This article is about the original Mauretania. For the later ship named after it, see RMS Mauretania (1938).
Fate: Scrapped in 1935 at Rosyth, Scotland.
68,000 shp (51,000 kW) nominal at launch, 76,000 shp (57,000 kW) on record run, later increased in 1928 to 90,000 shp (67,000 kW) July 1929.
Propulsion: Triple bladed design at launch changed soon after to four bladed versions. Astern turbines available on inboard shafts only.
RMS Mauretania was an ocean liner designed by Leonard Peskett and built by Wigham Richardson and Swan Hunter for the British Cunard Line, launched on the afternoon of 20 September 1906. She was the world's largest ship until the completion of RMS Olympic in 1911. Mauretania became a favourite among her passengers. She captured the Eastbound Blue Riband on her maiden return voyage in December 1907, then claimed the Westbound Blue Riband for the fastest transatlantic crossing during her 1909 season. She held both speed records for 20 years.
The ship's name was taken from the ancient Roman province of Mauretania on the northwest African coast, not the modern Mauritania to the south. Similar nomenclature was also employed by Mauretania's running mate Lusitania, which was named after the Roman province directly north of Mauretania, across the Strait of Gibraltar in Portugal. Mauretania remained in service until 1934 when Cunard White Star retired her; scrapping commenced in 1935.
In 1897 the German liner SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse became the largest and fastest ship in the world. With a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph), she captured the Blue Riband from Cunard Line's Campania and Lucania. Germany came to dominate the Atlantic, and by 1906 they had five four-funnel superliners in service, four of them owned by North German Lloyd and part of the so-called "Kaiser class".
At around the same time the American financier J. P. Morgan's International Mercantile Marine Co. was attempting to monopolise the shipping trade, and had already acquired Britain's other major transatlantic line, White Star.
In the face of these threats the Cunard Line was determined to regain the prestige of dominance in ocean travel not only for the company, but also for the United Kingdom. By 1902, Cunard Line and the British government reached an agreement to build two superliners, Lusitania and Mauretania, with a guaranteed service speed of no less than 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph). The British government was to loan £2,600,000 (£252 million in 2015) for the construction of the ships, at an interest rate of 2.75%, to be paid back over twenty years, with a stipulation that the ships could be converted to armed merchant cruisers if needed. Further funding was acquired when the Admiralty arranged for Cunard to be paid an additional sum per year to their mail subsidy.
Mauretania and Lusitania were both designed by Cunard naval architect Leonard Peskett, with Swan Hunter and John Brown working from plans for an ocean greyhound with a stipulated service speed of twenty-four knots in moderate weather, as per the terms of her mail subsidy contract. Peskett's original configuration for the ships in 1902 was a three-funnel design, when reciprocating engines were destined to be the powerplant. A giant model of the ships appeared in Shipbuilder's magazine in this configuration. Cunard decided to change power plants to Parson's new turbine technology, and the ship's design was again modified when Peskett added a fourth funnel to the ship's profile. Construction of the vessel finally began with the laying of the keel in August 1904.
In 1906, Mauretania was launched by the Duchess of Roxburghe. At the time of her launch, she was the largest moving structure ever built, and slightly larger in gross tonnage than Lusitania. The main visual differences between Mauretania and Lusitania were that Mauretania was five feet longer and had different vents. Mauretania also had two extra stages of turbine blades in her forward turbines, making her slightly faster than Lusitania. Mauretania and Lusitania were the only ships with direct-drive steam turbines to hold the Blue Riband; in later ships, reduction-geared turbines were mainly used. Mauretania's usage of the steam turbine was the largest application yet of the then-new technology, developed by Charles Algernon Parsons. During speed trials, these engines caused significant vibration at high speeds; in response, Mauretania received strengthening members aft and redesigned propellers before entering service, which reduced vibration.
Mauretania was designed to suit Edwardian tastes. The ship's interior was designed by Harold Peto, architect, and her public rooms were fitted out by two notable London design houses – Ch. Mellier & Sons and Turner and Lord, with twenty-eight different types of wood, along with marble, tapestries, and other furnishings such as the stunning octagon table in the smoking room. Wood panelling for her first class public rooms was supposedly carved by three hundred craftsmen from Palestine but this seems unlikely, unnecessary and was probably executed by the yard or subcontracted, as were the majority of the second and third class areas. The multi-level first-class dining saloon of straw oak was decorated in Francis I style and topped by a large dome skylight. A series of elevators, then a rare new feature for liners, with grilles composed of the relatively new lightweight aluminum, were installed next to Mauretania's walnut grand staircase. A new feature was the Verandah Café on the boat deck, where passengers were served beverages in a weather-protected environment, although this was enclosed within a year as it proved unrealistic.
The White Star Line's Olympic-class vessels were almost 100 ft (30 m) longer and slightly wider than Lusitania and Mauretania. This made the White Star vessels about 15,000 gross register tons larger than the Cunard vessels. Both Lusitania and Mauretania were launched and had been in service for several years before Olympic, Titanic and Britannic were ready for the North Atlantic run. Although significantly faster than the Olympic class would be, the speed and port turnaround times of Cunard's vessels was not sufficient to allow the line to run a weekly two-ship transatlantic service from each side of the Atlantic. A third ship was needed for a weekly service, and in response to White Star's announced plan to build the three Olympic-class ships, Cunard ordered a third ship: Aquitania. Like Olympic, Cunard's Aquitania had a lower service speed, but was a larger and more luxurious vessel.
Because of their increased size the Olympic-class liners could offer many more amenities than Lusitania and Mauretania. Both Olympic and Titanic offered swimming pools, Turkish baths, a gymnasium, a squash court, large reception rooms, À la Carte restaurants separate from the dining saloons, and many more staterooms with private bathroom facilities than their two Cunard rivals.
Heavy vibrations as a by-product of the four steam turbines on Lusitania and Mauretania plagued both ships throughout their careers. When Lusitania sailed at top speed the vibrations were so severe that Second and Third Class sections of the ship could become uninhabitable. In contrast, the Olympic-class liners utilized two traditional reciprocating engines and only one turbine for the central propeller, which greatly reduced vibration. Because of their greater tonnage and wider beam, the Olympic-class liners were also more stable at sea and less prone to rolling. Lusitania and Mauretania both featured straight prows in contrast to the angled prows of the Olympic liners. Designed so that the ships could plunge through a wave rather than crest it, the unforeseen consequence was that the Cunard liners would pitch forward alarmingly, even in calm weather, allowing huge waves to splash the bow and forward part of the superstructure.
The vessels of the Olympic class also differed from Lusitania and Mauretania in the way in which they were compartmented below the waterline. The White Star vessels were divided by transverse watertight bulkheads. While Lusitania also had transverse bulkheads, it also had longitudinal bulkheads running along the ship on each side, between the boiler and engine rooms and the coal bunkers on the outside of the vessel. The British commission that had investigated the sinking of Titanic in 1912 heard testimony on the flooding of coal bunkers lying outside longitudinal bulkheads. Being of considerable length, when flooded, these could increase the ship's list and "make the lowering of the boats on the other side impracticable" — and this was precisely what later happened with Lusitania. Furthermore, the ship's stability was insufficient for the bulkhead arrangement used: flooding of only three coal bunkers on one side could result in negative metacentric height. On the other hand, Titanic was given ample stability and sank with only a few degrees list, the design being such that there was very little risk of unequal flooding and possible capsize.
Lusitania did not carry enough lifeboats for all her passengers, officers and crew on board at the time of her maiden voyage (actually carrying four lifeboats fewer than Titanic would carry in 1912). This was a common practice for large passenger ships at the time, since the belief was that in busy shipping lanes help would always be nearby and the few boats available would be adequate to ferry all aboard to rescue ships before a sinking. After Titanic sank, Lusitania and Mauretania would be equipped with only an additional six more clinker-built wooden boats under davits, making for a total of 22 boats rigged in davits. The rest of their lifeboat accommodations were supplemented with 26 collapsible lifeboats, 18 stored directly beneath the regular lifeboats and eight on the after deck. The collapsibles were built with hollow wooden bottoms and canvas sides, and needed assembly in the event they had to be used.
This contrasted with Olympic and Britannic which received a full complement of lifeboats all rigged under davits. This difference would have been a major contributor to the high loss of life involved with Lusitania's sinking, since there was not sufficient time to assemble collapsible boats or life-rafts, had it not been for the fact that the ship's severe listing made it impossible for lifeboats on the port side of the vessel to be lowered, and the rapidity of the sinking did not allow the remaining lifeboats that could be directly lowered (as these were rigged under davits) to be filled and launched with passengers. When Britannic, working as a hospital ship during World War I, sank in 1916 after hitting a mine in the Kea channel the already davited boats were swiftly lowered saving nearly all on board, but the ship took nearly three times as long to sink as Lusitania and thus the crew had more time to evacuate passengers.
Mauretania departed Liverpool on her maiden voyage on 16 November 1907 under the command of Captain John Pritchard, and on the return voyage captured the record for the fastest eastbound crossing of the Atlantic, with an average speed of 23.69 knots (43.87 km/h; 27.26 mph). In September 1909, Mauretania captured the Blue Riband for the fastest westbound crossing — a record that was to stand for more than two decades. In December 1911, as in New York City in December 1910, Mauretania broke loose from her moorings while in the River Mersey and sustained damage that caused the cancellation of her special speedy Christmas voyage to New York. In a quick change of events Cunard rescheduled Mauretania's voyage for Lusitania, which had just returned from New York, under the command of Captain James Charles. Lusitania completed Christmas crossings for Mauretania, carrying revellers back to New York. Mauretania was on a westbound voyage from Liverpool to New York, beginning 10 April 1912, and was docked at Queenstown, Ireland, at the time of the RMS Titanic disaster. Mauretania was transporting Titanic's cargo manifest carried by registered mail. Travelling on Mauretania at the time was the chairman of the Cunard line, Mr A.A. Booth, who organised a vigil for the Titanic victims. In the spring of 1913 westbound transatlantic passage aboard Mauretania cost roughly $17 for third class passengers, as shown in the original ticket at right.
In July 1913 King George and Queen Mary were given a special tour of Mauretania, then Britain's fastest merchant vessel, adding further distinction to the ship's reputation. On 26 January 1914, while Mauretania was in the middle of annual refit in Liverpool, four men were killed and six injured when a gas cylinder exploded while they were working on one of her steam turbines. Damage to the ship was minimal; she was repaired in the new Gladstone drydock and returned to service two months later.
Shortly after Great Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914, Mauretania made a dash for safety in Halifax, arriving on 6 August. Shortly after, she and Aquitania were requested by the British government to become armed merchant cruisers, but their huge size and massive fuel consumption made them unsuitable for the duty, and they resumed their civilian service on 11 August. Later, due to lack of passengers crossing the Atlantic, Mauretania was laid up in Liverpool until May 1915 at the time that Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat.
Mauretania was about to fill the void left by Lusitania, but she was ordered by the British government to serve as a troop ship to carry British soldiers during the Gallipoli Campaign. She avoided becoming prey for German U-boats because of her high speed and the seamanship of her crew. As a troopship, she was painted in dark greys with black funnels, as were her contemporaries.
When combined forces from the British empire and France began to suffer heavy casualties, Mauretania was ordered to serve as a hospital ship, along with her fellow Cunarder Aquitania and White Star's Britannic, to treat the wounded until 25 January 1916. In medical service the vessel was painted white with buff funnels and large medical cross emblems surrounding the vessel and possibly illuminated signs starboard and port. Seven months later, Mauretania once again became a troop ship late in 1916 when requisitioned by the Canadian government to carry Canadian troops from Halifax to Liverpool. Her war duty was not yet over when the United States declared war on Germany in 1917, and she carried thousands of American troops. The ship was known by the Admiralty as HMS Tuberose until the end of the war, but the vessel's name was never changed by Cunard. Starting in March 1918, Mauretania received two forms of dazzle camouflage, a type of abstract colour scheming designed by Norman Wilkinson in 1917 in an effort to confuse enemy ships. The first camouflage scheme, applied early in March 1918, was curvilinear in nature and largely broad areas of olive with blacks, greys and blues. The second scheme was the more geometric design commonly referred to as "dazzle"; this design, applied by July 1918, was mostly several dark blues and greys with some black. After her war service, she was repainted in a drab grey scheme and finally full Cunard livery by the middle of 1919.
Verandah Café on the boat deck.
Mauretania returned to civilian service on 21 September 1919. Her busy sailing schedule prevented her from having an extensive overhaul scheduled in 1920. However, in 1921 Cunard Line removed her from service when fire broke out on E deck and decided to give her a much needed overhaul. She returned to the Tyne shipyard where she was built, where her boilers were converted to oil firing, and returned to service in March 1922. Cunard noticed that Mauretania struggled to maintain her regular Atlantic service speed. Although the ship's service speed had improved and it now burned only 750 short tons (680 t) of oil per 24 hours, compared to 1,000 short tons (910 t) of coal previously, it was not operating at her pre-war service speeds. On one crossing in 1922 the ship managed an average speed of only 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). It was during these years her promenade was enclosed. Cunard decided that the ship's once revolutionary turbines were in desperate need of an overhaul. In 1923, a major refitting was begun in Southampton. Mauretania's turbines were dismantled. Halfway through the overhaul, the shipyard workers went on strike and the work was halted, so Cunard had the ship towed to Cherbourg, France, where the work was completed at another shipyard. In May 1924, the ship returned to Atlantic service.
Mauretania's Second Class Smoking Room.
In 1928 Mauretania was refurbished with a new interior design and in the next year her speed record was broken by a German liner, Bremen, with a speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). On 27 August, Cunard permitted the former ocean greyhound to have one final attempt to recapture the record from the newer German liner. She was taken out of service and her engines were adjusted to produce more power to give a higher service speed; however, this was still not enough. Bremen simply represented a new generation of ocean liners that were far more powerful and technologically advanced than the aging Cunard liner. Even though Mauretania did not beat her German rival, the ship lost by just a fraction after decades of design improvement and beat all her own previous speed records both east and westbound. In 1929 Mauretania collided with a train ferry near Robbins Reef Light. No one was killed or injured and her damage was quickly repaired.
Mauretania and RMS Arundel Castle in the Bay of Funchal, Madeira, c. 1935.
Mauretania at Southampton in 1933.
In 1930, with a combination of the Great Depression and newer competitors on the Atlantic run, Mauretania became a dedicated cruise ship running six day cruises from New York to Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. On 19 November 1930, Mauretania rescued 28 people and the ship's cat of the Swedish cargo ship Ovidia which foundered in the Atlantic Ocean 400 nautical miles (740 km; 460 mi) south east of Cape Race, Newfoundland. In June 1933, she was painted white for cruise service. When Cunard Line merged with White Star Line in 1934, Mauretania, along with Olympic, Majestic, and other aging ocean liners, were deemed surplus to requirements and withdrawn from service.
Cunard White Star withdrew Mauretania from service following a final eastward crossing from New York to Southampton in September 1934. The voyage was made at an average speed of 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph), equalling the original contractual stipulation for her mail subsidy. She was then laid up at Southampton, her twenty-eight years of service at a close.
In May 1935 her furnishings and fittings were put up for auction by Hampton and Sons and on 1 July that year she departed Southampton for the last time to Metal Industries shipbreakers at Rosyth. One of her former captains, the retired commodore Sir Arthur Rostron, captain of RMS Carpathia during the Titanic rescue, came to see her on her final departure from Southampton. Rostron refused to go aboard Mauretania before her final journey, stating that he preferred to remember the ship as she was when he commanded her.
En route to Rosyth, Mauretania stopped at her birthplace on the Tyne for half an hour, where she drew crowds of sightseers. Rockets were fired from her bridge, messages relayed, and she was boarded by the Lord Mayor of Newcastle. The mayor bade her farewell from the people of Newcastle, and her last captain, A. T. Brown, then resumed his course for Rosyth. Approximately 30 miles north of Newcastle is the small seaport of Amble, Northumberland. The local town council sent a telegram to the ship stating, "Still the finest ship on the seas." To which Mauretania replied with, "to the last and kindliest port in England, greetings and thanks." Amble, to this day, is still known as 'Amble, the Friendliest Port', and this is still seen on signs when entering the town. With masts cut down to fit, the ship passed under the Forth Bridge and was delivered to the breakers.
Mauretania arrived at Rosyth in Scotland at about 6 am on 4 July 1935 during a half-gale, passing under Forth Bridge. By 6:30 am she passed the entrance to the Metal Industries yards under the command of Pilot Captain Whince. A lone kilted piper was present at the quayside, playing a funeral lament for the popular vessel. It was reported to author and historian John Maxtone-Graham that upon the final shut-down of her great engines, she gave a dark "final shudder...". Mauretania had her last public inspection on 8 July, a Sunday with 20,000 in attendance, with the monies raised going to local charities. Scrapping began shortly after and with great rapidity. Unusually, she was cut up afloat in drydock, with a complex system of wooden battens and pencil marks to monitor her balance. In a month her funnels were gone. By 1936 she was little more than a hulk, and she was beached at the tidal basin at Metal Industries and her remaining structure was scrapped by 1937.
To prevent a rival company using the name and to keep it available for a future Cunard White Star liner, arrangements were made for the Red Funnel Paddle Steamer Queen to be renamed Mauretania in the interim before the launch of the new RMS Mauretania in 1938.
The demise of the beloved Mauretania was protested by many of her loyal passengers, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who wrote a private letter against the scrapping.
Some of the furnishings from Mauretania were installed in a bar/restaurant complex in Bristol called the Mauretania Bar (now Java Bristol), situated in Park Street. The bar was panelled with great quantities of richly carved and gilt old growth African mahogany, which came from her first class lounge. The neon sign made for the 1937 opening on the south wall still advertises Mauretania and her bow lettering was used above the entrance. Additionally, nearly the complete first class reading-writing room, with the original chandeliers and ornate gilt grilled bookcases, has been serving as the boardroom at Pinewood Studios, west of London. The colour is no longer shimmering silver sycamore – it has been altered over the years to an amber. According to a Channel 4 programme about coast properties the whole of the Second Class drawing room from the ship form the interior of a white and blue house overlooking Poole Harbour. The drawing room is overlooked by a ballustraded circular veranda which is also original.
An original model of Mauretania is displayed at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. after a long stay on the retired Queen Mary in Long Beach, California. A gift from Franklin Delano Roosevelt, it was repainted white and green sometime in the 1930s.
The ship's bell is currently located in the reception of the Lloyds Registry of Shipping, Fenchurch Street, London. Annually for Remembrance Day, Lloyds Register observe two minutes of silence and lay a wreath at its base in honour of servicemen and women.
A large builder's model, showing Mauretania in her white cruising paint scheme, is displayed in the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic's Cunard exhibit in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Originally a model of Lusitania, it was converted to represent Mauretania after Lusitania was torpedoed.
Another large builder's model is situated aboard the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2, currently located in Dubai. This model was also originally Lusitania, and, like the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic's model, it was converted into Mauretania after Lusitania was lost. When inspecting the model, one can tell it was Lusitania by examining the different boom crutches and bridge front, which is on the boat deck level.
A model of the vessel which was originally commissioned by Cunard is now held in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.
In 2010, a complete African mahogany pilaster from the first class lounge, fluted with an intricate gilt acanthus motif and intact rams head capital, was discovered and restored to its former glory. Since 2012, it has been on permanent display in the Discovery Museum's Segedunum Annex at Wallsend, just a few hundred yards from where it was carved and installed in the Swan Hunter fitting out basin, over a century earlier. Many examples of the liner's fixtures and fittings exist in private collections as well, including large sections of moulding, panelling, ceilings, samples of her turbine blades and much more.
The Clive Cussler Isaac Bell novel The Thief is set aboard Mauretania. A terrible fire engulfs the forward storage area but it is brought under control.
And the monstrous nine-decked city goes to sea.
The historical novel Maiden Voyage by British writer Roger Harvey set in Newcastle in the 1900s gives an accurate account of the building of Mauretania and features characters involved with her turbine engines. The climax of two love stories and a thriller comes as the ship approaches New York on her maiden voyage.
^ A stoker shovelled coal into the furnaces of the boilers. A trimmer worked in the coal bunkers, bringing more coal forward as the nearer coal was used by the stokers. A boilerman was a more skilled role, with some responsibility for managing the operation of the boiler.
^ a b c Maxtone-Graham 1972, pp. 41–43.
^ a b Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 24.
^ a b c Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 11.
^ a b c Floating Palaces. (1996) A&E. TV Documentary. Narrated by Fritz Weaver.
^ a b Layton, J. Kent. (2007) Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography, Lulu Press, pp. 3, 39.
^ Vale, Vivian, The American Peril: Challenge to Britain on the North Atlantic, 1901–04, pp. 143–183.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 25.
^ "RMS Mauretania Construction". Tyne and Wear Archives Service. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
^ Layton 2007, p. 44.
^ Williams, Trevor. (1982) A short history of twentieth-century technology. Oxford University Press, p. 174.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 15.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, pp. 38–39.
^ a b c "RMS Mauretania Fitting Out". Tyne and Wear Archives Service. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 31.
^ a b c Maxtone-Graham 1972, pp. 33–36.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 33.
^ Archibald, Rick & Ballard, Robert.The Lost Ships of Robert Ballard, Thunder Bay Press: 2005; p. 46.
^ Archibald, Rick & Ballard, Robert."The Lost Ships of Robert Ballard," Thunder Bay Press: 2005; pp. 51-52.
^ Layton 2010, p. 55.
^ Hackett & Bedford 1996, p. 171.
^ Simpson 1972, p. 159.
^ Layton 2007, p. 120.
^ "TIP - Titanic Related Ships - Mauretania - Cunard Line".
^ Tansley, Janet (13 January 2016). "Nostalgia: Cunard's super ship RMS Mauretania".
^ Layton 2007, pp. 170–171.
^ a b c d "RMS Mauretania War Service". Tyne and Wear Archives Service. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
^ Ocean liners of the past: the Cunard express liners Lusitania and Mauretania. Published by Patrick Stephens, 1970 (p. 207).
^ a b c "RMS Mauretania Final (Service)". Tyne and Wear Archives Service. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
^ a b c Maxtone-Graham 1972, pp. 342–345.
^ a b Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 255.
^ Maxtone-Graham 1972, p. 340.
^ "Swedish steamer abandoned". The Times (45675). London. 20 November 1930. col E, p. 16.
^ "Rescued Swedish crew". The Times (45676). London. 21 November 1930. col F, p. 13.
^ "Welcome to North Atlantic Run". www.northatlanticrun.com.
^ "Why we are known as "The Friendliest Port" - The Ambler".
^ Longo, Eric K. (8 July 2010). "Mauretania 75th Anniversary". Liners of the Edwardian Era. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ Adams, R. B.  Red Funnel and Before. Kingfisher Publications.
^ "Mauretania back on the market - News - Bristol 24/7". 10 November 2016.
^ Graham, Hugh (30 April 2017). "Step aboard Dorset's most unusual holiday home". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ "Ship model, RMS Mauretania". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ Paul Moloney, "Toronto's Lusitania model bound for Halifax", Toronto Star, 30 January 2010.
^ "Ship models - magnificent Mauretania". 28 May 2015.
^ Longo, Eric K. "The Mauretania Pilaster". Liners of the Edwardian Era. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
^ Hugill, Stan in Spin, The Folksong Magazine, Volume 1, # 9, 1962.
Doubleday, F.N. (January 1908). "A Trip on the Two Largest Ships". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. Vol. XV. pp. 9803–9810. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
Jordan, Humfrey (1936). Mauretania: Landfalls and Departures of Twenty-Five Years. Hodder and Stoughton: London. OCLC 919719086.
Layton, J. Kent (2010). Lusitania: An Illustrated Biography (2nd ed.). Stroud, Gloucs: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445642628.
Layton, J. Kent (2010). The Edwardian Superliners: A Trio of Trios. Stroud, Gloucs: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781848688353. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007.
Maxtone-Graham, John (1972). The Only Way to Cross. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0025823507.
Newall, Peter (2006). Mauretania: Triumph and Resurrection. Longton, Preston, Lancs: Ships in Focus Publications. ISBN 1901703533.
Tyne and Wear County Council Museum Service (c. 1984). The Mauretania. Tyne and Wear County Council Museum Service.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mauretania (ship, 1906).
"Mauretania". Chris' Cunard Page. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010.
R.M.S. Mauretania This collection contains an album with 30 photographs of the Cunard Line luxury passenger ship, the R.M.S. Mauretania. Images include the dining room, lounge, deck areas, and state rooms. Also, included are views of ship construction, the ship in the harbour, the bridge, crew, kitchen, and engine room. Another set of related photographs includes 21 separate prints of the Mauretania.


style is fresh, style is cool. style flows freely and knows no boundaries. it takes shape in the imagination of the creator and gives personality to the wearer. it can sit subdued or roar thunderously- very much like clouds in nature. so when smartwater partnered with Lakme Fashion Week 2018 to launch 'The Platform'- an opportunity for emerging designers to showcase their talent, the theme had to be #inspiredbyclouds.
Journey India: Tell us a bit about how the journey to smartwater presents 'The Platform' began. What inspired you to be a part of the event?
Sakshi & Swasti: Our journey with smartwaterpresents 'The Platform' began after surpassing rigorous rounds of monitoring of design concepts for the cloud-inspired collection and thereafter emerging as one of the winners. One aspect that inspired us to be a part of the event, was the theme of '#inspiredbyclouds itself. It was exciting to take inspiration from something we see every day and transform that into a beautiful collection.
Journey India: What was your take in terms of art technique, craft, design and execution, on the theme- inspired by clouds?
Sakshi & Swasti: Inspiration: Clouds get formed with a cycle of atmospheric phenomenon. Similarly, the concept of a garment being made from pure handloom linen struck us as being 'sustainable fashion,' whereby discarded material from saris/clothes were turned into garments. This was our take on imitating the cycle of cloud formation.
Technique/Craft: The linen that we have used for our collection has been indigo dyed and dabu printed to imitate the variance and texture of clouds. Through the interplay of linen and silks, we are aiming to take one back to our legacy of handloom silks, while also catering to the demands of the winter festive season. A-line cuts and plain silhouettes with an interesting touch of seams have been used to provide structure to our garments. With a monochrome tone of soft greys, whites and blues, the seam lines in our collection have been inspired from the manner that Indian women used to dress in the 18th century.
Journey India: How did you ensure that your work was creative and unique- what made it stand out from the sea of other creations?
Sakshi & Swasti: We ensured that the collection that we bring forth uses an innovative approach because all our garments were centred on the theme of yardage waste. Intrigued by yardage that gets wasted in factories everyday due to minor defects in fabrics/saris, we have specifically used these discarded fabrics in order to showcase our collection. Therefore all our garments stand out because they aim to be sustainable, while also resembling the formation cycle of clouds.
Journey India: How do you feel the mentorship with India's leading designers helped you improve your work and the way you thought about design?
Sakshi & Swasti: The mentorship with India's leading designers was thorough and well-crafted to reflect from each other's work, and through this process of ideating together, to get the best version of ourselves into the limelight. For instance, inspired by how other designers were using props to enhance the looks for each model, we also thought of designing little belts and detailed collars to accentuate the stage appearances.
Journey India: What was your most memorable moment from the experience?
Sakshi & Swasti: The most memorable experience was when we were accompanied by Soha Ali Khan at the end of the show. She personally acted as a great brand ambassador for the three winners of 'The Platform' and we were deeply touched not only by the confidence with which she wore the outfits, but also by the elegance with which she acted as a brand endorser. We were truly able to maximise our reach through her endeavours.
Journey India: What is your take on the fashion industry in India, and opportunities available for budding design talent?
Sakshi & Swasti: The fashion industry in India is dynamic and rapid. The scope of growth is endless as the Indian fashion industry enters the global market. The industry provides a creative haven for all those people who are ready to embrace new trends and develop the much needed skill set for trend setting innovation. To be able to survive and sustain in this ever-growing world, the raw talent needs to be mentored carefully by a mix of design education along with a hands-on experience in design houses that actually care about honing such talent.
Journey India: Do you feel that smartwater presents 'The Platform' has helped open opportunities for you to build a career in design? If so, then how?
Sakshi & Swasti: We are looking forward to catalysing the opportunity of being on a part of this platform to meet like-minded, creative and aspiring designers. We are grateful to smartwater- an innovative and stylish brand, for providing us an opportunity such as 'The Platform,' so we can get the exposure and encouragement which we need to take our label to new soaring heights. There is ample talent out there in our country. However, everyone doesn't get a chance to showcase their work, and bring it to the limelight. Initiatives, such as smartwater presents 'The Platform' are much needed to help this talent to get the recognition, mentoring and opportunity they need to progress.
Journey India: Having gone through this experience and having had the opportunity to showcase at LFW, what would be your advice to budding designers based on your learnings?
Sakshi & Swasti: My advice is to embrace every part of the journey because each and every moment at Lakme Fashion Week should be deeply relished. Also, it is important to learn from all the guidance and support provided by industry-leading mentors, such as Bazaar India to grow as a brand and as an individual.
Journey India: What are your plans/career goals for the next five years?
Sakshi & Swasti: In the next five years, Shanti aims to provide a differentiated retail experience by diversifying from solely designing garments and clothes into the home decor space as well. Therefore, we want to leverage on the USP of being a designer brand, by interweaving the elements of our designs in carpets, sofa upholstery, wall paintings etc. Such diversification would lead Shanti to having an impact on people's lifestyle. We are therefore working towards being associated as a lifestyle brand.
Journey India: Finally, what does smartwater mean to you?
Sakshi & Swasti: smartwater for us is a perfect example of modern design infused with a strong concept. smartwater is unique in that the product itself utilises nature's way of making the purest water, while meeting standards of fashion in terms of design and style.


text:
Q: A dielectric moves toward a stronger electric field. This quick analysis says the opposite. What am I missing? As I understand, a dielectric placed in an electric field will have an induced polarization, which will draw it toward the direction where the electric field increases the fastest in intensity. But consider this:
Imagine a small body of volume $V$ with permitivity $\epsilon$ greater than that of the vacuum $\epsilon_0$ in an electric field $\vec E$. This body is moved a small distance $\delta \vec r$ into a place with an electric field $\vec E + \delta \vec E$. The body is small enough and is moved a small enough distance that the electric field is not appreciably affected. Before moving, the energy in the electroic field inside the body and inside the space the body will occupy after moving is (to first approximation):
$$E=\frac{1}{2}(\epsilon E^2+\epsilon_0(E^2+2\delta \vec E \cdot \vec E))$$
After moving, the energy in the electric field inside the body and inside the space previously occupied by the body is (again, to first approximation):
$$E+\delta E=\frac{1}{2}(\epsilon_0 E^2+\epsilon(E^2+2\delta \vec E \cdot \vec E))$$
So the change in energy is:
$$\delta E=(\epsilon-\epsilon_0)\delta \vec E \cdot \vec E=\frac{1}{2}(\epsilon-\epsilon_0)\delta  E^2$$
So work $\delta E$ has been done against the electric field to move the body to its new position. Thus, the force on the body because of the electric field is
$$\vec F_{e}=-\frac{1}{2}(\epsilon - \epsilon_0)\nabla E^2$$
Which says the force should be in the direction of fastest decrease in electric field intensity. What am I missing?

A: Your approach is absolutely correct, but you're not using the formula of energy density correctly. Energy per unit volume stored in electric field at some point $P$ is: \begin{equation}\frac{\epsilon}{2}E_p^2 \end{equation}
where $E_p$ is the electric field at $P$ and $\epsilon$ is the permittivity of the material present at $P$.
That being said, when you apply this formula to find the energy stored inside the dielectric, the field $E_p$ will be the field inside the dielectric($E_d$) and not the field in the vacuum($E$). \begin{equation}
E_d=\frac{\epsilon_0E}{\epsilon}\quad ...(\star)\quad(\epsilon:\text{permittivity of dielectric})
\end{equation}Now, I'll do the same mathematics as you did but I'll use the formula correctly.
I'll make the assumptions you made: The dielectric is small enough, therefore electric field can be assumed to be constant over the entire volume($V$) of the dielectric.
Electrostatic potential energy before moving the dielectric ($W$ is the energy, I divided it by Volume of the dielectric. We can rearrange the terms later) (includes the energy of dielectric at $P$and energy of the space where the dielectric will be moved):
\begin{equation}
\frac{W}{V}=\frac{\epsilon}{2}E_d^2+\frac{\epsilon}{2}(E^2+2\vec{E}.d\vec{E})= \frac{\epsilon_0^2}{2\epsilon}E^2 + \frac{\epsilon_0}{2}E^2 +\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}dE^2
\end{equation}
$\quad$ (using ($\star$).  $\quad$ Also $\vec{E}.d\vec{E}=\frac{1}{2}d(\vec{E}.\vec{E})=\frac{1}{2}dE^2$ )
$\quad$ where $d\vec{E}$ is the change in electric field when we move $d\vec{r}$ away from $P$.
Now, potential energy after moving the dielectric by $d\vec{r}$(includes the potential energy stored inside dielectric after it has been moved and the energy stored in space where the dielectric was initially):
\begin{equation}
\frac{W+dW}{V}=\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}E^2+\frac{\epsilon}{2}(E_d^2+2\vec{E_d}.d\vec{E_d})=\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}E^2+\frac{\epsilon_0^2}{2\epsilon}E^2+\frac{\epsilon_0 ^2}{2 \epsilon}dE^2
\end{equation}
Finally,
\begin{equation}
\frac{dW}{V}=\frac{\epsilon_0 ^2}{2 \epsilon}dE^2-\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}dE^2=\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}\left(\frac{\epsilon_0}{\epsilon}-1 \right)dE^2 \Rightarrow dW=\frac{\epsilon_0 V}{2}\left(\frac{\epsilon_0}{\epsilon}-1 \right)dE^2
\end{equation}
This change in potential energy is equal to the negative of the work done by the conservative force (Electric force, $\vec{F}_e$ here):
\begin{equation}
-\vec{F}_e.d\vec{r}=\frac{\epsilon_0 V}{2}\left(\frac{\epsilon_0}{\epsilon}-1 \right)dE^2 \Rightarrow \vec{F}_e.d\vec{r}=\frac{\epsilon_0 V}{2}\left(1- \frac{\epsilon_0}{\epsilon} \right)dE^2= (\Lambda).dE^2\quad ...(\star\star)
\end{equation}
$\quad$ where $\Lambda$ is some positive real number.
Now if $d\vec{r}$ corresponds to a direction along which $E$ increases, RHS of the $(\star\star)$ is positive because $d(E^2)$ is positive. In which case, LHS also needs to be positive for the equation to hold $\therefore$ Electrostatic force will be along the direction of $d\vec{r}$, the direction of increase in $E$, for the dot product to stay positive.
You can also write: $\vec{F}_e=\Lambda \vec{\nabla}E^2$ and deduce the same result, though more precisely.

A: The electric field inside dielectric is not the same as in vacuum: if in the vacuum it is $\vec{E}$ and the surface of dielectric if perpendicular to $\vec{E}$, then electric induction $D=\epsilon E$ is the same in vacuum and dielectric:
$$
D_{vacuum}=D_{dielectric}
$$
$$
E_{dielectric}=\frac{\epsilon_0}{\epsilon}E
$$
The energy $W$ is:
$$
W=\frac{\epsilon E_{dielectric}^2}{2}+\frac{\epsilon_0 (\vec{E}+\delta \vec{E})^2}{2}=\frac{\epsilon_0^2 E^2}{2\epsilon}+\frac{\epsilon_0 (\vec{E}+\delta \vec{E})^2}{2}
$$
$$
W+\delta W=\frac{\epsilon_0^2 (\vec{E}+\delta \vec{E})^2}{2\epsilon}+\frac{\epsilon_0 E^2}{2}
$$
$$
\delta W = \frac{\epsilon_0^2 (2\vec{E}\delta \vec{E} +\delta E^2)}{2\epsilon}-\frac{\epsilon_0(2\vec{E}\delta \vec{E} +\delta E^2)}{2}\approx-\frac{\epsilon_0(\epsilon-\epsilon_0)}{\epsilon}\vec{E}\delta \vec{E}
$$
If $\epsilon>\epsilon_0$ and $\vec{E}\delta \vec{E}>0$, then $\delta W < 0$, the dielectric will move in the direction of increasing $E$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A Ratzinger reader: 5 books to help you encounter Pope Benedict XVI
By Matthew Bunson for CNA
January 5, 2023 Catholic News Agency News Briefs 1 Print
null / Credit: Vatican Media
Vatican City, Jan 5, 2023 / 12:00 pm (CNA).
Pope Benedict XVI — especially during his extraordinary career and ministry as a theologian and professor — was not only one of the towering intellects in global Catholicism but also one of the most prolific.
In his nine decades of life, Joseph Ratzinger wrote more than 60 books and more than 1,300 articles, essays, and academic pieces; three encyclicals; and four apostolic exhortations. The writings range from profound theological tomes to general audiences to spiritual reflections, to encyclicals, to more popular books and book-length interviews. They cover fundamental and dogmatic theology, biblical exegesis, spiritual theology, cultural commentary, and catechesis on virtually every possible aspect of the faith.
It is a daunting task to begin reading his work, not merely because of the sheer volume but also the intimidating subject.
Here are five suggestions for a Benedict reading list. They span decades and topics, but each has been chosen as emblematic of his teachings and each is also accessible to the average reader. Any list is subjective, of course, but this is a potentially helpful place to start wandering through a holy and profound mind.
"Introduction to Christianity" (1968)
Written when Father Ratzinger was still in his 30s, "Introduction to Christianity" remains even now one of his most essential works. Like his trilogy, "Jesus of Nazareth," written many years later, this relatively short work was intended to be a "basic" primer on Christianity that anyone can access and appreciate. Based on a series of lectures, this is also a work that reflects his own intellectual and spiritual explorations in the years just after the end of the Second Vatican Council in 1965 and includes many of the themes that became pillars in his subsequent theological writings and concerns, such as relativism, historicism, subjectivism, the forgetting of God, and the need for the Church to proclaim Jesus Christ to a modern world thirsting for the encounter with the divine.
"Christian faith," he writes, "really means … acknowledgement that God is not the prisoner of eternity … he is capable of operating here and now, in the midst of my world."
It is notable that the work appeared in 1968, in the year and at a time of immense upheaval. The toxins released then are still felt today, such as the social and sexual revolutions, the rejection by so many in the Church of Humanae Vitae, the grotesque interpretations in some Catholic corners of the Council, and the rise of cynicism and mistrust of institutions.
"Introduction to Christianity" is the perfect place to start any serious reading of Ratzinger to situate ourselves with a clear understanding that Jesus Christ is the answer to every question in every age and that we are called to have a sacramental relationship with him.
"The Ratzinger Report" (1985)
A book-length interview with Italian journalist Vittorio Messori, "The Ratzinger Report" presents a series of interviews conducted over several days. Like the later interview books that Pope Benedict did with Peter Seewald, this book was a blunt and valuable assessment of the Church in the 1980s and some six years into the pontificate of St. John Paul II. Ratzinger had been prefect for the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith for almost four years at that point, and his thoughts are especially focused on the immense challenges facing the Church.
The topics are wide-ranging, including the true spirit and letter of Vatican II; the Church as God's Church, not the laity Church; the papacy, the episcopacy, and the role of bishops' conferences; liberalism, relativism, and the permissiveness of modern society; the dignity of the liturgy, the Eucharist as the heart of faith, and the difference between solemnity and triumphalism; liberation theology, Marxism, and capitalism; and evangelization and why Jesus is the only Savior.
While published four decades ago, in a different era, "The Ratzinger Report" is extremely relevant to understanding Ratzinger's thought that would find later expression in his time as pope and in appreciating as he did the dangers facing Catholicism. The themes would be revisited many times in the coming years, but of particular interest is his focus on the Second Vatican Council. Far from rejecting its labors, Cardinal Ratzinger instead called for a proper interpretation and implementation, citing the "hermeneutic of rupture" and the invocation of the "spirit of Vatican II" that have created such havoc and dissent within the Church.
He and John Paul worked to cement the "hermeneutic of continuity and reform" that the Council requested, but he also understood that to be a project stretching into the future. That included a recognition of the direction of the relationship between the Church and the world.
"It is not Christians who oppose the world," he says prophetically, "but rather the world which opposes itself to them when the truth about God, about Christ and about man is proclaimed. The world waxes indignant when sin and grace are called by their names. After the phase of indiscriminate 'openness' it is time that the Christian reacquire the consciousness of belonging to a minority and of often being in opposition to what is obvious, plausible and natural for that mentality which the New Testament calls — and certainly not in a positive sense — the 'spirit of the world'. It is time to find again the courage of non-conformism, the capacity to oppose many of the trends of the surrounding culture, renouncing a certain euphoric post-conciliar solidarity."
He also anticipates the inevitable course of Western culture, with its sexual and moral libertinism in the name of a false and diabolical freedom: "Fecundity separated from marriage based on a life-long fidelity turns from being a blessing (as it was understood in every culture) into its opposite: that is to say a threat to the free development of the 'individual's right to happiness.' Thus abortion, institutionalized, free and socially guaranteed, becomes another 'right', another form of 'liberation.'"
"Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today" (1996)
Published a decade after "The Ratzinger Report," this relatively short work was described by its author as a "primer of Catholic ecclesiology." Indeed, Ratzinger focuses on the nature and the mission of the Church, but as he always did when speaking and writing on the Church, he goes to the very heart of things: only by embracing a Christocentric and eucharistic life can we truly understand the Church. That deep but accessible Christological lens for approaching the Church brings with it immense ramifications for the believer.
Divided into five chapters with an epilogue, "Called to Communion" looks at: The Origin and Essence of the Church; The Primacy of Peter and the Unity of the Church; The Universal Church and the Particular Church: The Task of the Bishop; On the Essence of the Priesthood; A Company in Constant Renewal.
It is possible to see in this work the immense achievement of Ratzinger's own doctoral dissertation on the theology of St. Augustine as well as his reflection spanning the decades since. He builds on St. Paul's description of the Church as the Body of Christ to help the reader understand the proper role and function of its members.
"Called to Communion" also confronts the major theme in Ratzinger's writings on true and false reform in the Church. It is a question especially pertinent to today in the frequent calls to remake the Church in our own image, exemplified by the German Synodal Path. As he writes: "What is great and liberating about the Church is not something self-made but the gift that is given to us all. This gift is not the product of our own will and invention but precedes us and comes to meet us as the incomprehensible reality that is 'greater than our heart' (cf. 1 Jn 3:20). The reform that is needed at all times does not consist in constantly remodeling 'our' Church according to our taste, or in inventing her ourselves, but in ceaselessly clearing away our subsidiary constructions to let in the pure light that comes from above and that is also the dawning of pure freedom."
"Salt of the Earth" (1997)
The first of four book-length interviews that Ratzinger gave to German journalist Peter Seewald — with "God and the World" (2002), "Light of the World: The Pope, The Church and the Signs Of The Times" (2010) and "Last Testament: In His Own Words" (2016) — "Salt of the Earth" followed in the footsteps of "The Ratzinger Report" both in style and many of its themes. Seewald was granted the opportunity to sit and interview the then-cardinal for an hour a day over the course of several days, but he also had the valuable permission to ask difficult questions from a cardinal who had not received the questions ahead of time. The result is a book, like "The Ratzinger Report," that is filled with blunt but charitable assessments of the state of the Church and the world.
Two aspects of the book are especially valuable. First, it begins with his own personal reflections on his family and then his progression to being a priest, theologian, and bishop. Second, the interview was given shortly before the end of the 20th century and the start of a new millennium, meaning that he was able to consider the crises of the past, the challenges for the future, and the hope of a new millennium.
Seewald raises a host of questions, including the great moral controversies as well as the so-called "canon of criticisms" always thrown at the Church: celibacy, women's ordination, and remarriage for divorced persons. Ratzinger's answers are important in expressing again that there is a fixation on the criticisms by liberals to the great detriment of the mandate to proclaim the Gospel.
"There is too little attention to the fact that 80 percent of the people of this world are non-Christians," Ratzinger replies, "who are waiting for the gospel, or for whom, at any rate, the gospel is also intended, and we shouldn't be constantly agonizing over our own questions but should be pondering how we as Christians can express today in this world what we believe and thereby say something to these people."
There is also a remarkable restating of Ratzinger's fundamental thesis that we must not as Christians abandon the pursuit of truth. Truth, he says, "has to remain the central category. As a demand on us that doesn't give us rights but requires, on the contrary, our humility and our obedience and can lead us to the common path."
"Jesus of Nazareth" (2007, 2011, 2012)
The first in a trilogy on the person of Jesus Christ, "Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration" was the first book written by Pope Benedict XVI after his election. It was followed by "Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week" (2011) and "Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives" (2012).
Pope Benedict brings all his decades of study and prayer to the immense task of revealing Christ to the modern reader and draws upon a vast array of sources to weave a compelling narrative that is also arguably the most accessible of all his writings. It is also notable for the pontiff's declaration in his introduction that this is in "no way an exercise of the magisterium." Instead, this is a book by Joseph Ratzinger and a believer's "personal search for the face of the Lord." He adds: "Everyone is free, then, to contradict me." For a theologian who has made Christ the center of all things, it was a daunting task to do justice to the subject matter, and it took years of work, starting in 2003.
Benedict looks at the whole of Jesus' public ministry, including Jesus' baptism, the Sermon on the Mount, the meaning of the parables, the Calling of the Twelve, the Confession of Peter, and the Transfiguration. Throughout he asks the question, "What did Jesus actually bring?"
Benedict replies: "God. He has brought God! He has brought the God who formerly unveiled his countenance gradually first to Abraham, then to Moses and the Prophets, and then in the Wisdom Literature — the God who revealed his face only in Israel, even though he was also honored among the pagans in various shadowy guises … He has brought God, and now we know his face, now we can call upon him. Now we know the path that we human beings have to take in this world. Jesus has brought God and with God the truth about where we are going and where we come from: faith, hope, and love."
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI
Tears, thanksgiving, and thoughts from Benedict XVI's funeral
The story behind the image hanging at Benedict XVI's funeral
Pope to offer Divine Mercy Sunday Mass in church with St. Faustina's relics
April 17, 2020 CNA Daily News 2
Vatican City, Apr 17, 2020 / 10:00 am (CNA).- On Divine Mercy Sunday Pope Francis will offer Mass in a church containing the relics of both St. Faustina Kowalska and St. John Paul II.
This Sunday will mark the 20th liturgical anniversary of St. Fausti… […]
Steubenville-Columbus diocesan merger halted one week before vote at U.S. bishops' meeting
November 9, 2022 Catholic News Agency 1
Bishop Jeffrey Monforton of Steubenville, Ohio, gives the homily during Mass with members of the USCCB Region VI at the Basilica of St. John Lateran on Dec. 10, 2019, during their ad Limina Apostolorum visit. / Daniel Ibanez/CNA
Boston, Mass., … […]
Venezuelan president rejects Vatican letter calling for dialogue
July 23, 2021 Catholic News Agency 0
Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro speaks at a rally in Caracas in support calling a constituent assembly, May 23, 2017. / Marco Salgado/Shutterstock
Caracas, Venezuela, Jul 23, 2021 / 17:01 pm (CNA).
Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela,… […]
A Ratzinger reader: 5 books to help you encounter Pope Benedict XVI | Passionists Missionaries Kenya, Vice Province of St. Charles Lwanga, Fathers & Brothers
CDF prefect on divorced and remarried Catholics and Communion
Catherine Harmon October 23, 2013 0
Amid speculation that next year's Synod of Bishops will discuss the possibility of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive the Eucharist, the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith has published […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Update: Friday afternoon there will be short interruptions at Borsberg- and Gerokstraße, we need to replace some power supplies at Wundtstraße 3.
During the next days we will work on our network infrastructure at Zeunerstraße 1f and Gerokstraße 38, which will cause (hopefully short) outages.
8th of June, Wednesday, 5pm to 6pm: We will try to solve the current MTU related issue at Zeunerstraße.
9th of June, Thursday, 9:45am to 10:15am: Upgrade of the uplink for Zeunerstraße to 1Gbps (from 100Mbps).
11th of June, Saturday, from 11am: We will swap out the radio link mounting at Gerokstraße. We will try to provide a secondary radio link to keep the outages short.


Also includes Lil' Penny & the mud.
He loves dressing up as his favorite animals and enjoys making friends along the way. Today he and his new little friend, Lil' Flo, are all spiffed up and looking TOADally awesome!
He loves dressing up as his favorite animals and enjoys making friends along the way. Did you hear the "BUZZ?" Felton and his new friend, Lil' Bumble, are busy having fun!
He loves dressing up as his favorite animals and enjoys making friends along the way. Today he is monkeying around with his new little friend, Lil' Monty.


West Florida Yachts would love to guide you through a personal showing of this 54' Hylas RS 54 2006. This yacht for sale is located in Charleston, South Carolina and priced at $649,900. For a showing please contact us by filling out the form on this page and we will get back to you shortly!


text:
Current Affairs Business
Karnataka Bank launches health insurance to cover COVID-19 pandemic
As part of its social commitment, a special health insurance policy has been launched by the Karnataka Bank in association with Universal Sompo General Insurance Company Ltd to cover the uncertainties posed by COVID-19 pandemic. Under this health insurance policy, an individual can avail health cover for COVID-19 at a nominal premium of Rs 399, with the validity period of 120 days. The health insurance policy will cover COVID-19 pandemic related health expenses such as in-patient hospital expenses of up to Rs 3.00 lakh, outpatient treatment expenses of Rs 3000 and will also offer a sum of Rs 1000 per day towards expenses incurred towards 14 days of quarantine at a government or military hospital. All the customers of the Bank in the age group of 18-65 years will be able to subscribe the policy.
Catgeory: Business
British Petroleum to set up Global Business Service Centre in Pune
United Kingdom oil major "British Petroleum" is going to set up Global Business Service Centre in Pune, Maharashtra to support its global businesses. The centre would be established for its global business services (GBS) operations in Pune, Maharashtra. The centre is expected to begin its operations by January 2021. The planned Global Business Service Centre will employ around 2000 people and provide business processing as well as advanced analytics capabilities in support of British Petroleum businesses worldwide. The GBSC in India will allow the oil major to tap into India's digital talent pool and would result in its development and application of cutting-edge digital solutions.
HDFC ERGO partners with TropoGo to launch "Pay As You Fly" Insurance
HDFC ERGO General insurance firm has partnered with UK based tech firm TropoGo Limited to launch India's 1st 'Pay as you Fly' insurance for drone-owners in India. This policy, which can be offered on-demand to commercial drone owners and operators, give life assurance for Third Party Liability Claims. This insurance policy protects property damage and bodily injuries that maybe happened while conducting activities like survey, mapping, monitoring, disaster relief initiatives, civil administration services, use during festivals & events, property management and travel & tourism purposes among others. Members of this policy can claim an insurance cover of up to Rs 10 lakh on TropoGo mobile app & they will choose 4 hours, one-day, or a one-month cover to insure themselves against third-party liabilities.
IL&FS sells 50% stake in GIFT city to Gujarat government
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Limited (IL&FS) has completed the sale of its 50% stake in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City). These stakes were bought by the Gujarat Urban Development Company Ltd (GUDCL), on behalf of the Gujarat government, at an amount of Rs 32.71 crore. The stake sale took place after the approval from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). IL&FS has received Rs 32.71 crore as equity value for shares. Selling of stakes to Gujarat government has helped the IL&FS group in reducing its debt by Rs 1,230 crore. Its current outstanding debt is around Rs 94,000 crore. Gujarat International Finance Tec-City Company Ltd (GIFTCL) is active in the business of real estate development.
Jio Platforms raises Rs 5.6 k crore from Abu Dhabi Investment Authority
Jio Platforms has received investment of Rs 5683.50 crore from a wholly owned subsidiary of the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA). Hence, ADIA has bought 1.16% stake in Jio Platforms with its investment of Rs 5683.50 crore. The investment done by ADIA valued the Jio Platforms at an equity value of Rs 4.91 lakh crore and an enterprise value of Rs 5.16 lakh crore. Jio Platforms is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries (RIL). It aims to provide high-quality and affordable digital services across India. Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) is the largest investment arm of the government of Abu Dhabi. ADIA was established in 1976 and is a globally-diversified investment institution.
CCI approves merger of Peugeot S.A & Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
The merger of Peugeot S.A (PSA) and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA) has been approved by the Competition Commission of India (CCI). Peugeot S.A (PSA) is a publicly listed limited liability company incorporated in France. PSA is an original equipment manufacturer and dealer of motor vehicles, passenger cars as well as light commercial vehicles under the brands Peugeot, Citroën, Opel, Vauxhall and DS. Headquartered in London, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA) is a public company with limited liability. FCA is a global automotive group. Its works include manufacturing, designing, engineering, distributing and selling vehicles, components as well as production systems worldwide.
Indian Energy Exchange launches "Real-Time Electricity Market"
The "Real-Time Electricity Market (RTM)" has been launched by the Indian Energy Exchange on its platform and it will be effective from 01st June 2020. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) envisages to make the power market dynamic via the recently launched real time market. The RTM will make the power market dynamic by enabling trade in electricity through half-hourly auctions, totalling 48 auction sessions per day.
Features of Real-Time Electricity Market:
It will facilitate the power utilities to reduce dependency on deviation framework and save on the huge penalties.
It will aid the grid operators to improve the overall safety and security of the grid.
It will help the utilities and system operators to forecast and schedule green energy in an effective way.
It will make the power generators capable to sell their unrequisitioned capacity hence ensuring the efficient use of generation capacity.
Yes Bank acquires 24.19% stake in Dish TV via pledged shares
Yes Bank Limited has acquired a 24.19% stake in Dish TV India Ltd, a corporation providing Direct to Home (DTH) television service in India, following invocation of 44.53 crores pledged shares thanks to default in payment of the debt by Dish TV and a few other companies. This is the fifth instance within the past one year that Yes Bank has acquired majority stake during a non-banking business simply thanks to the invocation of the pledge against shares of a corporation that had availed loans from the bank and later did not repay the dues.
RIL rolls out WhatsApp chatbot to address rights issue queries
Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) has launched a "WhatsApp chatbot" to address rights issue queries of its 2.6 million shareholders on the offering. With a task of executing massive Rs 53,125 crore rights issue amid a nationwide lockdown, RIL has turned to WhatsApp Chatbot which has been developed by Jio Haptik Technologies. This chatbot is the first one which has been rolled out for a public offering and is available on WhatsApp. As with the lockdown it would have been difficult to manage sufficient call centre service, this chatbot will address the queries of the shareholders such as: important dates related to its rights issue, rights entitlement a shareholder is eligible for, how to trade their rights entitlement, and what to do if one has physical shares and sample forms, etc.
SEBI imposes penalty of Rs 7 lakh on NHAI
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been penalised with amount of Rs 7 lakh by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). SEBI has imposed the penalty on NHAI for delay in disclosing half yearly financial results between FY16 and FY19. The penalty has been imposed on the basis of SEBI's listing obligation and disclosure norms (LODR) according to which half yearly results have to be filed within 45 days from the end of the half year. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) delayed in disclosing half yearly financial results ranging from 4 days to 78 days.
Current Affairs Categories
Economy & Banking
Ranks & Reports
Trending Current Affairs
Smart Cities India 2018 Expo Underway In New Delhi
CII Pegs India's GDP Growth At 7.3-7.7% For 2018-19
World Environment Day 2018 Celebrated In New Delhi
President 3-Nation Visit: India & Cuba Sign MoUs
SCM BrahMos Test Fired Under Extreme Conditions
4 Indian-Origin Names In List Of Fortune's 40 Young Influential People
Colombia joins NATO as global partner
Bangladesh Cabinet Clears Deal With India For Port Usage
PM Inaugurates Key Development Projects In Varanasi
Paisabazaar.com Launches India's First 'Chance of Approval' Feature


text:
La batalla de Martirópolis se libró en verano de 588 cerca de Martirópolis entre fuerzas bizantinas y sasánidas, resultando en una victoria bizantina.

El ejército bizantino del este había sido debilitado por un motín contra el nuevo comandante, Prisco, en abril de 588, causado por impopulares medidas de reducción de costes. Prisco fue atacado y huyó del campamento tras lo que los amotinados escogieron como nuevo líder al dux de Phoenice Libanensis, Germano. El emperador Mauricio repuso al comandante anterior, Filípico, pero antes de que pudiera llegar y tomar el mando, los persas aprovecharon el desorden invadiendo el territorio bizantino y atacando Constantía.

Germano organizó una fuerza de mil hombres para aliviar el asedio. El historiador Teofilacto Simocates narra: "con dificultad [Germano] espoleó e incitó a los contingentes romanos con discursos", llegando a sumar 4,000 hombres en una incursión contra territorio persa. La llegada del enviado de Mauricio, Aristobulo, alivió la tensión en el campamento bizantino y restauró la disciplina en el ejército. Germano dirigió entonces a su ejército al norte a Martirópolis, desde donde continuó a través de la frontera a Arzanene. El ataque fue bloqueado por el general persa Maruzas (posiblemente correspondiendo también con la incursión derrotada por el marzban persa de Armenia, Afrahat, en la batalla de Tsalkajur cerca del lago de Van). Los bizantinos se retiraron con los persas de Maruzas persiguiéndoles.

Finalmente se libró una batalla cerca de Martirópolis, que terminó con una importante victoria bizantina. Según Simocatta, Maruzas fue asesinado, muchos de los líderes persas fueron capturados junto con 3,000 prisioneros y apenas mil hombres lograron refugiarse en Nísibis. Los bizantinos capturaron un cuantioso botín, incluyendo los estandartes de batalla persas que fueron enviados junto con Maruzas ante el emperador Mauricio en Constantinopla.

Referencias

588
Irán en el siglo VI
Martiropolis
Martiropolis
Martiropolis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » Annual Report 2015 - 2016: Reconnect. Renew. Results. » Support for women and families
Annual Report 2015 - 2016: Reconnect. Renew. Results.
A message from Chief Commissioner Renu Mandhane
Thank you, Ruth Goba!
Speaking out on racial discrimination
Protecting prisoners' rights
Refocusing, redefining creed
Disability: Ending stereotypes and stigma
Support for women and families
First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples: new era, new relationships
Poverty: connecting human rights, housing, municipal planning
Human rights at work
The right to be yourself: gender identity, gender expression
Connecting with communities
OHRC Commissioners : 2015-2016
End sexualized workplace dress codes that discriminate
Many restaurants and bars still require women to dress in high heels, tight dresses, low-cut tops and short skirts. Human rights decisions have found these policies and practices to be discriminatory. They make employees more vulnerable to sexual harassment, contribute to discriminatory work environments and exclude people based on sex, gender identity or expression and creed.
The OHRC's policy statement says that female employees should not be expected to meet more difficult requirements than male employees, and they should not be expected to dress in a sexualized way to attract clients.
When releasing this statement on International Women's Day, OHRC Chief Commissioner Renu Mandhane called for an end to sexualized dress codes. "Employers must make sure their dress codes don't reinforce sexist stereotypes. They send the message that an employee's worth is tied to how they look. That's not right, and it could violate the Ontario Human Rights Code."
Statement on Sexual Harassment Awareness Week June 1-7, 2015
This statement stressed that sexual harassment is a critical issue in Ontario and noted the importance of conversations about its root causes, its impacts, how to prevent it, and how to address it when it occurs.
From CBC.CA News, March 10, 2016:
The Ontario Human Rights Commission released a statement on International Women's Day March 8 calling for an end to gender-specific dress codes, stating that those policies discriminate against female and transgendered employees.
In an interview on CBC Radio's Edmonton AM, Cate Simpson, a spokesperson for Earls, said the change was made after months of consultation.
"We definitely reacted to the Ontario Human Rights Commission; we were unaware that was considered discriminatory."
Women cannot be denied training and promotion due to systemic sex discrimination: Sjaarda v. Ottawa Police Service
In December 2015, a settlement was reached with the Ottawa Police in Sjaarda v. Ottawa Police Service, a case that alleged a female police officer was denied training, job placement and promotion opportunities because of her family status, sex and maternity leaves. The OHRC intervened at the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario to address systemic barriers to promotion and advancement that women can face.
As a result of the settlement, the Ottawa Police will conduct a systemic review of its workforce demographics, policies and procedures. The aim is to ensure that female police officers, particularly officers who take maternity leaves and have family caregiving responsibilities, have equal opportunity to be represented at all levels and ranks.
"While my family and I have been at the centre of this human rights case, it is important to acknowledge the other officers who have been marginalized", said Constable Barb Sjaarda. "Many officers have experienced reprisal after coming forward with issues similar to mine, with some female colleagues going so far as to quit the profession out of frustration. A change in policing culture, encouraged by policies that respect human rights, can only be viewed as a positive step forward," she continued.
Elder care and the test for family status discrimination: Misetich v. Value Village
In this case at the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, Ms. Misetich alleged that she was discriminated against when her employer proposed to accommodate her workplace injury by providing her with temporary modified duties that involved a shift change from her day shift to the night shift. The proposed accommodation and accompanying shift change interfered with her eldercare responsibilities.
The OHRC intervened and made submissions about the appropriate legal test for discrimination based on family status, arguing that the HRTO should not adopt the test for discrimination based on family status set out by the Federal Court of Appeal in Attorney General of Canada v. Johnstone, 2014. We submitted that this test, which includes the requirement that the responsibilities in question amount to "legal responsibilities," is overly onerous and particularly inappropriate where eldercare is at issue. Eldercare does not typically involve legal responsibilities.
The OHRC's goal in intervening in this case was to advance an expansive interpretation of the Code. The HRTO's decision is currently pending.
The OHRC presented a webinar on preventing sexual and gender-based harassment, in partnership with the Human Resources Professionals Association.
2015 Summit on Sexual Violence and Harassment
At this summit hosted by the Province of Ontario, Renu Mandhane delivered a plenary address on taking a human rights approach for preventing and responding to sexual violence and harassment and noted that "It is not an exaggeration to say that experiences of sexual harassment and violence can completely alter the course of one's life." (Full speech available at www.ohrc.on.ca)


Do you know the feeling of embracing the sea at 2351 high? And closing your eyes inside a lava tube under ground, surrounded by amazing rock formations? And paddling aimlessly in a sea of clear water among 3 islands that form a mystical triangle? And hiking by paths full of history, surrounded by endemic species of incredible beauty? Discover with us a number of varied activities both on land and inthe sea and live unforgettable experiences.
You can take bike tours through the natural landscapes of the island, including the Landscape of Pico Island Vineyard Culture, UNESCO's World Heritage, and the central area of Pico.
Spend a different day on board of our kayaks, do sightseeing from the sea and visit fantastic caves along the shore.
A vertical experience in touch with nature, with certified guide and equipment.
Pico Island is a speleological paradise, where you can visit many caves and discover breath-taking rock formations underground.
In small or large groups, adrenaline and fun are guaranteed!
Are you keen on the underwater world? Discover it with us!
If you are looking for fun and adrenaline both on land and sea, and if you like hiking on the coastline, swimming, jumping into the ocean and rappelling, then this is the perfect activity for you.
Pico Island is an excellent destination for watching birds in their natural habitat. In addition to the endemic species, the Azores are also an important transit point for migratory birds that look for shelter during the winter.
We have different experiences at your disposal, in connection with our culture and traditions.
If you want to do some activities on your own, we have the right equipment to rent to you.


Om Prakash Dwivedi is assistant professor of English at the University of Taiz. He lives in Uttar Pradesh, India. Martin Kich is a professor of English at Wright State University's Lake Campus. He lives in Lima, Ohio.
...This collection of essays is a thoughtful update on the place of postcolonial theory in recent times. If the counterhegemonic thrust of poco theory is still relevant today, this is true in a way that revises hypostatic terms like 'self' and 'other,' global 'north' and 'south,' 'centres' and 'margins.' The individual contributions to this volume, capped by a useful critical introduction, provoke thought towards a more disciplinarily-open and affectively-engaged theory, one that is alert to the shifting transnational flows and changing regional realities of our global era.
"This collection of essays is a thoughtful update on the place of postcolonial theory in recent times. If the counterhegemonic thrust of poco theory is still relevant today, this is true in a way that revises hypostatic terms like 'self' and 'other,' global 'north' and 'south,' 'centres' and 'margins.' The individual contributions to this volume, capped by a useful critical introduction, provoke thought towards a more disciplinarily-open and affectively-engaged theory, one that is alert to the shifting transnational flows and changing regional realities of our global era."
recommended"—Choice; "This collection of essays is a thoughtful update on the place of postcolonial theory in recent times. If the counterhegemonic thrust of poco theory is still relevant today, this is true in a way that revises hypostatic terms like 'self' and 'other,' global 'north' and 'south,' 'centres' and 'margins.' The individual contributions to this volume, capped by a useful critical introduction, provoke thought towards a more disciplinarily-open and affectively-engaged theory, one that is alert to the shifting transnational flows and changing regional realities of our global era."—Professor Robbie B. H. Goh, National University of Singapore.


At studio iO we create a peaceful, intimate environment for health, fitness and wellbeing.
At Studio iO we create a peaceful, intimate environment for health, fitness and wellbeing. Escape away from the hussle and bustle of everyday life and relax in this space of calm and tranquillity. Offering many styles of yoga to suit everyone, meditation, Pilates and more. Our rooms upstairs offer a variety of healing treatments and therapies to leave you feeling nurtured and cared for.
We offer daily classes in Yoga, Pilates and meditation in our central Brighton studio. At Studio iO we offer smaller group classes that allow for personal attention in a safe and relaxed environment. Just nestled between London Road and The level this little gem is a peaceful haven where you can really unwind and explore a variety of yoga styles. From Restorative Yoga, Yoga Nidra, Beginners Hatha Yoga to more upbeat and challenging TRX Yoga with Holly Cooper Yoga, Vinyasa flow Yoga, Ashtanga, Rocket Yoga and more. We've got something for you all whether a complete newbie or a long practicing yogi. You'll feel pampered and revitalised at this space, which is fully equipped with beautiful mats, bolsters and lavender scented eye pillows. Come and visit us for an experience of pure bliss.


text:
Home 2019 Election Red Chamber at war: Who is the next Senate President as battle...
Red Chamber at war: Who is the next Senate President as battle for power begins?
By Okafor Victor Ifeanyi -
With the conduct of last Saturday's Presidential and National Assembly elections and the results declared by the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, the next stage of battle would be who becomes number three citizen of the country.
In the next couple of weeks and months, the nation would be saturated with stories and permutations as to who emerges the President of the Senate of the 9th National Assembly come June 8th, 2019.
Following the results released by INEC after the National Assembly election, the ruling party, the All Progressives Congress, APC has the highest number of both new and old senators, with a total number of sixty-four Senators. The opposition Peoples Democratic Party, PDP has a total of forty Senators, the Young Progressive Party, YPP has one Senator, bringing that to a total of one hundred and five Senators, with four yet to be declared in Imo, Taraba and Plateau States. In determining who becomes the Presiding officers, this brings us to the factor that the Senate Rule allows only a ranking senator to be selected for this purpose and being that the APC has the majority, the candidate may come from within its caucus. Another determining factor for clinching the position of Senate President is that out of 109 Senators, the person who has the highest number of votes becomes Senate President.
Top of the list of those believed to be in the contest is the present Senate leader, Senator Ahmad Lawan, APC, Yobe North who was picked for the position by the APC caucus prior to the emergence of the Present Senate President, Dr. Bukola Saraki in 2015. Senator Lawan who is loved by his colleagues, is seen as one who is well prepared for the position against the backdrop that in 2015, the North West Senators had adopted him as their preferred candidate for the position and the former Senate President, Senator David Mark had preferred him to Senator George Akume who was also interested then. He is about the highest-ranking legislator in the Senate having been elected to the House of Representatives in 1999. Another thing that would work in his favour is that in Yobe State where he comes from, other Senators are coming as fresh ones and age is also on his side, and he has the energy, vigour, and experience, just as a former contender for the position, Senator Akume has been kicked out of the Senate and will not be at the 9th Senate.
Another Senator who has been interested and still very much interested is former governor of Nasarawa State, Senator Abdullahi Adamu, Nasarawa West, and age may not be on his side as he is now seventy-two years and came to the Senate in 2011. What may work for him is that in his state, other Senators – elect are new especially with the coming of the present governor, Tanko Almakura. The former Senate leader, Senator Ali Ndume, Borno South is also said to be eying the position. It was gathered that the South-South would produce the Deputy Senate President and with the calculations, the present deputy Chief Whip, Senator Francis Alimikhena, APC, Edo North is most suitable for the position following his experience, age and having served as a principal officer, he is already equipped for the position. Though from the South-South, Senator Ovie Omo- Agege, Delta Central was reelected, he would be adequately compensated for being a very loyal supporter of President Muhammadu Buhari with a very juicy committee to chair.
Previous articleJUST IN: U.S. finally congratulates Buhari.
Next articleImo West: You're too small to run against me, Okorocha tells Onyeriri.
Okafor Victor Ifeanyi
http://Chinwatakweaku
Man Nabbed While Trying To Rape A New Mom In Abuja(video,photos)
Nelson chinaemerem - February 8, 2019
Curvy Actress, Anita Joseph And Male Barbie, Bobrisky Rock Same Hairstyle In New Photos
Nelson chinaemerem - April 8, 2019
Nigerian musician, Kiss Daniel changes stage name
Nnaemeka Francis - May 22, 2018
71 Reps move to revert to parliamentary system of govt as Bill passes 1st...
Nelson chinaemerem - December 14, 2018
Ogu: I Can Play Defensive Or Attacking Midfield For Super Eagles
← JUST IN: U.S. finally congratulates Buhari. ← Imo West: You're too small to run against me, Okorocha tells Onyeriri.


Hi guys, do you know how to use those weldable ports correctly? I've tried to do this for last 6 hours, and I cannot find it out.
After docking, right click and there will be an option to weld the parts. It as simple as the gif in the mod thread shows.
When I try to dock them with the 'snap' option, nothing happens. They just bounce from each other. Also, when I compress(rotate) docked ports, my ship explodes.
Compress is the correct option - and works for me - however, do you have any parts on the opposing sides that might clip into each other after doing this? This is the likely cause.
No, I don't have any overlapping parts.
Hmm. Is there any Kraken influence going on -- any docking can occasionally cause this (you'd likely notice before attempting to compress). That said, it sounds unlikely - I'd strongly recommend getting the latest Konstruction release if you haven't already just in case it's a bug in your particular version. If the worst comes to the worst, you don't actually have to compress -- effectively welding the ports together makes the join stronger, less wobbly and less prone to the Kraken, but as long as they're docked together you should still be ok.
One thing that should be noted -- if you're using KIS/KAS to move the docking port, it is inactive (won't act as a docking port) until the vessel is reloaded (jump to a vessel elsewhere and back to solve).
What I suspect is that you aren't actually docking - aligning those ports in the first place can be very tricky for a surface base and varying terrain can play havoc with attempts to dock vessels that docked perfectly when you tested back on Kerbin. Could you post some pics so we can diagnose?


text:
package edu.uci.ics.asterix.translator;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.base.Statement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.DatasetDecl;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.DataverseDropStatement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.DeleteStatement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.DropStatement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.InsertStatement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.aql.expression.NodeGroupDropStatement;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.common.exceptions.AsterixException;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.bootstrap.MetadataConstants;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.dataset.hints.DatasetHints;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.AsterixBuiltinTypeMap;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.metadata.entities.Dataverse;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.types.BuiltinType;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.util.AsterixAppContextInfo;
import edu.uci.ics.asterix.om.util.AsterixClusterProperties;
import edu.uci.ics.hyracks.algebricks.common.utils.Pair;

/**
 * Base class for AQL translators. Contains the common validation logic for AQL
 * statements.
 */
public abstract class AbstractAqlTranslator {

    protected static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(AbstractAqlTranslator.class.getName());

    protected static final Map<String, BuiltinType> builtinTypeMap = AsterixBuiltinTypeMap.getBuiltinTypes();

    public void validateOperation(Dataverse defaultDataverse, Statement stmt) throws AsterixException {

        if (!(AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.getState().equals(AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE) && AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE
                .isGlobalRecoveryCompleted())) {
            int maxWaitCycles = AsterixAppContextInfo.getInstance().getExternalProperties().getMaxWaitClusterActive();
            int waitCycleCount = 0;
            try {
                while (!AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.getState().equals(AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE)
                        && waitCycleCount < maxWaitCycles) {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    waitCycleCount++;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
                    LOGGER.warning("Thread interrupted while waiting for cluster to be "
                            + AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE);
                }
            }
            if (!AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.getState().equals(AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE)) {
                throw new AsterixException(" Asterix Cluster is in " + AsterixClusterProperties.State.UNUSABLE
                        + " state." + "\n One or more Node Controllers have left or haven't joined yet.\n");
            } else {
                if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
                    LOGGER.info("Cluster is now " + AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE);
                }
            }
        }

        if (AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.getState().equals(AsterixClusterProperties.State.UNUSABLE)) {
            throw new AsterixException(" Asterix Cluster is in " + AsterixClusterProperties.State.UNUSABLE + " state."
                    + "\n One or more Node Controllers have left.\n");
        }

        if (!AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.isGlobalRecoveryCompleted()) {
            int maxWaitCycles = AsterixAppContextInfo.getInstance().getExternalProperties().getMaxWaitClusterActive();
            int waitCycleCount = 0;
            try {
                while (!AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.isGlobalRecoveryCompleted() && waitCycleCount < maxWaitCycles) {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    waitCycleCount++;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
                    LOGGER.warning("Thread interrupted while waiting for cluster to complete global recovery ");
                }
            }
            if (!AsterixClusterProperties.INSTANCE.isGlobalRecoveryCompleted()) {
                throw new AsterixException(" Asterix Cluster Global recovery is not yet complete and The system is in "
                        + AsterixClusterProperties.State.ACTIVE + " state");
            }
        }

        boolean invalidOperation = false;
        String message = null;
        String dataverse = defaultDataverse != null ? defaultDataverse.getDataverseName() : null;
        switch (stmt.getKind()) {
            case INSERT:
                InsertStatement insertStmt = (InsertStatement) stmt;
                if (insertStmt.getDataverseName() != null) {
                    dataverse = insertStmt.getDataverseName().getValue();
                }
                invalidOperation = MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME.equals(dataverse);
                if (invalidOperation) {
                    message = "Insert operation is not permitted in dataverse "
                            + MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME;
                }
                break;

            case DELETE:
                DeleteStatement deleteStmt = (DeleteStatement) stmt;
                if (deleteStmt.getDataverseName() != null) {
                    dataverse = deleteStmt.getDataverseName().getValue();
                }
                invalidOperation = MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME.equals(dataverse);
                if (invalidOperation) {
                    message = "Delete operation is not permitted in dataverse "
                            + MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME;
                }
                break;

            case NODEGROUP_DROP:
                String nodegroupName = ((NodeGroupDropStatement) stmt).getNodeGroupName().getValue();
                invalidOperation = MetadataConstants.METADATA_DEFAULT_NODEGROUP_NAME.equals(nodegroupName);
                if (invalidOperation) {
                    message = "Cannot drop nodegroup:" + nodegroupName;
                }
                break;

            case DATAVERSE_DROP:
                DataverseDropStatement dvDropStmt = (DataverseDropStatement) stmt;
                invalidOperation = MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME.equals(dvDropStmt.getDataverseName()
                        .getValue());
                if (invalidOperation) {
                    message = "Cannot drop dataverse:" + dvDropStmt.getDataverseName().getValue();
                }
                break;

            case DATASET_DROP:
                DropStatement dropStmt = (DropStatement) stmt;
                if (dropStmt.getDataverseName() != null) {
                    dataverse = dropStmt.getDataverseName().getValue();
                }
                invalidOperation = MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME.equals(dataverse);
                if (invalidOperation) {
                    message = "Cannot drop a dataset belonging to the dataverse:"
                            + MetadataConstants.METADATA_DATAVERSE_NAME;
                }
                break;
            case DATASET_DECL:
                DatasetDecl datasetStmt = (DatasetDecl) stmt;
                Map<String, String> hints = datasetStmt.getHints();
                if (hints != null && !hints.isEmpty()) {
                    Pair<Boolean, String> validationResult = null;
                    StringBuffer errorMsgBuffer = new StringBuffer();
                    for (Entry<String, String> hint : hints.entrySet()) {
                        validationResult = DatasetHints.validate(hint.getKey(), hint.getValue());
                        if (!validationResult.first) {
                            errorMsgBuffer.append("Dataset: " + datasetStmt.getName().getValue()
                                    + " error in processing hint: " + hint.getKey() + " " + validationResult.second);
                            errorMsgBuffer.append(" \n");
                        }
                    }
                    invalidOperation = errorMsgBuffer.length() > 0;
                    if (invalidOperation) {
                        message = errorMsgBuffer.toString();
                    }
                }
                break;

        }

        if (invalidOperation) {
            throw new AsterixException("Invalid operation - " + message);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Under 19's player in 1991 who was drafted onto the senior list at the end of that year. Wore number 60 for Reserves games that year.
Assigned number 51 in 1992 but only played reserves. Also drafted by Geelong in the Mid-Season Draft he led the 1994 Reserve grade goalkicking for them. Also played for Norwood, then Rye between 2001 and 2002.


I participated the Sweet 16 challenge at the Michael Strong Yahoo group - and I won.
Just on time for my birthday... what a pleasant birthday surprise!
Three cards were selected by Mike, and there's a prize for the winners - one of Mike's stamp sets.
His stamps are so versatile and I'm having fun creating with them.
Happy Birthday to Dorly on April 1! Take a look at the birthday cake she made for herself and seven of her nearest and dearest. It looks delicious with the intricate icing and the dollops of chocolate. May I have a piece? Well done Dorly!
Is this not a wonderful start of the weekend?
Congratulations on winning and on your birthday toooo!!!!


I am a creature of habit when it comes to food. I am the person the waiter asks, "The usual?" when he comes to our table. I cook the usual dishes at home, and friends often know what I will bring to a potluck.
Now there's nothing wrong with shoyu chicken or custard pie, but I know that the culinary world is global and not confined to an island. Plus living in Texas is proof that I am not on an island.
So I have made a commitment to try one new recipe a week. It cannot be a mere modification or a spontaneous improvisation of something I've tried before. No, it must be a recipe that will stretch my ability and expand my palate.
I want to know that, in the culinary environment, it's not a small world after all!


text:
Q: How to use a C array as instance variable? For example I want to store this in an ivar:
CGFloat color[4] = {red, green, blue, 1.0f};

so would I put this in my header?
CGFloat color[];

How would I assign values to that guy later? I mean I can't change it, right?

A: Instance variables are zeroed out on allocation so you can't use initialisers with them.
You need something like this:
// MyObject.h

@interface MyObject
{
    CGFloat color[4];
}
@end

// MyObject.m

@implementation MyObject

-(id) init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self != nil)
    {
        color[0] = red;
        color[1] = green;
        color[2] = blue;
        color[3] = alpha;
    }
    return self;
}

A: You'd need to put the size in so that enough space is reserved.
CGFloat color[4];

Or use a pointer to the array, but that's more work and hardly superior for representing something as well-known as a color.

A: You are better off using a NSColor object if you can.
However, to your original question one of my first questions is where do you want to create this array.  When you say put it in a header do you mean as a member of a class or as a global array, you certainly can do both however there are some serious gotchas with putting globals in headers.  If you need that follow up and I can explain it better.
If it is in a class then you can just declare it like any other member field.  If you say
CGFloat color[4];

then the space for the array is allocated in your object itself.  You can also just use a
CGFloat *color;

or its moral equivalent to refer to an array that is stored outside of the object.  You do need to manage that storage appropriately however.
This matters in the case you hinted at where you use a constant array object and cannot later change it.  That can happen but is rare, since it cannot happen with the first approach, you don't see it in the wild very often.
There is a whole dissertation on the corner cases in here, I am sure it is not helping to go into it.  Just use CGFloat color[4] in your object and it won't matter, by the time you see things they will be mutable and you can just use them the way you expect.


Happy St. Patrick's Day from the Argus Team!
Happy Mardi Gras from the Argus Team!
Did you know that many medications have side effects that affect your oral health? Some common effects include: Dry mouth.
Merry Christmas from the Argus Team!
Merry Christmas from the Argus Team! We hope you have a great holiday with your friends and loved ones!