text:
Telegram Messenger is a highly encrypted messaging platform that allows users to send messages and make communications across the globe in a highly private and secret environment. Unlike most of the instant messenger, Telegram Messenger never locates the identity of its users and not keep an eye on the behavior of its users… read more
Homepage Facebook Twitter Linkedin Instagram
What are best Telegram Messenger Alternatives for Android?
#1 WhatsApp
WhatsApp is a multiplatform, instant messaging, and audio chatting app to have a quality time while watching content. It supports video chatting, as well. Most of the people like to use WhatsApp for creating and joining groups. The best about WhatsApp is that it can be used as an instant messenger and social networking platform at the same time.
WhatsApp allows its users to create and join groups of others as well to have endless conversations. They can then share videos, images, links, gifs, documents, text messages, audio messages, clips, and all other necessary information in groups.
In terms of instant messaging, WhatsApp is an elegantly designed social app for making free calls and sending messages for free. If you are a regular user of text messaging and most of the contacts in your phone directory are using WhatsApp, then instead of paying for the cellular packages, you can use WhatsApp to send free messages to any other WhatsApp user.
It also supports all the media files, doc files, and other types of file sharing. The best about WhatsApp is that it never disrupts the communication of its users by showing ads during the conversation.
#2 Google Allo
Google Allo is an Instant Messaging Mobile Application created by Google for Android and iOS platforms. This application requires phone numbers as identifiers and allows their users to exchange messages, voice notes, images, and video notes. It also has a virtual assistant option that automatic generate reply suggestions, find locations and set alarms, etc.
Google Allo is an enjoyable messaging application that helps you to say more and more. Express yourself with smart replay, new stickers, and huge emoji. One of the most interesting things about this app is that it offers an Incognito mode that allows its users to send messages with end-to-end encryption and use the private chat room to keep your chats more discreet etc.
Google Allo introduces a new Whisper Shout feature that allows you to increase or decrease the size of a text with the help of representing volume and the ability to draw photos before sending them. It is one of the best Messaging Applications as compared to others.
#3 Kik
Kik (also known as Kik Messenger) is a Free Messaging Mobile Application available to use on Android and iOS platforms. The application uses a smartphone's data plan or Wi-Fi to send or receive messages, images, videos, mobile web pages, sketches, and other content after users register a username.
It is popular for its features preserving users anonymously such as allows the users to register without providing the phone numbers. Kik mobile application is more than just a messaging that allows you to send images, videos, games, and gifs whatever you want. It is the easiest way to connect with your friends, stay in the loop and explore all through conversation.
Kik allows you to stay in touch with all of your friends, no matter who you are, or what device you are using. Chat one-on-one, with your whole group or with a bot. Kik also includes lots of key features such as multiple ways to say whatever, simple and easy to understand interface, support world's largest community, use code to connect you with people and place, status option and editing tools. Kik is one of the best ways to discover and meet new friends from all over the world.
#4 WhatsApp Web
WhatsApp Web is a simple, secure and reliable messaging application that allows you to send and receive text messages, images, videos and voice messages on your browser. WhatsApp application is available to use on both mobile devices such as Android and iOS device and now you can use it on your web browser without any limitation.
To open it into your browser, first, you need to visit Web. WhatsApp and then open your WhatsApp on your phone, tab set, select WhatsApp Web and point your phone to the screen in order to capture the code. When your screen captures the code, you can easily access all features on your web browser.
With the help of this application, you can be also able to make audio and video call that makes it more interesting. WhatsApp Web includes core features such as group chat and call, share location, exchange contacts, offline messages and always logged in, etc. WhatsApp Web is one of the best messaging application on the web.
#5 Telegram X
Telegram X is free to use messaging application that focuses on Security. This social app is developed by Telegram LLC, and you can download it on Android and iOS devices. With this application, you can easily send and receive unlimited text messages, images, videos, audios, voice messages and even play a variety of games together with friends.
As compared to all the other messaging applications it has a massive range of unique emoji and stickers and allows you to create your own sticker that makes it better than others. Telegram X introduces a new theme change feature and allow you to change multiple themes that depend on your model.
You can be also able to customize each theme with own color and images. The application also includes lots of prominent features such as to send and receive document files, send location, a huge range of stickers, play videos before download and play games, etc. Overall, Telegram X is an excellent messaging app for all ages.
#6 Frim
Frim is a free to use social communication application that helps you to connect with new people around the world on local chat rooms. With the help of this application, you can make new friends, meet new locals for a coffee while you travel, or just chat with the same interest people online to express your feelings.
It has more than 5 million users and allows you to meet new people and make new friends fast easily. Like Facebook and lots of the leading social media applications, it also enables you to send friend requests, and once accepted, you can easily send and receive unlimited messages without any limitation. Frim offer enhances communication system and allows you to send and receive text messages, images, videos, location, and even voice messages, etc.
To make it a comprehensive social app, it introduces an anonymous chat feature that allows you to interact with strangers anonymously; you just need to pick any nickname and start chatting. Frim also includes core features such as sending and receiving funny stickers and cool gifts, flick through and pick profiles you like, use filters to find someone, express yourself with different badges and post a day to day thoughts, etc.
#7 Localphone
Localphone is an online tool that allows cheap international calls through your computer, landline, and mobile devices. The tool claims that it provides affordable call rates than its competitors up to 88%. It is a free tool and available on desktop platforms such as Mac, Windows, and mobile platforms easily.
Localphone allows you to set DIDs or phone numbers as an outgoing caller ID and provides the services of outgoing SMS. The tool offers a five-minute free call for trial purposes and no monthly contracts or connection charges. It has global SMS services that help you to send text messages internationally with simple signup and enter a number then type your message and receive instant replay with ease.
The top features of Localphone include call form your phone or computer, incoming numbers, voice over internet protocol, view your conversation online, rent an incoming number, and many more.
An additional feature of Localphone is VoIP that can work with any compatible VoIP device, free calls, full range of voicemail and advanced setting etc. It offers monthly subscriptions including 167 countries with currency options.
#8 Google Hangouts
Google Hangouts is a social communication application that helps users stay connected with their friends and family, and they can send them both text and calls. The platform also comes with the ability to do video calling to see their loved ones' faces. Moreover, it also allows users to send all kinds of text along with images, emoji, and GIFs.
Users can also sync their chats, and they can access the software both from their desktop and mobile devices and can stay connected from anywhere. Furthermore, it also allows users to video call their friends either separately or in a group form. Users can also get the lowest calling rates when they call people, and the calling rates apply everywhere.
Google Hangouts also enables users to stay connected with their friends and family, and they can send them a message even when they are offline. Moreover, users need to connect the app with their phone number, and users will also have to verify their phone number for this purpose.
#9 Google Hangouts Meet
Google Hangouts Meet is a platform that allows users to get their hands on premium video meetings. The platform helps users to get their business meetings done easily by bringing every employee. Moreover, users can communicate with each other through messaging, voice, and video calls.
The platform allows users to start a conversation with a friend through photos, maps, emojis, stickers, etc. Moreover, users can also contact their people through video and voice calls, and they can invite up to ten people into a group. It allows users to keep everything sync with all of their devices.
Google Hangouts Meet comes with a simple interface that allows users to select the type of communication through which they want to start the conversation. Moreover, users can add as many contacts into the software as they want, and they can remove any person from the group with a single click.
#10 ooVoo Video Chat
ooVoo Video Chat is a communication platform that offers users instant messaging and video call services to stay connected with each other. The platform provides filtering effects during video calling to make it more interesting. It allows users to send messages, images, or videos worldwide to anyone with simple clicks.
The software enables users to have a video chat with up to six people, and users can easily add each other to their contacts through the ooVoo links. Users just have to register themselves on the platform, and all the messaging and video calling is free of cost. It comes with ooVoo Chains features, which allows users to create a collection of their short videos, images of text, and share them with other people.
The platform offers high-quality video calling, even with as low as a 2-megapixel camera, the picture quality will be good. Apart from its communication services, the platform also allows users to create content with the help of their videos and share it on the ooVoo community. Moreover, it also enables users to view top trending video collaborations going on worldwide. The best thing about ooVoo Video Chat is that it works on all networks, and offers both 1-on-1 and group calling facility. It is free of cost software, and customer support is available through email.
#11 Sightcall
Sightcall is a web-based platform that provides customer service through visual support with the help of its augmented reality and Artificial Intelligence Insights. The platform helps the companies to reduce their field footprint and enables them to blend the digital and physical worlds into a collaborative environment to guide customers remotely. It allows the customers to show their problems in real-time to the support official who can solve them remotely without going into the field.
The platform also allows the companies to help their on-field technicians to improve their efficiency and solves the problem faster. The best thing about this platform is that it enables the organizations to cover both a town and the whole globe, and companies can provide assistance through it even under poor network conditions. Moreover, there is no hindrance in the connection as the platform is powered by a global data center network that provides the best quality of experience.
Sightcall's augmented reality feature enables remote experts to show technicians how to perform tasks with the help of digital AR tools. It can guide them through complex repairs with on-screen annotations. The platform has a wide range of customers ranging from Insurance companies to the Telecommunication sector and from Transportation to Life and Medical Sciences departments. Moreover, it offers secure processing of customer and user data through its GDPR Compliance and SOC2 Type II Certification. It comes with paid services only, and customer support is available through email and phone.
#12 Skype for Business
Skype is one of the best Communication solutions that has millions of users around the world who can use it to communicate with their clients, team members, family, and friends. To make it more efficient and features-rich for businesses, Skype introduces a particular version known as Skype for Business. It comes with all the leading business tools and integrates with all the modern business solutions, including Microsoft's Office 365, that make it a complete meeting platform.
With the help of this, you can easily make VoIP calls or engage in the message, video, and audio chats, before engaging in meetings with more than 250 people. It also offers advanced scheduling, 1080p HD video conferencing, real-time application, desktop sharing, and much more. Skype Meeting Broadcast broadens the reach to host webinars for 10000+ attendees integrating full producer controls, Bing Pulse polling, and audience participation.
It is quite simple and easy to use solution, you need to click or touch sign on keeps joining sessions from calendar or meeting notifications, while PSTN conferencing allows meeting attendance from just a telephone. Use a dial-in number when the Internet is unavailable, with local numbers available worldwide to reduce costs.
#13 Imo Free Video Calls And Chat
Imo is all in one application for video calling and instant messaging that allows you to keep in touch with your friends and family in no time from everywhere on the Globe. This mobile application will enable you to send files without any limitations and share everything you are doing. Its advance notification system keeps you alert whenever someone sends you a message.
The software comes with a stylish dashboard that keeps you motivated in terms of its usage and stability. Now you can use it for business services to increase branding and marketing, and it is also making its mark through providing group service that permits you to create groups of your friends and siblings. Imo lifts your profile via music widget, motto, bio, and different characteristics that make your profile picture perfect.
Imo Zone is facilitating you with an everlasting experience that imparts experience with different topics, interaction with people, high-quality content that you have searched from the application. Its video calling feature is making a stunner that provides you with the live chat option, and different chat rooms are available where you can chat with a person who interested in chat. You can also see who is online, and you can start chatting by sending a wave.
More About Telegram Messenger
Telegram Messenger is a highly encrypted messaging platform that allows users to send messages and make communications across the globe in a highly private and secret environment. Unlike most of the instant messenger, Telegram Messenger never locates the identity of its users and not keep an eye on the behavior of its users.
Other features for communication in Telegram Messenger are almost the same, just like other messaging applications. The users of Telegram Messenger can enjoy sending messages, large files, and media with other Telegram Messenger users for free.
Telegram Messenger app brings the system of group creation as well, where like-minded people can create the public or private group to share the informational and amazing stuff with their family members and friends.
At the same time, two hundred people can become part of these groups. Telegram Messenger app features the connection with other Telegram Messenger users, coordination in the shape of forming groups, synchronization with all devices, sending of documents of any type, sending encrypted messages, self-destruct messaging system, and a lot of others.


text:
Opinion: Will Arsene Wenger still be at Arsenal next season?
Further uncertainty surrounds the under-fire Frenchman, as Arsenal's season threatens to spiral out of control.
Matthew Sheppard
It's the beginning of March and Arsenal find themselves in a very familiar position. Out of the title race, all but out of the Champions League and fighting for a top four spot.
Every year there seems to be the same question which follows Arsenal's annual collapse – will this be the year Arsene Wenger says goodbye to Arsenal? But this year it really does feel that the inevitable will happen.
Another failed title charge and Champions League campaign, along with failure to tie down star men Mesut Özil and Alexis Sánchez to new long-term contracts has left Wenger looking drained and broken.
Where's it all gone wrong this season for Wenger?
Wenger started the season under fire even before a ball was kicked, due to a lack of activity in the transfer market over the summer. After signing Granit Xhaka at the end of May, the transfers went stale at the Emirates.
Following a 4-3 defeat at home to Liverpool on the opening weekend, Wenger was prompted to go out at the end of August and sign defender Skhodran Mustafi and forward Lucas Pérez for a combined fee of around £53 million.
The Gunners went on a six-game winning streak in the Premier League between August and October which saw their title credentials soar. As well as that the Gunners topped their group in the Champions League for the first time since 2011, though they got handed their annual tie against Bayern Munich.
Though old habits begun to creep in before Christmas as Arsenal surrendered two 1-0 leads to suffer back-to-back defeats away to Everton and Manchester City in the space of four days to throw their title challenge in to question.
As the new year approached, Arsenal were 10 points behind leaders Chelsea, and there was still a lot of uncertainty surrounding the futures of Sánchez and Özil.
Another set of back-to-back league defeats at the back end of January and beginning of February, was the final nail in another failed Arsenal title challenge. A shock midweek 2-1 defeat at home to struggling Watford, followed by a 3-1 collapse at Stamford Bridge against league leaders Chelsea, just highlighted the superiority between the two sides.
Just over a week later came Wenger's side's chance to redeem themselves and send out a message in the Champions League as Arsenal travelled to Germany to take on Bayern. What came next in Munich was a complete capitulation. 1-1 at half-time, with a dream result on the cards, Wenger's side collapsed in traditional Arsenal style as the Germans ran riot in a 5-1 hammering.
Reports came out after the game of a dressing room bust-up between Alexis Sánchez and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain following the defeat, as Arsenal threatened to enter a 'mini-crisis'.
Wenger's most recent decision to drop Sánchez in Saturday evening's 3-1 defeat away at Liverpool proved to be a pivotal moment in the Gunners season. A day later reports came out that Alexis Sanchez had stormed out of training and had several bust-ups with Wenger building up to the game, fuelling speculation that Sánchez will most definitely be leaving the Emirates in the summer.
Who will replace Wenger?
If Arsène Wenger is to leave Arsenal in the summer, it would spark the biggest transition in the clubs history.
Arsenal will be well aware that whoever does succeed from Wenger will have to tick all the credentials of what Arsenal stands for. Though, would a change of philosophy be a bad thing at the club?
One of the most popular names amongst Arsenal fans to take over in the summer is Juventus manager Max Allegri. The Italian has led Juventus to three successive league titles since being at the club, as well as a Champions League final back in 2015, where they lost to a superior Barcelona side.
What excites Arsenal fans about the possible appointment of Allegri is what he can bring to the team in terms of style. We have all seen how much of an impact Antonio Conte has had with his Italian philosophy at Chelsea this season. Allegri has a similar tactical insight at Juventus – would this be the change Arsenal need?
Another candidate linked to take over Wenger is the highly rated Borussia Dortmund manager, Thomas Tuchel. Tuchel again fills the mould of another impressive Premier League manager in Jürgen Klopp. Tuchel took over from Klopp when he departed the club in 2015 at Dortmund and has turned the German side in to a force again in both Germany and in Europe.
Though, Tuchel has since squashed any reports with him being linked to moving to Arsenal in the summer. A move for the Dortmund man looks unlikely.
Ronald Koeman is another manager who has long been linked with an eventual role as Arsenal manager. Koeman has impressed in his first season at Everton, following his controversial departure from Southampton in the summer.
Though, it seems Koeman is not the most popular choice within the Arsenal faithful to take over from Wenger.
You would feel that Arsenal really need a top, proven manager in the European circle to enable them to compete again on all fronts.
What is for sure is that the club need to make a decision on Wenger's future sooner rather than later.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Racine man struck, killed while walking in road
CALEDONIA, Wis.—Police in Racine County say a pedestrian who was walking in the middle of the road this weekend was struck and killed by a motorist.
Caledonia police say 29-year-old Timothy Anderson was wearing a dark-colored jacket and walking on the road Saturday about 3 a.m.
A 26-year-old driver from Milwaukee struck Anderson, who was pronounced dead at the scene.
The driver was cited for driving while intoxicated.
Information from: WISN-TV, http://www.wisn.com
To feel less isolated after the pandemic, Liv Swenson ran for Queen of the Snows; she's not isolated anymore
To feel less isolated after the pandemic, Liv Swenson ran for Queen of the Snows; she's not isolated anymore
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison asks Fairview, Sanford to postpone March 31 merger closing
Maxfield Elementary joins forces with St. Thomas as a collaborative learning school
MN House approves legislation calling for 100 percent carbon-free energy goal
Gov. Tim Walz says Minnesota needs $3.3 billion worth of projects and repairs
Judge again dismisses UMN football players' lawsuit over handling of alleged 2016 gang-rape
Young Minnesota angler's muskie tops the competition for 2022


text:
Join us for the Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout on 6th April
- Fri 16th, February
Recognising that many people want to help those they see sleeping on the streets or without a home, we've joined forces with Liverpool's leading homeless charity, The Whitechapel Centre, to create the Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout
The Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout is a fun and friendly event open to people of all ages. It is a rare opportunity to spend the night sleeping inside the country's biggest cathedral and raise money for the local community at the same time. While it won't be like being on the streets, both The Whitechapel Centre and the Cathedral hope it will help people understand how difficult it might be when you don't have a place to go.
Ruth McCaughley, Fundraising Manager, The Whitechapel Centre, said:
"The Whitechapel Centre's vision is to see an end to homelessness, social exclusion and housing poverty in Liverpool. We can only do this by working in partnership with organisations like Liverpool Cathedral. There are many different complex reasons why someone can be homeless and we help people address these problems as well as finding suitable accommodation."
The Whitechapel Centre opens its doors every day of the year - supporting people to find suitable accommodation, managing their finances, building relationships with landlords, looking after their health and their home, plus linking with the local community so that every individual can reach their potential. The money raised from the Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout will help The Whitechapel Centre move closer to this vision.
Paul Smith, Liverpool Cathedral's Director of Enterprise added:
"Not only does our Cathedral dominate the city skyline, it is core to the city's life. We welcome people from all backgrounds and our events are one of the ways we engage with the Liverpool-wide community and beyond.
We are very pleased to host this event which will provide vital funds for both ourselves and The Whitechapel Centre.
By raising money in innovative and thought-provoking ways we can continue to fund essential work and maintain our position in the life of the city."
The two charities are particularly hoping to encourage children and young people to get involved. Ruth said.
"We know that many children and young people are concerned about the rise in homelessness and rough sleeping in Liverpool and want to help. The Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout gives them the opportunity to experience the sense of vulnerability that you feel would feel when you're not in your own bed, within the safety of the Cathedral."
The Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout is on Friday 6th April 2018 at Liverpool Cathedral. It costs £5.00 per person to register and you'll need to raise £50.00. All funds raised will be split equally between the two charities. Children are encouraged to take part but they'll need to bring a responsible adult. For safeguarding purposes, a maximum of five children can accompany one adult for this Sleepout.
Complete the form for the Liverpool Cathedral Sleepout to take part
www.liverpoolcathedralsleepout.org


text:
Samsung Apple
Apple vs Samsung lawsuit has come full circle
by Damian M. / Feb 08, 2017, 4:34 AM
Apple and Samsung have been battling each other in court for over five years now. The case has gone through so many court rooms that we lost track already. Now, the battleground for the two titans moves yet again, back to where it all started.
The Supreme Court recently ruled in Samsung's favor, saying that damages in design patent cases should be based on individual components, and not entire devices. Therefore, in the Apple vs Samsung case, damages can't be calculated based on all of Samsung's sales of said handsets, but only on a portion of them.
And after this ruling, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit remanded the lawsuit back to its venue of origin – the Northern District Court of California – to settle the matter, which could result in a whole new damages trial.
"While Apple requests continued panel review, Samsung requests that we remand to the district court for a new trial on damages. […] Instead, we remand this case to the district court for further proceedings, which may or may not include a new damages trial," the CAFC said.
"Trial courts are well suited for this type of analysis, so it makes sense that the Federal Circuit – rather than create a procedure from whole-cloth – would like to see how the trial court approaches the problem," said Case Collard, a partner at international law firm Dorsey & Whitney. "Court watchers will now turn their attention to Judge Koh to see if she decides to hold a new trial on damages in light of these rulings."
The CAFC notes that the district court "should consider the parties' arguments" to determine how to proceed.
via AppleInsider
This story is part of:
Apple vs Samsung: patent war (27 updates)
8 February Apple vs Samsung lawsuit has come full circle
Apple and Samsung have been battling each other in court for over five years now. The case has gone through so many court rooms that we lost track already. Now, the battleground for the two titans moves yet again, back to where it all started...
18 September Apple wins an appellate court ruling, might force Samsung to nix UI features from its older phones
The Apple-Samsung courthouse saga is far from over. The two giants have been battling each other in court rooms for a long, long time, each scoring a few wins and losses in different courts across the globe, but in the grand scale of things, we can't pinpoint a definite winner or loser...
2 January Samsung will have to reveal sales data in Apple patent lawsuit
Samsung will have to reveal sales data in its patent lawsuit with Apple as the Koreans lost a bid to keep it private…
7 December Judge Koh pleas for 'global peace' between Apple and Samsung for the sake of consumers, incites laughter
The Apple Samsung legal battle has turned into a neverending saga to the point that even the possibility of the two companies settling for 'global peace' seems laughable…
6 December Samsung and Apple meet with Judge Lucy Koh for post-trial hearing
In the long awaited post-trial hearing, both Samsung and Apple argued certain motions in front of Judge Lucky Koh, who was hoping to make one all encompassing statement; Koh not expects to hand down decisions in installments with some coming after the end of the year...
Galaxy S20 vs S20+ vs S20 Ultra (S11+) leaked specs and price comparison


text:
Q: MySQL Language translation query
I am using multi language supported database. But i don't know how to query translated text from database based on Language.
Here is my DDL for tables. Please ask me if you have any question.
Category Table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `catalog_category` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `name_translation_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `description_translation_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Language Table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `languages` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `language_name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `language_code` varchar(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Language Translation table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `language_translation` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Language Translation Entry Table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `language_translation_entry` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `translation_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `language_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `translation_text` text COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Currently i am using this query to get results but it is giving me from only name. I want description also in results.
SELECT lte.translation_text  as name FROM catalog_category AS cc
LEFT JOIN language_translation lt ON lt.id = cc.name_translation_id
LEFT JOIN language_translation_entry AS lte ON lte.translation_id = lt.id
LEFT JOIN languages AS l on l.id = lte.language_id
WHERE l.language_code = "en"

I need to get translated text from Translation Entry Table for category name and description based on language code in a single query.

A:
You can use subselects:
SELECT
  (select lte.translation_text
   from language_translation_entry AS lte
   JOIN languages AS l on l.id = lte.language_id
   WHERE lte.translation_id = cc.name_translation_id
         and l.language_code = "en"
  ) as name,
  (select lte.translation_text
   from language_translation_entry AS lte
   JOIN languages AS l on l.id = lte.language_id
   WHERE lte.translation_id = cc.description_translation_id
         and l.language_code = "en"
  ) as description
from catalog_category AS cc

This assumes you have max 1 entry for each (translation_id, laguage_id), otherwise this will give you an error, because these subselects can only return one value.
I left out the table language_translation, because you probably only use it to get your autoincrement values, and is not required for the join.
An alternative would be to use another join for each column you need translated, you can e.g. use
SELECT lte.translation_text as name,
       lt2.translation_text as description,
FROM catalog_category AS cc
LEFT JOIN language_translation_entry AS lte
ON lte.translation_id = cc.name_translation_id
LEFT JOIN languages AS l on l.id = lte.language_id
LEFT JOIN language_translation_entry AS lte2
ON lte2.translation_id = cc.name_translation_id
   and lte2.language_id = l.id
WHERE l.language_code = "en"

where I assume that you want both translation to be the same language.
Btw., left join actually works here like a normal join, since you use where l.language_code = "en", it has to exists. If you want a real left join, you have to move that condition to the on-clause, so it can be missing (if there is a possibility that your translations are missing and you still want to get a result from your query). For description, it already is allowed to be missing to make the code shorter, otherwise you would have to move the condition from on to the where clause, so change the last part to
LEFT JOIN language_translation_entry AS lte2
ON lte2.translation_id = cc.name_translation_id
WHERE l.language_code = "en" and lte2.language_id = l.language_id

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Executive Director of the School of Fashion, Simon Ungless, will be joining the unveiling of the collection as a moderator, in discussion with artist Jonathan Solo, and N.I.C.E. Collective founders Joe Haller and Ian Hannula, during a presentation on Thursday February 9th at N.I.C.E. store and studio in Dogpatch.
This show is the result of 3 artists working with one material/medium. Through repurposing a single roll of industrial paper, they have created pieces both humble and full of wonder, pragmatic and idealistic, pure and profane.
The result is an array of products available for purchase—from sculptural objects to wearable garments. Prices range from $33 for a paper airplane kit to $5,000 rendering by Jonathan Solo.
These pieces have focused the energy of the artists' experiment into accessible art objects meant to be felt, touched, lived in and experienced.
7PM / Moderator Executive Director Simon Ungless (School of Fashion, AAU) in discussion with N.I.C.E. COLLECTIVE co-conspirators and co-founders Joe Haller and Ian Hannula, and Artist Jonathan Solo.
N.I.C.E. Collective is an SF-based designer product and lifestyle project founded in 1997.
The opposite of a brand, N.I.C.E. exists as an ongoing project. A project that creates to inspire and excite curiosity in others. It operates as a movement in service to the individual or opportunities—never in reaction to "seasons" or trends.
N.I.C.E allows a community of like-minded people to unite the act of purchasing with a sense of purpose, a call to action. We combine community with creation. And practice sharing with caring.
Useful products, N.I.C.E. products, tell an authentic story. N.I.C.E. creates totems. Items that represent a moment, a feeling, or an experience to be treasured and shared.
N.I.C.E. Collective has outfitted tours for Coldplay, Nine Inch Nails, and rising EDM artists including The ACID, Bassnectar, Tiesto, to name a few. The brand's celebrity following includes Robert Pattinson, Gavin Rossdale and Brad Pitt among others.
Jonathan Solo is a visual artist and designer living in San Francisco. Solo's previous bodies of work – while represented by Catharine Clark Gallery – focused on ideas of gender identity, sexuality, grief, trauma, and addiction.
Solo has been developing a new body of work that includes a collaboration with the fashion label N.I.C.E. COLLECTIVE. This new body of work is multidisciplinary and incorporates Solo's mastery of graphite, haute couture construction techniques, technology, and modern design.
Solo has been invited to show pieces of his new work at Paris Fashion Week and will be exhibiting -for the fourth time- at Miami's Art Basel in December of 2017.


text:
Die Glossentranskription oder Glossenumschrift ist eine Transkription für das Notieren von Gebärden, die seit 1988 häufig genutzt wird. Sie ist leicht verständlich, da jede Glosse für eine Gebärde steht. Des Weiteren bietet sie eine Möglichkeit, Gebärden und ihre Verbindungen darzustellen. Die Gebärdenreihenfolge und die grammatikalischen Angaben sind damit leichter nachzuvollziehen.

Glossen sind einfache Indikatoren aus der Linguistik einer Beschreibungssprache (z. B. Deutsch) für eine Objektsprache (z. B. Deutsche Gebärdensprache).

Die Glossentranskription wird trotz ihrer lateinischen Buchstaben als Gebärdenschrift bezeichnet, da sie zur Verschriftlichung von Gebärden dient.

Sie ist keine Übersetzungstechnik und richtet sich nur nach der Gebärdenausführung.

Verwendung
Die Glossentranskription wird bereits in zahlreichen Gebärdensprachlehrbüchern, im Studium und der Förderschule für Gehörlose eingesetzt. Sie ist vergleichbar mit der Interlinearglossierung, welche nach der Leipziger Schule der Übersetzungswissenschafften (Leipzig Glossing Rules) arbeitet, für gesprochene Fremdsprachen. Durch sie erkennen Gebärdensprachlerner bereits zum Anfang den Satzbau der Gebärdensprache und können schnell einige Gebärdensprachsätze gebärden und selbst schreiben.

Aufbau

Deutsche Gebärdensprache (DGS)
Sie hat den typischen Satzbau der DGS (Zeit – Subjekt – Objekt – Prädikat – W-Frage) und ist durch die gewohnten lateinischen Buchstaben in Hochdeutsch auch nahezu dialektfrei. Die Glossentranskription für die DGS und ÖGS besteht aus einer normal großen Mittelzeile und einer kleineren Ober- und Unterzeile darüber und darunter. Für eine "Übersetzung" in die deutsche Lautsprache wird eine vierte Zeile benötigt. Damit weicht sie von der Glossentranskription der ÖGS und DSGS ab.

Eine Glosse umfasst eine Gebärde und benennt sie somit genau. Sie wird immer komplett in Großbuchstaben geschrieben und kann um weitere Glossen/Satzteile ergänzt werden. Eine Bedeutungseingrenzung der Glosse oder Bewegung/Ausführungsstelle in der Glosse wird immer komplett klein geschrieben. Diese eine Glosse kann auch aus mehreren deutschen Wörtern bestehen. Die Glosse richtet sich immer nach der Gebärde und nicht nach dem deutschen Wort. Eine Verbindung von mehreren Wörtern wird meist mit Bindestrich vorgenommen. Beispiel:

In die Mittelzeile werden die Glossen in lateinischen Buchstaben geschrieben. Die Mimik sowie die Kopf- und Körperhaltung werden unterstrichen in die Oberzeile geschrieben. Mundbild oder Mundgestik werden in die Unterzeile geschrieben und darüber wird für die Dauer der Glosse ein Strich gesetzt. Die Ober- und Unterzeile werden, anders als die Mittelzeile, komplett klein geschrieben. Zudem werden in der Unterzeile Buchstaben wie "h" oder "r" häufig weggelassen, da sie schwer vom Mund abzulesen/abzusehen sind. Wie in der Interlinearglossierung gibt es auch hier, meistens für die Ober- und Mittelzeile, keine einheitlichen Abkürzungen. Ein Abkürzungsverzeichnis kann deshalb benötigt werden. Beispiel:

Die Schreibregeln der Glossentranskription folgen im Allgemeinen den Regeln der DGS. Klar schriftlich definiert sind sie aber nicht. Im Zweifelsfall kann es deshalb zu Variationen in der Glossierung mit gleicher Bedeutung kommen.

Beispiel Variation 1:

Beispiel Variation 2:

Österreichische Gebärdensprache (ÖGS)
Im Vergleich zur Glossentranskription der DGS verändert sich die Glossentranskription der ÖGS. Eine Verbindung von mehreren Wörtern kann hier mit einem Plus oder einem Bindestrich erfolgen. Mehrere Bedeutungen für eine Gebärde werden mit einem Schrägstrich getrennt. Eine Erklärung erfolgt in Klammern dahinter. Eckige Klammern hinter einer Glosse geben das Mundbild oder die Gestik an. Die Unterzeile entfällt also. Infos zur Mimik sind hochgestellt. Die Dauer der Gebärde wird mit einem Strich über der Glosse gekennzeichnet. Doppelpunkte direkt hinter einer Glosse zeigen eine Wiederholung an. Besondere Glossen gibt es aber auch hier für besondere grammatikalische Elemente. "Übersetzt" wird die Glosse auch hier in Deutsch.

Deutsch-Schweizerische Gebärdensprache (DSGS)
Die Glossentranskription der DSGS ist im Wesentlichen fast genauso wie die Glossentranskription der DGS aufgebaut. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied ist hier, dass es keine Ober- und Unterzeile gibt. Hier ist es wichtig zu wissen, wann eine zusätzliche Information zu den Parametern hochgestellt und tiefgestellt zu schreiben ist. Die Mimik wird z. B. hochgestellt dahinter geschrieben. Der Gebärdenort/Raumpunkt der Gebärden wird dagegen tiefgestellt dahinter geschrieben. Eine "Übersetzung" erfolgt grundsätzlich in Deutsch. Beispiel:

Französische Gebärdensprache (LSF)
Die Glossentranskription der LSF ist mit anderen Glossentranskriptionen anderer Gebärdensprachen nicht vergleichbar. "Übersetzt" wird in Französisch.

Britische Gebärdensprache (BSL)
Die Glossentranskription der BSL ähnelt der Glossentranskription der ÖGS sehr. Die "Übersetzung" findet natürlich in Englisch statt.

Eurosigns
Für Eurosigns ist bisher keine Glossentranskription bekannt.

Amerikanische Gebärdensprache (ASL)
Für ASL gibt es auch eine Glossentranskription (Gloss, ASL Glossing). Sie ist der österreichischen Glossentranskription sehr ähnlich. Demzufolge hat sie keine Unterzeile. Zusätzlich gibt es hier keine Angaben zum Mundbild, da es meistens auf natürliche Weise nicht vorkommt. Es gibt einige wenige Abkürzungen. "Übersetzt" wird grundsätzlich in Englisch. Sie hat nicht so große Verbreitung in Amerika, da es zahlreiche andere Gebärdenschriften für ASL gibt. Sie wird meistens in der Linguistik verwendet. Beispiel:

Internationale Gebärdensprache (IS)
Für die Internationale Gebärdensprache (IS) ist bisher keine Glossentranskription bekannt.

Kritik
Perfekt ist diese Art der Gebärdenschrift natürlich nicht. Je nach Qualität der Transkription, ist sie mehr oder weniger gut für den Gebärdensprachlerner. Das Mundbild ist häufig nicht klar ersichtlich. Man sieht auch nicht genau welche Gebärde konkret verwendet wurde, sodass unter Umständen mehrere Gebärden möglich sind. Häufig wird auch aus Gründen der Einfachheit nur die Mittelzeile glossiert. Einführende Kurse für Interessierte außerhalb von Studium und Gehörlosencommunity sind oft schwer zu finden. Die einzelnen Parameter (Handform, Handstellung, Ausführungsstelle und Bewegung) sind teilweise nicht klar erkennbar. Sie erfreut sich aber großer Verbreitung. Zu dem ist vor allem die Mittelzeile recht einfach mit einer Qwertz-Tastatur schreibbar.

Mögliche Koexistenz von SignWriting, HamNoSys und Glossentranskription in der Zukunft
SignWriting, HamNoSys und Glossentranskription sind Versuche die DGS zu verschriftlichen.

SignWriting beschäftigt sich mit der korrekten Abbildung der vollständigen Gebärde ohne lateinische Buchstaben. Eine Übersetzung in die deutsche Lautsprache gelingt hier häufig nur geübten Gebärdensprachnutzern.

HamNoSys wurde an der Universität Hamburg für die linguistische Arbeit mit den Gebärdensprachen dieser Welt entwickelt. Das System befasst sich ebenso mit der Abbildung von Gebärden. Es nutzt dazu auch, wie SignWriting, festgelegte Symbole statt Buchstaben. Es ist aber eher für den Personenkreis der Linguisten gedacht. HamNoSys ist zu dem auch nicht so kompakt wie SignWriting, sondern wird eher hintereinander aufgereiht.

Die Glossentranskription hingegen legt Wert auf eine Verschriftlichung der Gebärde in lateinischen Buchstaben. Dadurch ist eine Übersetzung in die deutsche Lautsprache auch für Gebärdensprachungeübte leichter möglich.

Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob sich die Glossentranskription bei höreingeschränkten Menschen sowie bei der allgemeinen Kommunikation mit der Gehörlosencommunity und SignWriting bei der Kommunikation mit gehörlosen Menschen durchsetzt. Die Rolle von HamNoSys oder einer Mischform aus SignWriting und HamNoSys bleibt abzuwarten. Was für ein Schriftsystem von Gebärdensprachdolmetschern bevorzugt wird, bleibt ebenfalls abzuwarten.

Siehe auch

 Gebärdenschrift
 Geschichte der Gebärdensprachen

Einzelnachweise

Gebärdensprache

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our Public Service Commission is currently reviewing a proceeding, FC 113o or Modernizing Energy Delivery System for Increased Sustainability (MEDSIS), that explores how to improve our electric grid. This is an important step forward because it gives us the opportunity to build an energy system that creates wealth and benefits for low-income citizens in the District.
Energy democracy, which gives communities greater control over their energy resources. With energy democracy, citizens have a say in how their energy system operates. Low-income communities can participate in and benefit from efforts to expand access to sustainable energy resources. Energy democracy also creates new opportunities to own clean energy resources and create wealth.
Advanced technologies, which empower communities to dynamically manage their energy usage, creating greater savings and pathways towards financial stability.
Strong local economies, which result from community control over energy resources and expanded economic opportunities for low-income communities in D.C. Research shows that increased community control over energy resources leads to marginalized communities owning a larger share of our energy system.
Support a plan to put the District on a pathway towards net zero energy use, where the city creates as much energy as it uses.
Mandate that the energy burden of all District residents not exceed 10% of their annual income.
Stimulate and promote a "sharing economy" and energy democracy so that locally-owned renewable energy and micro-grids flourish. This will distribute wealth and benefits within the city and integrate with the current grid system.
Optimize renewable energy goals while also increasing reliability and reducing costs to ratepayers.
The D.C. Public Service Commission is exploring how to reform D.C.'s electric grid. They're soliciting comments from District residents.
We publish periodic updates on what's happening with D.C.'s grid reform in our newsletter. Sign up today to stay informed about solar in the District.
We will continue to track these proceedings. Below you will find documents we've submitted thus far in response to the PSC's request for comment.
In November 2017, eight members of the D.C. Council wrote a letter to the PSC expressing concerns about the lack of progress in the MEDSIS proceeding, urging the Commission to move forward with a stakeholder planning process as soon as possible.
Our comments on proceeding FC 1130 were filed in March 2017 in response to the public town hall meeting. In the comments, we urged the PSC to adopt a specific set of energy democracy principles to guide the proceeding, and to adopt a strategic definition of "grid modernization" prior to soliciting public feedback on potential pilot programs.
The Grid 2.0 Working Group filed initial comments on proceeding FC 1130 in August 2015, supporting the PSC's grid modernization goals. Their comments highlight the need for the PSC to articulate policy and infrastructure outcomes from the proceeding and the need for deeper public participation in the proceeding.
Pepco submitted initial comments on proceeding FC 1130 in August 2015, requesting the objectives of the proceeding include how it can integrate new distributed energy technologies into its distribution grid without eroding electricity reliability.
Our work on grid reform in D.C.
June 2015: The D.C. Public Service Commission opened FC 1130 to identify technologies and policies that can modernize our energy delivery system for increased sustainability and will make our system more reliable, efficient, cost-effective and interactive.
Mihai and Dinara Psederski – Washington, D.C.


Treat your taste buds to something out of the ordinary. Take a culinary journey to Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Morocco, North Africa, and the Middle East. The experience begins with hands-on preparation of several items representing each country in the region. Your culinary journey ends with desserts and sauces representing the region.
Students will have the opportunity to participate and interact with a seasoned professional chef to learn basic culinary techniques. In this hands-on class, the novice cook learns his/her way around the kitchen and discovers the joys of cooking.
Successful decorating begins with the basics of making and coloring icing, preparing cakes and fillings, and using decorating bags. You will learn the best ways to create cakes and icings that are ideal for decorating and the "tricks of the trade" so you can always get the results you want. Techniques are taught step-by-step.
Treat your taste buds to something out of the ordinary and take a culinary journey around the world right in the kitchen on the CTAE campus. The experience begins with hands-on preparation of several items representing different countries from around the world, and ends with savory desserts from the same regions.
In this class you will learn to take inexpensive every day food items and turn them into exquisite taste tempting gourmet dishes.
In this fun, hands-on class, you will discover your creative talents as you learn how to make classic gourmet desserts, such as crème brulee, soufflés, cheesecakes, and chocolate truffles, just to name a few.
Get hands-on experience in this exciting class as you learn how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals.
Be prepared to offer your guests a "taste bud's celebration" this holiday season with the dishes you create in this cooking course.


Hi, in the new Docking/MDI framework I know you can change the visibility of the titlebar of a ToolWindow with the HasTitleBar property.
Is there a way that this can be applied to a DocumentWindow?
We have a requirement for each document to have it's title bar visibility toggleable so that the user can use the maximum content space in certain circumstances.
DocumentWindows can only be displayed in tabbed MDI and those don't have title bars at all, which is why there isn't an option for them. What specific title bar are you speaking of there?
Yes, I guess the correct terminology helps. I meant the document tab headers. Is there a way we could toggle the display of the tabs in a document or even better toggle the entire advanced tab control section, so that when it is not visible all the space used by it is reclaimed for the content?
There is an IsTabStripVisible property on TabbedMdiContainer and ToolWindowContainer but it's more for our internal usage when we need to hide the tab strip for auto-hide tool window containers. ToolWindowContainer gets it automatically set, however I don't believe anything sets it on TabbedMdiContainer. If you looked at the parent container for your document, you could set it to false. The problem you have to look out for is that if new containers are generated via layout changes, they would have the property set to true.


text:
MFA: creation in the EU of a new channel in the Russian-language against the Russian propaganda is contrary to the freedom of expression
The prospect of such media may be discussed at the nearest meeting of foreign ministers of the European Union
Ian Lebedka. Belarus wants to open a consulate in the United States
Belarusian authorities have for the first time decided to open two consulates on the territory of the United States. One of them will operate in Florida, another – in Texas, told Belarusian consul in Florida Michael Morgulis to the RIA "Novosti".
EU approves new sanctions concerning the Crimea
EU approves new sanctions concerning the Crimea. They will be published in the Official Journal of the European Union in the evening on 19 December and will take effect the following day. This was reported in the press release of 18 December of the Council of the European Union.
Vladimir Buchelnikov. Turchinov declared war on Russia and is preparing an invasion into the Crimea
Secretary of the Ukrainian Security Council Alexander Turchinov stated that Kiev would consider the war over only in the case of the return under its control not only Donbas, but also the Crimea. Turchinov said about this at a briefing in Kiev.
Alexandra Sergeyeva. Ukraine and Poland agreed to merge gas systems
Ukrainian company Ukrtransgaz and the Polish Gaz-SystemS.A. signed an "Agreement on cooperation for working out the feasibility study of the project in merging the Polish and Ukrainian gas systems."
Ukraine refuses non-aligned status
President of Ukraine Poroshenko stated that in the future the country should abandon the non-aligned status, reported "Interfax" on 27 November.
Anatoly Vasiljev. Ukraine started disconnecting power supply to Crimea
Only one of the four high-voltage lines is now operational.
Victoria Nuland called the return of Crimea as the condition for lifting sanctions
One of the conditions for lifting sanctions of the United States from Russia is the restoration of the Ukrainian sovereignty in Crimea, stated Victoria Nuland, the Assistant Secretary of State at the US Department of State. Interview of Nuland to the online edition "Medusa" was published on 26 November on the website of the edition.
Ukraine nationalized the Russian pipeline
Rivne Economic Court of Appeals upheld the return of 1, 4 thousand kilometres of pipelines "Samara - West direction" and "Groznyj - Armavir - Trudovaja" (decommissioned and dismantled) to the ownership of Ukraine, reported on 26 November the website of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine.
Russia will allocate 12 billion rubles to Abkhazia
Following the talks with the President of Abkhazia Raul Khajimba, Vladimir Putin said that Russia will allocate 5 billion rubles to the republic in 2015. This money is intended to implement the Treaty of alliance and strategic partnership, reported "Interfax". Funding will be delivered within the framework of the program of Moscow aimed at investing in the socio-economic development of Abkhazia. According to it 12 billion rubles will be invested until 2017 in a partially recognized state.
Ekaterina Andreeva. The new Secretary General of NATO intends to visit Latvia
The new NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg will arrive in the second half of November in the capital of Latvia. The exact date will be announced on the day before the visit. Jens Stoltenberg has repeatedly stressed the need to strengthen the defence of the Baltic States, writes "Komsomolskaya Pravda".
Ukrainians with biometric passports will travel to the EU without a visa (2)
Ukrainian citizens with biometric passports will be able to visit the EU countries without visas from next year already, stated the Speaker of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Evgenij Perebiynis, reported the TSN TV channel.
China has created laser to destroy drones
China has developed high-precision laser weapons capable of shooting down small drones at low altitude, Reuters reported.
Russia has hastily conducted exercises and tests of all three types of carriers of nuclear weapons – according to the European media
Within 72 hours Russia conducted exercises and tests of all three types of carriers of nuclear weapons available in service of the Russian Federation.
Russia and the DPRK (North Korea) are going to discuss the introduction of a visa-free regime
Russia and North Korea are going to discuss the introduction of a visa-free regime, reported TASS on 28 October referring to the words of the Minister for Development of the Far East Alexander Galushka.


Have you ever wondered what keeps people turning pages of the best-seller fiction novels and yet can't read through a whole sells letter from some internet marketers? The truth is fiction authors like Dan Brown, Stephen King, J.K. Rowling and many others know some secrets not familiar to many of us. As an info marketer, this should get you curious because once you master these skills; you will be making more sales. It is a fact, many internet marketers have good stuff to offer, but convincing their visitors to click the buy button becomes an issue especially because their sales letter doesn't appeal. This Money-Making Report: "Secrets from the Best Seller List presents you with a rare opportunity to learn techniques that can help you for the rest of your life.
The report contains five-easy-to-comprehend writing techniques that come from some of the best-seller fiction authors. #1: The best tip ever to improve your opening line. #2: Do you make the "rookie" mistake revealed on page 16? #3: The surprising "rule" rarely talked about outside of fiction author circles and then #4: The fool-proof technique for creating fantastic descriptions.
This is a first-class report that will make you even go back to review all your sales letters that you have recently written. These techniques apply to both online and off-line marketing and can even be used to improve both your face to face and telephone conversations.
These are simple, actionable techniques that anyone can read and implement. Funny enough many marketers are obsessed with pulling traffic not concentrating with converting them to sales, and this report handles the later.


text:
Q: How to store the printout of the last command in a shell variable in urxvt/zsh? I'd like to have the printout (stdout and stderr) of the last command run within zsh available in a variable ready to use grep, etc on it.

A: You can redirect output from a command into a file (or even a variable), but that does not happen automatically.
Redirecting output is a large topic in the manual page.  Just to remind you of the term, this redirects both standard output and error:
foo=$(command 2>&1)

checked by
$ foo=$(oops 2>&1); date; echo "$foo"
Sun Feb 28 20:59:18 EST 2016
sh: 1: oops: not found

Further reading:

*

*3.6 Redirections (Bash Reference Manual)

A: You can setup a pager to capture output and then quit if it fits on one screen.  When it doesn't fit, you can use the pager to scroll and search.
export PAGER=less
export LESS=-FSXRi
# -F and -X are relevant here, but that's what I use
# also, less quickly toggles most by typing '-' and the option

I imagine zsh has a way to automatically modify commands to go through a pager, but I don't know how.
Compare this output to a different directory that fits on one screen:
find ~ -type f |& less
# |& to capture both stdout and stderr


text:
\section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{This work has been supported in part by NASA under the Federal Award ID number NNX17AJ94A and by DOCOMO Innovations, Inc.}

The requirement for the high data rates in fifth generation cellular systems can be met using large bandwidths on the order of GHz~\cite{Shafi2018}. Since the sub-6~GHz spectrum is currently overutilized, higher-frequency bands, such as millimeter-wave~(mmWave) bands, have attracted growing attention among the researchers. Deploying wireless systems requires an accurate understanding of the channel propagation characteristics in the deployment band. Statistical channel models for sub-6~GHz cellular systems are derived based on extensive channel measurement campaigns. However, characteristics of the wireless channel are different at different frequencies. Therefore, similar efforts should also be put in place to characterize the nature of radio propagation at mmWave frequencies~\cite{khatun&globalsip:2018}.

One of the main drawbacks of the mmWave wireless channel is the high path loss. To address this problem, high gain antennas are used, and the antennas are aligned based on the the strongest path to further improve the signal strength. The channel sounders used for modeling the sub-6~GHz channel mainly measure the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel. However, due to the high path loss in the mmWave bands, angular profile of the channel, known as the power angular-delay profile (PADP), should also be measured~\cite{Lin2017}. \looseness =-1

Several researchers and companies have been carrying out channel measurements at mmWave frequencies in different environments, e,g., in a laboratory environment~\cite{7228884}, a five-story building~\cite{7954664}, and an office environment~\cite{7880929}. However, there is still a lack of measurement results in large and crowded indoor environments.

In this paper, we use a rotating directional horn antennas (RDA)-based channel sounder to characterize the mmWave channel~\cite{wahab_outdoor} at 28~GHz. We performed measurement campaigns in a library environment considering various line-of-sight~(LOS) and non-line-of-sight~(NLOS) scenarios. We present the PADP model and two path loss models, namely, the floating-intercept model~(FIM) and the close-in free space reference distance model~(CIM). We obtain the parameters of the path loss models based on the empirical data. Results show that both path loss models provide good estimates, and the path loss exponent~(PLE) determined from the CIM is very close to free space PLE.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{Sec:Measurement}, we describe the channel sounder hardware and the measurement environment. In Section~\ref{Sec:Modeling}, we present the PADP model and the path loss models. Measurement results are provided in Section~\ref{Sec:Results}, and the paper is concluded in Section~\ref{sec:Conc}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=.5cm 9cm 8.5cm 0.35cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{PXIsetup.pdf}}
\caption{28~GHz channel sounder TX and RX hardware setup with two Rb clocks.}\label{Fig:pxisetup}
\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Measurement Setup and Environment}
\label{Sec:Measurement}
\subsection{Measurement Hardware}
\label{Sec:Hardware}
The measurements are performed using an NI-based channel sounder~\cite{NImmwave} shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:pxisetup}. The sounder hardware consists of NI PXIe-1085 TX/RX chassis, 28~GHz TX/RX mmWave radio heads from NI, FS725~Rubidium~(Rb) clocks~\cite{SRS}, and FLIR~PTU-D48E gimbals~\cite{FlirSystems}. The 10~MHz and pulse per second~(PPS) signals generated by the Rb clocks are connected to PXIe~6674T modules at the TX and the RX. Directional horn antennas~\cite{sageM}, with 17~dBi gain, and $26^{\circ}$/$24^{\circ}$ beam-width in the elevation/azimuth plane, are connected to the mmWave radio heads. The radio heads are placed on the rotating gimbals to be able to measure the PADP of the channel. Three different elevation angles $\{-20^\circ, 0^\circ, 20^\circ\}$ and 19 different azimuth angles ranging from $-167.98^\circ$ to $167.98^\circ$, with increments of $20^\circ$, are scanned at all measurements. The TX power is set to $P_\mathrm{TX}=-10$~dBm.\looseness =-1

The LabVIEW-based sounder code periodically transmits a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence of length 2048 to sound the channel. The ZC sequence is over-sampled by 2 when the sounder operates on 2 GHz bandwidth. Then, it is filtered by the root-raised-cosine filter, and the generated samples are uploaded to PXIe-7902 FPGA. These samples are sent to PXIe-3610 digital-to-analog converter with a sampling rate of $f_s=3.072$~GS/s. The PXIe-3620 module up-converts the base-band signal to IF, and the 28~GHz mmWave radio head up-converts the IF signal to RF. This process is reversed at the RX side, and the complex CIR samples are sent to the PXIe-8880 host PC for further processing. The channel sounder provides 0.651~ns resolution in the delay domain. The dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter is $60$~dB, and the maximum measurable path loss is $185$~dB.
\vspace{-0.2mm}
\subsection{Measurement Environment}
\label{Sec:Environment}
The indoor measurements are conducted at three different floors at the Hunt Library of NCSU, which is about 140~m in length, 55~m at its widest point, and 27~m high at tallest point. The library is furnished with chairs, desks, and tables of different materials, and movable whiteboards. In addition, the desks are equipped with computers and electronic devices. The walls and floors are made of concrete, and the group study rooms have glass doors. The layout of the measurement environment with the TX/RX locations is shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:Meas_Env}(a). Nineteen indoor measurements, including scenarios where the TX and RX are placed on different floors, are performed for five different TX locations and TX-RX separation distances ranging from 10~m to 50~m for both LOS and NLOS scenarios (see Fig.~\ref{Fig:Meas_Env}(b) for a sample measurement scenario). In four of the scenarios, the link is obstructed by glass, and these scenarios are also considered as NLOS. The TX and the RX were fixed at a height of 1.8~m and 1.5~m from the ground, respectively.
\vspace{-0.2mm}
\section{PADP and Path Loss Modeling}
\label{Sec:Modeling}
\subsection{PADP Model}
\label{Sec:PADP}
For measurements at TX-RX separation distances greater than 30~m, the synchronization cable between the clocks needs to be disconnected, causing the problem known as the clock drift. In addition, the RDA-based channel sounders suffer from another problem caused by the antenna rotations. As the horn antennas are rotated during a measurement, the total distance travelled by a multipath component~(MPC) changes, which may result in detecting ghost MPCs or missing some actual MPCs. These effects in the delays of the peaks detected from the PDPs are corrected using the algorithm described in~\cite{erden2019}. Next, the MPCs are extracted using the peak search algorithm~\cite{erden2019}. The PADP of the channel, where the AoAs and the AoDs of the MPCs over all possible TX/RX angles are estimated as well, can be expressed as: \looseness=-1
\begin{align}
\label{PADP:eq}
PADP(\tau, \bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}} , \bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}) = &\sum_{n=1}^{N}  \alpha_n \delta (\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}-\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}_n)  \\ \nonumber &\times  \delta (\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}-\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}_n) \delta(\tau-\tau_{n}),
\end{align}
where $\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}_n = [\theta^{\mathrm{AoD,Az}}_n \,\, \theta^{\mathrm{AoD,El}}_n]^{{\ssstyle T}}$ is the two-dimensional AoD of the $n$th MPC at the TX in the azimuth and elevation planes, $\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}_n = [\theta^{\mathrm{AoA,Az}}_n \,\, \theta^{\mathrm{AoA,El}}_n]^{{\ssstyle T}}$ is the two-dimensional AoA of the same MPC at the RX, $\alpha_n$ is the path gain, $\tau_n$ is the delay of the $n$th MPC, and $N$ is the total number of MPCs considering all possible TX/RX directions.\looseness =-1

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering

	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{
	\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.85\linewidth]{Library_all_v4.pdf}
	}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=3cm 3cm 1.5cm 3cm, clip,width=0.85\linewidth]{Indoor_Scene_v2.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{
     The Hunt library

    (a) floor plans with TX/RX locations and (b) snapshot of the measurement scenario for TX1-RX3 pair.
     }
     \label{Fig:Meas_Env}
     \vspace{-5.5mm}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Path Loss Models}
\label{Sec:Pathloss}
To calculate the path loss from the measured data, first, the omnidirectional received power is calculated by summing the linear power over all angles, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
    P_{\mathrm{RX}}(d)=\sum_{i}\sum_{j,k}PADP(\tau_i, {\theta}_j^{\mathrm{AoD}} , {\theta}_k^{\mathrm{AoA}}),
\end{equation}
where $i,j$, and $k$ are the indices of the delay and angles of the corresponding PADP. Then, the path loss can be calculated by
\begin{equation}
    PL(d)[\mathrm{dB}]=P_{\mathrm{TX}}-10\log_{10}(P_{\mathrm{RX}}(d))+G_{\mathrm{TX}}+G_{\mathrm{RX}},
\end{equation}
where $G_{\mathrm{TX}}$ and $G_{\mathrm{RX}}$ are TX and RX antenna gains in dBi.
Given the measured data, parameters of the two path loss models can be calculated. The CIM has the following form~\cite{7109864}:
\begin{align}
\label{eq:CIM}
\nonumber \mathrm{PL}^\mathrm{CIM}(f,d)[\mathrm{dB}]=&\mathrm{FSPL}(f,d_0)+10n\log_{10}\left(\frac{d}{d_0}\right)
\\
&+\chi^\mathrm{CIM}_\sigma, \quad \textrm{for } d\ge d_0,
\end{align}
where $d_0$ is the close-in free space reference distance and set to 1~m in this study, $\mathrm{FSPL}(f,d_0)$ is the free space path loss at distance $d$, $n$ is the PLE, and $\chi^\mathrm{CIM}_\sigma$ is a lognormal random variable with 0~dB mean and $\sigma$ standard deviation.
The FIM is given as~\cite{7109864}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:FIM}
\mathrm{PL}^\mathrm{FIM}(d)[\mathrm{dB}]&=\alpha + 10 \beta \log_{10}(d)+\chi^\mathrm{FIM}_\sigma,
\end{align}
where $\alpha$ is the intercept in~dB and $\beta$ is the slope, and $\chi^\mathrm{FIM}_\sigma$ is a lognormal random variable with 0~dB mean and $\sigma$ standard deviation.
\subsection{Delay Spread}
It is common in the literature to characterize the delay dispersion using the metric known as the root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS)~\cite{7857002}. The RMS-DS is calculated based on the extracted MPCs as follows
\begin{equation}
    \tau_{\mathrm{rms}}={\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n(\tau_n-\tau_{avg})^2}{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n}}},
\end{equation}
where $P_n$ is the power of the $n$th MPC, and $\tau_{avg}$ is the mean delay given by
\begin{equation}
    \tau_{\mathrm{avg}}=\frac{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n\tau_n}{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX4RX15_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX5RX19_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX1RX6_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{PADPs for (a) LOS: TX4-RX15, (b) NLOS-glass: TX5-RX19, and (c) NLOS: TX1-RX6 scenarios. TX $El = 0^\circ$, RX $El = 0^\circ$.}
     \label{Fig:PADP}
     \vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Measurement Results}
\label{Sec:Results}
\subsection{PADP Measurements}
The PADPs extracted from three sample scenarios, namely, LOS, NLOS-glass, and NLOS, are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(a), Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(b), and Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(c), respectively, for fixed TX/RX elevation angles. The NLOS scenario refers to the case where the link is obstructed by walls and glass doors, whereas the NLOS-glass scenario represents the case where the obstruction is only due to a glass door. TX-RX separation distance is about 21~m in each case. The LOS received power is greater than the NLOS and NLOS-glass cases, as expected. A significant difference in the received power is observed between the NLOS and NLOS-glass scenarios, indicating that the walls introduce a significantly higher attenuation when compared with the glass doors.\looseness =-1

It is also observed that the received power is mainly concentrated in two departure angles for the LOS and NLOS-glass scenarios, corresponding to the LOS path and first-order reflections. On the other hand, for the NLOS scenario, the received power is spread more evenly over many directions corresponding to the first and higher-order reflections.

\subsection{Path Loss Results}
The empirical path loss results and the corresponding fitted models are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pathloss}(a) and Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pathloss}(b) for LOS and NLOS scenarios, respectively. It turns out that, based on the shadowing factors~($\sigma$), the two models have similar performance in fitting the measured data. The LOS PLE determined by the CIM is 2.11, which is very close to the free space PLE, $n=2$. The relatively higher deviations of some of the empirical data from the free space propagation can be attributed to the waveguide effect caused by the hallways or the human blockages. In NLOS, PLE is found to be 3.25, indicating higher signal level degradation. The higher $\sigma$ in NLOS can be attributed to differences in channel types (e.g., material types).

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{LOS_PL.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{NLOS_PL.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{Path loss results from the measurement data, and FIM and CIM models for (a) LOS and (b) NLOS scenarios.}
     \label{Fig:Pathloss}
     \vspace{-3mm}
\end{figure}

\vspace{-0.29mm}
\subsection{Delay Spread Statistics}
The cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) of the RMS-DS for the LOS and NLOS links are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:RMS_DS}. The mean RMS-DS is calculated to be 33.9~ns and 43.1~ns for the LOS and NLOS links, respectively. The mean RMS-DS in the NLOS case is significantly greater than that of the LOS case because the LOS path, which is the strongest path and arrives the earliest, is blocked in NLOS scenarios, shifting the mean of the delay dispersion to the right.\looseness=-1
\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{RMS_DS.pdf}}
\caption{CDFs of the RMS-DS for the LOS and NLOS links.}\label{Fig:RMS_DS}
\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this paper, mmWave channel measurements at 28~GHz are presented for a library environment. The library is selected to investigate the channel characteristics in large and open indoor environments that are built and furnished with different types of materials. It is shown that both the FIM and the CIM provide a good match with the empirical path loss results. It is observed that when the link is obstructed by a glass door, the power of the LOS path decreases notably (7~dB difference was noted between the measurements with TX5-RX18 and TX5-RX19), and when the link is obstructed by a concrete wall, the attenuation is more severe.
\label{sec:Conc}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors would like to thank the graduate students Harini Narasimhan, Uddeshay Gupta, Martins Ezuma, Vageesh A. Dambal, Nishant Anand, Chunmay Datar, Sri Latha Sunkara, Madhusudhan Gopalappa, and Kairui Du for their help with the measurements.

\section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{This work has been supported in part by NASA under the Federal Award ID number NNX17AJ94A and by DOCOMO Innovations, Inc.}

The requirement for the high data rates in fifth generation cellular systems can be met using large bandwidths on the order of GHz~\cite{Shafi2018}. Since the sub-6~GHz spectrum is currently overutilized, higher-frequency bands, such as millimeter-wave~(mmWave) bands, have attracted growing attention among the researchers. Deploying wireless systems requires an accurate understanding of the channel propagation characteristics in the deployment band. Statistical channel models for sub-6~GHz cellular systems are derived based on extensive channel measurement campaigns. However, characteristics of the wireless channel are different at different frequencies. Therefore, similar efforts should also be put in place to characterize the nature of radio propagation at mmWave frequencies~\cite{khatun&globalsip:2018}.

One of the main drawbacks of the mmWave wireless channel is the high path loss. To address this problem, high gain antennas are used, and the antennas are aligned based on the the strongest path to further improve the signal strength. The channel sounders used for modeling the sub-6~GHz channel mainly measure the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel. However, due to the high path loss in the mmWave bands, angular profile of the channel, known as the power angular-delay profile (PADP), should also be measured~\cite{Lin2017}. \looseness =-1

Several researchers and companies have been carrying out channel measurements at mmWave frequencies in different environments, e,g., in a laboratory environment~\cite{7228884}, a five-story building~\cite{7954664}, and an office environment~\cite{7880929}. However, there is still a lack of measurement results in large and crowded indoor environments.

In this paper, we use a rotating directional horn antennas (RDA)-based channel sounder to characterize the mmWave channel~\cite{wahab_outdoor} at 28~GHz. We performed measurement campaigns in a library environment considering various line-of-sight~(LOS) and non-line-of-sight~(NLOS) scenarios. We present the PADP model and two path loss models, namely, the floating-intercept model~(FIM) and the close-in free space reference distance model~(CIM). We obtain the parameters of the path loss models based on the empirical data. Results show that both path loss models provide good estimates, and the path loss exponent~(PLE) determined from the CIM is very close to free space PLE.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{Sec:Measurement}, we describe the channel sounder hardware and the measurement environment. In Section~\ref{Sec:Modeling}, we present the PADP model and the path loss models. Measurement results are provided in Section~\ref{Sec:Results}, and the paper is concluded in Section~\ref{sec:Conc}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=.5cm 9cm 8.5cm 0.35cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{PXIsetup.pdf}}
\caption{28~GHz channel sounder TX and RX hardware setup with two Rb clocks.}\label{Fig:pxisetup}
\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Measurement Setup and Environment}
\label{Sec:Measurement}
\subsection{Measurement Hardware}
\label{Sec:Hardware}
The measurements are performed using an NI-based channel sounder~\cite{NImmwave} shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:pxisetup}. The sounder hardware consists of NI PXIe-1085 TX/RX chassis, 28~GHz TX/RX mmWave radio heads from NI, FS725~Rubidium~(Rb) clocks~\cite{SRS}, and FLIR~PTU-D48E gimbals~\cite{FlirSystems}. The 10~MHz and pulse per second~(PPS) signals generated by the Rb clocks are connected to PXIe~6674T modules at the TX and the RX. Directional horn antennas~\cite{sageM}, with 17~dBi gain, and $26^{\circ}$/$24^{\circ}$ beam-width in the elevation/azimuth plane, are connected to the mmWave radio heads. The radio heads are placed on the rotating gimbals to be able to measure the PADP of the channel. Three different elevation angles $\{-20^\circ, 0^\circ, 20^\circ\}$ and 19 different azimuth angles ranging from $-167.98^\circ$ to $167.98^\circ$, with increments of $20^\circ$, are scanned at all measurements. The TX power is set to $P_\mathrm{TX}=-10$~dBm.\looseness =-1

The LabVIEW-based sounder code periodically transmits a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence of length 2048 to sound the channel. The ZC sequence is over-sampled by 2 when the sounder operates on 2 GHz bandwidth. Then, it is filtered by the root-raised-cosine filter, and the generated samples are uploaded to PXIe-7902 FPGA. These samples are sent to PXIe-3610 digital-to-analog converter with a sampling rate of $f_s=3.072$~GS/s. The PXIe-3620 module up-converts the base-band signal to IF, and the 28~GHz mmWave radio head up-converts the IF signal to RF. This process is reversed at the RX side, and the complex CIR samples are sent to the PXIe-8880 host PC for further processing. The channel sounder provides 0.651~ns resolution in the delay domain. The dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter is $60$~dB, and the maximum measurable path loss is $185$~dB.
\vspace{-0.2mm}
\subsection{Measurement Environment}
\label{Sec:Environment}
The indoor measurements are conducted at three different floors at the Hunt Library of NCSU, which is about 140~m in length, 55~m at its widest point, and 27~m high at tallest point. The library is furnished with chairs, desks, and tables of different materials, and movable whiteboards. In addition, the desks are equipped with computers and electronic devices. The walls and floors are made of concrete, and the group study rooms have glass doors. The layout of the measurement environment with the TX/RX locations is shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:Meas_Env}(a). Nineteen indoor measurements, including scenarios where the TX and RX are placed on different floors, are performed for five different TX locations and TX-RX separation distances ranging from 10~m to 50~m for both LOS and NLOS scenarios (see Fig.~\ref{Fig:Meas_Env}(b) for a sample measurement scenario). In four of the scenarios, the link is obstructed by glass, and these scenarios are also considered as NLOS. The TX and the RX were fixed at a height of 1.8~m and 1.5~m from the ground, respectively.
\vspace{-0.2mm}
\section{PADP and Path Loss Modeling}
\label{Sec:Modeling}
\subsection{PADP Model}
\label{Sec:PADP}
For measurements at TX-RX separation distances greater than 30~m, the synchronization cable between the clocks needs to be disconnected, causing the problem known as the clock drift. In addition, the RDA-based channel sounders suffer from another problem caused by the antenna rotations. As the horn antennas are rotated during a measurement, the total distance travelled by a multipath component~(MPC) changes, which may result in detecting ghost MPCs or missing some actual MPCs. These effects in the delays of the peaks detected from the PDPs are corrected using the algorithm described in~\cite{erden2019}. Next, the MPCs are extracted using the peak search algorithm~\cite{erden2019}. The PADP of the channel, where the AoAs and the AoDs of the MPCs over all possible TX/RX angles are estimated as well, can be expressed as: \looseness=-1
\begin{align}
\label{PADP:eq}
PADP(\tau, \bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}} , \bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}) = &\sum_{n=1}^{N}  \alpha_n \delta (\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}-\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}_n)  \\ \nonumber &\times  \delta (\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}-\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}_n) \delta(\tau-\tau_{n}),
\end{align}
where $\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoD}}_n = [\theta^{\mathrm{AoD,Az}}_n \,\, \theta^{\mathrm{AoD,El}}_n]^{{\ssstyle T}}$ is the two-dimensional AoD of the $n$th MPC at the TX in the azimuth and elevation planes, $\bm{\theta}^{\mathrm{AoA}}_n = [\theta^{\mathrm{AoA,Az}}_n \,\, \theta^{\mathrm{AoA,El}}_n]^{{\ssstyle T}}$ is the two-dimensional AoA of the same MPC at the RX, $\alpha_n$ is the path gain, $\tau_n$ is the delay of the $n$th MPC, and $N$ is the total number of MPCs considering all possible TX/RX directions.\looseness =-1

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering

	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{
	\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.85\linewidth]{Library_all_v4.pdf}
	}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

    \begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=3cm 3cm 1.5cm 3cm, clip,width=0.85\linewidth]{Indoor_Scene_v2.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{
     The Hunt library

    (a) floor plans with TX/RX locations and (b) snapshot of the measurement scenario for TX1-RX3 pair.
     }
     \label{Fig:Meas_Env}
     \vspace{-5.5mm}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Path Loss Models}
\label{Sec:Pathloss}
To calculate the path loss from the measured data, first, the omnidirectional received power is calculated by summing the linear power over all angles, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
    P_{\mathrm{RX}}(d)=\sum_{i}\sum_{j,k}PADP(\tau_i, {\theta}_j^{\mathrm{AoD}} , {\theta}_k^{\mathrm{AoA}}),
\end{equation}
where $i,j$, and $k$ are the indices of the delay and angles of the corresponding PADP. Then, the path loss can be calculated by
\begin{equation}
    PL(d)[\mathrm{dB}]=P_{\mathrm{TX}}-10\log_{10}(P_{\mathrm{RX}}(d))+G_{\mathrm{TX}}+G_{\mathrm{RX}},
\end{equation}
where $G_{\mathrm{TX}}$ and $G_{\mathrm{RX}}$ are TX and RX antenna gains in dBi.
Given the measured data, parameters of the two path loss models can be calculated. The CIM has the following form~\cite{7109864}:
\begin{align}
\label{eq:CIM}
\nonumber \mathrm{PL}^\mathrm{CIM}(f,d)[\mathrm{dB}]=&\mathrm{FSPL}(f,d_0)+10n\log_{10}\left(\frac{d}{d_0}\right)
\\
&+\chi^\mathrm{CIM}_\sigma, \quad \textrm{for } d\ge d_0,
\end{align}
where $d_0$ is the close-in free space reference distance and set to 1~m in this study, $\mathrm{FSPL}(f,d_0)$ is the free space path loss at distance $d$, $n$ is the PLE, and $\chi^\mathrm{CIM}_\sigma$ is a lognormal random variable with 0~dB mean and $\sigma$ standard deviation.
The FIM is given as~\cite{7109864}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:FIM}
\mathrm{PL}^\mathrm{FIM}(d)[\mathrm{dB}]&=\alpha + 10 \beta \log_{10}(d)+\chi^\mathrm{FIM}_\sigma,
\end{align}
where $\alpha$ is the intercept in~dB and $\beta$ is the slope, and $\chi^\mathrm{FIM}_\sigma$ is a lognormal random variable with 0~dB mean and $\sigma$ standard deviation.
\subsection{Delay Spread}
It is common in the literature to characterize the delay dispersion using the metric known as the root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS)~\cite{7857002}. The RMS-DS is calculated based on the extracted MPCs as follows
\begin{equation}
    \tau_{\mathrm{rms}}={\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n(\tau_n-\tau_{avg})^2}{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n}}},
\end{equation}
where $P_n$ is the power of the $n$th MPC, and $\tau_{avg}$ is the mean delay given by
\begin{equation}
    \tau_{\mathrm{avg}}=\frac{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n\tau_n}{\sum_{n=1}^N P_n}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX4RX15_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX5RX19_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{6.5cm}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=\linewidth]{TX1RX6_Power_2D.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{PADPs for (a) LOS: TX4-RX15, (b) NLOS-glass: TX5-RX19, and (c) NLOS: TX1-RX6 scenarios. TX $El = 0^\circ$, RX $El = 0^\circ$.}
     \label{Fig:PADP}
     \vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Measurement Results}
\label{Sec:Results}
\subsection{PADP Measurements}
The PADPs extracted from three sample scenarios, namely, LOS, NLOS-glass, and NLOS, are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(a), Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(b), and Fig.~\ref{Fig:PADP}(c), respectively, for fixed TX/RX elevation angles. The NLOS scenario refers to the case where the link is obstructed by walls and glass doors, whereas the NLOS-glass scenario represents the case where the obstruction is only due to a glass door. TX-RX separation distance is about 21~m in each case. The LOS received power is greater than the NLOS and NLOS-glass cases, as expected. A significant difference in the received power is observed between the NLOS and NLOS-glass scenarios, indicating that the walls introduce a significantly higher attenuation when compared with the glass doors.\looseness =-1

It is also observed that the received power is mainly concentrated in two departure angles for the LOS and NLOS-glass scenarios, corresponding to the LOS path and first-order reflections. On the other hand, for the NLOS scenario, the received power is spread more evenly over many directions corresponding to the first and higher-order reflections.

\subsection{Path Loss Results}
The empirical path loss results and the corresponding fitted models are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pathloss}(a) and Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pathloss}(b) for LOS and NLOS scenarios, respectively. It turns out that, based on the shadowing factors~($\sigma$), the two models have similar performance in fitting the measured data. The LOS PLE determined by the CIM is 2.11, which is very close to the free space PLE, $n=2$. The relatively higher deviations of some of the empirical data from the free space propagation can be attributed to the waveguide effect caused by the hallways or the human blockages. In NLOS, PLE is found to be 3.25, indicating higher signal level degradation. The higher $\sigma$ in NLOS can be attributed to differences in channel types (e.g., material types).

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{LOS_PL.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

	\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
	\centering
	\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{NLOS_PL.pdf}}
	\caption{}
    \end{subfigure}

     \caption{Path loss results from the measurement data, and FIM and CIM models for (a) LOS and (b) NLOS scenarios.}
     \label{Fig:Pathloss}
     \vspace{-3mm}
\end{figure}

\vspace{-0.29mm}
\subsection{Delay Spread Statistics}
The cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) of the RMS-DS for the LOS and NLOS links are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:RMS_DS}. The mean RMS-DS is calculated to be 33.9~ns and 43.1~ns for the LOS and NLOS links, respectively. The mean RMS-DS in the NLOS case is significantly greater than that of the LOS case because the LOS path, which is the strongest path and arrives the earliest, is blocked in NLOS scenarios, shifting the mean of the delay dispersion to the right.\looseness=-1
\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\centerline{\includegraphics[trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip,width=0.75\linewidth]{RMS_DS.pdf}}
\caption{CDFs of the RMS-DS for the LOS and NLOS links.}\label{Fig:RMS_DS}
\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this paper, mmWave channel measurements at 28~GHz are presented for a library environment. The library is selected to investigate the channel characteristics in large and open indoor environments that are built and furnished with different types of materials. It is shown that both the FIM and the CIM provide a good match with the empirical path loss results. It is observed that when the link is obstructed by a glass door, the power of the LOS path decreases notably (7~dB difference was noted between the measurements with TX5-RX18 and TX5-RX19), and when the link is obstructed by a concrete wall, the attenuation is more severe.
\label{sec:Conc}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors would like to thank the graduate students Harini Narasimhan, Uddeshay Gupta, Martins Ezuma, Vageesh A. Dambal, Nishant Anand, Chunmay Datar, Sri Latha Sunkara, Madhusudhan Gopalappa, and Kairui Du for their help with the measurements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Directions: From central Munich hop on the S1 to Laim metro station and switch to the S2 heading to Peterhausen and jump off at the Untermenzing metro station. From there you want to take bus number 164 and ride it for 3 stops. The bus will drop you off right in front of the campsite, easy!


The original boiler house serving Hill End Hospital was situated behind the entrance building. A 'dragon of a system', it was eventually decided to build a 'new' boiler house in the area between the Woodland Garden and the Commemorative Garden by the Village Green. After the demise of the old heating system at Hill End in 1974, steam was fed through large pipes going under Highfield Lane from the Cell Barnes boilers. A public footpath led diagonally across all these fields but was diverted. These pipes were finally removed in 2005.
In 1974, when Hill End hospital still had 487 beds, its boilers reached the end of their life and were shut down. To provide heating and hot water the boilers at Cell Barnes hospital were enlarged to enable them to provide steam via an over – and underground pipeline to Hill End. The Hill End boiler house was situated in the area between the Woodland Garden and the Commemorative Garden. Water from the hospital was pumped up from its own deep well which was situated on the left hand side corner of Princess Diana Drive as you exit into Hill End Lane.
During 1921 the Hospital bore-hole pumps worked an average of 70 hours a week and in the course of a year pumped 16,249,500 gallons of water. Trouble was experienced with furring up of the pipes carrying hot water so the Committee accepted a proposal from United Water Softeners Ltd to soften the water by the lime-soda system. In 1927 the Committee decided that a new bore-hole was needed, together with a new water-tower. The minutes do not give the reason but probably the existing bore hole could not meet the demand. The new bore, pump house and tower were situated on the northern boundary of the estate near the railway station.


text:
Anja Schillhaneck (* 12. August 1973 in West-Berlin) ist eine deutsche Politikerin (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen). Sie war von 2006 bis 2019 Mitglied des Berliner Abgeordnetenhauses.

Leben
Schillhaneck hat nach dem Abitur 1992 an der Technischen Universität, der Humboldt-Universität und der Freien Universität Berlin studiert. 2003 schloss sie ihr Studium als Diplom-Pädagogin ab. Von 2004 bis 2006 war sie Fachassistentin für Wissenschaft und Europaangelegenheiten der Fraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen im Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin. Bis August 2008 war sie wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Soziologie der TU Berlin im Projekt "Netzwerke für Gründerinnen".

Schillhaneck ist unter anderem Mitglied der GEW, des Bildungswerk Alternative Kommunalpolitik e.V. und des Vereins Digitalcourage.

Sie ist verheiratet und hat eine Tochter und einen Sohn.

Politik
Schillhaneck ist seit 1995 Mitglied der Grünen und war von 2007 bis 2016 Sprecherin der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaft, Hochschule, Technologie.

2006 zog Schillhaneck auf Platz 9 der Landesliste der Grünen in das Berliner Abgeordnetenhaus ein und war dort während der gesamten 16. Wahlperiode stellvertretende Fraktionsvorsitzende und Sprecherin der Fraktion für den Bereich Wissenschaft und Forschung, sowie ab Oktober 2008 Sprecherin für Europaangelegenheiten. Sie saß im Ausschuss für Wissenschaft und Forschung und im Ausschuss für Europa- und Bundesangelegenheiten, Medien, Berlin-Brandenburg und ist Mitglied der (ruhenden) Kuratorien mehrerer Hochschulen Berlins sowie Mitglied des Kuratoriums der Katholischen Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin.

Zur 17. Legislaturperiode zog sie auf Platz 5 der Landesliste wieder ins Parlament ein. Sie wurde von ihrer Fraktion zur Sprecherin für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie sowie zur Sprecherin für Europa- und Bundesangelegenheiten gewählt. Seit September 2014 war sie zusätzlich Sprecherin für Sportpolitik.

In der konstituierenden Sitzung des Abgeordnetenhauses am 27. Oktober 2011 wurde sie auf Vorschlag der Fraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen zur Vizepräsidentin des Abgeordnetenhauses gewählt.

Zur Abgeordnetenhauswahl am 18. September 2016 trat sie sowohl auf Platz 5 der Landesliste ihrer Partei als auch als Direktkandidatin im Wahlkreis 6 Tempelhof-Schöneberg an. Ihre Wahl erfolgte über die Landesliste. In der Legislaturperiode übernahm sie die Rolle der Sprecherin für Finanzen und Wissenschaft.

Im Mai 2019 gab sie bekannt, dass sie aus persönlichen Gründen nach gut 13 Jahren zum 31. Juli 2019 ihr Mandat im Abgeordnetenhaus niederlegen werde. Für Schillhaneck rückte Petra Vandrey nach, bisherige Fraktionsvorsitzende der Grünen in der Bezirksverordnetenversammlung Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.

Schillhaneck lebt in Berlin-Marienfelde.

Weblinks

 Homepage

 Seite über Anja Schillhaneck bei der Grünen-Fraktion

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Abgeordnetenhauses von Berlin
Bündnis-90/Die-Grünen-Mitglied
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1973
Frau


INCREDIBLE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY! END OF GROUP ROWHOME WITH OVER 1,800 SQ. FT. OF LIVING SPACE AND DETACHED GARAGE! Main level with a living room, dining room, kitchen, & full bath, upper level with 4 bedrooms & 1 full bath, full basement, rear yard, and detached garage. Sold As-Is! CASH OR HARD MONEY LOANS ONLY!


Mainstreets and town centres, by their very nature, are all unique. In a world that seems to increasingly tend towards standardisation and homogenisation, this variety is what makes the mainstreet experience so refreshing.
This year there are 4 mainstreets and town centres in the running for the coveted People's Choice Award. Each of our vastly different nominees has its own unique style and offering, and they are all a testament to the variety and personality to be found in mainstreets and town centres all around South Australia. Before you cast your vote for the 2018 People's Choice Award read on for summaries about each of the nominees. When you are ready to vote CLICK HERE.
Goodwood Road epitomises all that is great about a vibrant business community, much loved by those who live and visit the area, along with those who work in its very varied mix of mainly family owned small businesses. Cafes and restaurants, retail shops, health and beauty services, homewares and finance all feature on Goodwood Road, along with the iconic Capri Theatre, and the ever popular "The Goody" Hotel. Quirky artwork and innovative "welcome mats" embedded in the sidestreets leading to the road are features which help make #goodyroad alive and vibrant.
Prospect Road, known for its creative art scene and indie sensibility, is now becoming a great lifestyle and entertainment mainstreet. The introduction of the Palace Nova Prospect Cinemas has injected a visible buzz and vibrancy into the local economy. Experience fine dining, cafe culture, a contemporary lifestyle, boutique shopping, nightlife, entertainment, and street art. Visit Prospect Road for a Muratti cake, weekend outfit, latte, or boutique cinema experience. Discover the unusual and quirky in the heart of Prospect. Discover more on Prospect Road.
Stirling is blessed with a winning combination of leafy village setting and real community feel. It is home to quality independent boutique stores that are located in an ever-changing seasonal streetscape, making it a delight to visit all year round. Stirling hosts quality events such as the Stirling Market, Stirling Laneways and Stirling Fringe and is a beacon for people heading up to the Adelaide Hills on the weekend. Stirling is also a welcoming place for locals to get the things they need from friendly people they know.
In the heart of the beautiful seaside town of Victor Harbor you will find a mainstreet that has it all…shopping, coffee, dining, services, entertainment, accommodation, events, art and historic buildings. Visitors love it for the relaxed atmosphere where they get to explore, shop and eat. The locals will tell you it's the place where they meet friends for a coffee, catch a movie, enjoy a meal with the family and can find the perfect gift for all occasions.