds de Recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologie, the McGill Engineering Doctoral Award and the McGill Graduate Mobility Award.
About McGill University
Founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1821, McGill University is Canada's top ranked medical doctoral university. McGill is consistently ranked as one of the top universities, both nationally and internationally. It is a world-renowned institution of higher learning with research activities spanning two campuses, 11 faculties, 13 professional schools, 300 programs of study and over 40,000 students, including more than 10,200 graduate students. McGill attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, its 12,800 international students making up 31% of the student body. Over half of McGill students claim a first language other than English, including approximately 19% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.
Katherine Gombay
katherine.gombay [at] mcgill.ca
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Published: 6 Jan 2023
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The United States of America has been regarded as "The Land of the Free" for centuries. After years of dedication, hard work, and bravery, the United States has been kept safe from the evils of the surrounding world impeding on the livelihood of American citizens. However, the perception of America is not one of solidarity, but one of constant change and fluctuations depending on the individual 's own opinion. The United States is a country of diversity and various cultures, leading to a variety of opinions regarding the state of the United States and different issues individuals care more about. With the nationalism that citizens naturally possess in the United States, most perceptions of the United States is one of being proud to live in this country, along with feeling like they are the greatest nation and country in the world. In multiple interviews with American citizens of different ages, backgrounds, states of residency, and occupations, a cross-section of people's perceptions as to what the United States actually mean to them could be evaluated, and therefore provides insight into which components of a person's status may lead to their differing perceptions as to the state of the United States in 2016.
...ns of war, notably the Vietnam War, and experienced the greatest plummet in government approval since the Great Depression. As they grew up, the ideals put forth as part of politicians' agenda never manifested themselves, and so they never had the opportunity to experience progressive change. Conversely, those actually fighting in the war interpret America as their mother, nurturing and providing for them with opportunities and jobs, while in return defending her in moments of vulnerability and danger. These varying views of a polarized America owe their origins to the diverse circumstances and individual experiences, particularly regarding race, wealth, age, and party affiliation. Ultimately, a medley of these factors play a role in an individual's interpretation of the functions of government and the attitudes they decide to adopt regarding the American government.


Successfully Added Terminal - Quad Band Touch Screen Watch Cell Phone to your Shopping Cart.
The Terminal, access the world from your wrist.
One for the ages: With a strong stainless steel and weatherproof frame, the Terminal will last for years to come. Rain or shine, this amazing watch will be fully functional no matter where you go.
One phone, three choices: Make and receive calls directly from the watch phone itself with its built-in MIC and speaker, use the wired headest, or the wireless Bluetooth headset.
Jack of all trades: Digital watch, camera, FM radio, mobile phone, media player and much more. Why carry around 5 different gadgets for 5 different reasons when the Terminal is at hand every second and does it all?
Multiple call options: Control who gets through and who doesn't with the Terminal's extensive caller settings. Functions include caller ID, call waiting, call divert, call barring, black list and much more.
Clear input: The Terminal comes with a highly accurate touch screen and stylus hidden in the wrist strap to provide speedy and reliable input. If that's not enough, switch to handwriting mode!
Stay connected: The Terminal's quad-band network allows you to stay in touch from almost anywhere in the world. Heading to a foreign country? Not a problem, just buy a SIM card there and place it into your watch phone and you'll enjoy the same great service as you did back home.
Don't delay, order the Terminal right away. Once you realize how great the quality is, order some as stock in your online store or list it as a dropship item to maximize your cash flow. Brought to you by the online leader in direct from China wholesale electronics - Chinavasion.
This is a weatherproof model. Can be used in most weather conditions, but should not be soaked in sustained water or submerged.
Is the Terminal water proof?
No, the Terminal is weatherproof, but not waterproof.
Why is this phone so affordable?
Because it is coming straight from the factory to you. No "name brand" taxes are included when you buy this OEM direct model.
Before your first use, charge the battery for at least 12 hours. After that, 2-3 hours are sufficient.
The microSD card sits next to the SIM card both of which are accessible by removing the watch battery.
Combined with the bluetooth headset, this is a fantastic combination.
I have only had mine a few days, but I am hooked. It works everywhere I have been so far.
on 2011-06-02 18:42:22 Great for me, love it.
I think this is the only cell phone watch can display simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, and Japanes characters. When I use the handwriting input, I can input simplified Chinese and it output tradional Chinese instantly. I have no problem to store Japanese songs with Japanese names. The best part is the vibrat mode. In a noisy disco I know someone call me because my watch is vibating. The signal reception is about the same of my Nokia. This tiny watch doesn't have any signal trade off. Best part? FIVE day delivery from China to USA, shipping is faster than from New York to San Francisco. How can you do that?
on 2010-10-22 21:12:55 They Love It!
I order one of this style watch and sold it an hour later after I got it in! The customer that bought the watch says he loves it and he is the only one in town with one...for now until I send off another order! He has already put in a request for another one! The features are amazing for a watch. Just wish the screen was a little bigger!


The role of the real estate agent and interior designer may seem worlds apart. However, real estate interior design is increasingly recognised as an essential part of the property market, and a bonus when it comes to hiring new talent. Any interior design experience is likely to be seen as a big plus by property firms – especially when it comes to uniting buyers with their dream home, or businesses with the perfect premises. Combining real estate and interior design can lead to a truly rewarding career.
How do real estate and interior design intersect?
Across the board, real estate firms are seizing the opportunity to begin innovating to meet the demands of an increasingly personalised, user-focussed world. This means understanding precisely what buyers want, and how to give it to them.
Interior designers are well placed to do just that. Using their eye to identify unique features and envision potential shifts in space design, interior professionals are able to see more options in any given property and present them to discerning clients. And with experience in realising their vision, designers can also go one step further and realise that potential in a property before it goes to market. This process is known as real estate interior design.
What are the advantages of an interior design background?
As well as having 'the eye', interior designers have the contacts and know-how required to turn a property with potential into a desirable home. This is what will give them an edge in a competitive marketplace. Those who are passionate about their work, and enjoy hands-on relationships with clients from all backgrounds and walks of life, will then be able to sell that home for its maximum possible value.
Real estate and interior design are both industries where every day is different. Interior designers are therefore well prepared for the unique challenges and varying hours of a career in real estate. Where real estate differs, however, is that you're in control of your own schedule. There are rarely concrete deadlines, and there's never a limit to your earning potential.
There are several things you can do to get a head start in this brave new world.
First and foremost, you need to identify your clientele. If you specialised in a design style or budget range, spend some time familiarising yourself with the property market they inhabit: and make it your niche. Spend some time exploring, and you might even find you uncover your first potential clients: and develop a real nose for a deal.
Next, if you find you need a little support getting to grips with the industry, look out for institutions offering real estate qualifications. In some areas, you'll also need a real estate license – which will involve studying real estate law. This will really help ground your talents: preparing you for the practical challenges of your new career.
If you have experience in interior design in the luxury market, you may be ideally suited to Engel & Völkers. We specialise in premium property and thrive on delivering dream homes to discerning clients. You can find out more about how to become a professional estate agent on our careers page.


text:
Career Planning, Practice Environments, International
Q & A: Blazing International Trails with Dr. Haywood Hall
8/1/2015 Joseph Reardon, MD
International medicine is an ever-growing and expanding specialty within emergency medicine and other medical fields. Amid all of the growth, many physicians have stayed true to their ideals and values of delivering quality care to those abroad and strengthening international health care systems. Dr. Haywood Hall founded the Pan American Collaborative Emergency Medicine Development Program (PACEMD) and continues to be an advocate for health care, emergency systems, and education in Mexico and Latin America.
Haywood Hall, MD
Centro PACE
This Q & A with Dr. Hall, conducted by International Committee Chair Dr. Joseph M. Reardon, offers insight into the dynamic world of international emergency medicine and PACE's contributions to its development.
JMR: "You were trained in emergency medicine in the United States. How did you become interested in EM in Mexico?"
HH: "I'm 58 years old, but I've lived for about 150 years. I lived in Mexico until I was 8 because my parents wanted to be out of the country. I moved back to the United States and went to public school. By 10th grade, I dropped out. After that I was a musician, a piano tuner, then an electric meter reader in New York. I was reading electric meters one day in a hospital and the back of the meter was outside the emergency department, and I thought, "˜Wow, what about emergency medicine?'
"School meant nothing to me until I was going to do emergency medicine. My friend said to me, "˜Man, you're smart; you can do this.' After I got my GED, I started volunteering at a hospital and got into an open admissions program at the City College of New York. I went on to Baylor for medical school, but they didn't have an EM program, so I wound up in New Mexico. I graduated from the University of New Mexico in 1991 after completing both an internal medicine and emergency medicine residency program. After several years as a full-time emergency medicine doctor, I started getting more interested in international work and thought there was something else I should do with my background. So I went down to Mexico.
"On the way to Mexico I ran into a big car accident in Sonora. It was a real disaster! It took a while for the Red Cross to get there, and when they did, they really didn't know very much. I got one guy on an ambulance and intubated him, then placed a chest tube that I made out of an ET tube; it was pretty dramatic. It was one of those real MacGyver medicine moments.
"I ended up in San Miguel de Allende and decided that was my calling – to be in Mexico and to be training people. That was around 1996. I wound up working with the Health Ministry there developing an EMS academy. I helped them set up an ultrasound course, an advanced airway course, and I brought in a nursing trauma course."
JMR: "How did you manage your time as you started PACE [Programa de Actualización Contínua en Emergencias – Continuous Update Program in Emergencies]?"
HH: "I supported myself as a migrant EM worker. I would work five days on, five days off in different emergency departments for somewhere between 10 and 15 shifts a month for decades.
Somewhere around 2000, I was contacted by some medical students and residents who asked me to start a medical Spanish school, so we did. We have had about 500 people since then, and provide CME credit through the University of New Mexico.
"We trained people from emergency departments and from the Red Cross. We were developing our training center on the side, and we eventually became an American Heart Association Center. I started off with the idea that we didn't need canned courses, but it was challenging, as the Health Ministry was very clear that they needed these courses taught.
"One of our students came and wanted to be trained in how to teach neonatal resuscitation for an emergency obstetrics course, ALSO [Advanced Life Support for Obstetrics] in Guatemala. I took it to the Health Ministry and they said, "˜You have to bring this course to all of Mexico.' This is how the ALSO program was launched in Mexico. Back then, few emergency medicine docs had heard of this course. And after a few years of teaching ALSO the feds came out with a position paper saying that this was the model for training emergency obstetrics. We've trained 10,000 people in this course now.
"I originally believed this should be a nonprofit organization, and nonprofits are funded by donations or grants. The health ministry told me they couldn't donate or give me a grant, but they could buy my courses. It became one of the first social entrepreneur projects in Mexico, and we've trained over 30,000 people.
"Over time, we developed a lot of strong ties with the Sociedad Mexicana de Medicina de Emergencias. Then I became ambassador to Mexico for ACEP. Our focus has been on community-based training in emergency-based care, rather than the specialty, because there is poor emergency care without training at all levels."
JMR: "It sounds like you have had success after success. What has been the biggest barrier to building up the PACE program?"
HH: "This whole thing has been challenging in many ways. All that success came at a huge price. Anything that I could have done wrong I have done wrong at some point! There was a lot of wear and tear. My income decreased a lot because I was doing a major project on the side. It was very stressful on my family. The other part is that I've been so far off the radar from mainstream academic medicine in the states that it gets kind of lonely out here sometimes. Most of what I'm doing does not fit your normal mold for an emergency doc or an academic doc, so there's a price to pay for it."
JMR: "How is the residency training curriculum structured in Mexico?"
HH: "There's a new residency in León. Three of the faculty there are PACE faculty. There's a residency now in pretty much every state in Mexico. There may be somewhere near 4,000 EM trained docs now. But when I first started here there was really only one emergency medicine specialist other than myself in Guanajuato, and now there are about 30."
JMR: "What is the difference between the residency structure in the Mexican system and in the US?"
HH: "It's very much patterned after the U.S. It's a three-year-long program. Remember that these docs go straight from secundaria [high school] to medical school.
"They started a couple of years ago a reanimación [intensive care] fellowship. They have a toxicology fellowship, but they don't have a lot of other fellowships. Pediatric emergency medicine is pretty much its own channel; up to now they have not blended very much. Even now we feel like there's a real shortage of emergency docs, and so what they have tried to do is create a program called Semi Presencial (it means "˜blended learning') where they take general docs who work in emergency departments and rotate them out and circulate them in academic centers for a year to make them board-eligible. It was an attempt to increase skills and it probably has done that. I cannot say, however, that it has been as successful, in terms of acceptance by more traditionally trained specialists."
JMR: "How do you split your time between clinical and administrative work?"
HH: "I don't do much clinical work in Mexico. I have so much administrative work to do here. I have facilitated other people doing that. I do a fair amount of telemedicine nowadays, and that has worked out pretty well because I can work from anywhere."
JMR: "Do you feel that your Mexican colleagues treat you differently because of your background?"
HH: "I think that my Mexican colleagues are very qualified. They are very smart, motivated people. They have a lot of experience. Almost any of them that I can point to can teach Mexicans better than me. It's funny because there's this whole external validation where if you were trained on the outside, that means a lot to people. So I think that by being an outsider from the States and by being able to bring people down here, like Judith Tintinalli and others, we've been able to reinforce the standing of emergency medicine.
"As an international doc, and being U.S.-trained, I've been able to get into a lot of other places that might have been quite a bit harder for them to get into. It's a young specialty, and I've been able to open a lot of doors. In practice, emergency obstetrics wasn't being taught to mainstream emergency physicians here. There is a lot of third-trimester obstetrics in community hospitals. We've been able to get to the highest levels of government and work on some other projects, and I think my background has provided more support.
"Because of our success with the ALSO program we were also invited to be on a federal task force to develop training for palliative care. In Mexico, half of the people who die need some kind of palliative care and don't have access to it. Because we have been successful in the obstetrics program, we've been asked to develop a community-based palliative care program."
JMR: "How helpful is an international EM fellowship for residents who want to pursue your type of work?"
HH: "The problem with fellowships is that a lot of them are the pet project of some faculty members. You have to be very careful and realize what it is that you are trying to accomplish. The longitudinal projects to me are important, but if you just want to go hang out in a clinic somewhere, there are probably easier ways of doing that than tying yourself to another two years of training. So you want to know what the value proposition is.
"We're perfectly situated to do all kinds of stuff here and some of it is development, which is great. The Sistema de Urgencias de Guanajuato [Guanajuato EMS System] is here. We're starting a bit with mobile health and we could do a really fantastic project with EMS. We have endless courses that we're giving all the time. You could come in and not know Spanish AND not know ACLS and we could put you there until you eventually get it. So I think there's a really rich opportunity to do stuff, and we're very well-prepared. Most academic centers are very protective about not sending their people internationally. They need the warm bodies."
JMR: "What would you say to residents who are worried about the security situation?"
HH: "Most of us, especially us EM people, know there are a lot of micro-environments out there that can be dangerous. The vast majority of people who get into trouble are typically doing something risky. So if you look at the actual numbers, the total number of American citizens murdered in Mexico was 100 last year; 150,000 U.S. citizens cross the border every day, and there are 1 million Americans who live here. Mexico has 24 million tourists who come through a year. Is it impossible for something bad to happen? No. Emergency medicine programs are often in some city where you have to be situationally aware. It has been a much different thing along the border. However, Mexico City last year had one-third the murder rate of Washington, D.C., so the attributable risk is low."
JMR: "What questions should students applying in emergency medicine ask about a residency program's international EM opportunities?"
HH: "They need to come in waving an international emergency medicine flag. They need to say, "˜You don't have that? Well, I'm not going to come here.' The people who are in the international emergency medicine front need to take initiative, and they want that in their residency program.
"Doing rotations abroad is often a fight with the local CFO rather than what should be the overriding educational mission. Residents represent income and manpower. I would ask specifically how many people have gone abroad, where they have gone. I would not fall for the "˜We sent one person, two years ago, somewhere' statement."
JMR: "How do organizations like ACEP and IFEM [the International Federation of Emergency Medicine] support your work, and what is your vision for the future international growth of EM organizations?"
HH: "I was not that involved with organized emergency medicine until I realized that I wanted to do international work, and once I realized that, I realized that I needed to go and get the backup of the real experts who had been doing this before. When I started, ACEP was the only one, and there weren't a lot of other options. I know that AAEM (American Academy of Emergency Medicine) has been involved internationally in the past decade as well.
When I got started, ACEP had very few Latin Americans involved in the Section. The International Section was not very Latin American at all. I worked over many years to try to bring a Latin American focus, and I worked within IFEM to bring in more Latin American countries. In order to be a full member of IFEM you have to have a residency program, and you have to be recognized by the government. We"˜ve brought Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Cuba in as IFEM members. I've been involved with the first IFEM International Symposium in San Miguel de Allende in 2011. We will be bringing the International Congress of EM to Mexico City in 2018. I am working on a plan for an IFEM Symposium in Cuba."
JMR: "Does PACEMD have opportunities for residents from the U.S.? How do residents get involved?"
HH: "If they want to contact us, we have set up one-month rotations. We don't require Spanish language ability. We strongly believe people need to learn it, and they need to have it where they can at least take a history and physical. Depending on their language and clinical abilities, we place them in a variety of clinical settings. The prehospital system is run by the Red Cross and the Health Ministry allows us to place people in clinics, emergency departments, and mobile health units. There has to be a lot of flexibility on the part of the rotator. Our approach is to do a couple of hours a day of intensive Spanish where we supersaturate your receptors and then we put you into a clinical situation. It's amazing how fast one learns like that. If people are coming to us with more than a language acquisition requirement and they have a real interest in some area, then we bend over backwards to make that work for them and figure out where to place them."
Image 1. Dr. Hall making his medical home with the people of Mexico.
Image 2. From a flyer for PACE.


text:
Academic Council of the International Educational Corporation
The supreme collegial management body of the corporation.
The activities of the IЕC Academic Council are based on the publicity of collective discussion of issues within its competence.
The competence of the Academic Council includes the definition of the corporation's development concept, approval of the IЕC structure; creation, reorganization and liquidation of educational and scientific departments; decision-making on all fundamental issues of the organization of educational, research and economic activities of the IЕC; hearing annual reports of vice-rectors, registrar, heads of structural units on the forms and methods of conducting educational, research, educational, financial, economic, informational and international activities; consideration and recommendation for the publication of textbooks, manuals and educational and methodological developments for referral to the EMA RUMS of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; approval of topics and scientific supervisors / consultants of undergraduates and doctoral students on dissertation research; organization of control of financial and economic activities; determination of the procedure for using extra-budgetary funds, as well as directions for reinvesting income received by the corporation through the provision of paid educational services and the sale of manufactured products; approval and award of honorary titles, nominal scholarships and awards; consideration of issues on the representation of employees of the corporation, creative teams for government awards and honorary titles; consideration of other issues of the current activities of the corporation that require a collegial solution.
The decisions of the Academic Council are mainly related to the organization of educational, research and financial and economic activities of the structural divisions of the corporation.
The composition of the Academic Council is elected for a term of 3 years, consists of an odd number of members and is approved by the order of the rector. The Academic Council consists of the rector, vice-rectors, deans of faculties, heads of structural divisions, representatives of the teaching staff, student and public organizations.
The Academic Council organizes its work on the basis of the approved plan for the academic year. Meetings of the Academic Council are held according to the approved regulations at least once a month.
Scientific Secretary - Neila Bekturganova
Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor
phone: 8(727)2208103, 1179
email:nauka_kazgasa@mail.ru
Regulations on the IEC Academic Council
Rules for awarding academic titles
Degree assignment rules
List of publications in international peer-reviewed publications
Certificate of the applicant for the academic title


I recently read a blog about the case for exit interviews and as an employee retention speaker, I was fascinated by some of the thoughts which were from the Harvard Business Review. They emphasized that in a knowledge-based environment, data collected over time can be critical to managing your talent. I agree but I also disagree. The problem is that you don't have time to amass data if you are losing talent. You need more real time data to stem the flow of talent from your organization which is why, to this employee retention expert, you need data before employees quit. So, although an exit interview may have SOME value, it is limited.
Another point brought up from an employee retention strategy perspective was that you should be transparent and that HR should tell the employee the information will be told to their supervisor. If you think you will get the sort of candid data you want, good luck with that approach. Most employees, if they have a problem with their former supervisor, are not going to bring up anything if it is not kept in confidence. Bringing up problems with their supervisor will kill any decent reference that a leaving employee hopes to get in the future from that boss.
Organizations conduct 360 degree surveys and keep those anonymous. Organizations do employee surveys and keep those anonymous. Why do you think that is? People won't be candid for fear of the negative ramifications if their supervisor finds out. Exit interviews are not terribly different. If you want candor, the employee comments need to be kept confidential and factored into the other data HR is collecting to draw conclusions that will help the organization deal with issues and problematic supervisors. After all, the reality is that most people start to look for a new job because of things their supervisor does and HR needs to know what those things are. If you want to improve employee retention, organizations need to keep exit interview data confidential.
Ironically, I work closely with many HR people that move to new positions. In most cases, they are open with me that they don't dare out their supervisor because they know that it can be the kiss of death to their career. If HR people feel this way, imagine how the average employee will feel that isn't trusting in the first place. If you want to get good data from an exiting employee, it needs to be held in confidence and the employee needs to know that their input is anonymous. Absent that, good luck hearing the truth!


Even though we are already 11 days into December ( can you believe it?), I still thought it would be fun to make my annual bucket list of fun things I would love to do in December. It always gives me a little more incentive to do it and it really helps to enjoy the season!!
If you want to see last year's list it's right here.
What are you favorite Holiday traditions?


text:
Marc Dillmann (* 23. Juni 1978 in Iserlohn) ist ein deutscher Eishockeytorwart, der seit 2010 bei den Ratinger Ice Aliens in der Oberliga West unter Vertrag steht.

Karriere
Marc Dillmann begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler bei der Düsseldorfer EG, für die er von 1998 bis 2000 in der 2. Bundesliga aktiv war und mit der er als Zweitligameister in der Saison 1999/00 in die DEL aufstieg, diese jedoch nach der Spielzeit verließ. Nach einem Jahr Pause spielte der Torwart für je eine Spielzeit in der Oberliga beim ERC Haßfurt und dem EC Peiting, ehe er für die Saison 2003/04 einen Vertrag bei den Frankfurt Lions aus der DEL erhielt, mit dem er anschließend Deutscher Meister wurde. Trotz des Erfolges mit den Hessen kehrte Dillmann in die Oberliga zurück, in der er bis 2007 für seinen Ex-Club aus Peiting und den EV Ravensburg auf dem Eis stand. Zudem lief er in der Saison 2006/07 in vier Spielen für die SERC Wild Wings in der 2. Bundesliga auf. Die Saison 2007/08 verbrachte der gebürtige Iserlohner in seiner Heimatstadt beim Iserlohner EC, für den er in der Regionalliga auflief. In der Saison 2008/09 spielte Dillmann für die Oberligisten TEV Miesbach und Herner EV. Nach einem weiteren Jahr in Herne schloss er sich 2010 den Ratinger Ice Aliens aus der Oberliga West an.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 2000 Meister 2. Bundesliga mit der Düsseldorfer EG
 2004 Deutscher Meister mit den Frankfurt Lions

DEL-Statistik

(Stand: Ende der Saison 2008/09)

Weblinks

Eishockeytorwart (Düsseldorfer EG)
Eishockeytorwart (Frankfurt Lions)
Eishockeytorwart (Herner EV)
Eishockeytorwart (Iserlohn Roosters)
Eishockeytorwart (Moskitos Essen)
Eishockeytorwart (EV Ravensburg)
Eishockeytorwart (Schwenninger Wild Wings)
Deutscher Meister (Eishockey)
Deutscher
Geboren 1978
Mann


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Q: Getting current time of a timezone I am trying to get current time of a particular timeZone but when I write this:
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Boise"));
System.out.println(calendar.getTime());

it always prints UTC time followed by "UTC" word maybe because on the server timeZone is set to UTC but still it shouldn't happen as I explicitly specified the timezone here.

A: It returns UTC because the method TimeZone.getTimeZone(String id) returns the specified TimeZone, or the GMT zone if the given ID cannot be understood. In your case, since the given ID cannot b understood, it returns the GMT Zone.

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