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Interview with author Augustin Buzura
An interview with author Augustin Buzura by Magdalena Popa Buluc
Topic: AUGUSTIN BUZURA
Magdalena Popa Buluc in dialogue with Romanian Academy member and writer Augustin Buzura:
"Nowadays, in our country, the interest in handcuffs is greater than any interest in books"
Interview by Magdalena Popa Buluc originally published in Cotidianul newspaper, Friday 22 February 2013. English translation by Profusion International
Augustin Buzura wearing the Academician's robes
The Romanian scale of values, in many fields, has been turned upside down by the noise and the fury of the last two decades, a quarter century in two years' time. There have been attempts, using every kind of strategy, to destroy the profound and the highest values in literature. Above all there have been campaigns to minimise the status of great dissident writers, like Augustin Buzura, who was harassed by official censorship for all his novels, but who was considered to be the author of some of the most prominent books of the 1970s and 1980s - "The Absentees" (Absenţii, 1970), "Pride" (Orgolii, 1974), "The Faces of Silence" (Feţele tăcerii, 1974), "Voices of the Night" (Vocile nopţii, 1980), "Notepad" (Bloc notes, 1981), "Refuges" (Refugii, 1984), "The Road of the Ashes" (Drumul cenuşii, 1988).
The aesthetic crisis was, and still is, underpinned by a grave moral crisis. In his more recent books, the great writer, essayist, journalist, screenwriter, medical doctor and moralist, Augustin Buzura, x-rays this crisis. In the process he uses his exceptional polemical ability, together with a nuanced and savage observation, to create a broad panoramic perspective, illuminated by the magnifying power of an electron microscope.
Talking to Augustin Buzura, master of Romanian prose from the second half of the 20th Century and the beginning of the 21st, it is impossible not to agree that he is right, and impossible not to start reflecting on his words. There is a great passion for truth, a hunger for reality and lucidity, in those places where the pygmies live only to block – like the Lilliputians – the great Gulliver.
In 1999, Augustin Buzura published a book with a hallucinatory and hope-giving title, "Requiem for Fools and Beasts" (Recviem pentru nebuni şi bestii). He reminds us, through the colour spectrum of his analyses, of Goya's "Caprices" that depicted the decay of values, betrayal with human faces, and the sleep of reason which gives birth to the monsters of today.
There is no trace of the revanchist or the resentful in these analyses and fragments of memoirs which I had the joy and the opportunity to listen to and record for the first time.
With the destructive power of termites working for the downfall of a house, the false and mediocre appraisers of Romanian literature pushed plagiarists or pastiche-lovers, writers who stand no chance, towards the "Nobel Prize". Meanwhile the literatures of the world march towards that great confluence with consecrated, strong values, which are credible throughout the length of time and throughout the breadth of human condition covered in their pages. Except for Romania no country in South-east Europe sabotaged its own values to such extent as to ignore them and treat them with so much contempt. Instead of aesthetic and moral competitions, the battles were fought for the right to hold chairs, titles and functions in various institutions.
Augustin Buzura, the Transylvanian visionary, has the courage to name the usurpers and fakers of values, with a critical spirit and talent for prose which is unique in Romanian literature. The Romanian Athenaeum should open its gates for conferences and meetings of this great writer with the Romanian audience, reprising the grand tradition of the Athenaeum's conferences. We are not made better if there are fewer of us, proclaiming ourselves the sole sources of water in the desert of values. Augustin Buzura, an extremely wronged man, like other great writers who are present or are excluded from literary histories, has a stronger and more credible voice than that of the occasional demolition men. Let us read and listen to Augustin Buzura, the great Gusti, as his friends call him. For us, it is a privilege to be among his contemporaries.
"At this moment, Romania is a country without projects"
In his garden, for the five o'clock
Your most recent published volume, "Neither Alive, Nor Dead" (Nici vii, nici morţi), "may illustrate the best the credo of the journalist who opposes truth to any rhetoric", unmasking "the political masquerades of the moment". Does it signify, perhaps, the state of somnolence in which we live?
I should say we live in confusion, in a great confusion – which can somehow be explained, as the consequence of our country's history after the last war. The revolution, instead of clarifying matters, leads us deeper into the fog [of misunderstanding]. Where have the true values of the nation disappeared to? I do not know. Instead of making us unite around some projects, as happened in other countries with which we shared the same fate and the same larger life before 1989, our intellectuals gave us evidence of the crassest mediocrity. Instead of raising the level of political discussions, they lowered it, allowing themselves to be contaminated by the empty discourse of the politicians to whom they subordinated themselves. At this moment, Romania is a country without projects, meaning that it has no direction and no perspective.
It was you again who confessed that "books are no longer of interest (...), for me, the moral crisis seems to be even more brutal than the economic crisis".
I said this before: we are in a terrible moral crisis from which I cannot tell when we'll be able to escape. Beyond this, if we believe the people who studied our psychology -, we are a gregarious people. To such a shepherd, such sheep. Do you realise what a vacuum of good our governments did us by leaving two things which are essential to society – education and healthcare – on the last level [of attention]. Doctors live between the suffering of not doing a thing and the fear of doing something, between helping others and exposing themselves to the risk of ruining their careers. This was the case not a long time ago at the Emergency Hospital "Floreasca", where professor Brădişteanu was informed about who he was allowed to treat or not to treat. In the old days, prosecutors and militiamen were present during abortions. In today's world, to ensure the good running of the medical act, gendarmes can be substituted for militiamen. Unfortunately, only people whose days are not numbered can live in Romania, and we are all at the mercy of the Almighty. Numerous, too, are the sufferings of culture. And when we talk about culture, politicians do everything in their power to reform it, which means to minimise it. Obviously, all this happens with the support of prominent intellectuals. You cannot have great expectations from a people who are not physically, morally and intellectually healthy. The hungry cannot defend democracy and freedom. Romania is a humiliated country, and three quarters of its inhabitants are reduced to the condition of being subhuman. Our great national problems have become what do we eat today, what will we wear from day to day, how will we pay our bills.
You are a writer who is obsessed with the space where you live, but in the same time you are a spectator of the multitude of catastrophes you see, "where the handcuffs of history are heard more and more often". You said: "The country was ruled and is still ruled from the glass of the TV set, justice was pronounced from it, destinies were broken there, and false biographies were drawn upon it, the country becoming a heaven for dunces and cronies [Hăitaș – literally – beaters for the hunt]". You are indeed one of the true dissidents. How is the spiritual night into which we are sliding deeper each day possible, in this day and age?
Being of an age which is quite advanced – 75 years – , I've known all the eras [of Romania], starting with King Carol II, continuing with Horthy, in Northern Transylvania that was ceded to the Hungarians by the Vienna Diktat, then the communists – with Gheorghiu-Dej and all the others. I was marked by all these stages through which I lived, and our lack of perspective seems even more terrifying to me. Nobody proposes anything, politicians accuse one the others of being thieves, of stealing. The sinister Securitate disappeared but, for a change, its manners are perpetuated. I was horribly impressed by a "detail" which says everything about this epoch: this summer, after the Referendum [regarding the impeachment of President Traian Basescu], many people were made to swear by prosecutors about the way they voted, with the Bible laid down on the roof of a car. The only thing which seemed sadder than this was, years ago, a [political] demonstration of the actors. After everything they did for our country to be recognised abroad, you saw them lining Magheru Boulevard, bent by the indignity of the situation in which they were finding themselves. I hope the young people who are now the leadership of the country will understand that they need to start changing things in education, in healthcare, in culture and the sports. Only through this they will succeed to put the country on its own feet. Otherwise, they have no chance. History will condemn them. You cannot expect much from a people who are uncivilised, uncultured, ill and hungry. And, as I said to you before, the gravest thing at this present moment is the loss of dignity. The chase for "firmans", (constitutional decrees) confirmations from Brussels, shows a lamentable manner of thinking about politics, and of manifesting your respect towards those who voted for you.
"The humility towards the West, humility in which we live today, unsettles me"
With his family, Lara, the grand-daughter, his wife, Maria-Olimpia, Ada, his daughter, Daniela Zeca-Buzura, his daughter-in-law, and Cristian
Did we become more European before being Romanians?
During the times of The Deceased [NOTE – common expression denoting former dictator Nicolae Ceausescu], we were terrorised by proletarian internationalism. After the revolution, the same people who were proletarian internationalists, well organised by [political analyst] Brucan, have automatically become great Europeans, forgetting they belonged to a people who raised them up, insured their instruction, free education and the chance to even study abroad. The humility towards the West, humility in which we live today, unsettles me. During the times of Stalin and those who followed him, the greatest accusation that could be thrown at you was: "you are anti-Soviet", "anticommunist". Now, once again some activists, with more or less learning [than those before], accuse you of being anti-American, anti-West. There are a number of nonentities who maintain this balance. I took part, immediately after the post-revolutionary period, in the Innsbruck meeting where the issue of Romania joining the Council of Europe was presented. During that meeting, this personality, otherwise important in our country, asked those present for Romania not to be received into that body. The lady Swedish ambassador intervened here, and she asked, flabbergasted: "How can set yourself up against your own country?". The same line, if you remember, was heard recently in Brussels: "How can you be against your own country and lie?". But talking about small peoples, I remember here the Finns who stood up to the Russians, no matter how big and strong the latter were. They won that confrontation, but more than that, they won the respect of the entire world. I have reached a certain age now, and I fight its drawbacks as well as I can, I know that entire worlds and universes disappear, that everything that exists is fated to die, but it is sad that before being killed by the Unavoidable, you are defeated by stupidity, injustice and aggression.
As a Transylvanian, I knew only too well the Vienna Diktat, and I wondered many times how was it that the hands of those who accepted it did not wither, because they left the country without a part of Transylvania, without a part of Moldavia, without a part of Bucovina, without the Cadrilater [NOTE - land in the southern province of Dobrudja, along the Black Sea coast, nowadays part of Bulgaria]. For some years now, the only important thing to our people is what other people do, and what other people say about us. It's a life that has been dramatised to the maximum. An encouragement from the International Monetary Fund, a smile from the Grand Firefly, the opinions of some ladies from Brussels – they all weigh heavier than the opinion and the vote of an entire people.
This is what happened then, what is your opinion on what is happening now?
I worked for a long time with a professor who knew Transylvania and the Middle Ages better than anyone else: academician David Prodan, one of the great Romanian historians, and he said to me: "From 1866 onwards, it became very hard to discuss history with the Hungarians". And this is without mentioning the [Treaty of] Trianon. Autonomy is just a first step in their great and utopian project. The truth is that the Hungarians know their coalition partners very well [in the Romanian government], and their awful hunger for wealth, as well as their irresponsibility.
What can we negotiate while two steps away from Romania, both in Szeged, and in Debreţin, there is no hotel and no TV station in the Romanian language, alongside all those in Arabic and Russian?
You should add that, in the "Romanian" lyceum in Gyula, it is only the Romanian language that is taught in Romanian, while all the other subjects are taught in Hungarian. It would be a catastrophe if we should apply the Hungarian recipe to the Hungarians in Romania. The fact is that we do not have a state policy for defending our language, our civilisation and our cultural values. We could learn from the Hungarians the steadfastness with which they defend their language and culture. But, in a country like ours, about which no one knows for sure if it still exists – given that it ended up selling not only its riches, but also its past, history, traditions and language for some banal votes – it is hard to hope for something good.
The Hungarians go so far as to sell earth for those who want to be buried in the earth of their country, in Hungary. While for us, some are upset even by the national anthem. Not to mention the national day: summers are too hot, and winters too cold to celebrate it [NOTE – during communist times, it was 23 August; after the revolution it is 1 December]. In general, we must find a neutral day which would not mean anything to anyone. As for the Hungarians in Romania, I remember the late Fănuş Neagu was once asked in jest, before the revolution, what he would like to be. He replied: "a Hungarian from Romania". Using the same logic, it is probable now, that after all this democracy, he wouldn't even want to speak Romanian.
"I write exactly what I feel and I have a terrible need to make peace with myself"
With his daughter, Ada
You are the founder of the "Romanian Cultural Foundation", and also of the "Romanian Cultural Institute". What were your ambitions at the time you established them?
The same ambitions that any man normally has when he wants, and [also] does all he can, for his country and his culture to be known and respected in the world. Before the revolution I wrote several articles which maintained, with examples from all our great classics, that our country does nothing for the propagation of its values. Consequently, I was called several times in front of the Central Committee [of the Romanian Communist Party] in order to be questioned and to assume responsibility. Even more, I was asked to criticise [Radio] "Free Europe", which had commented favourably on my texts. After the revolution, there were several proposals for me to run for Parliament, or to run various institutions; I refused saying that my interest was to write. I am obsessed by the people and the space where I live, I write exactly what I feel and I have a terrible need to make peace with myself. But, when I was reminded that I now had the chance to do what I was proposing in the articles I mentioned, I did not hesitate for a second. I was convinced that I would succeed in making the institution stand on its own feet within one year. Therefore, I greatly wanted to build, to prove we were not only a country of eternal beginnings.
But, returning to the starting point of the Romanian Cultural Foundation, how did you begin?
At that time, I was part of an international intellectual group – "Gulliver" – , which was based in Amsterdam, together with some huge names who were proposing a dialogue between East and West.
Isn't this the group founded by Günter Grass, in which Vaclav Havel had also been a member?
Yes, the same. Regarding myself, I proposed, for example, the establishment of an important publishing house in Vienna. Because, and I will tell you something sad: the greater part of those personalities did not know the reality of our parts of the world, of the East. In short, wanting very much for Romanian literature and culture in general to circulate and be known in the world, I agreed to establish the "Romanian Cultural Foundation", hoping that my colleagues from "Gulliver" would, of course, support me. Which is what they did. The tenth anniversary of the group was celebrated in Sinaia. At the same time, I asked for assistance from the Swedish Institute. After that I went to the American Congress Library, where I was shocked to see what books they had on Romania: several volumes, some of them written by American researchers, and some by émigré historians. At that particular time, a history of Transylvania published in Budapest was promoted with great success everywhere. It took many years until the reputed historian, academician Ioan-Aurel Pop, would write another History of Transylvania, which was probably closer to the truth. And, in parallel, a synthesis of the history of the Romanians which enjoyed a very good welcome in the US academia. The Centre for Transylvanian Studies, a creation of Silviu Dragomir, re-established under the aegis of the "Romanian Cultural Foundation" and the leadership of the late academician David Prodan, then under Prof Liviu Maior, fully proved its usefulness. Unfortunately, my successors at the leadership of the "Romanian Cultural Institute" got rid of it immediately. A language "good only for swearing" and "a country like an arse" were not up to the level of our East European neighbours.
With his grandson, Cristian
Which was the greatest success you had with the "Romanian Cultural Foundation" besides the innumerable high level conferences around the globe?
I presented our culture in many capitals of the world: Beijing, Tokyo, Madrid, Seoul, Jerusalem, Budapest, Rio de Janeiro, Stockholm etc. In parallel, there were other international programmes going on in the country – in Bucharest, Cluj, Baia Mare, Constanţa etc. Besides the international programmes, there were other types of activity regarding the development of cultural relations with the Romanians living around the borders of the country and from the diaspora, educational programmes, Romanian language courses, professional development courses, cultural-artistic events, scholarships, the buying and distribution of books, music cassettes, films, CDs. I created a publishing house and numerous publications in order to be able to enter a dialogue with other cultures, because it wasn't only us wanting to be translated into other languages, foreign writers also wanted to be translated into Romanian. But, in line with our good traditions, the same successors got rid of these publications as well.
An impressive event was the one in Washington, in 1999. Up to that time, the most important Romanian presence in America had been the visit of Queen Maria in 1926. The "Romanian Cultural Foundation" took upon itself the mission to represent Romania, the guest of honour at the "Smithsonian Folk Festival", with a programme under the title of "Romania – Open Doors". We are talking here about our participation in the best known festival of folk traditions in the world, which was a pretext and an occasion to present our country and culture in the most concrete and complex mode possible, with all the characteristics of an authentic civilisation, rural and urban, traditional and modern, from wooden buildings to music, dance, IT, gastronomy, art books, or other information materials in English and in electronic form. The Romanian stand, situated in the centre of the American capital, on the National Mall, had more than 1,100,000 visitors, and 40,000,000 people became acquainted with Romania through the mass-media. Among the 500 articles published in the press about the festival, 98 eulogised our participation. A thousand important American politicians came to know us, for example vice-president Al Gore, and the TV stations broadcast the entire event. All this "fun" came at a cost of over $1,125,000, and the fatherland had sent me there with $360,000, the idea being that I would find the rest myself. I was going crazy, I borrowed as much as I could, but I managed to pay my debts. The important thing is, however, that in the end the success was greater than the trouble.
And, as a reward, in some years' time you were called and announced that you had been dismissed, in a none too elegant manner. At least for the sake of history, tell me how this happened.
I owe my sudden departure to the presidential counsellor at the time, Andrei Pleşu. It was his way of expressing his gratitude. I cannot suspect President Traian Băsescu of having read my works, or having known anything about what had happened to me before the revolution. Thus, the only thing with which I can reproach the President is his lack of kindness. I had asked him to approve a two-week unpaid holiday, so that I could leave the next day for a surgical intervention in Vienna. If I hadn't gone, I would have lost the appointment and it was a question of life and death. This was in 2005. I told him I wanted to come back and conduct the handover of the institution myself, since it is usually said about the person who leaves either that he stole, or that he left something in a mess. He replied to me dryly "It is not approved".
My colleague Angela Martin, the vice-president of the ICR, a person who bore the brunt of the publishing house and the international programmes, handed over in good condition everything we had realised, with great pains, during fifteen years. When it was founded, the ICR had 5 cultural institutes abroad and, after one year, when I left the Institute, I left it with 16. Anyway, Andrei Marga is at the leadership of the Institute nowadays, and he has a CV that satisfies the exigencies of such a mission. For the time being, all the guns of the detractors are pointing at him. I wonder what the "democratic press" would write if, for example, Andrei Marga should organise and sponsor, as my successors did, the Festival of Romanian aspic?
"Leaving medicine, I felt more attached to it, I loved it even more"
On the shores of the Black Sea, in front of the Writers' House in Neptun
I would like us to look back without anger, to turn back in time by asking you: what made you love books as a child?
I was lucky. During my childhood I went through some miraculous events that changed my life. Behind our house, in a village in Maramureş, was the priest's house; he was a man with unusual powers. A saint. He conducted services both for the Orthodox, and the Greek-Catholic. His grace from God and his prestige were humongous. In October 1944, when the fate of the war was decided, fearing the reprisals of the [Hungarian] Horthy troops, we had run together with all the neighbours into a nearby forest. Our fear was completely justified. All the horrors of Ip and Trăsnea – children being pulled out of their mothers' bellies with the bayonet – and in equal measure those from Huedin, where the chief priest [protopop] had been blown up with a pump until he died, were everybody's obsessions. We had a single radio apparatus on batteries and we were waiting impatiently for the Romanians to come. We also had a single flag, hidden under straw in a cart, and we were hoping to be able to bring it into the light. Instead of the much expected Romanian army, the Soviets arrived. And I cannot forget an image of horror – when a soldier that had entered our house saw my mother's [religious] icons, he erased them all with bursts of his automatic gun. That is when the village priest was also put against the wall. And that is when we experienced the first true miracle: out of the blue came this man who, talking with the soldiers in their own language, saved the priest from death. As a sign of gratitude, the priest offered him a little house and assured him he would care for him for all his life.
But who was that man?
His name was Uray Iuliu. Some said he was Hungarian, some that he was a Pole, but with the exception of the priest nobody found out his story. The fact is that he started to be in charge of my education. I went to his house and he taught me how to put together insectaria, and herbaria, but he also read to me from Horace, in Neapolitan dialect, and from Ovid. He was a man who was interested in the movements of the stars and he often unveiled their secrets to me. I did "classes" with him, French, Italian... A short time after this came the house searches run by the Securitate, and they were taking the folks out to the Canal [labour camps], they were burning books... My father was a worker at the "Phoenix" lead works, nowadays defunct, and because of these "healthy origins" he was less suspect, so the priest came and brought all his books to our place, and hid them in the barn. He had an amazing library: all the Transylvanian magazines – "Luceafărul" (The Evenstar), "Cosinzeana", "Ziarul ştiinţelor şi al călătoriilor" (the Journal of Sciences and Travels), "Viaţa ilustrată" (Illustrated Life), "Telegraful Român" (the Romanian Telegraph), "Tribuna" (the Tribunal) of [author Ioan] Slavici, as well as the entire collection of "Biblioteca pentru toţi" (Everyman's Library). This is how I read Rebreanu, Agârbiceanu, Goga, at the right time, and the priest Alexandru Ciura, who was writing about the miners in the Apuseni Mountains...
But what made you head afterwards in the direction of medicine?
Chance had it that I would live among mentally ill people. The priest I told you about was performing exorcisms. There were epileptics coming from all over the country, their relatives brought them tied to the carts, and they left free, on their own. I was fascinated by their secret, I wanted to know why they were different from us. When my mother and father were leaving for work, they locked me in the house fearing I could be attacked by a madman. Later on, my father wanted me to become a priest, and my mother wanted me to be a veterinarian because the son of the same priest was a professor of comparative anatomy at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest. Again, by chance, both of us would be received at the same time, many years later, in the Romanian Academy. But to return to the question. I went to take the admission exams at the medical school, in Cluj, where we were 12 candidates for each place on the course. During those days, there were real giants of medicine at Cluj university. I could learn from them not just science, but also the most important lessons of kindness and being human. I owe my passion for research to some of my professors, to others I owe, however strange it might sound, my passion for literature. Literature seen from a novel perspective. One of my professors, for example, when he was conducting the exams, didn't ask you to talk about the malady inscribed on the exam ticket, but about the works of the writer, musician or painter who had suffered from that malady. I, for one, had to talk about Maupassant! As such, each day, with great efforts, I would discover and discover,...
In fact, in the sciences, each discovery is the result of enormous sacrifices.
I didn't enter medical school from the first try. And by the time I took the second admission exam, I had practiced the strangest professions. Each was useful to me, in its own way. I worked down the mines, I was a woodcutter, the chief of the Alimentary market in Baia Mare, a carer at "Krateyl" circus, a clerk in the register office... I lived as a lodger in the house of lady who had been the former owner of the gold mines. Her husband had died at the Canal [labour camps], and she was living a life like the one in the "Great Expectations". I learned from her many things that pertain to good manners. For example, how do you walk holding hands with a lady if you have an umbrella: two steps, umbrella down, and again two steps, umbrella down. I learned from her about eating in a "civilised" manner. She would place a book on my head, two other books under my arms, and I would have to control my posture while using the knife and fork in the same time. I had to stand up in the presence of a lady, and she had the custom of entering my room about twenty times a day. Nowadays, unfortunately, I have reached the situation, on the bus or the underground train, when women would stand up in my presence, to offer me their place.
In Washington, on the Mall, at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival
Your life was located under the sign of providential meetings. But what was it that made you head from medicine to literature?
Once in medical school, I then had the chance to be in an extraordinarily good study group. If the weakest in the group received mark 10 simple, not mark 10 with merit, we would all be flunked. I felt the need to write, but did not try to. It was more a random association. I wrote a piece of prose, sent it to the "Tribuna", it was immediately published and then I started riding on two horses: keeping up with my colleagues, and also writing. I had a theory at the time: you cannot be good in everything you do, but you can be the best at something. I liked psychiatry enormously. We had a woman professor at the Chair [of psychiatry], with whom we conducted extremely difficult experiments. In those days I learned genetics, psychoanalysis – all forbidden back then. We were doing exercises of hypnosis and concentration. I was also frequenting a circle of literary psychopathology, where I was also conducting seminars. But, no matter how strange it might sound, by leaving medicine, I felt more attached to it, I loved it even more. I could now read whatever I wanted, neither the patients, nor the bosses would make me do anything against my will. At the university, I had been passionate about the metabolism of lithium salts, about schizophrenia and psycho-pharmacology, and in particular lysergic acid and psilocybin. I had read much about mescaline, that "miserable miracle", as Henri Michaud called it.
I remember your novels, such as "Pride" (Orgolii), "Faces of Silence" (Feţele tăcerii), "Report on the State of Loneliness" (Raport asupra singurătăţii), "Requiem for Fools and Beasts" (Recviem pentru nebuni şi bestii), published during the times of Ceauşescu, in which can be found psychiatric methods of investigating human conscience, and in which your passion for literary psychopathology can be seen. For these novels, did you take inspiration from real cases, or was it all only fiction?
To a great extent, they were real, as any novel has a starting point connected to reality. In "Faces of Silence" (Feţele tăcerii), for example, I asked myself what happened to the people who had fought in the mountains. And it was not exactly by chance. Once, as a child, while I was in the pasture with the cows, I had seen a Securitate car. The Securitate men had shot a man in the leg, and they were dragging him behind them, like an animal. I asked myself: what happened to him? Who was that man?... What happened to the people who'd ran away in the mountains of Maramureş and those who had been locked up in Sighet [prison]?
Thinking of psychoanalysis, in some of your novels – "Voices of the Night" (Vocile nopţii), "The Road of the Ahses" (Drumul cenuşii) – there are nuances between grey and black, and mental death comes to the surface like a motif, but also pain. I read a work by a psychoanalyst, Nicolas N. Dracoulides, a student of the Austrian school of psychoanalysis, in which he talks about red, black and white, the constants of Stendhal's work, connected to specific moments that were recurring in his life, and also appearing in the titles of his works: "The Red and the Black", "The Red and the White". They are obsessions about what he lived through as a child. Did you take inspiration, besides literary psychopathology, from psychoanalysis?
Yes and no. But psychoanalysis remained one of my great passions. I have read almost anything of importance in this field. When I chose my graduation paper – "Shakespeare in Psychiatry" –, psychoanalysis was forbidden. I could not quote any author from the bibliography, not even Freud. But anyway, I learned a lot. Taking a character, cutting it out from the book and following his or her psychiatric particularities... Shakespeare was mastered a great part of the knowledge of his day. For example, meteorologists even found out from Shakespeare the direction of the wind at the time of the defeat of the Invincible Armada: North-North-West. Also, he knew about the circulation of the blood, as described by Harvey, but also about the acting mechanism of poisons. Shakespeare had an incredible spirit of observation: he described with precision various mental illnesses before they would receive a name many years later. Ophelia suffered from hebephrenic schizophrenia, Hamlet was psychasthenic, and Lear suffered from senile dementia.
"Romania was far from being a 'Siberia of the spirit'"
Swedish writer Kjell Espmark, President of the Nobel Committee for Literature between 1998 and 2005, Augustin Buzura, Angela Martin and Adrian Pintea
You are a writer who is obsessed with the space which he inhabits. What are your feelings when you finish a volume? Do you feel the need to go over it again?
I feel a terrible tiredness, because a novel is finished only after a number of rewritings. After it is published, I am afraid to read it again because I can't remember having ever been satisfied. Sometimes, after finishing a volume, I would just go nowhere in particular. I had no target towards which I would head. I was going to the train station and as I heard "the train is departing from such platform" I was got on it to see, for example, what did [the town of] Titu look like. At other times, I would wander the mines and listen to the people telling me about this and that... I was pushed forward by the need to know and to research. The fault probably lies with my scientific training. You read and you research enormously in order to gain a little certitude – something of the unknown and unsaid which we are always facing.
It is true that great writers were subjected to a continuous and unjust attack by some denigrators, people in a hurry to inflate their own merits and situate themselves on the crest of the last waves of minimalist, textualist, pornographic and so-called post-modernist prose. A campaign of age discrimination, waged in Romanian literature with the violence and ignorance of Calibans, launched the concept of the expired generation. With the devastating behaviour of migratory hordes, the newcomers tried to set preceding values on fire, talking about Eminescu the cadaver in the cupboard, about patriotism as the product of some outdated, anti-European and anti-globalisation mentalities, and about the great classics and moderns as being some obsolete models. What do you think about the literature of today?
There are, in our country, a few great writers who bore the weight of Romanian literature in very difficult conditions, and, on the other hand, there are many glories without any cover. And this without mentioning the TV-writers everybody is quoting without having read them. I do not believe in a literature that circumvents great truths, the great themes of the novel, which have been the same since the genre started. If you are not interested in freedom, in dignity and in everything that makes a man out of a being, there are too few chances your texts will survive.
You were shouting out loud what others didn't have the courage to speak. You lived, during the years, [through] moments of atrocious censorship. Your generation had to build an oeuvre within the universe they had conceived. You wrote: "If we do not talk, silence will establish its dark dominion".
The truth is I was feeling up to confronting censorship. And I think I was one of the most censored writers. In those days, however, I was thinking of myself as being very useful and I felt compelled to say, events shout out loud, the things other people did not know or did not dare to shout! The brave and the fighters against communism and censorship appeared only after the revolution, when there were no more risks. What's more, instead of an oeuvre it was enough to have a [communist] party membership card, a powerful master and some invented wounds they could expose with pathos in front of the fatherland. Even with all the censorship, in some periods – more numerous than people who write about them nowadays know – books that might occupy a place of pride in any other literature were published. Books which, in spite of the times and historical changes, are not obsolete. As for Romania, it was far from being a "Siberia of the spirit". But if we continue to ignore the spirit, education and science, it may become [such]. I wrote for decades about mental death, about bringing a man to the situation of not knowing dignity and truth, of being a banal herd animal. As it is, I know what I am talking about. I meet again the same questions, pains and fears to which, half a century ago, I believed there were solutions, answers. In these days of ours there is another kind of censorship – the economic kind. If you do not have money, you are eliminated.
"Who is still talking about culture nowadays? Who is still losing their time reading?"
With his favourite dog, Sven
This is exactly what I wanted to ask you, since you direct a prestigious literary magazine, "Cultura" (Culture), under private sponsorship [auspicii private], one of the most impressive journalistic exercises in Romanian culture. How do you manage it?
I ask myself every week if I will be able to publish the next issue.
What worries you in present-day society? - given that you affirmed "there exists a national grinder for destroying reputations", adding: "Writers without books, politicians without ideologies, they have suffocated Romania".
Communists, anticommunists, philo-Occidentals and philo-Americans, anti-Soviets and philo-Soviets, the autonomous and the independent – we have all become raw materials for the most sinister grinder. We behave like beings without past, without history, without culture, as if we've been parachuted into an unknown place and compelled to start everything from scratch. Who is still talking about culture nowadays? Who is still losing time reading? Modernisation is translated in an unceasing changing of the laws, and the interest in handcuffs is infinitely greater than the interest in books. Our contest "Who knows, wins" has as a theme: "Who's the most servile of the serfs?" It is a matter of indifference what they are: from the Left, from the Right, or the Centre. The question I feel the need to shout out belongs to Mishima: "How is it possible, I wonder, to only want to live, by accepting a world in which the spirit has died?".
You wrote at some point a terrifying phrase: "In front of death, words withdraw". All this struggle of yours along the years, with censorship, with [state] structures, with politicians, with the nonentities in the field of culture, did it make you have the obsession of pain, of fear? You've actually passed through countless dramatic moments in life, in connection to your health. Where does this inner force that stimulates normality come from, this force of putting aside the thought of illness in order to save yourself? Is there a technique for it? How did you manage to go beyond these moments, to continue the struggle and "resurrect" like the Phoenix?
I believe nothing is happening by chance in life. Many times I wanted to do things in a certain way, and they came out differently. My theory, nowadays, is somehow along the lines of Viktor E. Frankl's logotherapy. His key question: What reason do you have for not killing yourself?, can be preceded by another one: Why was I punished? As for me, I think illness is a punishment, but it is especially an aid through which divinity draws your attention to the fact that you took the wrong route and that you have to return to your purpose, starting from the idea that we are not born and we do not live without a purpose. And it is this purpose which is the reason that compels you to live. Once you discover it, you are no longer alone. Or defeated.
What are the last books you've read?
They are, in the order I read them: Deidre Bair – "Jung – a biography"; Irvin Yalom – "Existential Psychotherapy" and "The Spinoza Problem"; Dalai Lama – "My Spiritual Autobiography"; Viktor E. Frankl – "Man's Search for Meaning".
What do you do when you are not writing? It is a foolish question, because I see that on your table there are countless rough copies. How do you purify yourself?
Last week, for example, I lived through a nightmarish moment because I lost more than a quarter of the novel I am writing from my computer, and I had to start it all over again. Can you imagine this? – an extremely difficult business. Before, during the "obsessive decades", I used to listen to lots of music. When I felt stale in my soul, I listened to Bach for hours on end. Bach was my salvation. When I was feeling dried up, and dry and insufferable, I listened to Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninov. Chopin brought solace and changed my mood. At this moment, I can write without any invigorating supplement. But I read for a change, I read very much.
Because we are talking about love, what role did it play in your life?
The writer is his own guinea pig and his discoveries do not belong to him, but to literature. The things he lived are seen in his books. I am convinced that without friendship, love and faith, it is almost impossible to live, or it is possible but it's not worth it.
What are you dreaming of?
I dream of living another day, and another day, and yet another day... And to write another phrase, and another phrase and yet another phrase... And to be able to read again the things that I wrote.


text:
About St. Philip's
Our Staff and Parish
Christmas at St. Philip's
Easter at St. Philip's
Free Concert Series
Weddings & More
Welcome to St. Philip's
View live Sermons on our Facebook page. Or, watch them later on our Sermons page.
St. Philip's Episcopal Church is a unique community: caring, inclusive and service-oriented. Find us at the corner of Chapel and River Roads, 1½ miles north of downtown New Hope. Join us — for a Sunday, a season or a lifetime.
Sunday, 8:15 and 10:15 a.m.
Wednesday, 7 p.m.
Daily except Sunday, 8:30 a.m.
Daily except Wednesday, 7 p.m.
Everyone is welcome, and we really mean it!
¡Todos son bienvenidos, realmente lo son!
© 2022 St. Philip's Episcopal Church. • 10 Chapel Rd., New Hope, PA 18938 • 267-897-3050

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Henry Ainsworth
Cotton Town
The Cotton Industry
How we used to live
Names of NoteCurrently selected
Captains of Industry
Eccles Shorrock
Frank Brian Mercer
Boyle James
Born In Blackburn
Russell Harty
Cemetery Walk
Notorious Names
Notable Names of Blackburn and Darwen
Rev. Dr. Robert West Pearson
Henry AinsworthCurrently selected
The Two Faces of Henry Ainsworth Hebrew Scholar and Biblical Commentator
This article is not a biography of Henry Ainsworth, there are many accounts of his life available on line (see bibliography). This appraisal concerns who he was and where he came from. It deals only with the early part of Henry's life simply because there does not appear to be anything recorded about his early life in any contemporary work.
There are two schools of thought regarding Henry Ainsworth's ancestry. One is perpetuated by historians local to Lancashire, and, the other, by the wider group of historians. As to what Henry did after leaving University and his life in Amsterdam, including the books he wrote and published, all historians are in agreement.
Let us first look at Henry Ainsworth of Pleasington and how local historians of the distant, and, not so distant past, have associated this man with the Separatist Minister and Religious Controversialist.
Pedigree of The Ainsworth's of Pleasington
The Ainsworth's were an old and established family. Much has been written about their descent, see in particular, Abram's "A History of Blackburn" (Abram 614-619). Their association with Pleasington goes as far back as the 12th century, but we need only concern ourselves here with Henry Ainsworth, the son of Lawrence. Henry was the second son of Lawrence Ainsworth. He was born circa 1560, attended Blackburn Grammar School, and, it is said, he attended St. John's College Cambridge, but did not obtain a degree. At the time of writing this article I have not discovered any definite proof that he did or did not attend St. John's College Cambridge.
Pleasington Old Hall Drawing by Charles Haworth
The first mention I have found of Henry Ainsworth with a Pleasington connection is from the "History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster" Vol 3, "HENRY AINSWORTH an eminent Hebrew scholar and biblical commentator of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the second son of Laurence Ainsworth of Pleasington, gentleman, by Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Grimshaw of Clayton and born about the year 1560…It is not known where he was initiated in the rudiments of learning though he afterwards completed his education in the University of Cambridge and it is much to be regretted that we are able to discover so little information respecting so celebrated a man" (Baines, pp. 356-359).
Thereafter, apart from noting that he acquired his early education at Blackburn Grammar School, this connection with Pleasington is cited by local historians including, George Miller in the 1950's.
In 1967, G.F. Eastwood in his book "A History of the Grammar School in Blackburn" says;
"The election of [Laurence] Yates [Headmaster of the School 1588-1592] marked a change of fortune. He was a man of great talent and boundless energy, as well as being an excellent teacher as is testified by the European reputation achieved by three of his former pupils, Henry Ainsworth, James Anderton and Robert Bolton. Ainsworth was born about 1560, his father, who lived at Pleasington Old Hall, being one of the Original fifty Governors…He went up to Cambridge where his strong Puritan leanings led him to join the `Brownists` or independents…Having endured persecution under Elizabeth, Ainsworth fled to Amsterdam where he spent the remainder of his days, publishing many pamphlets and a Latin dictionary which took him twenty years to compile" (Eastwood, p.19).
Yes, Henry did publish a great number of pamphlets and books, for a list of his works see link at the end of this article, but he did not publish a Latin Dictionary as stated in the above excerpt. George Miller also mentions this dictionary in his book "Blackburn Worthies". Miller's account records;
"…Henry Ainsworth, who was best known to fame for his Latin and English Dictionary, in the composition of which he spent twenty years. My own copy is dated 1740, but the first edition appeared in 1736" (Miller, pp 7-8).
The Ainsworth who wrote the dictionary was not Henry but Robert Ainsworth. He was born at Wordsall, Manchester in 1660 and died in London,1743. He started the Dictionary about 1716 and published it in 1736.
One thing missing from all the articles on Ainsworth compiled and written by previous local historians is the lack of citations for any of the information. It is all assumption and reliance on information provided by earlier historians.
One man, however, does give a source for a quote he uses about Ainsworth. That man is Peter Whittle, who, in 1852, published his book "Blackburn As It Is", a book consulted and quoted from even today.
He wrote a short Biography of Henry, in which he says;
" Henry Ainsworth, a very eminent biblical scholar and divine of the 17th century… This gentleman was educated at Blackburn Chanting and Grammar school for a certain period…he was sent to the University of Cambridge by the advice of Edward Walsh, then vicar of Blackburn" (Whittle, pp.172-173).
He makes no mention of which college Ainsworth attended. Whittle then gives a history of Henry's travels to Amsterdam.
At the end of the article Whittle writes;
"Dr. Worthington, Master of Jesus College, Cambridge stated in a letter, dated January 4th, 1660, to Adam Bolton, vicar, of the parish Church of Blackburn, that "Mr. Henry Aynesworth, a native of Lancashire (my italics) was an excellent annotator upon the Pentateuch, upon the prophet Hosea, on the Gospel of St. Matthew, and St. Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews" (Whittle, pp.172-173).
You would think this was proof enough to show that Henry Ainsworth was at least a man local to Lancashire. However, Whittle is the only historian to use this information Why? Because it is a completely fabricated story! Everything about the account is wrong. The date of the letter is January 11th 1660, not January 4th as Whittle says. The letter was addressed to Samuel Hartlib, a polymath of German origin and not Adam Bolton, Vicar of Blackburn. It should be noted that Adam Bolton was Vicar of Blackburn from 1628 to 1646, dying in that year. So, he had been dead almost twenty years by the time Dr. Worthington wrote his letter. What Dr. Worthington actually wrote was;
"There is an Author, whose remains are most worthy to be retriev'd; I mean Mr. Ainsworth, whose excellent Annotations upon the Pentateuch, &c., sufficiently discover his great learning, and his most exact observation of the proper idioms of the holy text…" (Crossley, pp. 236-269).
Abram mentions the above letter in his History of Blackburn but without the reference to Lancashire.
The Chetham Society printed the Diary and Correspondence of Dr. John Worthington, Master of Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1847, and so, the book was available for Whittle to consult. Had this been a one off on the part of Whittle it could be forgiven as a genuine mistake. But it wasn't! On page 217 of the same book Whittle says;
"We find from the Linesy MSS, a petition couched in the following terms; an extract is sufficient. `The state of Blackburn was such, in the year 1706, that people were seen walking their desolate streets, hanging down their heads under disappointments, wormed out of all branches of their trade, uncertain what hand to turn to. Necessitated to become apprentices to their unkind neighbour; and yet, after all, finding their old trade so fortified by companies and secured by prescriptions, that they despair of any success therin." (Whittle, p. 217)
Whittle gives no indication has to who said this or what the petition was about. This would, indeed, have been one of the earliest descriptions Blackburn and the state of trade in the town, however, the extract was not written about Blackburn at all, in actual fact it is from a speech made by Lord Bellhaven in the Scottish Parliament on the 2nd of November 1706 on the "Subject matter of an Union betwixt the two kingdoms of Scotland and England."
The actual piece reads:
"think I see the Royal State of Boroughs walking their desolate Streets, hanging down their Heads under Disappointment, wormed out of all the Branches of their old Trade, uncertain what Hand to turn to, necessitate to become 'Prentices to their unkind Neighbours; and yet after all, finding their Trade so fortified by Companies, and secured by Prescriptions, that they despair of any Success therein. (Web Site Crann Tara).
There are more of these blatant errors in his book but I think these two will suffice to show that Whittle is a far from a reliable source of information, and care needs to be taken when citing his work. The question is why did he do such things? I suppose we will never know the answer to that.
Baptism Register of Swanton Morley 1569/70
Record taken from Find My Past.
Starting in the 1880's, views begin to change about the origins of Henry Ainsworth. Ernest Axon (the earliest reference I can find) wrote a pamphlet, "Henry Ainsworth: his birth place and his death" which was printed in the "Palatine Note-Book" (Manchester 1885). Later, the pamphlet was incorporated into an article called "Henry Ainsworth the Puritan Commentator" by William E.A and Ernest Axon. They assert that Henry Ainsworth the "Separatist Minister and Religious Controversialist" was not born in Pleasington in 1560, but rather, at Swanton Morley, Norfolk in 1570. The Axon's state there is no record of his birth or baptism at that place. However, an article of 1987 "The Apostasy of Henry Ainsworth: A Case Study in Early Separatist Historiography"), by Michael E. Moody, says he was the;
"Son of Thomas Ainsworth, a yeoman farmer, he was baptised on 15 January 1569/70 at Swanton Morley, Norfolk. Here for three years he attended a school run by a Mr. Clephamson." Moody added that the vicar of the Church confirmed the information for him. The registers for All Saints Church at this time, can be found on "Find my Past,"
When I looked at these, I could not read any names because they were unclear and so I cannot confirm whether his name is on or not.
All Saint's Church Swanton Morley
Local historians tell us that after leaving Blackburn Grammar School Ainsworth went to Cambridge University without actually stating which College. Both the Axons and Moody say he attended St. John's College at the age of 17, for one year, before removing, on the 15 December 1587, to Gonville and Caius College. In his book "Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College, 1349-1897 Vol. 1. Admissions 1349-1713", (1897) John Venn gives a list and Biographical notes of all known members of the College from the foundation to the present time.
Ainsworth biographical sketch reads:
Aynsworth: son of Thomas Aynsworth, yeoman. Born at Swanton Morley, Norfolk. At School there under Mr. Clephamson, three years. At St. John's College, under Mr. Furnance, one year. Age 18. Admited to the scholars' table, Dec. 15, 1587. Surety Dr. Perse, Fellow.
Scholar, Mich[aelmas] 1587 to L[ady] Day 1591. A celebrated Nonconformist minister. After leaving Cambridge he seems to have gone first to Ireland, and, in 1597, to America; but soon returned and settled for the rest of his life in Amsterdam. A very learned man he was, and a close student, which much impaired his health. We have heard some, eminent in the knowledge of the tongues, of the University of Leyden, say that they thought he had not his better for the Hebrew tongue, in the University, nor scarce in Europe" (Young's Chon. Plym. 448). He married, March 29, 1607, Marjorie, widow of Richard Appleby, of Ipswich. Died late in 1622 or early 1623. He was author of many religious works, of which the Annotations, on various books of the O. Test., are best known" (Venn).
This sketch mentions a marriage which took place in Amsterdam between him and a widow named Marjorie Appleby. H.M. Dexter's Book "Congregationalism of the last Three Hundred Years", (1880) records in a foot note;
"I found on the Amsterdam records the record, authenticated by his autograph signature, of his intention of marriage, 29 March 1607, to Marjory Halie, from Ipswich, widow of Richard Appleby…Here Ainsworth describes himself as of Swanton, Eng., and as being 36 years of age. There are at least three Swanton's in England, two of which are within twelve miles of Norwich" (Dexter p 270).
So Henry Ainsworth of Swanton was born in 1570-71 and Henry Ainsworth of Pleasington in 1560.
The Signature of Henry Ainsworth
on his intention of Marriage to Marjorie Appleby.
Henry Ainsworth, died at Amsterdam in1622. One story of his death told by Daniel Neal in his book "History of the Puritans" 1643, Vol 2, says:
'His death, was sudden, and not without suspicion of violence; for it is reported that, having found a diamond of very great value in the streets of Amsterdam, he advertised it in print, and when the owner, who was a Jew, came to demand it, he offered him any acknowledgment he would desire; but Ainsworth, though poor would accept of nothing but a conference with some of his rabbi's upon the prophecies of the Old Testament relating to the Messiah, which the other promised, but not having interest enough to obtain it, 'tis thought that he was poisoned' Neal p 48.
another version is that the conference took place, and Ainsworth was poisoned by his defeated antagonists.
A more mundane version of his death given by Michael E. Moody in the "Oxford Dictionary of national Biography" who, quoting from "Certain Notes of M. Henry Ainsworth his Last Sermon" Staresmore, 1630 says the cause of death was "That sore perplexing and tedious disease of the stone."
This account of Henry's death is also used by George Miller and G.F. Eastwood
It is known that Henry Ainsworth had a son, John, who married at Leiden on the 24 December 1636. In the Correspondence of Dr. Worthington to Samuel Hartlib Dr Worthington mentions that he is trying to locate some MSS of Ainsworth and that he might have had a kinsman or son living at Amsterdam (Crossley).
Prior to researching this article, I had an open mind regarding the ancestry of the celebrated Henry Ainsworth, but my own conclusion now is that from the evidence I have found, although it is very sparse, points to Swanton Morley as Henry's place of birth and not Pleasington.
Abram, W.A. "A History of Blackburn, Town and Parish." 1877. Book.
Baines, E. "History of the County Palatine and Dutchy of Lancaster." Baines, E. History of the County Palatine and Dutchy of Lancaster Volume 3. 1834.
Crann Tara. "Lord Belhaven's Speech to Paliament 1706." Web. 20 June 2020.
Crossley. "Diary & Correspondence of Dr. John Worthington" Vol 1. Chetham Society, 1847. Book.
Dexter, H.M. "Congregationalism of the last Three Hundred Years." 1880. Book.
Eastwood, G.F. "A History of the Grammar School in Blackburn." 1967. Book.
Miller, George. "Blackburn Worthies of Yesterday." The Blackburn Society of Antiquaries, 1959. Book.
Neal, Daniel. "History of the Puritans." 1643. Book.
Venn, John. "Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College, 1349-1897" Vol. 1. Admissions 1349-1713", . 1897. Book.
Whittle, P.A. "Blackburn As it Is." 1852. Book.
Online Biography of Henry Ainsworth Showing all is Publcations
Photograph of All Saints Church copyright John Salmon, geograph.org.
back to top
Community History, Blackburn Central Library, Town Hall Street,
Blackburn. BB2 1AG
E-mail: library@blackburn.gov.uk
© Copyright Blackburn with Darwen Council, 2017


text:
Yesterday came suddenly
'The '60s are a decade on which people take sides'
Rick Salutin February 16 1981
Yesterday came suddenly Rick Salutin February 16 1981
Rick Salutin
I t sounds farfetched, but it's hard for me not to feel that the shot that killed John Lennon was fired at the heart of a decade—the 1960s. If the motives of Lennon's attacker are obscure, the symbolic significance of the event is not. A backlash, a vociferous counter-attack against what that decade represented, is under way.
Take the religious talk shows on TV. Among their favorite guests are repentant Sixties-ites. On comes the former art editor of High Times, the drug magazine. She describes the depravity of her ex-associates. She is followed by a singer who once starred in Hair, that paean to the '60s counterculture. Since 1971—the cursed decade having passed—he performs only in religious coffee houses. Like lapsed Catholics or ex-Communists, these people provide reassurance: I was there, they say, and if you think it was hell, you're right.
Or take Toronto's recent mayoral election. If there was a last gasp of the '60s, it seemed to be incumbent mayor John Sewell, riding his bike to work at city hall. The two issues that beat him were vintage '60s—in backlash. There was his conflict with the police, evocative of that antiauthoritarian time when cops were pigs; and there was his support of gay rights, transformed by a campaign of slander and innuendo, into charges and whispers that the mayor himself was gay. One alderman said,
"It was as though the sky opened and all the garbage in the world fell on Toronto." Perhaps, but it had been rotting up there since the days of Woodstock.
A year ago, Marshall McLuhan's colleagues at the University of Toronto voted to disband his Centre for Culture and Technology. McLuhanism had been another watchword of the '60s, just as universities were its storm centres. In those days many academics ground their teeth while students "disrupted" lectures and demanded "relevance" instead of grades. Today the former activists are losing the teaching posts they had won, courses in native rights and women's history are being dropped, and the academic establishment is starting to take its genteel revenge.
Author Myrna Kostash has written a book about the '60s in Canada. Reviews have been more of the decade than of the book. Kostash went on phone-in shows across the country with the question: are you for or against the '60s? "Layabouts and welfare bums," roared radio and television personality Jack Webster in Vancouver. "Sounds like a right-on decade to me," said a caller in Regina. Other decades receive characterizations, positive or negative. The '60s are an object of controversy, a decade on which people take sides!
Not that resentment against the '60s and what they represent is an invention of the '80s. Animosity was planted at
the time and has grown steadily ever since. Richard Nixon, antithesis of all the era stood for, was elected twice during those years. In Canada, on the other hand, we chose a leader supposed to incarnate the era. In reality he was that stodgiest of types, an aging swinger. But the perception of Pierre Trudeau as one more emblem of the '60s has played into the other sources creating frantic hostility against him in much of the country today. What has changed recently is not the deep resentment evoked by the '60s; it is the degree to which this feeling has surfaced.
And what is this backlash about? What creates the anger over the '60s? At bottom I would say it is about the threat of change, and the fear of change. The '60s were the most recent period during which belief in radical change was widespread. But the '60s were also unique. Other times— among the left of the 1930s, for example—the movement
for change took a fairly defined, rather strictly political form. The movement for change in the 1960s was all over the map. The politics were inchoate and fragmented and, as Kostash points out, there was an unprecedented admixture of culture and lifestyle questions, alongside the politics. It is precisely these cultural challenges—the hair, the drugs, the music, and so forth—that are most threatening to ordinary people contending with their lives. When connected to calls for political and
economic upheaval, the mix be¡2 comes volatile. It is not sur-
prising the reaction was strong uand lasting. During the '50s,
those pressing for change, regardless of their actual political views, were subjected to red-baiting. Red-baiting still exists here in the dawn of the '80s, but those advocating change are confronted with something new: '60s-baiting.
John Lennon stood, as well as anyone could, for that combination of cultural experimentation and vague left-wing politics that marked the '60s. Many of us who were shaped during those years were shaken more than we would have expected by his death. One friend said he even felt Lennon "died for all our sins"—a thought that would send a shudder of distaste through Lennon's cremated remains. It was Lennon, after all, who once remarked in an offhand way that the Beatles were more popular than Jesus Christ. But another friend was in a southern U.S. church that Sunday when the minister said, "This man's widow has asked us to join a vigil for his departed soul at 2 p.m. today." My friend felt grateful that her own sense of loss was shared until the minister added: "Poor woman. She doesn't realize it's too late to pray for that man—and all those like him." Well, as Phil Ochs, a '60s folk-singer and himself a tragic suicide, remarked in one of my favorite songs of those years, "Who's next?"
Rick Salutin is a playwright ("1837, Les Canadiens and Nathan Cohen: A Review,) and author.
Shadows of an ancient calling
February 1981 By Roy MacGregor
Life in the fast track
February 1981 By Matthew Fisher
February 1981 By MARSHA BOULTON
A terrible beauty
February 1981 By Hubert de Santana
DATELINE: PORTER, N.Y.
Living with 214 cans of chemical worms
February 1981 By Linda McQuaig
Retiring little old stereotypes
November 1982 By Robert Thomas Allen
How multiculturalism corrupts
November 1982 By Larry Zolf
War machines do not bring peace
November 1982 By John F. Godfrey
The Great Canadian History Robbery
April 1973 By RICK SALUTIN
CONFESSIONS OF A CAMP COUNSELOR
July 1975 By RICK SALUTIN
Hitler's haunting last laugh
October 1982 By Rick Salutin


text:
The Legacy of Utopian Design: Social Engagement in Design between Nudging and Freedom
03. Mai 2016, 19:00-20:30 Uhr (Kesselhaus)
Steven Dorrestijn, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands
My lecture will look to the past in order to reflect on the present and future. I will address the utopian aspirations in Arts and Crafts, New Objectivity, and Gute Form. Postmodernism is said to mean the end of grand utopian narratives. But it can also be claimed that with the abandoning of the modernistic utopian societal reform came a belief in freedom, liberalism, and adaptability of technology that is very different, but also utopian. What appears to have remained is a tension between constraint and freedom. Seeing through this tension may help to determine a balanced position about the social responsibility of designers.
Dr. Steven Dorrestijn is a senior researcher at Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands. In 2012 he completed his PhD thesis (The design of our own lives: Technical mediation and subjectivation after Michel Foucault) at the University of Twente. His research and publications focus on philosophy and ethics of technology.
Plakat_RPD_SoSe2016_web
Flyer_RPD_SoSe2016_web
10.03.2016 • SoSe2016
< Designing Politics – The Politics ...
> Design and Public Value


text:
package ycsb

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/intelsdi-x/swan/pkg/conf"
	"github.com/intelsdi-x/swan/pkg/executor"
	"github.com/intelsdi-x/swan/pkg/workloads/redis"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"strconv"
	"time"
)

const (
	name                               = "YCSB"
	defaultPathToBinary                = "ycsb"
	defaultWorkload                    = "com.yahoo.ycsb.workloads.CoreWorkload"
	defaultWorkloadRecordCount         = 100000
	defaultWorkloadReadAllFields       = true
	defaultWorkloadReadProportion      = "0.5"
	defaultWorkloadUpdateProportion    = "0.5"
	defaultWorkloadScanProportion      = "0.0"
	defaultWorkloadInsertProportion    = "0.0"
	defaultWorkloadRequestDistribution = "zipfian"
)

var (
	pathFlag                        = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_path", "Path to YCSB binary file.", defaultPathToBinary)
	workloadFlag                    = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload", "Name of YCSB workload", defaultWorkload)
	workloadRecordCountFlag         = conf.NewIntFlag("ycsb_workload_recordcount", "Workload record count.", defaultWorkloadRecordCount)
	workloadReadAllFieldsFlag       = conf.NewBoolFlag("ycsb_workload_readallfields", "Workload read all fields.", defaultWorkloadReadAllFields)
	workloadReadProportionFlag      = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload_readproportion", "Workload read proportion.", defaultWorkloadReadProportion)
	workloadUpdateProportionFlag    = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload_updateproportion", "Workload update proportion.", defaultWorkloadUpdateProportion)
	workloadScanProportionFlag      = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload_scanproportion", "Workload scan proportion.", defaultWorkloadScanProportion)
	workloadInsertProportionFlag    = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload_insertproportion", "Workload insert proportion.", defaultWorkloadInsertProportion)
	workloadRequestDistributionFlag = conf.NewStringFlag("ycsb_workload_requestdistribution", "Workload request distribution.", defaultWorkloadRequestDistribution)
)

type ycsb struct {
	executor executor.Executor
	config   Config
}

// Config is a config for the YCSB.
type Config struct {
	PathToBinary                string
	RedisHost                   string
	RedisPort                   int
	RedisClusterMode            bool // Redis cluster mode.
	Workload                    string
	WorkloadRecordCount         int
	WorkloadOperationCount      int64
	WorkloadReadAllFields       bool
	WorkloadReadProportion      float64
	WorkloadUpdateProportion    float64
	WorkloadScanProportion      float64
	WorkloadInsertProportion    float64
	WorkloadRequestDistribution string
	workloadCommand             string
}

// DefaultYcsbConfig is a constructor for YcsbConfig with default parameters.
func DefaultYcsbConfig() Config {

	workloadReadProportion, err := strconv.ParseFloat(workloadReadProportionFlag.Value(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		workloadReadProportion = 0.0
	}

	workloadUpdateProportion, err := strconv.ParseFloat(workloadUpdateProportionFlag.Value(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		workloadUpdateProportion = 0.0
	}

	workloadScanProportion, err := strconv.ParseFloat(workloadScanProportionFlag.Value(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		workloadScanProportion = 0.0
	}

	workloadInsertProportion, err := strconv.ParseFloat(workloadInsertProportionFlag.Value(), 64)
	if err != nil {
		workloadInsertProportion = 0.0
	}

	return Config{
		PathToBinary:                pathFlag.Value(),
		RedisHost:                   redis.IPFlag.Value(),
		RedisPort:                   redis.PortFlag.Value(),
		RedisClusterMode:            redis.ClusterFlag.Value(),
		Workload:                    workloadFlag.Value(),
		WorkloadRecordCount:         workloadRecordCountFlag.Value(),
		WorkloadReadAllFields:       workloadReadAllFieldsFlag.Value(),
		WorkloadReadProportion:      workloadReadProportion,
		WorkloadUpdateProportion:    workloadUpdateProportion,
		WorkloadScanProportion:      workloadScanProportion,
		WorkloadInsertProportion:    workloadInsertProportion,
		WorkloadRequestDistribution: workloadRequestDistributionFlag.Value(),
	}
}

// New is a contructor for YCSB.
func New(exec executor.Executor, config Config) executor.LoadGenerator {
	return ycsb{
		executor: exec,
		config:   config,
	}
}

// String return name of workload.
func (y ycsb) String() string {
	return name
}

func (y ycsb) Populate() (err error) {
	populateCmd := y.buildPopulateCommand()

	taskHandle, err := y.executor.Execute(populateCmd)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	_, err = taskHandle.Wait(0)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	exitCode, err := taskHandle.ExitCode()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if exitCode != 0 {
		return errors.Errorf("Redis population exited with code: %d on command: %s", exitCode, populateCmd)
	}

	return nil
}

// TODO: Implementation
func (y ycsb) Tune(slo int) (qps int, achievedSLI int, err error) {
	return 0, 0, nil
}

func (y ycsb) Load(qps int, duration time.Duration) (executor.TaskHandle, error) {

	loadCommand := y.buildLoadCommand()

	taskHandle, err := y.executor.Execute(loadCommand)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Execution of Ycsb Master Load failed. Command: %q", loadCommand)
	}

	return taskHandle, nil
}

func (y ycsb) buildPopulateCommand() string {

	cmd := fmt.Sprint(
		fmt.Sprintf("%s", y.config.PathToBinary),
		fmt.Sprint(" load redis -s"),
		fmt.Sprint(y.config.workloadCommand),
	)

	return cmd
}

func (y ycsb) buildLoadCommand() string {

	cmd := fmt.Sprint(
		fmt.Sprintf("%s", y.config.PathToBinary),
		fmt.Sprint(" run redis -s"),
		fmt.Sprint(y.config.workloadCommand),
	)

	return cmd
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Most of the time, you'll be looking to install a horizontal fence.
Most of the time, you'll be looking to install a horizontal fence. These fences are going to be made of wood, and even though fences made of other fences can be horizontal too, here are some reasons why you should pick a wooden one the next time you need a fence.
Wooden horizontal fences are also easy to install. You don't have to wait as long to improve the privacy of your property. It's so easy that you'll wonder why you didn't do it sooner, and many home and business owners will attempt to do it on their own. While this is possible, if you run into problems, don't hesitate to get in touch with the experts at Hercules Fence.
Wooden horizontal fences are also good for the environment. These fences feature preservatives and stabilizers that may sound at first as though they're not good for the environment. But these additives help prevent swelling and help the fence resist the effects of rot and insect invasion.
Compared to other types of fence, a horizontal wooden fence is much more affordable. All you need to take care of them is some water, cleaning solution, and a scrub brush.
Whether you're putting this fence up near a school, in new residential development, or around a business, these fences are great in many different settings.
This entry was posted on Friday, November 9th, 2018 at 10:11 pm. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


Through your use of our website, koalabamboo.com.au and our other websites (Websites), social media websites and pages and other communications with us, we may collect personal information about you.
What kinds of personal information does Koala Bamboo collect and hold?
The kinds of personal information that Koala Bamboo collects includes names, contact details and other information that is relevant to our functions and activities.
How does Koala Bamboo collect personal information?
What happens if you do not provide your personal information to Koala Bamboo?
Why does Koala Bamboo collect, use, hold and disclose your personal information?
Will Koala Bamboo disclose personal information to anyone else?
otherwise in accordance with the Act.
Where we sub-contract certain services only information necessary for the service provider to carry out their function will be provided and will be subject to confidentiality clauses in the relevant agreement or the suppliers privacy policies.
You may seek to access or correct your personal information at any time by contacting the Privacy Officer by email at privacy@koalabamboo.com.au or by mail to the 'Privacy Officer, Koala Bamboo Pty Ltd, PO BOX 5221, CHITTAWAY BAY NSW 2261.
You can send written complaints about a breach of the Australian Privacy Principles in relation to your personal information by email to privacy@koalabamboo.com.au or by mail to the "Privacy Officer", Koala Bamboo Pty Ltd, PO BOX 5221, CHITTAWAY BAY NSW 2261.
Complaints will be reviewed by Koala Bamboo's Privacy Officer and a response will usually be provided within 30 days of receipt of the complaint by Koala Bamboo.
If you believe that your complaint has not been satisfactorily addressed by Koala Bamboo, after following the procedure set out above, you can make a complaint to the Office of the Information Commissioner (OAIC). The OAIC's contact details are here – http://www.oaic.gov.au.
For more information about making a complaint, contact Koala Bamboo at privacy@koalabamboo.com.au.


text:
DecodeHer [rebroadcast] from Big Picture Science
From Big Picture Science - They were pioneers in their fields, yet their names are scarcely known - because they didn't have a Y chromosome. We examine the accomplishments of two women who pioneered code breaking and astronomy during the early years of the twentieth century and did so in the face of social opprobrium and a frequently hostile work environment. Henrietta Leavitt measured the brightnesses of thousands of stars and discovered a way to gauge the distances to galaxies, a development that soon led to the concept of the Big Bang. Elizabeth Friedman, originally hired to test whether William Shakespeare really wrote his plays, was soon establishing the science of code breaking, essential to success in the two world wars. Also, the tech industry is overwhelmingly male. Girls Who Code is an initiative to redress the balance by introducing girls to computer programming, and encouraging them to follow careers in tech. Guests: Jason Fagone - Author of "The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies" Lauren Gunderson - Playwright of Silent Sky, which is being performed all over the world, form the First Folio Theatre to the Repertory Philippines Reshma Saujani - Founder and CEO of Girls Who Code, and the author of "Brave, Not Perfect: Fear Less, Fail More, and Live Bolder"
DecodeHer [rebroadcast]
They were pioneers in their fields, yet their names are scarcely known - because they didn't have a Y chromosome. We examine the accomplishments of two women who pioneered code breaking and astronomy during the early years of the twentieth century and did so in the face of social opprobrium and a frequently hostile work environment. Henrietta Leavitt measured the brightnesses of thousands of stars and discovered a way to gauge the distances to galaxies, a development that soon led to the concept of the Big Bang. Elizabeth Friedman, originally hired to test whether William Shakespeare really wrote his plays, was soon establishing the science of code breaking, essential to success in the two world wars. Also, the tech industry is overwhelmingly male. Girls Who Code is an initiative to redress the balance by introducing girls to computer programming, and encouraging them to follow careers in tech. Guests: Jason Fagone - Author of "The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies" Lauren Gunderson - Playwright of Silent Sky, which is being performed all over the world, form the First Folio Theatre to the Repertory Philippines Reshma Saujani - Founder and CEO of Girls Who Code, and the author of "Brave, Not Perfect: Fear Less, Fail More, and Live Bolder"
More Episodes from Big Picture Science
Big Picture Science weaves together a universe of big ideas from robots to memory to antimatter to dinosaurs. Tune in and make contact with science.
Creature Discomforts (rebroadcast)
Okay you animals, line up: stoned sloths, playful pandas, baleful bovines, and vile vultures. We've got you guys pegged, thanks to central casting. Or do we? Our often simplistic view of animals ignores their remarkable adaptive abilities. Stumbly sloths are in fact remarkably agile and a...
Granting Immunity (rebroadcast)
"Diversity or die" could be your new health mantra. Don't boost your immune system, cultivate it! Like a garden, your body's defenses benefit from species diversity. Find out why multiple strains of microbes, engaged in a delicate ballet with your T-cells, join internal fungi in combatting...
Mars Attracts
Earth invades Mars in February. In a historic trifecta for space exploration, spacecraft of three countries will arrive at Mars, and for two of those it will be their first time at the Red Planet. We talk to the science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, a NASA engineer piloting the first...
Iron, Coal, Wood
Maybe you don't remember the days of the earliest coal-fired stoves. They changed domestic life, and that changed society. We take you back to that era, and to millennia prior when iron was first smelt, and even earlier, when axe-handles were first fashioned from wood, as we explore how three...
Skeptic Check: Shared Reality
One of the many shocking aspects of the Capitol attack was that it revealed how thoroughly the nation had cleaved into alternate realities. How did we get to this point? How did misinformation come to create beliefs embraced by millions? In this episode, experts in social media, cults, and the...
Supercomputer Showdown (rebroadcast)
Do you have a hard-to-answer question? The Summit, Sierra, Trinity, Frontier, and Aurora supercomputers are built to tackle it. Summit tops the petaflop heap - at least for now. But Frontier and Aurora are catching up as they take aim at a new performance benchmark called exascale. So why do...
Skeptic Check: Betting on Pseudoscience (rebroadcast)
Psychics may not be able to predict the future or sense your thoughts. Nonetheless, they rake in hundreds of millions of dollars every year. But the harm from pseudoscience can go far beyond your wallet - especially when it promotes unscientific treatments for serious disease. Find out what...
Headed for Trouble (rebroadcast)
The stone heads on Easter Island are an enduring mystery: why were they built and why were they abandoned and destroyed? The old ideas about cultural collapse are yielding to new ones based on careful investigation on the ground - but also from above. What surprising explanations have we found and...
For Good Measure (rebroadcast)
The reign of Le Grand K has come to an end. After 130 years, this hunk of metal sitting in a Parisian vault will no longer define the kilogram. The new kilogram mass will be defined by Planck's constant, joining three other units for redefinition by fundamental constants. But as we measure with...
Handling the Holidays (rebroadcast)
The stress of the holidays can make you want to hide under the covers with a warm cup of cocoa. From gift buying to family gatherings, the holidays can feel like being inside a pressure cooker. But don't despair! Science can help make the holidays a little brighter, from some gift-giving tips...


International Human Resources Development Corporation (IHRDC), a worldwide leader in oil and gas training and competency development, announced that the company has won a landmark contract to provide its training solutions to the operations, maintenance and integrity personnel employed by the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project (TANAP). IHRDC will provide a combined package of its training offerings including competency assessment and development services, CMS Online software, and its computer based training (e-Learning) that will include custom learning modules created specifically for the TANAP project.
The 10-month contract, represents a key component of the human capital development program and talent management strategy for the pipeline company's major infrastructure project. This pipeline will ultimately transport natural gas from Azerbaijan to the gateway of the European pipeline network in Greece, extending some 1850 kilometers via 48- and 56-inch diameter pipes. Construction of the pipeline began formally in March 2015 and is expected to be completed in 2018.
The goal of the project is to develop an effective competence management system for TANAP to assure the competency of its workforce and achieve mastery of the essential skills and knowledge required for their respective roles right from the initial selection interview through to promotion and long term development. IHRDC will establish pathways to superior performance in line with TANAP's operational requirements. To achieve this, IHRDC will deploy a package of competency-based development training plans, and learning solutions for the pipeline operator, including the IHRDC's CMS Online software. In addition, IHRDC will train TANAP's staff to ultimately run and manage the entire competency and development program in-house, ensuring a transfer of skills and the long-term sustainability of the program.
As part of this project, IHRDC training specialists will create curricula for each O&M discipline broken down into blocks of blended learning events based on the unique competency requirements for each position. Each block will contain one or more courses that will include instructor led classes, e-learning courses, and/or on- the-job training. While these curricula are based on IHRDC's commercially available O&M Pathways complete blended-learning program, CMS Online will enable IHRDC to customize the content to ensure the programs truly address TANAP's specific competency objectives.
IHRDC has been providing competency management services for clients for more than three decades – defining the skills that apply to particular job roles and implementing these occupational requirements to ensure workforce effectiveness and enhanced organizational performance.
The company has gained widespread recognition for its strategic approach to competency-based training, which combines a methodology to carry out competency assessments; the subject matter experts to be able to write competency materials, assess staff and create individual development plans; an industry-specific competency library; and the software solution to support the methodology. In recent years, IHRDC has developed turn-key and customizable blended learning curricula that have been developed to accelerate the time to competence of industry new-hires.
International Human Resources Development Corporation (www.ihrdc.com) has been a global leader in training and competency management for the oil and gas industry for more than 45 years, offering the best Instructional Programs, e-Learning and Knowledge Solutions, and Competency Management products and services available to the industry today. The company is headquartered in Boston, USA with offices in Houston, London, Amsterdam, Abu Dhabi, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, and Lagos.
IHRDC is the proud three-time recipient of the "Petroleum Industry Training Provider of the Year Award" from the Getenergy organization, the 2014 and 2016 recipient of IMA Best In Class Award, the 2011 Platinum AVA Award, 18 Telly Awards, and the 2003 Corporate Award for Excellence in Distance Learning Programming.
TANAP Project will bring natural gas produced from Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz-2 gas field, and other areas of the Caspian Sea, to Turkey and Europe. The TANAP Project, along with the South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP) and the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) form the elements of the Southern Gas Corridor.


¿Y qué pinta la salud en todo esto?
¿Qué derechos para los pescadores?
With fishing, just as with agriculture, Slow Food strongly believes that every individual can contribute to change. The International Slow Fish campaign promotes artisanal fishing and neglected fish species, and inspires reflection on the state and management of sea resources.
Choosing good, clean and fair fish, we can all allow ourselves to take pleasure at the table and at the same time push the market towards a responsible management of seafood resources.


text:
FAREWELL TO A PIONEERING BLACK NEWSPAPER EDITOR
November 6, 2016 December 3, 2016 gthelen
To the end, Al Johnson remained true to form. Always "Just Al being Al."
Al was a Black newspaper editor living modestly but proudly in a mostly White man's newspaper world.
Physically imposing, fashionably dressed, a bit of an innocent flirt, and always that big grin–he came across as an editor fully at ease with himself. "Just Al being Al."
He seemed to glide through life.
He cared for his staff, was emotionally available, was deeply loyal to the institution he served, and was committed to delivering even the most complicated story.
Albert Lee Johnson had a big heart – a heart that betrayed him, that delivered a heart attack while Al was in his 40s, that gave out while he was in his 60s. That big heart needed replacement. The doctors told him that finding a new heart would be difficult.
They said his only real chance for the new heart was to hang out and wait at Duke Hospital. So he did, for a full year. He moved to Durham, haunted the halls, made friends easily and finally got that new heart.
Life's unfairness visited a second time. The new heart began to fail. Al's kidneys buckled under the stress. Then came kidney dialysis, and finally cancer.
This proud man decided he could not beat all three. That would impose even more stress on his wife Barbara and his close family. He quietly ceased all treatments and declined to see visitors.
The occasion of his memorial service November 5 in Greensboro brought a dozen editors from across the region to pay final tribute.
Being Al meant wearing the clothes of "first black (fill in the blank)" with dignity and modesty. He did that for Knight-Ridder newspapers, the American City Business Journals and the National Association of Black Journalists.
Others might be better word editors, more skilled managers, and more assertive agenda setters. But Al was a total package, always on station to deliver results. Al being Al.
I knew Al when we were both editors at The Charlotte Observer. Cool Al who smoked Kool cigarettes, perhaps once too often.
Al was my teammate as we tried with some success to make the local news team a caring bunch, a cadre of reporters and editors who looked forward to coming to work each day to produce a newspaper that customers looked forward to reading. Our aim was to build the Observer into an innovative and formidable force for good in the central Carolinas.
Charlotte in the '70s and '80s was a rather ordinary community with a dynamic and growing newspaper. Today Charlotte is a dynamic and energetic Metropolis with a quite ordinary, and in fact declining, newspaper. It's cheap irony but true.
That dynamic newspaper of 30 years ago sent it's best talent around the country to produce journalism of the highest order.
We who were there will never forget the fantastic ride we had with people like Al Johnson.
May God rest his beautiful soul.
Tagged Al Johnson, Charlotte Observer, Editor, Newspaper editor
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This copy shows the entry on 21-Apr-2019 at 15:08:38.
TG 2308 SW CASTLE MEADOW (west side) 23/130 5.6.72 Nos. 1 to 3 and 3B (consec) GV II Hotel with shops at ground floor. Red brick and pantile roof. 3 storeys. 11 irregularly spaced 2nd floor windows. C20 ground floor facade with flat porch above hotel entrance. Sash windows with flat arches and glazing bars except in first floor left-hand 4 windows. 2 C20 casements in original openings at right-side, 2nd floor. Small bracket cornice. 5 flat-roof dormers.


text:
M. M. Keeravani
also known as Koduri Keeravaani, Maragatha Mani, M. M. Kreem, Koduri Maragatha Mani Keeravaani, Keeravani
Born: Jul 04, 1961, Kovvur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Koduri Marakathamani Keeravaani, better known as M.M. Keeravani is an Indian film composer and playback singer who is known for his works in the Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam cinema. The veteran star is a winner of several prestigious awards including a National Film Award for Best Music Director, six Filmfare Awards, a Tamil Nadu State Film Award and eight Nandi Awards has recorded most of his songs with the stalwart singers S.P. Balasusubramanyam and K.S. Chithra made debut with Manasu Mamatha (1990). In a career spanning nearly two decades, the veteran has worked in more than 50 films across different languages. His 2017 releases include Baahubali: The Conclusion, an Indian epic history film directed by S.S Rajamouli. His 2018 ventures include Juvva, Brahmanda Nayagan and Missing. His 2019 releases includes the biographical drama NTR: Kathanayakudu and its sequel NTR: Mahanayakudu.
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma-The King of Travancore
Samraat (Telugu)
Born: Nov 08, 1947
K. J. Yesudas
Born: Jan 10, 1940
Born: Aug 02, 1979
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Born: Jun 04, 1946
Srivalli Keeravaani


text:
Q: Choose unique stylesheet for a single page with php My question is: is it possible to have different stylesheets on the same website? I'm already aware that its possible to link several stylesheets to each other but that isn't quite what I'm looking for. My goal is to make it possible for a logged in administrator to edit a stylesheet that only affects the look of the start page.
The website uses php for connecting the pages to one another and the links to the stylesheets are located in the header.php document:
<?php if(isset($_SESSION['stylesheet'])): ?>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/<?php echo $_SESSION['stylesheet']; ?>">

<?php else: ?>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/stylesheet.css" title="General stylesheet">

<?php endif; ?>

Would it be possible to modify this code so that an alternative stylesheet controls the look of the front page exclusively?

A: According to your comment that the start page has a variable $pageId with the value hem you can include a stylesheet exclusively to the start page by adding
if($pageId == "hem") {
    echo '<link rel="stylesheet" href="path/to/stylesheet/for/startpage.css">';
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ALRP is proud to have received BALIF's Legal Service Award in our 30th year. ALRP's longtime relationship with BALIF goes back to our founding in 1983 by a handful of BALIF members, including Carl Wolf and Fred Hertz.
Law clerk positions are available immediately for law students interested in working on behalf of people living with HIV/AIDS.
ALRP is pleased to announce the launch of a new quarterly e-newsletter. Please confirm that you are on our email list.
Clients and attorneys, please take Lambda Legal's short survey on LGBT/HIV contact with police, prison, courts, and schools.


I would love that!! Thank you!!
Please reply with your name and country name. Its needed to featured your post .
Okay, the best line I ever read in here was, "his momma raised no fool." This got me dying haha happy wife means a happy life.
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