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This exposition presents the artistic research project 'Zum Spielen und zum Tantzen: A Kinaesthetic Exploration of the Bach Cello Suites through Studies in Baroque Choreography', undertaken at the Norwegian Academy of Music between 2009 and 2012. I offer a historical background, discuss the method used, and present the artistic results in the form of video and audio files. The dance titles of J. S. Bach's cello suites, derived from French court dance, clearly meant more to the composer than just abstract references. In Bach's time, dance practice permeated social life, and an intimate knowledge of fashionable dance forms was indispensable for a musician. The movements and gestures of these dances inevitably had a profound influence on performance style. I have investigated how the practice of Baroque dance could influence my interpretation of the Bach suites. Learning the essentials of this style and its original choreographies and frequently accompanying dancing, I also explored the dance aspect of the cello suites by way of experiments with historical tempos as well as melodic and rhythmic reductions of the musical material. Through this project, I hope to make a worthy contribution to the development of performance practice studies, offering a recontextualisation of Bach's work that emphasises the close links between the expressive gestures of music and dance. The results have both artistic and pedagogic potential as tools to discover essential aspects of dance character in Baroque music.
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The dance performance
The recording
Tormod Dalen
Tormod Dalen - Zum Spielen und zum Tantzen - 2016
Learning to dance
When it comes to understanding the dance aspect of Bach's cello suites, we are at an obvious disadvantage compared with eighteenth-century musicians. For them, la belle danse and the bodily paradigm it represented were simply and naturally an integrated part of their everyday lives and music making. For musicians of today, Baroque dance is at best subject to theoretical knowledge, and the only way of approaching a physical understanding of this dance style is painstakingly to learn it at an adult age. I here give an account of my learning process and the 'supporting disciplines' of analysis and reflection I have used to integrate the experiences from dancing in my musical practice.
During my studies I practised yoga; later, I took lessons in both Feldenkreis and Alexander technique. I was therefore convinced I was using my body in a reasonably rational way and that my posture was quite correct. Nevertheless, when I started my dancing lessons I became painfully aware of my lack of coordination and general awkwardness on the dance floor, and I had to admit that my posture left much to be desired. I realised that dancing required an entirely different use of the body than does playing the cello, and that, were I to reach an adequate level in the discipline within the project period, I would need some supporting bodywork.
My co-supervisor Béatrice Massin encouraged me to follow lessons in Body-Mind Centering.1 These sessions helped me liberate my movements from excessive thought control, and taught me to move more in tune with the natural energy flow. Along with the different types of warm-up exercises and bodywork routines offered by my dance teachers, this contributed to develop my body awareness; little by little the necessary conditioning for developing my Baroque dance skills was brought on.
During the entire project period, I followed Ana Yepes's Baroque dance classes in Paris as well as the weekend courses organised by Atelier Baroque. Ana Yepes's classes are intensive and demanding, but she manages to adapt the lessons to the level of each participant. The essentially oral learning style was difficult for me, especially in the beginning, but learning the Feuillet notation and using it to support my memory allowed me to find a modus operandi that helped me learn more quickly and eventually memorise entire choreographies.
At different points I had physical and musical 'revelations' or sudden insights that had important consequences for the development of the project. The first of these concerned the difference between the musical upbeat and the 'sink' that precedes each step in Baroque dance. Musicians quite naturally think of the upbeat as an upward movement, a lift preparing a downward movement at the bottom of which you find the first beat. In Baroque dance, the effect is just the opposite: the 'sink' (plié), a bend in the knees, prepares a 'rise' (élévé), or an upward push of the body on the first beat.2 Tomlinson (1735: 144) describes this as follows: '[The] Rise or Beginning of the Step, in Dancing, from a Sink always marks Time to the Tune, as well as the fourth or last Note is the Sink or preparative for the Rise or beating Time to the succeeding Step, which no sooner is perform'd than the Dancer proceeds to the next.' This 'dance upbeat', can be compared to compressing a spring that, when released, propels the phrase physically from bar to bar. Once this feeling is experienced and internalised, it becomes difficult to play heavy downbeats in Baroque dance music (see also Marckx 1999: 39).3
Another revelatory experience came during an intensive course with Béatrice Massin in late February 2011 as I was struggling with the transition to the minuet in the Bourrée d'Achille. Béatrice pointed out that my head was not well aligned with the rest of my body, and went on to touch the fontanelle spot on my head while pressing down. At that moment, I became aware that the central body axis really culminates at this point; whereas, I had always believed that it was situated at the top of the scull (in my case, roughly five centimetres further back). This realisation instantly changed the whole organisation of my body, creating a verticality and springiness that I had never felt before. The immediate effect was that the steps became easier to grasp, and I was able to work through the choreography much more fluently.
When I sat down to play the cello on the following day, it was as if my machinery had been equipped with new springs. My whole body felt more alive – tauter and more concentrated. It seemed like a new world of tactile sensations had opened. I am unable to explain exactly what I had learnt, but this particular feeling has been integrated as a point of reference for both my instrumental technique and my musical thinking.
From the very beginning of the project, I had the intuition there might be a direct connection between certain dance steps and musical gestures in the Bach cello suites, which gave me the idea of making a sort of 'table of concordances' to represent this connection.4 As I was learning the dance steps and arm gestures, I tried to relate them to specific phrase segments, or small musical formulae, in the suites. Of course, there can never be a one-to-one correspondence between these elements, since there are always multiple possibilities for attaching a dance step to a particular musical fragment; in the end, I found it more fruitful to use the elements from la belle danse more freely as physical metaphors for musical gestures and phrases.5 Nevertheless, when demonstrated or experienced, certain dance steps and arm gestures provide striking examples that stimulate new insights and new ideas for performing certain rhythms or elements in the Bach suites, and I used these ideas in the fifth part of the 'exploration' section of the dance performance. They also provided me with a vocabulary of steps when creating a choreography for the Sarabande of the Second Suite.6
Dance tempos and how to play Bach
Whenever the relationship between music and dance is discussed, the question of tempo inevitably comes up; indeed, for most musicians, this seems to be the only useful piece of information that can be gained by consulting specialists in historical dance (Little and Jenne 1991: 19).7 Though I believe character is more important than tempo, it is evident that speed does have important consequences for interpretation, and I spent quite some time in my project dealing with this question. In the remainder of this chapter, I will show how I related to the evidence from historical sources. These include tempo indications such as pendulum markings (L'Affilard, Loulié, La Chapelle, and Pajot d'Onzembray),8 and the heartbeat-related indications of Quantz (1752: 265, 274–75), as well as descriptions in different textual sources.
It is often asserted that historical dance tempos are too fast to do justice to Bach's music (e.g., Gelking 2010) and that the musical content would suffer if performed at such tempos. In support of this argument, some contemporary sources seem to advocate slower tempos when performing dance music away from the dance floor.9 Nevertheless, these texts are often cited out of context and a closer look at three of the most frequently quoted sources actually yields a more nuanced picture.
'An allemande for playing and one for dancing are as far removed as heaven and earth'
In his Beschützte Orchestre from 1717, Johann Mattheson describes a species of the 'Chamber Style', which he calls the Symphoniacus Stylus. It consists of all kinds of dances, or suites for keyboard, lute, viola da gamba, violin, and so forth. This type of music, when played alone, belongs to the Stylus Phantasticus ('Sind sie schwach und bestehend in Solis, so gehören sie ad Stylum Phantasticum'), along with everything that is improvised ('ex tempore gespielet wird'). He continues:
The above-mentioned dance types, which belong to the symphonic style, are elaborated with great art, and may not actually be used for dancing. They only have somehow the tempo of the above-mentioned dances, but are much nobler dances. An allemande for playing and one for dancing are as far removed as heaven and earth, and so on, the sarabandes somewhat excepted. (Mattheson 1717: 137–38, my translation)10
Mattheson obviously feels that the principal difference between danced and non-danced music lies in the character and complexity of the pieces themselves, rather than in the tempo of the performance.11
'one must give the tempo a bit slower because of the sanctity of the place.'
The second quotation comes from the 1er Livre d'Orgues published in 1688 by André Raison:12
One must observe the sign of the piece that one plays and consider whether it has a relation to a Sarabande, Gigue, Gavotte, Bourrée, Canarie, Passacaille or Chaconne, mouvement de Forgeron, etc. and play it the same way as you would on the harpsichord, only one must give the tempo a bit slower because of the sanctity of the place. (Raison [1688] 1899: 7, my translation)13
Raison here speaks about adapting tempo to circumstance, the solemn setting of a church service demanding slower tempos (he may also be taking resonant church acoustics into consideration). Nervertheless, he does not expressly state that we should modify tempo when playing dances on the harpsichord.
'there are some minuets for the harpsichord that are ordinarily not played as fast.'
The only source I have encountered that clearly speaks of an instrumental dance being performed slower than the dance tempo is Michel de Saint Lambert's 1702 Principes de clavecin. In explaining the 3/8 time signature, Saint Lambert (1702: 46–47) writes:
About pieces marked by the sign three for eight … it is the custom to beat this measure only in one, so to speak. … This is how one still beats the dance minuets, even if the measure be three crochets, because one plays them very briskly. I say dance minuets; for there are some minuets for the harpsichord that are ordinarily not played as fast. (My translation)14
This last quotation thus only mentions the minuet (and only some minuets at that); it would be difficult to argue that it is valid for all the other dances.
Thus we see that not even these three oft-cited sources unequivocally indicate that all dances should be slowed down when played outside the context of dancing. We are definitely far from the systematically slower tempos that permeate today's performance tradition.
Testing tempos
This was a good occasion to challenge the 'Bach tempo consensus'; thus, I decided to try rigorously applying historical dance tempos to selected movements from the cello suites. Since most of these tempos are radically faster than the cellist's traditional tempos, this required a fair amount of practice; but it was definitely worth the trouble. Table 3 shows each movement, the tempos I used as goals, and my notes. I deliberately chose to test only dances for which historical dance tempos exist.15
As we see, I managed to make five-and-a-half out of nine movements work in historically documented dance tempos. In addition, we can safely disregard the source for the allemande, as the tempo from La Chapelle seems to concern a different type of movement.
A special case: the sarabande
In the course of the project period, I observed that, even in quite complicated movements like the sarabande, my perception of 'the right tempo' started converging with the historical dance tempos. For the sarabande (excluding the sarabande vive, or fast sarabande), the historical sources indicate a tempo of MM 68–86, whereas both 'normal' and historically informed performances of the Bach sarabandes tend to be slower: roughly MM 32–50. My own interpretations, before starting dance practice, were situated close to this range: I used to play the Sarabande of the First Suite at MM 52. After a year of dancing, I made a list of tempo ranges that seemed possible for each of the sarabandes, marking down 50–72 for this particular one (see table 4). One year later, finally able actually to dance a few sarabande choreographies (Sarabande pour une femme, La Bourgogne), I made a new test, this time noting only the tempo that spontaneously felt natural. For the first sarabande, this now turned out to be 72, with no technical discomfort. It is remarkable that the sarabandes now felt natural to perform at a tempo that seemed the fastest possible the year before. When I recorded the suites a year later I had finished the 'speeding-up process'; I could back down a little without feeling I lost the dance character.
Tempo variation
It is often stated that accompanying dancers limits the liberty of the musician, especially where tempo is concerned; I remember vividly the first time I played with dancers, the choreographer repeatedly having to shout, 'Don't slow down at the repeats!' There does exist a margin for tempo variations in dance music, though, and I have found that whenever musicians and dancers mutually 'listen' to each other, this margin can be quite large. From the musician's side the tempo rubato needs to be introduced in a way compatible with the dancer's movements on the floor: if the dance in question includes leaps, skips, or suspensions, there will be a 'gravitational limit' to the tempo; however, if the steps are marched, the dancer has more liberty to respond to the musician's tempo nuances. Ideally this interplay goes both ways: the musician should also be attentive to variations in the character of the dance and echo changes in velocity and energy by giving way, or hasten the pace of the music. If there is a mutual 'physical understanding' between the musician and the dancer, even ritardandos before repeats can be introduced with success. To illustrate this, table 5 indicates the tempo ranges observed in the final dance performance of this project.
In the course of my project, working with strictly historical tempos in the dance movements of the cello suites, an important question came up. Bach's music contains a wealth of musical detail normally not found in pure dance music. He also keeps the musician busy compensating for the lack of polyphonic texture by requiring chords, leaps, and arpeggios, all of which make the relatively fast dance tempos technically awkward. Could there be a more practical way of applying and practising historical dance tempos in this music?
I ended up with the solution of making melodic reductions, or simplifications. Stripping the music of its abundant written-out ornaments, diminutions, and arpeggios, I aimed to end up with the simplest possible melody, one that could easily be played in a tempo suitable for dancing. Since the purpose was to look for dance character, these simplifications also needed to be reasonably satisfying as dance tunes. I found the procedure needed to be adapted to each movement; the examples below show different strategies for making such reductions.
I emphasise that these simplifications are meant purely as exercises through which to experience the dance content of the suite movements, providing an opportunity to play the 'skeleton' of Bach's dance movements in actual dance tempo without having to deal with the technical difficulties.16 Many of the arpeggios and diminutions in these solo pieces carry essential structural and harmonic functions; I am painfully aware that, by removing them, I have deprived the music of much of its sense, not to mention its beauty. On the other hand, making these reductions helped me liberate myself from my 'canonical' listening habits, and made me perceive new structures and phrases in the suite movements.17
Menuet 1, BWV 100718
The first minuet of the First Suite is already quite straightforward in the way Bach wrote it, and a simple version comes close to a reductio ad absurdum.
Figure 5: Simplified version of Menuet 1 from Suite 1.
Gavotte 1, BWV 1012
The first gavotte from the Sixth Suite also has a clear dance structure, but the omnipresent chords pretty much obstruct the use of a proper dance tempo. The tune is still quite dance-like, and when stripped of its chords it comes through as a piece that would not have been out of place in a French seventeenth-century ballroom. In this version, I have added a simple bass part to compensate for the lacking harmonies.19
Figure 6: Simplified version of Gavotte 1 from Suite 6.
Sarabande BWV 1007
In the Sarabande from the First Suite, the chords also tend to 'get in the way' of the tempo. Bach adds some complex passagework and frequently suggests polyphony by leaping from one voice to another. This makes creating a reduction more challenging, and it certainly opens several possibilities of interpretation. Here, in addition to the bass part, I introduce some graces that make it sound more like a typically French sarabande.
Figure 7: Simplified version of the Sarabande from Suite 1.
Courante, BWV 100
The Courante from the Second Suite is generally classified as an Italian corrente, but the continuous movement of the semiquavers bring associations to a double in the French style (see, e.g., Little and Jenne 1991: 139; Ledbetter 2009: 191). I have imagined a French courante as the missing, hypothetical simple. The goal here was to find a way of applying the more moderate tempo of the French courante in this movement, avoiding the tendency to rush that is often heard in performances of this piece.20
Figure 8: French simple version of the Courante from Suite 2.
Apart from a regular four-bar phrase structure, it is difficult to find standard sarabande characteristics in the Sarabande from the Fifth Suite (Ledbetter 2009: 223; Little and Jenne 1991: 107). Tilman Hoppstock (2009: 114), in his brilliant analysis of the lute version (BWV 995) of this suite, proposes a transcription in Handelian style for guitar, which he calls a 'danced' version. I reproduce it here, in keyboard notation transposed to C minor, as an example of another way of using melodic transformation to help find dance character.
Figure 15: Hoppstock's 'danced sarabande' version of the Sarabande from Suite 5.
Dance character
At this point, I think it is interesting to return to the idea of dance character. What is it that gives dance character to a piece of music? What is it that makes it seem danceable even if we are not moving?
In the course of this project I experienced dance character as tacit knowledge, and the physical movements of the dance are now embedded in my body in a way that makes an 'undance-like' performance difficult for me. There is no easy recipe for obtaining this knowledge other than experiencing the movements and gestures of la belle danse for oneself. I can, however, suggest a method that will give a point of departure for expressing dance character when playing the Bach cello suites. The method is based on the 'analytical' work already presented. It can be used with (preferably) or without the support of Baroque dance practice.
1. Identify the dance type
This can be as simple as reading the title, but in the case of untitled dances, sonata movements, or vocal music, it may involve looking closely for characteristics of a certain dance (time signature, anacrusis, typical rhythms, phrase structure). If there don't seem to be any, they may be hiding underneath ornaments and arpeggios.
2. Make a melodic reduction, or 'skeleton' melody.
Identify and remove written-out ornaments, diminutions, and so forth. This may also help in finding the dance type if it is obscured by a great number of notes. If there really is no dance there, this exercise is still useful for understanding the structure of the music.
3. Play the reduced melody with the proper dance tempo.
See bibliography for sources. Practise.
4. Keep the tempo steady and identify the phrase structure.
Don't be afraid of breathing, or marking periods and cadences: they help the dancer orient him- or herself in the music and form an integral part of the composition. These articulations also help identify the 'exceptional events' – that is, when periods are absent or the phrases irregular.
5. Put all the notes back.
Make sure to retain the 'non-essential' character of the written-out ornaments and keep the arpeggios connected to the essential 'core' notes of the 'skeleton' melody. Practise.
6. See whether you need to slow down or speed up the tempo.
This may not be necessary; but, in any case, it should not change the character that you established when practicing the reduced melody.
Table 3: Historical dance tempos applied to Bach suite movements.
Table 4: Sarabande tempos before and during the project period.
Table 5: Tempos in the dance performance.


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Home Rose McIver Her Carreer iZombie (TV Show)
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Role: Olivia 'Liv' Moore
Genres: Crime, Drama, Horror, Sci-Fi
Network: The CW
Day and Time : Tuesday,9:00-10:00 p.m. ET
Release Date: March 17, 2015 (USA)
Filming Locations: Vancouver, British Columbia — Synopsis (below)
— About Olivia 'Liv' Moore
— Episode Guide
— Images/Screencaptures
Olivia "Liv" Moore was a rosy-cheeked, disciplined, over-achieving medical resident who had her life path completely mapped out…until the night she attended a party that unexpectedly turned into a zombie feeding frenzy. As one of the newly undead, Liv is doing her best to blend in and look as human as possible. Her appearance now passes for "Goth," with shockingly pale skin and nearly white hair, and her demeanor has gone from exuberant to exhausted. The change in Liv is baffling to her mother, her former fiancé, Major, and her best friend and roommate, Peyton, who still has the high-energy, Type-A personality that Liv has completely abandoned.
Despite her post-traumatic ennui, Liv has devised a way to resist her baser urges to devour fresh human brains – she's taken a job in the Seattle coroner's office. In this appropriately dead-end job, Liv can secretly snack on the brains of the many Jane and John Doe corpses that make a final stop in the morgue. Despite carefully covering her tracks, Liv's boss, Dr. Ravi Chakrabarti, discovers her secret and is surprisingly excited about the scientific possibilities. Even with her boss' enthusiasm, Liv remains resigned to an eternity without hope or purpose, until she realizes that with every brain she consumes, she retains a portion of that person's memories. Liv begins to experience visions from the point of view of the murder victims.
Much to the surprise of Dr. Ravi and homicide detective Clive Babineaux, Liv often has detailed knowledge of crime scenes and motives that she can't easily explain. Posing as a psychic, she works with Detective Babineaux to investigate these crimes and discover who is responsible. It's not the same as being alive again, but at least Liv can find purpose in her undead existence by helping Clive solve the murders of those who are indeed fully dead.

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text:
Jared Wade
Risk and Insurance Management Society, Inc. (RIMS)
Risk Management Monitor
Environmental, Energy & Resources
After Oklahoma, the Tragedy and Science of Tornadoes
The storm that destroyed large swaths of Oklahoma was unfathomably destructive. It's vast size was frightening, its energy enormous, its tragedy permanently unforgettable. Even with all the tornadoes to ravage the U.S. landscape in recent years, this one is uniquely disturbing. Theimages of flattened neighborhoods full of shattered-toothpick homes and mangled cars look make believe.
With at least 24 dead and more than 200 injured, the human toll has been massive.
Though difficult, the future of preparing for tornadoes means looking beyond the immediate recovery and tragedy. It means looking for lessons learned and ways to better understand the threat.
Many media outlets are asking the right questions.
Foreign Policy, for example, asked "Why does the U.S. have so many more tornadoes than other countries?" The short answer: It "stems from a mix of climatological, topographical, and geographic factors."
Such factors mean that the United States averages more than 1,000 reported tornadoes per year while the next-most-hit nation, Canada, only suffers from around 100 reported tornadoes per year. The Wall Street Journal's contributing meteorologist, Eric Holthaus, broke down some of the weather-reasons that tornadoes occur.
And here is a graphic, from the May issue of Risk Management, that shows where they occur in the United States. The so-called "Tornado Alley."
While the United States' predisposition to be stuck by tornadoes isn't questioned by climatologists, a key word is "reported." In some ways, our ability to understand tornadoes falls behind other natural disasters (namely hurricanes and earthquakes) due to the fact that we still can't accurately know exactly when or how many tornadoes occur each year. They can be rapidly forming and dissipating funnels of wind, so unless there is someone nearby to witness them or human-made structures to be affected, some go unreported.
Given the progression of development and technology, that is much less so the case in 2013 than it was in 1950. But it is still a factor in our collective ignorance.
For example, the number of reported tornadoes in the United States has risen rapidly over the past 60 years. Some have tried to tie this increase to weather trends or climate change.
But the fact that more are being reported doesn't necessarily mean more are occurring.
I wrote on the topic for the May issue of Risk Management.
Even in the United States — by far the world's most frequent victim of twisters — detailed records only go back to 1950. Since then, there has been an average increase of 14 reported tornadoes per year. But any attempt to tie the rise to the weather would be an exercise in analyzing guesswork. Most experts believe this rise is due to advances in science, technology and observational techniques — not to mention the number of homes and businesses that are hit — rather than any objective trend that proves more tornadoes are occurring.
Really, nobody knows — now or then — how many tornadoes occur each year. "Socio-economic factors provide a better explanation for this trend than meteorological ones," states a report by Lloyd's of London.
Those who lost loved ones during 2011, a record-setting year for twisters, are unlikely to take solace in this fact. But "despite the anomalous 2011 season," says the Lloyd's report, "there is no trend in the number of strong to violent tornadoes between 1950 and 2012."
In addition to the challenge of knowing how many tornadoes occur, there is the difficulty of predicting when and where they will occur.
The Washington Post's Wonkblog, is asking "Why are tornadoes so hard to predict?"
The short answer, from Carbin of the National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center:
"There are so many mild adjustments, slight adjustments that can make a huge difference in whether you end up getting the formation of storms. The sensitivity the atmosphere has to ingredients in the formation of tornados and magnifying that slight change in something we can't even observe can have a dramatic impact on the forecast."
Still, despite the limitations, things are improving.
It may not sound like significant progress, but even minutes saves lives.
Just 16 minutes before a gigantic twister first developed near Oklahoma City on Monday, the National Weather Service put out a tornado warning.
The tornado warning issued for the region south of Oklahoma City on Monday, May 20, at 2:46 p.m. (Via Mike Smith)
That doesn't sound like very much time to get out of the way. For many, it wasn't: At least 24 people died when the tornado ripped a mile-wide path through the city of Moore, Okla.
But those 16 minutes actually represent an enormous advance for weather science. Back in the 1980s, the average tornado lead time was a scant five minutes. Today, it's about 13 minutes.
What's more, meteorologists are now able to issue alerts and storm forecasts even earlier, thanks to powerful computers that allow them to run detailed weather simulations. The Oklahoma City area had been identified as an at-risk area days before the twister actually struck. And the National Weather Service's Rick Smith issued an eerily prescient forecast at 11:30 a.m. Monday, alerting people to the threat of tornadoes that very afternoon.
Just how much more improvement is possible?
Carbin told the Washington Post that "we might be able to get, say, an hour lead-time on a tornado."
That time frame, as a goal, sounds depressing. It's certainly going to make tornadoes forever more difficult to prepare for than, say, hurricanes. But then again, it is a lot better than, say, earthquakes, which generally give zero seconds of notice.
As discussed on Wonk Blog, the world has also gotten better at understanding tornado behavior once a storm forms and is detected. This also adds time for those who might be in a twister's path in a half an hour as opposed to those who reside near its formation.
A journalist from Arkansas I spoke with yesterday also noted another benefit of being able to better predict where a tornado is headed. Historically, throughout many areas of the South and Midwest, tornado sirens and warnings would be issued for very-large areas. Two whole counties perhaps.
This makes sense. Precaution is obviously the best strategy.
But it also has breed complacency. Some locations face many tornado warnings every year, and if multiple "DEFCON Ones" are declared that never present real threats, people naturally start to take safety for granted. The Boy Who Cried Wolf and all.
With better projections on trajectory and more-precise warning systems, however, sirens only have to be sounded for those who are actually at direct risk of the threat. Those who are likely to remain safe for the next two hours may not have to be told to hunker down in their basements. And in time this should lead to a population who comes to have better respect for the warnings of authorities.
Ultimately, this is all still very difficult science.
The truth is that as tragic as this tornado in Oklahoma has been, there will be more. 2011 was a historic year for twisters and the folks in Joplin, Mississippi, certainly share Moore's pain. Even past residents of Moore feel the current residents of Moore's anguish, as another devastating tornado ripped through the same community in 1999.
The hope, however, is that through knowledge, science, preparedness and resiliency, all citizens, municipalities and businesses will be more ready tomorrow than they are today for when the next tornado hits.
Hopefully, the next tragedy can be less tragic.
infographic via @Nightline
Risk Management Magazine and Risk Management Monitor. Copyright 2023 Risk and Insurance Management Society, Inc. All rights reserved.National Law Review, Volume III, Number 146
Australia: Superannuation Trustees Urged to Improve Member Engagement
Jared Wade is the senior editor of Risk Management magazine and the Risk Management Monitor blog.
www.rmmagazine.com


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MLS Supplemental Draft Wrap-Up: Dynamo Select Evan Newton 7th Overall
By Rivers McCown Jan 18, 2011, 1:28pm CST
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The Dynamo used the seventh overall pick in the supplemental draft to snatch goalkeeper Evan Newton, from Old Dominion University. Newton, 23 in April, was Old Dominon's all-time leader in saves and shutouts over his career, despite playing only three years due to injury.
With Pat Onstad's retirement, Newton will probably be in the mix with Tyler Deric to back up current keeper Tally Hall.
The Dynamo used their second rounder, the 25th overall pick, on defender/midfielder Sergio Castillo of Creighton. Castillo, 22, was a part of a strong Bluejay defensive squad that never averaged above a 0.79 GAA while he was part of the team. Castillo should be a solid defensive midfielder prospect for the Dynamo, though with the improvements to the club he might not see the field right away this year.
On the clock for a final time, the Dynamo passed in the third round.
MLS Supplemental Draft: Dynamo Add Newton, Castillo
Dynamo Trade With Portland For 11th Pick, Select Will Bruin


Imagine a new medical advancement that would allow scientists to measure the physical characteristics of diseased cells involved in cancer, Alzheimer's, and autoimmune diseases. Through the use of high-frequency ultrasonic waves, such an advancement will allow scientists to test the normal healthy range of virtually any cell type for density and stiffness, providing new capabilities for analyzing healthy cell development as well as insight into the changes that occur as diseases develop and the cells' characteristics begin to change.
Prior research methods of probing cells with ultrasound have relied upon growing the cells on the bottom of a Petri dish, which distorts not only the cells' shape and structure, butlso interfere with the ultrasonic signals. A new method was therefore needed to probe the cells without disturbing their natural form, and to "clean up" the signals received by the ultrasound device. Research presented at the 2015 ASA meeting in Jacksonville Florida will show that the use of acoustic levitation is effective in providing the ideal conditions for probing the cells.
Acoustic levitation is a phenomenon whereby pressure differences of stationary sound waves can be used to suspend small objects in gases or fluids such as air or water. We are currently exploring a new frontier in acoustic levitation of cellular structures in a fluid medium by perfecting a method by which we can manipulate the shape and frequency of sound waves inside of special containers. By manipulating these sound waves in just the right fashion it is possible to isolate a layer of cells in a fluid such as water, which can then be probed with an ultrasound device. The cells are then in a more natural form and environment, and the interference from the floor of the Petri dish is no longer a hindrance.
This method has proven effective in the laboratory with buoyancy neutral beads that are roughly the same size and shape as human blood cells, and a study is currently underway to test the effectiveness of this method with biological samples. If effective, this will give researchers new experimental methods by which to study cellular processes, thus leading to a better understanding of the development of certain diseases in the human body.


Mexico City isn't a go-to destination for exceptional Italian food for most—unless they've previously tried Elena Reygadas's food. Reygadas received the Veuve Clicquot Prize for Latin America's Best Female Chef, with judges describing meals at her Rosetta a "life-affirming dining experience." The restaurant is located within a colonial-era townhouse, an elegant, warm setting for food that's prepared with obvious attention and care. Reygadas, who is Mexican, brings her own roots to bear on the dishes, but Italian influences are evident, too, above all with the handmade pasta. The menu changes along with the seasons and availability of ingredients, but expect plates like risotto with sea urchin, gnocchi with oxtail, and for dessert, rosemary ice cream.


text:
Board members present: Mark Bollman, Brent Corey, Rebecca Davis, Kathleen EckartLove, CJ Holmes, Don Larsen, David MacFarlane, Earl Van Buskirk, Mat Williams,
Absent: Carrie Byrne, Patty Harbaugh, Gary Johnson
Owners and guests: Dan Harrison, John Sharf
Mark Bollman noted that the agenda would be juggled somewhat to allow for discussion of 2018-19 budget planning in relation to this month's financial report.
Committee Reports and Information
Mark Bollman reported that checks were deposited and bills were paid, including monthly payments for the Canyon Falls Bridge. The Executive Committee has been working on final accounting for the 2017-18 fiscal year and has recommendations for 2018-19 budget and assessments to be considered on today's agenda; the Board will need to make final decisions at the March 10 meeting. Volunteers are still needed to enter 14-digit parcel numbers and look up 2018 assessed values on the county's web site.
Earl Van Buskirk shared the financial report. He noted that A-Section paid $4661 to Guy Bennet for road work and equipment maintenance. The number is large because it represents 7 months of work. Van Buskirk said that some of the money spent on E-Section road work included purchase of gravel.
Mat Williams asked about a $1236 A-Section check to Anderson Hunter. Van Buskirk said it was for costs associated with the Roberts Foreclosure.
Van Buskirk asked to delay the rest of the discussion of financials until the discussion of budget planning for 2018-19.
Mark Bollman reported that Taylor Starr has offered to give Lot E-215 to MIRCC in lieu of foreclosure. Collections Committee will bring a motion to accept this offer on today's agenda. In addition, Tammy Baumgartner has not responded to last collection demand from Anderson Hunter Law Firm so next step would be to file suit and foreclose on the lien.
Legal/Ethics/Bylaws
There was nothing new to report.
E-Section Roads
Dave MacFarlane reported that he and Mark Bollman had been busy filling potholes with Bollman's trailer.
Access Road to Highway 2
Earl Van Buskirk said that the Access Road is fine, and that we have a good working relationship with our Canyon Falls neighbors.
A-Section and USFS 6020 Roads
Mat Williams reported that A-section ditching continues. When the weather improves, additional work will be done on A-Section roads.
Priority Business
January Meeting Minutes
Rebecca Davis provided the minutes and distributed them for review and feedback.
Davis: "Move to approve the January meeting minutes."
Approved: Yes – 7; Abstained – 1 (EckartLove was absent from the January meeting).
January Expenditures
Earl Van Buskirk: "Move to approve the Check Detail report for January expenditures."
Approved: Unanimous
Invoices detail
Charges and Invoices to be paid:
A-Section Checks:
$60.90 – Swizznet (office supplies)
$27.28 – Bank of America (bank/merchant fees)
$952.00 – All County Evictions (Roberts foreclosure)
$33.62 – Verizon Wireless (office supplies)
$1,235.88 – Anderson Hunter (Roberts foreclosure)
$46.33 – PUD (utilities/street lights)
$29.99 – Frontier Communications (office supplies)
$100.00 – US Postal Service (postage/delivery)
$123.00 – SLK Accounting Services (accounting services)
$4,661.47 – Guy Bennett (equipment maintenance/road work)
E-Section Checks:
$1049.70 – Calportland Cement (road work)
$811.04 – DF Supply, Inc. (Green Gate)
$7.83 – PUD (utilities/street lights)
$99.69 – Premier Wireless (office supplies)
$1,323.55 – Anderson Hunter (Peterson/Baumgartner)
$260.55 – Gatehouse (Green Gate)
$960.00 – Triton Services (road work)
$3,388.77 – Owners' bridge loan payments
$4,736.17 – Acrow Corporation (bridge loan)
Parcel No. 00526100521500
Mark Bollman said that Taylor Starr purchased this parcel at a tax auction, but no longer wants to keep it. The parcel is worth about $3,000. If MIRCC accepts ownership we will need to pay $196 in property taxes, plus a filing fee and excise tax.
Motion proposed by Mark Bollman: "Move to accept gift of Parcel No. 00526100521500 from Taylor Starr and approve funds to pay taxes and filing fee to record the deed in lieu of foreclosure."
Budget Planning for 2018-19
Earl Van Buskirk reviewed the following highlights from the January financials:
To date, A-Section has collected 82.8% of the current year's assessments; 80% was the goal. The good collection rate is partly due to a special assessment, and partly due to old collections coming in.
To date, E-Section's collection rate is at 93.2%. Similar to last month, much of the collections success is due to sale of property when MIRCC gets delinquent road dues as part of the sale proceeds.
A-Section collected $1,888 in January and spent $6,612, for a net loss of $4,724. The large outlay included the above-referenced Bennett invoice that covered seven months.
E-Section collected $3,059 in January and spent $5,026, for a net loss of $1,968. Expenses were mostly for roads.
Van Buskirk reminded people to view the January net losses in context of the fiscal year. Between May and January, A-Section had a net income of $22,752. E-Section had a net income of $145,692.
Right now, just $36,821 is owed on the bridge, with another ~$16,000 due before the end of the fiscal year. By the start of fiscal year 2018-19, E-Section will only owe ~$20,000 for the bridge. There are just five remaining bridge payments; four remaining payments for owner loans. By August or earlier, all bridge debt will be cleared.
A-Section collected $2,552.58 in January, with $83,316 in arrears. E-Section collected $3238 in January, with $175,573 in arrears. All lots transferred to MIRCC have been removed from the aging summaries.
To aid in 2018 budget planning, Van Buskirk distributed handouts comparing collections to expenditures in all budget areas from May 2015 to the present. He drew attention to key points:
With regard to A-Section, Van Buskirk noted that equipment maintenance, administration, and roads are the main budget items. While A-Section collected more than was spent for roads during the period, equipment maintenance and administration expenditures exceeded collections. These facts should be taken into account in 2018 planning.
With regard to E-Section, Van Buskirk noted that $287,285 was collected for the bridge. This was 85% of the amount budgeted, while the board only projected an 80% rate of collection. For 2018, E-Section will have to decide whether to plan for an 85% rate of collection or stay with 80%. More was collected for E-Section administration than has so far been spent, but Van Buskirk pointed out that we still have two months to go in this year's budget. With regard to roads, E-Section spent slightly more than collected for the period in question. Van Buskirk reminded the board that E-Section had $100,287 in the bank as of Jan. 31 of this year. That, together with the successful collection of past-due road dues, may mean that E-Section assessments for 2018 are substantially less than last year.
Van Buskirk said that A-Section and E-Section budget committees should consider the numbers for the past two years and come back with proposed numbers for the 2018 budget; the board will need to vote on the budget at the March meeting.
Bollman said that per the new meeting calendar approved in January, the next Board meeting will be March 10th, 2018.
Respectfully submitted by Rebecca Davis
MIRCC Secretary


Southcoast Hospitals Group links together three nonprofit community hospitals in southeastern Massachusetts — Charlton Memorial Hospital in Fall River, St. Luke's Hospital in New Bedford and Tobey Hospital in Wareham. The hospitals have been united since 1996 as part of Southcoast Health, one of the largest and fastest growing health systems in Massachusetts. Southcoast Health now also includes Southcoast Behavioral Health in Dartmouth.
While each hospital retains its own identity, all share one mission: To care for and improve the health, and to promote the wellness, of the individuals and communities we serve.
Patients receive comprehensive health care that takes full advantage of Southcoast's extensive network of resources. Individualized care is administered by some of the best-trained physicians, nurses and health care professionals in New England. Our integrated, regional system enables us to provide the best possible health care, whenever it is needed. Locate your nearest hospital today.


text:
Q: Lyx not hyphenating properly, text running off page I have similar problem in LyX as already been asked by another user for LaTeX. As you can see in the attached file that the text is running off the page. I already have tried following help but it didn't work in my case:
https://wiki.lyx.org/FAQ/TextAppearance#avoidHyphenationWords
Does anyone knows how to solve this problem in LyX?
Thanks in advance!

A: In some cases LaTeX does not know how to hyphenate a word, and then it can be helped along by explicitly marking up hyphenation points. In LaTeX code this is done by \-, e.g. (3-glycid\-oxy\-propyl)\-tri\meth\-oxy....
In LyX you do this with Insert --> Formatting --> Hyphenation point (keyboard shortcut Ctrl + -).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Calculating point 2P on an elliptic curve The equation for the curve is $$y^2=x^3+ax+b$$ and the point in question is $P(x,y)$. We have to verify that the $x$ coordinate of $2P$ is $(x^4-2ax^2-8bx+a^2)/4y^2$. However, the value I get is $(9x^4+6ax^2-8xy^2+a^2)/4y^2$. I derived the algebraic formula for $2P$ ($x(2P)=m^2-2x)$ and used it to calculate the answer.How do I arrive at the actual answer?

A: We have:
$$\tag 1 y^2 = x^3 + ax + b$$
To add a point, we have:

*

*$\lambda = \dfrac{3x_1^2 + a}{2 y_1} = \dfrac{3x^2 + a}{2y}$

*$v = y_1 - \lambda x_1 = y-\dfrac{3x^2 + a}{2y}x$

*$x_3 = \lambda^2-x-x = \left(\dfrac{3x^2 + a}{2y}\right)^2-2x = \dfrac{9x^4+6ax^2-8xy^2+a^2}{4y^2}$

*$y_3 = -(\lambda x + v)$ (Calculate this out)

Next, we can substitute $(1)$ into the numerator of $x_3$, yielding:
$$\dfrac{9x^4+6ax^2-8xy^2+a^2}{4y^2} = \dfrac{9x^4+6ax^2-8x(x^3+ax+b)+a^2}{4y^2} = \dfrac{x^4-2ax^2-8bx+a^2}{4y^2}$$
Of course, you could have also done the same substitution in the denominator, but they chose not to.


text:
Alabama man sentenced to 615 years for sex crimes
The man apologized to the families in court.
Credit: WTVY
Published: 11:49 AM EDT July 11, 2019
Updated: 11:49 AM EDT July 11, 2019
DOTHAN, Ala. — An Alabama man who admitted to raping, sodomizing and sexually abusing young children has been sentenced to 615 years in prison for those crimes.
Dothan CBS affiliate WTVY reported Raven Smith, 35, apologized to the families of five girls younger than the age of 16 that he molested over a period of several years.
One child's mom said she believed there were more victims who were too scared to come forward.
"I don't want them to be afraid anymore," she told WTVY. "I want them to know he's in jail and can't ever hurt them or anyone else," she said.
It is unlikely Smith will ever be paroled.


BROWSE 25 Inc. was founded in 1999 by Ting Yu in Yiwu, China, specializing in promotional product manufacturing and product sourcing. In 2010, we opened our BROWSE 25 USA Office in Scottsdale, Arizona, allowing us to better serve our US customers.
From 1981 through 2009, Nancy Gosewisch, our US representative, owned and operated a custom apparel and promotional product business. As a former Distributor, she understands the importance of a friendly and honest relationship between distributor and supplier. Our goal at BROWSE 25 is to provide our customers with quality products, on-time delivery at a competitive price in a manner that makes them want to keep returning!
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. We look forward to an opportunity to win your business.


This is a placeholder page for Jon Bruno, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Jon Bruno.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Jon Bruno. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Jon Bruno. We created this page automatically in hopes Jon Bruno would find it. If you are not Jon Bruno, but are an alumni of North Penn High School, register on this site for free now.


text:
Q: Connection refused, port 2222, mac to ubuntu (remote) I can't login from my mac to my ubuntu machine. I tried many things, but nothing works. I am using ubuntu 20.04
Here is what I tried:

*

*installed openssh-client openssh-server

*changed port from 22 to 2222

*started server -> lissening to port 2222

*added port 22 and 2222 to ufw

*installed and reinstalled openssh-client openssh-server

I can log in from my ubuntu to my ubuntu via
ssh localhost -p2222
I can not login from my ubuntu to my ubuntu via
ssh name@publicip -p 2222
I can not login from my mac to my ubuntu via
ssh name@publicip -p 2222
What am I missing?

A: @raj pointed me in the right direction. My router doesn't have an ipv4 address, just ipv6. Therefor port forwarding is not possible. In the end I had to use the ipv6 address.


text:
Q: How to validate fields from a dataservice in DSS? I'm making a data service but in a int field I need to validate that is not greater than 10 and less than 0.

A: When you are creating the field you can add the type of validation you decide, selecting the option to add validation, you need to select the option "Long Range Validation" and define minimum and maximum value that you want.
An example query where I use this validation, by default the minimum value is 0 so it is omitted.
   <query id="1" useConfig="DS_FARMACY">
        <sql>call getEmployeeById(?)</sql>
        <result element="Employees" rowName="Employe">
            <element column="id" name="Id" xsdType="integer"/>
            <element column="Desc" name="Description" xsdType="string"/>
        </result>
        <param name="Id" paramType="SCALAR" sqlType="INTEGER" type="IN">
            <validateLongRange maximum="10"/>
        </param>
    </query>

Review the WSO2 documentation where each option is specified to validate fields
http://wso2.com/project/data-services/2.6.3/docs/validation.html

A: Validators are added to individual input mappings in a query. Input validation allows data services to validate the input parameters in a request and stop the execution of the request if the input doesn't meet required criteria. WSO2 Data Service Server provides a set of built-in validators for some of the most common use cases. It also provides an extension mechanism to write custom validators.
In this case you need select Long Range Validator to validate if an integer value is in the specified range. The validator requires a minimum and a maximum value to set the range. For example:


And yet, it feels like nothing you do is working. How can the Law of Attraction be real if I'm feeling my way to better thoughts and still broke? How can I be so left behind? How is it possible for all of my "friends" to be so blind to things and not see that this stuff actually works?
Heather Fein is a mom, wife, soap maker, magic ritual guide, and facilitator of meaningful healing!
But I'd like to think I'm so much more than a mouthful of descriptions, in fact, most would argue I'm a great referee, mediator, fixer, and trusted friend!
Magic and Spirituality has always played a big part in my life, even as a young girl; apothecary, resins, crystals, and herbs were as natural to me as brushing my teeth! I didn't take a weekend workshop to develop these skills, they've naturally existed within me since I got here! Authentically rooted I straddle the invisible line between science and magic – from soap making to client healing rituals, I'm as real as they get!


Whenever traditional credit markets go through tight circumstances, most businesses and individuals look for alternate lenders to acquire financing. Ever since the 2007 to 2008 credit crisis, more options have appeared, giving individuals and business owners new access to financing sources.
Industry leading company, Corporate and Medical Finance Ltd, suggests that you learn about the popular financing alternatives and their benefits and drawbacks.
Most people who want to start a business usually rely on credit cards for their finances. This option gives them the advantage of early and easy access to money if their credit history is clean.
Credit cards, however, only allow people to borrow based on their validated ability to repay the loan. The rates can be high and if the borrowers make late payments of fail to pay any outstanding bills, they will have to deal with penalties.
These are asset-backed loans that ask business owners to hand over some of equity that their company will receive in the future. This happens when the lender requests to exchange the debt to an equity position in the business.
If the lender does not want ownership and is just after the repayment, this is a less risky feat for business owners compared to getting a straight equity investment. Other risks and disadvantages for the borrower include the possible loss of equity if the business does well in the future. The lenders will also require the owner to settle unconverted debt if the business does perform below the budget.
It is important to make informed decisions when it comes to your company's finances. Compare all the financing options available to get the funding that you need. Consider all the benefits, risks, and disadvantages before you make a decision.


I'm going to explain about my program, Notepad.java, a swing based program. It just look like windows operating system's notepad.
We can implement all the typical text editor functionality with Java. My program could give you a good start.
I've tested this program on Java 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.5 versions of Sun Microsystem's Java.
If you've sometime, why don't you checkout other Java programs I've developed.


The VoopooTech Drag 2 SubOhm Kit is an upgraded version of the original Drag kit. This kit combines Drag 2 box mod with Uforce T2 tank. The Drag 2 mod has a spectacular finish with multiple new resin plates.
The mod is equipped with a crystal OLED display to show the parameters of the device such as mode, resistance, voltage and wattage. Powered by Innovative GENE.FIT chip, the VOOPOO Drag 2 Starter Kit supports different outputs from different resistances of atomiser. With exotic appearance and exquisite structure, UFORCE T2 is equipped with N3, the new triple mesh coils, for an even heating and strong acceleration power.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>org.apache.solr.response Class Hierarchy (Solr 6.0.0 API)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2016-04-01">
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Hierarchy For Package org.apache.solr.response

Package Hierarchies:

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Class Hierarchy

java.lang.Object

org.apache.solr.response.BinaryResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.BinaryQueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.SmileResponseWriter

org.apache.solr.response.BinaryResponseWriter.Resolver (implements org.apache.solr.common.util.JavaBinCodec.ObjectResolver, org.apache.solr.common.util.JavaBinCodec.WritableDocFields)

org.apache.solr.response.CSVResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.DocsStreamer (implements java.util.Iterator<E>)

org.apache.solr.response.JSONResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.PHPResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.PHPSerializedResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.PythonResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriterUtil

org.apache.solr.response.RawResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.BinaryQueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.ResultContext

org.apache.solr.response.BasicResultContext

org.apache.solr.response.RubyResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.SchemaXmlResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.SolrQueryResponse

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.DoubleAsc

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.DoubleDesc

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.FieldWriter

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.FloatAsc

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.FloatDesc

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.PriorityQueue<T>

org.apache.solr.response.TextResponseWriter

org.apache.solr.response.SchemaXmlWriter

org.apache.solr.response.SmileResponseWriter.SmileWriter

org.apache.solr.response.XMLWriter

java.lang.Throwable (implements java.io.Serializable)

java.lang.Exception

java.io.IOException

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.IgnoreException

org.apache.solr.response.WriteableValue (implements org.apache.solr.common.util.JavaBinCodec.ObjectResolver)

org.apache.solr.response.XMLResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

org.apache.solr.response.XSLTResponseWriter (implements org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter)

Interface Hierarchy

java.lang.Comparable<T>

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.SortValue

org.apache.solr.util.plugin.NamedListInitializedPlugin

org.apache.solr.response.QueryResponseWriter

org.apache.solr.response.BinaryQueryResponseWriter

org.apache.solr.response.SortingResponseWriter.IntComp

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          Copyright © 2000-2016 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved.

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The University of Dayton Research Institute has been awarded a $21.6 million, indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity Air Force contract for research and development in aerospace engine combustion technologies and components.
Goals of the program include improving engine performance and fuel efficiency, reducing pollutant emissions, increasing engine reliability and lowering maintenance costs.
Working in Air Force Research Laboratory propulsion directorate labs at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, researchers in the Research Institute's energy and environmental engineering division will perform basic, applied and advanced research, including modeling and simulation, analysis and experiments, in order to better understand aerothermal and combustion processes in gas-turbine, pulsed-detonation and piston engines.
In addition, the program is expected to expand the science and technology base for new and emerging combustion processes in advanced propulsion systems. The award included an initial work order for basic research in combustion. Researchers will design, fabricate, assemble, instrument and develop tests and apparatus to perform experiments in research areas including flame chemistry, turbulence-chemistry interaction, emissions formation, alternative fuel combustion and more. The first work order has a $7 million ceiling, of which $40,000 was obligated at the time of the award.
Steve Zabarnick, head of the energy and environmental engineering division, said developing a better understanding of combustion processes will enable the development of higher performing, less polluting engines.


You'll get this rate as long as we receive your 50 EUR within the next 48 hours.
If you need more than 48 hours to pay, click the lock to make sure your recipient gets exactly 42.50 GBP.
Banks set their own exchange rate to make money off you. TransferWise gives you the real exchange rate, also known as the mid-market rate. The exchange rate is guaranteed as long as TransferWise receives your money within 48 hours.


Best of the best selling birthday gifts for husband.
Make your gift truly unique and special by personalising it with his name or a message.
Thoughtful gift sets to make your gift for husband grander.
On a budget ? We get it.
Can't miss gifts - that wont break the bank.
Exceptional gifts for the exceptional husbands. Price no bar!
Stunning gifts. Straight from the heart♥.
Thoughtful curated collection, so that you gift is as good as your intentions.
What is the best birthday gift for husband?
We at Urby get asked a lot of times for an answer to the question, "What is the best birthday gift for husband ?". Even though the question looks really simple, it doesn't have a straightforward answer. Your husband does so much for you and your family that he truly deserves a unique birthday gift for husband on his birthday. So over all there is no one best gift for husband that you can pick, but the research can surely start with doing some research on if there is anything that is on his wish list, something that if picked can be termed as a surprise gift for husband on his birthday.
How can you choose a unique birthday gift for husband ?
Of-course when you are looking to buy a birthday gift for your husband this year, you want to make it as unique as you possibly can. One way to make sure that it is unique is getting the birthday gift for husband personalized. When personalized with his name, initial, special message or something that is special to you, him or your family, the gift will be one of a kind and a truly unique birthday gift for your husband. At Urby, we have a a lot of products that can be personalized to give a very special touch to your thoughtful gift and to make it truly unique in no time at all.
The selection of a birthday gift for husband becomes extremely difficult when you are looking to buy a gift for husband that has everything and on top of it has a great taste. A task of picking something for a husband with a big nose or someone who actually has everything, can become easy if you choose a classy accessory like a watch case, cuff link case, a very thoughtful minimalist & modern wallet, that is personalized specially for him. A gift that is personalised shows how much you care when you were selecting the gift and your thoughts get clearly reflected in the choice of a perfect personalised gift for husband. Even though he could already have everything, it is impossible that he has, what you specially personalised your selection with.
Should I pick a romantic birthday gift for husband ?
Well, you definitely can, but you surely want to make sure that the gift that you choose is something that your husband will use. Rather than picking that no brainer, easily available product like a cushion, pillow, cake, flower or something that he definitely wont be carrying with him everytime and may be the gift will gather dust sitting somewhere inside the closet.
Rather than doing that, you can always pick up a gift with a beautiful romantic message and also personalise your gift with a romantic message for your husband. For example, you can pick a wallet as a romantic gift for your husband and get a message inside the wallet, such that whenever he opens the wallet, it reminds him of you and the beautiful thought you had put while you were choosing that gift. It will surely mean a lot to him.


Explore Walden's landscape via a series of ~2-mile, moderate sunset saunters with a park interpreter. Open to walkers of all ages. Wear walking shoes; bring repellant and water. Meet at the Thoreau house replica.
This entry was posted on September 2, 2014 at 2:33 pm and is filed under News.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
Promotions Partner with UsSavedMy Booking
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Book together and save up to 16%!
Package > Singapore
Singapore Tour Package
Budget vacation? Now you can book airline tickets and hotel rooms at the same time to get cheaper prices. By ordering both in one packages, plan your vacation instantly at one time. You can choose and modify a variety of tour packages that we offer to get the combination that suits you best.
Singapore is a highly developed island nation and is recognized as one of the largest economic powers in Southeast Asia. With its relatively small size, Singapore has successfully developed their country and city in a neat and organized manner. Not surprisingly, this country is a tourist attraction from around the world.
According to historical records from the third century, Singapore is known as "Pu-luo-chung", or "island at the end of the peninsula" at that particular time. Then, the city is known as Temasek which means "city in the sea", when the first settlement was set up in the 1300s. In the 14th century, Sang Nila Utama, a prince of Palembang was on the hunt and seen an animal that he had not seen yet. Considering it as a good sign, he established a city where the animal had been seen and named it Singapore, from the Sanskrit "simha" (lion) and "pura" (city) word meaning City of Lion. Initially, Singapore was the capital of the Malay Federation or known as Malaysia at this point but has outward themselves in 1965.
Singapore today consists of 15 districts that have their own attractions and are worth the visit. Singapore has many interesting places to visit, including Orchard Road, Sentosa Island, Marina Bay and more. The currency used is the Singapore dollar symbolized by S$ or its ISO abbreviation, SGD. The country also has various peoples who live peacefully and tolerate each other. If you want to visit Singapore, you do not have to worry about the language because the people are using English as the first language of speech as well as Malay and Mandarin as an alternative language. Signs and notices around the city are also written in English, making it easier for tourists to understand it.
In terms of climate and environments, just like many others in Southeast Asia, Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with no seasons shift, equivalent temperature, high humidity and heavy rainfall. The temperature is between 25 and 34 ° C. May and June are the hottest months and November and December are usually the monsoon season.
How to Reach Singapore?
There are many exciting destinations for you to visit in Singapore. Merlion Park and Sentosa Island are two of the iconic destinations you must visit in Singapore. Your travel will be incomplete if you are not visiting these two popular places in Singapore. Hence, we suggest you to use public transport to move from one destination to another destination around the city. For all information, Singapore's public transport is recognized as the best in the world and is very efficient.
The first public transit is to use the MRT (mass rapid transit) service which is the fastest way to move around the city. The extensive route network allows you to visit any of Singapore's main attractions easily and is close to the MRT station. You can buy tickets at the station whenever you want to move, or if you use a lot of MRT while on vacation, you can buy Singapore Visitor Pass which allows you to use this unlimited facility at SGD 10 per day, SGD 16 for two days and SGD 20 for 3 days. This card can be purchased at the TransitLink Ticket Office at the following MRT stations: Orchard, City Hall, Raffles Place, Bayfront, Tanjong Pagar, Harbourfront, Chinatown, Farrer Park, Changi Airport, Bugis, Lavender, Jurong East, Kranji, Woodlands and Ang Mo Kio. Interestingly, MRT and Singapore MRT stations are equipped with special facilities for wheelchairs and blind people.
The second mode of transportation is by taxi service. The taxi service is more convenient and convenient if you want to visit the area a little further from the MRT station and not on the bus route. In Singapore, all taxis use meters, but there may be additional charges. You can arrange a taxi around the city of Singapore or queue at the taxi stand available at shopping malls, hotels and many places of interest. If you want to call to book a taxi, you can call the 6-DIAL CAB line (6342-5222) and your line will be connected to the taxi service company.
Finally, you can also travel and sightseeing using the bus service. For your knowledge, bus routes in Singapore are vast and cover almost the entire streets of the city. The bus service is the most cost-effective way to transport and you also have the opportunity to see the atmosphere around the city from the bus. All buses in Singapore are equipped with air-conditioning facilities to ensure passengers feel the comfort during their journey. To use the bus, you can wait at a station or bus stop that has been set. You can pay for this bus service using the Singapore Tourist Pass or use the EZ-Link card by touching the card in the card reader located next to the driver while you board the bus. But, do not forget to touch it again before you get out of the bus. In addition, you can also pay in cash.
Things to do in Singapore?
Singapore is indeed a fully equipped city and provides many tourist attractions. No matter if you come with family for vacation or even travel alone at work, there are various offers available to you. Here are the places you can visit around Singapore.
If you intend to take a stroll in Singapore, it is not complete if you do not see the Merlion monument itself located at Merlion Park. Merlion is Singapore's iconic lion-shaped creature and has a body like a fish. This monument stands magnificently on the shores of Merlion Park with the height of about 8.6 meters and weight of 70 tons. According to popular belief, the fish-shaped body portrays Singapore as a fisherman's village a long time ago and is known as the name Temasik which means 'sea town' in the Javanese language. Lion-shaped heads illustrate the name of Singapore which means 'lion city'. This monument was built by Lim Nang Seng and was publicly displayed on 15 September 1972 by the Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew to welcome tourists from all over the world to this country. In the park also, there is a smaller Merlion monument known as 'Merlion Cub' as high as 2 meters and weighs 3 tons. This place is a must-visit destination if you want to have memorable memories with this iconic monument.
Mint Museum of Toys
If you are a fan of toy statues or action figures, you definitely do not want to miss the opportunity to visit this toy museum. With more than 50 000 vintage games available here, this museum has been recognized as the largest gaming museum in Southeast Asia. There are many interesting collections and collections of rare toys that you can see here. The price for entrance to this museum is SGD 15 for adults and SGD 7.50 for children and senior citizens.
Having a population mostly made up of Chinese, chicken rice has become a quite popular food here. Chicken rice consists of cooked rice with chicken stock, chili sauce, soy sauce and ginger served with steamed or grilled chicken. For those of you who are familiar with the dishes, you definitely want the original and best taste. Visit the Maxwell Food Court located in Chinatown to enjoy chicken rice served at Tian Tian Chicken Rice.
Laksa Katong
Unlike other laksa elsewhere, this tiny laksa has its own speciality. This laksa is said to be a combination of Peranakan laksa and comes from Katong area. This laksa is served with curry sauce and spicy sambal to add the flavor. To try this laksa, you can find it at any Killiney Kopitiam branch located around Singapore. It is best to enjoy the dish with your family and friends!
Uncle Ice Cream
Ice cream is very well known in Singapore and so called 'uncle' because it is sold by an old uncle. It can be found around the street or the halls here at around SGD 1.20. Ice cream is served with bread or wafer.
Weekend Getaways from Singapore
Kampong Glam
Kampong Glam may be rarely heard among tourists as compared to other popular places in Singapore. However, if you have the opportunity to visit here, you will not regret it. This area is rich in Islamic history, Malay civilization and modern lifestyle. The main landmark of Kampong Glam is the Sultan Mosque and its surroundings; there are numerous roads and alleys filled with various information that can be read through the notice boards provided. The mosque was formerly the palace of Sultan Hussain Mohammed Shah and now it has been upgraded to Singapore's Malay Cultural Centre. Here, you have the opportunity to know more about the history and development of the Malays in the country. In addition, you have the opportunity to visit Haji Lane, an exclusive area of sale in the area. You can purchase a variety of items from modern boutiques available here. In addition, if you are a food enthusiast, do not forget to visit many exciting restaurants and cafes around Kampong Glam.
Jurong Bird Park
For animal lovers especially birds, you definitely want to visit this bird park. Being a habitat for more than 600 bird species from around the world, this bird park is divided into several sections specially designed to meet the needs and habitats of birds found here. Ticket price for an adult is SGD $ 25, while for children, the price is around SGD 16. Due to its serene ambient, this place is also suitable for those on a honeymoon.
Flight and Ticket Packages to Singapore
With the flight and hotel ticket package available at Traveloka Malaysia, you can visit Singapore more easily and cheaper. Choose a variety of tour packages that we offer, and modify as you like to get the combination you want.
Arrange your own Singapore travel plan ideas
Day 1 Tour Ideas
1. The first day is spent at Universal Studio Singapore. You have the opportunity to enjoy a variety of attractions such as S.E.A. Aquarium, Adventure Cove Waterpark, The Maritime Experiential Museum and Dolphin Island.
2. For a selection of meals, you do not need to worry as there are many restaurants here that serve a variety of dishes including local cuisine, western cuisine, and Italian cuisine. There are also plenty of halal food options available here.
3. If you plan to spend the night here, you are advised to book a room via online. This is because you have the opportunity to get a cheaper room rate.
1. Start your day with a toasted bread breakfast at Killiney Kopitiam. Besides bread, you also have the opportunity to taste the original coffee there.
2. Visit Madame Tussauds Singapore located at 40 Jalan Imbiah. Here, you have the opportunity to photograph with many famous candles from around the world like Madonna, Michael Jackson, Taylor Swift, Angelina Jolie, Leonardo DiCaprio and many more!
3. Next, visit Little India located at Bukit Timah Road to enjoy the unlimited shopping experience. With reasonable prices, there are various types of items that can be found here.
4. If you are hungry, you can enjoy the nasi beriani or tandoori chicken in the restaurants around this place.
1. Visit the Gardens by the Bay to enjoy the beauty of flora and fauna in the building! Divided into parts, you will surely be fascinated by every attraction that is here.
2. Next, visit the Singapore Science Centre to learn more about the various phenomena that occur in everyday life. Entrance fees are approximately SGD 12 for adults and SGD 8 for children.
3. Enjoy delicious nasi lemak at Bay Loon Power Nasi Lemak Restaurant.
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P2002A170001	The view towards Ness Point from Robin Hood's Bay. P2002A170016	A view over the cliffs near Bent Rigg.
Description This was a very nice coastal walk along cliffs, following the Cleveland Way.
Condition Yet again I feel absolutely fine after this walk, and have no physical problems. I am fairly fatigued, but nothing out of the ordinary for a walk of this length over this sort of terrain.
Weather As soon as I got down to Robin Hood's Bay this morning the heaven's opened, and I got a good soaking in abut ten minutes. Fortunately after this the rain stopped and I slowly dried out. After this there were a few sunny periods, although most of the say was overcast, before another short (and lighter) shower occurred about half an hour from the end of the walk. The wind was thankfully less fierce than it had been yesterday, when it had been a big problem.
P2002A170025	A view north over Hayburn Wyke. P2002A170037	The River Derwent below Scalby Ness.
P2002A170048	Boats in Scarborough Harbour. P2002A170060	Cayton Bay.
As soon as I got down to the bottom of the hill in Robin Hood's Bay this morning I realised that I had forgotten my walking poles. It was pointless phoning Sam up to drop them off as I figured that I could manage without them, which I did. The terrain did not make it easy, however, as the mud on the first section was not thick but fairly slippy, and slipping on cliff-edge paths is not a wise thing to do. The lack of poles also made descents slower than they would otherwise have been, particularly on the slippery stone steps of some of the descents that I had to tackle today.
Robin Hood's Bay is a beautiful little village, with steep, narrow cobbled streets and houses that seem to loom over me as I walked down the hill. The foreshore in front of Robin Hood's Bay is exceedingly distinctive, with a large wave-cut platform and ridges of harder rock, locally called Scars, jutting out towards the sea. It makes for quite a nice and unusual effect, and apparently the area is a Mecca for geologists - not only is there the platform, the area is also famed for fossils. Glacial erratic boulders are also to be found on the platform, and a large fault line is also visible. The whole effect is quite wonderful, although I can imagine that people who finish the Coast-to-Coast walk here are less bothered about the scenery than getting their boots wet in the North Sea.
The tide was out once I got down to the village, and so instead of following the clifftop path southwards I walked along the beach as far as Boggle Hole, where the beach ends and the rocky scars take over. The Trail descends into Mill Beck at this point, so it was easy to climb up to the footbridge over the Beck and rejoin the trail. There then followed a nice clifftop walk, descending down after a short distance to cross Stoupe Beck by a footbridge before climbing up to the heights once more. The path eventually reaches Ravenscar, a small village that was meant to be much larger and to rival Scarborough, but the development failed and all that is left of the scheme are a few houses and a hotel. I must admit that the stretch to Ravenscar was not my favourite walk, and I felt slightly down, although I have no idea why this may have been.
After Ravenscar, however, the trail become exquisite as it sticks to the high cliffs southeastwards. The views either way along the cliffs were superb, and I felt spiritually as if I was in heaven - a great, soaring feeling. The trail felt as if it was in a very wild and remote place, despite the fact that there was a cycle path and a road less than a mile inland. My spirits soared as I walked past the scrub woodland at the top of Beast Cliff, before eventually descending down through a wooded glade to the stream at the bottom of Hayburn Wyke. The area around the Wyke was quite magical, and I wish that I had stayed longer to explore it, as apparently there is a waterfall a short distance away. The walk called me onwards, however, so I climbed up through the woodland on the southern side of the Wyke to gain access to the clifftop path.
The trail leads on along cliffs that are lower than those on the northern side of Hayburn Wyke, and consequently seem less remote and wild. I soon found myself skirting around Cloughton Wyke to Hundale Point, from where the path heads south towards Scarborough. Ina couple of places the path had been eroded away slightly, meaning that I had to make small diversions inland to walk around the slips. Eventually I reached the headland at Scalby Ness, which was a lovely place, with some great views south towards Scarborough and north back along the cliffs. I soon found myself crossing the River Derwent below Scalby Ness and passing Scarborough sea life centre, to reach the North Bay at Scarborough.
I have never been to Scarborough before, and the walk south along the promenade towards the castle was nice enough, with some attractive buildings beside the promenade. It had been my intention to walk along the Marine Drive around the headland below the castle, but I was dismayed to find that this was shut due to over-running sea defence works. When I finally reached the headland I had no choice but to cut across it, climbing up the hill past the castle (which still has a very impressive curtain wall around it) and then dropping down on the other side to reach the harbour in South Bay. The harbour area of Scarborough was quite nice, but I had not moved far from it before I got a full-frontal assault on all that is bad about British seaside resorts - end to end amusement arcades, all virtually empty, garish signs and small, pokey gift sops. The South Bay area was radically different to the North Bay, and I was shocked by quite how bad Scarborough was. I walked dazed past the Grand Hotel, where I found some semblance of civility. Indeed, once I had passed the spa I actually found some nice formal gardens, complete with palm trees, and I actually found myself enjoying the walk once more.
The last stretch of the path took me southwards on low cliffs, which on some places gave good views northwards back to Scarborough. The walk along the edge of the cliffs was not as nice as those early in the days, but after South Bay in Scarborough anything is an improvement, and I enjoyed the stroll immensely. I soon reached White Nab and from there the walk became more interesting, skirting some woodland before entering it near Osgodby point. This marks the northern end of the beach beside Cayton Bay, but instead of descending to the beach the trail winds up and down the hillside. I had arranged to meet Sam at the A165 road in Cayton, so when I met a track that headed uphill I took it, passing a field filled with Highland Cows before reaching the road, where Sam was waiting for me.
As of today I have now walked over 1,000 miles this year (actually the figure is 1,013 miles as of the end of today's walk). This is a great feeling, particularly as I only just missed this milestone in 2000 after meeting Sam and having my priorities subtly changed. It may be possible to increase this figure to over 2,000 miles this year if I continue to walk at the present rate, but the oncoming winter and the shorter days may put paid to this ambition.
This walk follows the Cleveland Way, a National Trail. The directions for this stretch of the walk can be found in the Ordnance Survey National Trail Guide 3, Cleveland Way (ISBN 1-85410-606-6). This guidebook has many notes and 1:25,000 strip maps of the route, so there is little point in my replicating them. The exception is in Scarborough, where I partially followed the Marine Drive around the headland, before climbing up to pass the castle and descending to reach the East Harbour.
This makes a total distance of 18.7 miles, with 3842 feet of ascent and 3891 feet of descent.
We stayed at Browns Caravan Pak, Mill Lane, Cayton Bay, Scarborough YO11 3NN, telephone (01723) 582303, or look on the web at www.brownscaravan.co.uk or email info@brownscaravan.co.uk. This site cost us ten pounds for the night, and was reasonably well equipped, although was not as good a site as some we have stayed at.


Suppression of termination (also referred to as stop codon readthrough) is an alternate mechanism of translation to produce a protein with an extended C-terminus. It is used as a regulatory strategy by a large number of plant, animal and prokaryot viruses (see table below).
UAG amber and UGA opal codons are normally recognized by a release factor (eRF) instead of a tRNA, thereby stopping translation. Readthrough of these stop codons occurs when a tRNA partially recognizes UGA or UAG and allows translation to proceed further. This readthrough is induced either by a pseudoknot (MMTV) or by few nucleotides sequence after the stop. The readthrough signals of prokaryote, plant and mammal viruses are different and have different mechanisms which are still poorly understood. The efficiency of suppression of termination is globally poor: 5 to 30%.
The picture below describes MMTV suppression of termination.


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Home News & Analysis SEC's Wyatt sets sights on co-investments, real estate
SEC's Wyatt sets sights on co-investments, real estate
The commission's newly appointed chief examiner highlighted his private fund exam priorities during a speech at the PEI Private Fund Compliance Forum.
Katherine Bucaccio
The exam team at the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is targeting co-investment allocation and real estate advisers in its current and future exams, according to acting director of the Office of Compliance Exams and Inspections (OCIE) Marc Wyatt.
In his first speech of his tenure as acting director at PEI's Private Fund Compliance Forum, Wyatt noted that his team has seen improvement in private fund advisers' fee and expense disclosures, but that more work needs to be done in terms of how GPs disclose co-investment opportunities to their LPs.
Although the SEC has spoken out before on co-investment policies, Wyatt came down hard on disclosures for co-investment rights, stating, "Allocating co-investment opportunities in a manner that is contrary to what you have promised your investors can be a material conflict and can result in violations of federal securities laws and regulations."
He noted that "many in the industry" have responded by disclosing less about co-investment allocation rather than more, aiming to avoid promising investors anything so that they cannot be held accountable. But those GPs still make promises to LPs orally or via email. The best way to avoid a violation is by having a "robust and detailed" policy shared with all investors, Wyatt said.
"I am not saying that an adviser must allocate its co-investments pro-rata or in any other particular manner, but I am suggesting that all investors deserve to know where they stand in the co-investment priority stack," Wyatt noted.
He also gave further information about the SEC's recent initiative to examine more private real estate fund managers, focusing on the disclosure of fees and expenses in vertically integrated real estate GPs (those who do property management in-house).
The exam team found that some managers charge funds for costs of employees who provide asset management services and in-house attorneys, often not disclosing these fees to LPs or claiming fees would be at or below market rate, without being able to back up those claims. Wyatt said some real estate managers collect no data to justify their fees at all, or when they do collect information, what is presented to investors can be misleading.
"I hope that private equity real estate managers who have promised to provide their investors with 'rates at or below market rate' review their benchmarking practices to ensure they can support their claims," he said.
During the Q&A session following his speech, Wyatt urged the CCOs in attendance to ask clarifying questions during exams, after noticing a lack of crosstalk between his team and examinees throughout the process. "We're not trying to be a gotcha regulator," he said.
He also noted the importance of the CCO role at the firm, calling them "helpers" to the SEC. When it comes to firm dynamics, he said, "CCOs voices need to be heard."
Real estate is the SEC's next exam target. Join us at the PERE CFOs and COOs Forum this July, where head of the private funds unit Igor Rozenblit will discuss the regulator's plans for the asset class.


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