Home > Economics help blog > economics > Should the government intervene in the economy?
Should the government intervene in the economy?
One of the main issues in economics is the extent to which the government should intervene in the economy. Free market economists argue that government intervention should be strictly limited as government intervention tends to cause an inefficient allocation of resources. However, others argue there is a strong case for government intervention in different fields, such as externalities, public goods and monopoly power.
This is a summary of whether should the government intervene in the economy.
Greater equality – redistribute income and wealth to improve equality of opportunity and equality of outcome.
Market failure – Markets fail to take into account externalities and are likely to under-produce public/merit goods. For example, governments can subsidise or provide goods with positive externalities.
Macroeconomic intervention. – intervention to overcome prolonged recessions and reduce unemployment.
Governments liable to make the wrong decisions – influenced by political pressure groups, they spend on inefficient projects which lead to an inefficient outcome.
Personal freedom. Government intervention is taking away individuals decision on how to spend and act. Economic intervention takes some personal freedom away.
The market is most efficient at deciding how and when to produce.
In a free market, there tends to be inequality in income, wealth and opportunity. Private charity tends to be partial. Government intervention is necessary to redistribute income within society.
Diminishing marginal returns to income. The law of diminishing returns states that as income increases, there is a diminishing marginal utility. If you have an income of £2 million a year. An increase in income to £2.5 million gives only a marginal increase in happiness/utility. For example, your third sports car gives only a small increase in total utility.
However, if you are unemployed, and surviving on £50 a week. A 10% increase in income gives a substantial boost in living standards and quality of life. Therefore, redistributing income can lead to a net welfare gain for society. Therefore income redistribution can be justified from a utilitarian perspective.
Fairness. In a free market, inequality can be created, not through ability and handwork, but privilege and monopoly power. Without government intervention, firms can exploit monopoly power to pay low wages to workers and charge high prices to consumers. Without government intervention, we are liable to see the growth of monopoly power. Government intervention can regulate monopolies and promote competition. Therefore government intervention can promote greater equality of income, which is perceived as fairer.
Inherited wealth. Often the argument is made that people should be able to keep the rewards of their hard work. But, if wealth and income and opportunity depend on being born into the right family, is that justified? A wealth tax can reduce the wealth of the richest, and this revenue can be used to spend on education for those who are born in poor circumstances.
Rawls social contract. Rawls' social contract stated that the ideal society is one where you would be happy to be born in any situation, not knowing where you would end up. Using this social contract, most people would not choose to be born in a free market because the rewards are concentrated in the hands of a small minority of the population. If people had no idea where they would be born, they would be more likely to choose a society with a degree of government intervention and redistribution.
2. Merit goods / Positive externalities. Goods like education and health care are not strictly public goods (though they are often referred to as public goods). In a free market, provision tends to be patchy and unequal. Universal education provided by the government ensures that, in theory, everyone can gain an education, which has a strong social benefit.
3. Negative externalities. The free market does not provide the most socially efficient outcome, if there are externalities in consumption and production. For example, a profit maximising firm will ignore the external costs of pollution through burning coal. This leads to a decline in social welfare. By contrast, other forms of energy production, like solar power, are environmentally friendly and have a positive externality. By taxing production which causes pollution costs and using the subsidy to encourage other forms of energy production, there is a net gain in social welfare.
4. Regulation of monopoly power. In a free market, firms may gain monopoly power; this enables them to set higher prices for consumers. Government regulation of monopoly can lead to lower prices and greater economic efficiency.
Should governments save declining industries?
Yes. If large industries go out of business, there will be high regional unemployment and market failure from the difficulty in finding new jobs.
No. If the government prop up declining industries, they will be saddled with high costs and a permanently unprofitable industry.
See more at: Solutions to declining industries.
In recessions, there is a sharp fall in private sector spending and investment, leading to lower economic growth. If the government also reduce spending at the same time, there is an even bigger fall in economic growth and collapse in confidence. In a deep recession, governments can borrow from the private sector and spend the money to employ unemployed resources. If there is a collapse in the money supply, there may be a role for the Central bank or Government to print money.
Similarly, the government may need to prevent an economic boom and explosion of credit. Keynesian economists argue that the government can positively influence the economy through fiscal policy. Monetarists believe monetary policy can help encourage economic stability, though an independent Central Bank may not be considered government intervention.
When governments spend on public goods and merit goods, they may create excess bureaucracy and inefficiency.
State owned industries tend to lack any profit incentive and so tend to be run inefficiently. Privatising state owned industries can lead to substantial efficiency savings.
Politicians don't have the same market discipline of seeking to maximise the use of limited resources.
Government intervention causes more problems than it solves. For example, state support of industries may encourage the survival of inefficient firms. If governments bailout banks, it may create moral hazard where in the future banks have less incentive to avoid bankruptcy because they expect a government bailout.
Real business cycle theorists argue that at best government intervention makes no difference to the length of a recession, but may just create additional problems, such as the accumulation of public sector debt.
This entry was posted in economics and tagged governments. Bookmark the permalink.
In addition to your post I was wondering, Do you think Romney will bailout and encourage his wall street backers like Obama?
Do you believe that Romney will use the governing administration to intervene in the financial system like Obama?
Do you think Romney will pay big like Obama, what authentic cuts is he talking about?
Do you presume the architect of Obamacare will perform to get rid of it?
Do you consider he will keep our troops engaged?
Do you consider he will do whatever to reign in the Federal Reserve?
How accurately will Romney be ANY diverse from Obama?
yes it should because it reduces monopoly which tends to exploit the masses.
Money is not an object of nature, therefore money must be false, abundant, and free at its source, which is the central bank. You cannot create anything that is real or true by using something false like money. Therefore, no matter how you look at the economy, this economy (CBE or the central bank economy) will be always wrong or false.


text:
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    // AR.Drone class
    ARDrone ardrone;

    // Initialize
    if (!ardrone.open()) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize." << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // Images
    cv::Mat frame = ardrone.getImage();

    // Open XML file
    std::string filename("camera.xml");
    cv::FileStorage fs(filename, cv::FileStorage::READ);

    // Not found
    if (!fs.isOpened()) {
        // Image buffer
        std::vector<cv::Mat> images;
        std::cout << "Press Space key to capture an image" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Press Esc to exit" << std::endl;

        // Calibration loop
        while (1) {
            // Key iput
            int key = cv::waitKey(1);
            if (key == 0x1b) break;

            // Get an image
            frame = ardrone.getImage();

            // Convert to grayscale
            cv::Mat gray;
            cv::cvtColor(frame, gray, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

            // Detect a chessboard
            cv::Size size(PAT_COLS, PAT_ROWS);
            std::vector<cv::Point2f> corners;
            bool found = cv::findChessboardCorners(gray, size, corners, cv::CALIB_CB_ADAPTIVE_THRESH | cv::CALIB_CB_NORMALIZE_IMAGE | cv::CALIB_CB_FAST_CHECK);

            // Chessboard detected
            if (found) {
                // Draw it
                cv::drawChessboardCorners(frame, size, corners, found);

                // Space key was pressed
                if (key == ' ') {
                    // Add to buffer
                    images.push_back(gray);
                }
            }

            // Show the image
            std::ostringstream stream;
            stream << "Captured " << images.size() << " image(s).";
            cv::putText(frame, stream.str(), cv::Point(10, 20), cv::FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1, cv::LINE_AA);
            cv::imshow("Camera Calibration", frame);
        }

        // We have enough samples
        if (images.size() > 4) {
            cv::Size size(PAT_COLS, PAT_ROWS);
            std::vector< std::vector<cv::Point2f> > corners2D;
            std::vector< std::vector<cv::Point3f> > corners3D;

            for (size_t i = 0; i < images.size(); i++) {
                // Detect a chessboard
                std::vector<cv::Point2f> tmp_corners2D;
                bool found = cv::findChessboardCorners(images[i], size, tmp_corners2D);

                // Chessboard detected
                if (found) {
                    // Convert the corners to sub-pixel
                    cv::cornerSubPix(images[i], tmp_corners2D, cvSize(11, 11), cvSize(-1, -1), cv::TermCriteria(cv::TermCriteria::EPS | cv::TermCriteria::COUNT, 30, 0.1));
                    corners2D.push_back(tmp_corners2D);

                    // Set the 3D position of patterns
                    const float squareSize = CHESS_SIZE;
                    std::vector<cv::Point3f> tmp_corners3D;
                    for (int j = 0; j < size.height; j++) {
                        for (int k = 0; k < size.width; k++) {
                            tmp_corners3D.push_back(cv::Point3f((float)(k*squareSize), (float)(j*squareSize), 0.0));
                        }
                    }
                    corners3D.push_back(tmp_corners3D);
                }
            }

            // Estimate camera parameters
            cv::Mat cameraMatrix, distCoeffs;
            std::vector<cv::Mat> rvec, tvec;
            cv::calibrateCamera(corners3D, corners2D, images[0].size(), cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, rvec, tvec);
            std::cout << cameraMatrix << std::endl;
            std::cout << distCoeffs << std::endl;

            // Save them
            cv::FileStorage tmp(filename, cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
            tmp << "intrinsic" << cameraMatrix;
            tmp << "distortion" << distCoeffs;
            tmp.release();

            // Reload
            fs.open(filename, cv::FileStorage::READ);
        }

        // Destroy windows
        cv::destroyAllWindows();
    }

    // Load camera parameters
    cv::Mat cameraMatrix, distCoeffs;
    fs["intrinsic"] >> cameraMatrix;
    fs["distortion"] >> distCoeffs;

    // Create undistort map
    cv::Mat mapx, mapy;
    cv::initUndistortRectifyMap(cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, cv::Mat(), cameraMatrix, frame.size(), CV_32FC1, mapx, mapy);

    // Main loop
    while (1) {
        // Key input
        int key = cv::waitKey(33);
        if (key == 0x1b) break;

        // Get an image
        cv::Mat image_raw = ardrone.getImage();

        // Undistort
        cv::Mat image;
        cv::remap(image_raw, image, mapx, mapy, cv::INTER_LINEAR);

        // Display the image
        cv::imshow("camera", image);
    }

    // See you
    ardrone.close();

    return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Are you looking for a reliable, high-quality auto mechanic service in and around Perth? We are simply a phone call away when you want to contact us.
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To help minimise the need for you calling our mobile car service Perth, here are some helpful tips on how to better care for your vehicle.
If you're looking for better fuel economy, it pays to know about fuel types. Most cars will run on any kind. If you want to know the best choice, that requires a bit more thought.
The types of fuel are E10, 91, 95, 98, and 85. The numbers refer to the "research octane number," which determines how much heat the fuel can take before it starts up the engine. You want to avoid this because pre-ignition can cause engine damage.
You want to use a fuel type that has an equal or higher RON than what the manufacturer recommends. This way, you avoid pre-ignition and the damage that it may cause. It also improves fuel economy.
If you are detailing your car, wash by hand.
When buying a used car, be sure to ask about any previous incidents. A test drive might reveal problems, but it might not show everything either. Have a car mechanic Perth inspect it. Be informed of any repairs, replacements, or restorations that the vehicle has been put through.
When shopping for a liquid to clean your car with, find something as pH neutral as possible. If it is too acidic or too alkaline, it may cause damage.
Another thing to remember when cleaning is to avoid using car shampoo and wax all-in-one products. Yes, they may save time. Yes, some of them are not that bad. However, you won't get as much protection or shine as with dedicated products.
Change your engine oil regularly. It lubricates parts, keeps the engine cool, and prevents corrosion. More than once, our mobile car service Perth has encountered breakdowns caused by poor engine oil. You might want to do the same for other car fluids, like transmission fluid.
A mechanic is one such service that requires no introduction. It's a common requirement in our lives to look after our cars. So why not use a mechanic you can trust. One who will look after your car as their own, and have it running beautifully.


At present the Automatic Fertigation Equipment is used in almost all crops, these being essential in hydroponic crops.
The AFE in addition to allowing the scheduling of irrigation, allow the injection and metering of fertilizers proportionally and evenly. In hydroponic crops the activation of irrigation is usually carried out on demand, so that the regulation of frequency and dose of irrigation depends on external factors such as solar radiation, evaporation and / or ambient temperature.
There is a wide range of AFE on the market, although they all have something in common and it is the use of EC and pH probes to measure and regulate the dosage of fertilizers in irrigation water. There are equipments that besides these sensors can realize the dosage according to the flow of the installation or even by time.
By the injection system used: Venturi or metering pump.
Injection form: Direct injection in bypass, direct injection online or with mixing tank.
For the way to control the dosage: System A + B (from 2 tanks of fertilizers) or multi-tank (from 3 to 8 tanks fertilizers).
This last aspect, is an important differentiating element between the AFE used in the north of Europe and the employees in Spain.
In the system A + B two tanks are used in which different compatible fertilizers have previously been diluted. In this system the balance between fertilizers is made in the tank itself and the equipment is limited to inject both tanks in the same proportion. Therefore, it requires qualified personnel to refill the tanks. The system is ideal to work with monoculture and always guarantees a balanced injection, since the level of both tanks is always the same.
In the multi-tank system, 4-5 tanks are generally used, in which each tank only contains one type of fertilizer, or sometimes 2 fertilizers, but always in the same water / fertilizer ratio, AFE being in charge of making the balance between fertilizers. This system requires an operator to keep the tanks filled and a technician to design the "recipe" for the nutrient solution. This system requires greater control in the dosage of each injector because the tanks are not emptied equally. The system is ideal to work with different crops or different phenological phases of the same crop. It also allows quick performances, since you can change the recipe from one irrigation to another.


text:
As Camry gets redesigned, reign as top US car is in jeopardy
DETROIT (AP) — America's favorite car is under attack. The Toyota Camry has been the nation's top-selling vehicle for 15 years, if you exclude pickup trucks. Now it's in danger of losing its crown, a potential victim of the SUV craze. And even a much-anticipated revamp unveiled Monday at the...
By Tom Krisher - AP Auto Writer - Associated Press
DETROIT (AP) — America's favorite car is under attack.
The Toyota Camry has been the nation's top-selling vehicle for 15 years, if you exclude pickup trucks. Now it's in danger of losing its crown, a potential victim of the SUV craze. And even a much-anticipated revamp unveiled Monday at the Detroit auto show may not be enough to keep the competition at bay.
Toyota's own RAV4 small SUV and Honda's CR-V have racked up impressive sales gains as buyers shift away from passenger cars toward the higher-sitting and more versatile SUVs. The CR-V, for instance, outsold the Camry an uncharacteristic five months last year.
The Camry, last reworked four years ago, has made a living by being a solidly reliable if dull ride for people who simply want to get from place to place. It's not much fun to drive, and in the past some analysts compared its looks to an appliance. Although styling has improved, it's still square-looking when compared to competitors such as the Honda Accord or Chevrolet Malibu.
Toyota says it increased the distance between the wheels on the new version by 2 inches and lowered the hood and roof height. The result is a lower center of gravity and a wider look that the company calls "beautiful and futuristic." Toyota describes the new interior as cockpit-like.
The revamped Camry gets two all-new engines, a 3.5-liter V6 and a 2.5-liter four, both paired with a new eight-speed automatic transmission. There's also a gas-electric hybrid version.
All 2018 Camrys come standard with a suite of safety systems that includes automatic emergency braking.
Horsepower, gas mileage and price weren't released. The new Kentucky-built Camry will be available late in the summer.
Dealers have been promised game-changing updates before, such as with the 2013 model year. But Toyota executives conceded they didn't want too much change, fearing that they'd alienate loyal Camry buyers.
Toyota North American CEO Jim Lentz said the last generation Camry was on older underpinnings and there was little the company could do to improve its ride and handling. But the 2018 version has an all-new architecture and is longer, wider and more rigid than the old one. "The ability to now have a true driving enjoyment type car is there," Lentz said. "It's for real. Trust me."
Toyota also showed off a new version of its NASCAR racing Camry with appearances by drivers Kyle Busch and Denny Hamlin.
But the crisper handling and sportier looks may not help the Camry much in the face of a seismic consumer shift to SUVs.
Five years ago, midsize cars made up 15.8 percent of U.S. auto sales, says Tom Libby, an industry analyst with IHS Markit. This year the market share fell more than three percentage points to 12.5. During the same five years, small SUVs rose from 12.7 percent of U.S. sales to 18.7 percent, Libby says.
A Camry with nicer styling, improved engines and reduced weight for better fuel economy will help, but Libby sees no sign of the trend away from cars changing. "That's all they can do," he says of Toyota, adding that the company must be prepared should the market shift back, perhaps if gas prices shoot higher.
The midsize car market is still huge, Libby says. Although sales fell more than 8 percent last year, Americans still bought over 3.2 million of them. Toyota sold more than 400,000 Camrys annually from 2012 to 2015, but sales dropped 9.5 percent to about 389,000 last year, according to Ward's Automotive. By comparison sales of the RAV4 rose almost 12 percent in 2016 to 352,000, while Honda's CR-V posted a 3 percent gain to just over 357,000. If Camry sales this year fall by the same amount as 2016, and the CR-V and RAV4 grow even slightly, both will pass the Camry.
Michael Kranjec, sales manager at Adams Toyota in Lee's Summit, Missouri, near Kansas City, says that in the past, Toyota has discounted the Camry to keep it No. 1. But with the market shift, he doubts that will be enough in the future.
Still, he hopes Toyota will set the Camry apart from competitors, which he says all look alike. "I'm hoping it's waking up some of the designers," he said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Corporation House Limited was set up on Monday the 15th of August 2005. Their current partial address is Dublin 2, and the company status is Dissolved with the company closing on Wednesday the 6th of February 2019. The company's current director has been the director of 0 other Irish companies. Corporation House Limited has 1 shareholder. This Irish company shares its Eircode with at least 22 other companies.


text:
Centred TM 1627 4415 (13m by 1m)
DITCH (IPS: Middle Saxon - 750 AD to 825 AD)
0659 was 13.5m long, 50-80cm wide, and 10-20cm deep with nine post holes recorded along its length. Three were within it (0676 and two not numbered), three along its south edge (0727, cutting earlier post hole 0675, and 0660) and three along its north edge (0678-0680). In section, it appears to have at least two phases, with a later fill apparently sealing earlier, deeper interventions.
It was roughly parallel to and 5m north of linear feature 0253. Its east end had been truncated by at least three phases of intercutting MS pits. These two facts imply that it is early in the MS sequence and probably contemporary with linear feature 0253. A single sceat (0008/5203N) from the fill was deposited c.740-60 and provides the terminus post quem for the phase dating, (S1).


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text:
fundraiser Oct 13, 2021
Free and Virtual: Celebrate the Redwoods From Home
"Take Me to the Trees," an hour-long online happening, will include tree trivia, auctions, and the chance to fête the forest from afar.
Lynwood Jun 9, 2021
Street Vendor Selling Corn and Raspados Attacked by Four Women in Lynwood
A street vendor who was selling corn and raspados was brutally attacked by four women on the corner of Oakwood Avenue and State Street in Lynwood, close to Plaza México.
fundraiser Mar 19, 2021
Legendary John Oates to Perform a Concert With Meaning
Man Eater, Make My Dreams, Private Eyes…the hit list goes on and on for John Oates. Now, he's reviving his music in an upcoming virtual concert and songwriting festival that will generate awareness for food insecurity. In partnership with Feeding America, see Oates in concert on March 20th. Visit nugs.tv to help those in need.
Children's Hospital LA March Fundraiser
Want to make a difference in the lives of sick and critically injured children? Every year Children's Hospital Los Angeles hosts a month-long fundraiser called 'Make March Matter' to raise donations to help provide kids in need with the highest quality care. Kim heads to Board & Brush Creative Studio in Santa Monica—one of the many local businesses participating in...
fundraiser Dec 9, 2020
Stars Join Cyndi Lauper's Benefit Concert for Homeless Youth
Taylor Swift, Cher, Billie Eilish, LL Cool J and Dolly Parton are adding their voices to Cyndi Lauper's annual concert to combat youth homelessness, an issue its organizer says has only gotten worse during the pandemic
fundraiser Nov 17, 2020
A Virtual Concert Will Help Fire Relief at the California State Parks
Over a dozen artists, all with Golden State connection and cred, will perform virtually to raise money for the parks' wildfire relief efforts.
fundraiser Nov 3, 2020
Running Wild to Whitney
The virtual race is on, and its goal is so good-hearted: Raise money for Sequoia Parks Conservancy.
wildfires Sep 3, 2020
Wildfire Evacuee Launches Santa Cruz Mountains Strong Fundraiser
Some wildfire evacuees in the Santa Cruz Mountains are starting to go back home while others are learning there's nothing to go home to. One evacuee decided he could help.
Global Citizen Jun 28, 2020
World Leaders, Stars Raise $7 Billion at Event Aimed at Fighting Virus
A summit that included a star-studded virtual concert hosted by Dwayne Johnson has raised nearly $7 billion in cash and loan guarantees to assist the poor around the globe whose lives have been upended by the coronavirus pandemic.
coronavirus Jun 26, 2020
Father-Daughter Duo Striving to Raise $10K With Celeb Zoom Parties Hit $5 Million Mark
Richard Weitz, Hollywood agent and partner with WME, and his daughter Demi started "Quarantunes" shortly after LA went into quarantine, welcoming legendary artists who perform from their living rooms. The duo's weekly Zoom parties aimed to initially raise $10,000, but it has quickly grown way beyond that goal. Every week surprise guests perform from their living rooms as about 400…
fundraiser Jun 6, 2020
Stars Support Children's Hospital Orange County
Danielle Nottingham zooms with some of the stars of "Once Upon a Time" who are raising money for Children's Hospital Orange County. One lucky fan will win a virtual reunion with Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, Emilie de Ravin, Rebecca Mader, Andrew J. West, Sean Maguire, Dania Ramirez, and Raphael Sbarge.
takeout tuesday Jun 2, 2020
Takeout for Good: Local Restaurants Participate in Food Bank Fundraiser
Dozens of restaurants across the Bay Area are participating in a nationwide fundraiser Tuesday that will provide meals to local food banks.
comedy festival May 8, 2020
Byron Allen Looks Ahead To His 'Feeding America Comedy Festival'
Eddie Murphy and Chris Rock are among the star-studded comedians who are taking part in the Feeding America Comedy Festival on NBC Sunday May 10. Entertainment Studios Chairman and CEO Byron Allen talks to Danielle Nottingham about putting the special together and reminds us that laughter is sometimes the best medicine.
The Office Apr 27, 2020
Win A Digital Coffee Date With 'The Office'!
Jan, Oscar, Meredith, and Creed are back! Danielle Nottingham had some laughs with some of the cast members of 'The Office'. They're raising money for Variety Boys & Girls Club and one lucky winner gets a digital coffee date.
coronavirus Mar 20, 2020
Steph, Ayesha Curry Start Fundraiser to Fight Hunger Amid Coronavirus
Steph and Ayesha Curry continue to help those impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. Their latest contribution is launching a fundraiser on Facebook for Feeding America.
fundraiser Apr 15, 2020
POSTPONED: East Bay SPCA's Growl, Meow & Wine
Growl, Meow & Wine is the East Bay SPCA's annual signature fundraising event. It is a fun, informal celebration of our mission and recent achievements and the many donors, partners and friends that make it possible for us to continue helping animals and people in our community. Guests are invited to tour our Oakland facility and meet some of...
SoulCycle CEO Melanie Whelan Resigns
Melanie Whelan is resigning from her position as chief executive officer of SoulCycle, effective Tuesday, the company told CNBC Make It. Both sides felt it was time for a leadership transition, according to a person briefed on the decision who asked not to be named because those discussions were private. A spokesperson for SoulCycle declined to comment on the impetus...
San Jose Nov 23, 2019
Cesar Chavez Mural Returning to San Jose School
A South Bay school says it's ready to take the fight to vandals who have defaced a mural of civil rights leader Cesar Chavez at Lowell Elementary in San Jose.
NBC Nov 13, 2019
Senior Trump Official Embellished Résumé, Had Face on Fake Time Cover
A senior Trump administration official has embellished her résumé with misleading claims about her professional background — even creating a fake Time magazine cover with her face on it — raising questions about her qualifications to hold a top position at the State Department, according to NBC News. An NBC News investigation found that Mina Chang, the deputy assistant secretary...
Veterans Day Parade Honors Petaluma Vets
One of the largest Veterans Day parades where locals gather to celebrate Veterans in their community is in Petaluma. See it on California Live Monday, Nov. 11, 2019.


text:
Q: ReactJS Ref: undefined error getting input element value In the following code I am setting up a ref on the <input/> element which is used during the <form> element's onSubmit handler.
For some reason I am getting the following error when submitting the form:

TypeError: Cannot read property 'value' of undefined

How can I prevent this error?
import React from "react";

class AddItemForm extends React.Component {

  nameRef = React.createRef();

  createItem = event => {

    event.preventDefault();

    const item = {
      name: this.nameRef.value.value,
    };
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form className="item-edit" onSubmit={this.createItem}>
        <input name="name" ref={this.nameRef} type="text" placeholder="Name" />
        <button type="submit">+ Add Item</button>
      </form>
    );
  }
}

export default AddItemForm;

A: You need to replace the first value with current seeing that the ref object provides access to the underlying DOM element via that field.
The following should resolve your problem:
createItem = event => {
    event.preventDefault();
    const item = {
       name: this.nameRef.current.value,      // Replace value with current
    };
    console.log(item);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Based in Hereford, Broadfix are the UK's leading manufacturer of plastic shims for construction. Twelve months ago Broadfix were facing rising manufacturing costs, high inventory, and five pages of back orders. It seemed that the only way out of the problem was to invest in more injection moulding machines and perhaps larger premises.
The Senior Managers of Broadfix, Richard Jenner and Clive Haughton, did not know what to expect when they attended a free "Lean for Small and Medium Enterprise" workshop presented by TXM in 2017. However they were inspired by this event and saw a possible pathway out of the business challenges they faced. They therefore asked TXM UK Senior Consultant Lee Candy to visit their site and conduct an initial review. Lee saw huge potential in the Broadfix operation and the resulting Lean deployment has delivered some spectacular results. In fact, Broadfix's investment in TXM services was fully paid back in six weeks through reductions in agency labour. On top of that Broadfix have seen a 25% reduction in inventory and their backorders have fallen by 80%. As well, the business is easily keeping up with demand with their existing injection moulding machines due to lower downtime and faster changeovers and has created space in the factory to keep growing.
Learn what Richard Jenner has to say about the experience of working with TXM in this, our first Lean Case Study Video to be shot in the UK.


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
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#### Original name
Isariopsis stellariae Trail

### Remarks
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text:
Daniel Holt ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Daniel Holt (Radsportler) (* 1981), US-amerikanischer Radrennfahrer
 Daniel Holt (Schwimmer) (* 1992), neuseeländischer Schwimmer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
**Where did the GitHub Issues go?** Due to a bit of neglect on my part and an abundance of support questions coming to this repository as GitHub issues I have taken the decision to close all issues. I don't have time to go through each issue individually. If your issue has been closed and it's not a support request and you still think it is relevant, please comment and I'll review.

**Future plans** I'm hoping to do a bit more work on Staytus soon. One of the main things I want to achieve will be to provide Staytus as a container rather than requiring people to install it manually on servers which seems to be cause of a number of issues. Once this is complete, I'll update all docs to make it clear now to deploy Staytus either using Docker or onto a Kubernetes cluster if that's what you prefer.

# Staytus

Staytus is a complete solution for publishing the latest information about
any issues with your web applications, networks or services. Along with
absolutely beautiful public & admin interfaces, Staytus is a powerful tool for
any organization with customers that rely on them to be online 24/7.

* [Check out the live demo](http://demo.staytus.co)
* [Read the roadmap](https://github.com/adamcooke/staytus/blob/master/ROADMAP.md)
* [Report a bug](https://github.com/adamcooke/staytus/issues/new?labels=bug)
* [Ask a question](https://github.com/adamcooke/staytus/issues/new?labels=question)
* [Installation tutorial](https://atech.blog/atech/install-staytus-tutorial)
* **[Donate to fund continued development](http://monzo.me/adamcooke)**

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/iOzvtk.png)

## Installation from source

### System Requirements

* Ruby 2.3 or greater (including `ruby-dev` package on Linux)
* RubyGems and Bundler
* A MySQL database server
* Bundler (`gem install bundler`)
* Rake (`gem install rake`)
* Procodile (`gem install procodile`)

### Installation Instructions

**A comprehensive tutorial about how to install Staytus [available here](https://atech.blog/atech/install-staytus-tutorial) on the [aTech Media blog](https://atech.blog).**

Alternativly, these basic instructions will get you up and running:

Before start, you'll need to create a new MySQL database:

```text
mysql$ CREATE DATABASE `staytus` CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
mysql$ GRANT ALL ON staytus.* TO `staytus`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY "a_secure_password";
```

```text
$ git clone https://github.com/adamcooke/staytus
$ cd staytus
$ git checkout stable
$ bundle install --deployment --without development:test
$ cp config/database.example.yml config/database.yml
$ nano -w config/database.yml # Add your database configuration
$ bundle exec rake staytus:build staytus:install
$ procodile start --foreground
```

In case the `bundle install` command fails at `mysql2`, make sure that you have the MySQL development package (ie. `mysql` on macOS, `libmariadb-dev` for MariaDB on Linux)

This will run the application on HTTP port 5000. When you first
login, you'll be able to add your own site settings. Browse to http://[IP]:8787
to begin.

You may also want to change the SMTP configuration via environment variables,
which are described in [`config/environment.example.yml`](config/environment.example.yml).

To run staytus in the background, simply run `procodile start` without the `--foreground` option.

### Upgrading

Once you've installed Staytus, you can easily upgrade it by
following this process.

```text
$ cd path/to/staytus
$ git pull origin stable
$ bundle
$ bundle exec rake staytus:build staytus:upgrade
```

Once you've done this, you should ensure you restart any Staytus
processes which you have running.

## E-Mail Notifications

All e-mail notifications are sent through a background worker process. This will be started automatically when you run the application using `foreman start`. If you don't do this, you can run jobs using `bundle exec rake jobs:work`.

## Administration

To log in for the first time, visit the `/admin`, and log in with email
`admin@example.com` and password `password`. You will probably want to go to
Settings -> Users and set up your admins.

## Themes

All themes are stored in the `content/themes` directory. You can
add your own themes in this directory but we do not recommend
making changes to the `default` theme as these changes may get
overridden in an upgrade.

Full details about how to make these will be coming soon.

## Examples in the wild

* [aTech Status Site](https://status.atechmedia.com)
* [Dial 9 Status Site](https://status.dial9.co.uk)

If you're running Staytus in the wild, let us know so we can
add you to the list.

## Screenshots

Here's a few extra screenshots from the admin and public interfaces.

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/SZ2WUI.png)

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/TgqeV8.png)

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/JErXE75Fhu.png)

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/fb5kFe.png)

![Screenshot](https://s.adamcooke.io/15/9n5W4j.png)


text:
How to Work Out at the Gym
How to Do Stability Ball Exercises at the Gym
Learn stability ball exercises from certified personal trainer Max Tapper in this Howcast gym workout video.
Hi, guys. This is Max Tapper again for Howcast. And what I'm going to do today is show you a couple of exercise ball workouts. Now this is what we call the exercise ball, also known as the stability ball. And what it does is it adds instability to any workout, making it more challenging for your core. All right? So, we can do chest presses on it. Any different exercise we do will become more difficult because of this uneven surface. So the first exercise we're going to do on this exercise ball is going to be a basic crunch, and I'm going to show you how to do it. Let's roll out a little bit, so the ball is in the small of our back, all right? Now all we're looking to do is allow ourselves to roll around the ball, then contract, up. Slow on the way down. Contract, up. All right? Now exercise like this you'll do to about twenty repetitions. Now one thing you want to pay attention to is to not use your hip flexors. So when you're coming up, you're not trying to do this. All right? You're trying to keep your legs steady, and just use your core muscles and just your abdominal muscles in this area. Nice small contraction. All right. So, the second exercise we're going to do on this medicine ball is going to be a chest press. Now I'm going to grab these dumbbells and I'm going to roll out. Now this is going to be my position in the chest press. As long as my shoulders, though, and my upper back and my neck are supported, I'm completely fine. Slow on the way down, in my press, and up. Slow on the way down again, in my press, and up. Now the third exercise we're going to go through in this series is going to be an exercise ball overhead press. So we're going to focus on our shoulders again, but we're going to be on a very unstable surface, so our bodies are going to be moving. Again that's going to be doing a lot of core work for us and it's going to be very beneficial. Let's pick these up. All right. So this is our beginning position. Slow and controlled, we're lifting over our head. One. Slow on the way down. Two. Slow on the way down. Nice and controlled. Now even as I'm doing this, I can feel my legs doing a lot of work just to stabilize myself and keep myself in the middle. And down. So, guys, exercise ball is a great way to add challenge to any exercise you want to do. Add this ball into many different workouts that you have out there, because you're going to add a little more challenge to your workout, be a lot more fun, and you'll get a lot of different results. So, remember, stability ball. It's awesome for adding more challenge to anything that you want do. Go out there, have a good time, and be safe.
Circuit Training vs. Interval Training
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How to Do a Pec Pump Chest Workout at the Gym
How to Do a Squat at the Gym


Reason: The red pressure alarm for the gaseous helium system had gone off.
Rocket maker United Launch Alliance said it would try again Sunday, provided the helium-pressure issue can be resolved quickly.
NASA wrote on its Twitter page that the launch was postponed from 3:33 am ET to 4:38 am ET. It later updated that the launch was "scrubbed" and a second attempt will be made on Sunday morning.
Thousands of spectators gathered in the middle of the night to witness the launch, including the University of Chicago astrophysicist for whom the spacecraft is named. Eugene Parker predicted the existence of solar wind 60 years ago. He's now 91 and eager to see the solar probe soar.


text:
Dennis Gabor (Hongaars: Gábor Dénes) (Boedapest, 5 juni 1900 – Londen, 9 februari 1979) was een Hongaars-Brits natuurkundige en hoogleraar. Gabor was de uitvinder van de holografie, en ontving hiervoor in 1971 de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde.

Biografie
Dennis Gabor werd op 5 juni 1900 geboren in een joods gezin in Boedapest. Hij was de oudste zoon van Bertalan, directeur van een mijnbedrijf, en Adrienne "Ady" Gábor. Tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog vocht hij met het Hongaarse leger in noord Italië. In 1918 begon hij met studeren aan de Technische en Economische Universiteit Boedapest. Later studeerde hij elektrotechniek aan de Technische Universiteit Charlottenburg, tegenwoordig de Technische Universiteit Berlijn, alwaar hij in 1927 promoveerde. Zijn proefschrift betrof het meten van bliksem-geïnduceerde stroompieken in hoogspanningslijnen. Om deze stroompieken te meten ontwikkelde Gabor een speciale kathodestraalbuisoscilloscoop met een zeer snelle responstijd.

Aanvankelijk werkte Gabor voor Siemens & Halske, van 1927 tot 1933, maar nadat Hitler in nazi-Duitsland aan de macht was gekomen week Gabor via Hongarije uit naar Groot-Brittannië. Hier ging hij bij British Thomson-Houston (BTH) werken in Rugby. In 1936 trouwde hij met Marjorie Louise Butler, een collega bij BTH. Het huwelijk bleef kinderloos. In 1946 verkreeg hij de Britse nationaliteit.

In 1947 ontdekte hij de holografie waarvoor hij in 1971 de Nobelprijs zou ontvangen. In 1948 vertrok hij naar het Imperial College London in Londen. Van 1958 tot aan zijn pensioen in 1967 werkte hij hier als professor in de technische natuurkunde. Het merendeel van zijn pensionering bracht hij door in Italië. Naast de wetenschap hield Gabor zich intensief bezig met maatschappelijke problemen; zo was hij lid van de Club van Rome. Met Umberto Columbo en andere wetenschappers schreef hij in 1979 het rapport: "Beyond the Age of Waste: A Report to the Club of Rome".

Werk
Gabor deed onderzoek op het gebied van de elektronenmicroscopie, de fysische optica, plasma's en gasontladingen en televisietechniek. In 1947 ontdekte hij holografie – fotografie van driedimensionale beelden – toen hij bezig was om de resolutie van afbeeldingen van de elektronenmicroscoop te verbeteren. In tegenstelling tot een gewone foto pakt een hologram alle details van de lichtgolven die een object terugkaatst. Echter, de vroege ontwikkeling werd gehinderd door ontoereikende lichtbronnen. De door Gabor gebruikte kwikbooglamp zorgde voor wisselende resultaten.

Pas na de uitvinding van de laser in 1960 kwam er een lichtbron beschikbaar die ideaal was voor het vastleggen van hologrammen. Met behulp van een laser wisten de Amerikanen Juris Uptanieks en Emmett Leith in 1962 en de Rus Yuri Denisyuk in 1963 met succes het eerste echte hologram te maken.

Erkenning
Naast de Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde in 1971 mocht Gabor diverse prijzen en eredoctoraten in ontvangst nemen, waaronder onder andere de:
 Thomas Young Medal (1967) van de Physical Society of Londen
 Cristoforo Colombo Prize (1967) van Int. Inst. Communications, Genua
 Rumford Medal (1968) van de Royal Society of Londen
 Albert Michelson Medal (1968) van het Franklin Institute
 IEEE Medal of Honor (1970)
 Eredoctoraat (1970) van de Universiteit van Southampton
 Eredoctoraat (1971) van de Technische Universiteit Delft
 Prix Holweck (1971) van de Société Française de Physique

In 1989 werd in zijn geboorteland Hongarije de International Dennis Gabor Award in het leven geroepen door de NOVOFER Foundation van de Hongaarse Academie van Wetenschappen. Deze prijs wordt uitgereikt om jonge excellente wetenschappers onder de 35-jaar te belonen voor baanbrekend onderzoek in de natuurkunde en toegepaste technologie.

Publicaties
 The Electron Microscope (1934)
 Inventing the Future (1963). Nederlands: Blauwdruk van de toekomst, 1964
 Innovations: Scientific, Technological, and Social (1970)
 The Mature Society (1972). Nederlands: De volwassen maatschappij, 1972
 Proper Propertities of Science and Technology (1972)
 Beyond the Age of Waste: A Report to the Club of Rome (1979, met U. Colombo, A. King en R. Galli)

Hongaars natuurkundige
Brits hoogleraar
Brits natuurkundige
Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde
20e-eeuws natuurkundige


text:
Justice Vicente V. Mendoza
Justice Vicente V. Mendoza was elected Independent Director in February 2018. He was as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1994 to 2003. In 1980, he served as an Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals until his appointment as its Presiding Justice in 1994. He was a member of the Presidential Electoral Tribunal from 1994-2003 and of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal from 1999-2003. He served in the office of the Solicitor General, Department of Justice, first as a Solicitor from 1971-1973 and later as Assistant Solicitor General from 1973 to 1980, successfully handling constitutional litigation for the Government. He has been a Faculty member at the University of the Philippines College of Law since 1967 to the present and gave bar review classes from 1978 to 1994.
Justice Mendoza was admitted to the Philippine Bar in 1958 and was a visiting scholar at the Harvard Law School in the fall term in 1976. He has authored several law books and has written several articles published in law journals. He was conferred an LLM degree by Yale Law School in 1971 and graduated from the UP College of Law in 1957.
Arnulfo B. Santiago


Rajasthan is a state located in the western part of India. Being the largest in size, this state has a lot to offer It is the abode of the Thar Desert, Mount Abu, numerous forts and palaces, lakes, national parks and to finish it all, typical lip-smacking Rajasthani food. The vibrant colour and heritage of the state can be the perfect destination for you and your loved ones. In this article, we have assembled for you the best of what the city has to offer in terms of historical monuments and places.
An ethereal marvel of its kind that makes travellers gasp at the sight of its beauty is none other than City Palace at Jaipur. This beautiful palace built between 1729 and 1732 is a reflection of the thoughts of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II along with the due efforts of Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob and Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. The authentic Vastu Shastra of Indian architecture was followed for the construction of the palace. And what stands in the pink city is the shining byproduct of the Mughal, Rajput and European style of architecture. So now it's time to go ahead and take over the palace and to do so you have the choice to enter from Virendra Pol, Atish Pol or the Udai Pol.
Those who go bizarre over minute details would love to visit this next attraction, the Nathmal ki Haveli. This must visit monument in Rajasthan was the residence of the then Prime Minister of Jaisalmer, Diwan Mohata Nathmal and at present is patly inhabited. If we go by the facts then you would be surprised to know that the construction of this haveli was started from two different points at the same time, that too by two brothers named Hathi and Lulu, interesting! As modernisation was not a thing in the late 19th century so it was hard to keep an eye on the continuity hence the Haveli is a bit irregular and isn't the same from both sides. But that definitely didn't stop Nathmal ki Haveli from being among the famous Havelis of Jaisalmer.
Lalgarh Palace is one of my favourites among this list of top places to visit and might turn out to be yours as well. This palace in Bikaner was designed by Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob when the British controlled regency thought that Junagarh Fort was not apt for modern monarch. And that's when the construction of this complex started for the Maharaja of Bikaner, Sir Ganga Singh who was famous for his hunting stories at his preserve at Gajner. The palace was located just 5 miles away from Junagarh Fort which at present is known as the Dr. Karni Singhji Road. The three storey Thar desert quarried red sandstone complex got its final stroke in the year 1926 and was everything that a 19th century palace should look like. Some of the famous personalities who visited the palace were Lord Curzon, King George V, Lord Harding, Lord Irwin, Georges Clemenceau and Queen Mary. At present, the west wing of the palace houses the Shri Sadul Museum which has the world's fourth largest private library, followed by a wing which is owned by the Bikaner Royal Family. Two wings of the palace are converted into hotels namely the Lalgarh Palace Hotel which is run by the Maharaja Ganga Singh Ji Trust and The Laxmi Niwas Palace which is a luxury hotel.
Another example of great architecture which was built in the year 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh is the prized jewel of Jaipur, Hawa Mahal. The mahal finds its special place on the fringe of City Palace, Jaipur. The first look at the structure of the Mahal might make you think that it's a honeycombed hive thats spread over five storeys, feeling giddy? Well the reason for the 953 windows of the Mahal that makes it look like a beehive was to let the breeze flow in and provide an air conditioning effect inside the palace with the use of Venturi effect. The innumerous windows also acted as a veil for the royal ladies to enjoy the activities that took place in the local market. You can also enjoy a great view of the Sireh Deori Bazaar, Jantar Mantar and the City Palace.
Taking its place just opposite to the Jaisalmer Fort, Manak Chowk is the place from where you get access to all the beautiful havelis and palaces of Jaisalmer. This place is also perfect for all the shopping lovers as it has a wide range of anything and everything you want from a Rajasthani market. Manak Chowk built in the 18th and 19th century is also renowned as the heart of local activities in Jaisalmer.
Well, Rajasthan has really decided to delight you with its scenic backgrounds and Forts. As this next fort is one of the best heritage sites snuggled amid the Aravalli Hills and was founded in the year 1812 by Thakur Nawal Singh which now is turned into a heritage hotel. The beautifully decorated gateway of the fort with frescoes of Lord Krishna and his cows coneys the cultural importance of the town. Apart from this there are Lord Krishna paintings in the rooms of the fort as well along with charming mirror work and carvings. The Durbar Hall of the fort also showcases a number of stunning paintings and antiques.
The above-mentioned places are some of the popular tourist attractions in Rajasthan. During your holidays in Rajasthan, exploring these places will leave you with a mesmerizing experience. You will surely love to scratch the history and great deeds of the royal Rajputs while enjoying quality time with your loved ones. So, plan a visit to an incredible Rajasthan state of India and cherish unforgettable memories. Heritage Royal Rajasthan is one of the best Tour Package Provider in Udaipur. We also provide Living Heritage Walking Tours of Udaipur & Sightseeing Tours of Udaipur for an affordable price.


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Shipping A Car To or From Faribault County | A-1 Auto Transport, Inc.
Faribault County is home to 7 lakes, including Bass Lake, Hart Lake, Minnesota Lake, Rice Lake, Smaller Rice Lake, South Walnut Lake and Walnut Lake. Some provide excellent fishing grounds while others offer beautiful camping grounds. Some even have a section opened to small boating activities. Faribault is a haven for outdoor adventure lovers, many that come from the neighboring counties both in Minnesota and Iowa.
Public transportation exists, but mostly serves the cityscape. For a more fluid experience in site seeing the county, ensure you bring your car along. A-1 Auto Transport offers affordable car shipping to both residents and guests visiting Faribault County. Our unique service delivery makes us the recommended firm for shipping cars to or from Faribault County.
Blue Earth, Bricelyn, Delavan, Easton, Elmore, Frost, Kiester, Minnesota Lake, Walters, Wells, Winnebago, Barber Township, Bush Creek Township, Clark Township, Dunbar Township, Emerald Township, Foster Township, Jo Daviess Township, Lura Township, Pilot Grove Township, Prescott Township, Rome Township, Seely Township, Verona Township, Walnut Lake Township, Baroda, Dell, Guckeen, Huntley, Marna and Homedahi are a few of the places we serve.
We guarantee car delivery to all communities when shipping cars to or from Faribault County. We understand the unreliability of public transportation better than anyone else. That's why we offer to deliver the car to your address or a terminal closest to you. We also serve the neighboring communities in the bordering counties; Blue Earth County, Waseca County, Freeborn County, Winnebago & Kossuth counties (IA) and Martin County.
Long Distance car shipping: For 25 years, we have shipped cars all around the US. We are well-versed with the major highways and interstates serving every corner of continental USA. Interstate 90 cuts across Faribault County, making it easy to ship cars to any location across its length, in Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Massachusetts. From Interstate 90, we find our way to the rest of the states in the US.
Recreational Vehicle shipping: Are you planning on taking your RV out for a spin at one of the magnificent campsites offered in Faribault County? Make sure you ship your RV through us. We have the best shipping solutions as we are experienced in handling different types of recreational vehicles and motorhomes.
All autos shipping: We have handled different kinds of autos over the years, including SUVs, sedans, trucks, high-end vehicles, electric cars, hybrid vehicles and motorcycles. Trust us to handle your vehicle with care as we have handled many like yours before.
For these and other services when shipping cars to or from Faribault County, call A-1 auto Transport on (Tel: 8004522880).


Core (manufacturing) - WikipediaSingle-piece cores do not need to be assembled because they are made in a split core box. A split core box, like it sounds, is made of two halves and has at least one hole for sand to be introduced. For simple cores that have constant cross-sections they can be created on special core-producing extruders. The extrusions.sand required to make core,What is core sand? - QuoraCore sand is usually a mixture of sand grains and organic binders which develop great strength after baking at 250–650 F. With the help of core sand, it is possible to create intricate castings by casting metal around thin sand projections without.
Core Making and PCS of Oil Sand Cores in Greensand without .
mold. Make five (5) additional 50 pound sand batches and run the sand out making core. A minimum of 35 cores are required. f. One half hour to 1 hour after manufacture randomly perform a scratch hardness test on the outer edge of the blow surface on 10% of the cores and record the results on the Core Production Log.
Nov 19, 2016 . In this video, I show how to make sand cores, which are used to make cavities or voids inside castings, such as making it hollow.
Common Technologies in Core Making : There are six most common technologies involved in core making. They are. Oil as the sand binder; Green sand; Hotbox; Coldbox; Nobakes; Shell process. In each of the above technologies there are various advantages and drawbacks. Requirements and Features of Common.
molding and core sands. The shape of the sand grains in the mold or core sand determines the possibility of its application in various types of foundry practice. The shape of foundry sand grains varies from round to angular. Some sands consist almost entirely of grains of one shape, whereas others have a mixture of various.
Process – Core Making & Assembly – Heat Treat | ATEK Metal .
Core Making & Assembly. We have extensive expertise in designing, manufacturing and assembling complex sand cores. Our semi permanent mold castings contain both isocure and shell cores to produce highly complex geometries. The isocur® process produces cores in a cold box, binding the sand together using a.
US6467525B2 - Gelatin coated sand core and method of making .
It is important to have the hydrated sand temperature below the melting point of the gelatin coating. If the gelatin starts to melt before blowing the core, the sand will become sticky and will not blow uniformly into the mold. This requirement for keeping the hydrated sand cool makes cooling of the sand necessary in actual.
The constituents for making sand cores at foundries consist of sand, resin and a catalyst to quickly set the resin. A common practice in core production is the use of . Improvements to the traditional phenolic-based cold box (PUCB) core making system have been developed. These developments include the use of biodiesel.
Of what NOT to do and things I FORGOT to do, and some things I SHOULD HAVE DONE, so if you try to do this understand right off that this is a learning process and you WILL make mistakes. I'm not sure just what I can show you in the way of pictures, after all it's just a box of sand/flour and other ingredients mixed together.
Supreme Cores, Inc. is one of the countries original "core shops" started in 1978 in Janesville, Wisconsin by Warren Grossmann. We are now in our 38th year serving as a "Friend to the Foundry Industry". Over the years, we have evolved into the "Supreme" leader of supplying cores and molds to the Foundry Industry in the.
Process Sheets – Our process sheets consist of everything that the operator needs in order to produce a quality core. They will provide the sand mix, pictures, where to file, packaging information, special procedures, setup procedures, etc. Theses sheets will also help the supervisors and leads to determine if the cores are.
a. Sodium Silicate for Core Making, Quart Can - Budget Casting .
Description: Sodium Silicate is a liquid material that can be mixed with sand to form a core. It is an easy binder to use because it is a "no bake" product that doesn't require a drying oven. This core binder is NOT PURE SODIUM SILICATE, but rather a mixture of sodium silicate and other materials that promote breakdown of.
Apr 25, 2014 . Many castings i.e. bollards and columns are not solid but have hollow centres or cavities. To create a cavity the internal shape of the casting is formed by making a sand core, which is then placed in the mould cavity. The molten iron runs between the mould and the core which, when the sand from the core.
selection of the parameters of core making process with the use of quick-hardened sands. Loose quick-hardened sands need elevated temperature for setting and simultaneously contain the hardening agent for increasing the time of the process . The basic components of quick-setting sand are mainly synthetic resins.
It is commonly known that a ceramic core is what is needed when a high degree of internal precision is needed. . Sand foundries who once thought they could not compete in precision casting are recapturing this market by using a Unicast core in a sand mold to produce a part that has high precision internals at a much.
Peridot, Inc. offers a variety of sand castings. . These sand castings are most often various grades of gray, ductile, or white iron, aluminum or brass. The material can also be specially formulated, such as . in a filled high wear plastic. The same filled high wear material is used to make any core boxes that may be required.
These gases are those that have been absorbed by the metal during melting, air absorbed from the atmosphere and the steam generated by the molding and core sand. If these gases are not allowed to escape from the mold, they would be entrapped inside the casting and cause casting defects. To overcome this problem.
3D Print Patterns, Sand Molds, & Cores | Hoosier Pattern Inc.
When determining the cost for a printed sand core/mold, take the L x W x H of the bounding box of the piece to be printed and multiply this by $0.13 (for most product). Most lead times are 10 business days but can be expedited for an additional fee. If we do not have to clean the core and can print the part in a printed box and.
The conventional path to a sand casting core is a laborious, time-intensive process. The various steps of creating and . cores and patterns in a few days. The patterns and cavities produced in this way are of equivalent accuracy, and have properties that are virtually identical to tooling created with conventional methods.
requirements. Keywords: Alkyd resin, Oil Urethane, Chemically Bonded Core/Mold, Core Shrinkage. 1. INTRODUCTION. Sand casting accounts for over 80% of cast parts produced worldwide. It has advantages . been introduced in foundry industry, which are reported to have better dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
Sand cores are produced by blowing a sand-air mixture into a mold. The foundry engineer's objective is to achieve a homogeneous sand distribution with a sufficient packing of the sand in order to avoid air enclosures in the sand and achieve a good stability of the core. FLOW-3D CAST's modeling capabilities allow the.
By making our own cores we can better control the resin content so as to minimize outgassing in the molding operation. We can also have tighter controls for core removal to insure there is never sand in a casting beyond the core removal process. We can apply coatings or core washes when they are required but have.


The Federal Government has denied reaching an agreement with the leaders of the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) on the new minimum wage.
The Minister of Labour and Employment, Chris Ngige, disclosed this on Wednesday after the Federal Executive Council (FEC) meeting presided over by President Muhammadu Buhari at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.
The Minister explained that negotiations are still ongoing as the different groups involved have agreed on different figures as minimum wage.
According to him, the labour leaders agreed on N30,000, the private sector agreed on N25,000 while the Federal and State governments agreed on N24,000 and N20,000 respectively.
He said negotiations will continue as they plan to harmonise the agreements reached tomorrow, Thursday.
Ngige also added that in accordance with Convention 131 of the International Labour Organisation, the most important thing to consider in fixing the new minimum wage is the ability to pay.
Earlier, before the commencement of the FEC meeting, the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Boss Mustapha, presented a compendium to President Buhari.
The 1,042-page document is a compilation of the policies, programmes and projects approved by the FEC from 2015 to 2017.
Mustapha said the book serves as a reference material and an answer to critics who do not believe the Buhari-led administration has achieved so much.


Work is continuing on the California side of the layout. With the turntable bridge in place, the engine servicing yard is laid out, below photo.
Again, using techniques demonstrated by Rick Battista on his DVDs, we started to add color to our terrain and background, below photo. Some of our initial color work has not been satisfactory, so the final outcome differs from what is below.
L-Girders were preassembled in 6', 8' and 10' lengths using glue and deck screws below photo. With an outline drawn on what would become each module's plywood top, the preassembled L-Girders were attached using glue and deck screws on the reverse side at locations that would not interfere with future cutting along the module's outermost edge, below photo.
Once the initial layer of paper towels dry, you then apply additional layers of Plaster of Paris with a brush to achieve a satisfactory level of strength, below photo.
The next step was to add wood framework to support the layouts partially elevated mainline. These elevated portions vary from 6" - 7" high and connect to six of the seven modules. With all of the modules aligned, these elevated sections were secured in place with glue and wood screws, following two photos.
In the above photo you can see three wood knobs (lower center right) used to control three Blue Point Manual Turnout Controllers, and five toggle switches to the left, which control block wiring in the Las Vegas yard.
With the completion and testing of the turntable, with its bridge removed, it was installed into Module 2. The entire turntable pit and drive mechanism is suspended 2 3/8" below the module top through the use of PVC pipe spacers and four carriage bolts. This distance allows enough of the pit to extend above the module top, so that when track is laid atop the one inch foam sheets, bridge track elevation will match the rest of the layout.
Although difficult to see, the following photo indicates that the turntable and its bridge are level.
The following photo shows one and two inches of foam panel covering most of the California side of the layout. Also visible is the initial work with the Woodland Scenics Subterranean System.
Our next step was to remove each module from Bob's Depot and add legs made from 35 3/4" lengths of 1" X 4" pine L-Girders. These are the same L-Girders we used to construct the seven module tops, following photo.
Prior to ballasting, both sides of the outer rails were painted with a diluted mixture of brown acrylic paint to simulate "rusted" rails, above photo.
Because of how difficult it would be to reach particular areas of the layout if all of the modules were bolted together, track is being laid and wired a module at a time. Modules 4 and 5 have had their track and wiring completed. Once the wiring and TMCC were tested, Modules 4 and 5 were ballasted, following photo.
Fourteen gauge electrical track wiring is being soldered at intervals of approximately every five feet, or more often if necessary to maintain electrical continuity through switches. This wiring is feed through holes in the module tops and soldered to 12 gauge wires running under each track path back to a "home run" wiring junction, following three photos.
Another clearance problem was discovered on track that was laid, ballasted, tested and thought to be finished. However, a final test of this curve with a 20 inch (80 foot) long car on each track disclosed a serious problem. Approximately three feet of the outer curve was removed, lengthened by approximately .75 inch, and replaced. This now allows sufficient clearance if two trains with similar consists should pass. Most of this change was made inside the tunnel (repair area = lack of new ballast), following two photos.
The only place where foam board is not applied to the plywood module tops is where the track roadbed elevation will go to "0" inches. This is indicated with blue on the following diagram.
We are finalizing the four modules on the Nevada side of the layout, before moving forward with the three modules on the California side of the room.
We have started to lay and wire track on the Nevada side of the layout. Track laying and wiring is slow, exacting work.
As previously noted, we are using Atlas Nickel Silver track products and Ross Custom Switches. Our use of Atlas track is a carry over from our now dismantled B&P Garden Railroad. Approximately 50 percent of the track being used on the B&P South-Western is salvaged from the garden railroad.
Every track joint, Atlas to Atlas, and Atlas to Ross is first prepped with a Dremel tool, fitted with an Atlas Rail Joiner, and then soldered, below photo.
Woodland Scenics Subterranean System is finished and we are applying paper towels dipped in Plaster of Paris.
Continue at the top of "Middle Column."
Using techniques we discovered by watching Rick Battista's Black Diamond Railroad DVDs we started to model terrain to accommodate our changes in elevation and add mountains to some of our background. Instead of buying plaster cloth, Rick uses regular paper towels dipped into a thin Plaster of Paris solution, and draped over the feature.
As seen in following two photos, we used a variety of materials to fill the voids under the Plaster of Paris paper towels.
After the glue joints cured, the elevated sections were cut along module lines to allow the modules to again be separated, below photo.
Track and TMCC testing is reflected in the below two photos (photo below before recent repair for clearance).
As can be seen in the above photos, we are now laying track on Modules 6 and 7.
All of the "dirt, ballast, and larger rock" used on the layout was purchased from a local rock landscaping company. Bob was able to buy three five-gallon pales of "Chat" size rock (.25 inch or smaller pieces) in three colors, red, brown, and grey for approximately $10.00.
Once he had it home, he spent a couple of days sifting the Chat through crude arrangements of screen to separate each of the three colors into three grades, dirt/gravel, ballast, and one-foot scale boulders.
Dirt/gravel, ballast and boulders are placed and then sprayed with a solution of white glue (Elmer's) and water. Most of this solution was mixed at a ratio of one part glue and two parts water, and applied with a common household spray bottle.
The scale 80 foot MetroLink passenger car, longest car in our fleet (seen in several photos), is being used during track testing to ensure clearance at various switches and curves. We have identified several places where we have had to make modifications to accommodate the car's overhang around curves.
One Example was the vertical support for the double steel-plate girder bridge. The original vertical support, located at a point between the two parallel lower tracks did not allow sufficient clearance for the MetroLink car. A new design has been installed that simulates a horizontal pre-stressed concrete beam supported by two vertical concrete supports (following photo).
The seven modules were returned to Bob's Depot, aligned and bolted together, following two photos.
We live in Southern Nevada, a dry region of the Southwestern United States. Many believe that it is very hot here. However, we have approximately six months of the year that are cool to cold, with overnight freezing, opposite three months with an average daytime high temperature of 100-plus degrees. The remaining three months are divided between a short spring and fall.
With the sale of our previous home in 2010, we had to completely demolish our outdoor O Gauge Model Railroad, the B&P Garden Railroad. At our new home, we have a separate structure that includes one 21.5 X 17.5 foot room, with an adjoining bath and closet. We call it Bob's Depot, following photo.
Once this was done, additional L- and/or T- Girders were added to ensure the structural integrity of each module top, below photo.
Using foam pieces from the Woodland Scenics Subterranean System (WholesaleTrains.com) we finalized the layout's various grades. No grade is greater than 2 percent, below photo.
We have now finished adding the rough terrain features to Modules One, Two and Three. The following photos show how Module Three was done.
Module sides adjacent to the interior walls of Bob's Depot, were fitted with 24" high backs made from 3/8" X 2' X 8" sheets of plywood. These plywood surfaces will provide a secure base on which to later add layout scenery, following photo.
We reinforced each modules' L-Girder legs with the addition of various 1" X 4" pine as illustrated in the below photo.
Next we covered significant portions of the layout's plywood top with 1" construction grade foam board. This foam board is available at Home Depot, etc., and comes in various thickness. Where used, our minimum foam board elevation is 1". In some cases we used a double layer to have a 2" foam base, below photo.
Each module was constructed with L- and T-Girders made from 1" X 4" pine, and 4' X 8' X .5" plywood sheets.
First, the plywood sheets were laid flat on the floor in Bob's Depot in their respective location. Using the layout's RR-Track diagram, track was laid on the plywood to determine its location in closest proximity to the outer edge of each module. This was done to allow an outline to be drawn on each sheet of plywood approximating the location of each module's outermost edge, following photo.
While laying track on Modules One, Two and Three, we found that we had room to add an additional siding that loops around the engine servicing and turntable area. This new loop of track serves as both a siding and reversing loop.
Also added after we began our initial work was an elevated siding that leads into a mine tunnel on Module Three. Both are highlighted in yellow on the following image.
A slide show of all photos in this article is available at the end of the column.
To preview the B&P South-Western Railroad click on this photo.
This process was used on our garden railroad with excellent TMCC results. Thus far, our B&P South-Western track testing has resulted in excellent TMCC performance.
Also visible in the above photo are three Blue Point Manual Turnout Controllers from Micro-Mark.com. All B&P South-Western turnouts will be manually controlled with either Blue Point Controllers or Caboose Industries Ground Throw Levers.
Where turnouts cannot conveniently be reached by hand from the side of the layout, Blue Point Controllers will be activated with Flex-Link connections at the side of the layout. Where turnouts can easily be reached (eight of the turnouts), Caboose Ground Throws will be used.
We utilized manual turnout control with our garden railroad. We found it to be very rewarding to have to move about with the trains and manually throw switches as necessary.
Where appropriate, all curves are banked. This is accomplished by placing a length of 16 gauge wire under the ties on the outer edge of the curve prior to securing the ties to the roadbed and ballasting, following photo.
While Bob is not afraid of complicated construction, as evidenced by B&P Garden Railroad - Parts 2 and 3, he is getting older. Additionally, based on our recent experience of having to abandon and demolish the B&P Garden Railroad, we wanted to build something that could be disassembled and moved, if necessary.
We decided that having two movable bridge structures across the North wall's five-foot door opening would be acceptable. Consequently, we have now focused on a layout design that uses more of the room's area, while allowing easier access through the room. The bridges can be removed when the layout is not in use. When in place, with a clearance of 38 inches, the bridges can be walked under by kneeling.
The B&P South-Western will be more than 21 feet wide and approximately 16 feet deep. The new o gauge layout will have two mainlines, two reversing loops, sidings, a yard area, a turntable (See B&P O Gauge Turntable), and an engine maintenance/storage area. One of the two removable bridges across the North wall opening will be a single track Steel Truss-Type Bridge with a track elevation approximately six inches above the second bridge's three parallel tracks.
The lower bridge will be modeled after the recently completed Mike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge connecting Nevada and Arizona 840 feet above the Colorado River. This is the longest concrete arch bridge in the Western Hemisphere, and the second-highest bridge in the United States, following photo.
Building the B&P South-Western continues on the next page, B&P 2.
To follow our most recent building efforts, go to B&P Scenes, which highlights various layout details along the B&P South-Western Toy Train Railroad. These details reflect the fond memories of the B&P's builders.
We hope our experience gives you some useful ideas and helps you plan your project more effectively.
Good luck, and Happy Model Railroading.
The white areas on either side of the rail yard will be filled in with scenes of old Las Vegas after the entire layout is operational.
As a final check of our RR-Track plan, the appropriate track and switches were laid atop the assembled module tops, below photo.
No discussion of Southern Nevada during the 1950s would be complete without noting the impact of the Nevada Test Site where the United States conducted atmospheric nuclear tests for more than a decade less than 100 miles North of Las Vegas.
The test depicted in the twilight of early morning in the following photo, North of the B&P's Las Vegas junction, is "Easy," part of Operation Buster, November 5, 1951.
Its three parallel tracks will be at the layout's lowest level, 40 inches, below diagram.
All track elevation changes will be achieved with a two (2) percent, or less grade.
Layout bench work will be in seven separate modules. The West side of the room will have two 4 X 8 foot, and one 5 X 8.5 foot modules. The East side of the room will have one 4 X 8.5 foot, one 4 X 12 foot, one 4 X 8 foot, and one 4.5 X 8 foot modules. When assembled, the seven modules will bolt together on their respective sides of the room, with the four mainline tracks connected by the two aforementioned bridges.
The interior edges of each of the seven module tops will be trimmed of excess plywood to conform to the curved shaped of the layout's folded dog-bone design. This will allow for easier movement through the room, improved ability to physically reach various layout locations, and more floor space for future users of the layout.
The B&P South-Western's two mainlines will have 072, 081, 090, and 099 curves. Some of the layout's sidings will use 054, 063 and 072 curves. The entire layout will encompass 389 feet of track.
We constructed the bench work in seven modules. The seven modules are depicted on the following diagram.
The following photo indicates that track elevations will match.
Continue at the top of "Right Column."
As a young guy growing up in Los Angeles in the 1940s and `50s, Bob often would get up early to witness the flash of light visible from the Nevada Test Site Nuclear Tests approximately 300 miles away.
It's now October 2011. We've been working on the layout for 13 months. All four modules of the Nevada side of the layout are complete, with track, wiring, turnout control and ballasting, following photos.
Using a jig saw, the edges of each of the seven module tops were trimmed of excess plywood to conform to the curved shape of the layout's folded dog-bone design, following photo.
As time has permitted, Bob has been working with RR-Track software to develop a new Indoor o gauge train layout, the B&P South-Western Railroad. This too will be an O Gauge Model Train Layout. We will use our salvaged Atlas Nickel Silver Track and ultimately have 22 new Ross Custom, and Atlas Switches, and 720 Watts of Lionel TMCC for power.
Our layout design philosophy was to maximize the amount of track devoted to railroad mainlines, sidings and rail yards within the given space we had available. Additionally, we cut off, rounded layout corners to facilitate movement around the layout. Both of these priorities limited space for buildings, street scenes, etc.
The design challenge has been how to best use the room's 21.5 X 17.5 foot interior space. The exterior entrance is through French Doors on the South wall. However, to access the bath and closet, you have to walk diagonally across the room's interior to a five-foot wide opening in the middle of the room's North wall. In effect, you have to be able to walk through the layout space, and exit the other side.
Inspired by Jamie Haislip's O Gauge layout (State of Virginia), featured in the October 2009 issue of Classic Toy Trains Magazine, we thought we had a design concept that allowed us to operate three mainlines and provide other fun railroad action and still walk through the room.
This design also involved three levels of track operation, with few if any straight lines in its bench work. Its primary advantage was that it did not require any type of removable track or bridge across the five-foot door opening leading to the bath and closet (North Wall). Its principal disadvantage was that the bench work was going to be very complicated to precisely construct, following diagram.


text:
Q: Android Clear Cache Programatically not working I am trying to clear data and cache of my app programatically. Please find below the code for the same.
   public static void deleteCache(Context context) {
        try {

            File cache = context.getApplicationContext().getCacheDir();
            File appDir = new File(cache.getParent());
            Log.d(TAG,appDir.getAbsolutePath());
            if (appDir.exists()) {
                String[] children = appDir.list();
                for (String s : children) {
                    if (!s.equals("lib")) {
                        deleteDir(new File(appDir, s));Log.i("TAG", "**************** File /data/data/APP_PACKAGE/" + s + " DELETED *******************");
                    }
                }
            }

            File cache2= context.getApplicationContext().getExternalCacheDir();
            appDir = new File(cache2.getParent());
            Log.d(TAG,appDir.getAbsolutePath());
            if (appDir.exists()) {
                String[] children = appDir.list();
                for (String s : children) {
                    if (!s.equals("lib")) {
                        deleteDir(new File(appDir, s));Log.i("TAG", "**************** File /data/data/APP_PACKAGE/" + s + " DELETED *******************");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
                File cache1 = context.getApplicationContext().getDataDir();
                 appDir = new File(cache1.getParent());
                Log.d(TAG,appDir.getAbsolutePath());

                if (appDir.exists()) {
                    String[] children = appDir.list();
                    for (String s : children) {
                        if (!s.equals("lib")) {
                            deleteDir(new File(appDir, s));Log.i("TAG", "**************** File /data/data/APP_PACKAGE/" + s + " DELETED *******************");
                        }
                    }
                }

            }

        } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();}
    }

    public static boolean deleteDir(File dir)
    {
        if (dir != null && dir.isDirectory()) {
            String[] children = dir.list();
            for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
                boolean success = deleteDir(new File(dir, children[i]));
                if (!success) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return dir.delete();
    }

I have delete all file from getCacheDir, getExternalCacheDir and getDataDir. but still after running this code i can see my app cache size is still same. What should i do now ?
PFB Images where i am checking cache

PFB screenshot of manually clearing cache and storage:


According to a new report Global Aerial Imaging Market, published by KBV research, the Global Aerial Imaging Market size is expected to reach $3.7 billion by 2024, rising at a market growth of 13.8% CAGR during the forecast period.
The North America market holds the largest market share in Global Geospatial Mapping Solution Market by Region in 2017, and would continue to be a dominant market till 2024; growing at a CAGR of 10.8% during the forecast period.
The Europe market is expected to witness a CAGR of 11.6% during (2018 - 2024) in Global Disaster Management Market. Additionally, The Asia Pacific market is expected to witness a CAGR of 17.8% during (2018 - 2024) in Global Energy & Resource Management Market.
The Government market holds the largest market share in Global Aerial Imaging Market by End User in 2017, and would continue to be a dominant market till 2024; growing at a CAGR of 12.1 % during the forecast period. The Agriculture & Forestry market is expected to witness a CAGR of 13.4% during (2018 - 2024). Additionally, The Civil Engineering & Archaeology market would garner market size of $620.2 million by 2024.
The market research report has exhaustive quantitative insights providing a clear picture of the market potential in various segments across the globe with country wise analysis in each discussed region. The key impacting factors of the Global Aerial Imaging Market have been discussed in the report with the elaborated company profiles of Blom ASA, Fugro N.V., EagleView Technology Corporation, Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC, Cooper Aerial Surveys Co., Landiscor Real Estate Mapping, Kucera International Inc., John Deere Agri Services Inc (GeoVantage, Inc.), and High Eye Aerial Imaging Inc.


Rice Kalakand- an authentic dessert from the heart of the India,Rice Kalakand recipe with step-by-step procedures using fresh homemade paneer. Learn how to make this moist, juicy and absolutely delicious Indian.
7.Now mix some food colour in a small bowl with 2 tsp. milk to prepare the saffron milk 8.Add this saffron milk to the rice kalakand and give it a good mix, this adds intense flavour 9.Now turn off the stove and let it rest for sometime 10.Refrigerate your delicious rice kalakand for two hours 11.Serve cold!


text:
Eugenia corrientina är en myrtenväxtart som beskrevs av João Barbosa Rodrigues. Eugenia corrientina ingår i släktet Eugenia och familjen myrtenväxter.

Artens utbredningsområde är Paraguay. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Myrtenväxter
corrientina


This elaborate volume, authored by the designer's son, is a splendid celebration of one of the world's most inventive design minds. Combining whimsy and elegance, Piero Fornasetti (1913–1988) transformed everyday objects like cups, scarves, and screens into works of art featuring his idiosyncratic leitmotifs, such as the hand, the female face, and luminescent fish. Additionally, he created a wide range of works, including idealized architectural fantasy drawings, book designs, and provocative nudes, as well as the decor for the luxury liner Andrea Doria. Perhaps most famous for dazzling pieces of trompe l'oeil furniture, Fornasetti was rediscovered in the 1980s and has remained much sought-after by collectors worldwide. Featuring 2,800 illustrations, many never before published, the monograph is designed to be an "artist's book" that reflects as faithfully as possible Fornasetti's own approach to design. Fornasetti's work is organized by type and includes paintings, sculptures and etchings, furniture, graphics, textiles, glass, screens, trays, and ceramics, as well as smaller categories. With unique and exhaustive access to the archives, this epic undertaking covers detailed technical, biographical, and bibliographical information, including a list of exhibitions and a register of the complete works. A must-have for collectors and connoisseurs alike.


text:
Nils "Nisse" Lätt, född 30 december 1907 i Kjula, död 14 januari 1988 i Göteborg, var en svensk anarkist, agitator och journalist.

Bakgrund
Nisse Lätt föddes och växte upp på en gård i Södermanland och gick till sjöss vid 15 års ålder. I Baskien träffade han spanska anarkosyndikalister, tillika andra esperantister. Något som gjorde att han i unga år anslöt sig till det syndikalistiska fackförbundet SAC i Sverige.

Lätt var länge redaktör och ansvarig utgivare för den anarkistiska tidningen Brand. Fram till 1972 då han pensionerades försörjde han sig som byggnads- och anläggningsarbetare. Vid sin död efterlämnade Lätt ett ofullbordat manus till en självbiografi. Efter redigering utkom den 1993 som bok med titeln En svensk anarkist berättar (Nisse Lätts minnesfond).

Lätt tog tillsammans med Holger Carlsson (1910-1983) i början av 1930-talet initiativ till bildande av Sveriges syndikalistiska ungdomsförbund (SUF)..

Lätts boksamling bestående av 4200 böcker och pamfletter från 1910-talet och framåt testamenterades vid dennes död till den nybildade föreningen Syndikalistiskt Forum i Göteborg, och sommaren 2016 startades Nisse Lätts Minnesbibliotek i föreningens bokhandel.

Spanska inbördeskriget
Med anledning av general Francos uppror i Spanien 1936 begav sig Nisse Lätt dit för att bli frivillig i regeringsstyrkorna. Han anslöt sig till den anarkistiska Durruti-kolonnen och fick snart sitt ena öga förstört av granatsplitter. Resten av kriget deltog han i arbetet på ett jordbrukskollektiv. Efter hemkomsten till Sverige summerade Lätt sina erfarenheter från Spanien i broschyren Som milisman och kollektivbonde i Spanien (Federativs 1938). Om episoden när Lätt miste sitt ena öga skrev han: "Ehuru något yr i mössan, letade jag mig tillbaka till våra linjer." Han skrev också en annan broschyr, Havets arbetare (Göteborg 1945).

Hans rapporter från inbördeskrigets Spanien publicerades i SUF:s tidning Storm.

Referenser

Källor
Sveriges dödbok 1901-2009 (CD-skiva), Sveriges släktforskarförbund 2010.

En Svensk Anarkist Berättar. Minnesbilder ur Nisse Lätts liv som agitator och kämpe för de frihetliga idéerna, Nisse Lätts minnesfond 1993.

Svenska anarkister
Svenska syndikalister
Avlidna 1988
Födda 1907
Svenska journalister under 1900-talet
Män


Our youth gymnastics program is designed for young children, follows the USA Gymnastics progression, and is offered at the Ramsay Park Family Center. Class duration, times and fees vary.
This program is 2 days/week. Child must be accompanied by an adult. Loosely structured with free exploration time, children will build essential basic motor skills through short and quick activities. One-on-one guidance is given for parent to help child develop motor skills. Children will not only develop hand-eye coordination and body awareness, but they will also experience increased self-esteem and develop social skills. Class closes with circle time with song and play.
These classes are designed for pre-school children to develop age appropriate motor and gymnastics skills, eye-hand coordination, balance, strength and flexibility, all while building self-esteem and social skills. Child must be potty-trained to participate.
This class is designed to introduce participants to age appropriate motor and gymnastics skills in preparation for recreational level gymnastics training. Students will continue to develop basic motor skills, self-esteem and social skills with emphasis on safety and FUN!
Class instruction is focused on floor, bars, vault and balance beam skills. Students will build strength, flexibility and balance while learning gymnastics skills.
This class is a great workout for participants looking to gain tumbling skills while improving strength, flexibility, grace, agility and balance!
Recreation Supervisor, Jenny Vivenzi is a former Professional Member of USA Gymnastics with over 15 years of teaching recreational gymnastics.
*Instructors of the gymnastics program have been trained, and go through an annual review of the above topics.
Aimee Gutierrez has been teaching with our program since February of 2015. Aimee is a graduate of Pajaro Valley High School, and was a cheerleader for the Grizzlies. Her cheerleading career developed from her gymnastics involvement in her youth. While a cheerleader, her and a few others volunteered teaching our Itty Bitty participants for the month of cheerleading!


text:
Q: CPU and GPU memory sharing If the (discrete) GPU has its own video RAM, I have to copy my data from RAM to VRAM to be able to use them. But if the GPU is integrated with the CPU (e.g. AMD Ryzen) and shares the memory, do I still have to make copies, or can they both alternatively access the same memory block?

A: It is possible to avoid copying in case of integrated graphics, but this feature is platform specific, and it may work differently for different vendors.
How to Increase Performance by Minimizing Buffer Copies on Intel® Processor Graphics article describes how to achieve this for Intel hardware:

To create zero copy buffers, do one of the following:
Use CL_MEM_ALLOC_HOST_PTR and let the runtime handle creating a zero copy allocation buffer for you
If you already have the data and want to load the data into an OpenCL buffer object, then use CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR with a buffer allocated at a 4096 byte boundary (aligned to a page and cache line boundary) and a total size that is a multiple of 64 bytes (cache line size).
When reading or writing data to these buffers from the host, use clEnqueueMapBuffer(), operate on the buffer, then call clEnqueueUnmapMemObject().

A: GPU and CPU memory sharing ?
GPU have multiple cores without control unit but the CPU controls the GPU through control unit. dedicated GPU have its own DRAM=VRAM=GRAM faster then integrated RAM. when we say integrated GPU its mean that GPU placed on same chip with CPU, and CPU & GPU used same RAM memory (shared memory ).

A: References to other similar Q&As:

*

*GPU - System memory mapping

*Data sharing between CPU and GPU on modern x86 hardware with OpenCL or other GPGPU framework