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Hate crimes, communal polarisation can damage India's polity: Manmohan Singh
Addressing a function to mark the 75th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, Singh recalled Gandhi's words that "nothing is more important than the unity and integrity of our nation" and that "secularism is the bedrock of our nationhood".
By: Express News Service | New Delhi | Published: August 21, 2019 2:31:38 am
Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Unpleasant trends like growing intolerance, communal polarisation and incidents of hate crimes can damage India's polity as they are repugnant to the promotion of peace, national integration and communal harmony, former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said on Tuesday.
The former Prime Minister spoke about some disturbing trends that India has been witnessing over the past few years. "These unpleasant trends of growing intolerance, communal polarisation, growing incidence of violent crimes propelled by hatred of certain groups and of mobs taking the law in their own hands can only damage our polity," he said.
"They are repugnant to the promotion of peace, national integration and communal harmony, which are cherished objectives enshrined in our Constitution. All of us need to reflect on how we can contribute to arresting these trends," Singh said.
Singh said Rajiv Gandhi's birth anniversary is an occasion to remember the values of broad secular outlook, spirit of tolerance, commitment to communal harmony and empathy to others. He said Rajiv Gandhi lived by these values, which were essentially those that defined India's nationhood. "Our homage to Rajiv should not only be a remembrance of his extraordinary personality and contribution to nation building — it should also be marked by a reaffirmation of our commitment to abide by these very values," he said.
Arguing that Rajiv Gandhi was the "one who truly set the direction for equipping our nation for entering the new millennium with a progressive, modern and scientific outlook," he said that "major strides in communication and information technology, in strengthening democracy at the grass roots level, in education, in ending decade-old insurgency movement in Mizoram, in opening a fresh dialogue with China, in launching the technology missions, and in many other areas, have been the direct results of his vision and efforts, and have given us today a firm platform to launch further initiatives for growth and development."


Here are the top short stories, fanfiction, poetry, and posts about deception on Commaful, including topics like "ai", "outcast", and more. Click here to sign up for more stories about deception.
A practice poem, to see if I should continue writing poetry.
Your perception deceives you. Copyright 2018 © by miyasmind All rights reserved.
Wrap me in your blanket of lies As I lay my head down on your pillow of deception.
therainierAmateur writer and poet. Bye feelings!
The deception of the midnight thoughts.
Story about suspicions & truth in the eyes.
Out of Con/texts. Who are they really ?
Your wife isn't carrying your baby, she's carrying mine. She wanted me to marry her but I had to decline.


O Laureate head of George IV left, truncated at the base of the neck. Short hair with rough curls with the wreath tied behind with a riband having two loops and one loose end which hangs down and then bends forward across part of his neck. 1826 below between two oval, beaded ornaments. Rounded-tooth border with a narrow, raised rim.


Chafer/ The Terms of Salvation/ Incorrect requirements/ Part 6: "Believe and Implore God to Save"
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The soft, fleshy nature of Merlot partners well with medium to heavy food dishes. The palate is rich and smooth, with dark berry fruits and a layer of integrated oak. A complex nose showing berry fruits and spice, with a little vanilla creaminess.
This low yielding variety is ideal for the cool maritime climate of Mt.Compass which contributed to this soft velvety mouth feel of the Merlot.
The soft, fleshy nature of Merlot partners well with medium to heavy food dishes. Try some with a rich tomato pasta dish, roasted meats or Mediterranean vegetables, or even a creamy mushroom ristotto.
The palate is rich and smooth, with dark berry fruits and a layer of integrated oak. A complex nose showing berry fruits and spice, with a little vanilla creaminess.
Grown in the Southern Fleurieu in glacial sands over ironstone, on a vertically shoot positioned trellis with a north-west aspect, 300m above sea level. Harvested in March, 2012.
Matured in French & American oak for 18 months by James Hastwell.


Developer LKA.it and publisher Wired Productions together released Town of Light a fictional story about a 16-year-old girl who has a mental illness. While of course trying to make a game that is enjoyable to play, LKA.it was also trying to raise compassion and awareness for people who have a mental illness. In this regard, they have launched a free demo in an attempt to get more people to play through their game and understand the plights that people with mental illness go through.


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June 26, 2017 Announcements
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The Student Activities Center's renovations, expected to be completed in Summer 2018, will include nearly 33,000 square feet of additional space, 16 new meeting rooms, expanded retail space and dining facilities, a new façade and more. Read more here.
FACULTY AND STAFF NOTABLES
Dr. Ricky Jones, professor and chair of the Pan-African Studies Department, has been appointed to the Citizen's Commission on Police Accountability.
UofL Today with Mark Hebert
WHAS-TV, Great Day Live
Mondays at 9:30 a.m. UofL's Mark Hebert has a story about UofL and talks with Rachel Platt and Terry Meiners about campus events. Segments can be found on YouTube. WHAS-TV and WLKY-TV also run the UofL stories in their Monday afternoon and Saturday morning newscasts, respectively.
Monday, June 26: Every summer UofL hosts 2,800 incoming freshmen and their parents for a two day orientation session. The new Cardinals register for classes, learn about on campus services and have some fun too.
Airs Mondays and Tuesdays at 6 p.m. on 93.9 FM TheVille; replayed on Saturday and Sunday mornings. Podcasts can be found at https://soundcloud.com/uofl. This week:
Monday, June 26: The number of hip and knee replacements has skyrocketed in recent years. UofL's Dr. Art Malkani is a surgeon who specializes in joint replacements and doing research on them. Tim Dowling is an astronomy professor who follows discoveries in space and talks about the upcoming solar eclipse.
Tuesday, June 27: Jason Naylor is an atmospheric science professor and former storm chaser who is an expert on violent weather. Paul Himes and Deborah Yoder-Himes are biology professors studying antibiotic resistant bacteria in local water sources. META CT is a company that grew out of UofL's entrepreneurship MBA program. The CEO is Nick McRae.
Metro TV and KET KY – The Kentucky Channel
(Metro TV – Ch. 99 on UVerse, Ch. 25 on TWC): Monday and Tuesday nights at 7:30, Thursday 6:30 p.m., Friday 8:30 p.m. and Sunday 9:30 p.m. (KET KY – Ch. 192 on TWC, other channels): Thursdays at 5 p.m. Metro TV shows on UofL's YouTube channel.
This week: The Belknap campus might be the most beautiful park in the city. Hear from the guys who supervise the grounds and plantings, Aaron Boggs and Greg Schetler. Army vet and UofL employee Carolyn Furdek came back from Afghanistan and wrote a book about her experience. Alex Gornet is a UofL grad trying to make it as a pro tennis player.
Cards Under the Stars' 'The Lego Batman Movie' is June 30
June 30; Activities begin at 6:30 p.m., movie begins at dark, Natural Sciences Lawn; Free
UofL's free summer movie series returns with "The Lego Batman Movie." Pre-movie activities include children's inflatables, and appearances by the Louisville League of Mascots and Lego Batman. The J.B. Speed School of Engineering will host a table featuring Lego robotics and will hold a drawing for one 2018 Lego Camp scholarship. Concessions will be available for purchase from 502 Café, SnoWhat Snoballs and Get In Your Belly Deli. Families should bring blankets or lawn chairs.
Additional Information: Brandy Warren, 852-8025, calendar listing
Street closures planned on Preston Street downtown
In order to tie in a sanity sewer line, Preston Street will be closed on the weekends of June 25-25, July 1-2, July 8-9 and, if needed, July 15-16. Parking will not be available on Preston Street on these weekends, and vehicular traffic will not be able to pass from Muhammad Ali to Chestnut on Preston. All city-required signage and barricades will be in place on the surrounding streets and pedestrians will have normal access.
SAC serivce drive closed
The service drive beside the SAC along the railroad track will continue to be closed to traffic through July 1. As a part of the SAC construction, an air handler will be replaced which means the basement cap in the service drive will be removed to get the air handler out and install the new one. Persons who park behind the University Club and in the red lot between the Red Barn and University Club should enter from Cardinal Boulevard (the gate will be up to allow access).
Additional information: Tim Moore, 852-8329
Student Affairs' summer issue of Vibrations is now available
Read about the Out of the Darkness Campus Walk, the ACC Leadership Symposium, UofL's designation as a Voter Friendly Campus, The New GEN 202 Course for sophomore students and much more online in the new newsletter.
Room reservations in the Shumaker Research Building
Effective June 27, all reservations for rooms in the Shumaker Research Building should be made via the 25Live Online System.
Additional information: Holly Hogue
NSF.gov, FastLane, Research.gov unavailable June 30-July 4
NSF is moving its Data Center to the Foundation's new headquarters to prepare for NSF staff relocation in August. NSF websites, FastLane and Research.gov will be unavailable from 8 p.m. June 30 through 6 p.m. July 4 EDT. During this period there will be no access to these websites, proposals cannot be submitted in FastLane and project reports and cash requests cannot be submitted in Research.gov. Previously saved information and uploaded documents in FastLane and Research.gov, including in-process proposals and reports, will be accessible after the Data Center move.
Additional information: Website
iRIS grant submission training offered by Office of Research Integrity
June 28, 1:30 p.m.-3:00 p.m., Room E 254, Ekstrom Library, Free
A step-by-step walk-through of the grant submission process using the iRIS system. The training will focus on NIH R-type submissions, though the concepts learned will provide a significant starting point for other types of submissions. RSVP is requested, as space is limited. Training is available for units as a group by request.
Additional information: Aiyana Lyninger
IRB Submission Workshop
June 29, 9 a.m.- noon, Suite 200, MedCenter One, Health Sciences Center, Free
The Human Subjects Protection Program office will be holding open office hours for students, faculty and staff to get assistance with the IRB submission process and the iRIS system. To attend, please RSVP with your name, department, and a brief description of what you need assistance with to hsppofc@louisville.edu. Those attending should bring their own laptop and any submission materials.
Additional information: hsppofc@louisville.edu or 852-5188
Express yourself in GHN's InCycle Express class
Mondays/Wednesdays, 6:30-7 a.m.; Wednesdays/Fridays, 12-12:30 p.m., Get Healthy Now Wellness Center; Free for GHN members
Ramp up your bike routine with upbeat music, a variation of speeds and resistance challenges. This time-efficient class allows you the opportunity to reach your wellness goals faster and burn tons of calories. Suitable for all fitness levels.
Additional Information: Group Fitness Schedule, Website, email, 852-7755
Oddball vegetables to try this summer
Trying a new food is exciting, especially if it's a vegetable you've never seen before. But what is it called? How can you prepare it? And really… what is it? Farmer's market oddballs are a delicious way to make your Meatless Monday extra special or punch up a meal any day of the week.
Additional Information: Meatless Monday recipes, Get Healthy Now Facebook, Get Healthy Now website, email, 852-7755
Talks/Seminars/Symposiums
Canceled: 2017 Neuro-Oncology Symposium
July 8, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., Rudd Heart and Lung Conference Center, Great Halls 1 & 2, Free
The 2017 Neuro-Oncology Symposium scheduled for July 8 has been canceled and will be rescheduled to an undetermined later date. An announcement will be made once a new date is decided.
Additional information: Emily Rollins, 502-407-3226
2017 Presidential Exemplary Multicultural Teaching Award
Deadline for nomination submissions and candidate's form and statement is July 21
The Presidential Exemplary Multicultural Teaching Award is designed to affirm, value, honor and recognize members of the university teaching staff who incorporate multicultural and global perspectives into their scholarship, teaching practices and research; accepts the educational principles that cultural literacy should be infused into the core of scholarly research and that education transmits the cumulative knowledge of human kind in a global society.
Additional information: Cathy Elliott , 852-5417; Gretchen Henry, 852-7937; Website
June 26, East SAC 105L, Free
The Exercise Physiology Program seeks participants for a project that compares squat (deep knee bend) data from a robotic exoskeleton (a prototype of the device seen in the movie Ironman) worn by subjects, to a traditional barbell version of the exercise. Subjects must perform squats with each device. They must be in good health, injury free, and be able to squat 160 pounds with a barbell in good form. Interested parties should contact Dr. John Caruso at 852-6648 or john.caruso@louisville.edu.
Treated or untreated hypertension in children 6 to less than 18 years old
IRB# 14.1112
The Kosair Children's Pediatric Clinical Research Unit (KCPCRU) is conducting a clinical trial looking at the safety and effectiveness of a potential new medicine to treat high blood pressure in children 6 to less than 18 years of age. Eligible participants may be currently treated or untreated for hypertension and will be closely followed by University of Louisville physicians throughout the study. Participants will be compensated for their time and travel.
Additional information: Jackie Perry, 502-629-5123
Childhood obesity in children 10 to less than 14 years old
IRB #13.0334
The UofL Kosair Charities Pediatric Clinical Research Unit at Norton Children's Hospital is conducting a research study to evaluate the effect of an investigational product on childhood obesity. White and African American male and female subjects 10 to less than 14 years old who are overweight, obese or normal weight may be eligible. If a child qualifies to participate, he or she will receive the product or placebo and study related care at no cost. Compensation will be provided for time and travel.
Additional information: Molly Harper at 629-4695 or 620-0000 (pager) or by email
QUESTIONS & SUBMISSIONS
Direct questions about UofL Today to Alicia Kelso, 852-2670, or the Office of Communication & Marketing, 852-6171. The deadline for including a submission in the next day's UofL Today email is noon.
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Alicia Kelso
Alicia Kelso is the director of social media and digital content. She joined UofL in 2015 as director of communications at the Brandeis School of Law. She also serves as a senior contributor at Forbes.com, writing about the restaurant industry, which she has covered since 2010. Her work has been featured in publications around the world, including NPR, Bloomberg, The Seattle Times, Good Morning America and Franchise Asia Magazine.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Eastern slopes of Mt Shanhani, Eastern Chimanimani Mts.
Many-stemmed straggling shrubby herb with stems up to 1 m long. Leaves mostly opposite, lanceolate, spreading, 23-40 mm long, hairless except for a few short hairs on margin or midrib above. Inflorescence 20-30-flowered, head-like but elongating and spike-like up to c. 10 cm in fruit. Calyx with enlarged leaf-like lobe, 2.5-5 mm long. Corolla white, hairless outside; throat and tube a little hairy inside; tube 3.5-5 mm long; lobes more or less lanceolate, 3-4 mm long.
Habitat: Mostly in damp or wet grassy places.
Worldwide distribution: Only known from areas below the Chimanimani Mts in Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
Verdcourt, B. (1988). Rubiaceae, Part 1 Flora Zambesiaca 5(1) Pages 145 - 146.
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2019). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Otiophora lanceolata.


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Advancing Efforts to Hire People with Disabilities Across New York's Economy
Victor Calise, front-left, is one of the authors (photo: @NYCCalise)
In the fairest big city in America, everyone deserves the opportunity to be employed. Unfortunately, the reality is that people with disabilities in the United States are twice as likely to be out of the workforce as their nondisabled peers.
Data collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics at the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the proportion of Americans with disabilities ages 16 to 64 that was employed last year was only 30.4% compared to 74% for non-disabled individuals in the
Max & Murphy Podcast: The 2019 City Charter Commission Narrows Its Focus
(photo: mayor's office)
April 24, 2019 - Max & Murphy Podcast: The 2019 City Charter Commission Narrows Its Focus
The 2019 New York City Charter Revision Commission released its "preliminary staff report" on Tuesday, indicating which areas of city governance and elections the commission will further consider as it prepares to propose changes to voters in November. Gail Benjamin, chair of the 2019 commission, joined the show to discuss the staff report, the commission's work thus far, some of the
We Must Seize Today's Path to Actually Closing Rikers; It May Not Be Here Tomorrow
Speaker Corey Johnson, one of the authors, with Mayor de Blasio (photo: William Alatriste/City Council)
Three years ago, the idea of closing the nine jails on Rikers Island was widely considered impossible. But in April 2017, after an intense campaign by advocates and the findings of an independent commission convened by former City Council Speaker Melissa Mark-Viverito and chaired by Judge Jonathan Lippman, Mayor de Blasio committed to the goal.
Today, we are within hailing distance.
The starting point for closing the Rikers jails is
Earth Day Policy, Examining the Farmworkers' Rights Bill, & More: The Week Ahead in New York Politics, April 22
New York City Hall
What to watch for this week in New York politics:
The latest round of MTA fare hikes are now fully in effect. The changes come as subway service has shown improvements, the state passed a congestion pricing plan and other measures to help bolster MTA finances, and debate heats up about where the transit authority is heading long-term, including the leadership
Special Election Provides Testing Ground for Push to Elect More Women to City Council
The City Council Women's Caucus (photo: @WomensCaucusNYC)
In 2009, there were 18 women in the 51-seat New York City Council. A decade later, after resignations and members term-limited out of office, that number has dropped to just 11, most of whom are serving their second and final term. It's a paltry ratio for a legislative body that prides itself on inclusion and diversity, and one that the "21 in '21" initiative is striving to address.
The nonprofit organization is building a network to boost women seeking local elected
Little-Used Community Land Trust Model for Affordable Housing May See Big Boost
Council Member Rivera (photo: John McCarten/City Council)
Manhattan City Council Member Carlina Rivera is part of a growing coalition of Council members pushing for city government's first major commitment to a seldom-utilized affordable housing model. In the face of rapid gentrification, they say, the city should invest $850,000 in Community Land Trusts, or CLTs, in the city budget currently being negotiated.
Doing so could help advocates and nonprofits acquire land to operate deeply affordable housing and
Max & Murphy Podcast: The City Council Takes on Climate Change
Council Member Constantinides (photo: Jeff Reed/City Council)
April 17, 2019 - Max & Murphy Podcast: The City Council Takes on Climate Change
City Council Member Costa Constantinides joined the show to discuss a package of legislation he's shepherding through the City Council that aim to fight climate change, including by major requirements for reducing building carbon
As Early Childhood Educators Consider Strike, New York City Must Achieve Pay Parity
(photo: Michael Appleton/Mayoral Photography Office)
We know now, more than ever, just how malleable the mind of a young child is, and we understand that the earlier we begin engaging a child's mind, the better off that child will be. Early childhood education can positively impact the academic, social, and emotional development of children, while providing much-needed financial relief for our city's low-income families with children, for whom child care is a major expense.
Our city recognizes the significance early childhood education has, both for
City Council Fire Department Proposals Don't Match Need for Reform
Last week the City Council presented its response to Mayor de Blasio's preliminary budget for the fiscal year that begins on July 1. It proposes to add $1.5 billion in annual operating expenditures and more than $1 billion in capital spending to the budget proposed by the mayor. Among the proposals are four that would significantly increase spending on the Fire Department and for which there is no clear justification other than political expediency. Two of them would not only be expensive, but would
City Council Hears Bill to Expand Public Match in Campaign Finance Program
Council Member Kallos (photo: Emil Cohen/City Council)
The City Council's Committee on Governmental Operations heard testimony on Monday on a bill to expand the public matching funds available to candidates under the city's campaign finance program.
The campaign finance system incentivizes individuals to seek small dollar donations when running for office, matching those contributions with public funds. Under a recent city charter amendment approved by voters, a citywide candidate can receive public funds at an 8-to-1 ratio for the
A Busy Week at the City Council & MTA, Brooklyn Special Election Debates & More: The Week Ahead in New York Politics, April 15
We may get the answer this week as to whether Mayor Bill de Blasio is indeed running for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. The mayor has been visiting early primary/caucus states and saying for weeks that a decision will be coming "sooner rather than later." He stayed in the city this weekend, perhaps preparing for an announcement one way or the other. Stay tuned. De Blasio begins his week
City Council Response to De Blasio Budget Includes Investment in Workers, Cut to ThriveNYC, & Ferry Spending Transparency
The Mayor and the Council in a budget briefing (photo: William Alatriste/City Council)
The City Council on Tuesday released its response to Mayor Bill de Blasio's fiscal year 2020 preliminary budget, calling its own outline "a fiscally responsible plan that safeguards the city's financial future and secures the city's social safety net for New Yorkers." Council Speaker Corey Johnson and Council members are calling for additional reserves and targeted investments, while also saying they've identified roughly $1 billion in savings
Max & Murphy Podcast: City Council Speaker Corey Johnson
Speaker Johnson with Max & Murphy at City Hall (photos: Emil Cohen/City Council)
April 10, 2019 - Max & Murphy Podcast: City Council Speaker Corey Johnson
City Council Speaker Corey Johnson joined Max & Murphy for an extended, wide-ranging onversation about his leadership of the City Council, his relationship with Mayor Bill de Blasio, city budget negotiations,
State Legislature Begins Post-Budget Session, Specialized High Schools Hearing, & More: The Week Ahead in New York Politics, April 8
Mayor Bill de Blasio is back from Nevada and the state Legislature is back in session post-budget. Melissa DeRosa, secretary to Governor Andrew Cuomo, will speak about the administration's accomplishments and priorities and the City Council will pass bills. The first state Senate hearing on the city's
Mark Gjonaj, Bronx City Council Member and Real Estate Player, Blamed 'Progressives' for Not Evicting Tenant Now in Prison for Federal Drug Crimes
City Council Member Mark Gjonaj (photo: Jeff Reed/City Council)
At an April 2018 constituent forum, City Council Member Mark Gjonaj found himself taking a particularly tough question from a community member.
It was a unique problem for the Council member of the tight-knit City Island community of the Bronx, where he is popular. A constituent asked Gjonaj why a notorious heroin dealer was allowed to live and sell drugs in an apartment building previously managed by Gjonaj and owned by Gjonaj's family for
Council Member Grodenchik Faces Formal Consequences for Harassment of Aide
Council Member Grodenchik (photo: Emil Cohen/City Council)
New York City Council Member Barry Grodenchik, a Democrat from Queens, will face formal disciplinary charges after a complaint of sexual harassment against him was found to be credible by the Council's Committee on Standards and Ethics on Thursday.
Council Member Steven Matteo, chair of the standards and ethics committee, announced at a hearing Thursday afternoon that the committee would initiate formal disciplinary proceedings against Grodenchik regarding Section 10.80 of the Council's
Crowded Field Forms for Special City Council Election to Replace Jumaane Williams
Jumaane Williams (photo: John McCarten/City Council)
Jumaane Williams' victory in the February special election for Public Advocate has created a ripple effect, namely a special election for his former City Council seat, representing Brooklyn's Council District 45, set for May 14.
The district encompasses parts of the Central Brooklyn neighborhoods of Flatbush, East Flatbush, Flatlands, Midwood, and Canarsie. According to 2010 Census data, the district is majority black, at 76.1%, with Afro-Caribbeans like Williams making up the bulk of the population.
Council Member Kallos Pushes Next Increase in Matching Funds Available Through Public Campaign Finance System
Council Member Kallos (photo: William Alatriste/City Council)
New York City Council Member Ben Kallos is moving forward with a bill to increase the amount of public funds a candidate running for elected office can receive from the city's campaign finance program, in order to further reduce the influence of big money donors in local political campaigns.
New York City's voluntary campaign finance program matches small dollar donations in order to afford candidates without deep pockets or wealthy donors a more level playing
Giving Our Children Tools to Eat and Live Healthily
(photo: 123rf rawpixel)
It's 10 a.m. in Ms. Montalvo-Teller's second grade science lab at P.S. 75. A group of students are happily scarfing down kale, arugula, and bok choy leaves they grew themselves. While they enjoy their snack, Ms. Montalvo-Teller engages them in a science lesson about what parts of the plant we eat. And, Ms. Montalvo-Teller says, many will then go home and pester their parents to buy more of the tasty greens for dinner.
These kids are getting great food and nutrition education that will help them develop as healthy eaters and
New York City Can't Be Foolish When It Comes to the Census
Council Member Rivera, one of the authors (photo: John McCarten/City Council)
Monday may be April Fool's, but the one thing New Yorkers shouldn't be joking about is the importance of the 2020 Census.
April 1 marks one year until Census Day, and in preparation, elected officials are fanning out throughout the five boroughs to talk to New Yorkers about the importance of participating in the census. You may be asking – why is there so much urgency when we still have a year to get ready to fill out this form?
The census
State Budget Fallout & More: The Week Ahead in New York Politics, April 1
This week will be dominated by dissection of and fallout from the new state budget, a $175.5 billion spending and policy plan agreed to by Governor Andrew Cuomo and the Legislature over the weekend. The budget, which takes
Preliminary Budget Hearings End with City Council Clamor for More Detail on Agency Cuts
OMB Director Hartzog testifies (photo: William Alatriste/NYC Council)
As usual, the City Council's March agenda was mostly dominated by preliminary budget hearings, evaluating the mayor's initial spending plan for the next fiscal year, which begins July 1. This stage of the city budget process started and finished with a general hearing held by the Council's Finance Committee, along with its Capital Budget Subcommittee, with a series of more specific agency- and service-related hearings in between.
The preliminary budget hearings finished where
New York City Needs Real Criminal Justice Reform from Albany
Speaker Johnson, the author (photo: Jeff Reed/City Council)
In New York, you can be locked up based on purported evidence that isn't even disclosed to you, until a trial that can be postponed indefinitely, unless you are wealthy enough to pay your way out. That is the reality under our state's antiquated laws governing cash bail, discovery, and speedy trial. With Democrats truly controlling both houses of the state Legislature and the governorship for the first time in decades, we now have a meaningful opportunity to
When Government Does Support Survivors' Healing
(photo: Jeff Reed/City Council)
The New York City Council on Thursday voted unanimously (47-0) to approve a local law to amend the city's administrative code allowing for the redaction of physicians' names from birth certificates when their medical license has been surrendered or revoked by the state's Office of Professional Medical Conduct. To some, this may seem like administrative
State Budget Due, City Council Hearings on ThriveNYC & Placard Abuse, & More: The Week Ahead in New York Politics, March 25
While the nation's attention is on the Mueller Report, in New York, a state budget is due in just a few days -- by the April 1 start of the new fiscal year -- and negotiations in Albany will take center stage this week. Unresolved issues include what "revenue raisers" will be included, how much will be spent on a variety of programs and services, most notably the two biggest areas of state spending: education and
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The coming of spring is always an exciting time of year for the herbal enthusiast. Here in Southern California, most herbs that tend to bed down for the winter are still flourishing, if not a bit closer to earth, nourishing their roots for spring's exuberant arrival. There is one herb, or rather a tree, that buds only this time of year no matter how cold the weather gets, and that's cottonwood.
Cottonwood, aka Poplar, is an amazing tree you may only glance at on occasion but deserves far more attention. For you see, the cottonwood gives us a multifaceted medicine that's an incredible healer for countless skin ailments, sore muscles, restless sleep, and a whole lot of other good things.
Apart from looking awkward sneaking around the neighborhood snagging gooey cottonwood buds, you can often find poplars near natural springs and canyons. My parents have quite a few poplar trees on their property (lucky them, and they don't even know it) so it's easy to call up my mother and ask her if the trees have started oozing. Besides that obvious indication of harvest time, cottonwoods will also give off a pleasant aroma that can only be described as "fresh and woodsy with vanilla undertones". It's sort of amazing and is reason enough to make The Balm of Gilead.
Pretty neat right? The resin exuded from cottonwood buds is referred to as the Balm of Gilead because of its healing properties and pleasant resinous aroma.
The remaining oil can be stored for up to a year if kept in a cool dark place.
This recipe fills four 2oz salve containers plus two lip balm tubes (which are super handy to have in your pocket or purse).
You can make this process go a whole lot faster if you need to by putting the fresh cottonwood buds into a double boiler with the olive oil. Just measure out 1 part cottonwood buds and two parts oil to get a good strength. Simmer this for 1 hour and strain.
Personally, I prefer to make the Balm of Gilead using the folk method (waiting 4-6 weeks) before straining because it helps retain the wholesome healing goodness of the cottonwood resin.
You may be wondering why you should be making this recipe, so let me fill you in!
The Balm of Gilead has amazing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-rheumatic properties making it perfect for athletes or for those who lead active lifestyles. It relieves the pain associated with sore muscles, bruising, general aches and pains, and arthritis. In fact, if you make this simple salve with cayenne pepper added to it, it is REALLY amazing for all kinds of pain.
You can also apply this balm to bites, stings, rashes, burns, cuts, scrapes, dry scaly skin, abrasions, chapped skin, diaper rash (make sure there is NO cayenne for this application obviously), as well as eczema, psoriasis, and minor wounds.
Smelling its aroma is a fantastic mild sedative before bedtime. I use it this way by applying a small amount under my nose before opening a book to read at bedtime. It works so well and the smell is just wonderful for stress relief. Plus, it keeps your nose hydrated during the winter!
I really hope you give this balm recipe a try! You won't regret it 🙂 Also, in case you want a cottonwood tincture recipe, check out my post HERE.
Where can I purchase these buds I'm not physically able to go pick them. I live in coastal Va.
Everyone here in AK hates cottonwood because of the snowy blowy mess it makes everywhere, so it gets cut down a lot. It also gets blamed for allergies even though the weatherman said it has almost no allergens; they come from other trees blooming the same time. A friend offered me to pick their tree but the snow hadn't melted before the buds opened so there was no way for me to get them. Hoping for a better chance this year; I'm always on the lookout for the next pain salve.
I infuse my oils in my crockpot (you know the little useless one that comes with the real one – holds a mason jar or a sauce jar) double boiler on Low; doesn't get too hot but faster than doing in a cupboard.
Hi, Tash, thanks for sharing a link to my blog with your recipe. I appreciate the love. Awesome article. I'm going to share your post on my Facebook page this weekend.
You stated that cottonwood trees are actually the same as poplar trees , is that correct? I live in Eastern Canada, and poplar trees we have a plenty. Could I make this balm with poplar buds? Come spring of course. We,re under 4 feet of snow at present .
Yes, they are the same tree so yes you can make this balm with poplar buds 🙂 And goodness! That sounds like a lot of snow!
Where would I find cottonwood bulbs??
I live in New York State.


Where are you accommodations (homestays and residences) located?
Homestays and Basic Residences are located on average about 25 - 30 minutes away from the school by public transportations.
Standard and Luxrious Residences are located on average about 10- 20 minutes away from the school on foot.


text:
import timeBased from '../patterns/time-based';
import {cloneArray} from '../utils/collections';
import never from '../primary/never';

const S = timeBased({

  _name: 'sequentially',

  _init({xs}) {
    this._xs = cloneArray(xs);
  },

  _free() {
    this._xs = null;
  },

  _onTick() {
    if (this._xs.length === 1) {
      this._emitValue(this._xs[0]);
      this._emitEnd();
    } else {
      this._emitValue(this._xs.shift());
    }
  }

});

export default function sequentially(wait, xs) {
  return xs.length === 0 ? never() : new S(wait, {xs});
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Training for experienced designers and product developers looking to specialize in technical design, and technical designers looking to improve performance. Courses can be taken as part of a certificate or on an individual basis.
Cutting-edge fit, quality, and logistics training for experienced designers, technical designers, and product developers involved in sourcing. Courses can be taken as part of a certificate or on an individual basis.


A new report says Indiana farmers will have to change the types of crops they sow, the timing of plantings and adapt in other ways to the changing climate.
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. (AP) — A new report says Indiana farmers will have to change the types of crops they sow, the timing of plantings and adapt in other ways to the changing climate.
Purdue University's Climate Change Resource Center released its latest report Tuesday on global warming's expected impact on Indiana. The report says the state will likely see heavier rainfall patterns, earlier springs and hotter summers in the decades ahead.
The report says warmer and wetter weather could lead to more weeds, pests and diseases. Warmer overnight temperatures could also lead to a decrease in corn production.
Researchers says increased temperatures could also put farm workers at a higher risk and cause livestock heat stress.
Tim Schulz operates Engelbrecht's Orchard in Evansville. He says he's already struggled with the effects of warming temperatures.


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Ultimate Nutube headphone amplifier by AK4493 and Nutube!
I have made my first high-resolution capable USB-DAC embedded Nutube amplifier but after finishing the one, I got to know Asahi Kasei's high-end audio DAC has a good reputation. Naturally I improved my circuit with this DAC!
High resolution DAC (Asahi Kasei AK4493) with USB-I2S receiver (SA9023). This nice combination provides maximum 24 bit resolution with 96 kHz sampling rate.
The AK4493EQ is a new generation Premium 32-bit 2ch DAC with VELVET SOUND™ technology, achieving industry's leading level low distortion characteristics and wide dynamic range with six types of 32-bit digital filters, realizing simple and flexible sound tuning.
The function of AK4493 can be controlled through Arduino sketch, together with on-board Arduino boot loader loaded Atmel ATMega88PA. The default firmware sketch is uploaded to my Github. Detailed function implemented in AK4493 is explained in the datsheet. In order to upload your own audio setting written by Arduino sketch, USB-UART interface (CP2102) is included in this item. Yes we have a joy to tune sound!!


text:
using System;

using Android.App;
using Android.Content.PM;
using Android.Runtime;
using Android.Views;
using Android.Widget;
using Android.OS;

using Plugin.CrossPlatformTintedImage.Android;

namespace Demo.CrossPlatformTintedImage.Droid
{
    [Activity(Label = "Demo.CrossPlatformTintedImage", Icon = "@drawable/icon", Theme = "@style/MainTheme", MainLauncher = true, ConfigurationChanges = ConfigChanges.ScreenSize | ConfigChanges.Orientation)]
    public class MainActivity : global::Xamarin.Forms.Platform.Android.FormsAppCompatActivity
    {
        protected override void OnCreate(Bundle bundle)
        {
            TabLayoutResource = Resource.Layout.Tabbar;
            ToolbarResource = Resource.Layout.Toolbar;

            base.OnCreate(bundle);

            global::Xamarin.Forms.Forms.Init(this, bundle);
            TintedImageRenderer.Init();

            LoadApplication(new App());
        }
    }
}


Ever stalled a truck on a hill? It's usually more embarrassing than dangerous for the driver, but there are times on a bitumen road where it risks other vehicles slamming into the back of you.
Stalling a four-wheel drive truck in first gear on a steep hill off-road is a different ball game. No one will run into the back of you, but it can still be hellishly dangerous.
Enter the Hino 500 series GT 1322 with its new option of a 5-speed fully automatic Allison 2500 series transmission. With this off-roader Hino says you can enjoy the peace of mind of knowing you will never have to do a stall recovery.
For one thing, Hino says the automatic is very unlikely to stall, but if it does and you're in such a steep situation the truck just won't go any further up the hill, you just select 'Reverse' on the gearstick and creep back down the hill.
Sure, you will have to use the brakes more than in the manual, but Hino assures us braking technology has advanced to the point where this can be done without overheating them or losing too much air.
The GT 1322 is power-limited compared with its on-road cousins — too much torque in an off-road vehicle can break things, such as axles. Its 7.7-litre engine is capable of a lot more than the 160kW (220hp) at 2,400rpm and torque of 637Nm at 1,500rpm.
The exhaust goes out the top and the diesel particulate filter (DPF) automatically regenerates when it is only 30 per cent full and therefore not as hot.
The Allison transmission now available is a full automatic. That means it uses a torque converter, which is a fluid coupling, the same as in automatic cars.
For these steep off-road applications Hino doesn't offer its own ProShift 6 automated manual gearbox, because computer control is clearly unsuitable for that environment.
Inside, the crew cab can fit three in the front and four in the back. It's pretty squeezy in there.
There are heated and electrically operated external mirrors; a driver's supplemental restraint system (SRS) airbag (but none on the passenger's side); and an Isri 6800 driver's seat with integrated safety belt.
The driver's seat doesn't slide very far back, but its height and the steering column can be adjusted to cater for the biggest of pilots.
ATN was able to check out the off-road Hino's credentials during a very pleasant day driving the GT 1322 between the southern highlands of New South Wales near Mittagong and the Wombeyan Caves area of the nearby Blue Mountains.
Driving up the steepest hill we could find in a paddock was easy, with only the most momentary slippage over the rocky surface.
There was no problem at all in selecting reverse and backing down again, although I needed to apply the brakes the whole way.
It was disconcerting the air gauge got into the red and the low air buzzer was constantly on. Nevertheless the brakes didn't lock up.
Driving forwards down the same steep hill, in first gear low range, the truck got way too much run-up for my liking, and I certainly needed to use the brakes a lot more than if I was in a conventional 6-speed synchromesh manual.
Of course a fire truck, an off-road cherry-picker and even a mining vehicle might still need to spend a lot of its life on the highway.
I was half-expecting the off-roader to be revving its head off on the freeway, but it performed similarly to any other truck of medium size.
The GT sat on 2,100rpm at 100km/h, exactly as forecast in the spec sheet.
And it only got up to 2,300rpm on a long steep climb, dropping back to a very respectable 80km/h.
This was pretty good considering the 12 tonnes GVM for the day, courtesy of some giant sandbags on the back (standard GVM is 13 tonnes with the option of 13.9 tonnes).
The Hino has bigger wheels and tyres than it used to and the handling benefits were clear in hugging bends on a narrow bitumen road between the freeway and the dirt.
Tyres are 11R22.5 and they are no longer on split rims, because tyres these days are deemed reliable enough not to need the easier method of removing them.
Supporting the front wheels are semi-elliptic leaf springs with double-acting shock absorbers.
At the rear are semi-elliptic main and auxiliary leaf springs, which basically means there is a second layer of suspension, which will come into use if you add maximum weight.
The fuel tank holds 200 litres, the wheelbase is 4.2m, and overall height is just shy of 3m.
Find Hino trucks for sale.


text:
Jung Jiwoo, Older Sister Of BTS's J-Hope, To Tie The Knot With Non-Celebrity Boyfriend
YouTuber and fashion influencer Jung Jiwoo will be getting married next month!
On April 5, a source from Cube Entertainment shared that Jung Jiwoo and her non-celebrity boyfriend who is older than her will be tying the knot in May.
The couple has been preparing for their wedding since last year, and in August 2020, she hinted via social media that she is likely to get married between September and October 2021.
In one interview, she mentioned her husband-to-be, saying, "We are similar in many ways, and we both love work and are independent, so I think I will have a similar daily life after marriage. He is someone I can always count on, and I feel strengthened knowing that there is now another person on my side."
Jung Jiwoo is BTS's J-Hope's older sister, and she currently runs her own fashion company and online shopping mall. Her YouTube channel MEJIWOO has 1.67 million subscribers, and she recently joined Cube Entertainment.
Congratulations to Jung Jiwoo!
Sources (1) (2)
Apink Chorong's Alleged School Violence Victim Reveals More, Including Past Pictures
Ham So Won Under Suspicions For Fabricating Her Husband Jinhua's Family Background And Riches For Television
Ham So Won Under Suspicions For Fabricating Her Husband Jinhua's Family Background And Riches For Television


text:
Q: YII: Converting data format before CRUD? I have an input that accept a data in this format mm/dd/yyyy.
public function rules()
{
    return array(
        array('purchase_date', 'type', 'type' => 'date', 'message' => '{attribute}: is not a date, try this formate -> (mm/dd/yyyy) !', 'dateFormat' => 'MM/dd/yyyy'),

);
}

however, the question is, how do I change the format to  YYYY-MM-DD after I capture it from the input
in order to put it into the database with this format YYYY-MM-DD.
example... user input the date in mm/dd/yyyy
I somehow convert it to YYYY-MM-DD before I save the model.

A: Use beforeSave  function in your model and add logic to convert date format
public function beforeSave(){

    $this->purchase_date = date("Y-m-d", strtotime($this->purchase_date));
    return true;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These easy stuffed dates, an Italian riff on the classic bacon-wrapped dates, make a fabulous party hors d'oevure.
Tender broccolini meets mellow, creamy burrata in this easy hors d'oeuvre.
The Parmigiano-Reggiano in this recipe provides rich, salty flavor without overwhelming the oysters. Stabilize the oysters on a bed of coarse salt, if you'd like.
Rutabagas add an attractive golden hue and rustic texture to mashed potatoes.


20"X 24" High Quality Canvas Print As part of our growing Artist Become collection, this piece was hand-picked by our staff to showcase the innovative style and technique of one of today's finest artists. In partnership with the online creative community at ArtistBe.com, we hope to match each customer with fresh and independent creative voices. When asked to comment on this contemporary work of art, the artist said: "A modern and decorative composition with geometric shapes. Discover two typically New York City views - An urban street scene of bustling Broadway and a unique cityscape of the Brooklyn Bridge."
Color Palette for New York City, Geometric Mix No 9 is empty.


text:
Nancy E. Cason
REAL ESTATE ATTORNEY SERVING BRADENTON, LAKEWOOD RANCH, NORTH PORT, VENICE, SARASOTA COUNTY, & THROUGHOUT THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Corporate Formation
Land Use/Development Law
Commercial & Private Lender Representation
Probate & Trust Litigation
Nancy E. Cason joined Syprett Meshad, PA in 1998. She is a Partner and Shareholder, and currently serves as a Managing Partner for the Firm.
In 2020, Ms. Cason was honored in SRQ Magazine's peer review program as an Elite Top Attorney (Real Estate category) of Florida's Gulf Coast. She focuses her practice in the areas of real property, estate/probate and business transactions and litigation. Her real estate practice includes representing buyers, sellers and commercial and private lenders in all aspects of residential and commercial real estate closings. She also represents clients in the preparation and negotiation of real estate and business contracts, leases and in the area of land use and development law. She is an authorized title insurance agent for Chicago Title Insurance Company. In addition to real estate law, her practice also includes representing clients in the formation of estate plans, including both wills and trusts, and in the area of business law and corporate formation. She is a member of the Firm's litigation department, practicing in the areas of real estate litigation, landlord/tenant litigation, foreclosure defense, general commercial/business litigation and estate/probate/trust litigation.
Ms. Cason holds an AV Preeminent® rating, the highest rating possible, from the Martindale-Hubbell® Peer Review Ratings™. From 2019 through 2021, she has been selected to the Florida Super Lawyers List in the Real Estate Law category. Only five percent of the lawyers in the state are selected to the Super Lawyers list, which recognizes lawyers who have attained a high degree of peer recognition and professional achievement. From 2012 through 2017, she was selected for the Super Lawyers "Rising Star" distinction. In 2019, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis appointed Ms. Cason to a third consecutive term serving on the Twelfth Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission; she was previously appointed to the commission twice by former Governor Rick Scott. She served as Chair for the Commission from 2018-2019. Her current term will end in 2023. She is admitted to practice in the State of Florida.
Ms. Cason served as President of the Sarasota County Bar Association from 2019-2019. She has previously held the position of Secretary, President Elect, and served as a member of the Association's Board of Directors from 2003-2020. She is also a Past President of the organization's Young Lawyers Division. In 2007, she was presented with the Association's C.L. McCaig Award for extraordinary service, and in 2009, was recognized with the "President's Award" for her presidency of the YLD.
After graduating magna cum laude from the University of South Florida, Tampa, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science, Ms. Cason studied at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville, as well as a summer abroad at the University of Mt. Pellier in Mt. Pellier, France. She was awarded her Juris Doctorate degree, with high honors, in 2002, and earned the distinction of being named a member of the Florida Chapter of the Order of the Coif.
In law school, Ms. Cason was appointed to the prestigious Florida Law Review; she served on the publication's Senior Board from 2001-2002 and also served a term in the Executive Board position of Senior Symposium Editor. Ms. Cason was also the recipient of three Book Awards for achieving the top grade in the classes of Contracts, Trial Practice and Land Use Planning. She was a teaching assistant for Contracts, Legal Research and Writing and Appellate Advocacy, and was awarded a Pro Bono Certificate for her dedication to pro bono legal work in law school.
Ms. Cason has continued her pro bono work throughout her legal career by volunteering with the Florida Bar Twelfth Judicial Circuit as a pro bono foreclosure defense attorney. In addition to taking on many pro bono legal cases each year, she has also participated in public service legal projects including the Sarasota County Bar Association's Law in the Library Series. Periodically, she gives free presentations to educate the public on such topics as "Everything you Need to Know to Buy Real Estate," "Landlord/Tenant Law," and "Foreclosure Prevention and Foreclosure Defense." Ms. Cason has also been invited to speak as a panelist in several foreclosure roundtable discussions with local Judge Lee Haworth; those panel discussions have been televised locally and appear on the Sarasota County Foreclosure Website.
Born in New York City, Ms. Cason was raised in Sarasota, Florida from the age of three. She is deeply committed to the Suncoast community and is an active volunteer with many non-profit organizations. She is a past member of the Board of Directors of Girls Inc., a local non-profit organization which inspires all girls to be "Strong, Smart and Bold." For many years as a young girl, Ms. Cason attended Girls Inc.; she is a passionate supporter of the organization's mission and its role in contributing to the lives and success of young girls in the community.
Real Estate (Commercial and Residential); Real Estate Closings, Contracts, Transactions and Litigation; Landlord and Tenant Law; Foreclosure Defense; Estate Planning, Corporate Formation, Business Law, Land Use/Development Law, Commercial and Private Lender Representation, Title Insurance, Probate and Trust Litigation; Commercial Litigation.
Admitted:
2002, Florida;
Honors and Professional Recognition:
Rated AV Preeminent® by Martindale-Hubbell® Peer Review Ratings™;
Elite Top Attorney (Real Estate) Sarasota Magazine 2020
Named to Florida Super Lawyers (2019-2020)
Named to Super Lawyers Magazine Florida "Rising Star" list (2012- 2017);
Governor Rick Scott has twice appointed Ms. Cason to serve on the Twelfth Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission, reappointed for a third term by Governor Ron DeSantis in 2019.
Sarasota County Bar Association President's Award (2019)
Sarasota County Bar Association President's Award-Young Lawyers Division (2009)
CL McKaig Award (2007)
Law School:
University of Florida Levin College of Law, Juris Doctorate, with high honors, 2002. Named member of the Florida Chapter of the Order of the Coif.
University of South Florida, B.A., magna cum laude, 1998
University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, MA Medical Cannabis Science and Therapeutics, Pending, May 2022.
Memberships/Professional Associations:
Sarasota County Bar Association
12th Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission (Commissioner)
Florida Association of Women Lawyers
Gulf Coast CEO Forum
ISLN:
More About Real Estate Attorney Nancy E. Cason
Syprett Meshad Attorneys Selected to Super Lawyer and Rising Star Lists
News, Press ReleasesBy Holly Clark 9th October 2020
Three Syprett Meshad attorneys have been selected by Super Lawyers, part of Thomson Reuters, to its 2020 Florida "Super Lawyers" and "Rising Stars" lists. Firm President Michael L. Resnick and Managing Partner Nancy E. Cason were both selected to the "Super Lawyers" list, in the Family Law and Real Estate Law categories respectively. Partner Amanda…
Sarasota Real Estate Attorney Nancy Cason Re-Appointed by Governor
News, Press ReleasesBy H Clark 25th July 2019
Syprett Meshad managing partner, real estate attorney Nancy E. Cason, has been re-appointed by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis to a third term serving on the Twelfth Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission. Ms. Cason, who is the current president of the Sarasota County Bar Association, will serve on the nominating commission for a three-year term ending July…
Nancy Cason Installed as President of Sarasota County Bar
Celebrations, News, SCBABy Matthew 15th October 2018
Sarasota real estate attorney Nancy E. Cason, a partner of Syprett, Meshad, Resnick, Lieb, Dumbaugh, Jones, Krotec & Westheimer, P.A., has been named President of the Sarasota County Bar Association (SCBA). The Association has over 900 members. Ms. Cason was installed as President during the
Nancy Cason on WSLR radio program Local Matters discussing Foreclosure Matters
Appearances, Audio, Foreclosure, Multimedia, Radio, Real EstateBy Matthew 20th June 2016
Anne Weintraub, Judge Lee Haworth, and Nancy Cason Attorney Nancy E. Cason appeared on Sarasota radio station WSLR 96.5 for the Local Matters program on May 9, 2011. Along with Judge Lee Haworth and attorney Anne Weintraub, they discussed the home foreclosure process, common defenses, the managed
Gov. Scott Re-Appoints Sarasota Attorney Nancy Cason to Judicial Nominating Commission
News, Press ReleasesBy Matthew 19th March 2016
Nancy Cason Sarasota real estate attorney Nancy E. Cason, a partner of Syprett, Meshad, Resnick, Lieb, Dumbaugh, Jones, Krotec & Westheimer, P.A., has been re-appointed to the Twelfth Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission by Governor Rick Scott. Ms. Cason, 38, will serve on the nominating
Home Foreclosure Update from Real Estate Attorney Nancy Cason
Articles, Foreclosure, Real EstateBy Matthew 3rd December 2015
Nancy Cason "While the 'foreclosure crisis' is not exactly over, conditions are very much improved," according to Syprett Meshad Real Estate Attorney Nancy Cason in a recent article published in Sarasota/Manatee REALTOR magazine. Ms. Cason discusses the facts and statistics behind the fact that


Last week, a 90-minute performance called Uff Malka Jaan and The Velvet Courtesans brought alive the stories of courtesans on a Gurgaon stage.
Namvar Singh, writer, poet, critic and one of contemporary Hindi literature's tallest figures, has died after a month-long illness, his family said on Wednesday. He was 92. Singh died on Tuesday night at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.
Renowned Hindi author and critic Namwar Singh, a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award, has died in New Delhi, his family members said on Wednesday. He was 92.


We spent the next day on a bus to Inle Lake. Shortly after arriving at our hotel, Jo led us to one of his favourite spots in all of Inle: a randomly placed roller rink. Sadly, in the four years since Jo had been to Inle, the rink had closed down–apparently due to noise complaints. We had a beer in honour of the rink at a restaurant right across the street.
Since we couldn't roller skate, we ended our night by getting drunk and playing Mario Kart on my Super Nintendo emulator on my laptop. It was great because drunken Mario Karting had been one of our first bonding experiences when we first met in Thailand a year and a half ago. And just like in Thailand, I crushed Jo and held on to my Mario Kart crown.
The next day was a busy one. We were heading out on a boat tour of Inle Lake.
It was a long and narrow boat that was just wide enough to fit three chairs in a row for us to sit in. The driver stood in the back and manoeuvred the engine. He would walk on the edge of the boat like a freaking ninja whenever he had to get something from the front–it was pretty impressive.
The ride was absolutely gorgeous. It took us all around the lake, which at 116 km squared, is the second largest lake in Myanmar. Riding through the endless marshes, with the stilted houses standing just over them, is a sight I never tired of. Especially with the endless hills in the background.
Our first stop was a market. This did not bode well for me. I spent a stupid amount of money on pretty things today. First, I bought this pretty owl–not because it is supposed to bring good fortune as the woman who sold it to me claimed, but because it was cute.
Then I bought a Burmese tattooing needle–not because it was cute, but because it was badass.
Thankfully, nothing else caught my eye before we left to our next destination: a shop where they make things out of silver.
I didn't really understand much due to the guide's thick accent–a recurring problem that we faced throughout the day. However we got to watch the workers making necklaces, containers, and all sorts of really cool things.
Literally as soon as I said the word "rings," I saw this beauty. It was love at first sight. The woman wanted $50 for it, but I just couldn't justify spending that much money after buying the tattoo needle. I tried, though. I tried really hard–for about 15-20 minutes. Finally, I decided to flex a muscle I rarely use when travelling–will power–and opted not to buy it–but only because I knew I'd find an identical ring in another market for a much cheaper price. And obviously, that's exactly what happened.
we hit up a boat and cigarette making workshop.
Nok made a friend. He/She even came to see us off when we got back in the boat.
I believe the guy said a boat like this costs somewhere around $200 and takes about a month to build from start to finish. It can seat ten people.
Finally, it was Nok's turn to spend some money. She bought herself a nice little scarf at the next workshop. Some of the scarves there cost hundreds of dollars, but they were really beautiful. And the ladies who make them put their blood, sweat, and tears into them! They work from 8 am – 5 pm everyday on these machines. It didn't matter how long I watched, I just couldn't figure out how the contraption works. All I know is that some of those people were going so fast it sounded like Mr. Al MacInnis himself was taking slapshots at an endless line of pucks.
Our last workshop for the day was a blacksmith. They made gongs, swords, knives, tattoo needles, and a bunch of other cool stuff. We saw some guys hammering away at a blade. Jo bought himself a cool bell-shaped gong that will hopefully be featured on his next album.
The last stop for the day was this beautiful monastery on stilts, where we witnessed a cat poop right on the prayer area. That's definitely not something you see every day.
Finally, we arrived at our home for the evening. We arrived in paradise. I felt like a freakin movie star! Plus, we got upgraded to these swanky rooms for no apparent reason. Nok thinks it's because the AC wasn't working in the rooms we were supposed to get. Score for us! A guy could get used to this kind of life.
The Travelling Trooper Explore Mandalay With Friendses!


text:
Journal of Range Management, Volume 49, Number 4 (July 1996)
Journals and Magazines
Society for Range Management Journal Archives
Rangeland Ecology & Management / Journal of Range Management
Journal of Range Management, Volume 49 (1996)
JournalJournal of Range Management (18)AuthorsWallace, J. D. (3)Estell, R. E. (2)Fredrickson, E. L. (2)Havstad, K. M. (2)King, D. W. (2)Lacey, J. R. (2)Murray, L. W. (2)Archer, S. (1)Aubrey, B. (1)Bartelt, G. A. (1)View MoreTypestext (18)Article (17)Journal (1)Subjectsalfalfa (1)ammonium nitrate (1)ammonium sulfate (1)Antilocapra americana (1)application rates (2)View More
TitleAuthorsIssue DateSubmit DateSubjectsPublisherJournal
Welcome to the Rangeland Ecology & Management Archive. The journal Rangeland Ecology & Management (RE&M; v58, 2005-present) is the successor to the Journal of Range Management (JRM; v. 1-57, 1948-2004.) The Archive provides public access, in a "rolling window" agreement with the Society for Range Management, to both titles (JRM and RE&M), from v.1 up to five years from the present year.
The most recent years of RE&M are available through membership in the Society for Range Management (SRM). Membership in SRM is a means to access current information and dialogue on rangeland management.
Your institution may also have access to current issues through library or institutional subscriptions.
Contact the University Libraries Journal Team with questions about these journals.
Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01
Switchgrass recruitment from broadcast seed vs. seed fed to cattle
Ocumpaugh, W. R.; Archer, S.; Stuth, J. W. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Fecal seeding by livestock may be an effective, low-cost means of rangeland restoration. We compared recruitment of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) from seed fed to cattle and deposited in dung to that of broadcast-seeded plots receiving a comparable number of unfed seed. Although germinability of seed passed through livestock (52 to 62%) was reduced relative to that of broadcast seed (85 to 91%), recruitment of switchgrass from seed in cattle feces was equal to or superior to that of broadcast seed in terms of establishment (frequency of occurrence and density), plant growth and final plant size. The frequency of plot with emerging switchgrass plants ranged from 62 to 100% when seeds were delivered in feces, but only 2 to 40% when seeds were broadcast. After 1 year, the frequency of occurrence of switchgrass plant in fecal vs. broadcast-seeded plot was comparable for autumn trials. However, evaluations 1 year after the spring trials continue to result in higher frequency of plot with switchgrass plant from seed delivered in feces than of broadcast seedings (56 vs. 4% for May 1990, P < 0.05; and 90 vs. 51% for May 1991, P less than or equal to 0.01). Enhanced plant recruitment on fecal-seeded plots occurred even though broadcast-seeded plots received 1.5 to 1.7 times more pure live seed (PLS). Plants on fecal-seeded plots had a greater plant size score (based on visual ratings of height, culm density, and biomass) than plants on broadcast-seeded plots (P < 0.05 for May seedings; P < 0.05 for October 1990; P < 0.10 for October 1991). Results suggest significant advantages of fecal seeding over conventional broadcast seeding in terms of seedling emergence, establishment and growth.
Partial and full dehydration impact on germination of 4 warm-season grasses
Emmerich, W. E.; Hardegree, S. P. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Precipitation patterns in the arid southwest U.S. can be highly variable during the summer monsoon season. The ability of germinating seeds to withstand temporary periods of dehydration may determine their potential for successful regeneration under present and future climatic regimes. Germination with short-term hydration and dehydration sequences was compared to constant water potential germination for sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey], buffelgrass [Cenchrus ciliaris L.], Lehmann lovegrass [Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees], and kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.]. Seeds were imbibed at -0. MPa for 1 to 4 days, then either air dried or partially dehydrated d -3.0 MPa for 1 to 4 days before being returned to the initial imbibition solution for a total 14-day incubation-dehydration period. One day of imbibition at -0.2 MPa advanced germination to a stage that resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in total germination from subsequent dehydration. The significant reductions still allowed > 48% of the viable seeds to germinate after dehydration. Longer imbibition times also exhibited significant reductions in germination for buffelgrass and kleingrass. For kleingrass air-dried dehydration compared to -3.0 MPa produced significant reductions (P < 0.05) in germination with 2-3 days imbibition. The length of the dehydration periods produced significant differences (P < 0.05) in total germination for Lehmann lovegrass and kleingrass. Partial dehydration significantly increased germination rate for sideoats grama, buffelgrass, and kleingrass, while air-dried dehydration significantly reduced buffelgrass germination rate. Any dehydration during germination was detrimental and > 1-day imbibition followed by dehydration seemed the critical time upon which a dramatic reduction in germination occurs.
Observations of shoots and roots from interspecific grafted rosaceous shrubs
Kyle, N. E.; Righetti, T. L. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Plants with various shoot and root combinations of Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana (Torr.) Jeps. (cliffrose), Purshia glandulosa Curran (desert bitterbrush), and Purchia tridentata (Pursh) DC. (antelope bitterbrush) were relatively easy to produce by grafting. The foreign roots or shoots in multi-shoot or multi-root systems were not as vigorous as the original scion or rootstock. With time the original scion or rootstock became dominant and the foreign portions usually senesced. If growth of the original scion or rootstock was restricted by pruning or removal, satisfactory growth for both shoot or root types occurred. Manipulating grafted systems where Fallugia paradoxa, (D. Don) Endl., Apache plume, (a non-nodulating genus) is combined with any of the above 3 nodulating species was much more difficult. Graft incompatibility occurred in most intergeneric Fallugia systems, but some combinations survived for several years. A large quantity of nodules was produced on 1 very sparsely rooted P. tridentata scion attached to a Fallugia rootstock. Apparently, the plant derived much of its nitrogen from Purshia nodules, and the majority of its other nutrients and water from the Fallugia roots.
Nitrogen fertilization of dryland grasses in the Northern Great Plains
Jacobsen, J. S.; Lorbeer, S. H.; Houlton, H. A. R.; Carlson, G. R. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Dryland grass production is an important agricultural commodity in the Northern Great Plains. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer can increase dry matter production and forage quality, yet there are relatively few rangeland and improved pasture managers who utilize fertilization practices to optimize production. Two trials (1972-1975 and 1978-1981) with 10 common grass species used a single application of 0, 56, or 112 kg N ha-1 and 0, 112, or 224 kg N ha-1 to evaluate long-term grass performance to N fertilization. Dry matter production in each trial was measured annually for 4 years. Yields increased on average 1,340 kg ha-1 with the application of 56 kg N ha-1, and 1,662 kg ha-1 with 112 kg N ha-1 in Trial 1. In Trial 2, yields increased 3,499 and 5,140 kg ha-1 with applications of 112 and 224 kg N ha-1, respectively. Responses to applied N were evident 4 years after application for some species, most likely due to the combination of improved grass vigor and recycling of fertilizer N immobilized in organic forms. Single applications of N were effective in improving dry matter production of some common grasses for multiple years, when water was suitable. The magnitude of response and potential economic return from fertilization were species dependent.
Native forage quality, quantity, and profitability as affected by fertilization in northern Mexico
Rubio, H. O.; Wood, M. K.; Gomez, A.; Reyes, G. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Fourteen treatments of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers were applied in an overgrazed eight rangeland in northern Mexico, during 1990 and 1991. Eight treatments were applied using ammonium nitrate as a source of N (60-0-0, 60-30-0, 60-60-0, 80-40-0, 120-30-0, 120-60-0, 120-90-0 and 180-60-0 kg ha-1), 2 treatments with ammonium sulfate (60-30-0 and 120-60-0 kg ha-1), 2 with urea (60-30-0 and 120-60-0 kg ha-1), only P (0-30-0 kg ha-1), and the control (0-0-0 kg ha-1). Triple superphosphate was applied as a source for P. The 80-40-0 treatment was included because it was the commonly recommended rate for the area. Fertilizers were applied at the beginning of the rainfall season (July) and forage was harvested in late October (1990) and mid-November (1991). Dry matter production, crude protein (CP) content, and in situ digestibility were determined. An economic analysis was used to obtain the best economic treatment for forage production. In 1990 with a precipitation of 377 mm, dry matter production was significantly affected for both source and rate of N. The maximum amount of dry matter was obtained with a rate of 120-90-0 kg ha-1 using ammonium nitrate. However, the best treatment in terms of economic return was 120-30-0 kg ha-1 as ammonium nitrate. Urea did not produce as well as other N source treatments. Crude protein was highest in treatments with the higher N, but no significant trend was evident. In situ digestibility was not affected by rate or source of N fertilizer. During 1991, precipitation was higher than in 1990. Significant differences were determined among N rates but not in N source. In fact, urea produced greater in dry matter production than other N sources at the same rate. The maximum amount of dry matter was obtained with the 180-60-0 treatment using ammonium nitrate with 4,190 kg ha-1, but the best economic treatments were the 120-30-0 and 60-0-0 with a marginal return rate of 377% and 355%, respectively. Results of CP and in situ digestibility were similar to those of 1990.
Leafy spurge and grass response to picloram and intensive grazing
Lacey, J. R.; Sheley, R. L. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
More information about the effects of combining intensive livestock grazing of noxious weeds and associated desirable plants with other control measures is needed to develop effective rangeland weed management strategies. We studied the response of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to intensive short-duration grazing by either sheep or cattle, in combination with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) for 5 years. In the first year, 2 pastures (16 and 24-ha) were split into 3 blocks and picloram was applied to one-half of each block at a rate of 0.9 kg ha-1. Exclosures were established to include both treated and untreated portions in each block. The smaller and larger pastures were grazed by sheep and cattle, respectively. There were 1 or 2 grazing periods per year, varying from 1- to 2-days in length. Leafy spurge stem densities were counted annually, and grass cover and plant biomass were also examined. Data from each pasture (cattle or sheep) were analyzed separately using analyses of variance. Leafy spurge was selectively grazed by sheep, and stem densities were reduced by sheep grazing (P < 0.01). Cattle did not utilize leafy spurge and stem densities were not affected. Picloram reduced leafy spurge stem densities throughout the study in both the sheep (P < 0.001) and cattle (P < 0.001) pastures. Picloram also reduced leafy spurge biomass in the sheep pasture (P < 0.05), which allowed an increase in Kentucky bluegrass biomass. Grazing X picloram interactions affecting either leafy spurge stem densities or leafy spurge biomass were not detected. An integrated leafy spurge management system may require a longer time frame, additional control measures, and (or) more intensive grazing management.
Impact of clipping on root systems of 3 grasses species in Tunisia
Chaieb, M.; Henchi, B.; Boukhris, M. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
The study concerns the impact of herbivory on the root systems of 3 perennial grasses, buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), digitgrass (Digitaria commutata) and needlegrass (Stipa lagascae), growing in the arid zones of Tunisia. The study simulated animals feeding of the grasses by affecting cuttings at various times throughout the spring growing period. The following effects on the root systems of the grasses were observed. When there is continual overgazing (simulated by cutting all sprouts down the ground level along the spring), more than 65% of the roots off all 3 species are found in the salty upper 15 cm of soil. In case of medium average grazing (simulated by 2 to 3 cuttings), the root system again remains superficial for buffelgrass (C. ciliaris), with 58 to 67% of the roots located in the upper 15 cm of soil. Digitgrass (Digitaria commutata) and needlegrass (Stipa lagascae), however, develop deeper roots with 68 to 86% in the upper 30 cm of soil. When grazing is light (just one cutting), all 3 species perform all most exactly as if there had been no grazing compared to (a control plot) with 85% of the root system located in the upper 50 cm and about 15% at 50 to 75 cm of ground depth. On the basis of this experiments, it is suggested that grazing on these grasses should be allowed just once each spring, thereby allowing: 1- To take advantage of the aboveground contained in these grasses in spring. 2- Preservation of a deep root system which will thereby have a much better chance of getting through the water stress summer season.
Germination response of Russian wildrye to variations in seed mass at fluctuating temperatures
Limbach, W. E.; Call, C. A. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
The effects of seed mass and fluctuating temperatures on the germination and heterotrophic seedling development of 3 seed sources of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch) Nevski, were studied. Seeds that weighed 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, and 4.2 +/- 0.1 mg of each seed source were germinated in an unlighted incubation chamber at 5-10 degrees C, 5-15 degrees C, 10-l5 degrees C, and 10-20 degrees C. Germination and heterotrophic seedlings development were assessed using: 1) mean time to germinate (T/1), 2) the mean proportion of seeds to germinate (G) and 3) mean maximum radicle and coleoptile extension. Data were analyzed using a 4 X 4 X 3 factorial analysis of variance (n = 144) comprised of main effects, temperature (T), seed mass (M), and seed source (S). Time to germination was significantly affected by T (F = 647.44, P < 0.0001), S (F = 28.29, P < 0.0001) and the T X S (F = 4.71, P < 0.0003) and S X M (F = 2.21, P < 0.0489) interact. The mean maximum proportion of seeds to germinate was significantly affected by T (F = 13.63, P < 0.0001), S (F = 10.53, P < 0.0001), M (F = 8.11, P < 0.0001) and the T X M interaction (F = 2.21, P < 0.0276). Radicle extension was significantly affected by T (F = 21.94, P < 0.0001), S (F = 14.29, P < 0.0001), M (F = 12.70, P < 0.0001), and the T X S (F = 13.69, P < 0.0001) interaction. Coleoptile extension was significantly affected by T (F = 810.24, P < 0.0001), S (F = 68.83, P < 0.0001), M (F = 56.00, P < 0.0001), and the T X M (F = 3.84, P < 0.0003) interaction. Apparently, Syn-A seeds germinate more vigorously and have longer coleoptiles than Vinall but apparent differences remain confounded between seed sources since the effects of seed age and maternal environment cannot be eliminated from the study.
Effects of restricted suckling on forage intake of range calves
Sowell, B. F.; Wallace, J. D.; Branine, M. E.; Hubbert, M. E.; Fredrickson, E. L.; Bowman, J. G. P. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Twenty two-year-old primiparous Angus X Hereford cows and their heifer calves were used to study effects of milk consumption on calf performance, suckling behavior, and forage intake. Ten cow-calf pairs were allotted to each of 2 treatments on blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag.) rangeland. Calves from 5 cows were prevented from suckling the rear udder quarters for 4 weeks to reduce milk intake by 32% when calves averaged 71 +/- 4 days of age. The other 5 calves were allowed to suckle normally. Four 12-day sampling periods were conducted from June through September. Calves from the control treatment weighed more (P < 0.05) than restricted calves in each period and at weaning. Calves from the restricted treatment did not (P > 0.10) suckle longer or more frequently than control calves during any sampling period. Forage organic matter intake was not (P > 0.10) different between cows or calves from either group at any date. Milk production was not different (P > 0.10) between groups 1 month after restriction periods were terminated. Calves on 4 week milk restriction did not increase forage organic matter intake and had decreased weaning weights compared to control animals.
Effects of reducing sheep grazing in the Scottish Highlands
Hope, D.; Picozzi, N.; Catt, D. C.; Moss, R. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
The effects of reducing sheep grazing on upland vegetation and wild herbivores was studied at 11 sites in the Scottish Highlands. Areas where sheep had been removed for periods of up to 25 years were compared with areas where stocking rates had remained unchanged. At 5 sites, removal of sheep was associated with taller vegetation and more signs of vole activity. While the removal of sheep appeared to have resulted in relatively few changes in floristic composition at these sites, patches of dwarf shrub-dominated vegetation tended to be larger and patches of grassland to be smaller where sheep had been removed. One previously open site was being invaded by birch woodland after sheep removal. At the remaining 6 sites removal of sheep appeared to have had little or no effect on vegetation or on wild herbivore activity. This was probably due to an increase in grazing by red deer, along with continued heather burning, at these sites. It is concluded that sheep removal is only likely to cause significant changes in vegetation composition and structure in the Scottish Highlands where red deer numbers are low and heather burning infrequent. When this occurs, vole numbers are likely to increase.
Effects of Flourensia cernua ingestion on nitrogen balance of sheep consuming tobosa
King, D. W.; Frederickson, E. L.; Estell, R. E.; Havstad, K. M.; Wallace, J. D.; Murray, L. W. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Flourensia cernua DC. (tarbush) is a deciduous shrub with potential as a high-protein forage source for livestock. Twenty-four Polypay X Rambouillet wethers housed in metabolism crabs were used to evaluate tarbush as a N source for sheep fed a low quality grass diet. Treatments were 100% ground tobosa grass (Pleuraphis mutica BuckL) or tobosa substituted with 10, 20, or 30% whole pre-bloom tarbush leaves (n = 5) or 26% ground alfalfa (n = 4, Medicago sativa L.) on a dry matter basis (dmb). Sheep were fed ad libitum for 11 days, after which feed was restricted to 1% (dmb) of body weight for 11 days to reduce sorting and maintain uniform intake. Apparent dry matter digestibility was not improved (P = 0.2646) with tarbush or alfalfa. Fecal N was similar (P = 0.1626), but urinary N varied (P = 0.0008) among treatments. Apparent N digestibility differed (P = 0.0042) among treatments (43, 46, 50, 56, and 63% for sheep consuming 0,10, 20, or 30% tarbush or alfalfa, respectively). All treatments resulted in similar (P = 0.1569) but negative N retentions (-2.4, -2.2, -2.8, -2.0, and -1.5 g day-1 for sheep consuming 0, 10, 20, or 30% tarbush or alfalfa, respectively). Serum clinical profiles (day 22) confirmed all sheep were nutritionally stressed, but did not indicate toxicosis. Although neither tarbush nor alfalfa N compensated for the low quality basal diet, N from 30% tarbush was utilized with similar efficiency to alfalfa N. The major impediment for using tarbush as a N source appeared to be low palatability.
Effects of Flourensia cernua ingestion on intake, digesta kinetics, and ruminal fermentation of sheep consuming tobosa
King, D. W.; Estell, R. E.; Fredrickson, E. L.; Havstad, K. M.; Wallace, J. D.; Murray, L. W. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) contributes substantially to the Chihuahuan Desert shrub biomass, but is browsed sparingly by livestock. This study was designed to assess nutritional benefits and/or toxicosis of ingestion of pre-bloom tarbush leaves by sheep fed a low quality native grass diet. Sixteen ruminally cannulated sheep (46 kg) housed in individual pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments for 28 days. Treatments were ground tobosa grass (Pleuraphis mutica Buckl.) substituted with 0, 10, 20, or 30% (dry matter basis) whole tarbush leaves (19% CP). At 20 and 30% of the diet, tarbush increased (P = 0.0049) dry matter intake during week 3, and sheep consuming 30% tarbush tended to increase dry matter intake during week 2 (P = 0.0559). Dietary tarbush did not affect any variable associated with ruminal fluid kinetics, particulate digesta kinetics, or in situ degradation rates of tobosa dry matter or neutral detergent fiber (P > 0.05). Molar butyrate proportions (P = 0.0032) and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (P = 0.0064) were greater for the 30% tarbush treatments. Ruminal ammonia was greater (P < 0.0029) at 6, 8, and 12 hours postfeeding for the 30% tarbrush treatment. Sheep lost body weight regardless of treatment; however, sheep not fed tarbush boded (P = 0.0945) to lose more weight. &rum clinical profiles (day 0, 7, 15, and 21) confirmed nutritional stress but did not suggest toxicosis.
Economic feasibility of grazing sheep on leafy spurge-infested rangeland in Montana
Williams, K. E.; Lacey, J. R.; Olson, B. E. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a noxious weed on rangelands throughout the Northern Great Plains. Most of these ranges are grazed by cattle which do not use leafy spurge as forage. Although sheep graze leafy spurge, most land managers are reluctant to use sheep to control this noxious weed, which may be related to economic uncertainties regarding their profitability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of implementing a sheep enterprise to control leafy spurge on cattle ranches. The physical characteristics of a typical Northern Great Plains ranch, recommended stocking rates for cattle and sheep on native and leafy spurge-infested rangelands, and a sheep enterprise budget were developed using information from the literature. A LOTUS® spreadsheet was developed to calculate returns over total costs of implementing various sheep enterprises. Annual returns from implementing sheep grazing on 520 ha of leafy spurge on a 4,905 ha ranch exceeded total costs by 4,675. Given the ownership costs and returns of our ranch, the breakeven lamb price would be 1.16 kg-1. Returns per head and per unit of land will vary with the distribution and size of a leafy spurge infestation, and sheep production costs and returns. Returns from sheep grazing were higher when leafy spurge was concentrated in fewer rather than in many pastures. Returns were positive when as little as 4% of the ranch was infested with leafy spurge. The availability and utility of our model will allow land managers to assess the feasibility of developing sheep enterprises to control leafy spurge.
Economic damage to forage crops by native ungulates as perceived by farmers and ranchers in Montana
Irby, L. R.; Zidack, W. E.; Johnson, J. B.; Saltiel, J. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
The perceived economic damage to forage crops in Montana attributed to native ungulates during 1992 was estimated using a mail survey of 2,200 randomly selected farms and ranches. The 1,120 respondents indicated that wild ungulates were present on 97% of the agricultural operations in Montana. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus [Zimmermann]) were the most widespread wild ungulate species and were most frequently cited as responsible for damage to forage crops by those respondents who reported damage. Damage to forage crops was most frequently reported in southwestern Montana and from agricultural operations with gross annual sales > 200,000. The aggregate perceived economic damage to forage crops by wild ungulates in Montana during 1992 was 12.2 million.
Changes of surface oil nutrients and sustainability of pastoralism on grazed hilly and steep land, South Island, New Zealand
Mcintosh, P. D.; Ogle, G. I.; Patterson, R. G.; Aubrey, B.; Morriss, J.; Giddens, K. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
Soil nutrients in topsoils (0-7.5 cm) on grazed hilly and steep land on 2 high country sheep farms with contrasting climate in the upper Waitaki district, South Island, New Zealand, were compared before and after a 14-15 year period. In addition, effects on soils of 2 farm management systems were compared by sampling similar soils on adjacent farms. On a farm with mean annual rainfall of 700-1,000 mm (study area A) that had been fertilised and oversown, and grazed with about 1.6 ewe equivalents per hectare for 14 years, levels of exchangeable cations (Ca, K, Mg) increased in topsoils on sunny slopes, but there was little change on shady slopes. The Ca increase on sunny slopes was the increase to be expected from the amount of Ca contained in the superphosphate applied but increases of exchangeable K and Mg could not be explained by fertiliser additions. There was an overall 29% increase of CEC, 7.5% decline of base saturation, and decline of soil pH by 0.4 units over the 14 year period. On a farm with mean annual rainfall of 500-600 mm (study area B) that had been grazed for 15 years with about 0.6 ewe equivalents per hectare but not fertilised or oversown, levels of exchangeable cations in topsoils declined. Base saturation values declined from 98% to 73% and pH declined by 0.4 units. Losses of Ca and Mg were greater than could be explained by direct effects of sheep grazing and we conclude that processes such as erosion or removal of vegetation and nutrients by rabbits are important loss pathways. In the spatial comparison on land with mean annual rainfall of approximately 1,000 mm, oversown and fertilised soils (grazed with about 1.6 ewe equivalents per hectare) had higher levels of exchangeable cations, organic C and total N than soils that had neither been oversown or fertilised (grazed with about 0.6 ewe equivalents per hectare). Questions of ecological and economic sustainability arise both on the moister and drier high country. On moister land like area A, if lime can be applied economically, and fertiliser can continue to be applied with positive financial returns, oversowing and fertilising may be sustainable on sunny slopes. The sustainability of pastoralism on shady slopes is more problematical. If on drier land losses of topsoil nutrients such as those measured on area B are widespread, they are considered to be unsustainable. Although the nutrients lost could be readily replenished using modest amounts of fertiliser and lime, the changes have occurred concurrently with declines of organic C and total N. Restoration of organic matter levels is likely to require either reduced grazing, or oversowing and application of fertiliser. Because oversowing and fertilising the drier high country is not financially viable except during periods of high commodity prices, both these options would require major changes in farm management and/or financial assistance with soil conservation measures.
Cattle trampling of simulated ground nests in rotationally grazed pastures
Paine, L.; Undersander, D. J.; Sample, D. W.; Bartelt, G. A.; Schatteman, T. A. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
For many grassland songbird species, pastures represent some of the best available breeding habitat in the Upper Midwest. Increasing interest in intensive rotational grazing (IRG) among midwestern livestock farmers may result in an expansion of pasture hectares in the region. We evaluated the effects of several cattle stocking densities on ground nest survival in rotationally grazed cool-season pastures in southwestern Wisconsin. Ground nests were simulated with clutches of 3 unwashed pheasant eggs. We tested 3 rotational grazing systems: a 1-day dairy rotation stocked at 60 head ha-1; a 4-day beef rotation at 15 head ha-1; and a traditional, non-intensive 7-day rotation at 8 head ha-1. Paddock size (1.2 ha) and nest density (15 nests paddock(-1)) were held constant. The simulated nests were observed 4 times day(-1) to document trampling patterns during the herds' diurnal grazing and rumination cycles. Trampling damaged a mean of 75% (+/- 3.1%) of the nests for all 3 treatments during 8 consecutive replications. While the 7-day treatment exhibited a pattern of greater nest trampling during cattle grazing periods than during rumination periods, this pattern was less evident in the 4-day treatment and absent in the 1-day treatment. Increasing vegetation height-density and percent vegetation cover were associated with reduced nest trampling rates, but pasture forage production and removal were not associated with nest damage.
Availability of foods of sage grouse chicks following prescribed fire in sagebrush-bitterbrush
Pyle, W. H.; Crawford, J. A. (Society for Range Management, 1996-07-01)
A study was conducted to determine the influence of prescribed fire on the availability of primary foods of sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus Bonaparte) chicks at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Lake County, Ore. from 1987 to 1989. Responses of certain primary foods and general food categories to fire were evaluated in sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Beetle)-bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Pursh.) communities with a randomized block design established in stands where shrub cover exceeded 35%. Within blocks, habitat response was evaluated for 2 growing seasons on 4 pots used as controls, 3 plots burned in November 1987, and 4 plots burned in March 1988. Fall burning increased (P < 0.05) frequency of taxa in the dandelion tribe (Cichorieae). Other primary foods, including microsteris (Microsteris gracilis Hook.), desert-parsley (Lomatium spp. Raf.), and ground-dwelling beetles (Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae) were not influenced by burning. Spring and fall burning increased (P < 0.05) total forte cover and diversity, but decreased (P < 0.05) sagebrush cover. Prescribed fire may increase the supply of forbs available to sage grouse in montane sagebrush habitats used for brood-rearing where shrubs dominate stands at the expense of the herbaceous component.


We will be closed for the Easter holiday.
We welcome author Carla McClafferty to the bookstore to present and sign her new book, Buried Lives: The Enslaved People of George Washington's Mount Vernon. Join us for an illuminating look at the complex relationships between George Washington and the enslaved people of Mount Vernon, and the history still being uncovered there.
This month, we are reading The Rules Do Not Apply: A Memoir by Ariel Levy, about a young woman's search for meaning, love, and the choices she made.
April Fools' Day is one of Judy Moody's favorite days of the year—and it just happens to be her birthday! Stop by the bookstore to pick up a Judy Moody book and some fun swag.


From January 1st to January 31st, submit short stories and essays of up to 25 pages or a set of 1-3 poems. Winners in each genre will receive $2,000 and publication.
All entries will be considered for publication, and more than one manuscript may be entered. Before you submit, please remove your name and any other identifying information from your manuscript. Simultaneous submissions are okay, as long as you contact us should the work be accepted elsewhere. The $20 entry fee includes a one-year subscription to Crazyhorse.
CLMP's community of independent literary publishers believe that ethical contests serve our shared goal: to connect writers and readers by publishing exceptional writing. We believe that intent to act ethically, clarity of guidelines, and transparency of process form the foundation of an ethical contest. To that end, we agree to 1) conduct our contests as ethically as possible and to address any unethical behavior on the part of our readers, judges, or editors; 2) to provide clear and specific contest guidelines—defining conflict of interest for all parties involved; and 3) to make the mechanics of our selection process available to the public. This Code recognizes that different contest models produce different results, but that each model can be run ethically. We have adopted this Code to reinforce our integrity and dedication as a publishing community and to ensure that our contests contribute to a vibrant literary heritage.
1st Round of Judging: Blind Read by Genre Editors. Finalists (approximately 10 poems, 10 pieces of fiction/prose, and 10 pieces of nonfiction) will then be forwarded to the Contest Judges for the 2nd Round of Judging.
2nd Round of Judging: Blind Read by Contest Judges. Judges change on a yearly basis.
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