Dispositions of property upon death can be drawn up in two forms: (i) a will; (ii) a contract.
A will is a personal deed that cannot be drawn up by a representative.
Joint wills, i.e., wills made by two or more persons in the same document, either for the benefit of a third person or for their mutual benefit, are not allowed.
A will is a declaration of intent by one person alone that does not need to be addressed to or brought to the notice of a given person. It is freely revocable and assets are only transferred to heirs or legatees after the death of the testator.
Standard and special types of will exist.
Standard types of will are: public wills and closed wills.
A public will is drawn up by a notary in his or her register.
A closed will is drawn up and signed by the testator or by another person at the testator's request, but must be approved by a notary. It may be kept by the testator or by a third person or may be filed with the notary. A person in possession of a closed will must present it within three days of the date he or she becomes aware of the testator's death, failing which they will be liable for any loss or damage caused, and if they are a successor they may lose the capacity to inherit due to disqualification by conduct.
The law provides for the following types of special will: military wills, wills made on a ship, wills made on an aircraft, wills made in the event of a disaster. A will may only be made in one of these special forms on the occurrence of certain exceptional circumstances provided for by law. Such wills are void two months after the cause that prevented the testator from making a will in the usual forms ceases.
Portuguese legislation also provides for a special form of will made by a Portuguese national abroad under foreign law. This takes effect in Portugal if it is made or approved formally.
The Portuguese legal system accepts succession by contract on an exceptional basis. This may occur through agreements as to succession or gifts in contemplation of marriage, which take effect upon the death of the donor. To be valid, both agreements as to succession and gifts upon death in contemplation of marriage must be set down in a marriage contract.
The rule, however, is that succession by contract is prohibited. Agreements as to succession are therefore prohibited in principle, failing which they will be invalid. Gifts in contemplation of death are also prohibited, but rather than being invalid they become testamentary dispositions by force of law and are freely revocable.
Valid agreements as to succession take effect only after the death of the testator. The agreement referred to in (a) above, however, cannot be revoked unilaterally after it has been accepted, and while the testator is alive he or she cannot prejudice the beneficiary by gratuitous dispositions. The agreement as to succession referred to in (b) above is freely revocable if the third person was not involved in the marriage contract as an accepting party.
In addition to these two types of agreement as to succession, the law also accepts the validity of gifts upon death in contemplation of marriage. These are given in contemplation of marriage to one of the spouses by the other or by a third person. A gift upon death in contemplation of marriage is subject to the scheme of agreements as to succession and must be set down in the marriage contract.
Portuguese law provides for two types of succession. One is voluntary succession – by will or contract – referred to in this answer. The other is legal succession – legitimate or compulsory – which will be mentioned in the answers to the questions "Are there restrictions on the freedom to dispose of property upon death (e.g. reserved share)?" and "In the absence of a disposition of property upon death, who inherits and how much?".
Voluntary succession is a result of an act of will on the part of the testator, as are wills and contracts.
Legal succession is accepted by law. It is known as compulsory succession when it is a direct result of the law and cannot be overridden by the wishes of the testator. It is known as legitimate succession when it results from the law but can be overridden by the wishes of the testator.
In principle, dispositions do not need to be registered.
There are exceptions, however, which are enshrined in various provisions. Dispositions of property upon death must be registered, for example, in the following cases: (i) preferential testamentary disposition given real effectiveness; (ii) establishment of a prerogative and its amendments; (iii) obligation to reduce gifts subject to collation; (iv) marriage contracts.
In the cases indicated in (i), (ii) and (iii) above, the record must be filed with the Conservatórias do Registo Predial [land registries] by the claimants or respondents in the legal relationship, persons who have an interest in the registration or persons who are required to promote the registration pursuant to the law (official registration promoted in some cases by the courts, the Public Prosecution Service or the registrar him or herself). The registration is drawn up by means of a property description, entry of the facts and respective comments and the noting of certain circumstances.
In the case indicated in (iv), the registration is drawn up in Conservatórias do Registo Civil [register offices] as an entry or record through a declaration by the parties. In this case, persons to whom the fact relates directly or whose consent is required to make it fully effective may also be party to the registration.
The prerogative involves the right of the surviving widow or widower to maintenance by the funds left by the deceased.
Collation involves the return to the mass of the succession by descendants who hope to inherit of assets or valuables given by an ascendant relative.
Yes, under Portuguese legislation the reserved share is a restriction on the freedom to make dispositions of property upon death. The reserved share is the portion of assets the testator cannot dispose of because it is assigned by law to the forced heirs. This is compulsory succession, which is a form of legal succession that cannot be overridden by the wishes of the testator.
The forced heirs are the spouse, descendants and ascendants. The spouse and descendants form the first category of successors. In the absence of descendants, the spouse and ascendants are the successors.
if there are no descendants or a surviving spouse, the reserved share of the parents is half the inheritance; if ascendants in the second and following degrees are designated as heirs, the reserved share of the latter is one third of the inheritance.
The spouse is not designated as an heir if at the time of the testator's death they are divorced or legally separated by a final judgment or a by a judgment which is to become final. When divorce or legal separation proceedings are pending at the time of the testator's death, the beneficiaries may continue such proceedings for the property consequences. In this case, if the divorce or separation is subsequently granted the spouse is not designated as a beneficiary.
If the deceased has not made a valid and effective disposition, in full or in part, of the property to be disposed of subsequent to their death, his or her forced heirs are designated as the successors. This is known as legitimate succession, which is a form of legal succession that can be overridden by the wishes of the testator.
The forced heirs are the spouse, relatives and the state, in the following order: a) spouse and descendants; b) spouse and relatives in the ascending line; c) siblings and their descendants; d) other collateral relatives up to and including the fourth degree; e) the state.
Competence in matters of succession depends on whether the succession is contested (acceptance under benefit of inventory) or not (acceptance pure and simple).
Notaries are competent in matters of contested succession. Notaries and registrars are competent in matters of uncontested succession. They are competent to empower heirs and carry out the respective division. By authenticating a private document, lawyers and/or solicitors may divide estates but are not competent to empower heirs.
Notaries and registrars are competent to empower heirs by confirming the identity of the persons designated as such, while in some cases it may be necessary to apply a marriage contract relating to property or a will.
In the event of a contested inheritance, civil-law notaries in municipalities in which successions are opened have been competent to conduct probate proceedings since 2 September 2013. These proceedings are ultimately submitted to the courts for the judge to ratify the decision on the division.
The place where the succession is opened is the place of the deceased's last address.
If this address was outside Portugal but property was left in Portugal, the civil-law notary of the municipality in which the fixed assets or most of them are situated is competent. If there are no fixed assets the civil-law notary of the municipality in which most of the movable assets are situated is competent.
If the deceased's last address was outside Portugal and he or she did not leave assets in Portugal, the civil-law notary of the domicile of the party authorising the procedure is competent.
No probate proceedings are required in the event of acceptance of the inheritance pure and simple. In this case the heirs and legatees wind up and share out the inheritance by mutual agreement, with no obligation to open proceedings involving a notary or court.
When an estate is declared to be in abeyance to the state, the respective special procedure to wind up the succession for the benefit of the state is conducted in court.
If the inheritance is not contested, civil-law notaries, register offices and land registries are competent, with no territorial jurisdiction. Interested parties may therefore carry out the acts in the institution of their choice, without territorial restrictions.
Similarly and as stated above, estates may be divided before any lawyer or solicitor in the country, provided it is done in the terms stated (by register offices or notaries).
As regards the authority competent to receive a declaration of acceptance or waiver of succession, there are no substantial differences between a legacy and an inheritance, or between legal or voluntary succession. The answer to these three questions is therefore the same.
If the succession has been accepted under benefit of inventory, the declaration of acceptance is made in the probate proceedings conducted in the competent notary's office. In this case the notary is the authority which receives the declaration of acceptance.
Acceptance of succession under benefit of inventory is ensured by requesting the inventory or intervening in it.
Another type of acceptance of succession is acceptance pure and simple, which occurs when the succession is accepted and divided without the need for probate proceedings.
The rules relating to acceptance of succession also apply to acceptance of a legacy. The difference between inheritance and legacy is set out in the answer to the following question.
If probate proceedings are opened the waiver must be effected or included in the file. In this case the notary is the authority competent to receive the declaration of waiver.
The waiver must take one of the following forms: public deed or private certified document if assets exist which the law requires to be disposed of in one of these forms; a private document in other cases.
An acceptance or waiver of an inheritance or legacy is a unilateral legal transaction that cannot be repudiated, i.e. both are done through a declaration by the successor that does not need to be addressed to or brought to the attention of a given person.
If the estate is in abeyance, interested parties or the Public Prosecution Service may ask the court to notify the heir to accept or waive the inheritance. In this case the court receives the declaration of acceptance. The estate is deemed to be in abeyance during the period in which it has not yet been accepted nor declared as in abeyance to the state.
The procedure depends on whether the succession is contested or not.
The purpose of probate proceedings is: to share out the estate to draw its co-ownership to a close; to list the estate's assets if it is not necessary to share them out; to wind up the estate if necessary.
Probate proceedings are conducted in a civil-law notary's office under the responsibility of the notary. Court intervention is limited in principle to the final stage of the proceedings, in which the civil court judge with territorial jurisdiction ratifies the division. However, the court may intervene in the initial stage of the proceedings to appoint the head of household where all the persons provided for by law to perform that duty have ruled themselves out or have been removed.
Legal representation is compulsory only if legal questions are raised and discussed or if an appeal is brought.
Probate proceedings involve the following stages: (i) initial application and head of household's declarations; (ii) service of documents; (iii) oppositions; (iv) head of household's responses; (v) debts; (vi) preparatory meeting; (vii) meeting of interested parties; (viii) establishment of disposable portion; (ix) division; (x) amendment and annulment of division.
The above procedural stages are outlined below.
Probate proceedings are not initiated by the Court of its own motion. Parties with a direct interest in the division or the parents, guardian or curator, as applicable, may apply for probate proceedings if succession is prohibited to minors or to those declared incompetent or whose whereabouts are unknown.
The person applying for probate proceedings must attach the testator's death certificate and indicate who is to perform the duty of head of household.
The notary appoints the head of household and summons him or her to make declarations in which he or she must present the will, agreements as to succession, marriage contracts and deeds of donation, if any, indicate the heirs and/or legatees, submit the list of assets and their value, together with the documents required to determine the legal status of the assets, and list the estate's debts separately.
The notary notifies the parties directly interested in the division and the estate's creditors. If there are forced heirs the donees are also notified.
Parties directly interested in the division may file a notice of opposition, objection or claim.
The questions raised in the previous stage are settled after the head of household has been heard. The remaining interested parties may also be heard and disclosure of evidence may be required. When the complexity of the questions raises delays in the settlement of claims in probate proceedings, the notary refers the interested parties to conventional judicial proceedings.
The procedure referred to in (iii) and (iv) applies if a claim under the succession is denied by the alleged debtor.
When questions that might influence the division of the estate have been settled the notary sets the date for the preparatory meeting. At this meeting interested parties take decisions by a two-thirds majority on the composition of the shares. The interested parties also take decisions on approving the liabilities and the means for satisfying legacies or other estate charges. The inventory can be concluded in the preparatory meeting by the agreement of all parties.
If the inventory is to go ahead a date is set for the meeting of interested parties, which must take place within 20 days of the preparatory meeting. The purpose of the meeting is to allocate the assets by means of sealed bids or a negotiated procedure.
If there are forced heirs or legatees an application may be made for assets gifted or bequeathed to be valued and auctioned, or for other estate assets to be valued to determine whether they exceed the disposable portion.
If gifts or legacies exceed the disposable portion they must be reduced.
Gifts or legacies exceed the disposable portion when they affect the reserved share of forced heirs.
After hearing the lawyers the notary makes an order to determine how the assets should be divided before drawing up a statement on the division. The shares are then completed. The notary draws up a statement if there is a surplus from the assets auctioned, gifted or bequeathed or if the gifts or legacies exceed the disposable portion. If so, the interested parties are notified to claim payment for overendowment debts or apply for the respective share to be established in cash or, if the disposable portion is exceeded, apply for the gift or legacy to be reduced. Interested parties may claim on the basis of the statement on the division. The notary rules on the claims and makes arrangements for lots to be drawn where necessary.
Finally, the proceedings are referred to the court in the district where the notary's office in which the inventory was conducted is situated. The competent civil-law judge gives a judgment ratifying the division on the basis of the statement and drawing of lots, and costs are awarded against the respective interested parties.
Appeals may be brought against the decision ratifying the division.
Even after the decision ratifying the division has become final and absolute, the division may be amended or annulled if certain requirements are met. It may be amended, for example, with the agreement of all the interested parties or may be annulled if an heir has been disregarded.
An interested party may settle matters before a notary or registrar using a single window system to deal with all succession-related issues, from authorisation to the final recording of assets resulting from the division.
The authorisation and division may therefore be carried out before either of the above institutions.
After ensuring their empowerment as heirs in a notary's office or registry, interested parties may also share out estate assets through a private document certified before a lawyer or solicitor.
Heirs inherit the estate of the deceased in total or in part, i.e. the assets they are to inherit are not predetermined.
Legatees on the other hand inherit particular assets or valuables.
In legal succession, eligibility arises out of the law. In voluntary succession, eligibility arises out of a declaration of intent by the testator. Successors may have the status of heirs or legatees in either legal or voluntary succession.
If the estate is accepted under benefit of inventory, only property listed in the inventory is liable for the deceased's debts and other succession charges, unless the creditors or legatees prove that other assets exist. If there is an inventory, the burden of proof that such other assets exist lies with the creditors or legatees.
In the event of acceptance pure and simple, liability for debts and other succession charges similarly does not exceed the value of the assets inherited, but in this case it is up to the heirs or legatees to prove that the estate does not include assets of sufficient value to pay the debts or satisfy the legacies. Here the burden of proof that such other assets do not exist lies with the heirs or legatees.
The estate is liable for the following charges: the testator's funeral and related expenses; charges for executorship and the administration and winding-up of the estate; payment of the deceased's debts; satisfaction of legacies.
Jointly inherited assets are collectively liable for meeting the above charges. When the estate has been divided, each heir is liable only for an amount pro rata to their share of the inheritance.
The following answer shows separately the documents and information required to register immovable property, the fees payable and how the application for registration can be submitted (in person, by post or online).
Applications for registration of immovable property must identify the applicant, facts and properties concerned and the list of supporting documents.
Only facts set out in documents that legally substantiate them may be registered.
Documents in a foreign language may only be accepted when translated in accordance with the law, except when they are drafted in English, French or Spanish and the competent official has a command of the language concerned.
When the viability of an application for registration has to be assessed on the basis of foreign law, the interested party must prove the respective content by means of any appropriate document.
If an application for registration concerns a building which is not described, an additional declaration must be attached indicating the name, status and address of the owners immediately prior to the transferor and the previous property register article, unless the applicant states in the declaration why this is not known.
If the registration concerns a share in an undescribed joint property, the name, status and address of all co-owners must also be declared.
The fee must be paid on submission of the application or must be sent with it. The fee corresponds to the likely total amount payable. If this is not paid when the application for registration is submitted the application may be immediately rejected.
When the fee has not been paid and the application has not been rejected, the registration service notifies the interested party of the time-limit for paying the amount unpaid if registration is not to be rejected.
The same procedure is followed when the amount initially paid is insufficient and is not completed.
Applications for registration of immovable property may be submitted in person, by post or online.
Applications for registration in person and by post must be in writing, in accordance with the forms approved by a decision of the governing body of the Instituto dos Registos e do Notariado, I.P. [Institute of Records and Notaries]. Documents substantiating the fact to be registered and the above-mentioned additional declarations, if any, must accompany the forms.
The forms referred to in the preceding paragraph do not have to be used for applications for registration in writing by public authorities involved as claimants or respondents in acts by the courts, the Public Prosecution Service, insolvency administrators or enforcement agents, whether submitted in person or by post.
Applications made by the courts, the Public Prosecution Service, enforcement agents or bailiffs who carry out measures particular to enforcement agents and court administrators should preferably be sent electronically, accompanied by the documents required for registration and the amounts payable.
Applications to register property can be done online at http://www.predialonline.mj.pt. The only procedures that cannot be registered online are procedures justifying, rectifying or challenging decisions taken by a registrar.
A digital certificate is required to apply for property registration deeds online. Nationals bearing a Portuguese identity card who have activated their digital certificate, lawyers, notaries and solicitors already have these certificates.
Managers and directors of commercial companies or civil law companies having a commercial form may certify that electronic documents they have submitted conform to the original paper documents when they submit applications for registration online in which the respective companies are interested parties.
Only persons and/or entities the law deems to be legitimate may submit applications to register immovable assets. These persons or entities are identified above in the answer to the question "Should the disposition be registered and if yes, how?" in the section indicating the records to be submitted to the Land Registry.
The appointment of an administrator is mandatory if probate proceedings are sought. In this case it is mandatory to appoint the head of household responsible for administering the succession. The person applying for probate specifies who is required under the law to perform the duties of head of household. This is done on the form used for applying for probate.
The head of household is responsible in principle for administering the estate until it is wound up and shared out.
d) to the testamentary legatees.
If the whole estate is shared out to legatees, the most favoured legatee will act as head of household, replacing the heirs; other things being equal, the oldest will be preferred.
There are specific cases in which the administration of part or all of the assets in the estate may be entrusted to the executor or the trustee, as will be explained below.
In the event of succession by will the testator may appoint one or more persons who are required to ensure that the will is carried out or to execute it fully or in part. This is known as executorship. The person appointed is the executor.
Replacement of the trustee, or trusteeship, is a disposition by means of which the testator entrusts the designated heir with the task of preserving the inheritance so that it reverts to the benefit of another on his or her death. The heir given this duty is called the trustee. The beneficiary of the replacement is known as the trustee heir. The trustee benefits from and administers the assets under trusteeship.
The head of household administers the assets of the deceased and, if the latter was married under community of property, the common assets of the couple.
The head of household may ask heirs or a third person to hand over assets he or she is to administer which they have in their possession. He or she may bring actions for possession against heirs or against a third person and may recover the estate's receivables when delay would jeopardise their recovery or when payment is made spontaneously.
The head of household must sell the fruits or other perishables and may use the proceeds to meet funeral and related expenses and administration fees.
The head of household may also sell non-perishable fruits to the extent necessary to meet funeral and related expenses and administration fees.
Outside the cases referred to above, the rights relating to the succession may only be exercised jointly by all heirs or against all heirs.
If an executor has been appointed in testamentary succession, he or she holds the powers granted by the testator.
If the testator does not specify the powers of the executor, the latter is responsible for the following: dealing with the funeral and related arrangements and paying the respective expenses; monitoring the performance of dispositions upon death and maintaining their validity before the courts, where necessary; performing the duties of head of household.
The testator may entrust the executor with satisfying the estate's legacies and other liabilities when he or she is head of household and a mandatory inventory is not needed. For this purpose the executor may be authorised by the testator to sell any estate assets (whether movable or immovable) or those designated in the will.
The trustee not only administers but also receives the benefits of the assets under trusteeship. The provisions relating to the enjoyment of such assets in so far as they are not incompatible with the trusteeship are applicable. The trustee requires court authorisation to dispose of or encumber assets under trusteeship.
While an estate is in abeyance it constitutes a fund with legal personality. The estate may therefore initiate proceedings and proceedings may be initiated against it. If there is no one to administer the estate in this case, one of the solutions set out below may be adopted.
Before accepting or waiving the succession, any heir may take urgent administrative measures while the estate is in abeyance. If an objection is raised when there are several heirs, the will of the majority prevails.
A curator for the estate in abeyance may also be appointed by the courts. The curator is responsible for applying for the necessary interlocutory proceedings and for bringing actions that cannot be delayed without putting the interests of the succession at risk. He or she is also responsible for representing the estate in all actions brought against it. The curator requires judicial authorisation to dispose of or encumber fixed assets, precious objects, valuables, commercial establishments and any other assets the disposal or encumbrance of which is not an administrative act. Judicial authorisation will only be granted when the act is justified to avoid deterioration or loss of the assets, to pay the estate's debts and to meet the cost of necessary or useful improvements, or if another urgent need arises.
When the estate is no longer in abeyance because it has been accepted but remains undivided, the law allows any heir to apply for judicial recognition of their status as an heir and the restoration of all or part of the estate's assets against whoever possesses them as an heir or by another entitlement, or without entitlement. This is known as a petition for possession. This action can be taken by a single heir unaccompanied by the others, but does not infringe the right of the head of household to call for the assets he or she is to administer to be handed over, as referred to above.
Simplified procedures for confirming the status of heirs issued by a registry office.
The above attest to the status of heirs and/or legatees who survive the deceased.
Judgments, notarial deeds and simplified procedures for empowering heirs are authentic instruments with full evidentiary value.
The empowering of heirs or legatees is recorded at the registry office by means of an endorsement on the deceased's death certificate.
A judgment given by the competent court that ratifies the division of the estate in probate proceedings before the competent notary. The judgment determines how the shares are satisfied (e.g. the assets to be inherited by each heir or legatee). This is an authentic instrument with full evidentiary value.
A private certified document drawn up before a lawyer or solicitor, which establishes how the shares are satisfied. This is not an authentic instrument but a private certified document which in this case has evidentiary value equivalent to full evidentiary value.
A document covering the division in simplified succession proceedings before the registrar. This is an authentic instrument with full evidentiary value.
A notarial deed of division drawn up by the notary. This is an authentic instrument with full evidentiary value.
Any of the above documents which confirm the division may form the basis for registering the estate's assets for the benefit of the heir or legatee, irrespective of whether they have full evidentiary value.
The information in this form is general in nature, is not exhaustive and does not bind the Contact Point, the European Judicial Network in Civil and Commercial Matters or the courts or any other recipients. It does not dispense with the need to consult the applicable legislation.


text:
<!--
  ~ Copyright 2015-present Open Networking Foundation
  ~
  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
  ~
  ~     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  ~
  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  ~ limitations under the License.
  -->
<scenario name="net-create-flows"
          description="Network Flow Creation Test Using REST API">
    <!-- TODO: parametrize this via recipes -->
    <group name="Net-Create-Flows">

        <!-- Force discovery of hosts -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Find-Host-1"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h1 ping -c1 -w1 h4 --expect 100% packet loss"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Find-Host-2" requires="^"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h4 ping -c1 -w1 h1 --expect 100% packet loss"/>

        <!-- Use REST API to create a point to point intent in each direction -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.1-to-19" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f2 of:0000000000000001 1 2"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.19-to-7" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f3 of:0000000000000019 2 8"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.7-to-4" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f4 of:0000000000000007 2 3"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.4-to-Host" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f5 of:0000000000000004 1 3"/>

        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.19-to-1" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f7 of:0000000000000001 2 1"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.7-to-19" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f8 of:0000000000000019 8 2"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.4-to-7" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f9 of:0000000000000007 3 2"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Host-to-4" requires="^"
              exec="create-flow.py ${OC1} f10 of:0000000000000004 3 1"/>

        <!-- Make sure all flows are added -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Check-Flows-Added" requires="^"
              exec="onos-check-flows ${OC1}"/>

        <!-- Check that connectivity was established -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Ping-XY" requires="^"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h1 ping -c1 h4 --expect \ 0% packet loss"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Ping-YX" requires="^"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h4 ping -c1 h1 --expect \ 0% packet loss"/>

        <!-- Use REST API to remove the flows. -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f2" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f2Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f3" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f3Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f4" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f4Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f5" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f5Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f7" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f7Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f8" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f8Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f9" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f9Location}"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Delete-f10" requires="^"
              exec="curl -f -X DELETE -uonos:rocks ${f10Location}"/>

        <!-- Ping again to be sure the path was removed. -->
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Fail-Ping-XY" requires="^"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h1 ping -c1 h4 --expect \ 100% packet loss"/>
        <step name="Net-Create-Flows.Fail-Ping-YX" requires="^"
              exec="onos-mininet sendAndExpect h4 ping -c1 h1 --expect \ 100% packet loss"/>

    </group>
</scenario>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Work And Careers
Best workplaces for new dads revealed
Natasha BoddyWork & Careers reporter
Dec 15, 2020 – 12.00am
Deloitte Australia has topped the list of best workplaces for new dads for a second year, with its generous parental leave policy offering all new parents 4½ months of paid leave.
Deloitte, which also offers staff return to work transition support, allows new parents to take the 18 weeks' paid leave flexibly over a three-year period.
Kurt Ferreira from Deloitte said he relished being able to bond with his twin daughters while on parental leave.
Hollard Insurance Company, which also offers 18 weeks' parental leave, was second on the list with its scheme, which is inclusive of all family structures including LGBTI relationships, adoption and surrogacy.
The insurance giant also offers all new parents an additional 52 weeks of unpaid parental leave and pays superannuation throughout both periods.
Telstra fell one spot on this year's list to rank third with its policy, which was expanded from 14 weeks' paid leave a year ago to 16 weeks. ING and Medibank Private rounded out the top five, with each offering 14 weeks' paid parental leave.
AustralianSuper, Novartis Australia, Sanofi, Google Australia and QBE Insurance Group also made the top 10 list, compiled by insurer HBF's Direct Advice for Dads and research firm CoreData.
In a year when major employers were forced to embrace more flexible working policies because of COVID-19, this year's list reveals more of Australia's top 500 companies are embracing family-friendly and gender-neutral policies.
The number of companies offering new dads the opportunity to be the primary carer for their children rose from 11 per cent in 2018 to 18 per cent this year.
CoreData WA director Kristen Turnbull said COVID-19 had accelerated the uptake and acceptance of flexible work arrangements among dads.
"During COVID-19, we've seen more than half of dads working flexibly for the first time and for most of them, it's been a very positive experience in terms of being able to spend more time with family, be more involved in home duties and balance those work and family commitments," she said.
"There are just as many benefits for men to take that as there are for women and in fact, we can support more women to get back into the workplace if we have more dads taking that up."
To qualify for the list, which is now in its third year, companies have to provide at least 12 weeks' paid leave for primary carers and two weeks for secondary carers.
Employers also need to offer flexible work practices and have a "pass the baton" policy in which primary carer's leave is available for at least a year after the child's birth.
For Melbourne dad Mark Soffer, having his daughter Grace in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic was not what either he or his partner Sasha expected.
Telstra's parental leave policy meant he was able to focus on raising their daughter when Sasha, a physician, had to return to work earlier than planned to treat patients on Victoria's COVID-19 frontline.
Mark Soffer, with daughter Grace, said Telstra's parental leave policy meant he was able to focus on raising his daughter.
Mr Soffer will have spent 11 months on parental leave with his daughter by the time he returns to work in January.
"I'm incredibly grateful to Telstra for being so supportive with the parental leave policy, but especially this year, given how challenging it's been for our family, that one thing I haven't had to worry about is work," he said.
"I've been able to spend all day, every day with Grace and help and watch her develop and grow. It's been amazing to have that bond with her."
Working dad Kurt Ferreira, a director in the public advisory team within Deloitte's financial advisory practice, took paid parental leave when his twin daughters were 15 months old. He was able to take it flexibly, which allowed him to work three days a week so his wife could return to work.
"Having one-on-two time was great so that I could develop my own little bond with the twins," he said.
This year's list found an increase in the amount of paid parental leave for secondary carers being offered by top 500 companies, rising from 1.3 weeks last year to 1.5 weeks this year, but average primary carers' leave remained stable at 9.9 weeks.
Natasha Boddy is Work & Careers reporter with The Australian Financial Review. She was previously a homepage editor and online producer. Connect with Natasha on Twitter. Email Natasha at natasha.boddy@afr.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The group welcomes our first two graduate students, Akriti and Blake Finkenauer, to join us! Akriti has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering fromBirla Inst Tech & Sci-India and Blake has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Virginia Tech.


text:
Q: How to set the proxy_protocol to 'on' in a conditional manner in nginx? Any one familiar with nginx? I am trying to enable proxy_protocol in a conditional manner in a stream block ie for certain endpoints I want the proxy protocol header to be added. For others I dont want to add it. Looking at the documentation there is no way for proxy_protocol to take a variable (Tried the map directive) Any suggestions on how to achieve this? Added my nginx conf here.
http://nginx.org/en/docs/stream/ngx_stream_proxy_module.html#proxy_protocol
This is the problematic piece proxy_protocol $proxy_state;
   map $ssl_preread_server_name $proxy_state{
        default on;
        facebook.com off;
    }
    server {
        listen 8443 ;
        resolver 8.8.8.8 ipv6=off;
        proxy_pass $server;
        proxy_protocol $proxy_state;
        ssl_preread on;

    }

The following is the complete config
error_log logs/error.log;

events {
}

stream {

    map $ssl_preread_server_name $server {
        # default 127.0.0.1:8080;
        default unix:/var/run/nginx.sock;
        include /home/user/allow_url_list;

    }
    map $ssl_preread_server_name $proxy_state{
        default on;
        facebook.com off;
    }
    server {
        listen 8443 ;
        resolver 8.8.8.8 ipv6=off;
        proxy_pass $server;
        proxy_protocol $proxy_state;
        ssl_preread on;

    }
}

http {
    server {
        listen 8080 ssl;
        listen 80;
        listen unix:/var/run/nginx.sock ssl proxy_protocol;
        set_real_ip_from unix:;
        real_ip_header proxy_protocol;
        ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key;
        include /home/conf/ssl-params.conf;
        location / {
            resolver 8.8.8.8;
            proxy_pass https://$host$request_uri;
        }

    }

}

A: You can split it into 2 servers. you can try if it works. Proxy protocol might cause problems.
map $ssl_preread_server_name $internalport {
     facebook.com 10443;
     default 8443;
  }

server {
       listen 8443 ;
       resolver 8.8.8.8 ipv6=off;
       proxy_pass $server;
       proxy_protocol on;
       ssl_preread on;
   }

server {
       listen 10443 ;
       resolver 8.8.8.8 ipv6=off;
       proxy_pass $server;
       proxy_protocol off;
       ssl_preread on;

   }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The standard definition: cremation "is a process of reducing a body to its' basic elements" i.e. bone fragments and trace amounts of minerals. This is accomplished by exposing a body to intense heat and flame, which results in the process of vaporization. You might recall from biology classes that the human body is composed of 65% + water. Pets are roughly the same. Crematories have a hot hearth system heated from above and below with the residual heat from the secondary chamber. This design accelerates the vaporisation of liquids.
Cremation is a controlled combustion procedure and a dynamic process. Jets of flame combine with massive amounts of air. The blower system is designed to regulate air quantity and movement within the chambers during the stages of cremation. Without a proper air inlet into the building to supply the retort a negative air pressure could be created within. Additional turbulence is created within the retort and in the after-chamber due to the extreme heat involved.
Picture 1 was a 10 kg dog. The image gives you a sense of how dynamic the movement is within the chamber. Our retort is approximately 1.30m long and 1.01 m wide.
Following a cremation of any size companion the entire hearth of the retort must be swept to recover 98% of the remains of that cremation.
Picture 1: Notice the ashes and bone fragment spread throughout on this 10 kg pet.
For industry standards our retort is considered very small in comparison to other providers in the province. We opted for this smaller retort so we would be able to deliver a proper private cremation without compromise and excessive cost.
People often think that it will be a very quick process to cremate their companion. The reality is the cremation times varies considerably from the first cremation of the day to the last one. Other factors that contribute to duration is the state of the body i.e. if it is frozen or kept cool and body fat content.
Our retort is rated at 45 kg/hr, but this holds true only when it is loaded at full capacity (136 kg). Most private cremations of less than 5 kg can vary in time between 30 to 60 min. Larger pets will cremate faster in relative terms. A 45 kg pet might take 75 min and a 60 kg pet 90 min. Therefore, knowledge and careful sequence planning is the key to efficient cremation.
Once a pet is placed in the retort, periodical monitoring is necessary to determine if the body needs to be repositioned to complete the process efficiently. This is almost always the case due to turbulence and location of the cremation burner.
When the cremation is complete, clean out tools are used to move the bone fragments close to the chute. They are carefully pulled off the hearth and fall in a collector bin. A steel bristled brush is then used to sweep the entire hearth to collect the ashes that are spread throughout. You can collect up to 98% of the ashes during the clean out. The only way to collect 99% + would be using a high temperature vacuum. You should not worry too much about the 2% that is not collected as these are in powder form and will be consumed during the next cremation cycle.
Because we are confident with the way we perform our cremations, we always offer our clients the possibility to witness the cremation. This witnessing is not limited to a final viewing but participation in the complete process from insertion into the chamber to final processing and placement in the urn. Participation is a personal choice and is not mandatory.
In the next Post I will discuss the processing of the remains.


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Last update: Thursday 1st November 2018.


Integrins: a family of cell surface receptors.
2. ALBELDA, S.M. AND BUCK, C.A.
FASEB J. 4 2868-2880 (1990).
3. TUCKWELL, D.S. AND HUMPHRIES, M.J.
subunit: evidence for the presence of a von Willebrand factor A domain.
FEBS LETT. 400(3) 297-303 (1997).
4. CHEN, Y., GARRISON, S., WEIS, J.J. AND WEIS, J.H.
protein preferentially expressed by cells of the bone marrow.
CURR.OPIN.CELL BIOL. 10(5) 578-85 (1998).
conditions such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, cancer and asthma.
collagen, laminin and fibrinogen) via RGD motifs in the ECM protein ligands.
kinase and alpha-actinin respectively .
and homologues that fail to match one or more motifs.
ITB0_XENLA  INTEGRIN BETA-1* PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ITB1_XENLA  INTEGRIN BETA-1 PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ITB5_HUMAN  INTEGRIN BETA-5 PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ITB6_HUMAN  INTEGRIN BETA-6 PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ITB7_HUMAN  INTEGRIN BETA-7 PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O61677      BETA-C INTEGRIN SUBUNIT - LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS (SEA URCHIN).
O70308      INTEGRIN BETA 5 (BETA5A INTEGRIN) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O76727      INTEGRIN BETA L SUBUNIT - STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS (PURPLE SEA URCHIN).
O88347      INTEGRIN BETA-5 - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O97702      PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IIIA - CANIS FAMILIARIS (DOG).
Q27874      INTEGRIN BETA-SUBUNIT - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q92070      INTEGRIN BETA 2 SUBUNIT (CD18) PRECURSOR (CD18) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
Q92071      INTEGRIN BETA3 - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
Q9Z0T9      INTEGRIN BETA-6 SUBUNIT - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O88424      PACTOLUS - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O97343      INTEGRIN BETA SUBUNIT - SUBERITES DOMUNCULA.
O15495      PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN IIIA BETA SUBUNIT - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O70309      INTEGRIN BETA 5 (BETA5B INTEGRIN) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O96444      BETA INTEGRIN SUBUNIT - BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA (BLOODFLUKE PLANORB).
O18482      INTEGRIN SUBUNIT BETAPO1 - OPHLITASPONGIA TENUIS.
P91774      INTEGRIN PRECURSOR - PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS (SIGNAL CRAYFISH).
P92163      INTEGRIN BETA G SUBUNIT - STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS (PURPLE SEA URCHIN).
ITB4_HUMAN  INTEGRIN BETA-4 PRECURSOR (GP150) (CD104) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O14690      INTEGRIN VARIANT BETA4E - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O15339      BETA4-INTEGRIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O15340      BETA4-INTEGRIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O15341      BETA4-INTEGRIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O17494      INTEGRIN SUBUNIT BETACN1 - ACROPORA MILLEPORA.
O97189      INTEGRIN BETA SUBUNIT - GEODIA CYDONIUM (SPONGE).
ITB4_RAT    INTEGRIN BETA-4 PRECURSOR (GP150) (CD104) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ITB8_HUMAN  INTEGRIN BETA-8 PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ITB8_RABIT  INTEGRIN BETA-8 PRECURSOR - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT).


text:
Q: How to put more than one specicfication after the WHERE part when selecting data in php pdo I am creating a website that takes data from the user and searches in some  database for a hall that meets all the users specifications so I search in the database using php pdo method by typing
(SELECT * FROM thetablename WHERE place=$place,category=$category)
But it doesn't work, I want the choose raw to have a hall name that I will get later and this hall contains all the specifications of the user together.

A: (SELECT * FROM thetablename WHERE place=$place AND category=$category)

You need to use the AND keyword.
You could of answered this with some simple searching.
SQL Where


T.A Paints online floor paint shop contains single pack polyurethane smooth and non slip concrete floor paints for the use on concrete to seal and protect floors from spillage and damage in garages, shops warehouses and industrial factories. The anti slip version is perfect to provide grip to aria prone to spillage and moisture. both provide good chemical resistance.


text:
Oct 30, 2020. 5 min read
What is Hybrid Cloud?
Hybrid cloud is a computing environment that combines public and private cloud services and coordinates the communication among them. The ideal hybrid cloud delivers a consistent experience both from a UI perspective as well as how data is handled, and it is the result of careful planning and assigning the right data storage, networking, and compute resources to the right environment. But it can also be a loose conglomeration of elements that inadvertently creates silos of data and ends up working at cross purposes. This blog post explains hybrid cloud, the differences between it and public/private cloud, and shows how to extract maximum value from a hybrid cloud environment.
What's the Difference Between Public/Private Cloud and Hybrid Cloud?
Public cloud makes computing resources and services available to users remotely. Providers, such as Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, host scalable, on-demand virtual machines, applications, storage, microservices and more, delivering them over a network connection. Multi-tenancy enables users from different companies to run workloads on shared infrastructure and use the same computing resources while isolating the data from other tenants. Private cloud environments, by contrast, dedicate underlying IT infrastructure to a single organization. In some cases, it offers isolated access, and in others, there is multi-tenant access for business units and departments.
Some enterprises prefer public cloud, whereas others prefer private cloud. Both offer some level of self-service to end-users, and there is little to no manual provisioning or requests to IT. However, many have hybrid cloud environments with data stored on-premises, either in a private cloud or data center, and applications and services in the public cloud. In theory, hybrid cloud enables enterprises to take full advantage of application and data mobility and meet users and customers where they access their applications and data.
Hybrid cloud architecture can vary. One architectural configuration consists of a private cloud and one or more public clouds collectively hosting digital services, data and applications managed by IT with little to no integration between clouds. Another uses loose integration such as a gateway or VPN to connect and transfer data between on-premises infrastructure and the public cloud. Then, there are architectures that tightly integrate on-premises infrastructure, private cloud, the public cloud, and edge computing by providing a consistent experience using a unified data platform and APIs. For all architectures, network connectivity is critical.
Depending on how the hybrid architecture is implemented, the public cloud can deliver services for IT infrastructure (IaaS), platforms for application development and delivery platforms, and software (SaaS). Salesforce Heroku is an example of PaaS, and Microsoft Office 365 is an example of SaaS. The public cloud can also deliver data warehousing and data lake services, cloud and object storage, and cloud native backup.
The non-public cloud part of hybrid cloud is where most of the critical application and data resides, along with appliances, virtual machines, production environments, and other workloads.
Hybrid Cloud Environments: Pros and Cons
Hybrid cloud offers the best of the public and on-premises worlds. It opens the door to multi-cloud architectures, and it is the infrastructure best suited for edge computing, which brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed. There are drawbacks, however, especially when a hybrid architecture is a loosely integrated mix of public and on-premises infrastructure (whether that's private cloud, a data center, or both).
Mass data fragmentation is one result of haphazardly combining environments. This has a big impact on efficiency, creating data silos that are managed by an average of three different point products, according to a 2019 report based on research conducted by Vanson Bourne, an independent specialist in market research for the technology sector 2019 cloud market report. Because these products are not integrated, there are risks when moving data between on-premises and public cloud environments. The Vanson Bourne report research also showed that this type of hybrid cloud architecture creates an average of three data copies in the cloud, increasing storage costs and creating compliance challenges. A lack of universal APIs and a single data management interface create additional problems with speed and efficiency.
The advantages of hybrid cloud far outweigh the disadvantages, however, when the hybrid cloud is the result of a tight integration between environments with unified data management designed for multiple public clouds and SaaS, data centers, private clouds, and edge computing:
App and data mobility: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to move data, applications, or both on demand between locations to cope with changing or increased demand.
Flexible scalability: Critical data, assets, and operations often reside in the non-public environment, but organizations can use public cloud computing to quickly and efficiently increase their operational capacity.
Data security: When data in a non-public environment is transmitted to the public cloud, hybrid cloud offers methods to ensure that data is secure.
More control: IT retains control of critical operations and management of infrastructure no matter the location.
Increased speed: Hybrid cloud minimizes latency and gets data where it needs to be quickly. Edge computing can increase speed by locating critical services closer to users.
Hybrid Cloud Use Cases
There are numerous use cases for hybrid cloud. Here are four of the most common:
Backup as a service: In this use case, both cloud based and on-premises applications and data are backed up with an on-demand cloud based service. Data is optimized and secured for transfer and safe storage in the public cloud, while the service provides on-demand access for data recovery.
Disaster recovery and business continuity: In this use case, an on-premises data center or private cloud fails over to a public cloud service when there is an emergency. Enterprises can also access IT resources in a geographic location far enough away from their primary site that they are unlikely to be affected.
Data archiving and retention: In this use case, on-premises production storage is analyzed for data that has not been accessed in a user-defined period of time, typically more than one year. Those files are then moved to the cloud and stored for long term retention.
DevOps: In this use case, when applications developed in the cloud are ready for production, they are moved to the on-premises data center, often for data governance, greater stability and security, and lower production costs.
Extracting More Value from Data in a Hybrid Cloud Environment
How can you extract more value from your data in a hybrid cloud environment? Use a breadth and depth of advanced cloud services such as AI/ML, analytics, data classification, and data streaming. A data management solution complete with universal APIs and a single data platform and user interface enables tight integration between environments and infrastructure so that companies can take advantage of multi-cloud and edge computing.
This data solution should have a cloud-agnostic design that offers broad support for all major public cloud platforms and features a distributed file system that spans on-premises and cloud data, regardless of where it resides. The result is a platform that enables:
Faster recovery time for archived and tiered data
Ability to perform instant mass restores
Security of end-to-end data encryption, both at rest and in motion
Ability to handle both on-premises and cloud-based data with equal agility.
Multi-cloud environments that facilitate business, not hinder it
Want to learn more? Check out Cohesity's hybrid cloud resources.
files and objects
mass data fragmentation
Douglas Ko
Product Marketing Director
Doug is responsible for cloud product marketing at Cohesity. An evangelist at heart, with a deep background in data, storage, and cloud he is interested in the impact of these technologies on our daily lives and what that means for businesses so they can make better data-driven decisions.
Cohesity Helios SaaS goes multicloud
Your SaaS Data Is NOT Safe
Get the Facts About Ransomware Protection and Microsoft 365
Backup and DataGovernance
Backup as a Service vs Disaster Recovery as a Service
Democratizing Disaster Recovery with as a Service
Data Management as a Service (DMaaS) for Modern, Multicloud IT Environments
Which Hybrid Cloud Flavor is the Best?
3 Reasons to Choose Backup as a Service for your Hybrid Cloud Databases
Why You Should Reconsider User Pricing with Microsoft 365 Backups
Top Moments from AWS re:Invent 2020
What Do Calm, AirPods, and Experts Have in Common? Cohesity at re:Invent
Is cloud the new tape? Modernizing data archiving
5 Reasons to Upgrade to Cohesity 6.3.1 Software
Need Backup for Cloud Databases, Cloud VMs, and Files? We've got you covered!
Data Protection for Your Azure Cloud-Native & Hybrid Cloud Workloads
It's Time to Automate: Moving to the Cloud Just Got Easier
Faster and more resilient data protection and management with Cohesity Pegasus 6.3
What is Mass Data Fragmentation
- By Ross Camp
Why We Redefined Data Management
- By Vineet Abraham
Practitioner's Guide to the 5 Top Reasons Enterprises Move their Data to the Cloud
- By Theresa Miller


Salinox proposes the installation of a glass opening roof in combination with retractable systems in a traditional residence in Greece. Both the Euphoria roof and the RW100-T guillotines are manufactured with thermally insulated aluminum profiles and double-glazed panels to keep the space completely protected from cold or heat. The systems operate electrically, providing complete ergonomics.


We are like sheep, and like sheep, if we don't have a shepherd to lead us we are doomed to be devoured. The good news is that God sent His Son to be our Shepherd and lead us through dangerous landscapes of a world with a lion seeking whom he may devour. So don't be so swift to think you can do it alone or choose your own path or go in a direction untested. Stay with the Shepherd and be saved.
Let's pray today that we may remain closely focused on the leading of the Shepherd.


text:
Q: Windows 7 is not loaded by the BIOS and the computer is repeatedly restarting I am running my laptop on a 3- to 4-year-old battery. My computer went into hibernation when I was running it on battery, but I think the hibernation was not successful. That is why my startup program is unable to load Windows 7.
Before this problem happened Windows ran normally. Then I used a bootable pendrive of Windows 8. Since I have limited resources like operating system, recovery disk, etc., I tried many solutions like discharging the battery, running without battery, etc., but nothing happens. I cannot access advanced Windows options by pressing F8. There is only a beep sound and the computer restarts.

A: The part of your question that said "Then I used a bootable pendrive of Windows 8." gave me some hope that you might have only corrupted your Windows bootloader. The Windows bootloader can be repaired if you have a Windows installation DVD, Windows recovery disk or a Windows recovery partition. However you suggested in your question that you don't have any of these.
There is also a free bootable live CD/USB called Rescatux that can repair the Windows bootloader all by itself. Rescatux has a graphical interface with a menu of operating system rescue tasks. You select the option to repair the Windows bootloader and it tries to repair the Windows bootloader. However it is not successful all of the time (the Restore Windows MBR option is still in beta).
Boot options:

*

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Update UEFI order

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Create a new UEFI Boot entry

*(>=0.41 beta 1) UEFI Partition Status

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Fake Microsoft Windows UEFI

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Hide Microsoft Windows UEFI

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Reinstall Microsoft Windows EFI

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Check UEFI Boot

GRUB options:

*

*(>=0.40 beta 11) Easy GNU/Linux Boot Fix

*Restore GRUB and GRUB2

*(>=0.31 beta 4) Update any GRUB2 menu

*Update Debian/Ubuntu GRUB menus

Windows options:

*

*Restore Windows MBR (BETA)

*Clear Windows passwords

*(>=0.31 beta 4) Promote a Windows user to Administrator role

*(>=0.41 beta 1) Reinstall Microsoft Windows EFI

*(>=0.31 beta 4) Unlock Windows user

Password options:

*

*Change GNU/Linux Password

*Regenerate sudoers file

*Clear Windows passwords

Expert tools:

*

*Boot-Repair

*GParted

*OS-Uninstaller

*Clean-Ubiquity

*PhotoRec

*TestDisk

Rescapp is a nice wizard that will guide you through your rescue tasks.
How to make a Rescatux live USB

*

*From Windows
Download Universal USB Installer (recommended at Rescatux Wiki ) and open the Universal USB Installer application, insert a USB flash drive, select your USB drive, and select the Rescatux iso file to write to the USB drive. Be very careful when you select the USB drive that you don't select one of the partitions on your hard drive by accident, which will result in overwriting all of the data on that partition and all the data that was on that partition will be lost.
Note: If you are working with 0.30 beta 4 (or newer) version you should extract the iso which it is found inside the iso you have downloaded ( boot/boot-isos folder ) and use that instead of the downloaded iso.

*From Linux
Follow the instructions at How to make a Rescatux USB.
To prevent overwriting a partition on your hard drive by accident and losing all the data on that partition, make sure you know which is your USB device before you write the Rescatux iso.


text:
Q: How do I know where the bluetooth data is coming from via hcidump? I have a Mitutoyo bluetooth tool which would send the data from the measurement instrument.
In general, it would behavior like a bluetooth keyboard ,which would key-in a number to my computer.
I would expect that I will get numerous these kinds of instruments , and each instrument would key-in its own number to the computer. With more than two of them I would no way to know where each of the number is coming from.
I'm using

hcidump -R -x

to see the raw data, I hope that I can distinguish which data is coming from which instrument
the data looks like :
02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 27 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 37 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 1F 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 1E 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 21 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 00 00

02 40 20 0F 00 0B 00 04 00 1B 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

which means 0.214 (refer to  27 37 1F 1E 21)
However, I don't know how to know where the data comes from by this data. My tool's address is 58:93:D8:C6:6B:47 and it's name is 0710005203 but I cannot match these info to the package data I received from the hcidump.
Could I use hcidump to just monitor a specific device's data?
(I find a command call hcidump -i but it seems to specific the bluetool device on the computer, not my slave tool)


Your friends, your music, your party.
Prom night can't last forever, but the memories will. Show your local pride by arriving in style on The Bend Trolley. The glittering disco ball and low twinkling lights create a uniquely classic atmosphere that are sure to set you and your friends apart from the rest. Any group can book a limo, but only one can ride the trolley.


USA – -(Ammoland.com)- Palmetto State Armory has a sale on the Trijicon MRO 1X25Mm 2.0MOA Adjustable Red Dot Optic for just $349.99 and FREE Shipping while supplies last. The MSRP on this is $480.00 and regualrly retails online for $415.00 to $460.00(even Amazon cannot beat this $$). So this is a great deal in our book and perfect compliment to our next home made tack driver.
The Trijicon MRO (Miniature Rifle Optic) is a sealed miniature reflex sight intended for use on rifles, carbines and shotguns to provide fast target acquisition. The large aperture and tapered light path maximizes the viewing area and allows for better situational awareness and fast target engagement – especially from non-standard shooting positions. Combine all this with the ambidextrous brightness controls, sub-flush adjusters, advanced lens coatings and the fully sealed, waterproof, hard anodized forged 7075-T6 housing and you have the ultimate mini reflex sight on the market.


Troy, ancient city made famous by Homer's account of the Trojan War . It is also called Ilion or, in Latin, Ilium. Its site is almost universally accepted as the mound now named Hissarlik, in Asian Turkey, c.4 mi (6.4 km) from the mouth of the Dardanelles. Accepting Greek tradition and details in Homeric poems as reliable, Heinrich Schliemann identified the site and conducted excavations there beginning in 1871. Nine successive cities or villages have occupied the site, the earliest dating from the Neolithic period. Attempting to determine which stratum of the mound was the Troy of the Trojan War, Schliemann first gave this distinction to the third stratum and then to the second. Excavations conducted by Wilhelm Dörpfeld in the 1890s indicated that the sixth stratum, representing the sixth settlement of the city, was the Homeric Troy. However, later discoveries by the Univ. of Cincinnati expedition under C. W. Blegen indicated that the seventh level was the Troy of Homer's period. At any rate, it has been definitely established that the Troy of the Trojan War was a Phrygian city and the center of a region known as Troas . The culture of the Trojans dates from the Bronze Age. The Romans, believing that they themselves were descendants of Aeneas and other Trojans, favored the city, and the ninth of the settlements on the site was of some importance in Roman times.
See H. Schliemann, Troy and Its Remains (1875) and Ilios: The City and the Country of the Trojans (1881, repr. 1968); J. L. Angel, Troy (1951); C. W. Blegen, ed., Troy (4 vol., 1950–58; supplementary monographs, 1961–63) and Troy and the Trojans (1963).


Voice of Women Organization (VWO) is an Afghanistan based national NGO operating in the Western Region of Afghanistan. VWO is striving to utilize the international assistance in the best interest of the Afghan communities through projects in various sectors, especially in approaching women rights and women empowerment in the society.
The Compliance Officer is responsible for addressing issues related to ensuring the VWO Projects' Compliance Audit mandate are fully incorporated into the VWO QH and 4 provinces' program. The Audit Compliance Officer works under the supervision of the Executive Director and is responsible for the timely execution of risk-based audit compliance in accordance with the annual audit plan, as well as assisting with other audit compliance matters and projects. The audit compliance officer plays a key role in the projects' overall audit compliance function to provide permanent quality assurance of internal control system by operating as an independent structure within the organization. This function's primary objective is to guarantee compliance with VWO and Donors' financial management standards and procurement rules and regulation within the Afghanistan working environment.
1. Plan, organize and carry out the annual internal audit plan, including the design of individual audit plan for specific target areas.
2. Verify compliance with policies and procedures for the safeguarding of assets.
3. Apply appropriate audit procedures to the areas reviewed to ensure that key control is tested and all significant risk is addressed.
4. Identify and evaluate areas for potential improvement in processes and controls while ensuring that all work adds value to the projects.
5. Prepare audit working paper.
6. Develop and discuss findings, agreed on recommendations, and timelines for corrective action with responsible area of operation audited.
7. Prepare draft audit report for review and formulates appropriate conclusions regarding the adequacy of internal control and procedures based on the work performed and knowledge of other operation in the projects.
8. Interact with all levels of management and projects' employees; convey audit findings persuasively and confidently in meeting with local staff.
9. Monitor the implementation status of agreed audit and compliance recommendation.
10. Contribute to the efficient and effective use of VWO and Donors resources by assisting management in educating staff on issues of ethics, code of conduct, and sue of the VWO Hotline when appropriate.
11. Conduct reviews and tasks requested by Executive Director provided that reviews and tasks do not compromise the independence or objective of the audit compliance functions.
(ACCA, part qualified or member )BBA, Bachelor in Economics or other related field, Master degree is desired.
Ability to work with M.S. Office Suite specially Excel Spreadsheet & Outlook, Internet browsing and QuickBooks knowledge and experience is highly preferred.
Possess initiative and ability to adapt and cope with pressure.


1-ABYMU strongly condemns SPDC military regime over the announcement (Dated 19th May 2000) indicating there will be violent crackdown against the monks.
warning to the regime, as it is impossible for them to restrain the anger of the people inside and outside the country.
(b) A protest march will be organized along three routes toward Rangoon.
4. The monks, students and people have held discussions and reached agreement, during 99 days, to co-operate with each while forming various groups.
the violence is committed by the regime.
5.Therefore the investors and tourists are urged to leave the country and the foreign governments are requested to evacuate their own citizen immediately.
of UN's failure to guarantee the safety of the world populace.
7. We appeal the monks and people of the country to be united in this time of national emergency.


text:
Debug = debug.Debug;

var expected_events = 1;
var log = [];

var p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  log.push("resolve");
  resolve();
});

var q = p.chain(
  function() {
    log.push("throw");
    throw new Error("uncaught");  // event
  });

function listener(event, exec_state, event_data, data) {
  if (event == Debug.DebugEvent.AsyncTaskEvent) return;
  try {
    if (event == Debug.DebugEvent.Exception) {
      expected_events--;
      assertTrue(expected_events >= 0);
      assertEquals("uncaught", event_data.exception().message);
      assertTrue(event_data.promise() instanceof Promise);
      assertSame(q, event_data.promise());
      assertTrue(event_data.uncaught());
      // Assert that the debug event is triggered at the throw site.
      assertTrue(exec_state.frame(0).sourceLineText().indexOf("// event") > 0);
    }
  } catch (e) {
    %AbortJS(e + "\n" + e.stack);
  }
}

Debug.setBreakOnUncaughtException();
Debug.setListener(listener);

log.push("end main");

function testDone(iteration) {
  function checkResult() {
    try {
      assertTrue(iteration < 10);
      if (expected_events === 0) {
        assertEquals(["resolve", "end main", "throw"], log);
      } else {
        testDone(iteration + 1);
      }
    } catch (e) {
      %AbortJS(e + "\n" + e.stack);
    }
  }

  %EnqueueMicrotask(checkResult);
}

testDone(0);


Eric Westlund has been teaching in the Luther Mathematics department since 2001. For the 2018-19 academic year, he will be teaching Calculus II, Probability and Statistics I & II, and Introduction to Statistics. His research is in algebraic topology and dynamical systems.
Eric Westlund maintained by huintr01. Page last updated on 1 August 2018.


Waterfall bath filling unit - RAVAK a.s.
It will refresh your senses and originally combine practical functionality with aesthetic value. The bathtub is filling - watch its refreshing stream merge with the perfect beauty of the tap and its fall on the surface with a vitalizing energy.
Revitalise your senses by filling your bathtub from a tap on a stand in the style of a waterfall. This original combination of practical function with added aesthetic value will make your bathtub waterfall a unique experience. Watch as the refreshing stream of water fills the bathtub and be reinvigorated by the beautiful perfection of the metal fixture married with the fall of water.
The visual and auditory sensation of filling the bathtub with a waterfall tap combine to form a unique experience that you will always look forward to.
You can choose the tap stand according to the design of your bathtub, whether naturally rounded or minimalist. The bathtub tap stand will always be an experience and will not affect the ceramic wall tiling.
You like filling the bathtub with the waterfall but do not want to skip showering? You don't have to! The bathtub waterfall is provided with a diverter that allows you to shower.
Flow rate (0,3 MPa): bath 19,8 l/min., shower 12,6 l/min.


John Jenkins didn't expect to crack the rotation in his first two games with the Knicks. Jenkins, on his previous 10-day contract with the Wizards, logged just 14 minutes in five games.
The days ahead just got much better.
Having impressed the Knicks by averaging 10.5 points, while shooting 50 percent from the field, in two games before the All-Star break, Jenkins was signed to a league minimum deal that will keep him with the team the rest of the season.
Jenkins, 27, is with his fifth NBA team since being taken in the first round of the 2012 draft, and is a career 36.8 percent 3-point shooter.
Jenkins' two-year deal isn't fully guaranteed. He doesn't know what next season will bring, but he understands what this Knicks season is about.
Guard Emmanuel Mudiay (shoulder), who has been out since Jan. 23, is expected to return for Friday's home game against Minnesota.
Guard Frank Ntilikina (groin) did not practice Thursday, and will miss an 11th straight game.


text:
Nikon to make DSLRs at £5m Laos plant to cut costs
The move is designed to 'reinforce' DSLR production and 'reduce costs', said Nikon Corporation president Makoto Kimura.
Nikon currently makes its entry and mid-range DSLRs in Thailand.
'With the establishment of this new factory in Laos, a part of the production for digital SLR cameras, which are completed as final products at Nikon (Thailand), will be done in Laos,' reads a statement released by Nikon's headquarters in Tokyo, Japan.
The plant will cost 60 billion Laos kip, equivalent to around £5 million, and is due to open in October.
Last month, Nikon said it expects to sell 100,000 fewer interchangeable-lens cameras than previously forecast, and admitted it has been hit by competition-fuelled price drops that began in November 2012.
Nikon also slashed its lens sales forecast – by 200,000.
Last week, Nikkei.com reported that the company plans to cut its camera 'inventory' by 20%, partly by speeding up production.
At the time of writing, Nikon had yet to respond to a request for comment on the Nikkei article.
In a profile published by BBC News, Laos – a communist state – is described as one of east Asia's poorest countries, which has 'struggled to find its position within the changing political and economic landscape', and with a human rights record that has 'come under scrutiny'.
Canon EOS 700D replaces nine-month-old 650D
Cash appeal for film about photographer Carlos Clarke