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Preventing Unfair Competition in Texas with Employee Agreements
robind March 29, 2022 Business, Employees, EmploymentContracts, EmploymentLaw
Our employment law attorneys at Murray Lobb routinely advise clients on unfair competition issues, including how to prevent unfair competition issues from arising and how to take legal action to protect your company's interests.
Below, we will go over some of the basics of how to prevent competition issues with former employees and how to protect your business interests through litigation, including:
Using appropriate employee agreements to prevent unfair competition issues before they arise, and
Legal actions to protect our clients' interests against former employees and others who engage in unfair competition through misappropriation of trade secrets, trademark and copyright infringement, or other methods.
Preventing Unfair Competition Issues with Former Employees
For many businesses, it is necessary to preemptively address the potential for unfair competition by former employees by requiring your employees to sign contracts prohibiting them from using your proprietary information, trade secrets, and intellectual property and prohibiting them from engaging in conduct that would be harmful to your company.
An agreement not to compete will prevent your employees from using what they learned while employed with you to unfairly compete with your business once they are no longer employed.
Depending on the nature of your business, this may be necessary to protect your trade secrets, customer lists, intellectual property rights, and other confidential information that a former employee could use to harm your business.
Non-compete agreements are enforceable in Texas, provided:
The contract is supported by valid consideration given by the employer in exchange for the promise not to compete (consideration could be employee training or access to the company's confidential information),
The restrictions are reasonably related to the need to restrain competition (for example, specialized training or access to the company's confidential information), and
The restrictions are reasonable in scope.
Non-solicitation Agreements
A non-solicitation agreement is similar to a covenant not to compete in Texas. Texas law treats a non-solicitation agreement the same as a non-compete agreement – they must meet the requirements listed above to be enforceable.
A non-solicitation agreement prevents an employee, both during employment and for a set time after employment, from soliciting the employer's clients or other employees. Non-solicitation is often a clause that we include in a broader agreement not to compete or severance agreement.
Non-disparagement Agreements
A non-disparagement clause may also be included in the covenant not to compete or in a severance agreement, preventing the employee from publicly disparaging the employer.
Is a non-disparagement agreement a violation of the employee's First Amendment rights?
The First Amendment protects you from punishment by the government for expressing yourself, but it does not apply to a private company. If your employees enter a non-disparagement agreement with your company and then violate the agreement, it can be enforced in court.
Your employees have a common-law duty not to disclose your company's trade secrets and proprietary information, but it is still a good idea to reinforce this with a formal non-disclosure agreement (NDA).
Non-disclosure agreements are enforceable, even if an accompanying agreement not to compete, not to solicit, or other agreement is found unenforceable.
Severance and Release Agreements
Employees in Texas are not entitled to severance pay unless it was promised to them in a prior written agreement.
When negotiating an employee's departure, however, it can be a good idea to spell out the terms of the departure and the employee's obligations going forward, including an agreement not to compete, a non-solicitation agreement, a non-disparagement agreement, and a non-disclosure agreement, with severance pay as consideration.
Unfair Competition: Taking Legal Action to Protect Your Company's Interests
What is unfair competition?
There is no official legal definition of unfair competition in Texas, but the term covers several business torts including "passing off," misappropriation of trade secrets, and common law misappropriation.
When all else fails and someone's unfair competition is hurting your business, what can you do? In some cases, when negotiation and demand letters fail, your only option may be to file suit against the infringer.
Enforcement of Employee Agreements
When it is necessary, your company can ask the courts to enforce your employee agreements, including covenants not to compete, non-solicitation agreements, non-disparagement agreements, non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), or provisions of the employee's severance agreement.
Passing Off and Reverse Passing Off
When an individual or company misrepresents that its product is someone else's (passing off) or that another company's product is their own (reverse passing off), the company who is harmed can file suit, recover damages, and ask the court for an injunction to prevent further harm.
Passing off is covered by Texas law on unfair competition, and it may also be covered by federal trademark or copyright infringement law, depending on the circumstances.
Texas law also recognizes a cause of action for misappropriation of trade secrets when the plaintiff can prove:
There was a trade secret,
The defendant obtained the trade secret due to improper discovery or the breach of a confidential relationship (whether there was an NDA in place or not),
The defendant used the trade secret, and
The defendant's use of the trade secret resulted in damages to the plaintiff.
Common-Law Misappropriation
In some situations, a business can sue for misappropriation even when the product was not a secret, if:
The plaintiff used their "extensive time, labor, skill, and money" to create the product,
The defendant uses that product to directly compete with the plaintiff, and
The plaintiff suffers commercial damage as a result of the defendant's conduct.
When an individual or business uses your company's copyrights or trademarks without consent, you may also be able to 1) enforce your intellectual property rights and 2) recover damages through the courts.
Please feel free to contact one of our Murray Lobb attorneys for advice on unfair competition, including employee agreements to prevent unfair competition issues and legal action that can be taken to protect your company's business interests.
We also remain available to help you with all your general business, corporate, and estate planning needs.


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Marked for defeat
This decision was as easy as ABC, says David Yeomans.
T 399/20, Cole Haan LLC v EUIPO, General Court, 14th July 2021
This judgment relates to two figurative marks. The Applicant, Cole Haan LLC, had applied for the Contested Mark at the EUIPO. That application was opposed by Samsøe & Samsøe Holding A/S, based, inter alia, on the Earlier Mark.
The Opposition Division upheld the opposition on the basis of likelihood of confusion. The Fourth Board of Appeal (BoA) upheld that decision on appeal. It was that decision that the Applicant then appealed.
Agreed facts
For the purposes of the appeal, the parties agreed that the BoA had been correct in determining that:
The goods at issue were identical or similar;
The Contested Mark is a representation of the letter Ø, which is part of the alphabet used in Danish, whereas the Earlier Mark is a representation of either the Greek letter ϕ or the letter Ф from the Cyrillic alphabet, used in, inter alia, Bulgarian;
The relevant public was "the French-speaking public with no command of Danish, Bulgarian or Greek".
The second and third points are each worthy of their own article. Each finding had a significant bearing on the outcome of this decision. However, being agreed, there was no real commentary from the Court on either.
The Applicant pursued its appeal, therefore, on what the Court described as "in essence, a single plea in law" – namely that there was no likelihood of confusion.
In respect of the visual assessment of the marks, the Applicant argued that the BoA erred in finding that "the signs at issue both consist of a circle bisected by a straight vertical line". The Court agreed that the BoA had erred (the Contested Mark's line is not vertical), but found this "erroneous statement" had no bearing on the decision.
Contested mark
The Court stated that, elsewhere in its decision, the BoA had referred to both the vertical and horizontal line, and properly reproduced both marks, making clear that it had properly considered the visual differences.
The Applicant further argued that "the relevant public is accustomed to distinguishing letters with similarities". The Court, upholding previous case law, held that "knowledge of a foreign language cannot, in general, be assumed".
In relation to the case at hand, the Court held that:
Even if that were the case, the point relates to letters or symbols in the language spoken by the relevant consumers; and
The letters Ø, ϕ and Ф are not used in French, which is spoken by the relevant public. Those letters therefore belong to foreign languages.
Earlier mark
As a result of these points, the Court held that the Applicant's assertions were irrelevant for the purpose of assessing the perception of visual similarities between signs which, like the signs at issue, represent letters that do not exist in the relevant consumers' language.
Phonetic comparison
The BoA found that phonetic comparison was not possible because neither sign has meaning for the majority of the relevant public and therefore would not be verbalised.
The Applicant argued that: "Consumers, even without understanding those languages, know that, first, the mark applied for has a meaning in the 'Scandinavian languages', represents a letter in the Danish alphabet and means 'island' in that language and, secondly, the Earlier Mark represents a letter in the Greek and Bulgarian alphabets."
Rejecting the Applicant's arguments in this regard, the Court again relied on the fact that knowledge of foreign languages cannot be assumed and held, inter alia, that:
It is difficult to establish with certainty how the average consumer will pronounce a word from a foreign language in their own language;
It is far from certain that the word will be recognised as being foreign;
Even when the word is recognised as being foreign, it may not be pronounced in the same manner as in the original language; and
In the assessment of the likelihood of confusion, it will still be necessary to establish that a majority of the relevant public has the ability to pronounce the word in question correctly.
Conceptual comparison
The BoA found that a conceptual comparison was not possible. The Applicant contested this, arguing that:
The relevant public will recognise the signs at issue as being two letters from different foreign languages; and
The letter Ø, represented by the Contested Mark, has other meanings understood by consumers across the EU (such as the number zero).
The Court upheld the BoA's decision and reasoning in finding that for the majority of the French-speaking public, which does not understand Bulgarian, Danish or Greek, the earlier sign has no meaning, from which it concluded that no conceptual comparison of the signs at issue is possible.
Global assessment
The Applicant accepted that the distinctive character of the Earlier Mark is low and that the visual aspect of the signs at issue in the overall impression created by them plays a greater role than their phonetic and conceptual aspects.
However, it maintained that on a global assessment, no likelihood of confusion arose. Unsurprisingly, having failed in all the individual elements above, this argument also found no favour.
It's hard not to wonder whether the outcome of this decision was inevitable once the parties agreed that the relevant public for assessing the marks was "the French-speaking public with no command of Danish, Bulgarian or Greek".
Where a figurative mark represents a letter of an alphabet, careful consideration needs to be given by a mark owner or applicant as to how that mark will be considered or understood by consumers who have no familiarity with the language to whose alphabet the mark belongs.
Defining the relevant public can be crucially important if the application is for a mark that represents a letter in a particular alphabet
Knowledge of a foreign language cannot be assumed
If the relevant public does not speak the foreign language of the applied-for letter/alphabet, then a phonetic and conceptual comparison will not be possible
Brian Conroy, a Trade Mark Attorney at Keltie, co-authored this article.
David Yeomans
Keltie LLP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Linden Tree Retreat & Ranch is the only genuine working guest ranch in Croatia, surrounded by 200,000 hectares of the UNESCO Velebit Nature Park. The ranch, located within the Velebit rewilding area, offers a range of equestrian adventures through the picturesque mountains, valleys and coastal landscapes of Velebit. In 2013, Rewilding Europe supported the expansion of Linden Tree through Rewilding Europe Capital. Now, two years later, Linden Tree received an Excellence Award by TripAdvisor and recognition from the world travel market. Find out more in this blog by Megi Yerkovich, one of the Linden Tree owners.
Linden Tree Retreat & Ranch in the Velebit Mountains rewilding area, Croatia.
During the 2015 season there was real action going on at Linden Tree Retreat & Ranch. Apart from twice as many visitors as in the year before, Linden Tree crew pushed the limits by adding more activities and variety to the programmes, providing more adventures for our guests. Opening in late March and closing the high season in October, this was the longest season we had until now. We enjoyed the company of our guests coming from all four corners of the world. Every year we add a few more countries to the list and this year for the first time we had guests from Monaco and Liechtenstein!
Horseback riding through Velebit rewilding landscape, offered by Linden Tree.
Our famous Ultimate Cowboy Adventure now covers 9 days, 6 of which are spent high up in the mountains. We no longer rely on mountain huts for overnight accommodation. This year we went hard-core and traditional, moving our tented camp every night and staying off the beaten track, deep into the mountains and forests. Both guests and staff kept the fire and held watch all night long to keep horses safe from wild animals that otherwise, more out of curiosity than hunger, might have taken an interest in them. We enjoyed good camaraderie on the trails and made new friends and fantastic memories.
Bruce Yerkovich, owner of Linden Tree (3rd from left) with guests at Linden Tree.
We had many more families with children this year than in the years before and it was amazing to see how the young ones embrace ranch life and quickly make friends with animals that live at Linden Tree. Their spontaneity is contagious and for next year, we are planning to create a children friendly Indian village out of our decommissioned tipis. Having a playground of their own and an a small oasis for their adventures will enable the parents to explore the area on a horseback or enjoy reading a good book in the Secret Garden knowing the children are also having a good time.
During 2015 we added three more horses to our string of ponies, and now have 14 unique and different animals. Donna, our broodmare, although 25, is pregnant. She was sired by a giddy young Arab stallion this spring and will deliver her 5th foal sometimes in late April next year. Bruce, my husband and partner, continues to pursue his passion of breeding what he calls 'a perfect mountain horse', a medium built horse with strong hoofs, eager temperament and intelligent small head, set on a medium neck and wide shoulders. He is getting closer to his dream horse as the years go by.
Unique gastronomic experience offered by Linden Tree.
Throughout the year we experienced many exciting developments in our ranch and worldwide recognition of our work. We received the Excellence Award by TripAdvisor, a reputable review site where guests leave a feedback about their experience here at the ranch. Michelin, famous not only for its tires but also for its restaurant guide is considering Linden Tree for its next edition. Michelin heard about the high-end cuisine and innovative dishes we prepare and serve here at the ranch. In our kitchen, we only use locally sourced ingredients procured from our neighbours and farmers as well as from the nature that surrounds us. Guests from Michelin enjoyed dishes made from wild edibles and my special homemade lemonade that I prepare daily for our visitors. Many of the guests asked for my secret recipe but I explained it would not be a secret anymore if I told them. Whether we made it into their guidebook, we will know sometimes next year.
Last but probably most exciting news is that we are invited to join a distinguished club called The Long Run Initiative, run by Zeitz Foundation, a non-profit founded in 2008 by Jochen Zeitz; he is a prominent German entrepreneur and businessman who is on a mission to support a world of conscience business dedicated to create a sustainable world. The Long Run is also a home of GER, Global Ecosphere Retreats, the elite club of only 9 destinations in the world, who are leaders in the way they run their operations – where goodness of nature, people and commerce are all in balance. Linden Tree has pledged to become a 10th destination on this short list that adheres to these strong guidelines.
To that extend and to keep up with demand from our guests we are planning a major expansion in 2016, aiming to build a new restaurant, a gift shop and more accommodation. This is an ambitious plan but we are confident that new facilities and new programmes that are being developed will add new value for our guests, especially those who keep coming back year after year. As we grow their favourite ranch, they help us grow our passion for the work we do.
If you want to find out more about our ranch, or are already planning a vacation in the depth of Velebit rewilding area visit our web page here or contact us directly at megi@LindenRetreat.com.
Click here to see how your business could also receive support! Get more information about Rewilding Europe Capital, a funding facility providing development loans to new and existing businesses that leverage opportunities created by and contribute to the emerging rewilding movement across Europe.


If you've never heard of a phone usage app, don't worry, it's not tricky. It's just an app that tracks how much you use your phone and shows you how much you actually use it. It can also help you try to lower the time you spend on the phone.
For today, just try to limit your phone usage to two hours a day total. That means emails, Twitter, Facebook and everything else. It's not as hard as you think, so go for it.
You do it, I do it, we all do it. We take our phones out while we're walking. For this day, try to keep your phone in your pocket or bag. Not only will you find yourself actually paying attention to where you are, you'll probably notice a few cool things about your surroundings.
It is important to make a rule when you are out with friends, everyone has to leave their phones in your bag or pocket.
Take today and pamper yourself after 9 pm. Run a hot bath, watch a movie or read a book. Take that time you'd normally spend catching up on the day's news and spend it on taking care of yourself. Trust me, you'll feel better.
I don't know about you, but I'm not a fan of notifications. It instills this idea of urgency within me that I can't shake. So I'll join you in turning off notifications today.
This might be hard for you but trust in the process. Your notifications are going to make you feel like the digital world is more important than the real world, and it's not. Hang in there, your week is nearly over.
Do you remember when you were a kid and you were bored so you made up your own fun? Let's go back to that feeling, just for today. Don't use your phone at all today when you're alone.
You'll be amazed at how much time you've actually got when you're not on your phone. You can cook or write that short story or even actually go on a nice, relaxing walk.
Today will be the hardest day, but I'm right here with you. I've done this and I can tell you it's not as painful as it sounds. Are you ready?
A few days of not charging your phone is going to feel like a breath of fresh air. I recommend doing this but completely recharging with a short staycation or a holiday. Once you come back to your phone, you'll be refreshed and relaxed, so enjoy the time you have without it.


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Karen Andrews MP
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Strengthening trainer and assessor skills
Australia's vocational education and training (VET) sector is set to benefit from strengthened training requirements for trainers and assessors. Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills, Karen Andrews, today announced new requirements to boost the credentials of those providing training and assessments in the VET sector. "We all have a stake in building the capacity…
Submissions open for review of vocational education regulation
Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills Karen Andrews has invited the public to make submissions to a review of vocational education regulation. The review of the National Vocational Education and Training Regulator Act 2011, led by Professor Valerie Braithwaite, was announced in June and will examine whether the Act supports a responsive, effective and…
Full VET Student Loans program gets underway
THEHON KAREN ANDREWS MP Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills Federal Member for McPherson MEDIA RELEASE 1 July 2017 Full VET Student Loans program gets underway Today marks the end of the six month transition period to an affordable, sustainable and student-focused vocational education and training (VET) student loans program. Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills Karen Andrews…
Local volunteer organisation providing vital service for sick newborn babies receives federal grant
A Gold Coast organisation that provides vital assistance to sick and premature babies has secured a $20,000 federal grant that will allow the group to continue providing the important service. Federal Member for McPherson, Karen Andrews, announced today the funding was being made available to the Mothers' Milk Bank, based at the southern Gold Coast..…
Unduly Short Courses Risk to Training Sector
The long-term quality of Australia's vocational education and training (VET) sector is at risk unless the issue of unduly short training is definitively addressed, a new report has found. Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills, Karen Andrews, today welcomed the release of the findings of the Australian Skills Quality Authority's (ASQA) national strategic review…
Supporting Younger Veterans Grants announced
Federal Member for McPherson, Karen Andrews, announced today that younger veterans would benefit from an innovative local project on the southern Gold Coast that has received Federal Government funding. Mrs Andrews said Currumbin RSL will receive $24,013.00 for a project to employ a coordinator to create and deliver a program which provides opportunities for younger…
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Inaugural VET in schools forum, promoting new opportunities for students
Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills, Karen Andrews, today officially opened the inaugural VET in Schools Forum hosted by Trinity Grammar School in Sydney. The forum brings together educators, training providers and work placement organisations to discuss the promotion of pathways and career opportunities vocational education offers school students. "This is a terrific initiative…
Call for university maths and science students to act as STEM ambassadors
Assistant Minister for Vocational Education and Skills, Karen Andrews, has encouraged university maths and science students to act as ambassadors for STEM subjects in their local communities. Minister Andrews made the comments while officially opening the Australians Maths and Science Institute winter school at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane that's attracted students from…
Time for Boral to accept the will of the people on Tallebudgera quarry proposal
Federal Member for McPherson, Karen Andrews, has expressed disappointment in Boral's decision to continue its legal fight for its proposed hard rock quarry in the Tallebudgera Valley. Mrs Andrews has long been a vocal opponent of the quarry that has already been rejected by Gold Coast City Council and last month by the Planning and…
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PROPERTY IS HEAVILY WOODED. NO RESTRICTIONS- MOBILE HOMES ARE OK! ADDRESS WILL BE 154 WATSON AVENUE. Great location, close to Boiling Springs Walmart and the shopping. Buyer or agent is responsible about filing for the septic tank approval. 154,160,166 Watson Ave. can all be purchased in 1 package(3 buildable lots)Seller financing may be available if one buyer purchases all three lots. 20% to 30% down and finance at 7% with 5 year balloon. FOR SHOWING: Access from Watson Ave.


En estos días estoy leyendo el excelente "The Quantum Revolution: A Historical Perspective", de Kent A. Peacock. Es parte de lo que estoy estudiando como apoyo de mi serie Hacia la Mecánica Cuántica. Además, en estas semanas, han aparecido biografías de científicos relacionadas con el tema, publicadas acá en Argentina por el diario La Nación, como reimpresión de una serie española de RBA. Y ayer sábado, en esa serie, apareció el volumen que buscaba: la biografía de Dirac, un personaje fascinante de esta historia. Y además sigo estudiando el "paper" original de Heisenberg, para la serie Entendiendo a Heisenberg.
The history of a major branch of science like quantum physics can be viewed in several ways. The most basic approach to see the history of quantum mechanics is as the story of the discovery of a body of interrelated facts (whatever a "fact" is), but we can also view our story as a history of the concepts of the theory, a history of beautiful though sometimes strange mathematical equations, a history of scientific papers, a history of crucial experiments and measurements, and a history of physical models. But science is also a profoundly human enterprise; its development is conditioned by the trends and accidents of history, and by the abilities, upbringing, and quirks of its creators. The history of science is not just a smooth progression of problems being solved one after the other by highly competent technicians, who all agree with each other about how their work should be done. It is by no means clear that it is inevitable that we would have arrived where we are now if the history of science could be rerun. Politics, prejudice, and the accidents of history play their part (as we shall see, for instance, in the dramatic story of David Bohm). Thus, the history of quantum mechanics is also the story of the people who made it, and along the way I will sketch brief portraits of some of these brilliant and complex individuals.
Quantum mechanics is one of the high points in humanity"s ongoing attempt to understand and cope with the vast and mysterious universe in which we find ourselves, and the history of modern physics—with its failures and triumphant insights—is one of the great stories of human accomplishment of our time.
Eso es lo fascinante de la historia de la mecánica cuántica (que para mí abarca hasta alrededor de 1935, luego sigue la física cuántica en general, con la aparición de física de campos cuánticos y derivados, teorías gauge, modelo estándar y demás). No conozco a qué se refería con la "dramática historia" de David Bohm, si a su persecución política, o a sus episodios de depresión, con tratamiento eléctrico.
Pero así es la historia de la ciencia: no hay un progreso liso, constante, sino que es el entrecruzar de ideas, conceptos, modelos, prejuicios y actitudes humanas. La ciencia es una actividad humana, no el producto directo y claro de seguir unos pasos predeterminados. Hay creatividad, sentimiento e imaginación. Y trabajo duro, experimentos, recolección de datos, mejores instrumentos, y la humana actividad de creación de modelos explicativos de la realidad encontrada.


Fire crews say the blaze started in the back of a home on California Avenue before spreading to the rest of the home.
Four people were inside at the time and paramedics treated three of them for minor injuries.
Firefighters say the home had no smoke detectors and that is probably why the victims did not get out faster.


I started thinking about RSS and XML formats in general back in 2002. I hoped to get the campus to adopt the format for slicing and dicing feeds of content and make small "N" news better distributed. For example, I watched the various seminar announcements in WSU Announcements and imagine that if there were an RSS of them, seperate from all the other stuff, and if all the molecular bio ones were together, regardless of college, they would be more effective in getting the work out to the narrow audience who is interested.
Now, with the upcoming launch of the WSU mySites, and the ability for users to make personal pages and place XML renderers on those pages, the potential for RSS grows– it has become more of a roll-your-own reader environment, with the reader technology (which has been readily available to the cognoscenti for years) now imbedded in a University platform.
The work to do remains selling people on making their news in RSS formats, segregated into finely divided streams. Blogging does this well for individuals. I've previously speculated on the tools to aggregate and display these feeds. It seems time to re-analyze this space and devise a new effort to promote RSS as a vehicle to networking.
This entry was posted on July 31, 2006 at 6:13 am and is filed under Collaborative Tech, Commentary.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Rising Above Challenges to Become a Star
by Lydia Lohshini	on Jun 28, 2017
Runner up of The Apartment Rising Star Edition, Winston See talks about the show, challenges and the lessons he's learned. The reality show contestant who runs his own interior design firm will explain to you why you should not buy off the shelf furniture pieces if you want a home that feels personal.
As a youngster, Winston See delved into the world of The Sim's and found his passion for building homes. What started out as a game became a platform for him to find his voice through design.
Years on, Winston is not only the runner up of The Apartment's Rising Star Edition, he is also the creative force behind many projects from residential homes to property designing. With his clients being his biggest inspirations, there is no doubt he is a rising star in the industry today.
We caught up with Winston recently as he spoke to us about the lessons he learned on the show and how a life simulation computer game changed his life.
How was your experience as a contestant on AXN's The Apartment?
I think it was an amazing experience as a whole. I'm an introvert, so being on set in a production was life changing. You watch all these reality TV shows and you'll be wondering how things happen and I was able to experience it, it was amazing.
SOURCE: theapartmenttv.com
What have been the most challenging moments for you on the show?
I think the 12 personalities, everyone is so diverse, and different. So there were some people who had strong personalities, it isn't wrong, but the process of compromising requires strategy and was another challenge on its own, apart from the design work.
I didn't quite know how the show worked so we assumed there would be a handy man on set to help with the work. Boy, were we wrong! We only had 15 hours (per challenge); we underestimated the time and had to be all hands on deck but it got better after a few episodes.
What was the biggest or most valuable lesson that you gained from the show?
I think the judges constantly challenge us to go out of our comfort zones. I learned to pursue new ideas, think outside the box and have fun with it. In terms of design philosophy, nothing was really different but I'm grateful for the other contestants who have become friends.
In one of the episodes, we saw you and your team build a custom shelving unit to specifically fit the your client's style. Do you believe in implementing the same idea as an Interior Designer, creating custom pieces that reflect your clients?
It's something we (Paperspace) have done prior to the show. We custom make units and furniture pieces for our clients because we believe all these little details will contribute to providing a really cohesive space for our clients. If we buy off shelves, they're not personalised. By making custom or DIY units we can really showcase the personality of the clients in their space.
Apart from The Sims, what has inspired you to take on this role?
I believe clients are my biggest inspiration. I will give my input as a designer but I look at every project as a collaboration. I take a step back and actually listen to my clients' stories and I put that first.
As an architect and interior designer, how would you describe the style of your work?
Coming from an architectural background, I think my work is steeped in context. That is when you actually study the site, where the house is, and what the site offers in terms of weather, view, and such because that impacts your energy consumption and the way you design the space. That's when my interior design experience comes into play, you start putting in the personality of the client as well. So that's my style, context, and personality.
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Home/News / Cargill to acquire Northstar Grain LLC assets
Cargill to acquire Northstar Grain LLC assets
Company plans Initial investment of $3 million for upgrades
DECATUR, Mich. – June 17, 2013 – Cargill said it has reached an agreement to acquire the grain storage and crop inputs assets of Northstar Grain LLC and associated properties in Decatur in southwest Michigan.
The assets will be acquired from Northstar Grain LLC. The transaction is expected to be completed by the end of June, pending routine due diligence. Terms were not disclosed.
"Our ownership of these assets will mean that farmers will gain a competitive market for their grain, as well as an expert crop inputs team from a company that they can rely on," said Ben Breazeale, leader of the Greater Indiana Farm Service group of Cargill AgHorizons U.S. "We also bring to the table industry-leading risk management products, personalized on-farm grain marketing services and excellent customer service.
The assets include 4.5million bushels of storage space for corn, soybeans and wheat, and a crop inputs business. The site is served by the Norfolk Southern railroad, which provides access to markets in the eastern and southeastern United States.
"We have had a sales presence in southwest Michigan for a number of years," Breazeale said. "We have Farm Marketers and Grain Marketing Advisors who cover the area who can help farmer customers with all aspects of their business. Our crop inputs team will be another valuable resource for producers."
Cargill will initially invest about $3 million in upgrades to the facility to complete the construction of a 500,000 bushel storage bin and increase the capability to ship 75-car unit trains. "We look forward to notably increasing the competitiveness of this facility as a market for our future customers and connecting it to the extensive grain and oilseeds supply chains we serve," Breazeale said.
Mark Klein, (952) 742-6211, [email protected]
Cargill is an international producer and marketer of food, agricultural, financial and industrial products and services. Founded in 1865, the privately held company employs 142,000 people in 65 countries. Cargill helps customers succeed through collaboration and innovation, and is committed to applying its global knowledge and experience to help meet economic, environmental and social challenges wherever it does business. For more information, visit www.cargill.com.


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6 Lovely Children's Books About Asian American Culture
May is Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, and it's the perfect time to discover some new stories about Asian people, places, food and culture.
Jolie A. Doggett
Reporter, HuffPost Life
May 20, 2019, 05:45 AM EDT | Updated May 11, 2022
Only 7% of all kids books published in 2016 featured Asian American characters.
I have a distinct memory of being in fifth grade and reading a book unlike any other I'd read before. It was a short story about a young Chinese immigrant who identified herself as Shirley Temple Wong. She didn't understand the point of the pledge of allegiance, got into fights with bullies on the playground and overcame it all thanks to her one good friend, her family, and her hero, baseball legend Jackie Robinson.
Until then, I'd never read a story with an Asian American main character that discussed immigration, discrimination and Chinese culture.
I was enamored with the story, "In The Year Of The Boar And Jackie Robinson," and I wanted more. Unfortunately, it was tough to find another story about Asian kids and cultures in my school library. Nearly 20 years later, only 7% of kids books published in 2016 featured Asian American characters, according to the Children's Cooperative Book Center.
Whether your child is into looking at pretty pictures or has already advanced to small chapter books, these reads are sure to get them excited and curious about a world beyond their own —or reassure them that there are stories out there about kids with struggles just like theirs.
"In The Year Of The Boar And Jackie Robinson" by Bette Bao Lord (ages 10 and up)
My childhood favorite was published in 1984, but the lessons still resonate today. "In The Year Of The Boar And Jackie Robinson" will make a great first chapter book for any avid young reader eager for a story about immigrant culture, tolerance and overcoming adversity.
"Apple Pie 4th of July" by Janet S. Wong and Margaret Chodos-Irvine (ages 5 and up)
This book will leave readers hungry for more stories of good food and family fun. The narrator of this colorful kid's book just wants to eat apple pie on the Fourth of July. Instead, her Chinese parents insist on preparing and serving noodles and pork while everyone around her is eating ice cream. But is it all really as unpatriotic as she thinks?
"The Name Jar" by Yangsook Choi (ages 10 and up)
Unhei is sick and tired of people pronouncing her Korean name incorrectly. Why does she have to have that name anyway? What would happen if she decided to change her name? In this book, young readers will learn the answers to these questions and discover that being different can be a good thing.
"Pepper Zhang: Artist Extraordinaire!" by Jerry Zhang (ages 5 and up)
Jerry Zhang
When Jerry Zhang's daughter told him she didn't want to be Chinese, he created a Chinese hero she could look up to. Not every book about Asian American heritage has to be about the struggle of fitting in. "Pepper Zhang" is a colorful read that proves Asian stories can be silly, fun, entertaining and extraordinary.
"Hot, Hot Roti for Dada-ji" by F. Zia (ages 5 and up)
Aneel's grandfather coming to visit can only mean two things: good food and good stories. Beautifully illustrated and even more beautifully written, "Hot, Hot Roti for Dada-ji" will open up your kid's imagination and get them craving more tales of Indian food and adventure.
"The Great Wall Of Lucy Wu" by Wendy Wan-Long Shang (ages 10 and up)
Lucy Wu thought she was going to have the perfect sixth-grade year, but she was sadly mistaken. Her dreams of becoming a basketball star, an interior designer and of finally getting her own room are shattered when her great aunt Yi Po comes for an extended stay. But Lucy eventually learns that even the darkest clouds have silver linings. Preteen and advanced young readers will be hooked on this children's book about bullying, family and friendship.
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Salasaca
Salasaca - Religion and Expressive Culture
Religious Beliefs. Traditionally, Salasaca saw the sun, Inti-yaya, as their father, who gives them life. The moon, Quilla-mama, was the mother. Wild and domestic animals and the surrounding mountains played an important part in their conception of the universe. In the early 1940s a Catholic priest lived among the Salasaca for several years. Shortly afterward Madres Lauritas established themselves in the community and built a school and a convent. At about the same time the evangelical Christian and Missionary Alliance built a church on the opposite side of the road. Today Salasaca traditional beliefs are synchronized with Catholicism, whereas the Evangelical church has only a few followers.
Religious Practitioners. Apart from the Catholic priest, the alcaldes are regarded as religious leaders. The curador (curer) and the brujo also deal with the supernatural world. The favors of good spirits can be obtained by paying for a mass, by lighting candles, or by sprinkling blessed water in sacred locations. Evil spirits dwell in black animals and in looms. A particularly dangerous spirit, Koko, inhabits large ovens, large trees, stones, deserted houses, and rabbit holes (uticos). Protection against evil spirits is obtained by keeping blessed water and onions on the patio.
Ceremonies. Apart from boda, rites de passage that mainly concern the family (for example, baptism, first haircut, first trousers, marriage, and burial), the Salasaca practice a cycle of twelve major religious fiestas that involve a greater number of people than are involved in the boda. Half of these fiestas are sponsored by the alcaldes and the other half by ordinary men who, through sponsorship, gain social status and prestige. The most important ceremony of all, which concerns every Salasaca, is the aya caray on All Souls' Day, when food and drink is symbolically shared with dead family members.
Arts. Ideas are artistically expressed in, for example, the embroideries on men's trousers and in the patterns on woven belts. Designs depict important animals and constellations of stars in the mythology. In this way, beliefs are exhibited on everyday clothes and ceremonial dresses. Traditional dances and instruments, like the bocina , which is made from a bull's horn, and cupuli leaves are important in all ceremonies. Contemporary national music is increasingly appreciated, however. Lullabies are sung to children. Several folklore groups have been formed to perform music, dance, and drama.
Medicine. Diseases are thought to be transmitted by evil spirits. The curador uses a wide variety of medical plants and often resorts to the purification rite using a guinea pig. Knowledge of herbal medicine is impressive, and such remedies are often effective. The Salasaca fear hospitals and rarely go to them. There is a government-sponsored medical post in the center of the parish.
Death and Afterlife. The cosmos is divided into three spheres: pamba, which is life on earth; hauapacha, which is the place where Jesus lives with the good spirits; and hukupacha, where demons, the evil spirits, and a dwarflife being called pipon, dwell. Burial is regarded as the most important ritual in the life cycle. After death, a person goes first to hauapacha, where Jesus will decide if he or she is allowed to stay or should continue to hukupacha and stay there forever. If the person is unfortunate, he or she has to pass Mama Abuela, the Tungurahua volcano, where he or she has to eat a meal of black beetles before proceeding to hukupacha.
Salasaca forum
" Rikbaktsa Saliva


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Q: How to check if the app had opened by clicking a universal link or not in the didFinishLaunchingWithOptions method currently I'm working on a swift project. Here I implemented deep linking using universal link for verify my email address. And it's working fine. What I need is how to check whether if the app is opened by clicking the universal link or not. Because in the didFinishLaunchingWithOptions method, I'm checking like whether the user is already logged in or not. And if the user is logged in I'm navigating to the home screen else navigating to the login screen. And the checking is happening in the
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool

method. And when I click the universal link I also get the callback in
func application(_ application: UIApplication, continue userActivity: NSUserActivity, restorationHandler: @escaping ([Any]?) -> Void) -> Bool

method. And in this method i'm navigating to email verification screen
But the problem is when I click the universal link, it open my app and its navigating to the login screen(because the user is not logged in) and then immediately navigating the email verification screen. Actually, what I need is I don't what to navigate to the login screen or home screen if I came to the app by clicking the universal link. Please help me.

A: You can try checking the launchOptions available in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions delegate for the key

UIApplicationLaunchOptionsURLKey
  A key indicating that the app was
  launched so that it could open the specified URL.

A: When opens with deep linking below method triggers in AppDelegate
 func application(_ app: UIApplication, open url: URL, options: [UIApplication.OpenURLOptionsKey : Any]) -> Bool {
      //Enter Logic Here based on your URL
 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Make a meal out of one of our special food, wine, and drink events that highlight our region's flavors! You'll find chef-inspired beer dinners, wine tasting adventures, holiday-themed restaurant menus, hoppy happy hours, and more.
Our vineyard, breweries, and distilleries are often the backdrop for foodie festivals. Whether it's a block party dedicated to craft beer or a vineyard rock concert, our drinks like to take the stage. Our proximity to farms and fresh produce offer not only incredible seasonal menus but fun family activities like apple harvests and pumpkin picking!
Refreshing, flavorful, just plain delicious. These are a few of the adjectives that describe our food and drink events!


Inspector Felix Zhou Xun proud to be the only police of Asian origin in the state of Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. For years, he has been teaching martial father with Viet Vo Dao .
Felix Zhou Xun, born in Halle, 23 years old this year is the police inspector. Felix's father is Chu Tan Cuong, Vietnamese grandmaster man and his mother is German. For years, he has been teaching martial father under Viet Vo Dao. He has repeatedly been invited to perform martial arts for German TV. Over 1 year, Felix Zhou Xun perform inspection tasks in the city police and the district Bernburg Salzlandkreis, but from next September, he will move to Halle, where the family lived. Here, he also has a brother and three of his half sister. All of you are the father is Chu Tan Cuong Dai sensei taught martial should be very close, intimate with each other. Chu Tan Cuong, 53 years old, has been studying martial arts since childhood in Hanoi, Vietnam, then to university in Halle.
Felix Zhou Xun perform at the Festival "Integration and Development".
In the 1980s, he studied martial arts Vietnam improvements to conform with the structure of the European body. Shortly after German reunification, Chu Tan Cuong opened the first martial arts school and has so far opened 20 schools throughout Germany. He repeatedly been invited to perform on television and so far, he has established 15 world records. He was invited as a consultant for many business leaders as well as Interior Minister Holger Stahlknecht Saxony-Anhalt.
Although not by the father, Felix Zhou Xun also been invited to perform on television station Pro 7 and MDR. He has also founded two record on the television program showed his ability to master his body. Felix Zhou Xun said, it is important to keep the balance of yin and yang, keep the balance between intellectual and physical, that is the premise of learning martial arts.
But the most important thing is qigong. Breathing properly have a decisive impact, but one must have the discipline to focus and be able to learn new techniques Inspector Felix Zhou Xun police also said Vietnam Vo Dao studies can be useful to him in life private life as well as in the work of the police, especially in difficult situations, forcing a police inspector to be calm, master of the situation and act urgently.
At the Festival of Integration and Development in Dong Xuan trade center last June 28, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Germany, Felix Zhou Xun also attended and performed more Items used two broken arms and two piles of bricks, each stack of 15 members, impress on visitors.


1. Wound healing – Selenium benefits include providing anti-inflammatory effects and speedy wound healing.
2. Cancer – The essential trace mineral is shown to reduce the risk of cancer by affecting the DNA in damaged cells. It is shown to effectively reduce the spreading of lung, prostrate and colorectal cancers.
3. AIDS prevention – Lack of selenium is shown to cause the acceleration of the disease and hence HIV/ AIDS patients are often prescribed supplements by their doctors.
4. Blood pressure – Affects the hormones that regulate blood pressure.
5. Sexual health – Regulates the production of sperm and motility and hence is important for sexual health in men.
6. Arthritis – Selenium's anti-inflammatory properties are shown to reduce inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
7. Infections – Antioxidant property of selenium boosts the immune system and increases the body's capability to fight infections.
8. Depression – Several studies have shown selenium benefits can include improvement in the mood. Therefore, a selenium supplement is often suggested along with zinc for reducing depression.
9. Heart problems – As an antioxidant, it lowers LDL oxidation, reducing the risk of coronary heart diseases.
10. Selenium binds toxic heavy metals in the body like copper, mercury and arsenic and aids their elimination from the body.
Although there are many selenium benefits, in high quantities the mineral can do harm to the body. Selenium toxicity is rare but can be possible in case of supplement overdose. Some side effects are weight gain, stomach problems, nausea, fatigue and hair and nail loss.


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This next one is Thang Ta see Wikipedia.
What an awesome training ritual from Manupur. I spent a few days with some Manupuri dance masters in Calcutta, they were awesome. It is a bit like Kathak but with lots of jumping.
And here is a documentry!