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"From Hope And Change To Hate And Pain: How Obama Begat Trump…or ('This Is America')!"
Posted on November 28, 2018 by alphaheel
As I surveyed the landscape last night, in search of a topic suitable to convey both my own opinion as well as an incisive analysis of this moment in our historical and sociological journey, I stumbled across a piece originally posted at cnn.com by Mallory Simon and Sara Sidner. While for my purpose, heading above works perfectly, the online article is entitled:
"In 2008, there was hope. In 2018, there is hurt. This is America's state of hate."
If I were to add a subtitle, I'd borrow from Childish Gambino; "This Is America!" Why? Because it is.
Without further ado, I give you one of the more powerful, plain spoken, fact driven assessments of our American situation that I have read this year, or any year. It is deep, but on point. I hope you take the time to read it and measure it against your own views.
By Mallory Simon and Sara Sidner, CNN
Monday, November 26th 2018, 1:19 PM HST
Tuesday, November 27th 2018, 7:19 AM HST
On Election Night in 2008, Americans gathered in Grant Park, Chicago. They cried tears of joy knowing Barack Obama would become the first black president.
For millions of Americans, Obama lifted the nation. For white supremacists, he lit a powder keg.
His election supercharged the divisions that have existed since the country's birth.
The hate created two Americas. Two realities. Split-screen reactions to the same events, that continued and were exacerbated with President Trump's victory and time in office.
When a gunman massacred nine people praying at a predominantly black church, America wept and asked for grace. But the virulent racists cheered, hailing the gunman a hero for helping to start the race war they dreamed of.
When much of America was horrified by the sight of neo-Nazis in their streets in 2017, white supremacists were almost gleeful their views were front and center.
And when a gunman stormed into a synagogue just last month, declaring "all Jews must die," Americans wept over the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in US history. But white supremacists breathed a sigh of relief. One of their biggest targets had been successfully attacked.
The era that started with hope and change had now become one of unapologetic hate.
Very different rallying cries
Most African-Americans polled immediately after the 2008 election called Obama's victory "a dream come true," one they never expected to see in their lifetime.
Not all Americans saw it that way. Racists viewed a black man in power as a signal of the browning of America. It was the sight they feared the most. They were terrified and infuriated.
White supremacists, Klansmen and others began to vent, plot and act. As Obama called for people to come together, they used his existence to drive the nation apart.
Their rallying cry became "We have a black man in the White House and you need to do something about it," according to Ken Parker, then a KKK Grand Dragon and neo-Nazi.
"We would even joke amongst ourselves, we're going to send President Obama a honorary membership to the Klan because he's our … biggest recruiting tool."
Some racism was out in the open — especially that directed at Obama and his family.
The former President was shown as a witch doctor and photoshopped often onto "Uncle Ben's" rice. His face was superimposed onto the body of a chimpanzee. His wife and former first lady Michelle Obama was called an "ape in heels."
Donald Trump, then a private citizen, questioned if the first black President was born in America. Some repeated the lie that Obama was Muslim, as if to exaggerate his "otherness."
This undercurrent of racism came as the country struggled with a divided Washington and the economic crisis following the Great Recession.
Kevin Nelson, a pastor in Kentucky, knew the reality of being a black man in America. More likely to be thought a thief. To be pulled over. To be a target. The pastor knew that a black man ascending to the highest office could not magically change what happened on the ground, in the neighborhoods where attitudes were so deeply rooted.
Yet Nelson was among the cautiously optimistic: "I think like most people, I celebrated the fact that our country had come to a point where we did not allow the pigmentation of a person's skin to stop them from getting to the Oval Office," he told CNN recently.
Any hope for progress toward racial harmony took a hit with a seemingly never-ending run of mostly young, unarmed black men being killed, often by police officers.
Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Laquan McDonald and Tamir Rice. Walter Scott. Alton Sterling. Activists put out a blunt message: "Black lives matter." Critics countered with "Blue lives matter" in support of law enforcement or just "All lives matter."
White supremacists went further. The neo-Nazi site the Daily Stormer published stories declaring, "Actually, No, Black Lives Don't Matter." They called Darren Wilson, the officer who shot Michael Brown, a "heroic killer" of Brown, whom they dubbed a "black terrorist," with no evidence whatsoever.
Then came Charleston and a man trying to start a race war.
He walked into the Mother Emanuel church and sat next to the black pastor for Bible study. For over an hour, the worshippers prayed and talked about scripture. They welcomed the stranger. Then he took out his gun, and shot them. He reloaded, and shot again. Because they were black. Because he believed lies that black people were inherently violent. And that they were always raping white women.
President Obama went to Charleston to comfort America and again try to heal some racial wounds. He sang "Amazing Grace" after delivering a eulogy and emphasized the United States of America.
But online, racists were cheering the killer.
"They had a Klan hotline and the prerecorded message, clearly said we needed more warriors like Dylann Roof," said Parker, the former Klansman.
The message ended simply: "Hail Dylann Roof, hail victory."
In a neo-Nazi chatroom, readers of the Daily Stormer used different symbols to celebrate attacks against non-whites, similar to Facebook's "like" button. The Charleston killer's bowl haircut became one of them. A caricature of the face of a Jew was another. A gas chamber button, too.
Once again, it was clear black churches were not safe. That, as in the dark days of the Civil Rights movement and the murder of four little girls in an Alabama church bombing, worshippers could be targeted for the color of their skin.
In Kentucky, Pastor Nelson started locking his church doors. He could never have known it would save his worshippers' lives.
Not black and white
Obama's presidency spanned a time of multiplying, complicated hate.
Between September 12, 2001, and the end of 2016, far-right extremists were responsible for 73% of deadly extremist attacks, though the numbers killed by far-right and Islamist extremist perpetrators were similar, government statistics show.
There was no simple target, cause, or perpetrator for the extremist attacks. A Muslim couple in California who had pledged allegiance to ISIS killed 14 at a holiday party in San Bernardino. Another American Muslim massacred 49 at a gay club in Orlando. A black man who told negotiators he was angry at police shootings and that he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers, murdered five cops in Dallas.
Obama would acknowledge the reality while trying to reinforce optimism in his final speech as President.
"After my election, there was talk of a post-racial America. Such a vision, however well-intended, was never realistic," he admitted. "For race remains a potent and often divisive force in our society. I've lived long enough to know that race relations are better than they were 10, or 20, or 30 years ago."
As Obama left office, more than half of Americans polled said they thought race relations between whites and blacks had gotten worse — up even higher than after the Charleston church attack.
Donald Trump's rhetoric on the campaign trail in 2016 seemed to bring those divisions out into the open. Trump received great support in perceived and outwardly racist language. From his call for a so-called Muslim ban, to denigrating Mexicans at his campaign announcement, Trump stirred America's melting pot of diversity and haters emerged.
It wasn't just race. Jews, Muslims, Latinos, gays, immigrants and other minority groups found themselves as targets of hate — both online and in real life.
When Trump declared he was going to Make America Great Again, racists heard a clarion call. White supremacists perceived the message as it was time to make America "white" again.
Trump's victory coincided with readership growth on white supremacist internet sites and language on message boards like 4chan and Reddit became increasingly vitriolic. A report from the Southern Poverty Law Center looking at hate groups in 2017 found there were more than 600 groups that adhere to some form of white supremacist ideology. Within that category, neo-Nazis saw the most growth over the past year, from 99 to 121 groups.
Less than a month after the election, white nationalists led by Richard Spencer shouted in support of their new President.
"Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!" Spencer yelled as supporters of the alt-right — in reality just rebranded white nationalists — raised their arms in a Nazi salute.
Lawyers for a man convicted of conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction to kill Somali Muslim refugees the day after the election now argue that he should be given leniency as he was swept up in Trump's rhetoric.
The ugly words from the campaign trail seemed to be echoed on the streets, in stores and even in schools. Day after day, stories of people becoming victims of hate incidents seemed to pop up. White schoolchildren telling classmates with darker skin to go back to Mexico. Swastikas spray-painted onto temples and cars in Jewish neighborhoods. Muslims wearing head coverings attacked on the streets. Videos of the incidents shared online and ricocheting around the world.
The FBI reported hate crimes increased in both 2016 and 2017, though it only has access to incidents classified and voluntarily reported by local agencies. A broader review by the Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates there were 250,0000 hate crime victimizations a year between 2004 and 2015.
Each incident sparked outrage in the mainstream, which helped recruiters for the hate movement. Parker was one of those recruiters, for the Klan and the National Socialist Movement. He found himself vulnerable when he left the Navy after 11 years' service as a torpedo man on submarines and came home in a bad state to a crumbling marriage.
When he reached out online, looking to fill a void, a Klansman got back to him within 15 minutes and started sowing the hate. Parker was hooked, eventually tattooing a swastika on his chest, a white power symbol on one leg and on the other, two SS lightning bolts, a reference to Hitler's, elite paramilitary force is now common imagery for white supremacists.
And he would recruit too, saying the goal was to "wake up the white race, let them know that we have a problem with minorities, Jewish people running everything."
His hate spilled into real life.
"If me and another one of my white supremacist buddies were in the grocery store and we saw a Jewish person, … we'd start making fun of them," he explains. "Like, oh, that hooked nose Jew over there, you know, probably looking for pennies," he said. "Where you see a Muslim in the grocery store, we'd start talking about, you know, the new Mohammed cartoon … sometimes we thought about grabbing a pack of bacon and throwing it in her shopping cart and walking off."
As he spewed his insults, websites like Daily Stormer grew its readership; the site is now visited more than 2.5 million times a month, according to data from analytics firm SimilarWeb. YouTube channels and podcasts dedicated to white supremacy began growing exponentially, creating an easy way to spread racist and religious hatred propaganda.
Anti-Semitic fliers began showing up on campuses as an attempt to sway young minds. Banners were strung across roadways.
"For race and nation," one read. "Diversity is a code word for White Genocide," another declared. "Danger: Sanctuary City Ahead," read another. "You will not replace us, end immigration now," another said.
The goal, as always, Parker explained, was to grow the numbers of people who felt the same as them.
"You can't go into a battle with like five people," he said. "So that was the perspective they were looking at. We're going to have a race war one day. And the more people on our side, the better."
Looking for a fight
If there was a war to be had, the preliminary battle seemed to be Charlottesville.
"I'm not gonna lie, like there were all kinds of people that went to Charlottesville that knew there were going to be a bunch of conflicts and they were just chomping at the bit waiting to be able to defend themselves with, like, extremely excessive force," Parker said.
As he rode in a van to Charlottesville from Jacksonville, Florida, with "all kind of white nationalists, Southern nationalists, Nazis whatever," he thought of George Lincoln Rockwell, the founder of the American Nazi Party. Rockwell had used a "hate bus" to harass Freedom Riders in the 1960s. Parker liked the similarities and dubbed his transport the "race bus."
"On paper, we were just going up there to, like, stand up for the white race and defend our heritage, keep the [Confederate] monuments from coming down," Parker says of those attending the Unite the Right rally. "But honestly, I think everybody was just going to fight."
Charlottesville followed numerous protests nationwide on campuses and in public parks where small groups held banners declaring white supremacy, sometimes in nominal support of keeping Confederate statues to honor American history.
In Charlottesville, the white supremacists' long-held hatred of Jews and their perceived control of the levers of power, also came out into the open.
A group of white men carrying torches marched through town shouting "Jews will not replace us." Some chanted Nazi slogans and carried Nazi flags.
It was the most overt display of anti-Semitism in years and chilled Jews in America, who had long felt safe in the United States even as they remembered the struggles and the mass murder of the Holocaust. There had been an increase in hateful rhetoric and anti-Semitic acts in Jewish neighborhoods tracked by the ADL, but this was hate in the open with a mass following.
Exclusive CNN poll reveals depth of anti-Semitism in Europe
The next day, counter protesters gathered to challenge the Unite the Right rally. Most were peaceful but there were violent clashes between the two sides, with Antifa extremists joining the opponents.
A car was driven at a crowd of counter protesters, allegedly by a man fascinated with Nazism, killing Heather Heyer and injuring others.
Heyer's death brought calls to end the violent hatred plaguing the country. But for some like Parker, the hate group recruiter, it brought joy. Someone who opposed their views had died.
"It was like jubilation with all the white nationalists when that happened," Parker said.
He eventually renounced white supremacism and his hateful views after meeting a Muslim filmmaker in Charlottesville. After they spent time together, Parker realized he didn't hate the woman. He now says he regrets his views and actions.
The delight over Charlottesville was magnified by President Trump's contradictory responses to the event. When he said there was "blame on both sides" and "fine people" among the original protesters, white supremacists saw it as a nod he supported them.
Those looking to spew hatred felt they were vindicated — and continue to quote Trump's words to this day.
Some victims felt the lack of condemnation would leave hatred unchecked and raise the possibility of more violence.
"The present administration has never gotten up and said, just stop hate," Millard Braunstein, a 91-year-old resident of Cherry Hill, New Jersey, said. "In Charlottesville the President said, there's good people on both sides. Show me a good neo-Nazi and show me a good Ku Klux Klansmen. I mean, it just isn't there."
A race war did not break out after Charlottesville.
But even if America has not seen a repeat of a large white supremacist rally since, it's arguable that no place is safe from hate.
An Indian engineer was gunned down in a bar in Olathe, Kansas, by a man who reportedly yelled "Get out of my country."
A 17-year-old in Virginia allegedly killed his girlfriend's parents after the couple tried to get their daughter to stop dating him because of his suspected neo-Nazi views.
Even the dead could not rest in peace.
Braunstein, the 91-year-old in New Jersey, found his mother's headstone was among about 100 gravesites desecrated in Philadelphia's Mount Carmel Cemetery in February 2017. Many were toppled and cracked.
"How could this happen in America today? That was my first thought," Braunstein said.
For Jews, the America they saw as a sanctuary, was in many cases gone. Anti-Semitic acts in 2017 were the second highest since the Anti-Defamation League began tracking it in 1979.
Barry Werber knew what it meant to have a refuge as a Jew.
"This was the land of milk and honey," he said. "This was where everything would be right."
Some of Werber's cousins died in Nazi death camps. Those who survived were permanently scarred — by numbers tattooed on their arms, and by worse.
Werber tells the story of one cousin. "He was used by the German scientists for experiments to find out if muscles will regrow once you cut them out of an arm. They had literally cut the muscles out of his arms to see if they would regrow," Werber recalls, beginning to choke up. "And he had to live with that. Thank God I never had to go through that."
Werber's dose of hell would come unexpectedly, 73 years after the Holocaust and on American soil.
He went to temple to say the Mourner's Kaddish for his mother, when a gunman walked in and shot his way through the building. Eleven of his fellow worshippers died in the deadliest anti-Semitic attack in American history, according to the ADL.
He buried so many friends in just one week. And always with a growing fear that rather than the "Never Again" refrain that followed the Holocaust, there will be an "Again." He worries that people may become afraid to associate with Jews as they become frequent targets. It reminds him of the shtetls, the ghettos and little villages where Jews were clustered before the Nazis came for them.
"Can it happen again? Unfortunately, it can if the wrongness continues to grow, and the allowance by any leadership allows it to grow," Werber says. "There are always people out there willing to jump on bandwagons of hate and that's exactly what it is."
The Pittsburgh shooter had been on Gab, a social media site favored by alt-right followers, that is a frequent source of hate imagery and language, especially towards Jews.
Moments before the massacre, he published an anti-Semitic message, saying, "I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in." According to an officer on the radio, the shooter told police, "All these Jews need to die."
Locked out, but not locked up
The doors of the First Baptist Church in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, are locked.
Pastor Nelson wishes it could be an open haven, like the temple in Pittsburgh or how Mother Emanuel had been in Charleston.
But since that black church was attacked, the doors have been closed at this house of worship that serves the largest and oldest black congregation in the area, surrounded by mostly white suburbs.
And the locked doors likely changed the church's history.
Last month, parishioners were inside when a man approached, apparently intent on doing harm.
"Cameras capture him trying to get in and on the sanctuary door," Pastor Nelson says. "He bangs on it and pulls on it and he backs up, put his hand on the gun. So whoever would've opened it would have possibly have gotten shot and killed."
Unable to get in, the man left. The locked doors may have saved some of Nelson's flock, but they did not stop the hate.
The stranger went to a nearby supermarket. He walked through the sprawling aisles. He could have shot at many people, but he didn't. He chose two. They were black. Before he was captured, the shooter told a bystander, "Whites don't shoot whites."
His intention was clear. He sought to take the lives of black people. One of them was Vickie Jones, who was shopping for groceries for the evening when she was gunned down.
Her nephew Kevin Gunn says he cannot believe his aunt survived breast cancer only to die at the hands of hate.
"It hurts to think that there are people who are out there who just don't like people because they're different, whether it's their skin color or race, gender, sexual orientation," he says.
He blames the rhetoric in politics and proliferation of hate online for the culture that seems to allow hate to thrive.
"We used to be able to meet people in the middle and agree to disagree," Gunn says.
Pastor Nelson also believes things are on a dangerous course. But he's seen where we've been, and as a black man living in the South there is little that surprises him anymore.
"I'm not shocked or surprised by anything because of all that we've gone through and continue to go through," he says. "I'm just always saddened that in 2018 and on the brink of 2019 it still hasn't gotten any better."
Still he tries to give a positive message to his parishioners.
"Although things and people will get worse, we don't have to become worse with it."
Gunn, who lost his aunt, can't think what worse even looks like.
"I have to sleep at night," he says.
But he can't help but be fearful.
"I think the more that we try to combat racism, it seems like it comes back two-fold now," Gunn says.
"It's kind of like the Hydra," Gunn says, comparing racists to the multi-headed serpent of Greek mythology.
"You chop off one and then … two more pop up in its place."
Parker, the now-repentant ex-Nazi, is getting his tattoos lasered off. As with America, the stain of hate may take a long time to disappear and eventually, hopefully, heal.
And that is the roadmap "From Hope And Change To Hate And Pain: How Obama Begat Trump…or, ('This is America')!"
Read my blog anytime by clicking the link: https://thesphinxofcharlotte.com/. Find a new post each Wednesday.
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Subsequent editions of "Break It Down" will be mailed to your in-box. Consult the links below for more detailed information on a variety of aspects relating to this post:
https://www.kitv.com/story/39541374/in-2008-there-was-hope-in-2018-there-is-hurt-this-is-americas-state-of-hate
https://thesphinxofcharlotte.com/2018/11/28/from-hope-and-change-to-hate-and-pain-how-obama-begat-trump-or-this-is-america/
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2 thoughts on ""From Hope And Change To Hate And Pain: How Obama Begat Trump…or ('This Is America')!""
CYNTHIA M HEATH on November 29, 2018 at 9:51 pm said:
alphaheel on November 30, 2018 at 8:14 am said:
Cynthia:
They ready did a great job. That's why I was compelled to share.


To bad my Internets isn't fast enough to play more then two at once. Nevertheless, I am impressed.
this stuff has been linked at least twice by uncloned.
There's nothing new on the internet, please move on.
Sorry if it's been linked on this forum, I did not spot it here.
nuttin bad happened LV, he just posted them fairly recently i thought you didn't missed it. Well, it's more upfront this way anyway.


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Home/Tim Pawlenty Drops Out
Tim Pawlenty Drops Out
Rich MitchellAugust 14, 2011
After finishing in 3rd place in the Iowa Straw Poll former Minnesota Govenor Tim Pawlenty is dropping out of the race.
In a Sunday morning conference call with supporters, Pawlenty said, "We cannot envision a path forward to victory, and so therefore we made a decision to end the campaign."
Pawlenty expected to get a boost from the Iowa straw poll results for his struggling campaign. As he stated on "This Week", "We needed to get some lift to continue on and have a pathway forward. That didn't happen, so I'm announcing this morning on your show that I'm going to be ending my campaign for president.
Rep. Michele Bachmann, also a Presidential candidate, release this comment on Pawlenty's decision:
This morning I spoke with Governor Pawlenty to express my respect and admiration for him, and to wish him and his family well. Running for the presidency requires enormous self-sacrifice. Governor Pawlenty brought an important voice and ideas to the campaign, and he served the people of Minnesota and our country well. Our party and our country are better as a result of his service and commitment.
Minnesota Politics race Straw Poll The 2012 Election Tim Pawlenty
Rich Mitchell
Rich Mitchell is the editor-in-chief of Conservative Daily News and the president of Bald Eagle Media, LLC. His posts may contain opinions that are his own and are not necessarily shared by Bald Eagle Media, CDN, staff or .. much of anyone else. Find him on twitter, facebook and GETTR
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Mr. Ormand is a former member of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Alternative Staffing, and handled a wide variety of employment law matters.
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Durham Dynamos will be looking to bounce back at Derbyshire
Durham Dynamos play their second-last Yorkshire Bank 40 match away to Derbyshire while Yorkshire play Somerset at Taunton
After a disappointing loss to Essex earlier this week, Durham Dynamos will be looking to bounce back this evening when they play their second-last Yorkshire Bank 40 match away to Derbyshire.
The Dynamos struggled in their innings after a top order collapse with Will Smith's 53 the only solid score in their total of 138.
The loss means they have slipped down the Pool B table to second behind Hampshire and will now need to win their final two games against Derbyshire and Surrey (at home on August 26) to be in with a chance of making Finals Day at Lord's.
Durham have made no changes to the squad which played against Essex for a match which will be screened live by Sky Sports.
Yorkshire are also in action tonight, when they play Somerset at Taunton.
Meanwhile South Africa batsman Hashim Amla has joined Surrey until the end of the season.
The 30-year-old will make his debut against Durham on August 22 and will be available for all Surrey's six remaining games in the LV County Championship.
Amla replaces his international team-mate JP Duminy, who is playing for Hyderabad Sunrisers in the Champions League T20 next month and would have been unable to fulfil the two-month period that had been agreed.
Amla, who has previously played domestic cricket in England for Essex and Nottinghamshire, leads the batting rankings in both Test and one-day internationals.
He said: "The Kia Oval holds a lot of fond memories for me personally.
"I look forward to returning there this year and hopefully enjoying similar success."
Surrey are currently fighting to avoid relegation from Division One of the County Championship.
Durham CCC
Yorkshire CCC


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'People think I'm a drug addict' - Man shares his pain as he battles rare saliva cancer
Mr Parker says people 'look at him and judge'
Rhea Turner
Gareth Parker is pictured before and after his cancer diagnosis (Image: Gareth Parker)
A man has spoken out about how people mistaken him for a drug addict when he's actually battling a rare cancer.
Gareth Parker, 42, was a hard-working man who loved to go out with his friends.
But he got worried when he started having sharp pains in his neck.
Soon, doctors gave his devastating news which "changed his life", reports DerbyshireLive.
He has since partially lost his speech, his teeth, his ability to eat and drink properly and his confidence.
Mr Parker, of Middle Close, Swadlincote, said: He said: "Even though I know I have cancer, people look at me and judge.
"If I tried to speak to someone in the supermarket, they look at me as if they are taken aback.
"I can see it in their eyes - because of my teeth and my weight, they think I'm a drug addict.
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Face of teenager caught selling crack cocaine in Leicester city centre
"Because of that it took a long time for me to get the courage to go out on my own.
"But I know how valuable my time is and I have to make the most of it while I am here and think positive.
"I don't want to go before I am ready. I just have to hope for the best."
Diagnosis was a long and painful road
Mr Parker said: "Around June time last year I started to get a sharp pain in my neck.
"It was just a stabbing pain that kept coming and going.
"I didn't really think anything of it at first but as the month went on it got really bad so I went to the doctors.
"They checked me over and had a look in my mouth and said it was swollen.
"I was given antibiotics because they thought it was a viral infection.
Gareth Parker is pictured before his diagnosis (Image: Gareth Parker)
"The medication didn't help and I started to think the worst. Because I smoke, I had it in my head that it might be throat cancer. I was in panic mode."
Mr Parker was sent for blood tests to test for the killer disease, but when they came back negative and his pain subsided, he breathed a sigh of relief.
He said: "I was so relieved and I just wanted to carry on as normal, but it didn't last long.
"In January this year the pain started again, but this time it wasn't just in my throat.
"It was all along the right side of my jawline and I was having earache too.
"I struggled, but I was still going to work, knocking back paracetamol and ibuprofen."
Desperate for a second opinion, Mr Parker went to the dentist.
He said: "I wasn't sure if it was anything dental but they took an x-ray.
"The dentist said something didn't look right inside my mouth.
"She rang the Royal Derby Hospital and they got me in that afternoon to see a head and neck specialist."
Mr Parker, who has been a team leader at Bladon House School for 12 years, said that was when he started to get some answers.
He said: "The specialist knew straight away something was wrong and within six weeks I had an MRI scan and a CT scan.
"Then I was put to sleep twice and had swabs and biopsies took from my mouth and throat.
"The first lot of results that came back showed nothing and the second biopsies were also clear, so they ran further tests."
Gareth Parker can no longer eat normally and drinks food in liquid form (Image: Gareth Parker)
In April this year, almost a year after the pain started, Mr Parker was diagnosed with salivary duct carcinoma - cancer of the saliva.
He said: "At first I was told they were benign tumours, but then the diagnosis came.
"I was shocked. I had never even heard of saliva cancer.
"The doctors told me they couldn't operate because of the extent of the cancer and where it was situated.
"They also don't know the source of it. It is bizarre because the pain was on the right but the cancer is on the left."
'It went downhill from there'
Mr Parker said as soon as he was diagnosed, he partially lost his speech.
He said: "It went downhill from there.
"I used to love making people laugh, but my speech has really suffered and now people struggle to understand me.
"I am tired all the time and I get out of breath talking.
"I used to love walking and I was always quite active, but I can't do it now.
"I will pace myself and go to Sainsbury's, but when I get back I need a lie down.
"Even the little things I used to take for granted like eating and drinking are not the same anymore.
Residents fed up of having to rescue cars from flooded road that has been shut for 2 months
Fire crews issue warning to motorists over winter driving after 'nasty' accident
"I have to drink with a straw so I live off Ribena and milk and I have not had a cup of tea for six months.
"It has also really affected my tastebuds and I can't eat, so instead I have five bottles of a strawberry liquid every day.
"The combination of not being able to chew, swallow properly or taste food the same means I don't enjoy food even if I can eat it.
"On Christmas Day I was determined to have a dinner and I managed one potato, three sprouts and a tiny bit of turkey. I had to leave the table because it was so depressing.
"I yearn to taste flavour again and if I could eat again and not have the peg in my stomach, I would live with the cancer, but it has taken away the things I enjoy.
"I can't go for meals with friends to socialise and I don't have the energy for a night out. I couldn't drink even if I want to.
"I get night sweats and leg cramps and my saliva also builds up, which is frustrating as I cannot swallow properly, so I can't do anything about it.
"I wake up choking on it. It is really scary."
Radiotherapy took its toll
Mr Parker was given radiotherapy to combat the cancer, but the horrific side effects meant he made the tough decision to stop treatment.
He said: "It was tough but I lost nearly three stone in two months and I felt like I had travel sickness constantly.
"It knocked me for six. I was violently sick with severe migraines and I lost seven teeth.
"It got to a point where I said to my mum 'I can't afford to lose any more weight. I need my strength if I am going to fight this'."
Mr Parker, who is a former Pingle School pupil, said for now it is "just a waiting game" and knowing what to come is the hardest part.
He said: "I am so lucky that I have such supportive family and I am really close to my mum.
Gareth Parker has a rare cancer in his saliva (Image: Gareth Parker)
"I am her only son, so it is not nice for her to watch what this is doing to me.
"From what I have read - and I don't like to read too much as it can be quite frightening - life expectancy is on average five years, so it is just a waiting game now.
"I have lost family and friends to cancer so I know what is coming and that is the worst part. But it is out of my hands I just have to take it one day at a time.
"Hopefully I have a few years left in me, but the damage is already done.
"I am never going to get my speech back or be able to enjoy a nice meal and I am constantly thinking 'am I going to be here next week? Next month?'.
"I try not to think about it, but I can't help it. The cancer takes over your life."
CrimeBlatant burglars wheeled away £104k of new computer equipment from Leicester Royal Infirmary Judge said: 'You involved yourself in a very serious commercial burglary at a hospital'


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A bustling metropolis of art, culture, architecture and history, Rome is a living monument and a vibrant and exciting city offering something for every type of traveler. From food and wine connoisseurs to history and culture seekers, party goers to sun worshippers, it doesn't matter whether you're on a budget or splashing out, you'll be spoilt for choice. With the centre listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, one of the most magical things about Rome is that every corner reveals yet another important historic monument, spanning a variety of eras. Must see attractions are the Michelangelo-adorned Sistine Chapel, the Coliseum, the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, not to mention the Trevi Fountain, St Peter's Square and the Vatican museum.
Grand Hotel Via Veneto, Via V. Veneto 155, Via Veneto, 00187 Rome Grand Hotel Via Veneto is a new, luxurious hotel in one of Rome's most famous streets. You can walk to Villa Borghese park, or stroll to Trevi Fountain in minutes. There is a choice of elegant rooms and junior suites, all provided with satellite TV with pay channels and free Wi-Fi. Each is decorated with fine fabrics and handmade furniture. The roof garden features views of Porta Pinciana and Villa Borghese park. The unique lobby includes a crystal ceiling and a Murano glass chandelier.
Hotel Capannelle,Via Siderno 37, Appio Latino, 00178 Rome Hotel Capannelle offers an outdoor swimming pool, and a free shuttle to/from Ciampino Airport and 2 of Rome's metro stations. It is in a historic area 12 km from city centre. Rooms at the Capannelle are spacious and air-conditioned, some offer views of the garden. All rooms feature satellite and pay-per-view TV, as well as Wi-Fi access. Capanelle Hotel's Marco Polo restaurant serves Roman dishes. Drinks and snacks are available in the lounge with bar. The historic neighbourhood includes ancient Villa dei Quintili and the Parco degli Acquedotti, home to Rome's historic aqueducts. The golf club Circolo del Golf di Roma is a 5-minute drive away, as is Capannelle Racecourse, which is also a popular concert venue.
B&H Hotel Fiume, Via Brescia 5, Nomentano, 00198 Rome With direct bus links to/from Roma Termini Train Station and the historic centre, B&H Hotel Fiume is near Villa Borghese Park. Rooms feature a flat-screen TV with satellite channels. The B&H is located in Piazza Fiume, and features a rooftop terrace with city views. The elegant Via Veneto, with its many cafés and restaurants, is a short walk away. Rooms come with air conditioning, elegant parquet floors, and a private bathroom with shower. Free Wi-Fi is available in the lobby.
Giulio Cesare, Via Degli Scipioni 287, Vaticano Prati, 00192 Rome The 4-star Giulio Cesare is located in the elegant Prati area in central Rome, 300 metres from Lepanto Metro Station. This 19th-century building features a roof garden overlooking the Vatican. Rooms are decorated in a classic style with precious chandeliers and antique furniture. Each room has an LCD TV with cable and pay-per-view channels, plus a private marble bathroom. Some rooms overlook the garden. Hotel Giulio Cesare is just a 15-minute walk from St Peter's Basilica and 10 minutes on foot from the famous Piazza Del Popolo. Termini Station is 5 Metro stops away.
Hotel Palacavicchi, Via di Ciampino 70, 00178 Ciampino Located just outside Rome, Hotel Palavicchi is a 3 star hotel boasting an excellent position within easy reach of Ciampino Airport. Less than 2 km from Rome's famous low cost airport, Hotel Palavicchi is the ideal spot for visiting the Eternal City and its surrounding areas. The Roman Castles, Archaeological Park of Appia Antica and Rome's historic centre are all within a 25 km radius of the hotel. Hotel Palacavicchi is well connected to main motorways (G.R.A.), railway stations and public transport (Metro A - Anagnina station) and will even provide a shuttle service to airport, railway and metro at an additional cost. Providing modern and comfortable accommodation, the hotel has separated the structure into 2 areas. One area is dedicated to groups to ensure all guests a relaxing stay.


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PLAYLIST: September 2021
by Get In Her Ears
The GIHE team have unearthed more new music gems for you to listen to on our September Playlist! There's an eclectic mix of shadowy post punk anthems, wholesome emotional tunes, alt-pop tracks & immersive electronic sounds. Take some time to scroll through our track choices below and make sure you hit play on the Spotify playlist at the end of this post.
Follow GIHE on Spotify to hear all of our previous playlists too.
LIINES – 'Keep On Going'
The latest single from GIHE faves, Manchester trio LIINES 'Keep On Going' is an empowering call to arms. Propelled by a frenetic sense of urgency, I just love its fierce, unrelenting energy and Zoe McVeigh's trademark seething, soaring vocals. (Mari Lane)
Fräulein – 'Belly'
I've been obsessed with London based duo Joni Samuels and Karsten van der Tol aka Fräulein for over a year now, and their latest single does not disappoint. Propelled by sparse hooks and raw, loose beats, as Joni's sweeping vocals take centre stage, 'Belly' showcases the band's knack for creating gritty, grunge-fuelled offerings with a unique, brooding energy. Fräulein headline The Windmill in Brixton on 25th October. (ML)
Grandmas House – 'Girl'
Taken from their upcoming self-titled debut EP, which is set for release on 15th October via Brace Yourself Records (JOHN, Nuha Ruby Ra, Laundromat, Peeping Drexels), the latest single from Bristol punk trio Grandmas House is a playful ode to the joys and frustrations of queer love. We can't wait to see the band live at The Windmill in Brixton on 3rd November. (Kate Crudgington)
M(h)aol – 'Gender Studies'
A rumbling cacophony of post-punk noise designed to dismantle the misconception that gender is binary, the latest single from Irish feminist post-punk band M(h)aol is a brief but powerful statement on the empowering feelings that come with challenging gender norms. It's the title track from their debut EP, which is set for release via TULLE on 29th October (digitally) and 15th January (physically). (KC)
Visibly Choked – 'Mother Tongue'
When I read that Canadian punks Visibly Choked describe themselves as "A hardcore Kate Bush" or "five people having a panic attack," I knew I'd found a new favourite band. This track 'Mother Tongue' is taken from their debut self-titled EP, which is set for release via Mothland on November 5th. (KC)
th'sheridans – 'I Don't Wanna Be Dismembered'
Following a decade on the scene, indie pop duo th'sheridans have recently released an epic, career-spanning compilation, Pieces Of General, combining both old favourites and some newer treats. Taken from the album, 'I Don't Wanna Be Dismembered' showcases the band's knack for creating sparkling calls to arms – poignant creations, unsubtle in conveying their anti-fascist, anti-racist and anti-sexist values, whilst oozing a quirky, colourful spirit. Read more about the duo in our recent interview. Pieces Of General is out now via Reckless Yes. (ML)
ĠENN – 'Catalyst'
Taken from their recent EP Liminal, ĠENN's latest single 'Catalyst' offers a perfect slice of high-energy post-punk. Having been long term faves here at GIHE, wowing us with their explosive live show at our gig nights more than once, ĠENN's latest offering delivers a rousing sonic rush with a fizzing energy. An empowering rallying cry to fight against those seeking to oppress your true spirit. (ML)
Mumble Tide – 'On My Deathbed There's A Full Page (You Don't Get To Read It)'
The context of this shiny new track by Bristol-based duo Mumble Tide is an introverts DREAM. "This song is about reflecting on years of unrequited love, about the light that can shine out of a void," explains vocalist Gina. "It's about how chasing something that isn't real requires creativity and resilience, but also ignorance." Mumble Tide will be releasing a mini-album titled Everything Ugly via Nothing Fancy on 3rd December. (KC)
Francis of Delirium – 'Come Out and Play'
Inspired by coulrophobia (the fear of clowns), I love this shadowy, atmospheric single from Luxembourg-based, Canadian born artist Jana Bahrich aka Francis of Delirium. The single is accompanied by an amazing monochrome animated video that Bahrich created herself, which you can watch here. (KC)
Softcult – 'House Of Mirrors'
I am such a sucker for Softcult's melancholy, grunge-tinged sounds and this latest single is no exception. "We wrote 'House Of Mirrors' about wanting to make the people in our lives proud, but feeling as though we've failed them by not living up to our potential," explain sisters Phoenix and Mercedes Arn Horn. You can watch the accompanying video here. (KC)
Cherym – 'We're Just Friends'
Ahead of the release of their upcoming new EP Hey Tori, Derry trio Cherym recently shared vibrant single 'We're Just Friends'. A heartfelt reflection on life and love, particularly from the perspective of non-heteronormative couples, it oozes a swirling energy and all the honey-sweet punk-pop vibes you could ever desire. Hey Tori is out 1st October via Alcopop! Records and I cannot wait to be launched back into the world of gigs seeing them live at Paper Dress Vintage, next Wednesday 6th October! (ML)
Sleigh Bells – 'True Seekers'
I just can't get enough of the immense new album from long term favourites Sleigh Bells. Taken from Texis, 'True Seekers' may be a step away from the usual explosive, exuberant sounds Sleigh Bells are known for, but loses none of the duo's searing power and emotion-filled anthemic splendour. I was lucky enough to have a chat with Alexis Krauss from Sleigh Bells a few weeks ago. We talked about the new album, the formation of Sleigh Bells and her involvement with Young Women Who Crush – an amazing sounding organisation that she co-founded for young women and gender expansive youth, inspiring them to discover the outdoors and develop their leadership skills. Have a read here. (ML)
Lunar Vacation – 'Gears'
The latest single from Atlanta based band Lunar Vacation, 'Gears' oozes a dreamy, shimmering allure as it reflects on the deterioration of a relationship. Against the backdrop of a scuzzy, whirring musicality, Grace Repasky's honey-sweet crystalline vocals float seamlessly with an ethereal splendour. A heartfelt slice of irresistibly effervescent indie-pop. (ML)
SPIDER – 'I'm Fine, I'm Good, I'm Perfect!'
A brooding, dark-pop tune that reflects on the grey area between feeling emotionally overwhelmed and totally apathetic, I love this tune from London-based, Irish born musician & producer SPIDER. 'I'm Fine, I'm Good, I'm Perfect!' playfully embraces and dismisses life's darker moments with its catchy chorus and smooth vocals. (KC)
Maria Uzor – 'Donuts'
Having been massive fans of Norwich duo Sink Ya Teeth for a number of years now, we're super excited to hear that vocalist and songwriter Maria Uzor has now released her debut solo EP, Innocence and Worldliness. To celebrate the EP's release, Maria shared a brand new video for 'Donuts'. Propelled by a swirling, glitchy energy and whirring, otherworldly allure, it's a wonderfully immersive sonic fusion. A perfectly blissful cacophony that will take you on a rainbow-tinted trip into space. So, grab some pastries, sit back, and immerse yourself in the trippy, colourful haze of 'Donuts' now. And watch the euphoric video here. (ML)
Elsa Hewitt – 'Inhaler'
Taken from her album LUPA which she self-released on her own imprint ERH earlier this year, I've enjoyed delving into the soundscapes of Elsa Hewitt and letting her music envelop me. She's going to be playing the Pickle Factory on 1st October and I cannot encourage you enough to go check her out, when she played for us at Notting Hill Arts Club it was mesmerising. (Tash Walker)
Julia-Sophie – 'And You Know It'
A total fave of mine, Julia-Sophie has nearly finished her third EP which is set to be released very soon. Plus, she's going to be playing The Windmill in Brixton on the 5th October and I for one cannot wait to see her live for the first time. A date for all your diaries. Hope to see you there. (TW)
Liyv – 'Let Me Know'
Occasionally the world sends you a signal that you should listen to a song, and I had that with this one. Not only did it pop up on my Spotify, but Liyv the artist who created it popped into my inbox too. Based in Portland Oregon, this is their new single which is just beautiful. Taken from the upcoming album Matriach, this single is a message to their younger self, which builds and builds with the intense emotion Liyv is unpacking throughout the song. (TW)
Dear Laika – 'Black Moon, Lilith'
I'm loving this creation from 23-year-old UK-based musician Isabelle "Izzy" Thorn, aka Dear Laika. They're set to release their new album Pluperfect Mind on 29th October via Memorials of Distinction (UK) & NNA Tapes (ROW) and I can't wait to hear the record in full. (KC)
Okay Kaya – 'If I Can Help Somebody'
Coming in at only 1.44, this is the latest release by a total love of mine, Okay Kaya, the last person I saw before lockdown at SET in Dalston. 'If I can Help Somebody' is the lead single from her forthcoming mixtape, The Incompatible Okay Kaya, set for release on 22nd October via Jagjaguwar. This cover strips back the song we normally hear performed with a gospel choir and if you listen really closely, you can almost here the emotion about to break in her voice. What a voice, what gentleness. (TW)
Hand Habits – 'No Difference'
Hand Habits is the moniker of Los Angeles-based non binary musician Meg Duffy, and I just love the shimmering emotion and lilting energy of that track; they just seem to have a special knack for creating beautifully heartfelt indie-pop. A perfectly soothing treat for the ears. 'No Difference' is taken from Hand Habits' upcoming new album Fun House, which is set for release on 22nd October via Saddle Creek Records. (ML)
Girlhood – '4AM'
We have so much love for London duo Girlhood here at GIHE! '4AM' is full of more of Tessa's distinctive, beautiful vocals, poignant lyrics and Christian's smooth instrumentation. Check out their debut album here. (KC)
Lilith Ai – 'Bare Radical'
I had such a lovely chat with songwriter Lilith Ai ahead of her performance at Loud Women Festival a few weeks ago (read the full thing here.) This track 'Bare Radical' is taken from her Hercury Prize winning album Folk You Hard, which you can listen to here. (KC)
Toni Sancho – 'Survive!'
Raised in North Greenwich with strong family ties to Trinidad, 'Survive!' is songwriter & musician Toni Sancho's debut single. It's a raw, charming offering that, as Toni explains, "is about recognising when a situation isn't good for you and having the wisdom to walk away." (KC)
Bestfriend – 'Hannah In The City'
DIY duo Stacy Kim and Kaelen Geoffrey aka Bestfriend with their latest confessional slice of 'bedroom electro pop', 'Hannah In The City'. Despite being written by them both via email, you'd never guess the physical distance between them; their emotional connection and harmonious vocals shine perfectly through in this sparkling soundscape. Bestfriend's upcoming EP Places I've Lived, is set for release on 1st October. (ML)
Foxgluvv – 'Fever Dream'
Taken from her new EP Deep Dive, 'Fever Dream' is a lush slice of electro-pop that showcases Foxgluvv's dreamy vocals perfectly. Created alongside her producer Scott Colcombe, we're all big fans of Foxgluvv's hungover-pop sounds here at GIHE. (KC)
Posted in Features, PlaylistsTagged alt pop, DIY BANDS, diy promoters, electronic music, get in her ears, guitar music, indie, LGBTQ artists, london music scene, new music, new music playlist, non binary artists, post punk, punk, riot grrrl, september 2021, september playlist, spotify playlist, women in music
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Q: Is there any scenario, situation, or way to make "doing something selfishly" have a positive connotation? The thing is, I am confused whether the word selfish itself can be used without expressing a negative connotation. I am a bit biased about it since I believe that by using this word it automatically implies that a third party will be affected by the action.
The thesaurus provides self-interested, self-seeking, egoistic; illiberal, parsimonious, and stingy as its synonyms; and I am aware that some can be used in a positive manner. For example self-seeking doesn't necessarily mean I am affecting someone else.
In other words, will everyone who hears selfish automatically perceive a negative meaning for the preceding action?
Could there be a better word that could express a similar meaning without being negative?

A: Ayn Rand wrote a book called The Virtue of Selfishness.
As an Objectivist, she espouses rational selfishness.
That page says

In popular usage, the word "selfishness" is a synonym of evil; the image it conjures is of a murderous brute who tramples over piles of corpses to achieve his own ends, who cares for no living being and pursues nothing but the gratification of the mindless whims of any immediate moment.
Yet the exact meaning and dictionary definition of the word "selfishness" is: concern with one's own interests.

The connotations of selfishness outweigh its denotation. To express yourself without a lot of hand-waving, try qualifying it with rational selfishness, enlightened self-interest, or simply self-interest.

A: I think if you use the phrase 'self-focused' you might be able to get away with it. It doesn't sound quite as bad as the other examples you have provided.

A: Self-preservation

Self-preservation is the first responsibility — Margaret Anderson

A: My mileage varies from that of the OP. For me, "self-seeking" is always negative, morally worse than "selfish". It implies actively doing something against the welfare of someone else, not just having a bad attitude deep inside.
Although I am absolutely not a Randian, I have possibly congruent issues with the word "selfish" from my own experience: having suffered from the sort of person who would say, "You're being very selfish for not bringing me a cup of tea (before I ask for one!)" To me, "selfishness" may mean doing what I want and am entitled to in place of doing what you want and are not entitled to. People use accusations of selfishness to be selfish! Abusus non tollit usum, of course, but still.
As for "self-centered", I have always had problems understanding it. I live (even am trapped) in my body, how can I possibly be centered anywhere else? One is surely self-centered in the sense that one is necessarily the centre of one's own universe but one may still act according to the Categorical Imperative or whatever other ethical system floats one's boat. IOW, being "self-centered" doesn't mean that you have to be nasty.
My own preferred term for what the bad guys do is predation. They are treating us as food.

A: There certainly is potential for selfishness to be positive but it is complicated and more about context than semantics or philosophy! I work with the very elderly, in the cohort of 28 I work with I have 3 centenarians, 6 who might be centenarians in 2020, a few youngsters paddling around in sub  90 zone and the rest all nonagenarians.  That is a bloody long time to have to be grateful to people and their support of your physical and/or mental frailty.
I gallop elders off on trips to/ rendezvous with family/friends at, art galleries, museums, sporting venues, cafes, woods, farms, pubs, restaurants, rural shows, concerts, trails etc. In response to their thanks I claim to be using them to have an excuse to have a good time myself and get out of of my work place and their home, 'totally selfish really'. In the normal home based routine I claim (and actually do have) a very low boredom threshold - we do not get stuck into a bingo / sing song rut.  Instead I work on the basis that if I am bored, my crew will be bored too.
At this point we become collaborators, they do not have to feel 'grateful', I am no longer a do-gooder, they know they provide the excuse and I provide the imagination and drive, between us we subvert the status quo and have a rollicking good time!  My 'selfishness' empowers people to no longer just be lovingly carried burdens but people with the power to gift me and us pleasure.
Selfish in the right, possibly ironic context can be good.  Which then opens the whole subject of irony and the British v American sense of humour?

A: Ambition is related and can be positive, but it's not quite the same thing, and in the wrong context it could be seen negatively.

ambition - an ardent desire for rank, fame, or power

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: convert a message of a txt file lower case to upper case?something like that $file:toUpper() but nothing convert a lower case message txt to an upper case
How to convert a lower case message txt to an upper case? Using transform operator?


Over 1,400 stands featuring exhibitors from more than 60 countries were open to visitors at DOMOTEX in Hanover from 11 – 14 January. The leading trade fair for carpets and floor coverings recorded a slight drop in visitor numbers. However, operator Deutsche Messe still reported positive results: "The strong internationality of DOMOTEX makes it a global marketplace for the industry. This and the strong feeling of optimism in the exhibition halls about the 2019 financial year are a testament to the success of this year's event," said Dr. Andreas Gruchow, member of the Board of Hanover-based Deutsche Messe AG, as the trade fair ended.
Following on from that, from 14 – 19 January, BAU 2019 took place in Munich and concluded with a new visitor record, in contrast to the Hanover event. In an exhibition space covering over 200,000 m2 for the first time, 2,250 exhibitors from 45 countries showcased their products and solutions for the construction industry. The event received 250,000 visitors, including a new high of 85,000 foreign visitors from over 150 countries, underlining BAU as the world's leading trade fair for architecture, materials and systems. With close to 70,000 attendees, one in four visitors was from the architecture, engineering and planning sectors.
Alongside numerous highlights from its interiors, flooring, and building materials product ranges, SWISS KRONO Group also presented its new SWISS KRONO TIMBER PLANNER, the digital successor to the successful "Timber frame construction handbook." Visitors, customers and partners, as well as its own staff, were enthusiastic about the new service tool and positive about its success. Other products presented by SWISS KRONO Group included the German Design Award-winning CamuStyleTX collection, SWISS KRONO OSB/3 sensitive, designed for more sensitive applications and construction projects, as well as SWISS KRONO MAGNUMBOARD® OSB and SWISS KRONO LONGBOARD OSB – high-performance wood-based materials for quick, eco-friendly building.


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Iycee Charles de Gaulle
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Role of Advertisement in Modern India Essay
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be called the zone of life on Earth, a closed (apart from solar and cosmic radiation), and self-regulating system. [1] From the broadest biophysiologicalpoint of view, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
The biosphere is postulated to have evolved, beginning through a process of biogenesis or biopoesis, at least some 3. billion years ago. [2] In a broader sense; biospheres are any closed, self-regulating systems containing ecosystems; including artificial ones such as Biosphere 2 and BIOS-3; and, potentially, ones on other planets or moons. [3] Contents [hide] * 1 Origin and use of the term * 1. 1 Narrow definition * 1.
2 Gaia hypothesis * 2 Extent of Earth's biosphere * 3 Specific biospheres * 4 See also * 5 References * 6 External links| ————————————————- [edit]Origin and use of the termThe term "biosphere" was coined by geologist Eduard Suess in 1875, which he defined as:[4] "The place on Earth's surface where life dwells. " While this concept has a geological origin, it is an indication of the impact of both Charles Darwin and Matthew F. Maury on the earth sciences.
The biosphere's ecological context comes from the 1920s (see Vladimir I. Vernadsky), preceding the 1935 introduction of the term "ecosystem" by Sir Arthur Tansley (see ecology history). Vernadsky defined ecology as the science of the biosphere.It is an interdisciplinary concept for integrating astronomy, geophysics, meteorology, biogeography, evolution, geology,geochemistry, hydrology and, generally speaking, all life and earth sciences.
[edit]Narrow definition A familiar scene on Earth which simultaneously shows the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Some life scientists and earth scientists use biosphere in a more limited sense. For example, geochemists define the biosphere as being the total sum of living organisms (the "biomass" or "biota" as referred to by biologists and ecologists).In this sense, the biosphere is but one of four separate components of the geochemical model, the other three beinglithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
The narrow meaning used by geochemists is one of the consequences of specialization in modern science. Some might prefer the word ecosphere, coined in the 1960s, as all encompassing of both biological and physical components of the planet. The Second International Conference on Closed Life Systems defined biospherics as the science and technology of analogs and models of Earth's biosphere; i.
. , artificial Earth-like biospheres. Others may include the creation of artificial non-Earth biospheres—for example, human-centered biospheres or a native Martian biosphere—in the field of biospherics. [edit]Gaia hypothesis In the early 1970s, the British chemist James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis, a microbiologist from the United States, added to the hypothesis, specifically noting the ties between the biosphere and other Earth systems. For example, when carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere, plants grow more quickly.As their growth continues, they remove more and more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Many scientists are now involved in new fields of study that examine interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in the biosphere, such as geobiology and geomicrobiology.
Ecosystems occur when communities and their physical environment work together as a system. The difference between this and a biosphere is simple, the biosphere is everything in general terms. ————————————————- edit]Extent of Earth's biosphere Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. Image is the Earth photographed from Apollo 17. Every part of the planet, from the polar ice caps to the Equator, supports life of some kind. Recent advances in microbiologyhave demonstrated that microbes live deep beneath the Earth's terrestrial surface, and that the total mass of microbial life in so-called "uninhabitable zones" may, in biomass, exceed all animal and plant life on the surface.
The actual thickness of the biosphere on earth is ifficult to measure. Birds typically fly at altitudes of 650 to 1,800 metres, and fish that live deep underwater can be found down to -8,372 metres in the Puerto Rico Trench. [2] There are more extreme examples for life on the planet: Ruppell's vulture has been found at altitudes of 11,300 metres; bar-headed geese migrate at altitudes of at least 8,300 metres; yaks live at elevations between 3,200 to 5,400 metres above sea level; mountain goats live up to 3,050 metres.Herbivorous animals at these elevations depend on lichens, grasses, and herbs. Microscopic organisms live at such extremes that, taking them into consideration, makes the thickness of the biosphere much greater. Culturable microbes have been found in the Earth's upper atmosphere as high as 41 km (25 mi) (Wainwright et al. , 2003, in FEMS Microbiology Letters).
It is unlikely, however, that microbes are active at such altitudes, where temperatures and air pressure are extremely low and ultraviolet radiation very high.More likely, these microbes were brought into the upper atmosphere by winds or possibly volcanic eruptions. Barophilic marine microbes have been found at more than 10 km (6 mi) depth in the Mariana Trench (Takamia et al. , 1997, in FEMS Microbiology Letters). Microbes are not limited to the air, water or the Earth's surface. Culturable thermophilic microbes have been extracted from cores drilled more than 5 km (3 mi) into theEarth's crust in Sweden (Gold, 1992, and Szewzyk, 1994, both in PNAS), from rocks between 65-75 °C.
Temperatureincreases with increasing depth into the Earth's crust. The speed at which the temperature increases depends on many factors, including type of crust (continental vs. oceanic), rock type, geographic location, etc. The upper known limit of temperature at which microbial life can exist is 122 °C (Methanopyrus kandleri Strain 116), and it is likely that the limit of life in the "deep biosphere" is defined by temperature rather than absolute depth.
Our biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar flora and fauna.On land, biomes are separated primarily by latitude. Terrestrial biomes lying within the Arctic and Antarctic Circles are relatively barren of plant and animal life, while most of the more populous biomes lie near the equator. Terrestrial organisms in temperate and Arctic biomes have relatively small amounts of total biomass, smaller energy budgets, and display prominent adaptations to cold, including world-spanning migrations, social adaptations, homeothermy, estivation and
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First doses of authorized Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine administered in Ohio
By Pete Muntean and Greg Wallace
Updated 10:14 AM EST, Wed March 3, 2021
See first dose of Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine being administered
The long-awaited, one-dose Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine has now been administered in the United States for the first time outside of a clinical trial.
Barbara Schmalenberger, 86, was the first to receive the vaccine at the Schottenstein Center, in Columbus, Ohio, an arena where mass vaccines are taking place, just days after it was authorized.
"It was really exciting," Schmalenberger told CNN after getting the shot. "When I got out of my car, I was shaking I was so excited. I couldn't wait."
Johnson & Johnson's is the third Covid-19 vaccine to be authorized for use in the United States. Unlike the other two, it only requires one shot, and is more easily transported and stored, since it can be kept at normal refrigerator temperatures.
President Joe Biden speaks about efforts to combat COVID-19, in the State Dining Room of the White House, Tuesday, March 2, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
Biden now says US will have enough vaccine for every adult by the end of May
Almost 4 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine will be available immediately, adding to the amount allotted to states and the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program.
Schmalenberger's journey has been emotional, she said.
"I called yesterday and I was on the phone with them a long time. I was crying because I was upset, because I couldn't find out when I could get this shot and I wanted this shot. I didn't want to settle for anything else."
Almost 16% of the total US population has gotten at least one shot of a vaccine as of Tuesday morning, according to CDC data.