We define each feature and KPI to keep you in the know!
Your Divvit Dashboard will give you a bird's eye view of your data and your ecommerce store's performance. You'll see 4 main graphs with your traffic, order count, cost, and revenue overview for your selected time period. You can select week, month, or year for your time period.
Order Count: The total amount of orders over this time period compared with the previous time period.
Revenue: The total amount of revenue earned over this time period compared with the previous time period.
Your current progress is shown in blue with its comparison from the previous time period in a lighter gray shade. Where you're performing better during this time period will be shown in green, and where you're performing worse will appear in a light red color.
Hovering your mouse over any of the lines will give you the exact numerical comparison between the two time periods with their date.
Scrolling down will allow you to see your channels in more detail with the latest orders coming from those channels. You can see average visits per day and average orders per day per each channel.
The Traffic, Orders, and Costs tabs are set up the same way, and offer you the opportunity to visualize your progress across these three metrics easily.
As with all features in the Divvit app, you can change your time period to compare between two time periods. You can also click on the metrics to the right to change how the list appears, either biggest to smallest or vice versa.
The Analytics Explorer allows you to examine all of your KPIs in closer detail, with full customization across the platform to customize your view.
You can also drag and drop Dimensions and Metrics to reorder the list, and you can remove any filter or KPI by simply clicking the X on the right of the KPI's button.
Merchant site: To compare each site in your aggregated account, it will list each separate domain in your account which you can then filter if you'd like to look at certain accounts.
Channel Group: This view will break down which of the channel groups your customer used to get to your site: Direct, Social organic, Referral, Organic, Social Paid, Search Paid, Email, Retargeting, and Price Comparison.
Channel: This will add the channel from where the user came to your site. You can also filter each of these to examine one channel in particular. This takes Channel Group a bit further by examining the exact channel. We recommend using them together to get a complete view.
Device: This dimension will show you what device your customers are using - desktop, mobile or tablet. You can use this to compare performances of your marketing campaigns cross device.
Bounced vs Not Bounced: This view is useful when combined with other views, like device for example. This will show you what conditions cause customers to bounce from each of your sites.
Visitor Type: With this view, you can get a breakdown of each of your customer types, whether they are signed up and registered as customers, whether they're repeat visitors, or whether they're new visitors.
Repeat vs. New Order: This will show you which purchases were from first-time customers and which were repeat customers.
Once you've decided which dimensions you want, you can select which metrics you'd like to measure.
Visits: Track how many visits you had to your site, which you can combine with any of the Dimensions for a better idea for which devices, types, and channels are performing the best.
Unique visits: This data shows you how many different people (or IPs) visited your site, as opposed to total visits which shows you the total of those who visited your site, repeat or not.
Pageviews/visit: The amount of pages that are being viewed during a visit.
Avg visit length: The amount of time spent on average during a visit.
Linear: The value per visit when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The value per visit when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The value per visit when a % is attributed based on touch points, moments in the customer journey, time spent, pages viewed etc.
Bounce Rate: The bounce rate indicates the percentage of visitors that have left your website with only visiting one page. The visitor decided to not browse any further. A high bounce rate can indicate that your visitor did not find what he or she was looking for and thus decided to move to another website. There are many solutions to reduce your bounce rate.
Failed Discovery Rate: The failed discovery rate indicated the percentage of visitors that have come to your website and looked around but that did not continue to the checkout. A high percentage in failed discovery rate might indicate that there are no clear call to actions for customers to proceed to the checkout.
Checkout Abandonment Rate: The checkout abandonment rate is also known as cart abandonment. This indicates the percentage of visitors that have browsed your website, added product to their cart and moved to the checkout process but decided to leave at that moment. So they never made the actual purchase. There are also many solutions to reduce your checkout abandonment rate such as cart abandonment emails.
Conversion Rate: The conversion rate will show you the percentage of visitors that have turned into your customer through purchasing.
Order Count: Order count will tell you how many orders you received. This is useful when combined with any of the Dimensions and visits to get an idea of your most profitable visits.
Linear: The order count when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The order count when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The order count when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Linear: The revenue when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The revenue when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The revenue when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Visits before order: Average amount of visits before a customer has placed an order.
Linear: The average order value when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The average order value when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The average order value when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Marketing cost: An overview of costs made for each marketing channel of a selected period of time.
Cost/Visit: The cost per visit metric details the average cost you're spending on marketing vs how many visits that marketing channel is getting you.
Cost/Order: Like the cost per visit metric, the cost per order is showing the real fruits of your marketing efforts by showing you how much you're spending on each channel to get conversion.
Linear: The average cost per order when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The average cost per order when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The average cost per order when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Marketing ROI: This shows a clear calculation of your return on investment in your marketing efforts.
Linear: The marketing ROI when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The marketing ROI per order when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The marketing ROI per order when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Cost/Sale: The cost per sale will give you an overview of how much you are spending to get orders in through each marketing channel.
Linear: The cost per sale when an equal % is attributed to each touch point.
Last Click: The cost per sale when 100% is attributed to the last click.
Divvit: The cost per sale when a % is attributed based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Last click: CAC attributing 100% of a new customer count to the last click.
Linear: CAC when attributing an equal % of new customer count to each touch point in the customer journey.
Divvit: CAC when attributing a % of a new customer based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
New customer count: The new customer count shows how many new customers you gained during the time period.
Last click: The new customer account when attributing 100% of a new customer count to the last click.
Linear: The new customer account when attributing an equal % of new customer count to each touch point in the customer journey.
Divvit: The new customer account when attributing a % of a new customer based on touch points, moment in the customer journey, time spend, pages viewed etc.
Each of the metrics that are related to revenue, orders, and ROI are able to be separated by attribution model so you can choose better attribution for your online store.
The Orders Explorer is a great feature to dive into your customer journey and examine each order touchpoint by touchpoint.
Order Time: filter through the times of day to examine the orders during your peak times, or your slower times.
Visits Before Order: this allows you to filter by the number of touchpoints in the customer journey. Visits before order will tell allow you to see which of your customers visited the most and which needed less convincing.
Includes: if you want to just look at all orders that contained a touchpoint from a certain channel or channel group, you can use this filter.
Visits Sequence: With the first touchpoint as organic Google, the second touchpoint as Direct, and including newsletter touchpoints.
% New Customers: this shows you how many of these customers are new (if you've selected to filter for new customers, it should read 100% for your filtered results).
This Divvit Dictionary should help you understand the tool and your data a bit better. We hope you've found it helpful!
Anything we've missed? Let us know!


Los Arcos had been on my bucket list of grounds for a few years. When I visited the beautiful town of Orihuela a few years back, I stumbled on the town centre stadium and from the glimpses I got and pictures online knew it'd be a classic. What was worse, a poster advertised a game on the day we were going home, coincidentally against Real Murcia. Since that time I have often thought of Los Arcos (it even has a magical name) and the missed opportunity of catching a game there.
This time, my luck was in, as no less than three home friendlies were scheduled at Los Arcos (The Arches) during our holiday. However, I did wonder if the fates were against me, as the game I planned to go to on the first Wednesday against Cartagena, was mysteriously postponed, for no given reason (I went to Muleno CF instead). It had me afeared that there were stadium problems. Worse still, their third home friendly, I discovered, was to be played at a golf resort at Orihuela Costa, 38 km away, despite the name.
Everything hinged on the Real Murcia tie being on. Thankfully, twitter updates continued to promote it up to the Saturday, so my dream of Los Arcos was to be realised.
Orihuela has a charming town square framed by great old trees and a large fountain. As the heat of the day dissipates locals and tourists congregate in the square to catch up and enjoy the evening warmth, with a beer or two. It's a great atmosphere. Tonight though, my son and I took a left off the square, a short few hundred yards to the ground, and this evening's game against nearby Real Murcia.
Orihuela CF play in Group 13 of the Tercera Division, which means third division, but is actually fourth tier (after Primera and Segundo A and Segundo B). There are 18 groups in the Tercera division. Orihuela sit in the Valenciana group 13, but on the border of Group 6 (Murcia Region).
This was my second Real Murcia away game in four days, having seen them in Mula last Wednesday evening. Orihuela are at the same tier as Muleño, one below Real Murcia. Over the years I'd built this ground up into something almost mythical, but despite the high expectations, I wasn't disappointed. The entrance was appealing for a start, tickets obtainable from a pigeon hole in the yellow wall.
Despite the slightly scruffy, gimcrack aura of the ground the ticket issued was a proper credit card affair with barcode (as shown above in the title). A snack bar, selling the usual nuts, crisps and cans of lager greeted one on the left with the club shop (or tienda) on the right.
Los Arcos has everything a hopper desires – well, those hoppers of the old school who like a bit of wear and character; who prefer their grounds like old sofas, not pristine, hard and gleaming, but comfy, with leather fault-lines and unplumpable creases. Some of the seats behind the goals had plants growing out of the middle of the seat, which I thought was wonderful – my son disagreed and expressed a little shame at what I considered a good ground.
On the near side a multitude of seats, raises and falls like a bar graph, to fit snugly in and follow the lines of the buildings behind. Alternate blocks of bright yellow and blue open seating, sit on maroon terracing, with traditional floodlights slotting in where they can, to give a very eye catching backdrop. Behind this is high-rise flats and then mountains.
On the other side the trademark Spanish chunky terrace goes up a few steps in front of more high-rises, with more open seating behind the other goal. It's really hemmed in by the surrounding buildings which is another favourable aspect to a great ground. You could just sit in it and admire for ages, without even the need for football. Especially with a can of Cruzcampo and obligatory bag of nuts, that must be de-shelled onto the terracing while eaten.
Proceedings kicked off at 8pm, warm but not stifling, perfect viewing conditions. The game was a lot closer than the game on Wednesday. Orihuela made much more of a contest and despite going a goal down early on to some fine interplay and low finish, Orihuela equalised near half time with a one-on-one expertly slotted in.
The second half was close and competitive but Real Murcia shaded it with an early goal to win again against lower opposition. A huge crowd turned up, at least 800 but perhaps over 1,000 and again the majority supporting Murcia. It was a great feeling to finally see a game here at what is a truly splendid stadium. Gracias y buenos nochas.
This entry was posted in Groundhopping, Grounds, Travelog and tagged Groundhopping, los arcos, orihuela cf, real murcia, Spanish football. Bookmark the permalink.


Just having the theater inside a room, whatever size it may be, creates problems due to reflected sound and low-end/bass build-up within that space.
Adding acoustic treatments is a simple way to take a standard room from good to great.
Following are several basic ideas that can be used even with the smallest of budgets to help the overall performance of a theater or media room.
This will take the front to back reflections out of play and works well on narrower rooms.
Covering the front wall with treatment that includes bass traps will increase listening pleasure and speaker performance. This requires stretching the front wall with fabric; see SA's Stretched Front Wall solution.
3. Avoid putting speakers in the wrong position.
4. Place seats at optimal positions, avoid worst places to sit.
Against the rear wall is a horrible place to sit! Home owners want as big a screen as possible so the seats are pushed back against the wall.
If seats have to be placed against the rear wall, adding absorptive treatments to the back wall can help absorb the build-up.
If you need help with any theater project or just want to discuss some of the above ideas, give Simplified Acoustics a call at 317-520-2590.


1.) Warm olive oil in hot saute pan over medium heat. Saute scallops until warm & edges are golden (about 1 – 2 minutes). Remove the scallops from pan.
2.) Toss shallots and pesto into pan on low heat. Add a creamy vinaigrette dressing, cook for a few seconds. Pour hot dressing mixture on spinach, toss well. Top with warmed scallops. Decorate with slices of tomato if desired.
3.) Serves 2. 10 minutes tops!
This keeps well, already cut, for up to 2 days, in an airtight container. Stack them on top of each other with baking paper in between each layer. Try to pack them so the top layer has the lid pressing down lightly on it, to keep everything compressed and together. Some flatbread brands can curl up a bit on the edges when left out for a while – not a big deal, more about appearance.


text:
Indian Scout used in Wall of Death Speed Guiness World Records Title
by GG-Admin | Apr 6, 2016 | The Body, The Machine
Indian Motorcycle, America's first motorcycle company, is proud to announce that accomplished English road racer and flourishing daredevil TV presenter Guy Martin used an Indian Scout motorcycle to prepare for a new world record he recently set for the fastest speed around a 'Wall of Death'.
The feat was televised live on Channel 4 in the UK on March 28 and immediately certified as a Guinness World Record. A silo-shaped cylinder made of wooden planks, a Wall of Death installation usually ranges from 20 to 36 feet in diameter. Motorcyclists traveling along the vertical wall of the silo at a typical speed of approx. 20 mph are held in place by centrifugal force. To reach the 60 mph Martin needed to achieve, yet limit the g-force plying his body, the Wall of Death built for him in an otherwise unused hangar featured a 387-ft. circumference.
Viewers saw Martin set the overall speed record on his own custom-built motorcycle, but to prepare for the live attempt, he used an Indian Scout supplied by Krazy Horse, an Indian Motorcycle dealership in Bury St Edmunds, UK.
Riding the Indian Scout, Martin hit 60.1 mph – an instant Guinness World Record – on his first attempt and reached a confirmed 70.33 mph on his second attempt. Then he switched to his own custom-built BSA R3 powered by aviation fuel. The result: 78.15 mph, the speed logged for the official Guinness World Record.
The Indian Scout Martin rode was a standard machine lightly prepared by Krazy Horse to be 'Wall ready'. Add-ons included Renthal handlebars, lay-back risers, modified lower frame struts to accommodate foot-plates, 18″ wheels, a shortened rear fender and a special paint job. "Seeing Guy ride the Indian Scout in preparation for the live show and initially setting a new world record was an extremely proud moment for us," says Jim Clarke, Country Manager for Polaris UK & Ireland. "It's testament to the Scout that a production motorcycle with very little modification could ride around that gigantic Wall of Death and help to set a new World Record."
Learn more about Indian Motorcycle by visiting IndianMotorcycle.com Photo Credit: Guy Martin's Wall of Death: LIVE – ALL4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Note: We made a lot of update for "Romeo for Edison main board", to manage them easily we have moved it on github.
NG.ino is ATmega8 firmware; DFRobotEdison is Romeo motor and analog driver library.
The product manufactured after Sep. 2015 have burned the newest firmware. Please use the corresponding library to avoid bugs.
For the older product, you could update ATmega8 firmware to use the newest library.
Leave the downloaded library file under Arduino library folder: e.g. arduino-1.6.3\libraries Directory.
*Copyright (c) 2014, Chengdu Geeker Technology Co., Ltd.
NOTE: As Romeo for Edison is using ATmega 8 as Analog pins driver. Please download the DFRobot4Edison library first.
Sample code: Open Arduino IDE, Select Boards -->Intel Edison and COM port In this section, please down load the DFRobot4Edison library first.
Update the last github firmware.
Get Romeo for Edison Controller SKU:DFR0331 from DFRobot Store or DFRobot Distributor.


March 22, 2018 16:35 ET | Source: Pacific Biosciences, Inc.
MENLO PARK, Calif., March 22, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (Nasdaq:PACB), the leader in long-read, high-resolution sequencing, today announced that Judge Leonard P. Stark of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware denied a motion to dismiss filed on December 14, 2017 by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd.
ONT had sought to dismiss Pacific Biosciences' complaint for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,738,929 by alleging that the patent's claims recite ineligible subject matter. A hearing on the matter was held on February 27, 2018 and the ruling by Judge Stark was issued on March 22, 2018. In its ruling, the Court disagreed with ONT's contentions and also took note of the inconsistent statements made by ONT in front of the U.S. International Trade Commission and in prosecuting ONT's own, later-filed patent applications.
This ruling follows a decision by Judge Richard G. Andrews last November denying a motion to dismiss filed by ONT in a companion case brought by Pacific Biosciences in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,546,400. A trial for these matters, along with Pacific Biosciences' complaint for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,678,056 (which ONT did not seek to dismiss), is scheduled to occur in early 2020.
All statements in this press release that are not historical are forward-looking statements, including, among other things, statements relating to legal proceedings to enforce patent rights, the validity or enforceability of patents or other intellectual property rights, future availability, uses, quality or performance of, or benefits of using, products or technologies, and other future events. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, changes in circumstances and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond Pacific Biosciences' control and could cause actual results to differ materially from the information expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made in this press release. Factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in Pacific Biosciences' most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Pacific Biosciences' most recent reports on Forms 8-K, 10-K and 10-Q, and include those listed under the caption "Risk Factors."


text:
BFI News • Aug 8, 2013
The Facts About Taxes
Conference to Air Evidence on Economic Impact
Everyone, it's safe to say, agrees that we need a simpler, saner tax system. Yet few issues in the political world are met with more heated debate. Any attempt at reform is met with political wrangling rooted in deeply held beliefs about the economic impact of any tax cut or credit.
Emotional appeals and partisan maneuvering hinder efforts to create a tax system that promotes growth and minimizes economic distortions. Policy decisions should start from a foundation of facts, says James Heckman, the Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics. "It's time to ground these debates in the best evidence about the real impact of taxation."
The institute is bringing that evidence to center stage. Heckman, the 2000 Nobel laureate in economics, and institute research director Lars Peter Hansen collaborated with some of the world's leading tax experts to organize a daylong conference exploring the best evidence on the impact of taxation.
Economists of all stripes will gather in Chicago on Sept. 27 at "The Empirical Foundations of Supply-Side Economics." Their goal is to build a consensus summarizing what we know about how taxes influence incentives and economic choices.
"Supply" in this case references taxation's impact on labor supply, investment in human capital, and corporate investment. Richard Blundell, the Ricardo Professor of Political Economy at University College London, will present work examining individuals' response to taxes. Specifically, his paper looks at how the balance between earnings taxes, tax credits, and income support programs create short and long term incentives for employment and human capital development.
"The key to upward trends in employment and earnings in the long run will be to focus policy on entry to the labor market entry and on retirement. These margins are precisely where labor supply is shown to be responsive to tax policy incentives," says Blundell. "Human capital has a key role too, by improving the pay-off to work and by ensuring earnings hold up over a person's lifetime."
As director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies in London, Blundell was a lead author of the Mirrlees Review, a comprehensive study of available evidence leading to recommendations for an optimal tax system. As a Becker Friedman Visiting Scholar in spring 2013, he shared some of that evidence, and helped inspire and organize this event to share it more widely.
Presenting the macroeconomic side of the equation is Alan Auerbach, the Robert D. Burch Professor of Economics and Law at the University of California, Berkeley. His work examines the effects of capital income taxes and the design of corporate income tax systems. Auerbach will present arguments for additional taxes on inheritance between generations, the potential social good that could be promoted via a shift from income taxes to a consumption tax, and the pros and cons of sweeping systemic reforms versus small-scale incremental reforms.
Popular notions of a consumption tax system often view it as a less progressive option than the income tax system we have today. Auerbach says that he hopes to clarify that misconception by laying out a factual groundwork for a consumption tax system in his talk. Similarly, he hopes to debunk the misunderstanding that taxes levied on corporations are paid exclusively by the very wealthy.
For the most complete view of available evidence, discussants from diverse fields and viewpoints will respond to both presentations.
The conference will conclude with a panel discussion synthesizing empirical observations about taxation and beginning to develop a consensus on knowledge that can guide policymakers. Panelists include former Obama economic policy advisor, Austan Goolsbee, Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, and American Enterprise Institute Senior Fellow Kevin Hassett, among others.
"This conference will identify a lot of the questions that we need answered, and ideally set the research agenda for examining how taxes impact life in a global economy," says Heckman. The final panel in particular will be valuable for policymakers, practicing economists, the media, and concerned taxpayers, he notes.
Hansen, the David Rockefeller Distinguished Professor of Economics and statistics, says the conference is a prime example of the Becker Friedman Institute's mission in action. "We get the top economic minds in the world into one room to think seriously about the most challenging questions we face in a 21st century economy," he noted.
In that light, Heckman believes the event could have important ramifications for the public at large, particularly as we head toward another election cycle. "Voters can't make informed decisions about what their elected leaders are proposing without understanding the facts that underlie those proposals," says Heckman. "Building this foundation of facts makes a real contribution to intelligent democracy."


Arrive: Saturday 8th October (Just before the AGM which starts at 4:30PM.
Depart: Saturday 8th October (evening).
Includes the AGM and gala dinner on Saturday.
Cancellations will incur a small administrative fee, and should be made in writing to treasurer@bcab.org.uk no later than 1st October 2016.
No refunds will be given for cancellations made after 1st October 2016.


text:
Cinema
 Il tempo di decidere (1998)
 Laws of Attraction - Matrimonio in appello (2004)

Televisione
 Law & Order (1995)
 Spin City (1997)
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2003)
 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2006)
 Numb3rs (2007)
 Unforgettable (2014)
 Gotham (2014)
 Nashville (2014)

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In our country there's a lot of confusion. According to my mum, for example, Black Friday is every Friday. Honestly, a few people know the details. But when they read the word SALES, they risk going crazy. Even Italians use to do something mad, they learnt how to wait for the new iPhone outside the Apple Store but it's not enough.
Because, my dear, Black Friday in Italy doesn't scare anybody. But if you go to the U.S.A. or to London, that day could be really black. Goodbye dignity, here is the title that I chose for this article.
I want to tell you something that happened to me in London in 2014. I was completely unaware and was walking around the streets of the city after I visited the Victoria and Albert Museum. So, I decided to take the subway: the worst decision, ever. The station was full of people, it was impossible to breath and I heard an announcer who said that because of Black Friday, trains wouldn't have stopped there. Well, I realized to be in the whirlwind and tried to run away. I was shocked but curious, I dashed to Harrods and looked for a good deal: poor result, no more than a bag by Longchamp 30% off. I'm a beginner.
Between the best deal in my life and my safety, I chose the second one. But for other people, on the contrary, mantra is mors tua vita mea. Have you ever tried to imagine what happens inside a random Walmart in the United States during those 24 hours? As we say, let's open the cages.
No mercy to grab a TV or a laptop! Women fight for a pair of shoes, they are gentle and nice but in that moment, they turn into furious possessed girls.
It's a war, and is just the foretaste of Xmas. In fact, Black Friday inaugurates the perfect present-hunt while waiting for December 25th: credit cards, receipts, packets and bows…and bank accounts in red.
The secret to live this day in the best way is self-control: is it good to take advantage of sales? Sure! But don't lose your mind. Intelligence should distinguish humans from the animals! And even if Oscar Wilde said that «The only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it», it's important to remember that after Black Friday, Monday will inevitably come back!


Preheat oven to 350 degrees and coat a 9 x 12 baking dish with non-stick spray or coconut oil.
Make brownie batter and cookie dough in separate bowls according to instructions on box.
Pour brownie batter into pan first, then add cookie dough. Spread evenly. Bake for 45-50 minutes until edges of cookie are golden brown and center is set. Remove from oven and let cool.
Prepare topping by adding chocolate chips and coconut oil to a small bowl. Place in microwave in 20 second increments until melted. Drizzle on top of 'brookies', then sprinkle on mini marshmallows and crumbled graham crackers.


ECE alumnus, Jie Chen, worked in industry before becoming a professor at the University of Alberta.
Alumnus Jie Chen is a 2015 recipient of the Killam Annual Professorship Award. The Killam Annual Professorship was established in 1991 and is one of the most prestigious awards granted to professors at Canadian universities; Chen is one of five to receive the 2015 award at the University of Alberta. The award recognizes faculty members based on the quality of their scholarly activities including teaching, research, publications, creative activities, presented papers, and supervision of graduate students. Recipients are chosen based on two criteria: a record of outstanding scholarship and teaching over three or more years, and a record of substantial contributions to the community outside the university.
Chen is a full professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Canada). He is also a research officer at the Canadian National Research Council/National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT). Dr. Chen is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He received his M.S. in 1992 and Ph.D. in 1998, both in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Maryland. Christine Yurie Kim Eminent Professor of Information Technology K.J. Ray Liu advised his Ph.D. studies.
Prior to joining the University of Alberta, Chen worked in industry for 7 years focusing on research and management at Bell-Labs and Hughes Network Systems, Inc. He acquired entrepreneurial experience while helping establish two Bell-Lab spin-off companies. One company was acquired by QUALCOMM in San Diego, the other, iBiquity Digital Coorporation, produces digital car radios sold at Walmart and Best Buy. Chen is currently the program leader for a NINT Program. He previously led two Alberta Health Service Projects from 2010-2012 (worth $1.1M) and has been a co-PI of another 5-million dollar project.
Dr. Chen has trained 68 highly qualified personnel including 4 post-doctoral fellows, 18 Ph.D. and 15 M.Sc. students. One of those students is now an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University. Two have continued to Stanford, and one to Yale Medical School. He has coauthored two books, 82 peer-reviewed journal papers, and 71 peer-reviewed conference proceeding papers. His H-index is 26 and total citations are more than 2,750. He has been granted 7 patents, several of which have been licensed to 3 Canadian companies.
Chen has received numerous awards such as the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Leaders' Opportunity Award by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Distinguished Lecturer Award by the Circuits and Systems Society (2004-2005), and Best student paper award at IEEE/National Institutes for Health (NIH) 2007 Life Science Systems & Applications Workshop. His research on designing miniaturized ultrasound device for intra-oral dental tissue formation was listed by "Reader's Digest" as a major medical breakthrough in Canada in 2006.
Chen's primary research interests include (i) Designing and micro/nanofabricating portable impedance-based microfluidic point-of-care biosensors (one of the Internet-of-Things). (ii) Developing pulsed wave therapeutic instruments (forming dental tissues, removing scares, repairing meniscus, alleviating depression). The platform technology can also stimulate the growth of microorganisms for increasing biofuel production and wastewater treatment. Three US patents and two EU patents were issued. Several companies licensed some inventions. (iii) Building functional nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery and genetic modified agricultural products. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, equivalent to NSF in US), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, equivalent to NIH in US), the Canadian Foundation of Innovation (CFI), Alberta Innovates, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation, etc. The total funding amount exceeds $12 Million Canadian Dollars during the past ten years (Note that the funding sizes in Canada are smaller than those in US because overheads are not included in award amounts).


When you use transparency in Adobe Creative Suite applications like Adobe InDesign and Adobe Illustrator, you must take care to follow best practices. This is especially important when transparency must be flattened. We discussed flattening transparency in this blog post.
• If possible, place text and vector content higher in the stacking order than objects using transparency. If the transparency is higher, it may interact with the text or vector content, forcing it to be rasterized, making it spread (thicken in weight). In the example below, even though the type doesn't touch the drop shadow around the image, it could still interact with it.
If you're using spot colors to color objects, and you're also using transparency, a PostScript raster image processor (the processor that produces the artwork for printing) must use overprinting to image both spot colors and transparency at the same time. If overprinting is not used, you may encounter an effect I call the "white box effect" behind the transparency as you see in the illustration below. When flattening occurs (as by choosing Acrobat 4 or earlier compatibility for a PDF file), the spot colored background doesn't image properly.
• Keep transparency live as long as possible. Use native file formats like Photoshop PSD and Adobe Illustrator AI files instead of saving as EPS files which will flatten the artwork. When creating PDF files from document containing live transparency, use a PDF format with Acrobat 5 compatibility or higher, such as PDF/X-4 that support transparency, if your printer's workflow supports such files.


France is the most visited country in the world and is the key attraction for the foreign tourists. The main importance of tourism in France lies in the landscape beauty, great natural sites diversity and the French cultural heritage which includes historical monuments, museums and much more. France has been ranked the third country after Spain and United States, which has the biggest revenue in terms of tourism. The official resources recorded 81.4 million foreign tourists, where France is quite ahead from United States which has 62.7 million. Since 1990, France has always been a favorite destination. The most popular valley which is known as Châteaux of the Loire Valley, the wonderful creeks which is Calanques of Marseille-Cassis and the Pilat Dune are the most appealing and fascinating for tourists from around the world.
France is a well developed and established country having tourism of around 80% which has brought the large economy profit. In 2005, the tourism consumption was about 108.11 billion Euros. The most famous tourism activities are caravans and camping in rural areas where foreign tourists specially from United Kingdom likes to visit these places during summer. Year 2013 was recorded as a good year for French tourism and travel. The assets such as diverse number of landscapes are the main attractions for international tourist. In 2013 France was the leading destination in the world, receiving around 85 million inbound arrivals. The spending in tourism, both domestic and incoming played a vital role in economic activity with a contribution of total 7% in the GDP.
In the first half of 2013, there was a decline in the count of French people who went for the holidays. Due to which the burden of local consumer's purchasing power sacrificed in order to keep their budget to fulfill their desired leisure. At the same time, the number of trips and the sales from the tourists made a remarkable growth in 2013. Specially the growing number of tourists from Italy, Belgium, Germany and primarily the wide number of inbound arrivals who are visiting from other countries such as China and Brazil who supported in development of France economy.
France is undoubtedly one of the earliest countries who attracted the tourism and became one of the famous destination in the world. France has various natural resources for different activities of tourism. Russian tourists discover Paris the most attractive, in their opinion France is a destination in which they affiliate themselves with wines, perfumes, romanticism. One should visit France at least once in their lifetime. In historical and cultural terms, France is the most appealing destination among the challenging destinations of Europe and that's the thing which makes France different from other countries for a better tourists place.


text:
Celebrity Impostor Scams
AARP | Comments: 0
En español | These days, celebrities routinely share career news, personal views, even travel videos on social media and interact with fans in comment threads. But if you get a direct message out of the blue from a favorite musician, actor or athlete, don't get starry-eyed, get skeptical — it's almost certainly a scam.
Facebook, Twitter and Instagram teem with bogus celebrity accounts set up to fool or fleece devoted fans. Scammers reach out to the real star's followers, asking for money under a variety of pretexts: donations to charity (sometimes for a cause associated with the actual celeb), exclusive tickets to private concerts or meet-and-greets, or processing fees for a big cash giveaway.
Some cons get elaborate. A fake Bruce Springsteen traded messages with a Chicago-area fan for about a year, eventually scamming her out of more than $11,500 after claiming he needed cash because his wife had tied up his assets in a divorce proceeding. (For the record, both the Boss's marriage and his bank account are reportedly doing fine.)
Have you seen this scam?
Call the AARP Fraud Watch Network Helpline: 877-908-3360
Report it on AARP's Scam-Tracking Map
Sign up for Watchdog Alerts for more tips on avoiding scams.
Numerous celebrities have posted messages and videos on their genuine social media accounts warning fans about scams, but, as country music star Trace Adkins told CBS News in 2018, taking out the fakes is like playing "whack-a-mole. … You can't stop them." A New York Times investigation found that celebrities are the subject of thousands of phony accounts. Fortunately, it's not difficult to spot them if you know what to look for.
A social media post or direct message from a seemingly celebrity-affiliated account solicits money for a charitable donation or another purpose.
A social media message in the name of a celebrity or wealthy executive says you've won a large cash prize but need to pay an entry or processing fee to secure it.
The message asks for payment by gift card, prepaid debit card or wire transfer.
The supposed star's account does not have a blue checkmark (indicating it has been verified by the social network) and has a low number of followers.
Do look for the blue checkmark on celebrity social media accounts. That indicates the platform has verified it as genuine. If there's no checkmark, it's an impostor.
Do Google the celebrity's name with the word "scam" to see if it has been connected to impostor schemes.
Do report online celebrity impersonators to the relevant social network. Facebook, Twitter and Instagram have procedures for reporting bogus accounts.
Don't give personal information or send money via wire transfer, gift card or prepaid debit card to someone you don't know and have only communicated with online, no matter how supposedly famous.
Don't engage with a supposed celebrity on an unverified social media account, even if they don't initially ask for money.
Don't believe claims about why a purported celebrity account lacks a verification mark or has an unusual handle — for example, that it's a private account the star keeps secret from management.
Report celebrity impostor scams on social media to the Federal Trade Commission (online or at 877-382-4357) and the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3).
Also From AARP
Tyler Perry warns about Facebook scammers
Reality TV star charged with COVID relief fraud
Avoiding popular scams on social networks
Veterans report impostor fraud as top complaint
About the Fraud Watch Network
Whether you have been personally affected by scams or fraud or are interested in learning more, the AARP Fraud Watch Network advocates on your behalf and equips you with the knowledge you need to feel more informed and confidently spot and avoid scams.
More From the Fraud Resource Center
Impostor Scams


You can remain a resident of your current state if you have relatives or buddies who will let you use their address, or if you set up a mailbox in someplace like Mailboxes, And so forth. To use Spend with Points, you must charge your eligible acquire by way of American Express Travel to a Membership Rewardsо plan-enrolled American Expressо Card. If a charge for any incidental air travel charge is included in a Spend More than Time feature balance on your Card Account (for example, Sign & Travel), the statement credit linked with that charge will not be applied to that Pay More than Time function balance.
Lately, we met an 80+ year old lady who was traveling alone in her RV and had locked herself out. After hard, slow and dangerous, travel has tended to grow to be easier, faster, and a lot more frivolous in the course of history. Bear in mind, every single person in the traveling celebration should fill out and sign their own kind, including those traveling as a family members. Sorry it took me so long to respond, but we've been traveling in New Mexico and out of touch for a even though.
Amtrak's Texas Eagle with Superliner automobiles pulls into Austin, Texas station in June 2011 L. Henry photo. I am back to re-bless this exceptional travel lens and congratulate you on your new purple star. If you travel for business, you are going to also make a far better impression on your client, or prospective client. I've been traveling solo with my son given that birth,luckily I've never had any difficulties. The Oxford Bus Company's Debenhams travel shop will be moving to Gloucester Green on 12th December 2016. To obtain statement credits of up to $200 per calendar year toward incidental air travel costs, Card Member have to select a qualifying airline at /airlinechoice/fhr Only the Basic Card Member or Authorized Account Manager(s) on the Card Account can select the qualifying airline. When we are on holiday or if we have to travel on company, there are so several factors that we want to do. Even so, remember that pregnant women have a tendency to tire simply.
This just goes to show that it is indeed achievable to travel about Japan inside that price range (or even lesser than that!) for 10 days. If you are on a well being insurance strategy with your employer or preceding employer (retirees), you ought to check with them about your alter of state residency to make confident you are nonetheless covered. In these cities, which must be on the quick list of any traveling photog, we cover everything you want to know just before heading to one of these destinations with your camera. I am returning to the US (soon after 30 years overseas) and planning to live in an RV and travel.
Are you searching for what to create in a secure travel, trip, or flight card for a boss, colleague, friend, husband, wife, girlfriend, boyfriend, sister, brother, mother, or any of your loved ones members who are leaving the country? I travel light and my wardrobe is well organised for the straightforward reason that I uncover suitcases too huge and as well heavy to handle. Enter the e mail address that you used to join Travelzoo and we'll send you a link to reset your password. You can choose these up for below $five, but they are fairly worthwhile whilst traveling… if you are fortunate sufficient to be traveling with a companion who shares the identical taste in music, that is. I am stunned that not one Fodor's reader challenged the poster's misinformation, as the forum is frequented by some very experienced travelers. Search engines assign a worth to thetravel extension because it has which means through its direct connection to travel and tourism, unlikecom.
LA Winter Escape lets you keep at a single of LA's most renowned properties — your selection of the Beverly Hills Hotel or Hotel Bel Air — and benefit from more than $400 of savings and credits, even for a one particular-evening remain before January 31, 2017. Only SAA tickets issued in South Africa flying to anywhere outside of South Africa, in booking classes L, V, T, Q, S, H, K, M, B, Y, D, Z, J or C booked and issued at a Confident Travel agency in between 01 November 2016 and 31 March 2017, for travel departing by 31 March 2017, are eligible for entry. I am positive the day will come when I will have grandchildren and will very possibly be traveling with them the guidance will nonetheless apply.
Although travel nursing was solely the realm of RNs in the past, this field has largely expanded in the 21st century – Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), Nursing Techs, and Healthcare Techs and allied wellness specialists are also placed by agencies that specialize in the traveling well being care professions. These experts can get pleasure from higher freedom in traveling than in operating in website-bound nursing and can anticipate greater wages and higher positive aspects as properly. It will cover any missed flights, lost baggage, stolen products but make certain the policy includes pregnancy complication as travel in the course of pregnancy can be unpredictable. By the finish the of twentieth century, it was broadly acknowledged and recognised that the travel and tourism sector, 1 of the biggest industries and a important engine of worldwide economic growth, required a devoted top level domain name.


text:
- [About](#about)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Demo](#demo)
- [Development](#development)
- [License](#licence)

## About

This plugin is an AngularJS port of the original jQuery bootstrap calendar that can be found here:
http://bootstrap-calendar.azurewebsites.net/

The layout and functionality is intended to be exactly the same, but without the overhead of including jQuery just for a calendar.

All credits for the UI/UX and the less files of the calendar go to the original author.

Pull requests are welcome.

## Installation

The calendar has a few dependencies, these are as follows, and must be included BEFORE the plugin files:
cd
* [AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/) 1.3.x or 1.4.x are supported
* [Angular Material](https://material.angularjs.org/) 0.11.x
* [Moment.js](http://momentjs.com/)
* [interact.js](http://interactjs.io/) (optional, include to allow drag and drop on the calendar)

You will need to include the JS and CSS files for the plugin:

```
<link href="angular-material-calendar/dist/css/angular-material-calendar.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="angular-material-calendar/dist/js/angular-material-calendar-tpls.min.js"></script>
```

Add the module dependency in your AngularJS app (you can remove ui.bootstrap if you don't want the extra dependency - it is only required for collapse animations and tooltips):

```javascript
angular.module('myApp', ['md.calendar', 'ngMaterial']);
```

## Documentation

There is a single directive exposed to create the calendar, use it like so:
```javascript
<md-calendar
    view="calendarView"
    current-day="calendarDay"
    events="events"
    view-title="calendarTitle"
    on-event-click="eventClicked(calendarEvent)"
    on-event-times-changed="calendarEvent.startsAt = calendarNewEventStart; calendarEvent.endsAt = calendarNewEventEnd"
    edit-event-html="'<i class=\'glyphicon glyphicon-pencil\'></i>'"
    delete-event-html="'<i class=\'glyphicon glyphicon-remove\'></i>'"
    on-edit-event-click="eventEdited(calendarEvent)"
    on-delete-event-click="eventDeleted(calendarEvent)"
    cell-is-open="true">
</md-calendar>
```

An explanation of the properties is as follows:

### view (required attribute)

This variable is a string that can be either `year`, `month`, `week` or `day`. Changing it will change the view of the calendar.

For the calendar to display this variable needs to be set like so:
```javascript
$scope.calendarView = 'month';
```

### current-day (required attribute)

This variable holds the current day the calendar is centralised on. Each view will decide on its current year / month / week / day depending on the value of this variable.

### events (required attribute)

An array of events to display on the calendar. For example:
```javascript
$scope.events = [
  {
    title: 'My event title', // The title of the event
    type: 'info', // The type of the event (determines its color). Can be important, warning, info, inverse, success or special
    startsAt: new Date(2013,5,1,1), // A javascript date object for when the event starts
    endsAt: new Date(2014,8,26,15), // Optional - a javascript date object for when the event ends
    editable: false, // If edit-event-html is set and this field is explicitly set to false then dont make it editable.
    deletable: false, // If delete-event-html is set and this field is explicitly set to false then dont make it deleteable
    draggable: true, //Allow an event to be dragged and dropped
    resizable: true, //Allow an event to be resizable
    incrementsBadgeTotal: true, //If set to false then will not count towards the badge total amount on the month and year view
    recursOn: 'year', // If set the event will recur on the given period. Valid values are year or month
    cssClass: 'a-css-class-name' //A CSS class (or more, just separate with spaces) that will be added to the event when it is displayed on each view. Useful for marking an event as selected / active etc
  }
];
```

`title`, `type` and `startsAt` are required for all events.

### view-title

This variable will be assigned to the calendar title. If you want to change the formatting you can use the `calendarConfigProvider` or just override the appropriate method in the `calendarTitle` factory.

### on-event-click

This expression is called when an event is clicked on the calendar. `calendarEvent` can be used in the expression and contains the calendar event that was clicked on.

### on-event-times-changed

This expression is called when an event is dragged and dropped or resized into a different date / time on the calendar. The available values that are passed to the expression are: `calendarEvent`, `calendarNewEventStart` and `calendarNewEventEnd`. The directive won't change the event object and leaves that up to you to implement. Please note drag and drop is only available by including the [interact.js](http://interactjs.io/) library.

### edit-event-html

If provided this piece of html will be displayed next to an event on the year and month view and will fire the function passed to edit-event-click.

### delete-event-html

If provided this piece of html will be displayed next to an event on the year and month view and will fire the function passed to delete-event-click.

### on-edit-event-click

This expression is called when an event edit link is clicked on the calendar. `calendarEvent` can be used in the expression and contains the calendar event that was clicked on.

### on-delete-event-click

This expression is called when an event delete link is clicked on the calendar. `calendarEvent` can be used in the expression and contains the calendar event that was clicked on.

### on-timespan-click

This expression is called when a month, day or hour on the calendar is clicked on the year, month and day views respectively. `calendarDate` can be used in the expression and contains the start of the month, day or hour that was clicked on.

### cell-is-open

A 2 way bound variable that when set to true will open the year or month view cell that corresponds to the date passed to the date object passed to `current-day`.

### day-view-start

An interpolated string in the form of hh:mm to start the day view at, e.g. setting it to 06:00 will start the day view at 6am

### day-view-end

An interpolated string in the form of hh:mm to end the day view at, e.g. setting it to 22:00 will end the day view at 10pm

### day-view-split

The number of chunks to split the day view hours up into. Can be either 10, 15 or 30. Default: 30

### on-drill-down-click

An optional expression that is evaluated when the drilldown (clicking on a date to change the view) is triggered. Return false from the expression function to disable the drilldown. `calendarDate` can be used in the expression and contains the date that was selected. `calendarNextView` is the view that the calendar will be changed to.

### cell-modifier

An optional expression that is evaluated on each cell generated for the year and month views. `calendarCell` can be used in the expression and is an object containing the current cell data which you can modify (see the `calendarHelper` service source code or just console.log it to see what data is available). If you add the `cssClass` property it will be applied to the cell.

### month-cell-template-url

An interpolated string template url that can be used to override the default month cell template.

### month-cell-events-template-url

An interpolated string template url that can be used to override the default month cell events.

## Custom directive templates

All templates apart from the month cell templates are linked to directives so you can change any template and use your own using a decorator like so:
```
//This will change the slide box directive template to one of your choosing
app.config(['$provide', function($provide) {
  $provide.decorator('mdCalendarSlideBoxDirective', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
    var directive = $delegate[0];
    delete directive.template; //the calendar uses template instead of template-url so you need to delete this
    directive.templateUrl = 'path/to/my/slide/box/template.html';
    return $delegate;
  }]);
}]);
```

For more info on using decorators see this [great guide](http://angular-tips.com/blog/2013/09/experiment-decorating-directives/).

## The mwl-date-modifier directive

There is also a helper directive that you can use for the next, today and previous buttons. Use it like so:

```html
<button
  class="btn btn-primary"
  mwl-date-modifier
  date="calendarDay"
  decrement="calendarView">
  Previous
</button>

<button
  class="btn btn-default"
  mwl-date-modifier
  date="calendarDay"
  set-to-today>
  Today
</button>

<button
  class="btn btn-primary"
  mwl-date-modifier
  date="calendarDay"
  increment="calendarView">
  Next
</button>
```

## Internationalization and localization

You can either use angular's date filter or moment.js to format dates. The default is to use angular. You can change the formatter to be moment like so:

```javascript
angular.module('myModule')
  .config(function(calendarConfigProvider) {

    calendarConfigProvider.setDateFormatter('moment'); // use moment to format dates

  });
```

Then you just need to include the appropriate locale files for your app.

If you want to dynamically change the locale for angular and not include all of the available angular locale files [try this library](https://github.com/lgalfaso/angular-dynamic-locale).

Otherwise if using moment you can call `moment.locale('YOUR_LOCALE_STRING')` to change the locale and the calendar will auto update.

To set Monday as the first day of the week, configure it in moment like so (even if using angular for formatting dates):
```javascript
moment.locale('en', {
  week : {
    dow : 1 // Monday is the first day of the week
  }
});
```

## Configuring date formats

You can easily customise the date formats and i18n strings used throughout the calendar by using the `calendarConfigProvider`. Please note that these example formats are those used by moment.js and these won't work if using angular as the date formatter. Example usage:

```javascript
angular.module('myModule')
  .config(function(calendarConfigProvider) {

    calendarConfigProvider.setDateFormatter('moment'); // use either moment or angular to format dates on the calendar. Default angular. Setting this will override any date formats you have already set.

    calendarConfigProvider.setDateFormats({
      hour: 'HH:mm' // this will configure times on the day view to display in 24 hour format rather than the default of 12 hour
    });

    calendarConfigProvider.setTitleFormats({
      day: 'ddd D MMM' //this will configure the day view title to be shorter
    });

    calendarConfigProvider.setI18nStrings({
      eventsLabel: 'Events', //This will set the events label on the day view
      timeLabel: 'Time' //This will set the time label on the time view
    });

    calendarConfigProvider.setDisplayAllMonthEvents(true); //This will display all events on a month view even if they're not in the current month. Default false.

    calendarConfigProvider.setDisplayEventEndTimes(true); //This will display event end times on the month and year views. Default false.

  });
```

For a full list of all available formats and their defaults see [calendarConfig.js](http://jupitar.github.io/angular-material-calendar/blob/master/src/services/calendarConfig.js)

## Demo

http://jupitar.github.io/angular-material-calendar/

## Development

### Prepare your environment
* Install [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and NPM (should come with)
* Install local dev dependencies: `npm install` while current directory is this repo

### Development server
Run `npm start` to start a development server on port 8000 with auto reload + run tests.

### Testing
Run `npm test` to run tests once or `npm run test:watch` to continually run tests (this is automatic when you run `npm start`).

### Build
Run `npm run build` to build the project files in the dist folder

## License

The MIT License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
 * based on minimum2scp/debian-wheezy image
 * Runs [/opt/init-wrapper/sbin/init](https://github.com/minimum2scp/dockerfiles/blob/master/baseimage-wheezy/build/opt/init-wrapper/sbin/init) by default
   * /opt/init-wrapper/sbin/init invokes all scripts in /opt/init-wrapper/pre-init.d (using run-parts), and exec /sbin/init
   * /sbin/init is replaced by sysvinit-core package
   * /sbin/init invokes sshd, rsyslogd, cron daemons
   * /etc/rc.local invokes all scripts in /opt/init-wrapper/post-init.d (using run-parts)
 * ja_JP.UTF-8 locale supported. (default locale is C)
 * timezone is Asia/Tokyo
 * etckeeper installed

## start container

```
docker run -d -p 2222:22 minimum2scp/wheezy-baseimage:latest
```

## ssh login to container

ssh login to container:

```
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no debian@<container IP address>
```

or use published port:

```
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p 2222 debian@localhost
```

 * user "debian" is available
 * default password is "debian"
   * to change password, set environment variable `USER_PASSWORD` (see /opt/init-wrapper/pre-init.d/04-chpass-and-sshkey)
   * to set ssh public key into `~/.ssh/authorized_keys`, set environment variable `USER_SSH_KEY_URI` (see /opt/init-wrapper/pre-init.d/04-chpass-and-sshkey)
 * user "debian" can use sudo command without password
 * `id debian`: `uid=2000(debian) gid=2000(debian) groups=2000(debian),4(adm),27(sudo)`

## processes

```
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 01:52 ?        Ss     0:00 init [2]
root        37     1  0 01:52 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd
root        62     1  0 01:52 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/cron
root        73     1  0 01:52 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root        80    73  0 01:52 ?        Ss     0:00  \_ sshd: debian [priv]
debian      82    80  0 01:52 ?        S      0:00      \_ sshd: debian@pts/0
debian      83    82  0 01:52 pts/0    Ss     0:00          \_ -bash
debian      89    83  0 01:52 pts/0    R+     0:00              \_ ps -ef fww
```

## ports

 * TCP/22: sshd

## packages

difference between minimum2scp/debian:latest and minimum2scp/wheezy-baseimage:latest

```
% docker run --rm minimum2scp/debian-wheezy:latest bash -c 'export LANG=C; export COLUMNS=120; dpkg -l' > /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-t4hmly.out
% docker run --rm minimum2scp/baseimage-wheezy:latest bash -c 'export LANG=C; export COLUMNS=120; dpkg -l' > /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-15qy4fy.out
% diff -u /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-t4hmly.out /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-15qy4fy.out
--- /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-t4hmly.out	2015-09-10 00:13:15.969498484 +0900
+++ /tmp/docker-diff.20150910-1994-15qy4fy.out	2015-09-10 00:13:17.125523996 +0900
@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@
 |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
 ||/ Name                     Version           Architecture      Description
 +++-========================-=================-=================-=====================================================
+ii  adduser                  3.113+nmu3        all               add and remove users and groups
 ii  apt                      0.9.7.9+deb7u7    amd64             commandline package manager
+ii  apt-utils                0.9.7.9+deb7u7    amd64             package managment related utility programs
 ii  base-files               7.1wheezy9        amd64             Debian base system miscellaneous files
 ii  base-passwd              3.5.26            amd64             Debian base system master password and group files
 ii  bash                     4.2+dfsg-0.1+deb7 amd64             GNU Bourne Again SHell
+ii  bsdmainutils             9.0.3             amd64             collection of more utilities from FreeBSD
 ii  bsdutils                 1:2.20.1-5.3      amd64             Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
+ii  ca-certificates          20130119+deb7u1   all               Common CA certificates
 ii  coreutils                8.13-3.5          amd64             GNU core utilities
+ii  cron                     3.0pl1-124        amd64             process scheduling daemon
+ii  curl                     7.26.0-1+wheezy13 amd64             command line tool for transferring data with URL synt
 ii  dash                     0.5.7-3           amd64             POSIX-compliant shell
 ii  debconf                  1.5.49            all               Debian configuration management system
 ii  debconf-i18n             1.5.49            all               full internationalization support for debconf
@@ -18,11 +24,15 @@
 ii  dpkg                     1.16.16           amd64             Debian package management system
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@@ -62,24 +104,43 @@
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```


text:
The Lunar Atmosphere: a surface-bounded exosphere that builds a record of delivery of water to the Earth's oceans
Written by CMOS Bulletin SCMO on August 15, 2018 . Posted in Space, What's Current.
– By Paul Godin, Jacob Kloos, Tue Giang Nguyen, Jasmeer Sangha, and John Moores, Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University –
The moon has been and still is an area of great interest in the field of planetary sciences. Because its atmosphere is extremely thin (typically, you will find no more than one million molecules per cubic centimeter, whereas on Earth the density at sea level is typically twelve orders of magnitude greater), the moon was once widely regarded as having no atmosphere at all. However, thanks to the Apollo missions and the subsequent Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) missions, we have a much greater understanding of the composition of the lunar atmosphere. Earth-based telescopes have detected traces of sodium, argon and potassium atoms in the atmosphere while measurements from the Apollo missions detected other gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. There is also an extensive dust atmosphere resulting from the constant bombardment of micrometeorites. The LRO along with its companion the Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) later discovered water deposits at the poles hinting at a possible water cycle on the surface of the moon [Dunbar, 2013].
With such a low density, the lunar atmosphere is technically a "surface boundary exosphere". Indeed, the conditions near the surface of the moon are very comparable to the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The difference between the bulk of the terrestrial atmosphere below the exobase (the boundary between the thermosphere and the exosphere) and the exosphere above lies in the way molecules interact with one another through collisions. Below the exobase, atmospheric molecules are constantly colliding, evening out temperature and compositional properties. However, in the much thinner exosphere, molecules are extremely unlikely to collide, and their trajectories are constrained only by incoming solar energy and gravity giving rise to ballistic motion. Molecules that have gained a lot of energy from the sun may even find themselves escaping the gravity of earth completely (Jeans escape) and fly off into space never to be seen again [UCAR, 2011].
Ultimately, the exosphere is the boundary between the atmosphere and space. Understanding the exosphere is therefore very important for understanding the dynamics of volatiles on the moon, in particular: water. Our group, the Planetary Volatiles Laboratory at York University, is very interested in how water molecules migrate ballistically across the surface and how that movement can be detected. Additionally, understanding the dynamics of the lunar surface-bound exosphere allows for greater insight into the processes that affect other planetary bodies with a similar atmosphere including Mercury, large asteroids, and the moons of the giant gas planets.
Another open question is from which source did the Moon's water originate? Possible sources include delivery directly by impacts or recombined hydrogen implanted from the solar wind [e.g. Sunshine et al., 2009; Dyar et al., 2010; McCord et al., 2011]. All of these sources also impact the water inventory on the Earth and, as such, reservoirs of ice on the moon may preserve a record of bulk water delivered to the Earth-Moon system by cometary impactors. Perhaps as much as 1014 kg could have accumulated over the past 2 Ga [Arnold, 1979]. Another exciting possible source is that the moon could have retained some water sourced from the Earth following the giant impact which formed the satellite. Analysis of the isotopic composition of hydrogen from ancient lunar highlands samples and water reservoirs on Earth show remarkable consistency, strongly suggesting a shared origin between lunar and Earth water [Barnes et al., 2014].
For exploration, this water ice offers a potential readily available source of hydrogen and oxygen that can be used to sustain exploration activities. The water itself can be used by astronauts directly as potable water, the oxygen can be used to manufacture breathable air and the hydrogen can be used as a feedstock to produce fuel for operations and eventual return to the Earth. Knowledge of ice deposit locations and reservoir inventories would be an important factor when deciding where to build a potential lunar base. In short, the water deposits on the moon have high scientific and exploration value.
Ballistic Motion
The transport of volatiles is fundamentally different on the moon compared to within collisional planetary atmospheres. Take for example the water cycle; on Earth, water in liquid form can evaporate into the atmosphere where it may ultimately condense and fall back to Earth; may it be in liquid or solid form. Due to the low atmospheric pressure (3×10-15 bar) on the Moon, water is never in liquid form thus must go through different processes to migrate to different regions.
For particles to leave the lunar surface they must sublimate. Once the Sun sufficiently heats the surface, approximately 150 K, the ice molecules will enter a gaseous state and unbind from the lunar regolith. Due to the thin atmosphere, atmospheric interactions are extremely unlikely, and these molecules convert the newly acquired thermal energy to kinetic energy as they undergo ballistic motion (i.e projectile motion). Once airborne, the molecules will undergo one of four possible outcomes:
1. A high energy UV photon from the Sun hits the molecule and photodissociation of the water molecule occurs. The energy absorbed needs to be high enough to cleave apart the molecule by exceeding bond energies between its constituents.
2. The water molecule gains enough kinetic energy from the initial sublimation interaction to completely escape the Moon's gravitational pull and is lost to space.
3. The particle completes its ballistic trajectory and lands back on the surface where it gives up its energy, waiting for the next photon sublimation interaction to hop again.
4. The particle completes its ballistic trajectory at a region of permanent shadow which protects it from further sublimation.
On the Moon, using typical solar activity levels, water has a photodissociation rate of 1.26 x 10-5 mol/s, which results in approximately 90-95% of particles photo-dissociating while hopping along the lunar surface before reaching a region of permanent shadow, thus the eventual fate of most water is outcome #1. However, the probability of any individual molecule being photo-dissociated on any single hop is very low. Furthermore, only a small number of molecules (<1%) on the long tail of the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of sublimation energies gain enough kinetic energy to exceed the Moon's escape velocity, 2.38 km/s and suffer outcome #2. That leaves the 5-10% that will eventually make it all the way to the permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles.
As a result of the relatively low number of molecules that are dissociated in a single hop or escape on any particular hop, molecules spend most of their time making large jumps near the equator. As they proceed towards the poles, they make smaller jumps, as shown in Figure 1. It is important to note that night time temperatures can plummet to 100 K (Figure 2), meaning particles that land on the night-side of the moon will lay dormant until sunrise. Most of the lunar surface is unstable in terms of temperature, though there are small cold regions near the poles that remain in shadow yearlong allowing for particles to be trapped for long periods of time. These regions are known as permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) and can function as traps for volatiles on the moon.
The Search for Lunar Water Ice Deposits
The potential for the PSRs of the Moon to preserve water has been recognized for over 60 years [Urey, 1951]. Spacecraft have observed hydrogen signals consistent with significant deposits of water ice at these PSRs [Mitrofanov et al., 2010; 2012]. Observations made by the Neutron Spectrometers onboard the Lunar Prospector orbiter in the late 1990s [Feldman et al., 1998], later confirmed by the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment onboard the LRO [Mitrofanov et al., 2010; 2012), clearly show the hydrogen signal. Additionally, ultraviolet Lyman-α (121.6 nm) reflectivity [Gladstone et al., 2012] suggest that some of this water may be exposed at the surface.
Better understanding of the distribution of lunar water ice is still needed. In some places this ice is observed as frost directly on the surfaces of the PSRs, while in other locations more extensive deposits are inferred below the surface. For the surficial component, distinguishing ice from lunar regolith can be achieved by their different reflectivity at different wavelengths as shown in Figure 3. Since the reflectivity of ice changes significantly going from UV to IR, while regolith reflectivity changes only a little bit, the ratio of images taken at different wavelengths filters can reveal the location of ice.
Both NASA and ESA have planned satellite missions to map lunar ice distribution. Both missions will use active remote sensing, using visible and IR light sources carried on board. In our research we have recently been examining a passive remote sensing approach, using far-UV (FUV) and visible light from the background starfield.
Illumination Conditions at the Poles
To investigate the ice in the PSRs remotely, some photons are needed. As luck would have it, PSRs aren't so shadowed after all – they can see the stars. One of the brightest wavelengths for peering into these dark places is therefore in the Lyman-α portion of the FUV where hydrogen atoms emit light. Quantifying the FUV and visible photon flux within PSRs is important in determining the viability of in-situ passive remote imaging.
The precise photon flux reaching the PSR surfaces can be determined using astronomical data sets that map the entire sky in FUV and visible bands. For FUV, the Solar Wind Anisotropies (SWAN) instrument on board the Solar Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft acquires background maps the entire sky in FUV light (115 – 180 nm). To model the visible photon flux within lunar PSRs, we utilize the Color All-Sky Panorama Image of the Milky Way from Mellinger [2009]. Additionally, the visible photon flux reaching the PSRs will also be contributed by scattered sunlight from the crater walls, which has been shown to be significant by Mazarico et al., [2011].
The results from this work, shown in Figure 4, are presented in the form a map for the north and south pole showing the ratio of FUV/Visible light reaching the PSRs. All areas of color represent a PSR (as determined from the work of Mazarico et al., [2011]). These maps reveal that there are approximately equal amounts of FUV and visible light that reach the PSRs, and little geographic variation is observed at large or small-scales.
Figure 5: Experimental set-up for studying UV/Vis reflectivity of ice and regolith.
This theoretical work has been complimented with experimental studies that have been performed using a cryo-vacuum chamber within the Planetary Volatiles Laboratory at York University. This chamber will be used to simulate the thermal and radiation environment of the lunar PSRs. To simulate the diffuse light sources that illuminate the lunar PSRs, the ice/regolith samples will be irradiated with FUV and visible radiation sources. Two cameras were interfaced with vacuum chamber to perform the imaging experiments: a VIS/NIR imager and a FUV imager (see Figure 5), thus allowing wavelength characterization of the samples.
Lunar regolith simulant (JSC-1A) and ice samples were held in a small cylindrical copper container located in the center of the chamber. The samples used in our study consisted of: (1) a completely "dry" sample, consisting of pure regolith simulant; (2) an intimate mixture of (roughly) equal parts water ice and regolith; (3) water ice added on top of regolith simulant and (4) pure water ice. These samples were imaged with the FUV and Visible imagers. From these experiments, we can confirm that the reflectivity ratio of regolith changes very little, while as we increase the amount of water ice, the ratio decreases significantly corresponding to less reflection of the ice in the FUV.
In summary, the lunar atmosphere is far more than just the vacuum of space. Volatiles hop around the surface following ballistic trajectories, eventually settling in PSRs. Determining the distribution and size of these deposits and can tell us much about the atmospheric cycles on the moon. Several future lunar missions are planned to investigate the distribution of water deposits on the Moon, taking advantage of the changes in reflectivity of ice and regolith at different wavelengths. Simulation work done in our lab shows that this detection can be done passively, using FUV and visible radiation. Since the Earth and moon share a common origin for water, analyzing water samples from these deposits can also yield insights about the history of our own oceans.
The Authors, From Left to Right: Tue Giang Nguyen, Jasmeer Sangha, Paul Godin and Jacob Kloos
Dunbar, B. (2013, June 08). Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon? Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LADEE/news/lunar-atmosphere.html
UCAR. (2011). Exosphere – Overview. Retrieved from https://scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/exosphere-overview
Moores, J. E. (2016), Lunar water migration in the interval between large impacts: Heterogeneous delivery to Permanently Shadowed Regions, fractionation, and diffusive barriers, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 121,46–60, doi:10.1002/2015JE004929.
Vasavada, A., et al. Lunar equatorial surface temperatures and regolith properties from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, 2012.
Urey, H.C. (1951) The Planets, their origin and development. Yale University Press, New Haven,
Connecticut.
Mitrofanov, I. and 28 co-authors (2010) Hydrogen Mapping of the Lunar South Pole Using the LRO
Neutron Detector Experiment LEND. Science 330 (6003) pp. 483- doi: 10.1126/science.1185696
Mitrofanov, I. and 23 co-authors (2012) Testing polar spots of water-rich permafrost on the Moon: LEND observations onboard LRO. J. Geophys Res. 117 E00H27 doi: 10.1029/2011JE003956
Feldman, W.C., S. Maurice, A.B. Binder, B.L. Barraclough, R.C. Elphic and D.J. Lawrence (1998) Fluxes of Fast and Epithermal Neutrons from Lunar Prospector: Evidence for Water Ice at the Lunar Poles. Science 281 (5382) pp.1496-1500
Gladstone, G.R. and 19 co-authors (2012) Far-ultraviolet reflectance properties of the Moon's permanently shadowed regions. J. Geophys. Res. 117 (E00H04) doi: 10.1029/2011JE003913
Sunshine, J.M., T.L. Farnham, L.M. Feaga, O. Groussin, F. Merlin, R.E. Milliken and M.F. A'Hearn (2009) Temporal and Spatial Variability of Lunar Hydration As Observed by the Deep Impact Spacecraft. Science 326 (5952) pp. 565-568.
Dyar, M.D., C.A. Hibbitts and T.M. Orlando (2011) Mechanisms for incorporation of hydrogen in and on terrestrial planetary surfaces. Icarus 208 (1) p. 425-437.
McCord, T.B., L.A. Taylor, J.-P. Combe, G. Kramer, C.M. Pieters, J.M. Sunshine and R.N. Clark (2011) Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3). J. Geophys. Res. 116 E00G05 doi: 10.1029/2010JE003711
Arnold, J.R. (1979) Ice in the lunar polar regions. J. Geophys Res 84(B10) 5659-5667
Jessica J. Barnes, Romain Tartèse, Mahesh Anand, Francis M. McCubbin, Ian A. Franchi, Natalie A. Starkey, and Sara S. Russell (2014), The origin of water in the primitive Moon as revealed by the lunar highlands samples, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 390, p.244-252
Mellinger, A. (2009), A Color All-Sky Panorama Image of the Milky Way. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 121:1180–1187
Mazarico, E., G. A. Neumann, D. E. Smith, M. T. Zuber, and M. H. Torrence (2011), Illumination conditions of the lunar polar regions using LOLA topography, Icarus, 211, 1066–1081
ballistic motion, John Moores, lunar atmosphere, Paul Godin, PSR


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