Who knew there were beautiful strands of "spaghetti" inside a squash! This recipe is extra easy because delicious turkey meatballs in tomato sauce and spaghetti squash are prepared at the same time together in the pressure cooker. You will love not only a quick, easy, and tasty dinner, but also a simple clean-up. In the end, you will wonder why you ever spent so much time boiling water to make traditional pasta!
Preheat oven broiler. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Mix ground turkey, egg, bread crumbs, garlic, oregano, cumin, red pepper flakes, salt, and pepper together in a large bowl; shape into meatballs using 1½ tablespoons per meatball and arrange on prepared baking sheet.
Cook under hot broiler until browned, 3 to 4 minutes.
Pour tomato sauce into the steel pot of your pressure cooker. Lay spaghetti squash into the sauce. Arrange meatballs into the sauce around the squash.
Seal lid on the pressure cooker, turn steam vent to Sealing, and cook on High Pressure for 15 minutes. Turn steam vent to Venting to Quick Release pressure.
Carefully remove squash to a cutting board. Halve the squash lengthwise. Remove and discard seeds. Use a fork to rake strands of squash from the rind.
Divide squash strands between plates; top with sauce and meatballs. Garnish with Parmesan cheese as desired.
For a fun presentation, keep the shredded squash in the shell and serve the meatballs and sauce directly in the squash halves! This is sure to wow your guests!
Per Serving: 467 calories; 23g fat; 32.7g carbohydrates; 36g protein; 169mg cholesterol; 1275mg sodium.
These turkey meatballs with spaghetti squash are fantastic! For years I've made my spaghetti squash in the oven, which takes quite a while. I love that this method uses a pressure cooker and allows me to cook the meatballs and squash at the same time. Talk about convenience! Also easiest cleanup of all time. Best recipe yet!
I made this for the family the other night and it was super delicious! The kids even asked for seconds. The meatballs were also really delicious, I can't believe how easy this meal was to make in the pressure cooker at the same time. I'll probably never bake my spaghetti squash again.
You may be able to sell your kids on "squash is like pasta" idea, but not mine. Their portions went in the compost. The meatballs disappeared in a hurry though! I actually had to think back to be sure I had used ground turkey. Not saying they were beef-like or anything, but they were very juicy and delicious. Maybe the best turkey meatballs I've made. that alone gets five stars & mommy and I can eat the squash.
I tried this recipe but the squash came out way under cooked in the middle. Must have done something wrong but not sure what. It did not seem to get to pressure. The red button never did pop up as if under pressure. Ended up cooking the squash again. This was my first recipe I cooked in my new pot.
This recipe was perfect. I used a small spaghetti squash so it fit perfect inside the pot and was cooked throughout, no problems.
I had a 4 pound squash, 15 minutes was not enough time, the squash wasn't tender at all. The meatballs were just okay, I'd definitely add more seasoning. I probably won't be making this again.
This was inexpensive , super fast and easy to make. My 3 and 6 year old gobbled it up. My husband asked "where did you get these meat balls"? Lol. I told him I made them and he said "Save that recipe. These are the best meatballs I've ever had. Pretty high compliment because normally he hates when I sub turkey for beef in my spaghetti sauce. I doubled up on the meatball part of the recipe to have some leftovers.


Financial view from NASDAQ…What comes to mind when you hear the word "NASDAQ" or see it in print? Do you think of a global electronic marketplace for the buying and selling of stock? Do you think of a number, a market indicator, that tells you how well the stock market performed on a given day? Do you picture our market tower in Times Square, glowing bright and blue? Don't worry; there is no one answer. NASDAQ is all of these things and more.
NASDAQ began forty years ago at the National Association of Securities Dealers, or NASD. The NASD wanted to create a way for investors to buy and sell stocks on a computerized, transparent, and fast system. This would eliminate the burden and inefficiency of in-person stock transactions, which had been the prevalent model for nearly a century. The NASD believed that investors could make more money by closing the price gaps between buyers and sellers, and technology had evolved enough at that point to make it happen.


International Timber has supplied Timber Brise Soleil to LouvreSol Specialist Projects for Drake House Way retail units.
LouvreSol fitted Timber Brise Soleil to the structural steel on the south-east side of the building.
Two areas of timber were necessary, one for a feature wall, the other acting as solar shading.
The aerofoil used was a custom design from LSP's design team and was applied to Stainforth's specification of the product.
LouvreSol then matched this to the best suited option from International Timber.
Wayne Barnett of LouvreSol said: "Both areas of Brise Soleil were installed for different purposes, one was used for a feature for the building; this is sometimes used for buildings to bring the Breeam rating up and the other section of the Brise Soleil was installed for its original purpose – solar shading.
"The installation was smooth and went in quicker than expected. We allowed Western Red Cedar No2 Clear & Better allowing 20% No4 Green Rekilned to 18% MC 50x200 milled to a 40mm x 160mm Fin Aerofoil coated with Mighton Ultra. Western Red Cedar was the architect's choice of timber along with the treatment.
"The project at Drake House Way has since been completed to a high standard on all accounts. The architect was happy with the final finish of the Timber Brise Soleil.
"LouvreSol would not hesitate to use International Timber again for another project when necessary and appropriate. There were minimal complications between the initial enquiries to the final completion date allowing the project to proceed smoothly.


text:
package com.aspose.pdf.cloud.examples.properties;

import java.nio.file.Path;

import com.aspose.pdf.api.PdfApi;
import com.aspose.pdf.cloud.examples.Configuration;
import com.aspose.pdf.cloud.examples.Utils;
import com.aspose.pdf.cloud.examples.pages.MovePDFToNewLocation;
import com.aspose.pdf.model.SaaSposeResponse;
import com.aspose.storage.api.StorageApi;

public class RemoveAllDocumentProperties {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//ExStart
		String fileName = "Sample-Annotation.pdf";
		String storage = "";
		String folder = "";
		Path inputFile = Utils.getPath(MovePDFToNewLocation.class, fileName);

		try
		{
			StorageApi storageApi = new StorageApi(Configuration.apiKey, Configuration.appSID, true);
			// Instantiate Aspose Words API SDK
			PdfApi pdfApi = new PdfApi(Configuration.apiKey, Configuration.appSID, true);
		    // Upload source file to aspose cloud storage
		    storageApi.PutCreate(fileName, "", "", inputFile.toFile());

		    // Invoke Aspose.PDF Cloud SDK API to remove all document properties
		    SaaSposeResponse apiResponse = pdfApi.DeleteProperties(fileName, storage, folder);

		    if (apiResponse != null && apiResponse.getStatus().equals("OK"))
		    {
		    	System.out.println("Remove All Document Properties from a PDF, Done!");
		    }
		}
		catch (Exception ex)
		{
		    ex.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A special Purim event for the whole family to enjoy!
Join us for a Magic Show featuring Joe Holiday, games and prizes, crafts, good food, and great company!
Wear your favorite costume or dress in red, black, or white!
Kindly RSVP by March 10.
Share in making this a wonderful, family fun M'kor Moment.
All sponsors will be mentioned in the flyer as well as on social media. Businesses and individuals/families are welcome.
Whether you contribute your time and/or resources, you can help create "The Magic of Purim."


Dave Davies and Wayne David Parker have a good thing going at Tipping Point Theatre; this is the third consecutive season in which the two have been paired, to great acclaim. Yet there's no evidence of diminishing returns in "Murder at the Howard Johnson's" (by playwrights Ron Clark and Sam Bobrick), a moderately silly vehicle for some supremely silly comedy opportunists. What director James R. Kuhl knows – and what new and returning audiences will appreciate – is that when it comes to humor, this duo always hustles hard.
Here, Davies and Parker are joined by Tipping Point newcomer Cheryl Turski, who steps up as the third point in the play's instigating love triangle. Sexpot Arlene (Turski), whose perception of herself as a self-actualized, modern 1980s woman couldn't be farther from her actual puddle-shallow egotism, thinks she deserves more from life than a scandalous fling with passionate lover Mitchell (Parker). But she knows her husband, possessive swindler Paul (Davies), will never grant her a divorce. Thus, the adulterers have come up with the only sensible plan they can think of: Why confront or escape your problems, when you can kill them instead?
Planning and staging are paramount for the first-time murderer, and it can't hurt to choose the most woebegone, nondescript locale one can think of. Designer Monika Essen answers that call with a hue-perfect conception of a modest motel gone seedy – indistinguishable from any other room of its ilk, right down to that lone, indifferent wall hanging that passes for decor. Chantel Gaidica's lighting follows suit, giving the single-queen room a dun and dismal pallor that makes its gaudy-mod furnishings look hopelessly dated, even in this early-'80s setting. Properties by Brandon Newton exhaustively chronicle all the amenities of a rented room that can't be nailed down, as well as more than a few elements of danger. And all the while, sound designer Amanda Ewing and costumer Suzanne Young skip a gleeful path down memory lane, spurring a steady stream of giddy-cringe realizations that we once listened to this…oh, heavens, while looking like that.
So the stage is set, quite literally, for outlandish excesses and larger-than-life actions and reactions. And the cast is right in step; in fact, all three come out of the gate at full gallop. The physical comedy is on par with the best of farces, from facial acrobatics to full-body efforts. Yet the show draws from the mental well just as often, leaning into subversions and turning the tables of power when it's least expected.
Each performer shines when his or her back is against the wall, and although the work serves the story being told in three rapid-fire acts, it's even more captivating to see how the actors push themselves and each other to develop every scrap of comic potential. The art of improvisation has a mandate about "finding the game of the scene"; it's a skill that can translate to scripted fare, and here the gameplay is all-consuming – and exquisite.
Kuhl and company seem to understand that the production's true strength is in its performances; this is evident from the earliest beats, when hilarious background business completely tramples the words being spoken. In fact, the play more often than not advances of its own power, not just in spite of the words on the page, but almost in defiance of them. But the trade-offs are worth it: Who has time to fret about whether these characters show any justifiable attraction for each other, when one of them is giving the other an impromptu dental exam to rolling laughter?
As it stands, "Murder at the Howard Johnson's" provides ample comic fodder for a production that sets its sights markedly higher. For a group of performers that could probably reduce an audience to pants-wetting just by reading the phone book, this goofy story and madcap script tee up loads of potential for feats of humorous ingenuity. Viewers who haven't been privy to Davies and Parker's previous outings owe it to themselves to catch this rarefied display of comic mastery, although they'll likely find themselves competing for tickets with returning fans, who know full well what they'd be missing.


The GMO Debate: Safe or Not?
July 12th, NASA scientists observed a class X-1.4 coronal mass ejection (CME) heading in the direction of Earth. As one might expect, X-class emissions are on the high end of the scale of solar irradiation, and a possible cause of concern. The CME hit the Earth two days later on Saturday at around 2PM Eastern Daylight Time (1800 UT).


text:
UM School of Pharmacy
Call the Experts 1-800-222-1222
Maryland Poison Center
First Aid for Poisoning
Children Ages 6–12
What to Expect When You Call
Poison Prevention Press
eAntidote Blog
Caller Satisfaction Survey
Public Education Programs and Health Fairs
ToxTidbits
Antidote Recommendations
Health Professional Satisfaction Survey
Clinical Toxicology Fellowship
Facts & Reports
Poison Center Facts
Home / Health Care Professionals / Emergency Medical Services
The Maryland Poison Center is designated by the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS) as a specialty referral center for EMS providers in Maryland. Pharmacists and nurses who are nationally certified as Specialists in Poison Information staff the poison center 24/7. In 2016, the specialists handled 44,426 calls, with more than 1,900 from EMS providers!
Photo courtesy of MIEMSS.
The Maryland Poison Center is a valuable resource for medical consultations, and poison center staff can give the best treatment advice for each patient. Our professionals follow that patient through their hospital stay, continuing to make treatment recommendations. Patients managed with poison center expertise on average experience shorter hospitalizations (median length of stay of two days versus five days without poison center assistance), helping health care providers serve more patients and decrease healthcare costs (J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 2007; 70(2): 107-110). Records are kept on outcomes and treatments for each patient. This information allows us to continually assess the effects of drugs, chemicals, and poison treatments.
What information can the poison center provide to EMS providers?
Assessment of poisonings, overdoses, and envenomations
Range of toxicity (toxic dose information)
Overdose and poisoning signs and symptoms
Toxidrome identification
Specific treatment recommendations for each patient
Decontamination recommendations
Assistance locating antidotes and antivenom
Pill identification
Identification of chemicals that may be hazardous to first responders and providers
Access to public health emergency information (i.e., H1N1, food recalls, terrorism)
In addition to the above, the specialists who answer your call can determine whether EMS transport is needed. In many cases, consultation with the poison center through 911 can avoid a trip to the hospital saving health care resources. More than 63 percent of all calls to the poison center are managed outside of a health care facility with poison center advice. In 2012, a report commissioned by the American Association of Poison Control Centers and issued by the Lewin Group estimated that every dollar invested in the poison center system saves $13.39 in medical costs and lost productivity, for a total savings of more than $1.8 billion every year.
Can EMS providers share patient information with the poison center?
Absolutely! Poison centers fall under "covered entities" in the HIPAA Privacy Rule regulations. (45 CFR 164.501, 506(c)) and are considered part of the health care team. Calls and patient information are kept confidential, and poison centers are held to the same HIPAA requirements that other health care providers abide by.
What happens to the information I give to the poison center?
All of our calls are entered into a data collection system as the call is taken. The data we gather is encoded and shared nationally through the National Poison Data System (NPDS), a data collection system that is administered by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC). Calls to all U.S. poison centers are uploaded and analyzed every eight minutes to detect trends and events that might be of public health significance (e.g. food poisoning, environmental hazards, product recalls, terrorism). NPDS is the only near real-time comprehensive poisoning surveillance database in the United States. Data from U.S. poison centers have also been used to help pass federal, state and local laws and regulations for synthetic drugs of abuse, liquid nicotine, laundry detergent packets and more.
What other services does the Maryland Poison Center offer to EMS providers?
The staff of the Maryland Poison Center is actively involved in the training of EMS providers through classes, drills, continuing education presentations, and onsite training opportunities at the poison center.
Additionally, the Maryland Poison Center publishes ToxTidbits, a monthly e-newsletter for health professionals. Topics include the toxicity of specific poisons and drugs, antidote use, drug abuse trends and more. To sign up to receive ToxTidbits and for more information on health professional education, go to our website: www.mdpoison.com/healthcareprofessionals. Get up-to-date toxicology news and information by following the Maryland Poison Center on Twitter at @MPCToxtidbits.
How can EMS providers help the Maryland Poison Center?
Consulting with a poison center on all poisonings helps us to identify public health threats such as terrorism, new drugs of abuse, and food poisoning. In addition, we analyze and research cases that we've been consulted on to determine the effectiveness of treatments and to identify where our public education efforts are needed.
EMS providers can help us help the public. Educational materials such as pamphlets, telephone stickers and magnets, and posters are available from the Maryland Poison Center for school visits, health fairs, open houses and safety days. By promoting the Maryland Poison Center, you can help prevent poisonings, ensure your patients will get the help they need right away if a poisoning occurs, and save them time and money by avoiding unnecessary use of EMS and emergency department services. Calling the poison center also provides you piece of mind that they are speaking to health care providers who are experts in managing poisonings or overdoses, allowing you to focus on patients who need your help most.
Click here to download a printable version of this webpage
Get up-to-date toxicology news and information by following the Maryland Poison Center on Twitter at @MPCToxtidbits.
220 Arch Street, Office Level 1
Copyright © 2019 University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'use strict';
// --- Setup requirements ---
const gulp = require('gulp');
const del = require('del');
const vinylPaths = require('vinyl-paths');
const g = require('gulp-load-plugins')({
    DEBUG: false, // when set to true, the plugin will log info to console. Useful for bug reporting and issue debugging
    pattern: ['gulp-*', 'gulp.*'], // the glob(s) to search for
    scope: ['dependencies', 'devDependencies', 'peerDependencies'], // which keys in the config to look within
    replaceString: /^gulp(-|\.)/, // what to remove from the name of the module when adding it to the context
    camelize: true, // if true, transforms hyphenated plugins names to camel case
    lazy: true, // whether the plugins should be lazy loaded on demand
    rename: {}, // a mapping of plugins to rename
    //renameFn: function (name) { ... } // a function to handle the renaming of plugins (the default works)
});
let debug = true;

// --- Define shared values ---
// Todo, load file into disclaimer var
const targetName = `XMD`;
const appFolder = `src`;
const distFolder = `../XMD[dist]`;
const configFolder = `config`;
const localhost = {
    url: 'localhost',
    port: 8080,
    getFullUrl: () => `${localhost.url}:${localhost.port}`
}
const typeScriptFiles = [
    // Targets
    `./${appFolder}/IOC/Registry/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/IOC/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Constants.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Helpers/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Commands/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Validation/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Transfunctioners/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Parsers/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Renderers/**/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Services/*.ts`,
    `./${appFolder}/Registries/*.ts`,
    // Entry
    `./${appFolder}/Application.ts`
];
const tslintOptions = {
    configuration: `${configFolder}/tslint.json`,
    rulesDirectory: 'config'
};
const libraries = [
    `node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js`,
    `node_modules/inversify/dist/inversify.js`,
    `node_modules/mithril/mithril.min.js`,
    `node_modules/lodash/lodash.min.js`,
    `node_modules/siocc-ts/SIOCC-TS.js`
];
const uglifySettings = {
    compress: {
        sequences: true,
        booleans:  true,
        conditionals: true,
        hoist_funs: true, // ?
        hoist_vars: true,
        warnings: true
    },
    mangle: true,
    outSourceMap: debug
};
const htmlMinOptions = {
    removeComments: true,
    collapseWhitespace: true,
    removeEmptyAttributes: false,
    removeEmptyElements: false
};
const sourceMapOptions = {
    init: {
        cwd: __dirname,
        loadMaps: true,
        identityMap: debug,
        debug: false
    },
    write: {
        addComment : debug,
        debug: debug,
        includeContent: false,
        mapSources: (file) =>
            file.replace(/((\\|\/)?src(\\|\/)?)+/g, '/'),
        sourceMappingURL: localhost.getFullUrl()
    },
};
const jsConcatOptions = {
    newLine:'\n;'   // the newline is needed in case the file ends with a line comment,
                    // the semi-colon is needed if the last statement wasn't terminated
};

// --- Setup tasks ---

// Make sure the typings are present
gulp.task('tsd', (callback) =>{
    //g.tsd({ config: `${configFolder}/tsd.json` });

    gulp.src(`./node_modules/inversify/inversify/type_definitions/inversify/inversify.d.ts`)
        .pipe(g.concat(`tsd.d.ts`))
        .pipe(gulp.dest('./typings'))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Loaded type definitions');
            callback();
        });
});

// Concat libray files
gulp.task('copyLibraries', ['tsd'], (callback) => {
    gulp.src([
        `${appFolder}/Library.js`,
        `${appFolder}/Library.js.map`])
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src(libraries)
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.init(sourceMapOptions.init))
            .pipe(g.concat('Library.js',jsConcatOptions))
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.write(`./`,sourceMapOptions.writeInitial))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(appFolder))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Compiled Libraries');
            callback();
        });
});

// Lint and compile TypeScript
gulp.task('typeScript', ['tsd', 'copyLibraries'], (callback) => {
    gulp.src([
        `${appFolder}/${targetName}-debug.js`,
        `${appFolder}/${targetName}-debug.js.map`])
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src(typeScriptFiles)
        // Lint
        .pipe(g.tslint(tslintOptions))
        .pipe(g.tslint.report('verbose'))
        .on('error', (error) => callback())

        // Compile
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.init(sourceMapOptions.init))
            .pipe(g.typescript(g.typescript.createProject(
                `${configFolder}/tsconfig.json`)))
            .pipe(g.concat(`${targetName}-debug.js`,jsConcatOptions))
            .pipe(gulp.dest(appFolder))
            .on('finish', () => g.util.log('Compiled TypeScript'))
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.write(`./`,sourceMapOptions.writeInitial))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(appFolder))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Compressed TypeScript');
            callback();
        });
});

// Concat and babel all the javascript
gulp.task('concat', ['typeScript', 'copyLibraries'], (callback) => {
    gulp.src([
        `${appFolder}/Library.js`,
        `${appFolder}/${targetName}-debug.js`])
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.init(sourceMapOptions.init))
            .pipe(g.concat(`${targetName}-concat.js`,jsConcatOptions))
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.write(`./`,sourceMapOptions.write))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${appFolder}`));

        gulp.src([
            `${appFolder}/${targetName}-concat.js`])
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.init(sourceMapOptions.init))
            .pipe(g.babel({
                presets: ['es2015']
            }))
            .pipe(g.rename(`${targetName}.js`))
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.write(`./`,sourceMapOptions.write))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${appFolder}`));
});

// Copy static files
gulp.task('copyResource', (callback) => {
    gulp.src(`${appFolder}/Static`)
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Static/**/*.*`])
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${appFolder}/Content`))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Copied Resources');
            callback();
        });
});

// Compile Less
gulp.task('less', ['copyResource'], (callback) => {
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Resource/Style/**/*.*`])
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.init(sourceMapOptions.init))
            .pipe(g.less())
            .pipe(g.concat(`${targetName}.css`))
            .pipe(g.minifyCss())
        .pipe(g.sourcemaps.write(`./`,sourceMapOptions.write))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${appFolder}/Content`))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Compiled less');
            callback();
        });
});

// Minify the index and move to dist
gulp.task('htmlMin', (callback) => {
    gulp.src(`${distFolder}/Index.html`)
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Index.html`])
        .pipe(g.htmlmin(htmlMinOptions))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(distFolder))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Compressed HTML');
            callback();
        });
});
gulp.task('svgMin', (callback) => {
    gulp.src(`${appFolder}/Resource/Images/**/*.svg`)
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Resource/Images/**/*.svg`])
        .pipe(g.htmlmin(htmlMinOptions))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${appFolder}/Content`))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Compressed SVG');
            callback();
        });
});

// Copy compiled files
gulp.task('copyPublish', (callback) => {
    gulp.src([
        `${distFolder}/Content`,
        `${distFolder}/Index.html`])
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Content/*.css`])
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${distFolder}/Content`))
        .on('finish', () =>
            gulp.src([`${appFolder}/Index.html`])
                .pipe(gulp.dest(`${distFolder}`))
                .on('finish', () => {
                    g.util.log('Copied Publish files');
                    callback();
                }));
});

// Copy compiled files
gulp.task('uglify',(callback) => {
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/${targetName}.js`])
        .pipe(vinylPaths(del));
    gulp.src([`${appFolder}/${targetName}.js`])
        .pipe(g.uglify(uglifySettings))
        .pipe(gulp.dest(`${distFolder}`))
        .on('finish', () => {
            g.util.log('Uglified Application');
            callback();
        });
});

// Build task, building and copying files
gulp.task('build', [
    'copyResource', 'less', 'svgMin', 'concat'
], (callback) => {
    g.util.log('Finished build');
    callback();
});

// Watch task, registering specific watches
gulp.task('watch', (callback) => {
    gulp.watch([typeScriptFiles,libraries],['concat']);
    gulp.watch([`${appFolder}/Index.html`], ['htmlMin']);
    gulp.watch([`${appFolder}/Static/**/*.*`], ['copyResource']);
    gulp.watch([`${appFolder}/Resource/Images/**/*.*`], ['svgMin']);
    gulp.watch([`${appFolder}/Resource/Style/**/*.*`], ['less']);
    g.util.log('Attached watch');
    callback();
});

// Spin up server
gulp.task('server', (callback) =>  g.connect
    .server({
        livereload: true,
        root: [debug ? `./${appFolder}` : distFolder],
        port: localhost.port
    }));

// Default task, starting up server, building app and starting watch
gulp.task('default', [
    'build',
    'watch',
    'server']);

// Publish all the code!
gulp.task('no-debug', () => debug = false);
gulp.task('publish', [
    'no-debug',
    'htmlMin',
    'build',
    'copyPublish',
    'uglify'
    ]);


text:
SILVER VASE ADV S P MAN – Navy
Style, functionality and appeal are three words that can be used to describe BREMA'S line, especially thought up for off-road adventure. With stand-out technical and technological characteristics, this line perfectly represents BREMA'S style and history. It's the clothing that allows you to feel at ease with maxi Enduro in every situation. Developed as a result of BREMA's DNA in competitions, the Adventure-Sport set is suitable for the most extreme trips and excursions, a perfect balance between performance and off-road travel. The look recalls Brema's Regularity clothing of the 70s, also in the two-tone combination. Made of Cordura® fabric, the jacket comes with stretch fabric inserts on the armhole to facilitate movements, maintaining the right fit at the same time, and standard with protections on shoulders and elbows, while the back protector can be inserted into two pockets, one of which is 100% waterproof and a big pocket on the back. There are four air intakes, all adjustable by zip. Also the pants come with protections on knees and sides, air intakes and a big pocket on the front; the bottom leg, which goes over the boot, can be tightened by means of bands with Velcro, thus giving them a typical look which recalls the pants of the past. The Silver Vase ADV-S J-Man set is available in 4 different colors, Light Blue, Blue, Orange and Red, and 1 two-tone Blue-Gray set completes the offer. The Silver Vase ADV-S P-Man pants are offered in 2 two-tone, Red-Gray, Blue-Gray and one-color Blue.


Supposably, you was tank. Served it to you faithfully some time. Here unexpectedly now - and it fails. How to Apply? Exactly, about this you, darling reader our website, can learn from our article.
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A few days back, I saw an interesting political advertisement near my home and I wondered about the entire ad design process that resulted in this visual and politically stimulating masterpiece.
The customer is a young man, by political standards. Fortyish perhaps. Rising fast through the ranks. Son of a political martyr who died in an anti-dalit riot in the 70s. This is a bit of red letter day for him. It is the first time that he will headline a poster for his party. For the uninitiated, political posters in India usually feature an average of 80 people's photos crammed into a single frame with photo sizes relative to their poltical clout. There is also a standard header featuring famous dead people associated with the party. (In some cases, famous images are adopted regardless of the dead soul's actual involvement in the party). He meets the creative director of Velmurugan Arts, who is one of few political ad agencies who have successfully made the shift from the hand painted posters of yore to the questionably kitschy photoshopped monstrosities of today. Our upcoming revolutionary leader has a few simple requirements for his debut headline poster.
Good analysis. Hilarious. What about the friggin lion on the bottom right?
I'd trust the lion more that these buggers.


Business software Dubai is the most popular search query in Goggle and Yandex search engines. Local entrepreneurs and their assistants try to use all possible means to become ahead of competitors. Despite the fact that every business is individual, all of them strive for profit. Increasing flow of customers and deals, expanding company staff and partner database – these are aims uniting all commercial organizations. It is possible to reach them only during the process of constant business development.
Successful development depends on company efforts and overall situation in the market in turn. Business software makes one third of company success. Moreover, obstacles and difficulties which companies face on the way of development help to find weak pints of your team and underline its strengths.
IT development had a strong impact on business development. Perhaps, there is no company in the modern market which can continue its existence without computer and other technologies. Website presence, customer communication via email, partnership strengthening using Skype conferences – these are realities of contemporary business. If staff has a friendly relationship with technology, then roots of such friendship might grow even deeper. If not, sooner or later the company will come to a conclusion: usage of IT is not only promising opportunity, but also necessary measure in the process of company growth and development.
Business software in Dubai is popular enquiry among customers.
Over the last decade entrepreneurs have learned such terms as business automation and workflow optimization. Every manager wants to use maximum possibilities for his business development. We are offering ready business software in UAE, particularly, Megaplan CRM software. It helps to control internal and external business processes of the organization. Megaplan CRM software offers contemporary solutions for your business: customer database maintenance, document storage, planning of the meetings and important events, online billing system, reporting, analyzing the result and other details, which make the work with the system easy and convenient. Megaplan supports 1C and Microsoft Excel downloads. Moreover, it gives the possibility to attach files to messages and comments and to store documents of different formats. Business software in Dubai is an electronic diary. Getting used to Megaplan, it becomes impossible to imagine daily work without it.


At JetBridge, we develop customized software solutions and provide software development services. We are currently seeking a talented Full-Stack Web Developer with experience in Ruby on Rails 4 to join our world-class team of developers supporting our client. This role will be responsible for contributing to the development, and implementation of solutions for an innovation consulting company. In addition to contributing code and tangible deliverables the role is expected to work as an adviser to help identify, educate, and foster best-in-class solutions. The role requires the applicant to create and maintain strong relationships with stakeholders and team members.
As a JetBridge employee, you will be part of a company that values your work and gives you the tools you need to succeed. Our office is in [login to view URL], Innovation park, in Kyiv, but this position can be remote as well, based on your experience.
Hello, Dear. Nice to meet you. I'm RoR expert. I've read your post carefully. Thank you for your posting. Please discuss more details on chatting room. Regards. XiongJIe C.


text:
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Runnymede Neighbourhood
This residential neighbourhood is located on the western side of Toronto's downtown core, and it finds itself at the centre of some of Toronto's most affluent neighbourhoods. Its borders Bloor West Village to the south, which is one of the GTA's major shopping hubs. It's easy to see why people flock to this area, because High Park is located right around the corner. The neighbourhood's initial development came with the streetcar line that was built in the early 20th century, and that character stays true today because of its continued reputation as a transit hub.
Runnymede is a neighbourhood primarily full of detached housing, which accounted for 51% of home sales last year. 33% of sales were for semi-detached houses and 5% was for condos. The average price during that time was $978,764, which is a 20% increase over last year. This can be broken down into freehold homes costing an average $1,000,143, and condos at $797,150.
The southern borders of this neighbourhood are defined by Bloor Street West. This is Bloor West Village, and it is commonly regarded as one of the best shopping districts in the entire GTA. This area stretches from Jane Street to Ellis Park Road, and it encompasses more than 400 stores. If the rest of Toronto is any indication, with good shopping comes great food.
Trendy bars and restaurants line both sides of the street, and they're great places to stop for a quick bite after a long day of shopping, or maybe a quick drink instead. Another one of the neighbourhood's charms is that despite the hustle and bustle of Bloor West Village, the interior streets are very quiet, so even though this is a vibrant and dynamic area, you can still enjoy quiet peaceful living.
It isn't just Bloor West Village that attracts people to this part of town. High Park is a massive green space located in the western part of Toronto. It spans 400 acres, and it has multiple walking trails, as well as Grenadier Pond. This park is where Torontonians go when they need to get away from the city. This is because the park is so vast that you'll completely forget that you're in the heart of the GTA. Locals should keep their eyes on the cherry trees, which blossom every spring.
The area may have sprung up because of the streetcar line, but it's the subway that continues to connect the neighbourhood with the rest of the city. You can find a subway station at either of its southern borders - Jane Station to the east and Runnymede to the west. These stops connect the area with the rest of the GTA. Residents can make it to Union Station in under 30 minutes, and all the way across to Kennedy station in under 45 minutes. For drivers, it's easy to get to the Gardiner Expressway, which acts as one of the major passageways for the GTA.
This neighbourhood is full of character and amenities. The Bloor West Village offers a wide scale shopping district, complete with some amazing dining options. High Park allows residents to stroll through serene green space after a tough day at the office. There are few places in Toronto that have better transit options. From here, you can get anywhere you need in Toronto. Any condo that pops up here presents a rare opportunity to invest in one of the most exciting neighbourhoods in the city.
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That is the result of extensive research by team of scientists including archaeologist Jan Kolář from Faculty of Arts.
Scientist Richar Štefl received the prestigious ERC grant.
Molecular biologist Miriama Krutá will join the Derrick Rossi lab.
Experts from the Faculty of Informatics have found how to determine the probable author of anonymous texts.
The team created a theoretical model showing how RNA nucleotides could combine.
Portable device made by experts from Masaryk University will be on market within three years.
Interview with Olli Kallioniemi, keynote speaker at Ceitec grand opening on Friday.


text:
Q: If first $_GET field is empty but second has a value, echo to fill in missing value I want it to say "Please fill in the form below:" at first, before any input, but afterwards if they input an age but no name, I want it to say:
"Please enter a name:"
and if they input a name but no age then:
"Please enter your age:"
but if they submit nothing then:
"ERROR: Please enter your name AND age to continue"
Here is the code I have:
   if( $_GET["name"] && $_GET["age"] ) {
  echo "
Welcome ". $_GET['name']. " ... ";
  echo "You are ". $_GET['age']. " years old.
";

  exit();
   } elseif ( $_GET["name"] == FALSE ) {
       echo "
Please fill in the form below:
";
   } elseif ( $_GET["age"] == FALSE ) {
       echo "
Please fill in the form below:
";
   } elseif ( $_GET["name"] == FALSE && $_GET["age"] ) {
       echo "
Please fill in your name:
";
   } elseif ( $_GET["age"] == FALSE && $_GET["name"] ) {
       echo "
Please fill in your age:
";
   }

I'm just learning PHP and I've tried everything I can think of, this is what I've ended up with so far!
Thank you.

A: Replace FALSE with  empty() and you're almost there
Your form:
<form method='post' ... >
 <input type='text' name='name' value=''>
...
</form>

Then your PHP:
  if( $_POST["name"] ... ) {
  ...
  exit;
}
elseif ( empty($_POST["name"]) ) {
       echo "
Please fill in the form below:
";
   } elseif ( empty($_POST['age'] || !is_numeric($_POST["age"]) ) {
       echo "
Please fill in the form below:
";
   } elseif ( empty($_POST['name'] && !empty($_POST['age'] ) {
       echo "
Please fill in your name:
";
   } elseif (  !empty($_POST['name'] && empty($_POST['age']) {
       echo "
Please fill in your age:
";
   }

You should really restructure your logic so that your two values are independent

*

*Check if name is filled in.

*Check if age is filled in.

*return echo statement to user.

So the above series of elseif statements can become...
if(empty($_POST['name'])){
    $notice .= " Please enter your name.";
}
if(empty($_POST['age'])){
    $notice .= " Please Enter your age."
}
print $notice.

The .= concatenates the new definition on to the end of the current (or empty) value of the variable. You can print the $notice every time because it is either empty (nothing printed) or it has a value, which is something you want to print, so it's win win every time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The United States is known to have 7,200 nuclear weapons as of January 2015. This is the second most out of any country, and it is twenty-four times more than the nation at third place which comes in at just 300. However, the United States government feels that this is not enough and plans to spend at least $179 billion over the next nine fiscal years of 2010-2018. This has caused a few people to take pause and speak out against this. One notable person was Stephen Hawking who said, "If you want to slow the nuclear arms race, then put your money where your mouth is and don't bank on the bomb!" It also prompted the Cambridge City Council to divest their billion dollar pension fund from nuclear weapons production. This was in the hope that it would inspire other companies, people, and cities to do the same.
Nuclear weapons are a dangerous and devastating technology. They were first tested on July 16, 1945 in New Mexico. On the day of August 6, 1945 the world was changed forever. The United States dropped an atomic bomb on the town of Hiroshima, Japan. Nagasaki, Japan was bombed three days later. These two bombs alone caused nearly 200,000 deaths. Japan surrendered on August 14 and World War II was brought to a close. However, it almost immediately brought the United States into another war, the Cold War. The Cold War nearly brought on the destruction of humanity as the USA and the U.S.S.R both developed more powerful nuclear weapons as deterrents. Near the end of the war each had enough nuclear power to wipe out each other and plenty more.


text:
Q: How do you get Music Kits? Yesterday (10/10/14), Valve released Music Kits, as outlined in the Counter-Strike Global Offensive blog. According to the blog, they can be received by "offers in-game" or purchased from the market.

Want a music kit? They're available as offers in game, or you can pick one up now through the Steam market.

What exactly do they mean by "offers in-game", and how do you actually get one (apart from buying them from the market?
I couldn't find a way to get them from cases or any usual key-and-crate method. Neither can I find them being sold in the "store".
NB: The store is that bar above the blog with the cases and such. As per current, it only sells keys and contain info about the crates. Apart from that, you can't buy the Music Kits directly as a microtransation.

A: The Music kits can't be dropped, but only offers(looks like crates and works in the same way.)
You can buy Music kits on the steam market from other users, or you just have to get lucky and drop the offer in game to got the chance to buy a 6.99$ usd coupon; giving you the music kit.
Once you have drop the offer, and use it, you'll see the coupon, and will be able to buy the music

A: I am not sure, but this coupon thing is going on with some stickers too. I got a coupon just like that, but only for a sticker. I couldn't trade or sell the coupon, it became mine automatically as it dropped. So I assume you can not trade the coupon things. Once you get a coupon you are the only one who can use it.


text:
Branding and Acting - What Gives?
Regarding "Branding" for actors, recent articles have quoted Brad Gilmore Casting, including Backstage West and the Los Angeles Times.
"And Gilmore says, "When you audition for me, I'd rather not have you try to trick me into thinking you're this or that type. I want to see someone who has prepared extensively to bring the role to him or herself. If you're presenting a brand, you're putting up a barrier between us, and I can't get to know the real you. It's not acting. It's a sales pitch and I'm not buying.""
— Backstage
BACKSTAGE - Full Article
"It "seems a little bit too forced and formulaic," adds Brad Gilmore, who helped cast the TV show "The Closer" and now focuses on independent films. "It's a weird concept to me.""
— Los Angeles Times
LA TIMES - Full Article
April 8, 2013 by Brad Gilmore.
Brad Gilmore


text:
The universe has a sense of humor
Besides my books, the crowning achievement of my middle-age years is the fact that I haven't received a disciplinary report (DR) since 2009. A major feat, considering that my prison history is littered with rule infractions — contraband, fighting, multiple positive drug urinalyses, disrespect. I've probably been to the hole 50 times (my last stay was for more than eight months). I've lost all my gain time, been sprayed with gas, roughed up, cased up, stripped, shipped, and — most painfully — had my visitation privileges yanked. It's been a long journey.
And even when I started focusing on changing my thought patterns and behaviors, even when I committed to reinventing myself, there was still no guarantee that I could remain DR-free. The wrong guard in the wrong mood on the wrong day could result in a 30-day trip to the hole. There's no such thing as innocence here. Every inmate is guilty "based on an officer's statement." This is not some injustice I'm lamenting. This is just part of the prison experience. This is life.
So it was a minor miracle that I made it seven years without incident. Unfortunately, that streak came to an end last month.
There's this new rule designating the showers "off limits" from 7:45 to 8 p.m. for everyone except transgender inmates. Whether enacted from genuine kindness or some future lawsuit paranoia, I'm not sure. But even if it is a heavy-handed reaction to what's going on out there in the real world, it's probably a good rule. I mean, if it stops even one person from being assaulted or gives them a few minutes of peace and security in this hostile and violent place, it's a good rule, right?
The reason I violated it is simple: I forgot. As I said, the rule is brand new and anyway, there were no transgender inmates living in the dorm. So at 7:55, fully soaped and mentally entrenched in the epilogue of my latest novel, I was confronted by a guard and informed that I was being written a DR for entering the shower during the transgender-specified time frame. How did he know I didn't identify as transgender? Training? Expert analysis? He had a lip full of tobacco and a Confederate flag tat. I'm pretty sure he's no expert on the subject.
But that's not the story. Neither is the story my historic run of years coming to an end. The interesting thing about all of this is that the DR raised my custody level, which changed my housing level, which means I am now in a new dorm. My neighbors went from those with release dates within the next 15 to 20 years to mostly lifers. There's an amputee to my left doing a mandatory 40, a blind man to my right who's been in since 1986, and the dude across the aisle is fresh off death row. Ironic because the book I just finished writing includes an amputee, a blind man, and a death row subplot. Either the universe has a sense of humor, or its satellites are delayed. Where were these guys while I was researching On the Shoulders of Giants?
Over the next few months, I want to tell you about some of the faces and the stories on my block.


text:
Is Trading Giroux an Option?
February 20, 2017 by Matt Brauckmann
If there's one thing people in Philadelphia are notorious for, it's directing blame at a single player when the team is failing to meet expectations. It happens across all four major sports teams in the city.
Right now, Claude Giroux isn't necessarily feeling the brotherly love from the city that has seen him as captain of their hockey team for the past five seasons.
Time to trade Giroux. +/- 17 for season is pathetic. #Flyers
— Norm (@jnkiii) February 16, 2017
1. Give the C to Simmons. 2. Trade Giroux. 3. Go after a top quality, scoring center.
— Mitch Broadbent (@mitchbroadbent) February 18, 2017
Trade giroux, make Simmonds captain, get bishop in goal, bring up Morin and sanhiem. Flyers
— mike (@mdtflyers88) February 17, 2017
Now, despite all of that criticism, it really can't be directed at just the captain. In fact, the only player really bringing the heat night in and night out for the Philadelphia Flyers is Wayne Simmonds.
Despite the team struggling as a whole, and quite frankly not having all that great of a lineup, there are still people who think Giroux would be best off in the uniform of a different team.
Is that notion too extreme? Or is it something the Flyers should seriously look into?
A Statistical Argument
At this point in time, if you wanted to argue in terms of goals, assists, and points, then Claude Giroux's game has really taken a turn for the worse.
You may remember 2011-12, when the Flyers had a new-look team. It was the first year after the massive trades of Mike Richards and Jeff Carter, and Giroux was touted as a budding superstar in the NHL. That rang true throughout the entire 2011-12 season.
Giroux put up a monster 93 points and found superb chemistry alongside Jaromir Jagr and Scott Hartnell. That whole line was virtually unstoppable, and despite the Flyers' second-round playoff exit that season, Giroux finished that postseason tied for the lead in goals and fourth in points.
Things were looking up and Giroux was named the captain.
Things kept going well for him.
In the lockout-shortened 2012-13 season, Giroux led the Flyers in points again with 48, averaging a point per game.
Once again in the 2013-14 season, nothing really changed. Giroux remained the Flyers' best player and finished third in scoring in the entire NHL. In fact, he arguably led the Flyers to a playoff spot that year.
That was just one of the many huge plays he made down the stretch run for the Flyers. From January 2014 until the conclusion of that regular season, Giroux led the NHL in points with 48 in his final 41 games. That was the same season in which Giroux didn't even find the back of the net until mid-November.
But since that season, Giroux just hasn't looked the same.
Maybe it was losing line mate Scott Hartnell, maybe it was the shift in coaching, or maybe it's the sheer lack of scoring depth on the Flyers. But something hasn't been the same.
Giroux's point totals have gone from 86 in 2013-14 to 73 to 67 to just 42 right now, which has him on pace for just 59 by the end of the season.
But that really doesn't tell the whole story.
A Struggling Team
Sean Couturier has been one of many Flyers that has been struggling as of late. (Amy Irvin / The Hockey Writers)
More than any other sport, hockey is a team game. If the team isn't producing, one player isn't going to be able to do it himself, and that's the situation the Flyers are in right now.
Despite his struggles this season, Giroux is still second on the team in points with 42. That is no doubt a direct result of the Flyers' inability to put the puck in the net as of late. From the beginning of the season up until the end of the Flyers' 10-game winning streak in mid-December, Giroux was ninth in the league in points with 30 in 32 games, and his line mate Jake Voracek was tied for third in the league with 33 in 32 games.
In the 26 games since then, Giroux has 12 points and Voracek just 16. That means they're both averaging about one point every two games.
That may seem awful, but no Flyer is exempt, with the problem extending way beyond the Flyers two-star players.
Wayne Simmonds has only 13 points over that time period, Sean Couturier and Shayne Gostisbehere have 9, and Michael Raffl has just three points. The leader over that timeframe is Brayden Schenn, who has 16 points.
That isn't anything that can be blamed on one single player, let alone the captain. Those stats are more in line with a broken offensive system that isn't conducive to the style of hockey the Flyers should be playing. This is the exact same team that was scoring almost 3.50 goals per game in the first half of the season.
Scott Hartnell was a big part of Claude Giroux's success. (Tom Turk/THW)
When the Flyers' offense is clicking on all cylinders, Giroux is at the forefront of that.
So what can be said about Giroux in all of this? Well, his lack of production is more the result of a team that can't create any offense rather than a player who has lost his mojo.
Even if Claude Giroux isn't scoring, he still brings an all-around game that most other Flyers don't have.
In fact, Giroux has never really been labeled as a goal scorer. He's always been a playmaker who has excelled at his two-way game. That includes being one of the best faceoff men in the league, and that's hard to come by.
There isn't really any statistical argument for trading Giroux. His production shifts as the Flyers' offense as a whole struggles or excels, but regardless, he is always one of the top producers for the team, even evident during their recent offensive struggles.
The Age Argument
We've gone through Giroux's stats already, and despite fluctuations in the amount of his production, he's consistently been either the top scorer for the Flyers or right behind in second. That should be enough to tell anyone in Philadelphia that Giroux isn't worth even exploring a trade for.
What might constitute shopping Giroux is his age.
It might seem weird to talk about a player's age when he is only 29 years old, but in the case of the Flyers, that may end up being something that is very important.
Will Claude Giroux be out of his prime by the time the Flyers can contend? (Amy Irvin / The Hockey Writers)
As I mentioned above, Giroux recently turned 29 years old. His dip in production recently isn't really much cause for concern, at least to someone like me who observes his on-ice play night in and night out.
He doesn't appear to be sluggish or any weaker on the puck, but that's not the aspect of age I'm talking about here.
The Flyers have an abundance of youth in their system. These aren't guys that will be marginal players, they are guys (like Ivan Provorov) who will make an immediate and strong impact on the dynamic of the team. The problem for the Flyers is that these guys likely won't be coming into their prime for another three to four years.
Where will a guy like Giroux be by that time?
He could be almost 35 years old by the time the guys waiting in the wings come into their prime. By then, he will likely still be an effective player, but nowhere near the player he is right now. That leads to the burning question: are the Flyers missing Claude Giroux's prime?
That's a very interesting question.
A Missing Supporting Cast?
As I mentioned in the section above, Giroux had a career-high 93 points in 2011-12 and then (in the next full 82-game season) he had 86 points. Since that time, the Flyers have lost a significant amount of offensive weapons, ranging from Danny Briere to Scott Hartnell. Aside from that, they have severely lacked depth the past few seasons, meaning opposing teams only have to worry about shutting down Giroux, Voracek, and Simmonds.
Despite the recent dip in numbers, that would still lead me to believe that Giroux has the potential to put up hefty numbers, but he's on a Flyers team that is missing a lot of the pieces they need to step up to the next level.
That fact alone may essentially be rendering Giroux useless to the Flyers during a part of his career when he should be thriving.
It's eerily reminiscent of what happened to Phil Kessel when he was in Toronto. That was a guy who the Leafs decided to throw money at and call their savior. When the Leafs failed to turn things around, Kessel was an easy target to put the failures on, when in reality he just didn't have the pieces around him to succeed.
Phil Kessel found new life with a strong supporting cast in Pittsburgh. (Amy Irvin / The Hockey Writers)
Fast-forward to after he went to Pittsburgh and everything changed for the better. Kessel had a great season in 2015-16 and was without a doubt the unsung hero that brought Pittsburgh their fourth Stanley Cup.
Is that what's happening to Giroux in Philadelphia?
Well, it's hard not to think so.
Both guys have an abundance of skill and have been unfairly blamed for struggles that span an entire team. Kessel was traded away and it ended up benefiting both teams, but would the same be true for Giroux?
Well, that can be left up for endless hours of debate, but there are a couple of factors you have to weigh here. The first and most important of those being that the Flyers don't have the supporting cast right now, and their prospects probably won't be in full swing for another three to five years.
Would it benefit the Flyers to look to trade Giroux for young prospects?
Once again, that's up for a myriad of debates, but it makes you think. If the Flyers aren't truly ready to make a run for a few more seasons, will it make sense to carry Giroux's $8 million cap hit even though he'll probably hitting the downside of his career?
The other aspect to this is the prospects the Flyers have right now.
Nearly all of the highly touted prospects the Flyers have are defensemen. That's good in some sense, but they are also a little bit shallow when it comes to offense. The Flyers could surely net some highly touted offensive prospects if they were to trade Giroux away, and those guys would likely come into their prime at the same time as the defensive guys.
To Shop or Not to Shop?
If one thing has been certain throughout Claude Giroux's career in Philadelphia, it's that he has consistently been the go-to guy for offense. If the Flyers are struggling to score, Giroux is still going to be near the top of the team in points. If the Flyers are scoring at a high clip, Giroux is going to be top-three in points among his team. It's also important to understand that if a team is struggling offensively, that one player isn't going to change that and one player can't be the scapegoat.
One bad stretch of play doesn't warrant trading Giroux and neither do any of his stats since he's become a Philadelphia Flyer. If Giroux were an anomaly, then I'd say something is wrong with the player, but he's not. He isn't the only minus-20 on the team, he's still second on the team in points, and he's still the Flyers' best two-way player. That all hasn't changed.
Giroux has been a consistent player for the Flyers.(Amy Irvin / The Hockey Writers)
The only real argument for trading Giroux is that the Flyers aren't really the best fit for him, akin to what happened with Kessel in Toronto.
If the Flyers still have a significant amount of time until they are going to seriously contend for a Stanley Cup, then it might make sense to trade Giroux away for an abundance of youth; however, I don't see that happening.
The Flyers have shown that they can play at an elite level, most recently in the first half of this season, and Giroux was at the forefront of that production. They are likely just a few small pieces away from being a very good, consistent team, and Giroux will be an integral part of that.
If the Flyers were to absolutely tank the rest of this season and be out of contention for a majority of next season, then I could see the team trying to shop Giroux for younger players, mainly because there would be little point in keeping him around if they were far away from being a good team.
I have a hard time seeing that happening. What the Flyers are going through now probably has a lot to do with an offensive system that needs to be changed. Whether that involves the coach and bringing in someone else to do the job is a story for a different day. But when the Flyers do start scoring again (and they will), you better bet that Claude Giroux will be front and center of the offense.
Matt Brauckmann
Matt is a contributor for the Philadelphia Flyers at The Hockey Writers. He has previously covered the Flyers for GrandstandU. He enjoys playing hockey and making music in his spare time.
Categories Philadelphia Flyers Tags Claude Giroux, Top Story
Sabres Are Lacking an Identity
Team Canada…If the NHL Goes to the Olympics


text:
NQ Stadium
Hess takes confidence from defeat
By Alicia Newton, National Correspondent, NRL.com
Tue 1 Aug 2017, 02:00 PM
Rampaging back-rower Coen Hess says the Cowboys are well placed five weeks out from the finals, despite Saturday's 24-16 loss to the Sydney Roosters.
North Queensland led 16-6 at the break but were chased down in the second half by the Roosters, and now face a strong Melbourne outfit on Friday night in Townsville.
It was the first time in six weeks the side had lost a game without Johnathan Thurston, but despite the defeat Hess said their performance showed they could still compete with the best even without the champion halfback.
"We knew that this fortnight was going to be tough and present a challenge for us to see where we're at," Hess told NRL.com.
"The loss was disappointing but to match it with a top-two team in the Roosters and away from home where we've struggled in recent years, even with JT, shows how far we've come.
"We've got to be mentally tougher."
The Roosters turned it on after half-time to claw their way back into the contest and create a finals-like finish with 22 unanswered points.
"It was a very fast and physical game, they came out in the second half and blew us off the park," Hess said.
"Their big men were very hard to contain and their backs played off that.
"They sparked up their running game and just ran harder. As defenders we could feel it and couldn't stop them. When a side is completing at 100 per cent in the second half, sometimes you just have to give credit to the opposition where it's due."
The loss of Thurston to a long-term injury is new territory for the team – something that has forced everyone within the side to reevaluate their own individual contributions.
"The biggest thing is Morgo (Michael Morgan) has taken it upon himself to step up and formed a combination with Te Maire [Martin] as quick as we hoped they would," Hess said.
"I think everyone has had to grow another leg and go to another level and as players we all understand that."
Paul Green's men have arguably one of the toughest runs home with matches against the Storm, Panthers, Sharks, Wests Tigers and the Broncos.
While the race for the top four is still open, Hess believes any side could push for a grand final berth with the unpredictability of the competition this season.
"You give yourself every right to be there come grand final time if you're in the top four, it makes the road a lot easier but I think it won't matter this season with all the results of late," he said.
"As long as we're in the top eight I think we take confidence in our own ability to get to the grand final."
Despite having just 27 first-grade matches to his name, the 20-year-old has been in more major games than most with two Origin fixtures and three finals appearances in 2016 under his belt.
An enthusiastic Hess said he now understood the mental hurdle for the game's top players in backing up from a taxing Origin series.
"I've found it tough but that's all part of it, you're expected to back up and bring something back to the club," he said.
"I learnt a lot over the Origin period and feel as though I'm already bringing some parts back to the Cowboys.
"Playing alongside those elite players like Cameron Smith and Cooper Cronk has been a dream come true but when it comes to game plans in Melbourne and that type of thing, it's all different.
"We need limit their opportunities and take a leaf out of their book come Friday."
First published on NRL.com.
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Junior Cowboys take part in u18s Qld Emerging Origin camp
Drinkwater embraces five-eighth battle with Clifford
Drinkwater: I think going back to fullback was a blessing
Parr: We still have one roster spot open
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text:
Home Biography Photos
Posted on 06-09-2010 | United Kingdom
Kane Brett Robinson, better known as Kano, is a British rapper. His grandparents came to the United Kingdom as immigrants from Jamaica. He was formerly a key member of east London's N.A.S.T.Y. (Natural Artistic Sounds Touching You) Crew. He attended langdon park school achieving a diploma in graphic design, having a flair for visual communication and graphic publicity. However In his younger years Kano was a promising footballer, representing Chelsea F.C., Junior Hammers and Norwich City by the age of thirteen, but in the end he abandoned his sporting ambitions in favour of a musical career. His cousins Jonathan Fortune and Clayton Fortune play for Sheffield United and Aldershot Town respectively. Kano first became known on the UK grime scene for his work with his original group, N.A.S.T.Y Crew, which included members such as Ghetto. From this springboard he was signed as a solo artist and began work on his debut solo album.
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Can anyone please provide the steps to add company logo? Thanks AX 2012 R2Company logo Development / Customization / SDK Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 RDP report SSRS... 5. Set the ImageMode property to center the image, put it next to other controls or size the image to fit the default form size.
The company in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 is called Legal entity. We will go through step by step to Export and Import company (legal entity). We will go through step by step to Export and Import company (legal entity).... It is very easy to add the logo. please goto Organization administration > setup > Organization > Legal entity there you will have Company logo. Report will show logo based on company. if you change the company it will share logo of the respected company.
Applies To: Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 R2, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Feature Pack, Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Add an image to a form, such as a company logo. Expand the … how to connect windows xp to tv Adding headers and displaying company images Images and headers give a report a professional appearance. This interesting recipe will guide you to build a report with company images and headers.
30/05/2005 · 1) Add a picture box at the PageLoop, Header (1) section 2) Then, I set SourceExpr = CompanyInfo.Picture But when i compiled and tried to preview the report, the company logo … how to add from xbox to someone on pc fortnite How to Troubleshoot Common Master Data Management issues for AX 2012 Tuesday, November 21, 2017 Welcome to addressing common issues in Master Data Management (MDM) for Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012.
I am writing this blog to demonstrate how Data Import/Export Framework works in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 R2 and R3. Before starting the step by step process, I would like to give a little introduction on Data Import/Export Framework.
Explains how to resize your company logo when printing a Free-Text Invoice in a PDF format in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009. Sign In Popup The content of this page is locked.
Export Sales Order Data to MS Word templates with Dynamics AX 2012 ( Document Management ) Introduction: Often, the customer asked to modify the layout of the Standard reports to meet existing templates or tastes. and as we all know that changing the layout in the SSRS reports will take long time.


Is it OK to dispose of leaves on stream banks? There are leaves there already and I've heard it helps to stablize the stream bank. No-- It is true that there are trees and other vegetation next to streams and leaves from those trees fall into and around the stream, but as with many things in life, too much can be a bad thing. The natural system is equipped to break down and process the leaf litter that is there naturally, but dumping leaves in or near a stream overwhelms the system. Too much decomposing organic waste adds excess nutrients into our streams and lakes that can lead to unsightly algae blooms which also can be harmful to pets and humans. As algae dies, it uses oxygen in the water, which causes depletion in oxygen in the water for aquatic life and can cause fish kills.
Is it OK to put leaves in the storm drain? No-- it is illegal to dump anything, other than clean water, into the storm drain. Not only is it bad for water quality because stormwater is not treated, it can cause clogs in storm water catch basins which could result in localized street floodiing. And this causes increased maintenance costs for your city, which could result in higher taxes for you.
Additionally, thatch is not caused by mulching leaves or grass clippings into your lawn. Thatch is caused by many factors which include, frequent and shallow watering, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides, compacted and poorly aerated soils, and infrequent, high mowing.
Is it OK to blow or rake my leaves into the street-- doesn't the city pick them up? Most cities in Johnson County do not offer a leaf removal service. The street sweepers you may see on your street are there to pick up the leaves that fall on the street and ONLY those leaves that fall on the street. They are not equipped to remove a large amount of leaves, such as those raked intentionally from a yard, The cities of Westwood, Westwood Hills, and Roeland Park do offer a city-wide leaf pick up service, but only on specific days. Contact your city for details. The cities of Fairway and Mission Hills have negotiated on behalf of their residents with a third-party contractor to provide a fee-based leaf-collection service. Most other cities in Johnson County have weekly curbside yard waste collection, but require leaves to be in paper bags or in a container clearly marked as yard waste.


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Download WWE Raw Ultimate Impact PC Game For Free
WWE Raw ultimate impact is a little wrestling video game, Released in PC Windows. The publisher of this product is THQ. This installment is really simple even its 3D game. However, the graphics quality is very low, so that's why…
May 29, 2016 · by	John Williams · 0
WWE 2K15 PC Game Setup Free Download Full Version
WWE 2k15 PC Game full version setup free download for Microsoft Windows. The Installment was also released on (PS3), (PS4) and Xbox 360. 2K Sports and Visual Concepts are published and developed the game. You can also download WWE 2k16…
Download WWE 2K16 PC Game Full Version For Free
WWE 2k16 PC game was released in March, 2016 in Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 4. The installment is just awesome because their Developers includes some new features, characters, improve graphics quality and much more. Stone Cold Steve Austin…


NKA Removals » Posts Tagged "office removal tips"
Relocating offices can be stressful enough without the added worry of potentially forgetting something.
Some businesses will pack as they go along, and when they need to unpack, they'll find that there are some items missing.
This entry was posted in Moving Tips and tagged moving office checklist, office removal tips, office removals, tips for moving office on April 12, 2016 by admin.


Join us in raising funds and awareness for United Hatzalah of Israel. We are doing this In Honor Of The Volunteers of United Hatzalah .
Thank you for the opportunity to give Tzedakah to such a worthy cause.


Low-temperature techniques for doping of Cu interconnects based on interfacially-assisted thermal diffusion are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming doped copper interconnects includes the steps of: patterning at least one trench in a dielectric material; forming a barrier layer lining the trench; forming a metal liner on the barrier layer; depositing a seed layer on the metal liner; plating a Cu fill into the trench to form Cu interconnects; removing a portion of a Cu overburden to access an interface between the metal liner and the Cu fill; depositing a dopant layer; and diffusing a dopant(s) from the dopant layer along the interface to form a Cu interconnect doping layer between the metal liner and the Cu fill. Alternatively, the overburden and the barrier layer/metal liner can be completely removed, and the dopant layer deposited selectively on the Cu fill. An interconnect structure is also provided.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/862,580 filed on Sep. 23, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,754,891, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to forming copper (Cu) interconnects, and more particularly, to low-temperature techniques for doping of Cu interconnects based on interfacially-assisted thermal diffusion.
Conventional methods of doping copper (Cu) interconnects by doping a Cu seed layer has potential limitations due to thickness requirements, doping levels, conformality, and fill performance. All of these metrics can change depending on the dopant concentration in the seed target.
Further, the thermal diffusion of alloys into trenches has typically been done at higher temperatures (e.g., above 200° C.). However, at narrow dimensions (e.g., below a 36 nanometer (nm) trench width) the via structures degrade at such higher temperatures due to stress migration—especially if no copper overburden remains.
Therefore, improved techniques for forming doped Cu interconnects are needed.
The present invention provides to low-temperature techniques for doping of copper (Cu) interconnects based on interfacially-assisted thermal diffusion. In one aspect of the invention, a method of forming doped Cu interconnects is provided. The method includes the steps of: patterning at least one trench in a dielectric material; forming a barrier layer lining the trench and covering a top surface of the dielectric material; forming a metal liner on the barrier layer; depositing a Cu-containing seed layer on the metal liner; plating a Cu fill into and overfilling the trench to form Cu interconnects; removing a portion of a Cu overburden above the trench to access an interface between the metal liner and the Cu fill; depositing a dopant layer on a top surface of the metal liner and the Cu fill; and diffusing at least one dopant from the dopant layer along the interface between the metal liner and the Cu fill to form a Cu interconnect doping layer between the metal liner and the Cu fill.
In another aspect of the invention, another method of forming doped Cu interconnects is provided. The method includes the steps of patterning at least one trench in a dielectric material; forming a barrier layer lining the trench and covering a top surface of the dielectric material; forming a metal liner on the barrier layer; depositing a Cu-containing seed layer on the metal liner; plating a Cu fill into and overfilling the trench to form Cu interconnects; fully removing a Cu overburden above the trench; removing the barrier layer and metal liner from the top surface of the dielectric material to access an interface between the metal liner and the Cu fill; selectively depositing a dopant layer on only a top surface of the Cu fill without depositing on the dielectric material; and diffusing at least one dopant from the dopant layer along the interface between the metal liner and the Cu fill to form a Cu interconnect doping layer between the metal liner and the Cu fill.
In yet another aspect of the invention, an interconnect structure is provided. The interconnect structure includes: at least one trench patterned in a dielectric material; a barrier layer lining the trench; a metal liner on the barrier layer, wherein the metal liner includes Ru or Co; a Cu interconnect doping layer on the metal liner, wherein the Cu interconnect doping layer includes at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of: Ni, Co, Mn, and combinations thereof; and a Cu interconnect in the trench such that the Cu interconnect doping layer is present between the metal liner and the Cu interconnect.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating an interfacially-assisted, low temperature thermal diffusion having been used to form a dopant layer in between the metal liner and the Cu fill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Provided herein are techniques for diffusion doping of copper (Cu) interconnects. As will be described in detail below, the present techniques involve use of an interfacially-assisted thermal diffusion of a dopant primarily along the Cu/liner interface. Advantageously, this process can be performed at low temperatures (e.g., below 200° C.) thereby avoiding damage to the via structure. Further, the present techniques permit variable doping levels regardless of the Cu seed target composition (allowing for pure Cu seed) by depositing a thin layer of the dopant above the trench after a partial polish of the Cu fill, and then thermally diffusing the dopant along the liner material (at a low temperature).
Several different embodiments of the present techniques are now presented. The various embodiments differ primarily based on the particular metal liner and dopant materials being employed. For instance, the process flow of the present techniques generally proceeds as follows. At least one trench is patterned in a suitable dielectric. A barrier layer is formed lining the trench(es). A metal liner layer is deposited onto the barrier layer. A copper-containing fill metal is deposited into and filling the trenches. Either a partial or full polish of the Cu overburden is performed to access the Cu/metal liner interface. A dopant material is then introduced along that Cu/metal liner interface via thermal diffusion. In one exemplary embodiment, the metal liner is cobalt (Co), and the dopant (e.g., nickel (Ni)) is introduced via the deposition of a dopant layer across the top surface of the Cu and dielectric structure, followed by a diffusion anneal to introduce the dopant to the Cu/metal liner interface. Similar to this first embodiment, in a second exemplary embodiment, a ruthenium (Ru) metal liner is employed and the same basic process is performed except that following the diffusion anneal, the dopant is homogenized from the interface into the Cu. With this configuration, the dopant can react/alloy with the liner material to improve material properties, alter interfacial diffusion, and enhance liner stability. In the case of the Ru liner, however, it is expected that no such alloying/reaction would occur so the dopant will be free to homogenize into the Cu or diffuse through the barrier to react with the dielectric.
In a third exemplary embodiment presented herein, a Ru metal liner is employed in conjunction with a Co dopant. In that case, a full polish of the Cu is carried out to permit the Co dopant to be deposited only on the metal (i.e., Cu) and not on the dielectric. This precise placement of the dopant will permit the interfacially-assisted thermal diffusion of the dopant along the Cu/liner interface during additional level builds.
The first two exemplary embodiments will now be described by way of reference to FIGS. 1-7. The third exemplary embodiment will be described below by way of reference to FIGS. 8-10.
As shown in FIG. 1, the process begins with one or more trenches being patterned in a dielectric material 102. Suitable dielectric materials include, but are not limited to, silsesquioxanes, carbon doped oxides (i.e., organosilicates) that include atoms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), thermosetting polyarylene ethers, or multi-layers thereof. The term "polyarylene," as used herein, denotes aryl moieties or inertly substituted aryl moieties which are linked together by bonds, fused rings, or inert linking groups such as, for example, oxygen, sulfur, sulfone, sulfoxide, carbonyl and the like.
As provided above, one challenge with conventional processes of doping Cu interconnects is that the high temperatures employed can damage narrow features. Advantageously, the present techniques provide a low temperature process (e.g., temperatures less than 200° C.) that can be used for forming interconnect structures with scaled dimensions and without damage. Thus, according to an exemplary embodiment, the trenches patterned in the dielectric material have a width w (see FIG. 1) of less than about 50 nanometers (nm), e.g., from about 10 nm to about 40 nm, and ranges therebetween.
Next, a barrier layer 104 is formed lining the trenches, and covering a top surface of the dielectric material 102. See FIG. 1. According to an exemplary embodiment, the barrier layer 104 is formed from a conventional tantalum (Ta) and/or tantalum nitride (TaN) film.
A metal liner 106 is next deposited onto the barrier layer 104. According to an exemplary embodiment, the metal liner 106 contains Ru or Co. By way of example only, the metal liner may be deposited as a conformal layer on the barrier layer 104 using a deposition process such as chemical vapor deposition or CVD, ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD), etc.
Next, a Cu-containing seed layer 108 is deposited onto the metal liner 106. See FIG. 1. As is known in the art, a seed layer assists in the electroplating of Cu into the interconnect. Seed layer 108 can contain pure Cu, or a Cu alloy such as a Cu manganese (Mn) alloy. According to an exemplary embodiment, the seed layer 108 contains pure Cu.
A Cu fill 202 is then electroplated into the trenches. See FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the electroplated Cu will overfill the trenches. The portion of the Cu that is present above the dielectric material 102 is also referred to herein as the overburden. After electroplating the Cu seed layer is indistinguishable from the Cu fill 202.
A partial polish is next performed to remove the Cu overburden down to the metal liner 106. By "partial" it is meant that only a portion of the Cu overburden is removed in this step. Namely, an additional polishing will need to be performed to reach the target trench height (see below). The goal here is to access the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 which can be accomplished by polishing the Cu overburden down to the metal liner 106 as shown in FIG. 3. One or more additional polishing steps may be needed to fully polish the interconnect and remove the metal liner 106, barrier layer 104, etc. from the top of the dielectric material 102. Thus, one may simply employ the first of a multi-step polishing process to, in this example, partially etch the Cu overburden. While access to the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 can be accomplished by exposing the interface via polishing, it is notable that dopants can be introduced to the interface even if it is not exposed per se. The present techniques merely require that the dopant can reach the interface relatively quickly (to reach the fast diffusion pathway). Therefore, even if (post-polishing) there remains from about 1 nm to about 5 nm, and ranges therebetween of Cu in between the dopant layer and the interface, the dopant would still reach the interface and fast diffuse as needed. Thus when mention is made herein to accessing the interface, this includes scenarios where the interface is exposed as well as instances where a small portion of Cu (e.g., from about 1 nm to about 5 nm) is left between the dopant layer and the interface.
A dopant layer 402 is next deposited onto the top surfaces of the (now-exposed) metal liner 106 and Cu fill 202. See FIG. 4. By way of example only, dopant layer 402 includes a metallic dopant(s) selected from the group consisting of: Ni, Co, Mn, and combinations thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment, the dopant layer 402 is formed from Ni. In this exemplary embodiment, the dopant layer 402 is formed as a blanket layer on the structure. As highlighted above and as will be described in detail below, embodiments are presented herein where the dopant is deposited on only the Cu fill surfaces (and not on the dielectric). That alternative embodiment permits the building of additional layers and diffusion of the dopant during subsequent processing.
The metal liner 106/Cu fill 202 interface provides a pathway for fast diffusion of the dopant(s) from the dopant layer 402. Namely, diffusion of the dopants from layer 402 occurs at a faster rate along the metal liner 106/Cu fill 202 interface than, e.g., through the bulk of the Cu fill 202. This is what is referred to herein as interfacially-assisted diffusion which, advantageously, permits the present dopant diffusion anneal to be performed at low temperatures. As a result of the interfacially-assisted, low temperature thermal diffusion, a layer 502 of the dopant (i.e., a Cu interconnect doping layer) is formed in between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202. See FIG. 5.
Specifically, the thermal diffusion is carried out by annealing the Cu interconnect structure under conditions sufficient to diffuse the dopant(s) from the dopant layer 402 along the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 to form the dopant layer 502 between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202. According to an exemplary embodiment, the conditions include a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C., and ranges therebetween, for a duration of from about 3 hours to about 10 minutes, and ranges therebetween.
Following the dopant diffusion, the remaining portion of the dopant layer 402, as well as the metal liner 106, barrier layer 104, etc. can be removed from the top surfaces of the dielectric material 102 and Cu fill 202—if so desired. See FIG. 6. All of the polishing steps may be performed herein using standard techniques, such as chemical mechanical polishing or CMP.
As provided above, the process may vary depending on the particular metal liner materials. For instance, as described above, dopants such as Ni can serve to stabilize a Co metal liner material. Thus, when the metal liner 106 includes Co, it may be desirable to leave the dopant layer 502 intact at the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 in order to prevent the Co from undesirably diffusing into the Cu fill 202. On the other hand, there are not the same concerns with Ru, which is a more stable molecule. Thus, when the metal liner 106 includes Ru, one may optionally diffuse the dopant from the interface into the Cu fill 202 (i.e., the dopant is diffused from dopant layer 502 into the bulk of the Cu fill 202). See FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, post-diffusion, the dopant layer 502 is no longer present at the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202. It is notable that diffusion of the dopant into the Cu fill can occur naturally with the subsequent processing at higher temperatures in semiconductor fabrication. An advantage to diffusing the dopant into the Cu fill may be that forming a bulk alloy rather than just influencing the interfaces could help electromigration if the interfaces are sufficiently slow to electromigration.
As highlighted above, in another exemplary embodiment, rather than depositing a blanket dopant layer and then having to polish away the excess, one can instead deposit the dopant layer selectively on the Cu fill. This alternative embodiment is now described. The starting structure is the same, i.e., one or more trenches patterned in the dielectric material 102, the trenches lined with a barrier layer 104, a metal liner 106, and then a Cu fill 202. See, for example, FIGS. 1 and 2. As provided above, suitable metal liner materials include, but are not limited to, Co and Ru. According to an exemplary embodiment, the metal liner 106 in this example contains Ru.
In the example provided above, a partial polish of the Cu fill 202 was next performed. In this case, however, it is preferable to perform a full polish of the barrier layer 104, the metal liner 106, and the Cu fill 202 down to the top surface of the dielectric material 102. See FIG. 8 which, in this example, follows from FIG. 2. A full polish (i.e., to the target trench height) is preferable at this stage since no further polishing or etching will be performed post-deposition of the dopant layer. As shown in FIG. 8, this full polishing step serves to access the metal liner 106/Cu fill 202 interface. As described above, by 'access' it is meant that the interface is exposed or that only a small portion of the Cu (e.g., about 1 nm to about 5 nm, and ranges therebetween) remains in between the dopant layer and the interface. As provided above, a full polish may involve multiple etching/polishing steps to remove the various layers. For instance, a first polishing step may be performed to remove the Cu overburden, followed by a next polishing step to remove the metal liner, and a third directed to the barrier layer, and so on.
A dopant layer 902 is next formed selectively on the exposed top surfaces of the Cu fill 202. See FIG. 9. As provided above, suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, Ni, Co, Mn, and combinations thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment, the dopant layer 902 includes Co. Techniques for forming a metal cap on a metal wiring structure selective to a surrounding dielectric are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Number 2011/0045171 by McFeely et al., entitled "Multi-step Method to Selectively Deposit Ruthenium Layers of Arbitrary Thickness on Copper," the contents of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
As described above, the metal liner 106/Cu fill 202 interface provides a pathway for fast diffusion of the dopant(s) from the dopant layer 902 such that diffusion of the dopants from layer 902 occurs at a faster rate along the metal liner 106/Cu fill 202 interface than, e.g., through the bulk of the Cu fill 202. As a result of this interfacially-assisted diffusion, the present dopant diffusion anneal to form a layer 1002 of the dopant (i.e., a Cu interconnect doping layer) in between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 can be performed at low temperatures. See FIG. 10.
Namely, the thermal diffusion is carried out by annealing the Cu interconnect structure under conditions sufficient to diffuse the dopant(s) from the dopant layer 902 along the interface between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202 to form the dopant layer 1002 between the metal liner 106 and the Cu fill 202. As provided above, suitable conditions include, but are not limited to, a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C., and ranges therebetween, for a duration of from about 3 hours to about 10 minutes, and ranges therebetween.
Advantageously, since a full polish was already performed to completely remove the Cu overburden and the barrier and metal liner from over the dielectric material, one may optionally selectively place the dopant layer 902 on the exposed top surfaces of the Cu fill 202 (as shown in FIG. 9) and then next move on to building additional levels. During the additional level builds, the dopant(s) from layer 902 will diffuse along the interface. For instance, once a metal level is finished, it can be capped, a blanket dielectric can be deposited, and more lines/vias can be patterned and formed above the original 'level.' In doing those depositions and processes, everything below is heated which serves to diffuse the dopants.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
a Cu interconnect in the trench such that the Cu interconnect doping layer is present between the metal liner and the Cu interconnect, wherein the Cu interconnect doping layer fully surrounds the Cu interconnect whereby the Cu interconnect doping layer is continuous along all bottom, sidewall and top surfaces of the Cu interconnect.
2. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the metal liner comprises ruthenium (Ru).
3. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the metal liner comprises ruthenium cobalt (Co).
4. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the metal liner is disposed as a conformal layer on the barrier layer.
5. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the Cu interconnect doping layer comprises at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), Co, manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof.
6. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the Cu interconnect doping layer comprises Ni.
7. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the trench has a width of less than about 50 nm.
8. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the trench has a width of from about 10 nm to about 40 nm, and ranges therebetween.
9. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of: silsesquioxanes, carbon doped oxides that include atoms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), thermosetting polyarylene ethers, and combinations thereof.
10. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier layer comprises at least one of tantalum (Ta) and tantalum nitride (TaN).
11. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the Cu interconnect doping layer is absent from a top surface of the dielectric material.
12. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the Cu interconnect is coplanar with a top surface of the dielectric material.
5277985 January 11, 1994 Li et al.
5917244 June 29, 1999 Lee et al.
6355983 March 12, 2002 Graas et al.
6800554 October 5, 2004 Marieb et al.
6979642 December 27, 2005 Buynoski et al.
8492289 July 23, 2013 Edelstein et al.
8729702 May 20, 2014 Niu et al.
20080296768 December 4, 2008 Chebiam et al.
20110045171 February 24, 2011 McFeely et al.
20120061838 March 15, 2012 Edelstein et al.
J.R. Lloyd et al., "Electromigration in copper conductors," Thin Solid Films, vol. 262, No. 1, Jun. 1995, pp. 135-141.
R. Gonella, "Key reliability issues for copper integration in damascene architecture," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 55, No. 1, Mar. 2001, pp. 245-255.
List of IBM Patents or Applications Treated as Related (2 pages).


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Larimichthys is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de ombervissen (Sciaenidae).

Soorten
 Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846)
 Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)
 Larimichthys pamoides (Munro, 1964)

Ombervissen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia