text:
Why words are the new numbers
The coming revolution in data analysis
Amy Merrick | Mar 17, 2015
We use language to describe, instruct, argue, praise, woo, debate, joke, gossip, relate, compare, reassure, berate, suggest, appease, threaten, discuss, forgive, respond, propose, inspire, complain, interject, boast, agree, soothe, harangue, confess, question, imply, express, verify, interrupt, lecture, admonish, report, direct, explain, persuade.
Every day, we express ourselves in 500 million tweets and 64 billion WhatsApp messages. We perform more than 250 million searches on eBay. On Facebook, 864 million of us log in to post status updates, comment on news stories, and share videos.
Researchers have recognized something in all this text: data. Aided by powerful computers and new statistical methods, they are dissecting newspaper articles, financial analyst reports, economic indicators, and Yelp reviews. They are parsing fragments of language, encountering issues of syntax, tone, and emotion—not to mention emoticons—to discern what we are saying, what we mean when we say it, and what the relationship is between what we say and what we do.
They are making new discoveries. Businesses may be able to learn about a product defect before anyone calls customer service. Economists could pinpoint the start of a financial crisis and determine which policy remedies are most effective. Political junkies can use text to understand why the phrase "mashed potato" boded ill for Newt Gingrich's presidential aspirations—and learn from that, too. Investors can also benefit from analyzing text.
"In econometrics textbooks, data arrives in 'rectangular' form, with N observations and K variables, and with K typically a lot smaller than N," write Liran Einav and Jonathan D. Levin for the National Bureau of Economic Research, in their survey of how economists are using big data. In contrast to those simple textbook models, text data—where observations might be tweets, or phrases from the Congressional Record—are unstructured. They have what researchers call "high dimensionality," meaning there can be a huge number of variables, and an enormous number of ways to organize them in a form that can be analyzed.
With the advent of cloud computing, the data can be stored on thousands or millions of machines. It's an engineering feat simply to ensure that all those computers are communicating properly with one another. Einav and Levin suggested in 2013 that economists must begin to study computer-programming languages and machine-learning algorithms if they hope to tackle cutting-edge questions. Two years later, researchers are increasingly doing just that.
Newspapers reveal their biases
One of the pioneers of text analysis is Matthew Gentzkow, Richard O. Ryan Professor of Economics and Neubauer Family Faculty Fellow at Chicago Booth, who first became interested as a graduate student in using text analysis to tease out the economics of the media industry. An important vein of his research seeks to uncover economic reasons behind seemingly ideological choices, such as whether newspapers choose political affiliations to differentiate from their competitors, or whether papers in markets that skew politically liberal or conservative tend to use the words and phrases favored by their readers. Gentzkow's work won him the 2014 John Bates Clark Medal, given annually to the American economist under age 40 whom a committee of the American Economic Association deems has made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.
He began developing his ideas about the economics of media—and about the process of text analysis—just as technology was beginning to give researchers far more access to text, through online databases and internet archives that could be analyzed with keyword searches and other methods. "I realized there was a ton of data for this industry that people hadn't really exploited before," he says. It wasn't for lack of trying: as recently as the early 1990s, researchers used a laborious process to transform text into a usable data set. Frequently, graduate students assisting in research projects burrowed through stacks of newspapers and checked off every time a word was used in an article. Their work revealed interesting patterns, but even with this monastic devotion, they could analyze only a small number of newspapers in a year, compared with the number available.
Within a few years, economists had gained access to databases of newspaper articles, as well as scanners that use optical character recognition, which allowed them to digitize hard copies of sources such as, say, newspaper directories dating to the 19th century. Researchers also began to hire people in inexpensive labor markets, including India, to combine optical character recognition with hand searches. The work was still tedious and painstaking—but it was speeding up.
Computers can obviously read text far faster than humans can. But unlike humans, they have to be taught to infer meaning. A researcher trying to teach a machine to do this must provide enough examples, over and over, of how to categorize certain patterns, until the computer can begin to classify the text itself. Think of your email spam filter, which learns from the messages you choose to block. Each time you mark an email as spam, you give the filter a new example that helps it become more accurate.
When Gentzkow and Brown University's Jesse M. Shapiro wanted to measure evidence of media slant in newspapers, they did something similar. To classify newspapers as Republican or Democratic, they started with a body of training text comprising a sample set of articles, and searched for political buzzwords and phrases, such as "death tax" and "undocumented worker," to see which were widespread.
Gentzkow and Shapiro had originally thought they could train the computer using the political platforms produced by each party. But that didn't work due to idiosyncratic differences in the platform text that had nothing to do with partisanship. Using the text of presidential debates didn't work, either. But around the same time Gentzkow and Shapiro were working on this puzzle, Tim Groseclose and Jeffrey Milyo, researchers at UCLA and the University of Missouri, respectively, were searching the Congressional Record to count how many times Republicans and Democrats cited particular think tanks in their congressional speeches, and comparing their counts to how often certain newspapers cited those think tanks.
Influenced by that work, Gentzkow and Shapiro decided to train their computer on the Congressional Record, which captures all the official proceedings and debates of Congress. They wrote computer scripts to scrape all the text from the searchable database. Research assistants, the unsung heroes of text analysis, organized those messy chunks of text in a process Gentzkow compares to painstakingly reconstructing fragments of DNA.
Because the record identifies each speaker, the researchers trained the computer program to recognize the differences in rhetoric between elected Republicans and Democrats. The next step, Gentzkow explains, was to examine the overall news content of a newspaper to determine, "If this newspaper were a speech in Congress, does it look more like a Republican or a Democratic speech?"
To do that, Gentzkow and Shapiro identified how often politically charged phrases occurred in different newspapers in 2005. They constructed an index of media slant and compared it with information about the political preferences of the papers' readers and the political leanings of their owners. The aim was to find out if the Washington Post, for example, primarily reports the slant preferred by its owner (currently Amazon chief executive Jeff Bezos) or responds to the biases of its customers.
Ultimately, the researchers find that customer demand—measured by circulation data that show the politics of readers in a particular zip code—accounted for a large share of the variation in slant in news coverage, while the preferences of owners accounted for little or none. Gentzkow and Shapiro conclude that newspapers use certain terms because readers prefer them, not because the paper's owner dictates them.
In another study, Gentzkow, Booth PhD student Nathan Petek, Shapiro, and Wharton's Michael Sinkinson examined thousands of pages of old newspaper directories—including more than 23,000 pages of text—to determine whether political parties in the late 19th and early 20th centuries influenced the press, measured by the number of newspapers supporting each party, and the newspapers' size and content.
The era they examine, 1869 to 1928, gives plenty of reason to believe that politicians were manipulating the media for their own advantage. Into the 1920s, half of US daily newspapers were explicitly affiliated with a political party. State officeholders gave printing contracts to loyal newspapers and bailed out failing ones that shared their political agenda.
The researchers note whether each newspaper reported a Republican or Democratic affiliation. They also looked at subscription prices, because papers that were more popular with readers would have been able to charge more. Did Republican newspapers increase in number and circulation when control of a state governorship or either house of the state legislature switched from Democratic to Republican?
In the researchers' sample, political parties had no significant impact on the political affiliations of the newspapers, with one notable exception: the Reconstruction South. In nearly all of the places where Republicans controlled state government for an extended time, Republican newspapers reached a meaningful share of both daily and weekly circulation while Republicans were in power. Republican shares of weekly circulation rose to 50 percent or more in Arkansas, Florida, and Louisiana while Republicans were in control. But Republicans' share declined sharply in those states and elsewhere when Democrats regained power.
"Even if market forces discipline government intervention in most times and places, this does not prevent governments from manipulating the press when the market is particularly weak and the political incentives are especially strong," Gentzkow, Petek, Shapiro, and Sinkinson write.
Another study by Gentzkow and his coauthors, in which they again examine newspapers' political affiliations and circulation figures, suggests that market competition increases newspapers' ideological diversity. They also find, separately, that the popular notion of an internet "echo chamber," where people segregate themselves by ideology, has been overblown. Writing in 2011, Gentzkow and Shapiro assert that most online news consumption is dominated by a small number of websites that express relatively centrist political views. In fact, people segregate themselves according to politics much less online than they do in face-to-face interactions with neighbors or coworkers.
Other researchers are using large-scale text analysis to parse bodies of language ranging from financial statements and company documents to eBay product descriptions to the Google Books corpus, Gentzkow says. "It seems like [text analysis] is going to keep getting bigger as the methodology improves."
Rummaging in a 'bag of words
People have been devising increasingly sophisticated ways to analyze text for at least 50 years. In 1963, Frederick Mosteller of Harvard and David L. Wallace of the University of Chicago used a simple form of text analysis to determine the authorship of 12 of the Federalist papers, published anonymously in 1787 and 1788. At the time, historians agreed about who authored most of the 85 papers, but they disputed whether Alexander Hamilton or James Madison wrote these 12 articles.
Working by hand, the researchers counted words in papers known to be written by Hamilton and Madison, comparing rates per thousand for the common words "also," "an," and "because." It was more difficult to use context-rich words such as "war," because those words depended more on the subject of the paper than on its author. Instead, the researchers looked for these noncontextual words, whose frequency of usage didn't depend on the topic. They found that Madison used "also" twice as often as Hamilton, while Hamilton used "an" more frequently than Madison.
Mosteller and Wallace created mathematical models to fit their data points and used Bayes' rule, a theorem for updating the probability of a particular event given additional information. Examining the disputed Federalist papers, they concluded that Madison likely wrote all of them. "We were surprised that in the end, it was the utterly mundane high-frequency words that did the best job," they wrote.
Today, text analysis is evolving from this relatively simple model to sophisticated regressions involving multiple variables. As the scope of the process expands, researchers and business managers are constructing increasingly lifelike models of communication, with more of the detail and nuance we expect from human conversation.
Some of the complex statistical methods that are driving Gentzkow's and other researchers' analyses originate with Matt Taddy, associate professor of econometrics and statistics and Neubauer Family Faculty Fellow at Chicago Booth. At heart, text analysis is still a practice of counting words—or "tokens," in statisticians' parlance—and using those counts to make predictions about the speaker or author. Generally, researchers count tokens using what they call a "bag-of-words" approach. Imagine a bag containing all the words in a document or speech, without any context or sentence structure. Someone reaches into the bag and randomly pulls out some words, each of which has a specific probability of appearing in the document. Those probabilities, in turn, are determined by characteristics that are unique to the speaker, such as the person's political affiliation.
The bag-of-words concept might seem simplistic, but it's how researchers and businesses learn all kinds of useful variables about the author of a body of text, as Mosteller and Wallace did with the Federalist papers, or Gentzkow and Shapiro did with their analysis of newspapers' slant. One common application of the bag-of-words approach is to predict sentiment. In its most basic form, this means researchers use word counts of product reviews, for example, to predict whether the authors feel positive, negative, or neutral about the subject of the text.
Taddy, taking sentiment analysis one step further, created a statistical method that dissects a bit of language—it might be a tweet, or a Yelp review, or a congressman's speech—and combines it with other data to suggest, among other things, the person's attitude toward the subject. "Typically, people were fairly limited in saying, 'Was this word occurring when this person was happy or sad?'" Taddy says of earlier models. "Now, let's take the language and say that it's a function of not only whether you were happy or sad, but also how much you spend, whom you associate with, what other languages you tend to use."
Analyzing tweets posted during the 2012 US Republican presidential primaries, Taddy sought to understand how the language used might predict how the tweet's author felt about a particular candidate. He found that when a word or phrase suddenly took on a different meaning, it signaled something significant about public perception of a candidate.
"The words 'mashed potato' had a big negative connotation for Newt Gingrich, and we went into the data to figure out why," he says. "It turns out that [comedian] Dane Cook had a joke about how Newt Gingrich's head looked like a mashed potato, and it had gone viral. There were variations on mashed-potato-Newt all over the place, and they tended to be negative." For business, this could have useful application: there could be money to be made by tracking how language and sentiment changes in fast-moving events.
In his research, Taddy has had to deliberately limit the choices in that random bag of words—by removing very rare words; cutting words to their roots, or "stemming"; removing irrelevant tokens ("if," "and," "but," "who"); converting words to lowercase; and dropping punctuation. But the more he simplifies language, the more he risks removing something meaningful. Emoticons, for example, resemble punctuation, but they convey useful information about the mood of a person writing a tweet or email.
As statistics has evolved to take advantage of increased computing power, Taddy has had to simplify less, and social scientists and business managers can learn more. For example, in the past he might have stemmed the words "taxes" and "taxation" to "tax," despite their slightly different meanings. Now those distinctions can be captured.
"We learn as much as we can about a simple model, then we start bringing in complexity piece by piece," Taddy explains.
His approach is helping assess what people buy, what videos they watch, how they will review a product, what groups they belong to, and whom they email. Using sentiment prediction, businesses can uncover problems quickly. Taddy cites a recent example of a company (he can't disclose the name) that learned through complaints on Twitter that some of its spray cans in one region of the United States were malfunctioning. By analyzing the text of the tweets and the locations of the Twitter users, the business was able to quickly trace the problem to a plug in an injection mold at a single factory.
In a study of restaurant reviews on the now-defunct website We8There, Taddy developed a method to tease out which words were connected with certain attributes of the restaurant. For example, "both 'dark' and 'well lit' were associated with good ambiance," he says. "Dim sum, Chinese, and Mexican were associated with value propositions, while steak was highly associated with quality."
In another study, Taddy used data that Yelp, which publishes business reviews, made available from reviews in the Phoenix area, to predict which reviews the website's users would find most useful. When a new review comes in, Yelp can use the prediction formula to decide whether to put it at the top of its website.
To train a computer to analyze the reviews, Taddy relied on Yelp's existing system that allows users to rate reviews as funny, useful, or cool. He analyzed the text of the reviews to predict which ones had useful content, and he found that long-time reviewers tended to be more positive. In instances where two reviews had identical content, the user who had been on the website longer was likely to have given a higher star rating. "One theory is that reviewers who are more into the Yelp community tend to give more positive reviews because they interact with the vendors, they go to Yelp parties, and so on," Taddy suggests. Their feelings of belonging to the group might influence their ratings.
Measuring uncertainty and crisis
To an outsider, this blend of computer science and social science can make answering research questions seem as simple as feeding inputs to a computer. But the computer in question still needs a lot of guidance: humans have to choose what questions they want to answer and how to approach them. And some questions—including some large questions in macroeconomics—still need a lot of hands-on work.
For example, is uncertainty about government action hampering economic growth? To find out, Steven J. Davis, William H. Abbott Professor of International Business and Economics at Chicago Booth, Northwestern's Scott R. Baker, and Stanford's Nicholas Bloom use online newspaper archives and a phalanx of research assistants to maintain an index of economic policy uncertainty.
To determine whether newspapers cited policy uncertainty more often at certain times, such as when the US Congress was fighting in 2011 about whether to raise the debt ceiling, research assistants read newspaper articles and rated whether they discussed economic policy uncertainty. The researchers compared the human results with automated responses from a computer, and tweaked the computer program accordingly, to increase its accuracy. When the team decided to extend the index back in time to include newspapers dating from 1888, they ran into problems. "The word 'economy' didn't come into modern usage until the 1930s," Davis points out. "If you read a reference to 'economy' in 1910, it would probably be an article on how to run your household or your farm efficiently." So the researchers created an expanded set of search terms, including "industry," "commerce," and "business."
Davis, Baker, and Bloom have constructed their economic uncertainty index for 11 countries, allowing them to make comparisons—and to raise new questions. For example, the US has shown a significant increase in uncertainty since the 1980s, while the UK has not, even though the two countries have many similarities.
In addition, the researchers are developing a separate project that examines how newspapers explain big daily moves—2.5 percent or more—of stock markets in various countries. Insights from that project could help economists understand what policies cause economies to fluctuate, and why markets seem to move in tandem around the world.
Christina D. Romer and David H. Romer, economics professors at the University of California, Berkeley, also used lower-tech methods of text analysis to study the effects of financial crises. To create a consistent measure of a crisis, the Romers read excerpts from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's economic outlook reports, looking for instances when analysts indicated that credit supply was disrupted and financing was becoming harder to secure. From these reports, they also dated the start of financial crises in advanced countries and created a scale to rate the severity of each crisis.
"One of the frustrations I've had with the literature [on financial crises] is that it tends to lump together things that may be very different," says Christina Romer, the former chair of the US Council of Economic Advisers. "A collapse in asset prices can affect the economy, but that's different from your financial system getting into trouble, and that's also very different from businesses or households facing bankruptcies."
The Romers find, contrary to other economists, that aftermaths of financial crises in most advanced economies, with the exception of Japan, have not been that enduring or severe.
If that's the case, economists need to look more closely at why the most recent global financial crisis was so devastating, producing the worst worldwide recession since World War II, according to the International Monetary Fund. The Romers deliberately excluded this event from the time period they studied, because it was so much larger than other recent economic downturns that it would have skewed the results. But they argue that their findings could suggest lessons for policymakers studying the most recent crisis. If particular responses (such as austerity measures) delayed recovery, politicians might avoid making the same mistakes next time, Christina Romer suggests.
Researchers who use text analysis to address policy questions in macroeconomics, such as the Romers, and Davis, Baker, and Bloom, are following in the tradition of the late Milton Friedman of the University of Chicago and the late Anna J. Schwartz of the National Bureau of Economic Research, who read the diaries of the head of the Federal Reserve and other textual sources to write their 1963 book A Monetary History of the United States. Friedman and Schwartz argued that changes in the money supply have a dramatic effect on the US economy. Their studies of the diaries, a precursor to modern text analysis, helped them understand the reasons the money supply moved, and so separate times when it fell because the economy was weakening from times when it was having an independent effect on the economy.
Economists and other social scientists are overcoming their wariness of words—once seen as too variable, ambiguous, and unwieldy. Having taken irregular bodies of text and turned the contents into quantities that can be sampled and analyzed systematically, they are now looking beyond numbers to find data.
And we are contributing a flood of text to help them better understand human behavior. In the next few years, internet-connected devices such as Amazon's new Echo, which responds to voice commands in the home, could provide researchers even more language-based data about how people live, work, and spend their money. Powerful computers will process and package those data more quickly and conveniently. Text analysis is beginning to provide insights that would have been impossible to reach a few decades ago. It also creates the space for an entirely new set of questions, which will occupy the next generation of researchers.
Scott R. Baker, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty," Working paper, May 2013.
Liran Einav and Jonathan D. Levin, "The Data Revolution and Economic Analysis," NBER working paper, May 2013.
Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Matthew Gentzkow, Nathan Petek, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson, "Do Newspapers Serve the State? Incumbent Party Influence on the US Press, 1869–1928," Journal of the European Economic Association, February 2015.
Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro, "Ideological Segregation Online and Offline," Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 2011.
_____, "What Drives Media Slant? Evidence from US Daily Newspapers," Econometrica, January 2010.
Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson, "Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers," American Economic Review, October 2014.
Tim Groseclose and Jeffrey Milyo, "A Measure of Media Bias," Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 2005.
Frederick Mosteller and David L. Wallace, "Inference in an Authorship Problem: A Comparative Study of Discrimination Methods Applied to the Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers," Journal of the American Statistical Association, June 1963.
Christina D. Romer and David H. Romer, "New Evidence on the Impact of Financial Crises in Advanced Countries," Working paper, November 2014.
Matt Taddy, "Distributed Multinomial Regression," Working paper, November 2013.
_____, "Measuring Political Sentiment on Twitter: Factor Optimal Design for Multinomial Inverse Regression," Technometrics, November 2013.
_____, "Multinomial Inverse Regression for Text Analysis," Journal of the American Statistical Association, September 2013. Chart reprinted with permission from Taylor & Francis. Copyright 2013.
How Piketty is wrong—and right
Do quotas for corporate boards help women advance?


text:
By Disarray on July 2, 2010 • ( Leave a comment )
The Rock Rolls No Longer; Did It Ever?
Disclaimer. The views expressed herein are solely the author's and not necessarily those of Disarray Magazine.
I fear that this piece will be the meandering mental wanderings of a has been that never was. I shudder at the thought of the outcries that may come upon publishing of such a harsh and critical screed upon the fate of the once great Warped Tour. Sitting here full of Wild Turkey and beer, I really don't want to be the one who does it. I don't want to be the harbinger of bad news. Like a doctor in the wee hours of the graveyard shift, do I have to be the one to emerge from the OR covered in blood and a face suddenly aged by regret under emotionless fluorescent lights to deliver the bad news to the family awaiting a miracle glimmering off the sliver of light at the end of the unfeeling tunnel; time of death, 12pm, Sunday June 27th, 2010. DOA.
Yes, I did it, and I don't want to hear jeers from the peanut gallery about it, the Warped Tour was dead when she arrived in Ventura, CA; there was nothing we could do. It's not her fault. The Warped Tour, the beauty that she once was, is a rape victim of the whimsical tastes of the listening public and their penchant for gut bucket "rock" and the trappings of popular culture; especially in the vainest of states, California.
With my second consecutive year of attendance I can unequivocally say that the Warped Tour has died under her own weight. At the ripe age of sixteen the perennial sacrificial tour to the gods of punk rock died the death of a Taiwanese hooker past her prime; in a dark alley behind a noodle stand at the corner of "Past Tense" and "Who Cares." Her death will be mourned by those with even the foggiest glimmer of a memory of her finest hours as a clumsy toddler taking her first steps in her first years. Those old enough will recall when she actually commanded the attention of the music industry and the public at large with chart topping bands and earth shattering shows that stood as a testament to the hard and fast living that was rock music. Those same people can wax nostalgic about the days when the bands were hardcore and their complexity was deafening, even in silence.
It is not that the Warped Tour sold out; far from it. Sure there are massive multi-national corporation sponsors and even a tent dedicated to registering voters as Libertarians; no, I'm not fucking kidding about that. (I mean what other venue is rife with more misguided and impressionable anarchy than the Warped Tour? Savvy, Libertarians, savvy.) It is the fault of a fickle public and the next generation of identity starved misanthropes that swallowed the red pill rank and file and believed that what they were listening to was some semblance of "Rock Music." As time has passed, those attending the wayward Warped Tour have no recollection of the bands that once graced the myriad of stages erected in the dead of night to offer homage to the music iconoclast of Rock that once was, in the glaring and judgmental gleam of day. Today what passes for rock music on the tour is a far cry from the bands that once populated the stages of Warped as a simple right of passage more than a stepping stone to infamy.
I attended the 2010 Warped Tour and what I bore witness to was nothing more than a menagerie of bands that seemed to only pose as rock bands, for the most part, and those that seemed to have been all too wiling to pander to the head nodding tastes of the music public at large. Very few amongst those on display could count themselves as truly Punk Rock; the original moniker attached to all the bands that have played this once great event. What stands more clearly today, head and shoulders above the rest, is a nauseating amalgam of all different genre types mashed in to one bill of sale that the youth of today are buying up at $35 a pop. What you will see on this tour is nothing greater than "alternative rock," pop rock," and the ever popular "electro rock." Few and far between are those that can wear punk rock as a badge of honor like they fought in Vietnam. Those "punk rock" bands, on the whole, are those that have been around on the scene longer than most of the headliners have been alive. I dare any one of the bands with an average age of under thirty to tell me a story of the last hotel room they left in such a state that contractors needed to be called in after their stay to get it back to rentable condition.
No, today we have younger and younger bands, some not even out of high school billing themselves as the thing the sell-outs should fear; yet they wear the same uniform as the rest of them. The uniform was clear and potable on the day here in little Ventura, Calif. It consists of cheap shades, expensively cheap looking shirts, and "skinny" jeans. This uniform was of course for sale in all it's glory at the tour as well. You could get your sunglasses at one booth, your quintessential band t-shirt at any number of booths, as well as any hemp-based accessories at any other booth. My greatest interest of the day was along the main drag where not thirty feet from a booth selling Bob Marley shirts with a massive pot leaf emblazoned over his face, was the "Truth Wagon" trying to enlighten people about the dangers of tobacco through a series of offensively immature games like Simon Says and karaoke diatribes to "Oasis" ballads. Conflicting? Maybe. Odd? Definitely.
How else could this homage to a self once worth preserving sell out? We've already sold out to pop-rock, is there anything worse than that? Well, when I see a line formed thirty deep at the Kia tent to win a free car or some shit, all I see are teens signing away all their pertinent information for the off-chance they might win a car they don't make enough money to pay the taxes on. For a tour put on by "the man" to fight the system these kids will do just about anything, like play in to the hands of snake oil salesman, to get some shit for free. It's as if the pre-pubescent teens that make up the majority of attendees don't even see the irony in what they are doing. I am torn between whether the youth today actually see the irony in their own actions or whether they just don't care of the hypocrisy they exhibit every day. You won't buy new clothes because that's for suckers but you will spend $75 on a "vintage" shirt at Buffalo Exchange because it is retro? Irony abound and yet no one seems to even bat an eye at the ludicrousness of it anymore.
Maybe all this criticism comes form a dark and ugly place inside me that yearns for my once endless youth. I doubt it though. Rock 'n' Roll died in the Eighties, and as far as I can tell Rock Music died in the late Nineties. With these facts present the Warped Tour has had to adjust to the whims of the nation, leading to a drop in chart topping name recognition. I mean look at the Billboard charts today; who is ruling the music world? People like Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, and Ke$ha; is it any wonder that the promoters of the Warped Tour have had to reach deeper and deeper in to the musical coffers to find any semblance of rock talent? Genuine "Rock" is harder to find than virginity in public high schools and yet we still try and put on a national punk rock tour; the audacity of us. With Rock falling from the graces of mainstream music there aren't great bands willing to lower themselves to the level the Warped Tour has sunk to; been there, did that. It is now populated by those using it as a way to steal a rung on their way up to mediocrity or those hoping to pause a moment on the ladder on their way down.
Wow, this is not where I wanted to go with this piece when I set out. I had wanted this to be an admonishment of the pop related tastes of the music public. When I set out to write this I wanted to find where we went wrong and Rock music fans started settling for what passes as Rock today. As far as I can tell there is little that is "Rock" today, and even less that passes for it on The Tour. What has become "Rock" today for the adolescent youth that seek it out is a wild and weird inbreeding of many different genres that include house music, pop, alt rock, with a dash of punk rock in the best of cases. The youth of today, some ten years or more removed from me, do not know what it was like to really feel the likes of Nirvana; most weren't even alive.
Photos by Wesley Bauman
http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf
As I had mentioned, the Warped Tour is populated by the young and those searching through lyrics and melodies for a band those knows their true feelings. As with Rock since the dawn of its mainstream debut the young and impressionable sift through the "posers" and "pretenders" to find a sound that speaks to their soul and identifies with their personal brand of angst. In this regard the formula hasn't changed from the 70's or the 60's when rock actually rolled. Today though, it is a different sound and dress code, loosely enforced, that identifies the punk rock soldier. It used to be that you could identify a rock 'n' roll fan from 200 yards, but today there is a more subtle styling from the mainstream that sets them apart. Now it is a wide range of dress and with all the sub genres and identifying markers of the industry it has become difficult to determine pop-rock from alt-rock, and even then it is hard to determine the differences within the individual groups.
What is a man without a port to do? Well, I gave up on rock a long time ago. I saw the reaper coming and I abandoned ship. I can't listen to the new bands today because it is not my sound. But wait, have we maybe gotten to the heart of the issue by chance? Maybe, it's not that I am supposed to "get it" anymore. Rock 'n' Roll was always for the rebellious youth of the times of the 60's and 70's. In the 90's it was the grunge sound, meant for the lost generation-X kids with no battle to fight and no great cause to be won. Just perchance rock music is supposed to be fluid and ever changing for the next group of the misguided and dejected.
Perhaps it is not that the Warped Tour has lost her juice, but has simply adapted to an ever changing landscape of the next sound. Could it be that the Warped Tour is simply reinventing itself to stay current with the sounds of the times? What if the Warped Tour, for a short stint of five years or so, is not a right of passage for emerging bands, but is a moment stopped in time for a new generation to find themselves in the pulsating rhythms of their music and is their badge of pubescent honor and self-discovery? That same event can also prove a nostalgic moment for the rocker like myself that grew up and branched out based on the great sounds of my particular decade of growth and a fond look back on my badge now faded and packed away in a worn cardboard box at the back of a random closet marked "past."
Before even coming to the event, I spoke with a friend who was once a die hard attendee and she told me that it was the worst line up ever this year and she wasn't going because the bands were nobody. Well, if these bands were nobody the thousands of fans there on the day did not know it. My friend in question is in her late twenties. Same as for me, the music scene has changed and the two of us just can't keep pace; nor do we want to. What was on display on Sunday was the new and cutting edge sound from a myriad of genres. You had everything from pop rock to screamo to rock-a-billy, and even in the form of The Reverend Peyton's Big Damn Band you had something like rock blue grass; to boot the Big Damn Band had the most "rock 'n' roll" show on the day because at least something was set on fire during their set, even though it was a washboard.
Maybe I'm too old or too square for this event. As a journalist it is always fun to attend because you get to see every group represented from gloriously ornate mohawks to the Valley posers with their "bed hair" that took nearly two hours to get just right. Despite all that, I need to come to grips with the fact that it wasn't a bad line up, it was the youths line up. I had my pubescent time in the sun. We had our time with the Pixies, Nirvana, Eve 6, Blink 182, Smashing Pumpkins, Wallflowers, Oasis, Flogging Molly, Rage Against the Machine, Disturbed, Godsmack, etc., etc., etc. It is time for this next generation, Generation Y, to have their AMP, Music City Soundtrack, 3OH!3, Eyes Set to Kill, Call The Cops, Anarbor, etc., etc., etc. Sure it's not my sound, but it's not supposed to be. It is the sound of the youth looking for something, though I doubt they will find it in electronica heavy rock songs about heartbreak, but who am I to judge?
I enjoyed this year's Warped if only as a realization that the Warped Tour will always belong to the youngest of demographics on the cutting edge of what I am already starting to call "noise." They own the Warped Tour by social contract and the poorly handwritten autographs of the owners are all over every sticky, sweaty inch of it. I hung up the uniform of my days in the rock army of my time. I was honorably discharged with multiple tours through identity crises and pubescent, hormonal outbursts.
My "ah-ha" moment on the day was seeing a young girl no older than ten just awe-struck and seemingly feeling in the very constitution of her soul the lyrics and music of "NeverShoutNever," which to me was absolute rubbish. For these modern "latch key kids" maybe this is what they were meant to find, after all, it's all they've got; no other choice than Katy Perry, and no answers to be found there, only more questions. But for the likes of me, from here on out the Warped Tour will be an aged behemoth at the whim of the Billboard charts trying desperately to reach in to the rock 'n' roll grab bag to find the obscure and struggling sounds that echo of a voice that once held sway over this country when the old gal, Warped Tour 1, entered this world and let out her first mainstream-curdling cries. Though she may be dead to me, outside the occasional bands lending a nostalgic nod to my youth, like Sum 41 on a third rate stage giving a second rate performance, she is still very alive with whatever these skinny jean clad miscreants in ornately studded jean jackets and $3 sunglasses call "rock." Seems that's the way it is supposed to be though. Indeed.
Wesley is a writer/photojournalist originally from Oregon who makes his home in Ventura, CA. He is currently a contributing photographer for the VCReporter and maintains an active blog (http://www.wesleybauman.wordpress.com/) where he writes on political and social satire regularly.
tweetmeme_url = '';
http://tweetmeme.com/i/scripts/button.js
Categories: Sound Off
Catch 'em Live: Chromeo Summer Tour
Sister Sin Join Black Label Society on Tour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A UFO Coming Psychedelic screenprinted poster. Designed by UK artists Michael English and Nigel Weymouth aka Hapshash and The Coloured Coat for the Crazy World Of Arthur Brown, Soft Machine, Liverpool Love Festival. Printed in 1967 by The Osiris Visions Agency, OA104. 29.5 in (75 cm) x 19.5 in (49.5 cm).


text:
Difference between revisions of "Evanescence (EP)"
MyImmortalLove4u (talk | contribs)
<center>{{lang}}</center>
{|class="toccolours" align="right" style="text-align:center; margin:10px"
|None
Evanescence EP is the first EP by [[Evanescence]]. It was released by [[Amy Lee]] and [[Ben Moody]] in 1998 at a concert at Vino's in [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], as an unmarked CD-R, sometimes signed by Lee and Moody. The EP sold out that night.
Released December, 1998
Label None
Evanescence (EP) está disponible en español. Ver el artículo
Το άρθρο Evanescence (EP) είναι διαθέσιμο στα ελληνικά. Δείτε το άρθρο
Evanescence (EP) è disponibile in italiano. Vedi l'articolo
Evanescence (EP) está disponível em português. Ver o artigo
Evanescence EP is the first EP by Evanescence. It was released by Amy Lee and Ben Moody in 1998 at a concert at Vino's in Little Rock, Arkansas, as an unmarked CD-R, sometimes signed by Lee and Moody. The EP sold out that night.
Evanescence EP is very rare; only 100 copies were made.
The cover features the sculpture Angel of Grief by William Wetmore Story, also found on the cover of Nightwish's Once and The Tea Party's The Edges Of Twilight.
2 Lineup
Where Will You Go? (Evanescence EP version)
Imaginary (Evanescence EP version)
Understanding (Evanescence EP version)
My Immortal - The first ever version. Included only the vocals of Amy and a piano, featured some different lyrics. Recorded back in 1997.
Give Unto Me - A full length version, including lyrics, of the instrumental intro from the Whisper EP / Sound Asleep EP.
Understanding (Acoustic Version)
Amy Lee - vocals, piano, keyboards, arrangements
Ben Moody - guitars, drums, keyboards, programming, arrangements
William Boyd - bass, guitar, background vocals on "Solitude"
Matt Outlaw - drums on "Solitude" and "So Close"
Rocky Gray - drums on "Understanding"
Stephanie Pierce - background vocals on "Understanding"
These are original concept art images from an unknown source. The front insert is the single image on one side and blank on the other. The back insert is the same way. The disc has the four 'E' designs screened in black on a silver CD-R.
Front Insert.
Back Insert.
Disc Art.
You can download a Perfect Rip of the EP here:
Download The EP in FLAC (Click Here For More Information)
Download The EP in WAV
or download the mp3s Here
Former members:
Rocky Gray
Mystary
Everybody's Fool
Call Me When You're Sober
Promotional singles
Bring Me to Life (Synthesis)
Lacrymosa (Synthesis)
Evanescence stuff
Fonts and Logos
Related stuff
Retrieved from "https://evanescencereference.info/wiki/index.php?title=Evanescence_(EP)&oldid=12854"


text:
Publications: 2018
PostersWater/Wastewater Assessments2018
Influence of particle size on prospectively modeled environmental concentrations of microplastics in the Sandusky River watershed
View MoreView Less Download Now>
The presence of nano- and microplastics (MPs; particles < 5 mm) in the aquatic environment is a topic of increasing discussion and research. Although measurement and monitoring data are indispensable, there is a need to prospectively estimate concentrations to enable forward-looking assessments and to guide analysis of retrospective ecological analyses. For traditional chemicals, fate and exposure models have been proven to be very helpful and are widely used. However, to date few models exist that simulate the transport and fate of MPs in freshwater systems. This presentation presents simulations of the transport and fate of various-sized MPs emitted from wastewater treatment plants into freshwater riverine systems, and tracks concentrations moving downstream from headwater into Lake Erie. We linked the NanoDUFLOW model (a detailed MP aggregation-sedimentation model integrated in a hydrological and particle transport model) with iSTREEM® (developed to estimate chemical concentration distributions for all rivers receiving WWTP discharges in the US) for a range of particle sizes. This combines the mechanistic realism of NanoDUFLOW, accounting for formation and settling of heteroaggregates, with the US well-established iSTREEM implementation. Depth dependent in-stream first order removal rate constants simulated with NanoDUFLOW were combined with standard iSTREEM output which simulated the emission, transport and water column concentrations of different MP sizes. We modeled floating as well as non-buoyant MP, for sizes ranging from 100 nm to 1000 µm. We also modeled a combined mixture of particle sizes based on effluent measurements from Mason et al (2016). Simulations were spatially explicit with MP concentrations being modeled for the Sandusky River watershed in Ohio containing over 300 miles of river downstream of 20 WWTPs. Modelling results show the effects of population density, MP size and environmental conditions on riverine concentrations and export to Lake Erie. Buoyant as well as the smallest non-buoyant MP fractions can be transported over long distances, reaching receiving waters such as the Great Lakes. In contrast, larger non-buoyant MPs settle more locally in the vicinity of the WWTPs.
Christopher Holmes (Waterborne Environmental), Albert Koelmans (Wageningen University), Scott Dyer (Waterborne Environmental). Influence of particle size on prospectively modeled environmental concentrations of microplastics in the Sandusky River watershed. Poster SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
PresentationsCrop Protection2018
Adequacy and uncertainty in models and scenarios developed to estimate pesticide wash-off and runoff in residential settings
A variety of pesticide products, including Insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, are used by homeowners and licensed Pest Control Operatiors to eradicate or deter pests on lawns and ornamentals, vegetable gardens, homes, and other structures. Pesticide detections in urban streams have resulted in an increase in research over the past decade to understand the potential for pesticide washoff to occur from various pervious and impervious application sites. Regulatory agencies, chemical registrants, and other researchers have employed a variety of approaches to model pesticide runoff associated with residential uses. This presentation compares the underlying prinicipals in several models and scenarios that have been adopted or proposed for pesticide registration review and risk assessment by regulatory agencies in the U.S. and the E.U.; and evaluates their appropriateness for risk assessment for various categories of outdoor residential-use pesticide products. The models/scenarios include the Home and Garden scenario developed for the HardSPEC model by the Food and Environment Research Agency in the U.K., residential scenarios developed for PRZM5 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and adapting urban stormwater management models including the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM5) and the P8 Urban Catchment Model.
Marty Williams (Waterborne Environmental), Yuzhou Luo (CDPR), and Michael Winchell (Stone Environmental). Adequacy and uncertainty in models and scenarios developed to estimate pesticide wash-off and runoff in residential settings. Platform SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
Setting a species-specific population model in the context of an aquatic food web model: A case example for the Topeka shiner
For species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), higher-tier environmental risk assessments (ERAs) include assessing potential overlap of pesticide use patterns and the species' geographical range. However, potential risks to populations also depend on temporal aspects of exposure and effects as well as interactions with ecosystem-mediated effects. We developed an individual-based population model (IBM) for the Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), a fish species listed as endangered, and linked it with an aquatic food web model (comprehensive aquatic systems model, CASM). The CASM was parameterized and calibrated to represent the waterbody conditions and aquatic species community in a small headwater pool in Iowa, representative of a Topeka shiner's key habitat within its geographical range. In the IBM, Topeka shiners feed on several groups in the aquatic food web according to published diet studies. Fish are simulated to grow according to a bioenergetics submodel that considers consumption, respiration and waste losses. We modelled the effects of alterations of the food web on the Topeka shiner populations by systematically reducing the available biomass of groups that the shiners consume. These alterations are generic simulations of the potential effects of pesticide exposures in agricultural landscapes around the shiner's habitat. Potential pesticide effects on the food web depend on the compound, magnitude, timing and duration of exposure, and are simulated in the model by applying daily concentrations of a pesticide in the simulated waterbody which can be derived from field measurements or fate models. The linked models provide a platform for the assessment of potential direct and food-web mediated indirect effects of stressors such as pesticides on species populations.
Amelie Schmolke (Waterborne Environmental), Steven Bartell (Cardno), Colleen Roy (Waterborne Environmental), Nicholas Green (Waterborne Environmental), Daniel Perkins (Waterborne Environmental), Nika Galic (Syngenta), Richard Brain (Syngenta). Setting a species-specific population model in the context of an aquatic food web model: A case example for the Topeka shiner. Platform SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
Taxa-focused approach to standardizing use of population models in ecological risk assessment
In spite of widespread acceptance of the utility of population modeling and advocacy of these approaches for more ecologically relevant perspective, they are not routinely incorporated in ecological risk assessments (ERA). A systematic framework for situation-specific model development is one of the major challenges to broadly adopting population models in ERA. As risk assessors confront the multitude of species and chemicals requiring evaluation, adaptable model templates and taxa-specific guidance on model parameterization would facilitate this process. We build on previous work that created a framework and decision guide for developing population models for ERA by focusing on anuran amphibians. Anurans have a unique life cycle with varying habitat requirements and physiological processes. These species belong to the amphibian class, which is facing global population declines, due in large part to anthropogenic stressors, including pesticide effects. A stage-based matrix model broadly represents the anuran life cycle. We synthesize information from databases and literature relevant to amphibian risks. At the individual, population, and ecological levels we identify traits that influence inherent sensitivity, population vulnerability, and environmental constraints. We also outline methods of modifying a basic population model to suit specific risk assessment needs with appropriate scale and parameterization to evaluate pesticide effects. A standardized population model approach for anuran ERA offers an example method of identifying potential risks and determining long-term impacts of chemical stressors to populations across taxonomic groups.
Jill Awkerman (USEPA), Sandy Raimondo (USEPA), Amelie Schmolke (Waterborne Environmental), Katherine Kapo (Waterborne Environmental), Nika Galic (Syngenta), and Valery Forbes (University of Minnesota). Taxa-focused approach to standardizing use of population models in ecological risk assessment. Platform SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
Watershed modeling: Comparison of process-based model PRZM/SWAT with regression-based model SEAWAVE-QEX
Water quality monitoring data, specifically for pesticides, can represent best-available exposure profiles relevant to ecological risk assessment; however, there are challenges in synthesizing these data toward making conclusions about the nature of the potential range of risk. Some of these challenges include: data collection frequency, monitoring period duration, interpreting exposure profiles from one location to another, and monitoring system scale. To address these challenges, statistical approaches may be applied to characterize empirical trends. Additionally, process-based numerical modeling approaches can offer a different perspective on synthesis and interpretation of monitoring data. A comparison of a statistical and process-based numerical model was conducted to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of representing, synthesizing, and conclusions from monitoring data. This comparison was developed from pesticide measurements of six intensively-monitored HUC12 headwater watersheds in the Midwest. SEAWAVE-QEX is a regression model that incorporates a linear trend term, covariates accounting for seasonality, and a transformation of flow to represent a long-term pesticide trend at a specific monitoring location. PRZM/SWAT (Pesticide Root Zone Model/Soil Water Assessment Tool) is a spatially-distributed hydrologic and chemical transport numerical model that combines upland chemical and hydrologic processes from PRZM and stream flow and chemical transport processes from SWAT. The predictive quality and limitations of these two models (SEAWAVE-QEX and PRZM/SWAT) was assessed against observed, daily concentration measurements as well as hypothetical data collection frequency and timing (derived from sub-sampling the same data sets).
Wenlin Chen (Syngenta), Daniel Perkins (Waterborne Environmental), Andrew Jacobson (Waterborne Environmental), Colleen Roy (Waterborne Environmental), and Farah Abi-Akar (Waterborne Environmental). Watershed modeling: Comparison of process-based model PRZM/SWAT with regression-based model SEAWAVE-QEX. Platform SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
PostersCrop Protection2018
Spatial and temporal variations of national cropping patterns for higher-tier pesticide exposure assessment
Pesticides are used on numerous agricultural crops across the United States to control pests and improve food yield and quality. This presentation focuses on the spatial and temporal aspects of a national scale assessment conducted by the Pyrethroid Working Group (PWG) to characterize the potential for pyrethroids to enter flowing surface waters based on a spatially explicit analysis of crop proximity to surface waters using multi-year data on diverse agricultural production patterns. Standard exposure calculations in the USEPA EFED regulatory risk assessment framework assume that 100% of the area around the water body (the Tier II pond) is cropped and treated, and therefore subject to drift and runoff entry. Over two million catchments within the National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus) were characterized using geospatial data to develop national or regional metrics related to potential surface water exposure related to crop proximity for more than 10 crop types. Crop locations were based on five years of data from USDA NASS Cropland Data Layer. Results highlight the variability of cropping density at the catchment scale across different geographies and scales, as well as situations in which density of potentially highly exposing crop (e.g., within 200m of surface water) may not match 'entire catchment' cropping density patterns. Variations in cropping density (as a proxy for potential exposure) across multiple years will be discussed in relation to how this variability may influence exposure estimates. When examining all catchments containing a specific crop, the 90th percentile crop density values (based on the 200m proximity zone) ranged from 1.3% (for vegetables in FL) to 44.4% (for tree nuts in CA). The resulting datasets provide a useful set of metrics across multiple crops which can be applied to pesticide exposure assessments that may need spatially-explicit refinements related to crop-water interactions. Because the crop proximity results are linked to the NHD+ framework, including these specific attributes into other NHD+-based analyses is extremely efficient.
Christopher Holmes, Joshua Amos (Waterborne Environmental), Paul Hendley (Phasera, Ltd.), Russell Jones (Bayer CropScience), Scott Jackson (Valent). Spatial and temporal variations of national cropping patterns for higher-tier pesticide exposure assessment. Poster SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
A generalized life-history model for assessing indirect effects of pesticides on fish populations
Assessing population-level effects of stressors, such as pesticides, across species is challenging because effects are influenced not only by individual-level toxicity but also by species' life history characteristics, ecology, and the duration, magnitude, and frequency of stressor exposure. Additionally, potential indirect population-level effects of stressor exposure (for example, effects resulting from changes in food availability) add further complexity to the assessment. To address these challenges, we developed a generalized population model for small fishes for assessing potential indirect effects of pesticide exposure on population dynamics. We applied the model to 17 species of darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) for which life history and diet data were readily available. The selected darter species (including two species listed under the Endangered Species Act) cover a range of life history strategies and diet compositions within the subfamily. We simulated several scenarios of pesticide exposure to assess how potential impacts of a pesticide on various prey species (invertebrates) included in the diets of selected darter species might affect darter population dynamics over extended time periods. We also investigated correlations between life history characteristics and population responses to the exposure scenarios. This analysis provides a framework for predicting food web mediated effects of pesticides on darter species for which little life history information is available. By combining life history variability in fish with estimates of potential indirect effects of pesticides on their prey, our model can provide a valuable tool for incorporating ecological complexity into the assessment process to quantify population-relevant risks to listed and non-target species of small fish.
Nicholas Green, Amelie Schmolke, Brian Kearns, Colleen Roy, Katherine Kapo, Matthew Kern (Waterborne Environmental), Alan Samel (FMC), Valery Forbes (University of Minnesota). A generalized life-history model for assessing indirect effects of pesticides on fish populations. Poster SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
PresentationsVeterinary Medicines2018
Model the effectiveness of vegetated filter strips in reducing contaminants in feedlot runoff
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations require concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) with greater than 1000 head beef cattle to contain feedlot runoff in settling basins designed to hold runoff from a 25-year 24-hour rainfall. CAFO with less than 1000 head may discharge feedlot runoff to nearby waters under NDPES permits if there are certain best management practices (BMPs) in place like settling basins or vegetated filter strips. Runoff from feedlots may contain nutrients or veterinary pharmaceutical residues excreted in animal waste, which under some circumstances could be potentially harmful to aquatic organisms if released directly to nearby surface waters. The objective of this presentation is to model the effectiveness of vegetated filter strips (VFS) in reducing contaminants in feedlot runoff using the WINPRZM and VFSMOD models. Effectiveness of VFS in reducing nutrient concentrations in feedlot runoff will be presented as a case study. WINPRZM was enhanced to simulate runoff from an earthen or concrete uncovered beef feedlot. The model predicts the daily edge-of-field mass of nutrients and other constituents in runoff generated on a feedlot due to precipitation. The feedlot algorithm can model daily manure accumulation, various chemical administration patterns, and the periodic scraping of feedlots. The model uses the SCS curve number method to estimate runoff, a non-uniform mixing model to extract constituents from manure, and the manure erosion equation from the APEX model. The daily edge-of-field mass loadings estimated by WINPRZM are then input to the VFSMOD model which estimates the reduction of loadings based on the size of VFS and the resulting concentrations in runoff discharging from the VFS.
Ishadeep Khanijo, Marty Williams, Amy Ritter, Mark Cheplick (Waterborne Environmental), and Dawn Merritt (Zoetis). Model the effectiveness of vegetated filter strips in reducing contaminants in feedlot runoff. Platform SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
Development of a spatially resolved global mean annual flow dataset for use in environmental risk assessment: A case study for China
Environmental exposure models for chemicals used widely across large geographic areas and disposed of down the drain are important tools for informing ecological risk assessments. One important element of these models is understanding the dilution of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent into the receiving stream (dilution factors) which allows for the estimation of in-stream environmental concentrations based on either estimated flow of receiving waters. In the U.S., the iSTREEM model (American Cleaning Institute) estimates dilution of WWTP effluent into receiving streams through the incorporation of a spatial hydrologic network with associated flow data (National Hydrography Dataset Plus) into the exposure model to spatially associate (and route) local WWTP emissions with corresponding local flows. A similar approach for generating localized dilution factors can be employed on the global scale to integrate the chemical emissions component of the model with a hydrologically-connected global river network with associated flow values. The HydroSHEDS and HydroBASINS datasets (Lehner et al. 2008 and 2013) provide a global hydrology dataset that can be used as a spatial hydrologic framework, including a network of streams and rivers and watershed and catchment boundaries. However, flow estimates corresponding to the global river network are a critical attribute that must still be incorporated for exposure modeling. Using China as a case study, a mean annual flow dataset to correspond with the HydroSHEDS and HydroBASINS global data was developed using the well-established Curve Number (CN) approach developed by Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, USDA). The CN approach integrates environmental and landscape features including best available and high-resolution precipitation, soils, and land use characteristics to estimate surface runoff over the land area. The high-resolution runoff grid was spatially combined with hydrology datasets to derive flow estimates across a river network. Global datasets were utilized for model parameters so that the approach could be extrapolated to the global scale, while also providing the flexibility to incorporate best-available data. This presentation will provide a detailed overview of the runoff methodology, validation against measured flow data, and the resulting river flow dataset for China.
Raghu Vamshi, Katherine Kapo, Amy Ritter, Brian Kearns (Waterborne Environmental), and Kathleen McDonough (Procter & Gamble). Development of a spatially resolved global mean annual flow dataset for use in environmental risk assessment: A case study for China. Poster SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
Development of a global environmental exposure modeling framework for risk assessment of chemicals disposed down the drain: A case study for China
Environmental exposure assessment of chemicals that are disposed down the drain (such as consumer product ingredients) at the global scale within a consistent and accessible framework has remained a challenge over the years, despite advancements in exposure modeling and global and local data resources. Historically, assessment efforts have been tailored and applied to specific geographies and used simplistic approaches rather than to build a spatially resolved global assessment infrastructure. Challenges such as inconsistent, scarce, or rapidly-evolving data resources, particularly for developing countries where assessment needs are high, have further complicated the evolution of spatially resolved global exposure assessment tools. However, through strategic integration of existing global data resources and established modeling tools, a standardized framework and methodology for GIS-based exposure modeling can be developed for the global scale. In this study, we present a spatially resolved global environmental exposure model approach designed to incorporate best-available data and modeling tools, using China as a case study. The global hydrology network from HydroSHEDS and HydroBASINS (Lehner et al. 2008 and 2013), global river flow and population estimates, and best-available country-specific water use and wastewater treatment information were integrated with the GIS-ROUT exposure model (Wang et al. 2005) and iSTREEM® model framework (American Cleaning Institute) to provide a means of estimating the distribution of concentrations of a chemical disposed down the drain across a river network based on chemical production volume and consumer usage estimates. Both wastewater treatment plant effluent and direct discharge are accounted for by the model through estimation of catchment-specific emissions. The spatial nature of the model provides a robust means for estimating variability in environmental exposures. Details of the various model components and generated output for China are overviewed, as well as considerations and discussion regarding on-going extrapolation to the global scale. The framework developed as part of this model is highly adaptable to countries with an abundance of data (e.g., North America, Western Europe, etc.) or those scarce with data (e.g., developing countries) available to parametrize the model.
Kathleen McDonough (Procter & Gamble), Katherine Kapo (Waterborne Environmental), and Raghu Vamshi (Waterborne Environmental). Development of a global environmental exposure modeling framework for risk assessment of chemicals disposed down the drain: A case study for China. Poster SETAC 2018. Sacramento, CA.
page 2 of 4< Previous1234Next >
Back to Publications
Papers & Reports
Biocides and Antimicrobials
Home and Personal Care Products
Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
Water/Wastewater Assessments


Clayton E Moss is presumed innocent, until proven guilty in a court of law. Not all of outcomes are known or final.
Is Clayton E Moss a criminal?
Clayton Moss is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.
What was Clayton Moss arrested for?
When was Clayton Moss arrested?
Where was Clayton Moss arrested?
Clayton E Moss was arrested on 2018-09-16 12:00:00. The arrest was made by BLPD .
Below you can find more information about the charges of Clayton E Moss (if available).
This official record of Clayton E Moss is redistributed by FindMugshots.com and is protected by publishing, constitutional and other legal rights. The official record was collected from local law enforcement agencies of Ohio. Not all of outcomes of this arrest report are known or final.
Not the Clayton E Moss you were searching for? Use the search bar above to find the correct record or view all results for Clayton Moss in All States.


text:
Palaiargia stellata – gatunek ważki z rodziny pióronogowatych (Platycnemididae). Jest znany tylko ze starych stwierdzeń (ostatnie pochodzi z 1959 roku) z dwóch stanowisk na półwyspie Onin (część półwyspu Bomberai) w indonezyjskiej części Nowej Gwinei.

Przypisy

Palaiargia
Ważki Oceanii
Gatunki i podgatunki zwierząt nazwane w 1915 roku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mark & Carmela contacted Kitchen Matters for a kitchen to truly become the heart of their newly remodelled home. A creative kitchen that was timeless, modern & practical. Carmela is a keen cook and this stunning walnut kitchen is a showcase in stylish design.
A practical gorgeously curved island serves as the perfect prep area, including a Kohler cast iron sink and Quooker boiling water tap. But also working as a social entertaining space with a bar, wine cooler and coffee maker located just behind. The island really is at the heart of this kitchen design.
The final result is a fantastic kitchen just as we envisaged. Which even now a year on, still slightly takes our breath away each morning when we come to start a new day within it. Needless to say, we would whole-heartedly recommend Amol and his team at Kitchen Matters.
We'd love to hear from you. Contact us with any queries or to book a consultation.
Thank you for your contact request, we will respond as soon as possible.


text:
Cruiser Bike Reviews
Cruiser Bike Advice
/ Reasons Why You Should Not Take Your Cruiser Bike Off-Road
in Cruiser Bike Advice by Cruise Biker
Reasons Why You Should Not Take Your Cruiser Bike Off-Road
For experienced people, riding off-road is second nature. Experiencing diversity and freedom of riding on nature trails, far from the hustle and bustle of the city, is one reason to try riding off-road. Imagine time passing by meaningfully as you focus on your new challenge of riding over rocks, wooden ledges, and large tree roots.
But if you want to ride off-road, and you only have a cruiser bike in your garage, you might want to think about getting another bike to do the job.
Cruiser bikes are popular bikes that are noted for their comfort and durability. These bikes are perfect for long-term use and rides around the neighborhood, and they remain comfortable to use even during long rides.
The cruiser bike had massive popularity in the United States in the early 1930s to the late 1950s, and it was mostly used by paperboys and bicycle couriers for daily use because of the comfort it provided.
A decline in its popularity resulted when imported bikes from Great Britain and Europe were introduced to the market, and these bikes were far more agile and lighter than the best cruiser bikes at that time.
Even when its popularity faded, cruiser bikes were still utilized for recreational purposes in the 1960s. It can easily be used on the sand and on boardwalks because of its extra-wide tires, and in 1976, it was dubbed as the "Beach Cruiser".
It regained its popularity in the late 1990s, attracting hobbyists who wanted a comfortable, affordable, and stylish ride. The classic beach cruiser has distinctly notable features like handlebars, seats, fenders, and wheels that are designed for comfort, long-term use, and elegance.
Because of these features, these bikes are not recommended for use in tournaments or off the trail as they tend to be slow and heavy; they are, however, perfect for leisurely rides while enjoying the scenery.
Sure, the cruiser bike can be taken off-road occasionally, but here are some good reasons why your lovely beach cruiser is not fit for off-road trips:
Hard tires will help a lot if you are using your bike to commute because you will lower the resistance. In an off-road setting, a hard tire will not be able to grip the ground properly, and it will not roll over the landscape.
This will make a very bumpy ride, and the hurdles on the trail like tree roots and stumps will be a nightmare to cross.
When the bike you are using is made for commuting or for just leisurely coasting, it will certainly not do when taken off the trail. The cruiser bike which has extra-wide balloon tires are perfectly suited for paved roads or boardwalks, so it will be hard to handle when taken off-road. In this case, it's best to choose a bike that can be fitted with tires with tread patterns.
The cruiser bike's frame is most commonly made out of steel. Steel is heavy, and maneuvering a bike with a steel frame will make for a very difficult trip off-road.
Even though some manufacturers have models of cruiser bikes with an aluminum frame, this will only provide minimal help in the weight because of the other features of the bike, which makes it quite slow and heavy, like its tires.
Sitting Position
In a cruiser bike, comfort is the main priority, so the posture encouraged here is an upright position that does not strain the back. When climbing mountains or going off the trail, bicyclists often need to change their positions and lift themselves slightly forward when needed. This beats the purpose of the comforts of riding a cruiser bike.
Cruiser bikes come in gorgeous colors and designs. They are mainly used in leisurely rides when people are awed at their attractiveness.
The cruiser bike's aesthetics will certainly look out-of-place in an off-road setting. Plus, just imagine getting all that dirt on your beautiful bike.
When it comes to speed off-road, taking it slow and easy isn't always the safest way, and cruisers were made for rides that are slow and easy. Most cruiser bikes come in a single speed setting, and that automatically sets it back in the agility factor.
Even the 3-speed and 7-speed options will not be at par with bikes meant for off-road trails because they were still meant to be used in leisurely rides around town, but with more assistance with hilly parts.
How to Choose the Correct Size of a Beach Cruiser
Choosing the Right Cruiser Bike
Cruiser Bikes: Riding With Ease
Critical Cycles Women's Chatham-7 Beach Cruiser Review
Kent Oakwood Men's Cruiser Bike Review
Schwinn Destiny 24-Inch Cruiser Bicycle Review
Sixthreezero Women's 26-Inch Beach Cruiser Bicycle Review
Fito Men's Marina Aluminum Alloy Beach Cruiser Bike Review
Eight Reasons Why You Should Commute by Bike
Mountain vs. Cruiser: Which Bike Should I Get?
Some recommended products may use affiliate links. GreatFunBike.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc or its affiliates.
Copyright © 2017 by Great Fun Bike.


text:
Audio: Bob Dylan's 1st (Real) 'Nashville Skyline' Session – Feb. 13, 1969
February 13, 2014 audio, country, Music, news, streaming musicBob Dylan, Days of the Crazy-Wild, I Threw It All Away, Lay Lady Lay, music, Nashville Skyline, news, One More Night, recording sessions, streaming music, To Be Along With YouMichael Goldberg
Forty-five years ago, on February 13, 1969, Bob Dylan entered Columbia Music Row Studios in Nashville and began recording an album that would surprise many of his fans.
Because on Nashville Skyline Dylan debuts a country-style voice we'd never heard before.
This was a new Bob Dylan, and it took some of Bob's fans a bit of adjustment to get hip to the new scene.
While there are those who dismiss Nashville Skyline as lightweight, or damn the songs because they're not 'heavy,' I've always dug this album.
It's Dylan being Dylan, confounding expectations. But it also sounds great. His singing is terrific and his country songs sound like the real thing, only they're Bob Dylan country songs.
And it's really cool that Dylan and Johnny Cash duet on "Girl From the North Country."
Bob did an interview with Jann Wenner, publisher of Rolling Stone, in June of 1969, two months after the album was released.
WENNER: On "Nashville Skyline"–who does the arrangements? The studio musicians, or…
DYLAN: Boy, I wish you could've come along the last time we made an album. You'd probably enjoyed it… 'cause you see right there, you know how it's done. We just take a song; I play it and everyone else just sort of fills in behind it. No sooner you got that done, and at the same time you're doing that, there's someone in the control booth who's turning all those dials to where the proper sound is coming in… and then it's done. Just like that.
And a bit later in the interview:
WENNER: On "Nashville Skyline," do you have any song on that that you particularly dig? Above the others.
DYLAN: Uh… "Tonight I'll Be Staying Here With You." I like "Tell Me That It Isn't True," although it came out completely different than I'd written it. It came out real slow and mellow. I had it written as sort of a jerky, kind of polka-type thing. I wrote it in F. That's what gives it kind of a new sound. They're all in F… not all of them, but quite a few. There's not many on that album that aren't in F. So you see I had those chords…which gives it a certain sound. I try to be a little different on every album.
WENNER: I'm sure you read the reviews of "Nashville Skyline." Everybody remarks on the change of your singing style…
DYLAN: Well Jann, I'll tell you something. There's not too much of a change in my singing style, but I'll tell you something which is true… I stopped smoking. When I stopped smoking, my voice changed… so drastically, I couldn't believe it myself. That's true. I tell you, you stop smoking those cigarettes (laughter)… and you'll be able to sing like Caruso.
WENNER: How many songs did you go into "Nashville Skyline" with?
DYLAN: I went in with uhh… the first time I went into the studio I had, I think, four songs. I pulled that instrumental one out… I needed some songs with an instrumental… then Johnny came in and did a song with me. Then I wrote one in the motel… then pretty soon the whole album started fill in' in together, and we had an album. I mean, we didn't go down with that in mind. That's why I wish you were there… you could've really seen it happen. It just manipulated out of nothing.
WENNER: How many songs did you do with Johnny?
DYLAN: Well, we did quite a few. We just sat down and started doing some songs… but you know how those things are. You get into a room with someone, you start playing and singing, and you sort of forget after a while what you're there for. (laughs)
Read the whole interview here.
During the first session Dylan recorded three songs that made it onto the album: "To Be Alone With You," "I Threw It All Away" and "One More Night." He also cut a version of "Lay Lady Lay" that he wasn't happy with, and two other songs that he didn't use.
Backing Bob on this and other sessions for the album were the top Nashville session cats:
Norman Blake – guitar, dobro
Kenneth A. Buttrey – drums
Johnny Cash – vocals
Fred Carter, Jr. – guitar
Charlie Daniels – bass guitar, guitar
Pete Drake – pedal steel guitar
Marshall Grant – bass guitar on "Girl from North Country"
W.S. Holland – drums on "Girl from North Country"
Charlie McCoy – guitar, harmonica
Bob Wilson – organ, piano
Bob Wootton – electric guitar on "Girl from North Country"
Below are the tracks that appeared on the album, along with alternate takes, a live recording and a couple of warm-up takes.
Dig the music!
"To Be Alone With You" (album version):
To Be Alone With You by Bob Dylan on Grooveshark
"I Threw It All Away," album version:
I Threw It All Away by Bob Dylan on Grooveshark
"I Threw It All Away," 1969 Nashville sessions, rehearsal:
"I Threw It All Away," Ryman Auditorium, Nashville, TN May 1, 1969:
"I Threw It All Away," alternate version, February 16, 1969
I Threw It All Away (Alternate Version, Nashville Skyline) by Bob Dylan on Grooveshark
"I Threw It All Away," George Harrison session, May 1, 1970:
"One More Night," album version:
One More Night by Bob Dylan on Grooveshark
"One More Night," alternate take:
"Lay Lady Lay," alternate take:
Lay Lady Lay by Bob Dylan on Grooveshark
← Video: Guided By Voices Deliver New Song, 'Planet Score'	Watch: Laura Marling Plays 'Born To Love,' & Townes Van Zandt's 'Colorado Girl' →


Orange Plaza Rotary was honored to welcome 92-year-old Bob Ruiz of San Juan Capistrano to our meeting on September 17th. Bob is a World War II veteran and joined guest speaker Craig Van Doren of Honor Flight Southland. Honor Flight transports heroes, free of charge, to Washington DC to visit and reflect at their memorials.
This entry was posted in Club Service, Community Service on September 17, 2014 by Rae.


text:
//
//  ADWebviewController.m
//  QRCodeDemo
//
//  Created by 好迪 on 16/3/22.
//  Copyright © 2016年 好迪. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ADWebviewController.h"

static NSString* const kTouchJavaScriptString=
@"document.ontouchstart=function(event){\
x=event.targetTouches[0].clientX;\
y=event.targetTouches[0].clientY;\
document.location=\"myweb:touch:start:\"+x+\":\"+y;};\
document.ontouchmove=function(event){\
x=event.targetTouches[0].clientX;\
y=event.targetTouches[0].clientY;\
document.location=\"myweb:touch:move:\"+x+\":\"+y;};\
document.ontouchcancel=function(event){\
document.location=\"myweb:touch:cancel\";};\
document.ontouchend=function(event){\
document.location=\"myweb:touch:end\";};";

enum
{
    GESTURE_STATE_NONE = 0,
    GESTURE_STATE_START = 1,
    GESTURE_STATE_MOVE = 2,
    GESTURE_STATE_END = 4,
    GESTURE_STATE_ACTION = (GESTURE_STATE_START | GESTURE_STATE_END),
};

@interface ADWebviewController (){
    NSTimer *_timer;	// 用于UIWebView保存图片
    int _gesState;	  // 用于UIWebView保存图片
    NSString *_imgURL;  // 用于UIWebView保存图片
}

@property (nonatomic,strong, readwrite) UIWebView *webView;

@end

@implementation ADWebviewController

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];
    [self.webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MjkwMjE3MQ==&mid=402966468&idx=1&sn=95205419dfe233b440382a867ff19696&scene=2&srcid=0322xf25lmMsHjAH8k3sV3Jc&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0#wechat_redirect"]]];
}

- (void)loadView{
    [super loadView];
    self.webView = [[UIWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
    self.webView.delegate = self;
    self.webView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
    self.webView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    self.webView.scalesPageToFit = YES;
    self.webView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeRedraw;
    self.webView.opaque = NO;
    [self.view addSubview:self.webView];
}

// 功能:如果点击的是图片,并且按住的时间超过1s,执行handleLongTouch函数,处理图片的保存操作。
- (void)handleLongTouch {
    NSLog(@"%@", _imgURL);
    if (_imgURL && _gesState == GESTURE_STATE_START) {
        UIActionSheet* sheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc]initWithTitle:nil delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"保存到手机", nil];
        sheet.cancelButtonIndex = sheet.numberOfButtons - 1;
        [sheet showInView:[UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow];
    }
}
// 功能:保存图片到手机
- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex {
    if (actionSheet.numberOfButtons - 1 == buttonIndex) {
        return;
    }
    NSString* title = [actionSheet buttonTitleAtIndex:buttonIndex];
    if ([title isEqualToString:@"保存到手机"]) {
        if (_imgURL) {
            NSLog(@"imgurl = %@", _imgURL);
        }
        NSString *urlToSave = [self.webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:_imgURL];
        NSLog(@"image url = %@", urlToSave);

        NSData* data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlToSave]];
        UIImage* image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];

        //UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, nil, nil,nil);
        NSLog(@"UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum = %@", urlToSave);
        UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, self, @selector(image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), nil);
    }
}
// 功能:显示对话框
-(void)showAlert:(NSString *)msg {
    NSLog(@"showAlert = %@", msg);
    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]
                          initWithTitle:@"提示"
                          message:msg
                          delegate:self
                          cancelButtonTitle:@"确定"
                          otherButtonTitles: nil];
    [alert show];
}
// 功能:显示图片保存结果
- (void)image:(UIImage *)image didFinishSavingWithError:(NSError*)error contextInfo:(void*)contextInfo
{
    if (error){
        NSLog(@"Error");
        [self showAlert:@"保存失败..."];
    }else {
        NSLog(@"OK");
        [self showAlert:@"保存成功!"];
    }
}

#pragma mark - delegate
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType{
    NSString *requestString = [[request URL] absoluteString];
    NSArray *components = [requestString componentsSeparatedByString:@":"];
    if ([components count] > 1 && [(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:0]
                                   isEqualToString:@"myweb"]) {
        if([(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"touch"])
        {
            //NSLog(@"you are touching!");
            //NSTimeInterval delaytime = Delaytime;
            if ([(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:2] isEqualToString:@"start"])
            {
                /*
                 @需延时判断是否响应页面内的js...
                 */
                _gesState = GESTURE_STATE_START;
                NSLog(@"touch start!");

                float ptX = [[components objectAtIndex:3]floatValue];
                float ptY = [[components objectAtIndex:4]floatValue];
                NSLog(@"touch point (%f, %f)", ptX, ptY);

                NSString *js = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"document.elementFromPoint(%f, %f).tagName", ptX, ptY];
                NSString * tagName = [self.webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:js];
                _imgURL = nil;
                if ([tagName isEqualToString:@"IMG"]) {
                    _imgURL = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"document.elementFromPoint(%f, %f).src", ptX, ptY];
                }
                if (_imgURL) {
                    _timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(handleLongTouch) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
                }
            }
            else if ([(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:2] isEqualToString:@"move"])
            {
                //**如果touch动作是滑动,则取消hanleLongTouch动作**//
                _gesState = GESTURE_STATE_MOVE;
                NSLog(@"you are move");
            }
        }
        else if ([(NSString*)[components objectAtIndex:2]isEqualToString:@"end"]) {
            [_timer invalidate];
            _timer = nil;
            _gesState = GESTURE_STATE_END;
            NSLog(@"touch end");
        }
        return NO;
    }
    return YES;
}

- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{

}

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)theWebView{
    theWebView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];

    // 防止内存泄漏
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setInteger:0 forKey:@"WebKitCacheModelPreferenceKey"];

    // 响应touch事件,以及获得点击的坐标位置,用于保存图片
    [theWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:kTouchJavaScriptString];

}
- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(nullable NSError *)error
{

}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On Friday, September 16th, 2016, the Boyce College Bulldogs soccer team took on Appalachian Bible College (WV) in Louisville, Kentucky.
Having both their goalkeepers out for the day, Boyce College called upon the inexperience at keeper of Mid-Fielder, Jesse Ray. Ray was able to hold the Warriors scoreless on the day, leading Boyce College to a 3-0 shutout victory over Appalachian Bible College. His inexperience at the goalkeeper position lacked to be recognized throughout the contest.
However, unlike the first Boyce College game we photographed this season (Southern State Community College), the ball did find its way across the center field line many times, making work for the Bulldog defenders.
After a 30-minute lightning delay with 11:53 left in the first half, Bulldogs Captain, Jorge Saucedo was credited with a goal just minutes before the half. Saucedo also added a header into the net just moments into the second half for his second goal of the day. JaeJun Kim is credited with the third and final goal of the contest.
The Bulldogs travel to Asbury University (Wilmore, KY) on Friday, September 23rd. The Asbury Eagles are currently 3-1 at home this season and have outscored their opponents 22-8. The big game then comes on Monday, September 25th vs conference rival, Kentucky Christian University at home. The KCU Knights are currently winless on the season and have been outscored 3-15 in route to their current 0-4-1 season standing.


We head to Rugby Park tomorrow in our final match before the league split as Tommy Wright and his players look to make it back-to-back victories this weekend.
Standing in our way is a Kilmarnock side battling for a European spot in what will be the third meeting between the clubs this season.
Saints haven't registered a victory over Steve Clarke's men yet in this campaign having lost 2-0 on the opening day in Ayrshire before a goalless draw at McDiarmid Park in November.
Looking ahead to tomorrow's match, the manager says he hopes his players can build on the midweek victory over Dundee.
"Wednesday should give us confidence," Tommy said, "it was a good response to what was a disappointing end to the Motherwell game.
"The players bounced back from the downer of not making the top six and put in a good performance.
"It's going to be a difficult game tomorrow against a good Kilmarnock side. They play a simple but effective style of football. They don't overcomplicate things.
"They're having a great season and Steve's done an excellent job once again. They're strong at home and very difficult to beat but we can take confidence from the Dundee win and we'll be ready to go again looking for a win."
The manager says he's hoping for more of the same from his players and wants to see them finish the campaign strongly to be 'best of the rest'.
"I asked them the other night to go out there and play with a smile on their faces," he said.
"I asked for energy and high tempo and for them to get the ball forward quickly. We were positive in our play and I think when we play like that we're at our best.
"It was an open game but I expected that against a Dundee team fighting for their lives. We coped with it well and controlled large parts of the game.
"It's really important for the players not to let this season drift away. Some of them are playing for contracts and their are others who have been waiting for their chance to show what they can do.
"Players like Callum Hendry have come in and he'll be wanting to do well so he can keep his place in the side. Everybody wants to finish 7th and if we do it's an improvement on last year.
"We want to finish strongly and make sure we keep ourselves above Motherwell and Livingston. Finishing seventh is important not only to be best of the rest but also for the financial reward that comes with finishing higher up the league table."
In terms of his team selection for tomorrow, the manager insists the artificial surface won't determine his starting line-up and he may also be able to add Blair Alston to his matchday squad after injury.
"Of course you take the pitch into consideration," Tommy said, "but most of the players don't have any problems playing on it.
"The pitch won't determine who I pick and we need to make sure everybody's fresh and ready to go again.
"On the injury front David Wotherspoon is making good progress and I would expect to have him back in full training by the end of next week.
"Blair's made tremendous progress and has trained for the past two days. Providing he's come through unscathed today he'll be added to the squad tomorrow."
Tomorrow's match is a 3PM kick-off at Rugby Park and the match will be shown LIVE on Saints TV.
Overseas subscribers will receive coverage from Kilmarnock TV, while UK/Ireland subscribers will get Audio Only coverage with Gary Henderson and co-commentator David Wotherspoon.


Swimwear designers often pick a name for their work based on the spirit of the design. This particular range is dynamic, futuristic and bold, and it captures the glistening bronze and glass skyscrapers of one of the world's most modern and mighty cities. Landscapes are a popular choice for fashion designers as they can give a stunning first impression, and that's why 21st Century architecture and its dynamic power is so popular for this. This kaftan is innovative and uses an idea that many designers might not have thought of, but what about the practical side of this accessory? It is cut a little above the knee so it offers good coverage from the sun, and with a more conventional fit and a v-neck, it looks like a dress and can be worn for a greater number of looks. Matching swimsuits and bikinis available.


text:
Selected Service: Special numbers Establishment of citizen telephone - Military flight operations
Special numbers Establishment of citizen telephone - Military flight operations
The citizen's hotline "Aircraft Noise from Bundeswehr Aircraft" of the Federal Ministry of Defense (BMVg) provides information about military flight operations in the Federal Republic of Germany.
You can contact the Air Force directly with your concerns, requests or complaints about military flight operations.
As a central point of contact, the staff of the Flight Operations and Information Center will answer questions on the subject of aircraft noise and low-level flight. In addition, you can obtain information about upcoming Bundeswehr flight operations, as well as allied flight operations in the airspace of the Federal Republic of Germany in your area.
For information on military flight operations:
Luftwaffenamt
Flight Operations and Information Center
Fliegerhorst Wahn 501/11
Citizens' Helpline - Aircraft Noise:
Tel.: 0800 -8 62 07 30
E-mail: fliz@bundeswehr.org
The number is toll-free.
In case you prefer to contact us in writing, you can also submit your questions by mail, fax or e-mail.
For more detailed inquiries or complaints, submission by e-mail is recommended. Especially for complaints about military flight movements, the following information is required for an investigation:
Location of the flight movement (address)
Brief description of the event
Your inquiry/complaint
No current technical release


Its the BIG one! Ideal for your a working surface and cutting mat all in one, A3 size. Massive 60cm X 36.5cm cutting area, 42cm X 34cm measuring grid for main work area. Handy 15 degree angle guide. Markings for A5, A6, 13cm X 13cm, 15cm X 15cm and 10.5cm X 21cm Cards. Measure both A3 and 31cm square scrapbook pages.


Jason White, driver of the No. 23 GunBroker.com Chevrolet, was on the fast track to being the biggest mover in Saturday afternoon's Kroger 250 at Martinsville Speedway until a flat tire with three laps remaining in the 250-lap event derailed the freshmen team to a 22nd-place finish in the fourth event on the 2011 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series schedule.
While the end result missed the mark of expectations, the Joe Denette Motorsports team moved up four positions to 26th in the 2011 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series owner point standings, a mere one point outside the top-25. As a result, the No. 23 machine will be required to qualify in the field on time at Nashville Superspeedway.
White, who struggled in qualifying due to engine woes, would start the 13th Annual Kroger 250 from the 35th position because of an unapproved adjustment on the GunBroker.com Chevrolet. Gaining modest ground on the competition, White was sitting in the 27th position just 14 laps into the event. However, struggling with a tight handling Chevy Silverado, White made a quick trip down pit road during the first of 13 cautions for a chassis adjustment. When racing resumed on lap 22, the GunBroker.com machine was scored in the 32nd position.
Making his way around the .526-mile oval, White began to complain about brakes and was still not happy with the handling of his No. 23 Chevy. Crew Chief Chad Kendrick made the call to bring White down pit road during the afternoon's second caution at lap 45 for another chassis adjustment, four tires and fuel. When the field went back to green at lap 47, the GunBroker.com machine was sitting 28th.
Finally pleased with the handling of his No. 23 Chevy, White ran consistently in the top-10 over the next 90 circuits, running as high as second. When the field was slowed for the seventh time for an accident in turn-1, White made his way down pit road for what should have been the last stop of the day for a chassis adjustment, four Goodyear tires, including an air pressure adjustment, and fuel.
The Virginia-native restarted 14th with just over 100 laps left in the event, and was set-up nicely for a top-5 finish considering the leaders still had to pit. However, the handling on the GunBroker.com machine went away and White was forced to pit at lap 162 under caution for a chassis adjustment and fuel.
Continuing to run in the top-15, but battling a loose handling machine, White held on to his GunBroker Chevy for the next 40 laps and was forced back down pit road under caution at lap 204 for a used set of Goodyear tires. Due to the unscheduled stop by the JDM team, White started 18th with 40 laps remaining in the 250-lap event.
Running in the 12th position with three laps remaining, a left rear tire went down on the GunBroker.com Chevrolet leading White to a 22nd-place finish, one lap down to race winner, Johnny Sauter.