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How to Write a Supplemental Essay for College Applications Discover tips for tackling writing supplements, and read a sample essay from a current student. By Kelly Mae Ross, Staff Writer | April 16, , at a.m.
Aug 02, · Here are some tips compiled from experts for writing that all-important application essay, which can often mean the difference between getting accepted — or rejected — by the school of your. The Common Application has announced that the personal essay writing prompts will be the same as the seven essay prompts. By conducting a review process every other year, rather than annually, we can hear from admissions officers, as well as applicants, parents, and counselors, about the effectiveness of the essay .


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text:
Second stage places decided, experience proves key for Jiang Huajun
Places in the main draw at stake; as matters progressed on the afternoon of Friday 7th October at the Seamaster 2016 Women's World Cup in Philadelphia, Hong Kong's Jiang Huajun duly reserved her berth, as did Germany's Sabine Winter and the host nation's Lily Zhang.
Jiang Huajun accounted for Austria's Sofia Polcanova in five games (7-11, 11-9, 11-8, 11-6, 11-6); the contest concluding after Sabine Winter had beaten Lily Zhang by a similar margin (11-2, 8-11, 11-8, 11-8, 11-7).
Jiang Huajun proved too secure for Sofia Polcanova (Photo: Bruce H. Liu)
Defeat for Lily Zhang but a second stage place alongside Sabine Winter is assured.
One day earlier Turkey's Hu Melek had withdrawn from proceedings, too late to find replacement. The overall effect was that the first stage involved one of the four groups consisting of only two players. The draw resulted in it being that involving Lily Zhang and Sabine Winter.
It was the second time on the international scene that Lily Zhang and Sabine Winter had crossed swords; some six years earlier they had met in snow ridden Bratislava at the World Junior Championships in the first stage of the Girls' Team event.
"It was my first match and I was a bit nervous but I started off very well in the first game. I am feeling good and satisfied. I am essentially a forehand player and my backhand was also good today. I have lot of respect for Lily, I am happy I was able to play my game well." Sabine Winter
The verdict on that occasion had been resolved in favour of Sabine Winter but it had been a close affair; the full five games had been required to determine the result (6-11, 11-8, 11-5, 7-11, 11-5).
In Philadelphia, the outcome was more definitive in a contest played a breakneck speed.
Success for speed, for Jiang Huajun, now one day short of her 32nd birthday it was success for experience in opposition to Sofia Polcanova who celebrated her 22nd birthday the previous month.
The left Austrian made by far the better start, her speed the key to success; eventually, control and the renowned backhand ever more potent, Jiang Huajun assumed control. It was the first meeting in a World ranking event between Jiang Huajun and Sofia Polcanova.
A place in the main draw for Jiang Huajun, having earlier in the day accounted for Colombia's Lady Ruano (11-9, 11-3, 11-3, 11-6) was assured.
Meanwhile, for Sofia Polcanova there was also to be progress; in the concluding contest in the group, she ended the hopes of Lady Ruano (12-10, 11-5, 11-5, 11-4)
Progress it was the same for both Spain's Shen Yanfei and Dina Meshref as they secured runners up spots in their respective groups.
Dina Meshref having lost earlier in the afternoon to Hungary's Georgina Pota (6-11, 11-9, 13-11, 11-7, 11-8) overcame Zhenhua Dederko (11-9, 11-4, 11-6, 11-4); Shen Yanfei accounted for Wu Yue to end the hopes of the host nation (11-8, 11-6, 11-4, 11-6).
"She is a very good player. She is a very experienced player. She plays with medium length pimples on her backhand and it's difficult for me. I am very happy that I was able to win four-nil. I really wanted to qualify for the next stage and I am glad I did it." Dina Meshref
Earlier at the start of the afternoon's session of play, Shen Yanfei had experienced defeat at the hands of Elizabeta Samara (11-8, 13-11, 11-9, 11-7).
Elizabeta Samara, Georgina Pota, Jiang Huajun and Sabine Winter concluded matters in first places in their respective groups; second places went to Shen Yanfei, Dina Meshref, Lily Zhang and Sofia Polcanova.
World Cup Women's News Dina Meshref Sabine Winter Jiang Huajun
New dates announced for 2019 ITTF Men's World Cup
29 May 2019 Press Releases
World Cups here we come!
Dreamland for Fan Zhendong
21 Oct 2018 Press Releases
Fan Zhendong puts his name up in lights on final day in Paris
21 Oct 2018 World Cup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Japanese View of Pearl Harbor
Kafū Nagai, 1927
Remember December 8!
On this day the history of the world was changed.
The Anglo-Saxon powers
On this day we're driven back on East Asian land and sea,
It was their Japan that drove them back,
A tiny country in the Eastern Sea,
Nippon, the Land of the Gods
Ruled over by a living God.
– Nagai Kafū (1879-1959)
Kafū Nagai (永井 荷風, December 3, 1879 – April 30, 1959) was the pen name of author, playwright, essayist, and diarist Nagai Sōkichi (永井 壮吉). He wrote of life in early 20th-century Tokyo among geishas, prostitutes, cabaret dancers, and other denizens of the city's lively entertainment districts.
Comments, contributions, corrections, and suggestions are always welcome: Cancel reply
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text:
Q: Efficient algorithm to search for matching substrings longer than 14 characters of a text inside another text I've got a long text (about 5 MB filesize) and another text called pattern (around 2000 characters).
The task is to find matching parts from a genom-pattern which are 15 characters or longer in the long text.
example:
long text:
ACGTACGTGTCA
AAAACCCCGGGGTTTTA
GTACCCGTAGGCGTAT AND MUCH LONGER
pattern:
ACGGTATTGAC
AAAACCCCGGGGTTTTA
TGTTCCCAG
I'm looking for an efficient (and easy to understand and implement) algorithm.
A bonus would be a way to implement this with just char-arrays in C++ if thats possible at all.

A: Here's one algorithm - I'm not sure if it has a name.  It requires a "rolling hash" - a (non-cryptographic) hash function that has the property that given the hash of a sequence AB...C, it is efficient to calculate the hash of the sequence B...CD.

*

*Calculate the rolling hashes of the sequences pattern[0..14], pattern[1..15], pattern[2..16]... and store each index in pattern in a hash table.

*Caculate the rolling hash of haystack[0..14] and see if it is in the hash table.  If it is, compare haystack[0..14] to pattern[pos..pos+14] where pos was retrieved from the hash table.

*From the rolling hash of haystack[0..14], efficiently compute the rolling hash of haystack[1..15] and see if it is in the hash table.  Repeat until you reach the end of haystack.
Note that your 15 character strings only have 230 possible values so your "hash function" could be a simple mapping to the value of the string treated as a 15 digit base-4 number, which is fast to compute, has the rolling hash property and is unique.

A: One way would be to get hold of an implementation of Aho-Corasick and use it to create something that will recognise any of the 15-character chunks in the pattern, and then use this to search the text. With Aho-Corasick the cost to build the matcher and the cost to search are both linear, so this should be practical.

A: Stand back, I'm gonna live-code:
void match_substring(const char *a, const char *b, int n) // n=15 in your case
{
    int alen = strlen(a); // I'll leave all the null-checking and buffer-overrun business as an exercise to the reader
    int blen = strlen(b);
    for (int i=0; i<alen; i++) {
        for (int j=0; j<blen; j++) {
            for (int k; (i+k<alen) && (j+k<blen) && a[i+k]==b[i+k]; k++);
            if (k >= n)
                printf("match from (%d:%d) for %d bytes\n", i, j, k);
        }
    }
}

A: If you're using a good implementation of the C library (or even a mediocre one like glibc that happens to have a good implementation of this function), strstr will do very well. I've heard there's a new algorithm that's especially good for DNA (small alphabet), but I can't find the reference right now. Other than that, 2way (which glibc uses) is optimal.

A: I would highly suggest going to your library and checking out "Algorithms 4th Edition" by Robert Sedgwick and Kevin Wayne. They have an entire chapter devoted to substring searching.
In addition, it is probably worth checking out the book website algs4.cs.princeton.edu.
TL;DR -- If you're determined, you can whip yourself up a substring search using char arrays in guaranteed time linear to input length. There are code samples in the book and online. Doesn't get much easier than that.

A: i think the "suffix tree" can solve it better with a preformance of O(log n)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: cross product of vectors - distance from a line.
I have the following question :
  Let $A$ and $B$ be distinct points in $\mathbb R^3$. Show that the distance, d,
  of the point $P\in{\mathbb R^3}$, from the line through A and B is given by
  $$d=\frac{|PA\times PB|}{|AB|}$$
  I know
  $$ |PA\times PB|=|PA||PB|{\sin(\theta)}$$
  but where to from here? I know that the line to the line connecting $A$ and
  $B$ is orthogonal to $AB$.

A: Since $3$ points in $\mathbb{R}^3$ forms a plane, so you can just think of this problem as in $\mathbb{R}^2$ for simplicity. Now in the triangle $PAB$, denote the angles at each vertex $P$ $B$ by $\theta$, $\beta$ respectively. Using Sine law, we have:
$\frac{|PA \times PB|}{|AB|}=|PA||PB|\frac{\sin \theta}{|AB|}=|PB|\sin \beta=d,$ where $d$ is the distance from $P$ to $AB$. And we are done.


Your gift to DocFilm will support completion of the Madame Mars project – not only the documentary film but also transmedia games and apps designed to inspire and educate the next generation of Martians.
If you would prefer to initiate your gift with a personal contact, please email Madame Mars Director Jan Millsapps or Executive Producer and Director of the DocFilm Institute Soumyaa Behrens. Please include your phone number. You can also call 415-405-3753 for more information.


Trident Rubber Elbows provide ultimate flexible connectors for Marine Wet Exhaust Systems. They offer much greater tolerance to heat, misalignment, engine movement and vibration, with significant savings in cost, parts, labor and space. Highest max. continuous operating temps - 280ºF (138ºC). Exceeds (SAE J2006-R3, and ABYC & NMMA P1) Std.
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3.00 5.25 5.25 1.75 1.50 2.00 0.25 2-7/8" to 3-1/4" 2-3/8" to 3"
3.50 5.50 5.50 1.75 1.50 2.00 0.25 3-1/2" 2-3/4" to 3-1/4"
4.00 5.75 5.75 1.75 1.50 2.00 0.25 4" 2-1/4" to 3-1/2"
4.50 6.00 6.00 1.75 1.50 1.75 0.25 4-1/2" 4"
5.00 6.00 6.00 1.75 1.62 1.75 0.25 5" 4-1/8" to 4-1/2"
6 x 5 7.00 6.25 1.50 1.70 1.50 0.31 6" / 5" 6" / 4-1/8" to 4-1/2"
6.00 7.00 7.00 2.25 2.00 1.75 0.25 6" 6"
12.19 9.10 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.25 6" 6"
8.00 8.50 8.50 2.00 2.25 2.12 0.37 8" 8"
10.00 10.50 10.50 2.25 2.25 3.12 0.37 10" "Long" 10"


Search for 'Katamari Damacy' returned 4 results.
When Keita Takahashi, creator of Katamari Damacy, mentioned his dislike of Nintendo\'s controller emphasis in an interview with Gamesutra.com, it raised the eyebrow of at least one of our editors. Aaron Stanton takes a moment to reflect on the irony inherent in the maker of Katamari - a brilliant game with a terrible control scheme - criticizing Nintendo for paying too much attention to how a game should be interacted with. Takahashi has become known for holding himself separate from the rest of the video game industry, as well as being able to think outside the box, but there are some parts of Katamari that could have benefited from a little influence from the mainstream.
Namco and Bandai have merged their companies, and the resulting reorganization has given birth to Namco Networks, a new company dedicated to mobile gaming. GF! got the chance to speak with Scott Rubin, Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Namco Networks in North America. Rubin knows the ins and outs of mobile gaming and discussed a lot of topics, ranging from the challenges involved in developing games for mobile phones to the possibility of Katamari Damacy making an appearance on a handset near you. Get the full interview here.


text:
wolverhampton homes login
[div>a href="https://www.wolverhamptonhomes.org.uk/my-home/repairs/report-a-repair/my-account/">/div>s
Homes in Wolverhampton | My Account
/a>/h2>div>span>span>/a>div>/div>div>div>div>div>div>div>div>a data-priority=
Wolverhampton Homes ad="2″ href="https://www.wolverhamptonhomes.org.uk/my-home/repairs/report-a-repair/my-account/">/a>
Step 1: Open an account Scroll to the bottom of the My Account login page and click the relevant button. You must choose Current Customers – if you are a renter or housing applicant but have never used My Account before.
Homes in Wolverhampton | Repairs Wolverhampton Homes' contact information may be found at a href="https://www.wolverhamptonhomes.org.uk/contact-us/">div>div>div>/div> Homes in Wolverhampton | Get in touch a href="https://www.homesinthecity.org.uk/homes-in-the-city-explained/re-register-your-application">div>/div> Register your application once more – City Apartments
div>div>div>div>/div> div> Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton's website may be found at https://www.wolverhampton.gov.uk/council-tax. div> City of Wolverhampton Council: Council Tax
MayaFairbank
This comprises residences owned by registered housing groups and the City of Wolverhampton Council. On behalf of the Council, Wolverhampton Homes oversees housing throughout the city. Our housing portfolio is managed by four management agents: Visit our Contact a Council Housing Office page if you need to get in touch with any management agents.
What information do I need to register with Wolverhampton Homes?
If you are a current client, you will need your tenant payment reference number or housing applicant application or bid number in order to register. A functioning email account is further required. To create an account with Wolverhampton Homes, you must have a working email address.
How many people are involved in the Wolverhampton Tenants' Association?
Five of them are independent professionals with experience in a range of fields, five are tenants who actually reside in the houses, and five are council members for Wolverhampton City Council.
Who is the chief executive of Wolverhampton Homes?
In 2018, Shaun was appointed Chief Executive. He has held operational and executive managerial positions throughout his considerable career in social housing, including asset management and housing management. Shaun most recently served as Wolverhampton Homes' Director of Operations.
Who is responsible for the management of temporary housing in Wolverhampton?
The administration of temporary housing, housing choices outreach, and other responsibilities were entrusted to WH by the City of Wolverhampton Council in December 2017, and Angela is now in charge of those tasks. Additionally, Angela is expanding the current tenant sustainment services.
What's in the mayor of Wolverhampton newsletter?
We'll let you know what your mayor has been up to recently in each issue, and there will also be profiles on a number of neighborhood organizations, such the Wolverhampton Sea Cadets. The City's Fairtrade store, among other things. A set of helpful phone numbers is included (if there are any we missed, do let us know), and Black Country Poet Trevor Johnson frequently contributes a poem.
How do I apply for a house in Wolverhampton?
There are a ton of internet guidelines and helpful hints, and it's quite easy. Learn more by visiting www.learnmyway.com. If you're still having issues, the following resources could be helpful: You must register as an Existing Applicant or Tenant if you have an active housing application or if you currently reside in a Wolverhampton Homes home.
Why work for Wolverhampton Homes?
With a career with Wolverhampton Homes, you may have a true feeling of social responsibility while also contributing to communities all throughout the city. We have more than 600 coworkers with specialized knowledge in everything from gas fitting and plastering to customer service and property management!
How do I get married in Wolverhampton?
We certify notifications of intent from Wolverhampton citizens who want to wed in the city and grant permission for the union to proceed. We issue city-approved venue licenses. At authorized locations and the registration office, we conduct civil marriage/civil partnership ceremonies.
How do I register a death in Wolverhampton?
We only record fatalities and stillbirths. Only telephone registrations for deaths are accepted. Please get in touch with us at Register.Office@wolverhampton.gov.uk or by calling 01902 555777. Applications for standard certificates and notices of marriage ceremonies have been put on hold until after the COVID-19 crisis.
Can a landlord prevent a tenant association from meeting?
eviction threats. Additionally, if other groups are permitted to assemble in a common space on the property of the building, the landlord may not prohibit a tenant association from doing the same, provided that the meeting's conditions (such as the time, location, and noise level) are reasonable.
How do I get involved in a tenant association or organization?
You may have the chance to join a tenant association or group if you rent a house in a large residential building or development or if you live in a mid- to large-sized city. Contact the housing department of your city for further information. Tenant organizations include, for instance:
Can a landlord prevent a tenant from forming a group?
Landlords are prohibited from interfering with a tenant's ability to join or take part in an organization established to defend their rights, as well as from harassing, punishing, or denying them of any privileges as a result of exercising this right. Tenant groups have the right to gather [free of charge] on-site or in spaces designated for community use.
Do tenant associations have special legal powers?
Tenant associations are not given any specific legal rights or formal legal recognition. A tenant association is just a collection of individuals who have chosen to cooperate in dealing with their landlord and other issues affecting their neighborhood.
Who is the director of governance for Wolverhampton Council?
As the Director of Governance, David Pattison joined the City of Wolverhampton Council in February 2020. David is the Council's Monitoring Officer, in charge of the Legal Equalities Democratic and Electoral services as well as the Council's internal good governance.
What is Angela's role at Wolverhampton Housing Works?
She is in charge of providing financial counseling and housing help for tenants. The administration of temporary housing, housing choices outreach, and other responsibilities were entrusted to WH by the City of Wolverhampton Council in December 2017, and Angela is now in charge of those tasks. Additionally, Angela is expanding the current tenant sustainment services.
Can a landlord force a tenant to join a group?
230 of the Real Property Law Landlords are prohibited from interfering with a tenant's ability to join or take part in an organization established to defend their rights, as well as from harassing, punishing, or denying them of any privileges as a result of exercising this right. Tenant groups have the right to hold meetings on the property [for free] in spaces designated for common use.
What is a tenant s Association?
Simply said, tenants organizations are coalitions of individuals who have chosen to cooperate in dealing with their landlord and other neighborhood-related issues. The law does not force your landlord to acknowledge or work with your renters organization, so at first, they could just ignore you.
How to communicate with tenants?
The Seven Principles of Landlord-Tenant Relations
Be respectful and professional at all times. Don't be overly pleasant or talk down to your renters since respect breeds respect.
Automate the crucial tasks. You might want to think about automating the most critical communications, unless you want to manually send out a dozen emails or SMS each month —… Keep business hours until they get in touch with you first.
What is a bad tenant?
The Destroyer is the fourth bad tenant. This renter is responsible for any deliberate or inadvertent property damage and destruction. There are several reports of tenants purposefully damaging property on a daily basis, terrifying those who work in real estate. The expense of having a renter like this
landlord shells out hundreds of dollars…
What is joint tenancy and what is tenants in common?
Joint tenants in common refers to the lack of survivorship rights in the ownership of an asset or piece of property by at least two persons. A legal structure known as joint tenancy involves two or more persons.
What is a resident association?
definition A Inhabitants Association (RA) is a neighborhood organization made up of local citizens who act as the voice of all residents in a certain neighborhood or building. Membership in a RA is accessible to all citizens of the area (tenants and leaseholders).
Why does tenants in common have no rights of survivorship?
There is a potential workaround for the fact that tenants in common partners do not have rights of survivorship due to the nature of a tenants in common agreement. In other circumstances, each partner stipulates in their will that their respective share of the property shall pass to the surviving partners.
What is an example of tenancy in common?
A type of co-ownership called tenancy-in-common enables several people to have equity stakes in a property. As an illustration, John and Jane spend $400 000 on a home. John pays $100,000, whereas Jane pays $300,000. According to the tenancy-in-common arrangement, Jane would own a 75% portion of the property's equity while John would hold a 25% stake.
Which description of joint tenancy is best?
The right to use and administer the property belongs to all joint tenants, albeit it may be difficult if some of them are not married. One joint tenant may compel the sale of the property in a partition litigation. Only if joint tenants have different heirs can non-simultaneous death result in problems with heirs inheriting the property.
What is the meaning of tenants in common?
Understanding The Various Forms Of Property Ownership
Renting in multiples: That seems serious, huh?… tenancy shared: This is used to describe uneven or equal undivided ownership between two or more persons. Shared Tenancy: Interest, possession, time, and title are the four requirements for this sort of ownership…./li>/ul>p> ""title":"/body>" /div>


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text:
UNT Libraries - 41 Matching Results
Results: 1 - 24 of 41 next
Years 7 Months 3 Access 2 Degree Discipline 5 Degree Level 2
Partner: UNT Libraries Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations Decade: 2000-2009 Department: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clear All Filters
Amorphization and De-vitrification in Immiscible Copper-Niobium Alloy Thin Films
Description: While amorphous phases have been reported in immiscible alloy systems, there is still some controversy regarding the reason for the stabilization of these unusual amorphous phases. Direct evidence of nanoscale phase separation within the amorphous phase forming in immiscible Cu-Nb alloy thin films using 3D atom probe tomography has been presented. This evidence clearly indicates that the nanoscale phase separation is responsible for the stabilization of the amorphous phase in such immiscible systems since it substantially reduces the free energy of the undercooled liquid (or amorphous) phase, below that of the competing supersaturated crystalline phases. The devitrification of the immiscible Cu-Nb thin film of composition Cu-45% Nb has been studied in detail with the discussion on the mechanism of phase transformation. The initial phase separation in the amorphous condition seems to play a vital role in the crystallization of the thin film. Detailed analysis has been done using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and 3D atom probe tomography.
Creator: Puthucode Balakrishnan, Anantharamakrishnan
Item Type: Refine your search to only Thesis or Dissertation
Surface Engineering and Characterization of Laser Deposited Metallic Biomaterials
Description: Novel net shaping technique Laser Engineered Net shaping™ (LENS) laser based manufacturing solution (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, NM); Laser can be used to deposit orthopedic implant alloys. Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloy system was deposited using LENS. The corrosion resistance being an important prerequisite was tested electrochemically and was found that the LENS deposited TNZT was better than conventionally used Ti-6Al-4V in 0.1N HCl and a simulated body solution. A detailed analysis of the corrosion product exhibited the presence of complex oxides which are responsible for the excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, the in vitro tests done on LENS deposited TNZT showed that they have excellent biocompatibility. In order to improve the wear resistance of the TNZT system boride reinforcements were carried out in the matrix using LENS processing. The tribological response of the metal matrix composites was studied under different conditions and compared with Ti-6Al-4V. Usage of Si3N4 balls as a counterpart in the wear studies showed that there is boride pullout resulting in third body abrasive wear with higher coefficient of friction (COF). Using 440C stainless steel balls drastically improved the COF of as deposited TNZT+2B and seemed to eliminate the effect of "three body abrasive wear," and also exhibited superior wear resistance than Ti-6Al-4V.
Creator: Samuel, Sonia
Bulk and Interfacial Effects on Density in Polymer Nanocomposites
Description: The barrier properties of polymers are a significant factor in determining the shelf or device lifetime in polymer packaging. Nanocomposites developed from the dispersion of nanometer thick platelets into a host polymer matrix have shown much promise. The magnitude of the benefit on permeability has been different depending on the polymer investigated or the degree of dispersion of the platelet in the polymer. In this dissertation, the effect of density changes in the bulk and at the polymer-platelet interface on permeability of polymer nanocomposites is investigated. Nanocomposites of nylon, PET, and PEN were processed by extrusion. Montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS) in a range of concentrations from 1 to 5% was blended with all three resins. Dispersion of the MLS in the matrix was investigated by using one or a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Variation in bulk density via crystallization was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. Interfacial densification was investigated using force modulation atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. Mechanical properties are reported. Permeability of all films was measured in an in-house built permeability measurement system. The effect of polymer orientation and induced defects on permeability was investigated using biaxially stretched, small and large cycle fatigue samples of PET and nylon nanocomposites. The effect of annealing in nylon and nanocomposites was also investigated. The measured permeability was compared to predicted permeability by considering the MLS as an ideal dispersion and the matrix as a system with concentration dependent crystallinity.
Creator: Sahu, Laxmi Kumari
Measurement of Lattice Strain and Relaxation Effects in Strained Silicon Using X-ray Diffraction and Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Description: The semiconductor industry has decreased silicon-based device feature sizes dramatically over the last two decades for improved performance. However, current technology has approached the limit of achievable enhancement via this method. Therefore, other techniques, including introducing stress into the silicon structure, are being used to further advance device performance. While these methods produce successful results, there is not a proven reliable method for stress and strain measurements on the nanometer scale characteristic of these devices. The ability to correlate local strain values with processing parameters and device performance would allow for more rapid improvements and better process control. In this research, x-ray diffraction and convergent beam electron diffraction have been utilized to quantify the strain behavior of simple and complex strained silicon-based systems. While the stress relaxation caused by thinning of the strained structures to electron transparency complicates these measurements, it has been quantified and shows reasonable agreement with expected values. The relaxation values have been incorporated into the strain determination from relative shifts in the higher order Laue zone lines visible in convergent beam electron diffraction patterns. The local strain values determined using three incident electron beam directions with different degrees of tilt relative to the device structure have been compared and exhibit excellent agreement.
Creator: Diercks, David Robert
Characterization of Cure Kinetics and Physical Properties of a High Performance, Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Prepreg and a Novel Fluorine-Modified, Amine-Cured Commercial Epoxy.
Description: Kinetic equation parameters for the curing reaction of a commercial glass fiber reinforced high performance epoxy prepreg composed of the tetrafunctional epoxy tetraglycidyl 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM), the tetrafunctional amine curing agent 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and an ionic initiator/accelerator, are determined by various thermal analysis techniques and the results compared. The reaction is monitored by heat generated determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by high speed DSC when the reaction rate is high. The changes in physical properties indicating increasing conversion are followed by shifts in glass transition temperature determined by DSC, temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), step scan DSC and high speed DSC, thermomechanical (TMA) and dynamic mechanical (DMA) analysis and thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD). Changes in viscosity, also indicative of degree of conversion, are monitored by DMA. Thermal stability as a function of degree of cure is monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The parameters of the general kinetic equations, including activation energy and rate constant, are explained and used to compare results of various techniques. The utilities of the kinetic descriptions are demonstrated in the construction of a useful time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram and a continuous heating transformation (CHT) diagram for rapid determination of processing parameters in the processing of prepregs. Shrinkage due to both resin consolidation and fiber rearrangement is measured as the linear expansion of the piston on a quartz dilatometry cell using TMA. The shrinkage of prepregs was determined to depend on the curing temperature, pressure applied and the fiber orientation. Chemical modification of an epoxy was done by mixing a fluorinated aromatic amine (aniline) with a standard aliphatic amine as a curing agent for a commercial Diglycidylether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy. The resulting cured network was tested for wear resistance using tribological techniques. Of the six anilines, 3-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline were determined to have lower wear than the ...
Creator: Bilyeu, Bryan
Electrochemical synthesis of CeO2 and CeO2/montmorillonite nanocomposites.
Description: Nanocrystalline cerium oxide thin films on metal and semiconductor substrates have been fabricated with a novel electrodeposition approach - anodic oxidation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that as-produced cerium oxide films are characteristic face-centered cubic fluorite structure with 5 ~ 20 nm crystal sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study probes the non-stoichiometry property of as-produced films. Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy have been applied to analyze the films as well. Deposition mode, current density, reaction temperature and pH have also been investigated and the deposition condition has been optimized for preferred oriented film formation: galvanostatic deposition with current density of -0.06 mA/cm2, T > 50oC and 7 < pH < 10. Generally, potentiostatic deposition results in random structured cerium oxide films. Sintering of potentiostatic deposited cerium oxide films leads to crystal growth and reach nearly full density at 1100oC. It is demonstrated that in-air heating favors the 1:2 stoichiometry of CeO2. Nanocrystalline cerium oxide powders (4 ~ 10 nm) have been produced with anodic electrochemical synthesis. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate lattice expansion phenomenon related to the nanoscale cerium oxide particles. The pH of reaction solution plays an important role in electrochemical synthesis of cerium oxide films and powder. Cyclic voltammetry and rotation disk electrode voltammetry have been used to study the reaction mechanisms. The results indicate that the film deposition and powder formation follow different reaction schemes. Ce(III)-L complexation is a reversible process, Ce3+ at medium basic pH region (7~10) is electrochemically oxidized to and then CeO2 film is deposited on the substrate. CE mechanism is suggested to be involved in the formation of films, free Ce3+ species is coordinated with OH- at high basic pH region (>10) to Ce2O3 immediately prior to electrochemically oxidation Ce2O3 to CeO2. CeO2 / montmorillonite nanocomposites were electrochemically produced. X-ray ...
Creator: Wang, Qi
Hydrophobic, fluorinated silica xerogel for low-k applications.
Description: A new hydrophobic hybrid silica film was synthesized by introducing one silicon precursor (as modifiers) into another precursor (network former). Hybrid films have improved properties. Hydrolysis and condensation of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) (solvent (EtOH) to DMDES molar ratio R = 4, water to DMDES molar ratio r = 4, 0.01 N HCl catalyst) was analyzed using high-resolution liquid 29Si NMR. It was found that after several hours, DMDES hydrolyzed and condensed into linear and cyclic species. Films from triethoxyfluorosilane (TEFS) have been shown to be promising interlayer dielectric materials for future integrated circuit applications due to their low dielectric constant and high mechanical properties (i.e., Young's modulus (E) and hardness (H)). Co-condensing with TEFS, linear structures from DMDES hydrolysis and condensation reactions rendered hybrid films hydrophobic, and cyclic structures induced the formation of pores. Hydrophobicity characterized by contact angle, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, and dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (DSIMS), dielectric constant determined by impedance measurement, and mechanical properties (E and H) determined by nanoindentation of TEFS and TEFS + DMDES films were compared to study the effect of DMDES on the TEFS structure. Hybrid films were more hydrophobic and thermally stable. DMDES incorporation affected the dielectric constant, but showed little enhancement of mechanical properties.
Creator: Zhang, Zhengping
Determination of Wear in Polymers Using Multiple Scratch Test.
Description: Wear is an important phenomenon that occurs in all the polymer applications in one form or the other. However, important links between materials properties and wear remain illusive. Thus optimization of material properties requires proper understanding of polymer properties. Studies to date have typically lacked systematic approach to all polymers and wear test developed are specific to some polymer classes. In this thesis, different classes of polymers are selected and an attempt is made to use multiple scratch test to define wear and to create a universal test procedure that can be employed to most of the polymers. In each of the materials studied, the scratch penetration depth s reaches a constant value after certain number of scratches depending upon the polymer and its properties. Variations in test parameters like load and speed are also studied in detail to understand the behavior of polymers and under different conditions. Apart from polystyrene, all the other polymers studied under multiple scratch test reached asymptotes at different scratch numbers.
Creator: Damarla, Gowrisankar
Investigation of growth kinetics of self-assembling monolayers by means of contact angle, optical ellipsometry, angle-resolved XPS and IR spectroscopy.
Description: Absorption of octadecanethiol and p-nitrobenzenethiol onto gold surfaces from ethanol solutions has been studied by means of contact angle, optical ellipsometry, angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS), and with grazing angle total reflection FTIR. Growth of the monolayers from dilute solutions has been monitored and Langmuir isotherm adsorption curves were fitted to experimental data. A saturated film is formed within approximately 5h after immersion in solutions of concentrations ranging from 0.0005mM to 0.01mM. We found, that the final density of monolayer depends on the concentration of the solution.
Creator: Jakubowicz, Agnieszka
Development of a Novel Grease Resistant Functional Coatings for Paper-based Packaging and Assessment of Application by Flexographic Press
Description: Recent commercial developments have created a need for alternative materials and methods for imparting oil/grease resistance to paper and/or paperboard used in packaging. The performance of a novel grease resistant functional coating comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium tetraborate pentahydrate (borate) and acetonedicarboxylic acid (ACDA) and the application of said coating by means of flexographic press is presented herein. Application criteria is developed, testing procedures described, and performance assessment of the developed coating materials are made. SEM images along with contact angle data suggest that coating performance is probably attributable to decreased mean pore size in conjunction with a slightly increased surface contact angle facilitated by crosslinking of PVA molecules by both borate ions and ACDA.
Creator: Brown, Robert W.
Synthesis and characterization of crystalline assembly of poly Nisopropylacry-lamide)-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles.
Description: In this study, crystalline poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AAc) nanoparticle network in organic solvents was obtained by self assembling precursor particles in acetone/epichlorohydrin mixture at room temperature followed by inter-sphere crosslinking at ~98 °C. The crystals thus formed can endure solvent exchanges or large distortions under a temporary compressing force with the reoccurrence of crystalline structures. In acetone, the crystals were stable, independent of temperature, while in water crystals could change their colors upon heating or changing pH values. By passing a focused white light beam through the crystals, different colors were displayed at different observation angles, indicating typical Bragg diffraction. Shear moduli of the gel nanoparticle crystals were measured in the linear stress-yield ranges for the same gel crystals in both acetone and water. Syntheses of particles of different sizes and the relationship between particle size and the color of the gel nanoparticle networks at a constant solid content were also presented. Temperature- and pH- sensitive crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc hydrogel was prepared using osmosis crosslinking method. Not only the typical Bragg diffraction phenomenon was observed for the hydrogel but also apparent temperature- and pH- sensitive properties were performed. The phase behavior of PNIPAm nanoparticles dispersed in water was also investigated using a thermodynamic perturbation theory combined with lightscattering and spectrometer measurements. It was shown how the volume transition of PNIPAM particles affected the interaction potential and determined a novel phase diagram that had not been observed in conventional colloids. Because both particle size and attractive potential depended on temperature, PNIPAM aqueous dispersion exhibited phase transitions at a fixed particle number density by either increasing or decreasing temperature. The phase transition of PNIPAm-co-AAc colloids was also studied. The results from the comparison between pure PNIPAm and charged PNIPAm colloids showed that the introducing of carboxyl (-COOH) group not only contributed to the synthesis ...
Creator: Zhou, Bo
Charge Interaction Effects in Epoxy with Cation Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay and Carbon Nanotubes.
Description: The influence of charge heterogeneity in nanoparticles such as montmorillonite layered silicates (MLS) and hybrid systems of MLS + carbon nanotubes was investigated in cured and uncured epoxy. Epoxy nanocomposites made with cation-exchanged montmorillonite clay were found to form agglomerates near a critical concentration. Using differential scanning calorimetry it was determined that the mixing temperature of the epoxy + MLS mixture prior to the addition of the curing agent critically influenced the formation of the agglomerate. Cured epoxy samples showed evidence of the agglomerate being residual charge driven by maxima and minima in the concentration profiles of thermal conductivity and dielectric permittivity respectively. A hybrid nanocomposite of MLS and aniline functionalized multi walled nanotubes indicated no agglomerates. The influence of environmentally and process driven properties on the nanocomposites was investigated by examination of moisture, ultrasound, microwaves and mechanical fatigue on the properties of the hybrid systems. The results point to the importance of charge screening by adsorbed or reacted water and on nanoparticulates.
Creator: Butzloff, Peter Robert
Saturation and foaming of thermoplastic nanocomposites using supercritical CO2.
Description: Polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite foams were prepared using supercritical fluid (SCF) CO2 as a solvent and blowing agent. PS was first in-situ polymerized with a range of concentrations of montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS). The polymerized samples were then compression molded into 1 to 2mm thick laminates. The laminates were foamed in a batch supercritical CO2 process at various temperatures and pressures from 60°-85°C and 7.6-12MPa. The resulting foams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine effect of MLS on cellular morphology. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the impact of nanocomposite microstructure on glass transition of the foamed polymer. X-ray diffraction spectra suggested that the PS/MLS composite had an intercalated structure at both the 1% and 3% mixtures, and that the intercalation may be enhanced by the foaming process.
Creator: Strauss, William C.
A magnetorheological study of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions in mineral oil and epoxy resin.
Description: Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in mineral oil and epoxy resin. The magnetorheological properties of these dispersions were studied using a parallel plate rheometer. Strain sweeps, frequency sweeps, magneto sweeps and steady shear tests were conducted in various magnetic fields. G', G", h* and ty increased with increasing magnetic field, which was partially attributed to the increasing degree of the alignment of nanotubes in a stronger magnetic field. The SWNT/mo dispersions exhibited more pronounced magnetic field dependence than SWNT/ep and MWNT/mo counterparts due to their much lower viscosity. The alignment of SWNTs in mineral oil increased with rising nanotube concentration up to 2.5vol% but were significantly restricted at 6.41vol% due to nanotube flocculation.
Creator: Yang, Zhengtao
Morphological properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites in relation to fracture toughness.
Description: The effect of incorporation of montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS) on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix was investigated. MLS was added in varying concentration of 1 to 5 weight percent in the PET matrix. DSC and polarized optical microscopy were used to determine the crystallization effects of MLS addition. Non isothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the melting temperature and crystallization temperature decrease as the MLS percent increases. This delayed crystallization along with the irregular spherulitic shape indicates hindered crystallization in the presence of MLS platelets. The influence of this morphology was related with the fracture toughness of PET nanocomposites using essential work of fracture coupled with the infra red (IR) thermography. Both the essential as well as non essential work of fracture decreased on addition of MLS with nanocomposite showing reduced toughness.
Creator: Pendse, Siddhi
Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline Assemblies of Functionalized Hydrogel Nanoparticles
Description: Two series monodispersed nanoparticles of hydroxylpropyl cellulose (HPC) and functionalized poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM) particles have been synthesized and used as building blocks for creating three-dimensional networks, with two levels of structural hierarchy. The first level is HPC nanoparticles were made from methacrylated or degradable cross-linker attached HPC. These nanoparticles could be stabilized at room temperature by residual methacrylate or degradable groups are present both within and on the exterior of HPC nanoparticles. Controlled release studies have been performed on the particle and networks .The nearly monodispersed nanoparticles have been synthesized on the basis of a natural polymer of hydropropylcellulose (HPC) with a high molecular weight using the precipitation polymerization method and self-assembly of these particles in water results in bright colors. The HPC nanoparticles can be potential using as crosslinkers to increase the hydrogels mechanical properties, such as high transparency and rapid swelling/de-swelling kinetics. The central idea is to prepare colloidal particles containing C=C bonds and to use them as monomers - vinylparticles, to form stable particle assemblies with various architectures. This is accomplished by mixing an aqueous suspension of hydrogel nanoparticles (PNIPAM-co-allylamine) with the organic solvent (dichloromethane) to grow columnar crystals. The hydrogels with such a unique crystal structure behavior not only like the hydrogel opals, but also have a unique property: anisotropy.
Creator: Cai, Tong
Indentation induced deformation in metallic materials.
Description: Nanoindentation has brought in many features of research over the past decade. This novel technique is capable of producing insights into the small ranges of deformation. This special point has brought a lot of focus in understanding the deformation behavior under the indenter. Nickel, iron, tungsten and copper-niobium alloy system were considered for a surface deformation study. All the samples exhibited a spectrum of residual deformation. The change in behavior with indentation and the materials responses to deformation at low and high loads is addressed in this study. A study on indenter geometry, which has a huge influence on the contact area and subsequently the hardness and modulus value, has been attempted. Deformation mechanisms that govern the plastic flow in materials at low loads of indentation and their sensitivity to the rate of strain imparted has been studied. A transition to elastic, plastic kind of a tendency to an elasto-plastic tendency was seen with an increase in the strain rate. All samples exhibited the same kind of behavior and a special focus is drawn in comparing the FCC nickel with BCC tungsten and iron where the persistence of the elastic, plastic response was addressed. However there is no absolute reason for the inconsistencies in the mechanical properties observed in preliminary testing, more insights can be provided with advanced microscopy techniques where the study can be focused more to understand the deformation behavior under the indenter. These experiments demonstrate that there is a wealth of information in the initial stages of indentation and has led to much more insights into the incipient stages of plasticity.
Creator: Vadlakonda, Suman
Micro and nano composites composed of a polymer matrix and a metal disperse phase.
Description: Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and Hytrel (a thermoplastic elastomer) were used as polymeric matrices in polymer + metal composites. The concentration of micrometric (Al, Ag and Ni) as well as nanometric particles (Al and Ag) was varied from 0 to 10 %. Composites were prepared by blending followed by injection molding. The resulting samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) in order to determine their microstructure. Certain mechanical properties of the composites were also determined. Static and dynamic friction was measured. The scratch resistance of the specimens was determined. A study of the wear mechanisms in the samples was performed. The Al micro- and nanoparticles as well as Ni microparticles are well dispersed throughout the material while Ag micro and nanoparticles tend to form agglomerates. Generally the presence of microcomposites affects negatively the mechanical properties. For the nanoparticles, composites with a higher elastic modulus than that of the neat materials are achievable. For both micro- and nanocomposites it is feasible to lower the friction values with respective to the neat polymers. The addition of metal particles to polymers also improves the scratch resistance of the composites, particularly so for microcomposites. The inclusion of Ag and Ni particles causes an increase in the wear loss volume while Al can reduce the wear for both polymeric matrices.
Creator: Olea Mejia, Oscar Fernando
Supercritical CO2 foamed biodegradable polymer blends of polycaprolactone and Mater-Bi.
Description: Supercritical CO2 foam processing of biopolymers represents a green processing route to environmentally friendly media and packaging foams. Mater-Bi, a multiconstituent biopolymer of polyester, starch and vegetable oils has shown much promise for biodegradation. The polymer, however, is not foamable with CO2 so blended with another polymer which is. Polycaprolactone is a biopolymer with potential of 4000% change in volume with CO2. Thus we investigate blends of Mater-Bi (MB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) foamed in supercritical CO2 using the batch process. Characterization of the foamed and unfoamed samples were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micrographs of the samples from the SEM revealed that the cell size of the foams reduced and increased with increase in MB concentration and increase in the foaming temperature respectively. Mechanical tests; tensile, compression, shear and impact were performed on the foamed samples. It was noted that between the 20-25% wt. MB, there was an improvement in the mechanical properties. This suggests that at these compositions, there is a high interaction between PCL and MB at the molecular level compared to other compositions. The results indicate that green processing of polymer blends is viable.
Creator: Ogunsona, Emmanuel Olusegun
Trapping of hydrogen in Hf-based high κ dielectric thin films for advanced CMOS applications.
Description: In recent years, advanced high κ gate dielectrics are under serious consideration to replace SiO2 and SiON in semiconductor industry. Hafnium-based dielectrics such as hafnium oxides, oxynitrides and Hf-based silicates/nitrided silicates are emerging as some of the most promising alternatives to SiO2/SiON gate dielectrics in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Extensive efforts have been taken to understand the effects of hydrogen impurities in semiconductors and its behavior such as incorporation, diffusion, trapping and release with the aim of controlling and using it to optimize the performance of electronic device structures. In this dissertation, a systematic study of hydrogen trapping and the role of carbon impurities in various alternate gate dielectric candidates, HfO2/Si, HfxSi1-xO2/Si, HfON/Si and HfON(C)/Si is presented. It has been shown that processing of high κ dielectrics may lead to some crystallization issues. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) for measuring oxygen deficiencies, elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) for quantifying hydrogen and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) for quantifying carbon, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for measuring degree of crystallinity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize these thin dielectric materials. ERDA data are used to characterize the evolution of hydrogen during annealing in hydrogen ambient in combination with preprocessing in oxygen and nitrogen.
Creator: Ukirde, Vaishali
Supercritical Silylation and Stability of Silyl Groups
Description: Methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) and organosilicate glass (OSG) are the materials under this study because they exhibit the dielectric constant values necessary for future IC technology requirements. Obtaining a low-k dielectric value is critical for the IC industry in order to cope time delay and cross talking issues. These materials exhibit attractive dielectric value, but there are problems replacing conventional SiO2, because of their chemical, mechanical and electrical instability after plasma processing. Several techniques have been suggested to mitigate process damage but supercritical silylation offers a rapid single repair step solution to this problem. Different ash and etch damaged samples were employed in this study to optimize an effective method to repair the low-k dielectric material and seal the surface pores via supercritical fluid processing with various trialkylchlorosilanes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, capacitance- voltage measurements, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (DSIMS), characterized the films. The hydrophobicity and dielectric constant after exposure to elevated temperatures and ambient conditions were monitored and shown to be stable. The samples were treated with a series of silylating agents of the form R3-Si-Cl where R is an alkyl groups (e.g. ethyl, propyl, isopropyl). Reactivity with the surface hydroxyls was inversely proportional to the length of the alkyl group, perhaps due to steric effects. Contact angle measurements revealed that heating the films in ambient diminished hydrophobicity. Depth and surface profiling using (DSIMS) and (XPS) were utilized to develop a model for surface coverage.
Creator: Nerusu, Pawan Kumar
Study of lead sorption on magnetite at high temperatures.
Description: Lead's uptake on magnetite has been quantitatively evaluated in the present study at a temperature of 200°C and pH of 8.5 with lead concentrations ranging from 5 ppm to175 ppm by equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The pH independent sorption behavior suggested lead sorption due to pH independent permanent charge through weak electrostatic, non-specific attraction where cations are sorbed on the cation exchange sites. The permanent negative charge could be a consequence of lead substitution which is supported by increase in the lattice parameter values from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC/TGA) results showed an increase of exothermic (magnetite to maghemite transformation) peak indicating substitution of lead ions due to which there is retardation in the phase transformation. Presence of outer sphere complexes and physical sorption is further supported by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). None of the results suggested chemisorption of lead on magnetite.
Creator: Paliwal, Vaishali
Low Temperature Polymeric Precursor Derived Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Description: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile environmentally benign II-VI direct wide band gap semiconductor with several technologically plausible applications such as transparent conducting oxide in flat panel and flexible displays. Hence, ZnO thin films have to be processed below the glass transition temperatures of polymeric substrates used in flexible displays. ZnO thin films were synthesized via aqueous polymeric precursor process by different metallic salt routes using ethylene glycol, glycerol, citric acid, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as chelating agents. ZnO thin films, derived from ethylene glycol based polymeric precursor, exhibit flower-like morphology whereas thin films derived of other precursors illustrate crack free nanocrystalline films. ZnO thin films on sapphire substrates show an increase in preferential orientation along the (002) plane with increase in annealing temperature. The polymeric precursors have also been used in fabricating maskless patterned ZnO thin films in a single step using the commercial Maskless Mesoscale Materials Deposition system.
Creator: Choppali, Uma
Study of Conductance Quantization by Cross-Wire Junction
Description: The thesis studied quantized conductance in nanocontacts formed between two thin gold wires with one of the wires coated by alkainthiol self assembly monolayers (SAM), by using the cross-wire junction. Using the Lorenz force as the driving force, we can bring the two wires in contact in a controlled manner. We observed conductance with steps of 2e2 / h. The conductance plateaus last several seconds. The stability of the junction is attributed to the fact that the coating of SAM improves the stability and capability of the formed contact.
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Creator: Zheng, Tao
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"Now her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lust than she, and her harlotries were more than the harlotries of her sister. "She lusted after the Assyrians, governors and officials, the ones near, magnificently dressed, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men. "I saw that she had defiled herself; they both took the same way.read more. Bible Christian Image
Sadly, many people will look at us and judge us by appearances and as we've already read, they can miss-read us because they don't see what's on the inside which is what is of ultimate importance. Jesus said "You judge by human standards; I pass judgment on no one" (John 8:15). Every time that someone looks at us and they judge us by appearances, they are judging us by human standards and very likely miss-judging us. What they can't see is what is most important anyway. The religious leaders of Jesus' day were only concerned with what people saw them doing but God knew their hearts and saw that they were inwardly full of sin. Christian Wall Art
Whether you are decorating for your home or office space, everyone can benefit from an uplifting message from time to time. With spiritual and religious wall art you will have the reminders that you need each day. Regardless of the message you seek or the path that you follow, there is something special about words of wisdom and the right message at just the right time. When you shop the spiritual and religious wall art at Wayfair, you will find pieces to put in just about any space that you would like to decorate. Bible Christian Image
Jacob lived in the land of his father's sojournings, in the land of Canaan. These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was pasturing the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father. Now Israel loved Joseph more than any other of his sons, because he was the son of his old age. And he made him a robe of many colors. But when his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, they hated him and could not speak peacefully to him. Now Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his brothers they hated him even more. ...
Add a charming reminder to your walls with this art. A perfect finishing touch for traditional spaces, it adds style and spirit to your home. This piece showcases a textual art motif written in black cursive font and reading a prayer that starts "Dear God, so far today I've done all right. I haven't gossiped or lost my temper…" The vintage paper-inspired background adds an extra touch of classic appeal to this art. Made in America, this art is printed on paper and enhanced by a... Bible Christian Image
Beautiful, high-quality gallery-wrapped canvas wall art for Easter — looks just like a museum piece! The high-quality canvas is professionally wrapped around warp-resistant, structurally engineered stretcher bars. Mounting hardware is included — just takes it out of the box and it's ready to hang! You'll notice that their canvases have a thick 1.5" depth, which is heavier and thicker, maintaining stability and structural integrity. Their heavier thickness ensures that your wonderful canvas... Christian Wall Art
"Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whom the Lord has put skill and intelligence to know how to do any work in the construction of the sanctuary shall work in accordance with all that the Lord has commanded." And Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whose mind the Lord had put skill, everyone whose heart stirred him up to come to do the work. And they received from Moses all the contribution that the people of Israel had brought for doing the work on the sanctuary. They still kept bringing him freewill offerings every morning, so that all the craftsmen who were doing every sort of task on the sanctuary came, each from the task that he was doing, and said to Moses, "The people bring much more than enough for doing the work that the Lord has commanded us to do." ... Bible Christian Image
"Then bring near to you Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the people of Israel, to serve me as priests—Aaron and Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for beauty. You shall speak to all the skillful, whom I have filled with a spirit of skill, that they make Aaron's garments to consecrate him for my priesthood. These are the garments that they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a coat of checker work, a turban, and a sash. They shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and his sons to serve me as priests. They shall receive gold, blue and purple and scarlet yarns, and fine twined linen. ... Bible Christian Image
He also made two capitals of molten bronze to set on the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were nets of network and twisted threads of chainwork for the capitals which were on the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital and seven for the other capital. So he made the pillars, and two rows around on the one network to cover the capitals which were on the top of the pomegranates; and so he did for the other capital. The capitals which were on the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily design, four cubits. There were capitals on the two pillars, even above and close to the rounded projection which was beside the network; and the pomegranates numbered two hundred in rows around both capitals. Thus he set up the pillars at the porch of the nave; and he set up the right pillar and named it Jachin, and he set up the left pillar and named it Boaz. On the top of the pillars was lily design. So the work of the pillars was finished. Now he made the sea of cast metal ten cubits from brim to brim, circular in form, and its height was five cubits, and thirty cubits in circumference. Under its brim gourds went around encircling it ten to a cubit, completely surrounding the sea; the gourds were in two rows, cast with the rest. It stood on twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east; and the sea was set on top of them, and all their rear parts turned inward. It was a handbreadth thick, and its brim was made like the brim of a cup, as a lily blossom; it could hold two thousand baths. Then he made the ten stands of bronze; the length of each stand was four cubits and its width four cubits and its height three cubits. This was the design of the stands: they had borders, even borders between the frames, and on the borders which were between the frames were lions, oxen and cherubim; and on the frames there was a pedestal above, and beneath the lions and oxen were wreaths of hanging work. Now each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles, and its four feet had supports; beneath the basin were cast supports with wreaths at each side. Its opening inside the crown at the top was a cubit, and its opening was round like the design of a pedestal, a cubit and a half; and also on its opening there were engravings, and their borders were square, not round. The four wheels were underneath the borders, and the axles of the wheels were on the stand. And the height of a wheel was a cubit and a half. The workmanship of the wheels was like the workmanship of a chariot wheel. Their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their hubs were all cast. Now there were four supports at the four corners of each stand; its supports were part of the stand itself. On the top of the stand there was a circular form half a cubit high, and on the top of the stand its stays and its borders were part of it. He engraved on the plates of its stays and on its borders, cherubim, lions and palm trees, according to the clear space on each, with wreaths all around. He made the ten stands like this: all of them had one casting, one measure and one form. He made ten basins of bronze, one basin held forty baths; each basin was four cubits, and on each of the ten stands was one basin. Then he set the stands, five on the right side of the house and five on the left side of the house; and he set the sea of cast metal on the right side of the house eastward toward the south. Now Hiram made the basins and the shovels and the bowls. So Hiram finished doing all the work which he performed for King Solomon in the house of the LORD: the two pillars and the two bowls of the capitals which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on the top of the pillars; and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, two rows of pomegranates for each network to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on the tops of the pillars; and the ten stands with the ten basins on the stands; and the one sea and the twelve oxen under the sea; and the pails and the shovels and the bowls; even all these utensils which Hiram made for King Solomon in the house of the LORD were of polished bronze. In the plain of the Jordan the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarethan. Solomon left all the utensils unweighed, because they were too many; the weight of the bronze could not be ascertained. Solomon made all the furniture which was in the house of the LORD: the golden altar and the golden table on which was the bread of the Presence; and the lampstands, five on the right side and five on the left, in front of the inner sanctuary, of pure gold; and the flowers and the lamps and the tongs, of gold; and the cups and the snuffers and the bowls and the spoons and the firepans, of pure gold; and the hinges both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, that is, of the nave, of gold. Thus all the work that King Solomon performed in the house of the LORD was finished And Solomon brought in the things dedicated by his father David, the silver and the gold and the utensils, and he put them in the treasuries of the house of the LORD. Bible Christian Image
Integrate an essential ounce of inspiration to any arrangement in your home with this heartfelt graphic art print, showcasing a typographic display that reads "bless this house" above a prayer in neutral gray and black tones. Crafted in the USA, this piece is printed on paper and set within a small dark brown frame that measures 16" H x 8" W. Thanks to included wall-mounting hardware, this design is ready to hang right away.
Christian wall art can have a deep impact on your life. God can speak directly to your heart through a piece of art that was inspired by His Holy Spirit. The Christian wall art designed by David Sorensen has touched thousands of lives, all over the world. Many people testified how a piece of Christian wall art literally saved their life or how God used this art to heal a trauma in their heart. People came back to the Lord, after seeing one of our Christian artworks, and some were inspired to a deeper life of dedication to Jesus Christ.
Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, knowing that you also have a Master in heaven. Continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving. At the same time, pray also for us, that God may open to us a door for the word, to declare the mystery of Christ, on account of which I am in prison— that I may make it clear, which is how I ought to speak. Walk in wisdom toward outsiders, making the best use of the time. ...
As soon as Solomon finished his prayer, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the temple. And the priests could not enter the house of the Lord, because the glory of the Lord filled the Lord's house. When all the people of Israel saw the fire come down and the glory of the Lord on the temple, they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the pavement and worshiped and gave thanks to the Lord, saying, "For he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever." Then the king and all the people offered sacrifice before the Lord. King Solomon offered as a sacrifice 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the people dedicated the house of God. ... Goodnews Art
Images communicate deeper to people, than just words. God created us as visual beings, who live according to what we see. That's why art has the power to shape an entire culture. People act upon what they see with their eyes. Christian wall art can therefor change the course of a person's life, as they suddenly are confronted with the most powerful reality there is: God's burning, compassionate love for them. Christian Wall Art
A Psalm of David. The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. He restores my soul. He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. ... Bible Art
He also made two capitals of molten bronze to set on the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were nets of network and twisted threads of chainwork for the capitals which were on the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital and seven for the other capital. So he made the pillars, and two rows around on the one network to cover the capitals which were on the top of the pomegranates; and so he did for the other capital. The capitals which were on the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily design, four cubits. There were capitals on the two pillars, even above and close to the rounded projection which was beside the network; and the pomegranates numbered two hundred in rows around both capitals. Thus he set up the pillars at the porch of the nave; and he set up the right pillar and named it Jachin, and he set up the left pillar and named it Boaz. On the top of the pillars was lily design. So the work of the pillars was finished. Christian Wall Art
Through inspired Christian wall art we can gain a greater knowledge of who God is. He is first of all our great and mighty Creator, the Maker of heaven and earth. Sadly many Christians have fallen prey to the phantasies of the theory of evolution, believing the silly lies that we have come forth by chance, from apes. David Sorensen designed several pieces of beautiful Christian art about God the creator, showing the beauty and majesty of God's creation and giving Him glory for all He has made. These Christian artworks are great for schools or churches, or even for our own homes, to acknowledge God as our Creator, who is full of wisdom and power. Bible Art
The ark of the Lord was in the country of the Philistines seven months. And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners and said, "What shall we do with the ark of the Lord? Tell us with what we shall send it to its place." They said, "If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, do not send it empty, but by all means return him a guilt offering. Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why his hand does not turn away from you." And they said, "What is the guilt offering that we shall return to him?" They answered, "Five golden tumors and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines, for the same plague was on all of you and on your lords. So you must make images of your tumors and images of your mice that ravage the land, and give glory to the God of Israel. Perhaps he will lighten his hand from off you and your gods and your land. ... Bible Christian Image
Paul knew that the outward man or woman was perishing, day by day, and as he said "was wasting away" but the most important work was being done inwardly by the Spirit of God and this was the renewal that each believer in Christ is undergoing, day by day. God's Spirit works to convict us of sin, He works to make us more like Christ, and our sanctification is a lifelong process and even though we might be falling apart outwardly, what is eternal is what is inside and that's the only thing that counts. We are new creations in Christ (2 Cor 5:17) even though the outward appearance is decaying, so that's why Paul didn't want us to lose heart.
Bring a sense of spirituality to any space in your home with this textual art print, showcasing scripture from 2 Corinthians 5:7 in scrolling font with an arrow accent below. Crafted from wood, its frame features a brown finish with distressed details for a warm and weathered touch. A brushed white background completes the neutral look, giving this design the versatility to complement most color palettes. Measures 13'' H x 37'' W. Christian Wall Art
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Q: Convert a numeric value in a string to integer in Objective C/C I have a NSString with me. This NSString is obtained from a Voice engine. The voice input is converted to native NSString.
See the following string:
"Set heat to thirty two degree"
Is there any way to get this converted to
"Set heat to 32 degree"
If there are some third party library that does this conversion, it would be really helpful. Otherwise I will have to create a complex logic to get this done it seems.

A: And that's where a forgotten NSNumberFormatter can show what it's capable of doing.
After you parsed your input string (using regular expression magic or NSString's componentsSeparatedByString:, I'll not be discussing that step) and obtained the spell-out number, you can use NSNumberFormatter's NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle to quickly convert your string into a number:
NSString *obtainedDegreesString = @"thirty-two";
NSNumberFormatter *spellOutFormatter = [[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init];
[spellOutFormatter setLocale:[NSLocale currentLocale]]; // or whatever locale you want
[spellOutFormatter setNumberStyle:NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle];
NSNumber *degreesNumber = [spellOutFormatter numberFromString:obtainedDegreesString];
NSLog(@"%d", degreesNumber.intValue); // logs 32

But warning - you have to convert strings like "thirty two" to "thirty-two" (the correct English numerals) for your formatter to work - passing "thirty two" results in 3002! Your users probably don't want to burn in 3002 degrees :P You can achieve that using another regular expression, I suppose.


An image of Tynesha Stewart is shown on a screen at the trial of Timothy Shepherd on Wednesday.
After more than a week of listening to grisly details about the death and dismemberment of Tynesha Stewart, her family sat in silence on Thursday as her accused killer was found guilty of murder, tears in their eyes betraying their emotion.
Stewart's family later said jurors made the right decision in convicting Timothy Wayne Shepherd, who authorities said also burned his ex-girlfriend's remains on two barbecue grills.
"Justice had been done," said Gail Shields, Stewart's mother. "This is a person to be pitied. He's sick, and he needs help."
Stewart's stepfather, Preston Shields, said the conviction would help heal his family's wounds.
"I'll forgive him, but I'll never forget it," Preston Shields said.
Shepherd showed no emotion when the jury, after deliberating about six hours, announced the conviction.
Investigators say Shepherd confessed to strangling the 19-year-old Texas A&M engineering student, dismembering her body and burning her remains at his north Harris County apartment in March 2007.
Shepherd faces a maximum sentence of life in prison as the punishment phase continues today in state District Judge Vanessa Velasquez's court.
Chip Lewis, Shepherd's attorney, said he expects jurors to hear evidence about Stewart's death but had not decided whether Shepherd would testify.
"The jury's finally going to hear and understand what happened, how Tynesha Stewart died," Lewis said outside the courtroom.
"They will be satisfied that this is not a premeditated murder, but rather a death as that resulted from provocation and the overwhelming emotion that sudden passion brings."
Prosecutors declined to comment on the trial.
When the punishment phase began on Thursday, a friend of Shepherd's told the jury that Shepherd killed Stewart because she refused a ring he had bought her for Valentine's Day.
Johnny Gordon said Shepherd also told him that he sometimes had to "get physical" with her, indicating a history of domestic violence.
"He told me that if he wanted to kill her, he would cut her up, barbecue her and feed her to the dogs," Gordon told jurors.
Stewart's sister and stepfather also testified, both saying they believe Shepherd gave Stewart a black eye during their tumultuous three-year relationship.
Preston Shields said he told Shepherd not to come to his house because his stepdaughter said she had been abused. Preston Shields said he pulled a gun on Shepherd and forced him out of the house at gunpoint.
"He wasn't supposed to be there," Preston Shields said.
Shepherd was arrested days after Stewart's disappearance, after he led police and community activist Quanell X to a trash bin where he said he dumped her body.
After her remains weren't found, police said Shepherd confessed to choking Stewart, dismembering her body in his bathtub and burning her remains in two barbecue grills over the course of two days.
Neighbors testified that they heard Stewart's bathtub running continuously for two days and his garbage disposal running for at least 15 minutes at a time.
Part of a tooth found in Shepherd's garbage disposal was identified by DNA experts as Stewart's.
Other neighbors testified that their apartments were filled with a horrible smell from the smoke and that Shepherd told them he was cooking for a wedding.
A friend of Shepherd's testified that Shepherd said Stewart walked out of his apartment the night she turned up missing and wasn't retuning his calls.
Shepherd's apartment had been heavily bleached and parts were freshly repainted when investigators initially interviewed him.
Lawyers for Shepherd have argued that his confession was coerced after he asked for an attorney.
But Velasquez ruled that Shepherd waived his right to counsel before telling police what happened.


Research fellow at the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon. Prof. Malamud received a Bachelor Degree from the University of Buenos Aires and a Ph.D. in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute, Florence.
His areas of interest include comparative regional integration, government institutions and parties, and European and Latin American politics. He has conducted research and lectured at universities in Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal and Spain. His work has been published in books and scholarly journals such as Latin American Research Review, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Latin American Politics and Society, Journal of European Integration, and European Political Science. He has served as member of the executive committee of the Latin American Political Science Association and official representative to the European Consortium for Political Research.


The first film in the Disneynature series, "Earth," narrated by James Earl Jones, tells the remarkable story of three animal families and their amazing journey across the planet we all call home. "Earth" combines rare action, unimaginable scale and impossible locations by capturing the most intimate moments of our planet's wildest and most elusive creatures. Directors Alastair Fothergill and Mark Linfield, the acclaimed creative team behind the Emmy Award®-winning "Planet Earth," combine forces again to bring this epic adventure to the big screen, beginning Earth Day, April 22, 2009.