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Keith Hill has been pleased with the level of Rochdale's performances since he returned to the club last month.
The 43-year-old on 22 January following the dismissal of John Coleman.
"There's a decent nucleus of players there to work with and I'm encouraged by the two performances that we've had," Hill told BBC Radio Manchester.
"The players have been magnificent to work with, but we've got to continue in the same vein. We've got to turn these draws into three-point results.
"With 16 games to play, there's still a lot to play for. It's quite a condensed league and I don't think there's too much difference in quality between position A and position Z."
Dale are currently 15th in League Two, eight points from a play-off spot.
Hill was out of work for less than a month before taking control at his previous club.
And he says his passion for the game has been reignited since taking the job, adding: "It's been brilliant to be back. I'm happy and there's a lot to be said for being happy.
"I think my family have noticed the change in me over the last couple of weeks - I feel as though I've come out of a footballing coma."


Home » Discussion Forums » Cloud Backup » Cloud Backup Agent failing, does not install?
I've been getting all sorts of weird errors lately. None of which make sense and seem to come and go at random. I don't think Kaseya copes well with the Acronis cloud being slow or unreachable (or any other form of transient error), for starters.
Anyhow, start with a reapply schema in your VSA....this should eliminate any 'in house' issues.
I've also found you will need to uninstall any other backup software e.g. solarwinds/gfi/aiso/old acronis/shadowprotect/symantec/veritas etc. or the new acronis code won't install.


I love that I'm not alone in my utter disgust for the news layout.
ESPN has now fixed that.
who is interested in getting a team in the fantasy league?
My team is up for sale (for $0).
The team is actually doing quite well. It has efficient scorers, playmakers and decent rebounding.
Hi Rody, which league is this?
It's a good team, but I don't really care about the game anymore. Can you take the team and give it to someone else if anybody is interested?
New owner found. We are back to 20.


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The Accidental Human (Accidentals #3) by Dakota Cassidy
6:43 pm 21 June 2015
Wanda has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has been given six months to live. Unlike her supernatural friends Marty and Nina, Wanda has not had the luck of meeting a supernatural lover and so decides that it's time to get her affairs in order, so as not to burden her friends and family when she is gone. Enter the very human Heath Jefferson. Heath is down on his luck and very much in need of a job and so decides to answer Wanda's ad for a make up sales person. First, Heath must convince Wanda that even though he is a man, he can sell makeup to women and then when he discovers his attraction to her, Heath has to find a way to make Wanda admit her attraction to him as well. The clock is ticking though, and with only a few months left to live, Wanda has to consider whether its fair to lead Heath on, though he just might be the love of her life.
The Accidental Human is a bit of a relief after reading Accidentally Dead, which had Nina as the protagonist. Wanda is thoughtful, conservative, and an obsessive list maker. Learning of her impending death causes Wanda to step outside of her comfort zone. Unfortunately, Wanda is another gently used protagonist, so part of her dealing with her impending death, is to attempt to have a friends with benefits relationship with Heath. Wanda also begins to swear freely for the first time and even calls her childhood bully to tell him off. For the most part, Wanda is enjoyable.
I still found myself cringing with every scene Nina appeared in. Nina continues to be hostile and angry for the sake of giving the appearance of toughness and ends up being a distraction each time she appears. I like that Wanda is the glue which holds the friendship between her, Marty and Nina together. At the end of the day, despite their differences, these women really care about each other and make their relationship a priority despite the hectic nature of their lives. I really like that Nina encourages Wendy to have sex and take of her "womanly needs", without any kind of shame.
The love interest in The Accidental Human is Heath, a former vampire. Heath wakes up one day to find that he is human after two hundred years and all of his earthly possessions have disappeared because they were all the result of magic. With his manservant at his side, Heath is determined to embrace his sudden humanity, though it means sleeping in a homeless shelter while searching for a way for a job. Having been turned down from various fast food placed and Walmart, the prospects look grim. If this is Cassidy's version of attempting to introduce class into the Accidentals series, it fails miserably. Heath mentions that it is difficult to stay clean and yet, beyond this statement of fact, he is always impeccably groomed. Because of his sudden poverty, Heath is forced to eat things like Ramen Noodles and Spam, yet is overjoyed by this diet because he finally has the opportunity to eat food after two hundred years. He only vaguely mentions gaining weight because of his diet and never discusses how a diet lacking in things like fiber, fruit and vegetable and high in sugar and starch, can leave one unhealthy and without energy.
When Heath calls about a job selling Bobbie-Sue makeup products, and Wanda expresses doubt about his ability to sell, he invokes gender discrimination. This is meant to be used for a laugh because it perplexes Wanda because she cannot understand why a man would want to step outside of society's rigid gender roles and sell makeup, despite the fact that Heath goes to great lengths to make it clear that he needs a job. This bit of role reversal with Wanda being Heath's boss and Heath invoking gender discrimination for laughs really didn't work for me at all.
In terms of inclusion, it really The Accidental Human is a hot mess. There is tons of speculation regarding Heath's sexual orientation by Wanda and her friends. This is followed by constant assurance that not only is Heath heterosexual, he is so uber confident in his masculinity because he can sell makeup at a Trans America pageant and doesn't get upset when the contestants come on to him. Really? No, really? Naturally, Heath breaks a Bobbi-Sue record selling to the contestants and all this because he is supposedly so progressive when it comes to gender.
Source: http://www.fangsforthefantasy.com/2015/06/the-accidental-human-accidentals-3-by.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Load Imagesource into Control I need an instance of System.Windows.Controls.Control which displays an image.
But all i have is an imagesource.
I can use
var image = new Image();
image.Source = imageSource;

but, besides Image is in the Controls namespace, it is itself not derived from Control.
Is there an easy way to get the Imagesource programmatically into a control?

A: You could wrap it in a ContentControl.
ContentControl cc = new ContentControl();
cc.Content = image;

But I'm really curious why you need a Control.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Analysis Forex
Top People
HomeMarket Overview
Vodafone Idea's fundraising put on hold as govt delays equity call
By Worldnewstalk
Vodafone Idea's (Vi's) search for a lifeline has turned longer and tougher even as it continues to lose customers and delay vendor payments. Vi's much-needed Rs 1,600-crore fundraising plan got stuck due to the government's silence on picking up a proposed 33 per cent equity in the financially stressed telco.
The development spells further trouble for the company, which has an overall debt pile of Rs 2.2 trillion, including hefty dues to the government.
This comes in the midst of a group-level crisis at Vodafone, the Newbury (Berkshire)-headquartered partner of the Aditya Birla group in Vi.
On Monday, Vodafone had announced the resignation of group CEO Nick Read after he failed to halt the continuous slide in the share price and get the big global merger deals going.
Back home on Tuesday, Vi informed the stock exchange that the shareholder resolution for issue of optionally convertible debentures to American Tower Corporation (ATC) had lapsed in the absence of an approval from the government for conversion of interest on adjusted gross revenue and spectrum dues into equity.
The issuance of equity stake to the government is a condition for fund infusion by ATC.
Significantly, in a filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, ATC had earlier this week expressed uncertainty over receiving timely payments from Vi.
Government sources had earlier indicated that the conversion of interest into equity would depend on Vodafone Idea promoters infusing funds. The promoters, on their part, have not infused fresh funds. When contacted, officials at the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) on Tuesday said that no decision on the matter had been taken so far and that the issue was still being investigated by the finance ministry. "This is a dynamic matter and involves many moving parts. The finance ministry continues to look into the issue," a senior DoT official said.
Vi maintained that it had no intimation from the government on debt conversion.
Senior bank executives said while the delay (in capital raising) was definitely a matter of concern, there was no change in lenders' stance. Capital infusion should happen before new funding from lenders could be considered, they said. ''The telecom operator is making payments till now and is not being considered as an account for additional provisioning,'' one of the bankers said. The company has reduced its bank debt to Rs 15,000 crore in Q2 FY 2023 from Rs 23,000 crore a year ago.
In its exchange notification, Vi said: "As the company has not received any communication from the government of India on such conversion (AGR interest dues into equity), the issuance of optionally convertible debentures to ATC has not been completed within the validity period of shareholders' resolution (15 days from the passing of the resolution). Accordingly, the shareholders' resolution has lapsed."
"The company is in discussion with ATC for extension of the agreement and a fresh shareholders' approval will be sought as required," Vi added.
On October 21, the Vi board had approved the issue of 16,000 OCDs having a face value of Rs 10 lakh each to raise Rs 1,600 crore. These were to be converted into equity shares of Rs 10 each for allotment to ATC Telecom Infrastructure Private Limited on a preferential basis. The company's shareholders approved the plan on November 21.
Vi had said the funds raised via debentures would be used to pay pending dues of ATC under the master lease agreement and any remaining amount could be used for general corporate purposes.
For the past several months Vi has struggled to raise funds leading to delayed vendor payments and subscriber loss. It has been unable to sign contracts with gear manufacturers for 5G network equipment while competition is aggressively rolling out their services.
In a post-result conference call last month, Vi CEO Akshaya Moondra told analysts: ''We are trying to close the funding quickly so that some of the backlog of vendor payments that we have can be addressed."
(With inputs from Abhijit Lele in Mumbai)
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text:
Q: Problem with puppeteer in combination with testing I am having a problem. I am new to JavaScript and I can't really solve this error.
I am getting data from a website via puppeteer and then I want to test if it is the right one:
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

(async () => {
    const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.goto('https://6mr2n.csb.app/#');

    header = await page.evaluate(() => {
        header = document.querySelector('header[class="header"]').innerText;
        return header;
    });

    console.info(`The header is: ${header}`);
    await browser.close
    module.exports = header;
})();

My test file (jest) is:
const index = require('./index');

test('Hallo', () => {
    expect(index.header).toEqual('todos');
  });

Probably I am just stupid, but I really tried a lot to solve this. Running the main file works but running the test (npm run test) gives following:
expect(received).toEqual(expected) // deep equality

Expected: "todos"
Received: undefined

  4 |
  5 | test('Hallo', () => {
> 6 |     expect(index.header).toEqual('todos');
    |                          ^
  7 |   });

  at Object.<anonymous> (index.test.js:6:26)

And also:
Cannot log after tests are done. Did you forget to wait for something async in your test?
Attempted to log "The header is: todos".

A: You could use a named async function in your puppeteer script (e.g.: header()) which returns the header value that you needed, and finally export it as module.exports.header = header outside the main function.
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer')

const header = async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch()
  const page = await browser.newPage()
  await page.goto('https://6mr2n.csb.app/#')

  const headerVal = await page.evaluate(() => {
    headerVal = document.querySelector('header[class="header"]').innerText
    return headerVal
  })

  await browser.close()
  console.info(`The header is: ${headerVal}`)
  return headerVal
}

module.exports.header = header

Your test needs an async function as well, so you are able to await it, e.g.:
const index = require('./index')

test('Hallo', async () => {
  const headerVal = await index.header()
  expect(headerVal).toEqual('todos')
})

Note: you need browser.close() to close the browser instance.
Note 2: You can retrieve the innerText like this as well:
const headerVal = await page.evaluate(el => el.innerText, await page.$('.header'))

A: You set module.exports in async function, but require('./index') does not wait for this setting and returns empty object. (BTW, you need module.exports.header = header to use index.header).
To fix this, you can try to return a Promise and to wait for it:
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

module.exports = (async () => { /* ... */ return header; })();

const headerPromise = require('./index');

(async function main() {
  const header = await headerPromise;
  test('Hallo', () => {
    expect(header).toEqual('todos');
  });
})();


DONE WATCH--The Neighborhood Council Budget Advocates are an elected team of NC members who spend thousand of hours meeting annually with departments and unions, to review wants and needs, and to scrub through the city budget, in order to report to the Mayor and City Council on matters of budget and city services.
DONE WATCH--There's bad luck and there's bad timing, and many times through no fault of anyone in particular, people get walloped by both. It's the wrong-time/wrong-place situation we attribute to freakishly unavoidable car wrecks.
EASTSIDER-It is not a secret that the Department of Neighborhood Empowerment (DONE) is broken. It is equally evident that something like 90 percent of their woes are self-inflicted wounds by Grayce Liu, the DONE staff and their assigned City Attorney. So, what should we do?
HCNC SUBDIVISION BACKSTORY--Five days before Christmas, the Executive Committee of the Historic Cultural Neighborhood Council (HCNC) was notified a subdivision was being filed and that the application deadline was January 15th. The next scheduled Board meeting was January 9th.
DONE WATCH-First, a little history. Since its inception, the "Department" has been plagued with complaint after complaint ranging from complete lack of response to utter ineptness. Motion after motion that could be misconstrued or abused has followed, creating a greater window for abuse and plenty of excusesto be used by the same bureaucrats trying to hold on to their six figure jobs.
WHO THOUGHT THIS ONE UP?--Nestled in the AroyoSeco lies Hermon (pop. 3,500), a quaint art deco-infused hamlet that as of April 2017 has the unique distinction of being LA's "tiniest" neighborhood, replete with its own certified neighborhood council. The first birthed under the city's new NC Sub-Division ordinance promulgated and shepherded by City Councilmember, Jose Huizar, who happens to represent Hermon in his fourteenth district; most likely a coincidence. Not.
The last few of months have been brutal, painful and beyond disheartening. Knowing this, for Christmas one of my besties sent me a bottle of Traverse City Bourbon. It seemed apropos I should pull that out and sip a few while I write this.


text:
Jun 26 60s Star, Brian "Licorice" Locking Steps From The Shadows To Play Newport!
Former Shadows bassist Brian 'Licorice' Locking will join Newport based guitarist Maurice Woodcroft (Guitar Moods) for an evening of Shadows Music and a anecdotes on November 2, 2019
Brian joined the Shadows in 1962 after original bass man Jet Harris left the group to pursue a solo career. By this time, The Shadows, had already topped the charts with Apache and Kon-Tiki, and would go on to have three further number ones during Brian's time with the group with Wonderful Land, Dance On and FootTapper.
As well as performing on hits such as Atlantis and Guitar Tango, Brian also appeared with The Shadows in 'Summer Holiday' and performed on the top selling EP soundtrack for the cult film, The Boys.
Newport-based guitarist Maurice Woodcroft was lead guitarist/vocalist with Shadows tribute band 'Bungleflint' who toured the UK and France and recorded the highly acclaimed CD 'Deja Vu' which featured on the BBC Radio Rock Show.
A must for fans of 60s music, the show entitled Guitar Moods and a Shadow is a rare opportunity to hear anecdotes and classic instrumental hits performed live by a true Shadows legend in the intimate setting of The Riverfront's studio.
For tickets visit tickets.newportlive.co.uk or alternately call the box office on 01633 656757
Music, Newport, November 2019
Jun 27 Henry's Funeral Shoe Release New Video, "Everybody Says Hi"
Jun 26 Review: Philharmonia - The Planets, St David's Hall, Cardiff
Sep 24 Celebrate The Autumn Season With Sinfonia Cymru
Dec 7 The Vamps To Play Newport Centre In 2019
Jun 3 Hank Marvin Steps From The Shadows To Release Career-Spanning Gold CD Set


text:
How to buy infection control products (eBook)
Crawford Coates
Gratitude: A force multiplier for first responders
One simple way to improve your quality of life now is to take stock of all the blessings you've been bestowed, despite everything else
Force multipliers have long been employed to improve outcomes in public safety. From license plate readers to thermal imagers to wearable technologies – any tool for getting more out of what you've got finds space in the first responder's overcrowded tool bag.
"If you think about the job of a cop, it's really more like several jobs merged together," said Dale Stockton, a partner at Public Safety Insight, co-founder of the law enforcement safety initiative Below 100 and retired police captain. "One moment you're consoling a grieving parent, and the next you're in a foot pursuit or handling a domestic violence call. Add to this the increasingly bureaucratic and legalistic framework under which officers often work and, yeah, you need tools and technologies that are going to make your good efforts go further while keeping you between the lines."
According to Stockton, there's one particularly potent force multiplier within anyone's budget and reach, and which will pay dividends that reverberate positively throughout life. That is gratitude.
There's a potent force multiplier within anyone's budget and reach that will pay dividends that reverberate positively throughout life. That is gratitude. (Getty Images)
"When any one of us takes a moment to take a step back and appreciate this gift of life, everything comes into perspective. It's not always easy, or even possible sometimes. But, believe me, a little bit of gratitude here and there goes a long way," said Stockton.
The science of gratitude
Professor Robert A. Emmons, a psychologist at U.C. Davis, has spent much of his career bearing this out. According to Emmons, people who routinely express gratitude see a host of benefits. These benefits, furthermore, are found in children, seniors and everyone in between. These include:
Better, more restful sleep
Lower blood pressure
Increased awareness and engagement
Increased confidence and optimism
Improved physical health and increased exercise.
Emmons describes gratitude as cultivating an appreciation for what's good in your life. This is not to pretend life is perfect or without challenges and pains. Gratitude practice is instead a habitual reframing around what's good, often in the form of a gratitude journal. The next part, according to Emmons, entails accepting that much of what is good in life comes from outside of ourselves. For some, this might be God. For others, this is an appreciation for the joy brought to us by people, places and things.
Again, it's not always easy. "In law enforcement in particular," said Stockton, "many are giving up on the profession they once loved." A survey from Police1 and Calibre Press in June of last year confirms this: 36% would not have chosen the profession if they were to do it over again; 80% said they wouldn't recommend the job to a son or daughter.
"I know it's rough out there," said Stockton. "But we've never needed good men and women in uniform more than this moment. This is still honorable, necessary work – even though it's now a political third rail. Believe me: In my 32 years on the job, I've seen the pendulum swing both ways before. And who else is going to push this profession forward if not you?"
Tips for first responders
For those questioning their professional decision or feeling down, Stockton has some suggestions.
1. Write it down. "Why'd you get into public safety? Did you want to help people? Write it down! Did you want a dependable salary? Write it down. Now ask yourself, are the reasons you got into the profession absent now? In my experience, probably not. You can still make a difference every day."
2. Affirm your gratitude. "Say to yourself, 'I am grateful for the comradery.' 'I'm grateful for the authority that's been entrusted in me.' 'I'm thankful for the support of the broader society and the people I am able to help.' Say these things out loud."
3. Laugh. "People say the world is crazy, and it is! Laughter truly is medicine. As I say, police work is like having front-row seats at the 50-yard line of life."
4. Exercise. "At this point in my life, it's now a daily walk. And along the way, I'm often reminding myself of things that I'm thankful for. It might sound trivial, but sometimes I'll say out loud, 'I'm grateful for the birds that I can hear.' 'I'm thankful that I can actually hear.' 'I appreciate the sidewalk or the path, the warmth of the sunshine, even the ability to just walk.'"
5. Don't be selfish. "Inherent in being a first responder is risk. We take on risks all the time and this influences our thinking profoundly. What I implore you to do – especially younger folks, who think you're invincible – is to not take stupid risks. When one of us gets hurt or worse, it affects so many people. Think of the people in your life and develop a healthy respect for the risks you're willing to take. At Below 100 training events I'll often ask, in all seriousness: Who else do you want raising your kids?"
Some might find the concept of gratitude removed from and foreign to the work of law enforcement and first response. Stockton laughs: "I'm grateful that we are all entitled to our opinions! But seriously: Give it a shot and see. There's no cost to it, and it just might work."
Being a first responder has never been easy. The routine occupational stress is only exacerbated by recent events: COVID-19, economic uncertainty and political polarization. Stress is a force you don't want to multiply. One simple way to improve your quality of life now is to take stock of all the blessings you've been bestowed, despite everything else. Make a habit of this – a habit of gratitude – and see if it doesn't make you, and the people around you, happier.
Crawford Coates is the content marketing manager for Lexipol. Prior to this role, he was publisher at Calibre Press, a publisher and trainer for law enforcement, and an editor at PennWell Public Safety. He is a co-founder of Below 100 and author of the book "Mindful Responder: The First Responder's Field Guide to Improved Resilience, Fulfillment, Presence, & Fitness--On & Off the Job."
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From Plymouth, take the A38 westbound bypassing Dobwalls, then at the new roundabout take the second left onto the A390 (signposted to St. Austell) to East Taphouse, then sharp left onto the B3359 for approximately 5 miles. Lanreath is signposted on the right.
From Truro, take the A30 to Bodmin, then onto the A38 eastbound. After about 4 miles take a right turn (signposted to Looe) which leads to the A390 where you turn left. Some 2 miles on take a right turn onto the B3359 for approximately 5 miles. Lanreath is signposted on the right.
Alternatively, take the A390 eastbound direct to the B3359 turn off.


text:
1.8 Million Years of Clare History (or 150 feet)
Posted on February 25, 2015 by martyjbird
Note: This is the first of two posts dealing with the geologic history of Clare County, Michigan, USA.
Ever take a good look at our county? Its rolling landscape, many bodies of water (20 Lakes in 20 Minutes), numerous gravel and sand pits, the fact that the south end of the county is hundreds of feet lower than the north end. Ever wonder why it looks the way it does? Why it has so many rocks? So many lakes? And oil?
It's a fascinating story.
What we now call Clare County has been around for more than 4 billion years and has physically traveled a long way and has seen volcanos and oceans. Only recently–in the last 11,000 years of so–has it been in the form we now know it. If you think of time as a yardstick*–a really long yardstick in this example–with every 1,000 years being an inch and us at one end, Clare County has existed in its present form for about 11 inches, while the land far underneath and around has been in existence for about 66 miles or so. As I said, a really long yardstick. But more on that later.
And while the land has been around for more than 4 billion years, you won't find any dinosaur bones. Now there is always a remote chance you will find the remains of a mastodon and woolly mammoth in the county (a tooth most likely since those tend to survive because they don't decay as easily, no pun intended), any traces of dinosaurs were scrubbed way by glaciers and/or buried several thousand feet and under tons and tons (and tons) of glacial till, which is debris from a glacier.
Circles indicate where the remains of a mastodon were found. Most discoveries have been where swamps once existed. The theory is that the animals may have fallen through a mat of vegetation trying to feed, were quickly swallowed by mud and were preserved.
If you do find a mastodon or mammoth (and it more likely to be the former since they have been found in Michigan more often), yours will be the first. That's because while mastodon fossils have been found in most surrounding counties and mammoth fossils in a few counties, neither has been found in this county. And yes, there is a difference between the two herbivores but no, they are not dinosaurs. Real dinosaurs like your t-rex and triceratops have been extinct for hundreds of millions of years (3 miles on our yardstick), while these elephant-sized, mammals (the largest that we know of in our state) last trod our mitten-shaped peninsula 6,000 to 8,000 years ago (6-8 yardstick inches away), according to scientists who study that kind of stuff.
I learned this from a paper by Margaret Anne Skeels of The University of Michigan, entitled The Mastodons and Mammoths of Michigan, presented back in 1961. And if a mammoth or mastodon remain has been found in the last 54 years, I can't find evidence of the discovery.
Ms Skeels also wrote that we don't really know why these critters became extinct, but that it was most likely due to a warming climate. The same warming that caused the glaciers to retreat to the arctic. While there is evidence that Indians of the Southwest hunted mastodons, we have no evidence that Indians in our state hunted them or were at all responsible for their extinction.
However, let me rewind a bit and talk more about glaciers and ice ages. I will cover our really distant past (oceans, the equator, formation of oil deposits and more) in Part 2.
The retreat of last of the four glaciers that covered Clare County. Each glacier sculpted our county and dropped tons of sediment (glacial till), in its wake.
Scientists believe there were at least four glaciers that covered all of Michigan and much of North America over many hundreds of thousands of years, complete with warm periods in-between when the glaciers receded. These ice ages and resulting glaciers were known as the Nebraskan, Kansan, Illinoisan, and the Wisconsinan. Why the earth cooled enough that glaciers from the arctic region expanded to cover all of Michigan and a good part of North America is unknown but it may have to do with long-term variations in the orbit of the earth (Milankovitch Cycles).
And whether we are currently in one of the those "in-between periods" is also unknown; however, it is known that starting about 1.8 million years ago (150 feet away on our yardstick), at the start of what is known as the Quaternary period, it got cold and it stayed cold and that ice sheets covered all 83 Michigan counties including ours. The height of those glaciers has been is estimated to be 10,000 feet or more, and the tremendous weight and pressure of the ice compressed the earth as it gouged and shaped the landscape.
While these glaciers advanced, they captured and transported with it everything in its path from huge boulders to rocks, stones and gravel. That means many of the rocks you see or that farmers have to contend with when they plow, may have come from hundreds of miles to the north where it was transported by the final glacier.
Black lines show the many moraines in our state. The Saginaw Bay region is without moraines because it was until relatively recently (geologically speaking) under water and its moraines have been eroded by wave action or low areas filled in with sand and debris.
The glaciers' movements weren't constant and the advances and retreats occurred over 10s of thousands of years (the last glacial age lasted more than 100,000 years). When the Wisconsinan glacier finally retreat for the last time–which means the glacier was melting faster than it was advancing–all the geologic junk contained in the ice was dropped in irregular piles, creating the landscape we now see. Where the glacier was in one place for a longer period of time (decades perhaps) hilly areas developed called moraines.
There are many moraines in Michigan and one rather large one divides our county roughly in half. Its southernmost boundary is quite visible as one drives on Old-27 near Adams Road with James Hill as one of the landmarks (see photo below). In this general area the Saginaw lob of that final glacier rubbed up against the Lake Michigan lobe with both dropping glacial till in the form of rocks, sand and gravel, and gushing huge quantities of meltwater. To the south of the moraine and several hundred feet lower in elevation are Clare and Farwell. Atop the moraine are the communities of Harrison, Temple and Leota. There is more to the story than just a difference in elevation. The soils are different with that to the south being less sandy and more fertile (see Soil story below).
Our lakes were included in the glacial formation, both the Great Lakes and our inland lands. Many of the inland lakes were the result of great blocks of ice being dropped by the glacier, then being buried under tremendous amount of debris left by ice. Once the glaciers melted, the ice blocks too slowly melted under the glacial till leaving depressions filled with water in their wake. How big were the ice blocks? Well, think Houghton Lake and closer to home, Budd Lake.
The glacial till is thick. According to S. G.Berquist, in his The Glacial History and Development of Michigan, the average depth of glacial deposits over the bedrock in the state is 300 feet. In other places, like in the western end of the Upper Peninsula, the bedrock remains visible and minerals such as iron and copper can be found because the glacier was not powerful enough to erode them.
View looking south atop the glacial moraine at James Hill (Adams and Old 27).
Because the till left by the glacier are mixed, the deposits in many areas of our state are unstratified, that is mixed and lacking in layers. However, because the vast amount of meltwater issuing from the retreating glaciers carried sediment with it as it flowed, that water often sorted the till into various sizes such as cobble, gravel, pebble, sand, silt and clay, according to Berquist. That's why we find sand pits, gravel pits and the like in our county and around our state.
So, the next time you take a drive or a walk, look around you and marvel at what God, nature and time has wrought. Then pick up a rock and look at it carefully and take time to appreciate it. After all, it traveled a long way to get to you.
(Writer's Note: Please let me know if any of my information is not clear or in error. I like geology and wanted to keep this brief and easy to read but I also want it accurate.)
Want to learn more about Michigan's glaciers? Here are some resources:
www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-BU04_216119_7.pdf
www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/BU_04opt_314532_7.pdf
www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-BU04pixs_216120_7.pdf
* The yardstick idea comes from Geologic Time Line Helper on the Dept. of Environmental Quality website. (www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-GTLH-GEN_307780_7.pdf)
MORE ON CLARE COUNTY'S SOIL
The book the Soil Survey of Clare County, Michigan, published by the United States Dept. of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service (1978) graphically illustrates the soil types found in the county. Below is a map of the county and accompanying legend.
The approximate location of the glacial moraine (running northeast to southwest) can be discerned in the map below in the soil shown in yellow. The legend descriptions of the soils in the northern section of the county generally include sandy in their definitions, while the soil to the south (designated by a 4) does not include that term. Soil to the south of the moraine is generally more fertile. One reason is that the lower elevations to the south were under water for an extended period of time when the glaciers receded due to the elevated levels of the Great Lakes and the forerunner to Saginaw Bay.
Colors show the various soil types found in the county. The soil to the south is more fertile owing to the fact the land below the glacier moraine was underwater following the glacier and gained additional nutrients. The red circle at the center shows the general location of James Hill.
Categories: Clare County, ecology, History, Michigan | Tags: bedrock, clare county, Clare County Michigan, Clare Michigan, geology, glaciers, mammoths, mastadons, michigan basin, moraines, petoskey, sediments | 1 Comment
Old Photo IDs and Journalism 101
Posted on October 15, 2014 by martyjbird
Who were these people? Were they two of the vilest people to ever call Michigan home or were they someone's sweet great- great-uncle and great-great-aunt?
Up until a few months ago I thought they were the former. I believed they were Jim Carr and Maggie Duncan. Both lived during the lumbering era of the 1880s when Clare County was in the midst of a short-lived economic boom brought about by the lumbering of the county's many forests. Carr owned the Devil's Ranch Stockade, a combination saloon and whorehouse in that small mid-Michigan community located in the small community of Harrison. Carr ran the saloon while—at least it seems from the arrest records–Duncan handled the prostitutes.
In fact I was so sure I included those two photos in blog post entitled "Jim and Maggie: Disreputable, Despicable and Clare County's Own.," which provided a summary of the lives and their crimes. I was confident in my identification because those same photos appeared in two books: Frankie and the Barons by Stuart Gross, and Michigan Rogues, Desperadoes, Cut-Throats by Tom Powers.
Then Angela Kellogg tossed the proverbial monkey wrench into things.
In 2013, Kellogg, a Harrison librarian, was working with Cody Beemer on a book about Harrison. Because the book would primarily use photographs to tell the county's history, Kellogg intended to use the two photos. However, she first wanted to ensure the two photos were actually of Carr and Duncan. She didn't doubt that photos of the two existed, or at least had once existed. It's likely both would have taken time away from their criminal enterprises to sit for a portrait with the local photographer. Many people did back then either to share or for the novelty of it.
These are the photos identified as Carr and Duncan as they appear in the Power's book. They photos are identical to the ones in the Gross book.
So it was likely there had been photos of Carr and Duncan taken, but if they still existed neither Kellogg or Beemer had ever seen them, and Kellogg was not going to include any photo she could not positively identify.
It's a Journalism 101 rule writers of history too often forget: "If your mother says she loves you, get proof."
So Kellogg sought to contact the two authors to get that proof. Powers quickly responded saying he copied the photos from the book by Gross but had not confirmed the identity of the two figures. (I can't blame the man since it was the same thing I had done when I wrote my Carr/Duncan post.)
That left Gross. Unfortunately getting that proof proved difficult since Gross had died in 1996. Undeterred, Kellogg contacted the book publisher Gross had used and was directed to a woman who worked there now and had been an intern when Gross was putting the finishing touches on his "Frankie" book. She remembered rather lengthy discussions on the topic of the two photos and told Kellogg that Gross felt very strongly the two photos were the infamous pair and so pushed for their publication. However, Kellogg's source did not remember any real evidence that Gross had to back up his assertion.
Why Gross was so insistent is not known. he must have had some evidence, even circumstantial. However, whatever evidence he produced had been enough so that his argument carried the day; the two photos became Carr and Duncan.
But not in Kellogg and Beemer's book. The story of Carr and Duncan is told but no photos of them are included. Journalism 101.
Then the question still remains: Who were these people? Are they Carr and Duncan or are they someone's kindly old relative long deceased who may now have hundreds of heirs.
If you know, please let Angie Kellogg at the Harrison District Library know, respond to this post, or send an email to the Clare County Historical Society. Maybe someone still has the archives of Stuart Gross. Maybe somewhere in there is the evidence that had convinced Gross.
In the meantime, be vigilant. You already know you have to take what you read on the Internet with a grain of salt. Maybe an entire salt shaker. It might also be worth exercising that same note of caution with what you read in books, especially if they rely heavily on the research of others. As this story shows, not everything you read is necessarily accurate. At the same time, please note that the remaining information on Carr and Duncan that appears in the Gross and Power books appears to be historically accurate, although both seem to rely on the research of others and on old newspaper accounts.
Note: Kellogg and Beemer's book on Harrison (with 100% verified information) is available by contacting Kellogg at the above link.
Categories: Clare County, Harrison, History, logging | Leave a comment
Hotel Doherty (Home to Leprechauns and Rest Stop for Travelers) Turns 90
Posted on April 7, 2014 by martyjbird
Undated photo of the Hotel Doherty
The Hotel Doherty is 90. It opened in early April 1924 and was as modern for its time as a hotel could be, as the article below from the April 11 issue of The Clare Sentinel testifies. The Doherty sits on the NE corner of McEwan and Fifth in the city of Clare and the hotel keeps up with the times and demand but with an eye on its past. The Doherty recently added a banquet hall and outdoor dining area but had a brick especially made to match the brick in the original 1924 exterior.
The Doherty is also home to a bunch (or is it a tribe, flock, gaggle or herd) of Leprechauns.
Sometime during the Depression, an unknown painter made a deal with the owner or hotel manager to create a painting in the hotel bar in return for a free room. The painting, which is about 70 feet long and approximately three-feet high covers the upper portion of two full walls in the bar/restaurant and depicts the beer making process from harvesting the base materials to the drinking. The brewmasters are the little green creatures—probably used in keeping with the Irish character of the city that was named after County Clare in Ireland.
A.J. Doherty, son of the founder, talks about the painting of the laprechauns during a Depression Era art tour in 2012.
The leprechauns also were silent witnesses to one of the most famous murders in the state when Jack Livingstone shot Isaiah Leebove in cold blood in the restaurant in 1938. The murder is the topic of a new book by Robert Knapp called "Mystery Man, Gangsters, Oil, and Murder in Michigan. Knapp is also the author of a history of the city of Clare, which contains a number of photos of the Doherty.
The Doherty was built by A. J. Doherty, a local businessman and politician that had the best interests of the city in all he did. Even now, the hotel remains in Doherty hands, being run by Dean Doherty, grandson of the founder. Although always popular, the Doherty was used by local businessmen in the first half of the 20th century, not only because of its location and quality, but because it had something few buildings in the area had at the time: a telephone.
For those who want to learn more about the building's history, there is a nice display of documents and newspapers in the main hallway that lead to the hotel's meeting rooms. Visitors are welcome to view the display and also step into the bar and dining area to view the painting. And wish everyone a "Happy Anniversary."
Hotel Doherty as it looks today in
Clare, Michigan
The article below is from the April 11, 1924 edition of The Clare Sentinel
New Hotel Doherty Now Open to Public
CLARE'S NEW $150,00o FIREPROOF HOSTELRY
Front Page of The Clare Sentinel announcing the opening of the new hotel in Clare.
Mr. A. J. Doherty, former State Senator, one time member of the State Board of Agriculture and a former director of the Michigan State Fair, has completed the best hotel in this part of the state and it is now open to the public. The formal opening is the evening of May 12th when the Clare Chamber of Commerce are to give a complimentary banquet to Mr. and Mrs. Doherty, by which the citizens of Clare to show appreciation to one who has done so much for his "own home town."
The banquet will have to be limited to 150 persons and will include some of Mr. and Mrs. Doherty's friends from different parts the state and the members of the Chamber of Commerce of Clare. This is to be one of the most elaborate banquets ever held in this part of the state. No expense will be spared and all the plans are in keeping with this beautiful building which Mr. Doherty has built, not for the financial returns he expects to reap, but rather as a testimonial of his good will toward the community.
Three years ago the Clare Chamber of Commerce purchased the site on which had been located for many years the popular "Calkins House," but which had been destroyed by fire. The consideration was $6,000 and they presented this site to Mr. Doherty with the understanding and agreement that he erect a hotel costing at least $60,000 on that
Mr. Doherty has gone many times beyond that amount and erected a four-story steel, brick and terra cotta structure which is modern in every way and fireproof. An Otis elevator, display rooms for traveling salesmen, complete laundry, billiard room cafeteria, which opened April first, dining room, ballroom, radio, ballroom, radio, mezzanine floor, room for two mercantile establishments and spacious quarters for the public library that have been donated by Mr. Doherty, are among the features housed under one roof.
The equipment throughout the structure are the latest and the best. The lighting fixtures are exceptionally tine. There are 60 guests rooms, each containing hot and cold running water, and several suites. Thirty-six of the single rooms afford either a tub or shower bath. The furniture is walnut and mahogany and blends neatly with the interior's mahogany finish throughout the building. The main floors are of terrazzo. The corridors and the floors of the rooms are of _______and are covered with beautiful rugs. All dishes, towels and linen are stamped with the "Hotel Doherty" monogram. More than 100 guests can be accommodated at one time.
When Mr. and Mrs. Doherty came to Clare from New York State in 1878, they had very little money. He engaged in the mercantile business in rather a small way and purchased a home for which he was to pay $750. Of this amount he was able to pay $250 down and the balance he paid in installments. He succeeded in business and in 1901 he was elected to the State Senate from the 28th district, and in 1903 he was re-elected and again in 1905. Sometime later he was appointed a member of the State Board of Agriculture to succeed C. J. Monroe, of South Haven. He took an active interest in the affairs of the Michigan State Fair while he was a director. In the senate he was known as "Bellwether" Doherty for his possession of great political sagacity and the added fact that he led the senate roll call, considerations which gave him much influence. He has built eight business blocks and many residences in Clare and has stood ready at any time to do anything to advance the best interests of his town. Residents of Clare are free in their assertions that for its size, there is no better hotel in the state.
Dining at the Doherty:
Chicken Dinner 75c Sunday, April 13, 1924
Sliced Tomatoes
California Asparagus Tips on Toast
Apple Pie, Lemon Pie, Plum Pudding
American Cream Cheese
White Cream Bread, Graham Gems
Coffee, Tea, Milk
Categories: Clare County, History, Michigan, Travel and tourism | Tags: 1924, clare, Doherty, Leebove, Leprechauns, Livingstone, michigan | Leave a comment
They Were Tough in Them There Days
Posted on January 28, 2014 by martyjbird
I ran across this article in a copy of The Clare Sentinel that was written sometime around 1894. It's one of those stories that I'd love to know what happened beforehand to spark the incident, and what happened afterward. However, it does show just how tough men were back then. Or maybe just plain lucky.
Saturday evening about 8:30 o' clock, Rosa Smith, an inmate of a dance house at Meredith, deliberately shot Benjamin Villeneuve while he was passing along Main street. She was at once arrested and committed to the county jail. The bullet struck Villeneuve in the mouth and knocked out three teeth but did no further damage otherwise than to scare him and the crowd, but it was probably a love affair.
(Note: The article is posted as it appeared in the newspaper, complete with grammatical errors.)
Categories: Clare County, History, Life, logging, Michigan | Tags: Benjamin Villeneuve, Meredith Michigan | 2 Comments
Posted on December 31, 2013 by martyjbird
The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2013 annual report for this blog that deals (at least for the last year or so) with the history of Clare County, Michigan. It's one of three blogs I have. The others highlight things to see and do in Clare County and my random thoughts. They other two blogs can be reached from the navigation bar in my Clare History Blog. Thanks for reading and commenting on my posts and I look forward to continuing in 2014. All my best for a wonderful and prosperous New Year.
The concert hall at the Sydney Opera House holds 2,700 people. This blog was viewed about 8,600 times in 2013. If it were a concert at Sydney Opera House, it would take about 3 sold-out performances for that many people to see it.
Click here to see the complete report.
Categories: Clare County, Uncategorized | 1 Comment
'Dropped Dead!' (What was the Editor Thinking?)
It's interesting to read old newspapers. You never know what tidbits of information you will find that brings history to life. Even if the article has to do with death.
Take this one that appeared in the front page of the May 2, 1884 issue of The Clare County Press about the death of Rebecca Rulapaugh. I ran across the article while doing some research on another topic, and the headline and subhead made me want to read it.
Dropped Dead!
Sudden Demise of Mrs. Rebecca Rulapaugh at the Dinner Table Tuesday.
In the Best of Health one Minute and the next a Corpse.
Mrs. Rebecca Rulapaugh wife of John Rulapaugh who lives north of Clare, died very suddenly on Tuesday. The family had just taken their seats at the table for their midday meal when the wife and mother fell from her chair to the floor. Her husband immediately went to her assistance and she was placed upon a bed but she expired almost as soon as she was laid down. The deceased had been feeling as well as usual Tuesday morning and she was subject to no trouble that the family knew of. Her sudden death was a great shock to her family and friends. She was 57 years of age and leaves behind a husband and seven children to bear the loss…
When I first read the piece my first reaction was one of laughing at the headline. However, one would expect Rebecca's death would have devastated her husband and the entire family. After all, Rebecca was only 56 and had been in the best of health-or so it appeared. We have no other information on the cause of death but do know that Rebecca was buried in Woods cemetery in Clare County thanks to information posted on "Find a Grave" by someone with the username of twkistle. Her husband John would join her in death two years later at age 64. Whether his wife's death was a factor in John's passing, we do not know.
What did John and the family think when they read that article? Were they horrified at the wording? Or was this just considered the norm a century or more ago. Maybe the Rulapaugh's didn't have the time, money or desire to read the paper, and so never saw the article. This is not the first time I've run across articles that have seemed to sensationalize a death (if, in fact, this is what the editors intended) Yet, I wonder what was the goal of using those headlines and subheads and did they regret their decision later. We will never know. However, is does make me wonder, what were they thinking?
Categories: Clare County, General, History, Home life, Michigan | Tags: clare county, Clare County Press, Rulapaugh, Woods Cemetery | 1 Comment
Social Media in the 19th Century
Posted on December 2, 2013 by martyjbird
Social media is not a recent invention. Twitter, Facebook, and even blogging are just the latest means people have used to spread the word about themselves and learn about their neighbors. (And, of course, there's gossip, a form of social media that has been around forever.)
Newspapers have also been good sources of information. Back in the 30's and 40's Hedda Hopper dished dirt and spread the word on Hollywood celebs. And in rural communities in the days before the telephone made it easy to communicate and the Model T made it easy to get around, no self-respecting newspapers would have been without a column with information on the local community's goings ons. While the content they printed was pretty tame, they did provide a way for people to learn about their neighbors.
Railroad map showing small communities in Clare County, MIch. While Dodge and Mann's Siding appear on the map, Dover does not since it was not on the rail line. Dodge is located approximately where the letter "g" is in Moore's Siding, northeast of Clare. Dodge is also the site of the Clare County Historical Society museum complex.
The Clare Sentinel was one of those newspapers with such a column that ran on a weekly basis. Below is part of one column that shows the news in the communities of Clare communities of Dodge, Dover and Mann Siding. Only Dodge* is still in existence.
While 100 years ago or so, the column provided readers with news, now the column provides us a window into the general life of Clare County inhabitants.
*What is somewhat noteworthy is that the column appeared less than a month after a big fire that struck Dodge and its giant mill and burned for three days. The mill was never rebuilt and eventually, Dodge disappeared from maps until the late 1940's.
The Clare Sentinel
Mr. Joseph Carrow was out of town on business Friday.
Mt. L. M. Shumway was out of town Thursday.
The doctor has been somewhat under the weather the past week.
After a few days absence on business, H. Derail is again in town.
The party at Wm. Bolier's was a pleasant affair. All report a jolly time.
Master Herma Dehart went to Midland Tuesday where he is to spend a portion of his vacation visiting relatives.
Mann's Siding
Boltone and Stillwill were visiting friends and relatives in Mt. Pleasant last week.
Will Davis has moved into his new house. It is hard to tell how long he will live there because he is always on the move.
The quilting bee at Mrs. Boulton's was a success to the letter and all agree in saying they enjoyed themselves.
A heavy snow storm visited this part Friday night.
An uncle of Hiram and Silas Brown is visiting them
Charley Dingman who has been visiting parents and friends for the past three weeks returned to his home in Traverse City .
Miss Laura Walters visited Mrs. Leonard on Friday last.
We think the time that Elder Rogers occupied at the Eagle belonged to the Lord, not to the people.
A great many ladies enter Mrs. L. B. Lyons shop but scarcely none come away without a new hat. Her prices are within the reach of all. Butter and eggs are taken in exchange.
The mill is still running.
Mrs. Wm. Parrish and daughter called on Mrs. L. B. Lyon last Friday.
Harry Beacon has the quinsey. (note: a throat infection)
W. L. Lyons is making a nice improvement to his store.
Geo. Dennis has moved in his new house.
One of Mrs. Donley's children is quite sick.
D. Denno and wife were in Clare Tuesday.
A. N. Whitlock has purchased a span of horses from a man in Farwell.
Mrs. L. B. Lyons was the recipient of a new sewing machine from her father. It is nice to have a kind father.
Categories: Clare County, History, Home life, Michigan | 2 Comments
Michigan Lumber Pikes
Posted on November 14, 2013 by martyjbird
The following article by Fred C. Olds appeared in the July 1953 issue of Railroad Magazine. I thought it was a terrific article, although it does not really break new ground. It also contained a number of photographs that I have not included here for the simple reason that the pages of the magazine, has discolored over the years, as newspaper quality paper tends to, and so would not reproduce well. Instead, I have included photos in the Clare County Historical Society archives.
I did not change the spelling or grammar used in the original article, and that includes any factual errors. Nevertheless, I hope you enjoy Mr. Olds' article and hope that since the magazine is no longer in print that I'm not violating any major copywrite laws.
The racing crests of Michigan's big rivers, with picturesque river hogs riding spring log drives, captured most of the glamour in Michigan's lumbering history. All but forgotten, less colorful but just as vital to the timber industry, was the role played by the logging railroad. Pushing out into isolated forest cuttings, these little iron pikes early in the 20th Century criss-crossed the northern and central interior of lower Michigan into a web-like pattern of rails.
Their existence dependent upon the product they transported, most were doomed from the start for but a brief span of operation. Mileage grew at a furious paces as rails opened new timber areas for the lumberjack harvest, but these little pikes withered almost as quickly on their iron vines when the logs were cut off. There demise was often sudden and without ceremony. Abandonment of the forest road simply meant piling its equipment, including locomotives on flatcars to be carried out over its own creaky rails for service in another sector or for another owner.
How and where did the logging railroad get its start in Michigan?
Records shows that by 1875 loggers had been busily chewing into the state's extensive forests for 40 years. Over this period commercial lumbering interests had steadily whittled their way northward, skirting the shores of Lake Huron and Michigan, penetrating inland along the larger rivers—the Grand, Tittabawasee, Saginaw, Au Sable, Muskegon, Manistee, Chippewa, Pere Marquette and their tributary streams—to strip out the lush stands of cork pine. In those first years, water played the major role as a log hauler. Timber (pine, that is) had to be readily accessible to a suitable stream for flotage or it was practically valueless. It was this lack of water transportation, according to a claim set forth in an old issue of The Northern Lumberman that caused the nation's first logging railroad to be built in Michigan's Clare County in 1876. Its builder was Winfield Scott Gerrish, who owned extensive pine holdings in Clare in the center of Michigan's Lower Peninsula about halfway between the Straits of Mackinac and the Ohio line.
A brief biography of Gerrish, carried in the A History of Northern Michigan, shows that he gave early promise as a timber operator. Born in Maine, where his father Nathaniel was a lumberman, young Gerrish spent his boyhood and early manhood in Croton, Michigan; started driving logs at the age of 18, and when 25 made his first large logging contract. It called for the timber to be banked on Doc & Tom Creek in the southwest part of Clare County in 1874 for flotage to mills in Muskegon via the Muskegon River. Misfortune struck without warning, however. The Doc & Tom shrank to a mere rivulet as the result of a spring drought, and Gerrish's winter cut of logs was left high and dry on the banks.
Gerrish managed to float his cargo to mill by dint of hard work, but he conceded that small streams proved an unsure means of transporting his timber. He obtained an interest in 12,000 acres of pine on the west side of Clare County between the headwaters of the Muskegon River and Lake George, but because of its remoteness (6 to 10 miles) from a good floating stream, not a tree had been cut in this tract. Gerrish was not one to be easily discouraged. The Northwestern Lumberman report noted that he considered pole roads and tramways to transport logs but tried neither method, believing both were impractical. In stead, he found his solution in a most unlikely spot—hundreds of miles away, at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. While on a visit there he saw a small Baldwin-build locomotive displayed in a machinery exhibit. It gave him an idea.
If he couldn't float his logs to the Muskegon River, why not haul them on this first leg of their journey by rail? Figuring it was worth a try, he hurried home and hastily built the Lake George & Muskegon River Railroad, as he called it, which was splashing its valuable timber merchandise into the mighty Muskegon early in 1876. The Northwestern Lumberman account calls this 6-mile pike, running from Lake George northwesterly to the river near the present village of Temple, the nation's and perhaps the world's first logging railroad. Other railroads had penetrated timber areas before that time but conducted a general freight and passenger business. The LG&MR was a strictly a log hauler, and as such is claimed to have been the first of its kind.
Gerrish, Edmund Hazelton and four associates of Hersey, Michigan, were listed as the road's incorporators in a Special Report of the Michigan Railroad Commission. On November 28th, 1881 the railroad was acquired by John L. Woods and on February 18th, 1882 by C. H. Hackley & Co., the last named for a large Muskegon firm which operated it as a forest road until its sale to the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Cadillac Railway (now part of the Ann Arbor Railway) between August 25th and December 20th, 1886. Approximately four miles of the old LG&MR grade now carry Ann Arbor rails between Lake George and Temple.
It's very lonesome country up there, particularly in the winter months. Acres of stumps scare its ridges and valleys, a fading legacy from that long-lost pine kingdom. Paralleling Highway 10 west from Clare for a few miles, the Ann Arbor rails turn northwest to skirt Lake George along its east rim, cutting a thin swath through the brushy second-growth timber and young spruce as it heads toward Temple, Cadillac and its Kale, Michigan terminus at Elberta. Lake George is a bustling resort community in the summer, but the old gray depot has been closed for many years
Gerrish, after completing his logging short line, expanded his lumbering operations until his biographer described him as being at one time probably the world's largest individual logger. It is estimated that his highest individual contribution to the Muskegon River was 130,000,000 feet of timber in 1879. Most of this was carried over his Lake George and Muskegon River Railroad—not a bad tonnage record for a little two-bit logging pike founded only three years before.
His new transportation idea gained quick favor among the state's lumber kings. It ushered in a new era, opening up hitherto unprofitable but heavily timbered pine and hardwood country. It brought an unprecedented boom in Michigan railroad building. Both broad and narrow-gage lines were pushed deeper into backwoods districts to take out timber. For a few years a weird assortment of motive power echoed their whistle tones across the long plains and forested hills. Saddle-tank dinkeys and Shay-geared sidewinders chuffed and clanked over hastily-built rails which meandered around hills and across swamps, their tenders and log cars bearing now all but forgotten titles.
Built for special purpose, log hauling, these railroad accomplished their chore efficiently and without delays. A venture as utilitarian as the lumbermen's favorite axiom, "Cut and get out," no money was wasted on frills, deluxe equipment, or polished roadbed. Swampers would first slash a rough path cross-country from the owner's lumber tract to the nearest river if his logs were to be floated part of their journey by stream, or directly to his own mill, or to a rail junction where they could be transferred to an already established carrier to complete their trip.
Rails followed a path of least resistance, guided by the hastily scraped-up roadbed's serpentine twisting and turning to take advantage of the land's natural contours. Hills and extensive swamps were skirted when possible, to avoid expensive fills and steep grades. To cross a swamp, low log trestles were built to provide the track with a solid bottom instead of using earth fill, timber being cheaper than the cost of moving dirt. Many of Michigan's vacationland hunting and fishing trails still in use today were built over all or part of some timber rail line.
Motive power, based upon modern standards, would be considered mediocre. Locomotives during the early period were bonnet stacks, burned slab wood for fuel, moved after dark to the feeble rays cast by oil headlamps, and hauled primitive four-wheel flatcars whose link-and-pin couplers exposed trainmen to an extra hazard. Lightweight rails, sometimes strap iron screwed to a wood base and set insecurely upon the rough railbed, made the journey into the woods comparable to a sea voyage.
Back in the forests, the trees were chopped down, trimmed of their branches and their trunks cut into suitable lengths. A log then was skidded through the brush by a team of horses or oxen to an opening where a set of big wheels could be driven over it. The log (two of three logs if they were small) would then be lifted and carried to a rail-side decking ground where a jamming crew loaded the log lengths on railroad cars. In winter the big wheels were supplanted by sleighs which carried the big piles of logs to the decking ground.
Loading cars of logs was described by Ferris E. Lewis in the December 1948 issue of Michigan History: "Short wooden pins were first driven into iron brackets on the side of the flatcars to keep the logs from falling off. Hooks, like ice tongs, each one at the end of a steel cable, were placed in the ends of a log. A little team of horses with muscles as hard as knots, at the command of a teamster who drove them without reins, would raise the log and wing it over the flatcar where it would be lowered gently into place. One by one the logs were loaded onto a car. A pyramid pile, placed lengthwise of the car, was thus built at each end. When a car was loaded, it would be moved away and a new one would take its place.
In later years, steam jammers replaced horse power, particularly among the larger operators. These were the conditions and the equipment used along one of the nation's last frontiers to attack the final great stand of pine and hardwood timber remaining in Mich igan as the 19th century came to a close.
Besides increasing production, these railroads revolutionized the industry by making logging a year-around business. Owners found they no longer were dependent upon proper river levels for their log transportation, and cutting could continue around the calendar instead of just during the winter months. Some figures proving this accomplishment are cited in the book Lumber and Forestry Industry of the Northwest, for just three railroads—the Grand Rapids & Indiana, Flint and Pere Marquette, and Manistee & Grand Rapids. Each of these conducted a general freight and passenger business, although primarily engaged in timber hauling during the years cited.
Mills along the Grand Rapids & Indiana (now part of the Pennsylvania Railroad) manufactured 367,000,000 feet of lumber and 404,000,000 shingles in 1886, while the total output along this road, from construction to the first mill in 1865 to 1898, is estimated at 6,000,000,000 feet of lumber. Timber production on the old Flint & Pere Marquette (now part of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway) totaled 5,000,000,000 between 1876 and 1896. The Manistee & Grand Rapids (later renamed the Michigan East & West and eventually abandoned) place 500,000,000 feet of pine and 1,000,000,000 feet of hardwood timber into Manistee sawmills for cutting in 1891. In the Cadillac region up near Grand Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan, it was not uncommon for a pine tree to yield three logs, each of which would reach across car sills set 30 to 33 feet apart.
Another distinction claimed by the Cadillac region in the logging transportation was the invention there of the narrow-gage Shay logging locomotive in 1873 or 1874, by Ephraim Shay. Slow but powerful, the Shay-engine had vertical pistons to operate the driving cranks, working a shaft geered to the motive wheels.
An account carried in The Cadillac Evening News said that Shay developed his locomotive to pull log cars from northwest of Cadillac to his sawmill at Haring. First made in Cadillac, its patents were later sold to the Lima Machine Works in Ohio, which manufactured it for use all over the world.
There is not a logging railroad, operating as such, remaining in the lower peninsula. In fact, their names even escape the memory of all but old timers. Mention the Lake County Railroad and among railroaders you would likely draw only blank looks. Or the Cadillac & Northwestern, Louis Sands' Road, Nesson Lumber Company, Cody & Moore, Bear Lake & Eastern, or the Canfield Road—recalling only a few.
The logging railroad gave rise to few legends. It could not match the glamour attached to sawmill towns which grew and flourished beside tis tracks, nor could it furnish the rough color provided by the swift rivers with their tension-packed spring drives. Its mark upon the timber country, once painted briefly in bold outline, today has virtually disappeared. Traces, of course, can still be found in the old crumbling grades, winding unevenly across grassy plains and ridges pointing toward some distant banking ground. The old names, with some searching, can be found buried in official reports listing rail mergers and abandonment. But that about ends it. That and some faded photos, dim with age, gathering dust in old picture albums.
Categories: Clare County, Harrison, History, logging, Michigan | Tags: clare, clare county, logging, Muskegon River, Railroad Magazine, Winfield Scott Gerrish | Leave a comment
'Anatomy of a Shingle Mill' by Roy Dodge
Posted on September 25, 2013 by martyjbird
Roy Dodge (1918 – 1978) was president of the Clare County (Michigan) Historical Society and an author of a number of books about Michigan, including "Ticket to Hell, A Sage of Michigan's Bad Men" (out of print) and the three-volume "Ghost Towns of Michigan" series. Dodge also wrote a number of articles about
The Old Clare County Courthouse.
Clare County. One of them was called "Anatomy of a Shingle Mill" and its origin goes back to a discovery of some papers when the old Clare County Courthouse in Harrison was torn down in 1968.
The paper is enlightening as to life back in the late 1870s and early 1880s when all of Clare County was booming because of the lumber industry. The paper tells the story of Philip (U.S. Census records show name as Phillip) Cory who came to the area with nothing but an old horse and made his fortune making wooden shingles. Whether he kept it isn't clear in the papers and neither is where his brothers came from who are mentioned. However, these are just minor details to a picture of a county a century ago. I'll let Dodge tell the story from here.
Anatomy of a Shingle Mill 1887 – 93
by Roy L. Dodge (1968)
The story of two brothers who came to northern Michigan to make their fortune during the logging days of the late 1800s came to light when the 85-year old Court House at Harrison, Mich. was torn down in 1965. A box of dusty, yellowed records consisting, of ledgers, contracts, canceled checks and letters, all laboriously written in various colored ink with a goose quill pen, revealed the following story.
Harrison in the late 1880's about the time Phillip Cory lived here. Structures in distance are sawmills around Budd Lake. Photo from the Harrison Public Library collection.
Philip Cory, address unknown, arrived at the company store of George B. Erenkbrook in the hamlet of Avondale, a few miles north of Evart in Osceola county, riding a tired old horse on the morning of Oct. 2, 1887 at the start of the winter logging season. His only possessions were the clothes on his back and his horse, which was of little value.
George Erenkbrook was a man experienced in every phase of the lumbering industry "from the stump up." He was in his middle fifties, almost old enough to be young Cory's father, and had lumbering interest both in lower Michigan and the Upper Peninsula. Erenkbrook was a partner in a shingle and sawmill located In Beechwood, Iron County, Michigan and owned his own mill and store at Avondale.
Cory explained to Erenkbrook that he intended to operate in the area as an independent logger, cutting his own shingle bolts, railroad ties, and any other type of timber in demand on a "piece work" basis.
His problem was that he was short on cash. Apparently he made a good impression on Erenkbrook, for upon leaving he was outfitted to begin his career as a woodsman and private contractor. He carried an invoice in his pocket for which he was billed for the following:
0ne cant hook, toe calks for his boots, files and rivets, two blocks of salt, axes, grub-hoe, swamp hook, neck yoke, sleigh bells, hammer, boring machine, one yoke of oxen, 3 pair wagon tongues, one sleigh, groceries and supplies totaling $36 and the "Diffarance"(sic) on a horse, $40."
Cory worked hard and became a successful "jobber," cutting logs and shingle bolts, which he sold to various mills in Missaukee and Osceola counties. He kept a meticulous record of all his expenditures, both business and personal, his stained and worn booklets disclose. Cory wasn't satisfied with his lot as a common jobber, as later records reveal.
He soon traveled to other areas and began promoting a deal to set up his own mill.
During the next two years, his personal "Tally-book" lists expenditures for such items as one Turkey, strap and pack, $1.25. (Note: turkey was a pack in which lumberjacks carried their personal belongings.) One Rubber coat, $2.95; Shirt and Collar $1; roundtrip to Saginaw, $16.80.
During the month of July 1887, Cory bought a new straw hat for 75 cents; wrote a check for $5; bought another shirt for $1; "paid Mrs. Norman 75 cents for doing washing; and spent 50 cents attending two dances. His earnings for June and July totaled $177.50.
Philip Cory prospered during the winter logging season of 1887-1888. He also traveled extensively negotiating with companies in Saginaw, Grand Rapids and Muskegon for contracts to supply them with shingles and lumber products with intentions of setting up his own mill.
During a six-month period, he purchased a new suit of clothes for $30; tie and coat, $3.50; pair of dress shoes, $2; and made several trips. In Saginaw, he spent $23.50 for train fare, hotel and entertainment. He also made a "Trip north," $54. A shirt, handkerchief and soap cost him $3.60. He spent $1 for medicine, made a trip to Six Lakes, cost $6; and railroad fare to Grand Rapids, $8. Total earning from June to December (1888), $343.82.
By the spring of 1889, Philip Cory had the groundwork laid for the big venture of his lifetime. He again visited Mr. Erenkbrook of Avondale who had outfitted him two years earlier to work in the woods, only this time Cory had a signed contract with the C. C. Follner & Co of Grand Rapids, Michigan to "Purchase the cut of Cory & Co. Shingle Mill at Hamilton Township, Michigan (ClareCounty) from July 1889 until two million are cut."
This contract included specifications for various grades of White Pine and Cedar shingles to be "Well made from good sound timber, evenly jointed and smoothly sawed, free from shaky or rotten wood," and "To be branded at the mill with C. C. Follner & Co. brand." The contract also called for shingles to be piled and under cover, "As fast as cut at Mostettler's Switch near Hatton Station."
Mr. Erenkbrook, apparently pleased with the business acumen displayed by young Cory, put up a sum of money to organize the firm of "Cory Bros. & Co.," with himself as chief stockholder, although his name didn't appear on the first letterheads and invoices that Cory ordered from the printers.
Upon the assurances of Erenkbrook that a substantial sum would be deposited to the Cory Co. account at the L. Saviers Bank in Harrison, Mr. Cory made another trip, this one to Bailey, at that time a booming lumbering town in Muskegon County. There he visited a Mr. Jerome Bitely who had abandoned a steam operated shingle mill near Harrison and had moved to greener pastures.
Cory made an agreement with Bitely whereby he was to take possession of the machinery located in ClareCounty and move it to Dodge City in Hamilton Township. Cory made a deposit on the mill, giving his note due one year from date for a balance of $3,000. His next visit was to the L. J. Calkins's Co., Dealer in Lumberman's Supplies, of Harrison where he purchased the following materials:
10,700 ft. of Mud Sills
1-M posts
1,500 ft. beams
1,300 ft. rafters
4,300 ft. sheathing
2,300 ft. roof boards,
1-M ft. of Engine Board
23 hundred thousand shingles
14 windows
3,500 ft. of timbers for engine bed
2 sets of skylight
1,300 ft.Cedar beams
6 doors at $1.50 each
3,600 ft. flooring
50 barrel water tank
1,200 ft. bridge trusses
$12 for nails
labor for moving and setting up machinery. $500
Total Outlay: $1,134.85
Cory's sawmill might have looked something like the sawmill in this photo from the Harrison Public Library collection.
During the next two years, things went well for the Cory Brothers, Philip, James and David. During the season of 1890, the Cory Mill grossed nearly $4,000 with expenditures of $2,500, which included their own wages as well as that of 50 mill workers and payment to private jobbers. It also included the payment of $12 paid to William H. Bryan of Gladwin, Grant Township. For that amount, Bryan agreed to sell to Cory Bros. all the Basswood, Ash, Oak, Hemlock and Pine lumber on lying, standing or being on a certain designated forty acres. "Said Wm. H. Bryan agrees to except (sic) and does hereby except (sic) $12 paid to him in hand today at Cory Bros. store for all the above described timber," signed and dated March 8, 1889. (Note: Above document executed with red pencil on a jagged scrap of tablet paper.)
An idea of the cost of living during the years 1887 – 92 is shown in bills rendered to the company during this period. Some examples are as follows: Felts and rubbers (favorite footware of lumbermen), $3.50; shirts and drawers, $2.50; Pisas Cough Syrup, 10 cents per bottle; whiskey, 50 cents a pint. The blacksmith charged $1.20 for shoeing horses. Overalls were 75 cents a pair.
Horses brought premium prices and were considered more important than men. Cheap labor was plentiful while horses were scarce. Good teams ranged from $400 to $675 a span. A pair of calked drive shoes (for the front feet) cost $3 installed. An entry of Feb. 1889, reveals that one man and his wagon team were paid only $24 for eight days work. Wagons sold for $30. A set of heavy work harness for $12.
Misfortune struck the Cory mill on May 10, 1891 when it burned down to the ground. They were sued for unpaid bills, notes due and overdrawn checking accounts of banking accounts on banks in Grand Rapids, bay City and East Saginaw.
Mr. Erenkbrook of Avondale sold his interests there and moved to Beechwood, near Iron Mountain in the U. P. From there he wrote letters to friends asking them to keep tabs on the movements of the Cory brothers. He hired Henry Hart, a Midland attorney, to list their debts and assets and with a court order in an attempt to recover his interest in the enterprise.
Jerome Bitely of Bailey, Michigan, demanded, in no uncertain terms evidenced in a three-page letter with no punctuation marks, that he was about to attach the land upon which the burned out mill was located to satisfy the balance owed him for the original machinery. His letter read in part: "if you and Company had don as you ought it would have pade for it selfs several times over before this time…"
In the final accounting by attorney Hart, it was determined that the company's assets amounted to nearly $12,000. This included $2,000 owed by the C. C. Follmer & Co. of Grand Rapids for singles and lumber ready for shipment on Mostettler's Siding several miles from the burned out mill. Another $2,000 was owed to the company store. Other assets were horses, wagons and machinery not burned. A balance of $4,965.80 was left after debts to be divided between owners and debtors.
Mr. Bitely wrote his bill for machinery off as profit and loss. Cory hired A. W. Scoville, Attorney at Law, of Marion, Mich. to collect bills due him from the firm of Desmond Brothers of that town. Erenkbrook was forced to pay a $500 note due to C. H. Rose of Evart. Philip Cory, the former protégé of Erenkbrook, was allegedly overdrawn nearly $2,000 on various bank accounts where the firm conducted their business.
In a final letter postmarked Creston, Iowa, May 11, 1893 to Mr. P. Cory, Harrison, Mich. the firm of Maxwell & Winters , Lawyers, notified him that "On this day we have sent a draft for $436.30 to your attorney, Wm. H. Brown, drawn on Anchor Insurance Co. for your loss incurred when your shingle mill burned."
Cory then rebuilt the mill and operated under the name of Cory & Hudson-Dealer in Shingles and Pine Lumber, Dodge City, Michigan.
There are some related incidents connected with the Cory Shingle Mill lawsuit, that although not proven definitely, court records and evidence point toward the following facts:
On or about the same date as the lawsuit, Mr. Mostettler who owned the storage sheds and the railroad siding where the Cory mill output was stored, committed suicide. Old timers in the Harrison area tell different stories of the incident, including Mr. Mostettler having had an affair with another woman, whereupon his wife shot him. But Mrs. Winifred Coveart, now 75, of Clare, Michigan, who lived at Dodge, said that Mr. Mostettler lost all of his money or was "tricked" out of it by some businessmen. He became despondent and one morning while his wife was out pumping a pail of water she heard a gun shot, ran in the house, and Mostettler laid on the bed, fully clothed and had shot himself in the head with a shotgun. Mostettler Rd., at the south city limits of Harrison, running east and west, was named after the above Mr. Mostettler.
Philip Cory refers in his notes and accounts that certain items were purchased for "Mother." Apparently he was not married. However, in Clare county marriage records, a David E. Cory (one of his brothers) married Foslenia Hall on Sept. 18, 1889 at Coleman, Mich.
Editor's Note: According to 1880 census records, Phillip (or Philip) Cory was born in 1852 in Ohio. That means he was about 30 when he came to Clare County. His father was Wyman Cory, born in England and mother was Sarah Kiger, born in Virginia. Philip married a woman named Ettie D. (although census records show a total of three different women as his wife over the decades) and had six children living in his home in 1900. in that year, Cory and his family had moved to Mansfield, Michigan in the Upper Peninsula, near the Wisconsin border. His children at the time were shown as: William, 18, John 16, Claude 13, James P. 11, Olga 5, Clare 4.
By 1910, he and his family had moved to Skagit, Washington. Phillip died July 22, 1919 at the age of approximately 67 years, and is buried near there.
In all the records, Cory described himself as a shingle manufacturer so it's probable the family moved to follow the lumber industry and moved on once the lumber played out.
Categories: Clare County, Economy, Harrison, History, logging | Tags: clare, Claude Cory, Harrison, Olga Cory, Philip Cory, Phillip Cory, Roy Dodge, Skagit, Washington, William Cory | 2 Comments


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Sun Rise, 5×8″, watercolor on Paper, Sold: October 29th, 2017. Chad Randel, Dennisville, NJ.
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