1. normal mode (NormalMode): simply pass mould, referring to the second set of input power line noise between. These noise mostly consists of a short or a static power converters, interference, when these interference with normal signals overlap, the equipment component is unable to tell, because normal signal is to die for state exists.
Second, common mode (CommonMode): short for common mode, referring to the power supply and ground connection between clutter. This part of the noise causes mostly because of the grounding, lightning, poor design, broadcast radio, motor electromagnetic or ground fault caused by such factors.
The second mode is to noise disturbance of transmission and distinction, usually we will collation to electromagnetic interference (EMI, ElectromagneticInterference) and radio frequency interference (RFI, RadioFrequencyInterference), etc. General home power issues occurs, generally is electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference, power, stability, etc. Want to solve these problems, and rely on audio equipment internal power line is usually not enough and, therefore, will have power for handling equipment. However, each audio mystery House of the problems encountered are different, the market power handling equipment types and quite a lot, so this how to choose a suitable power supply equipment, even own what should purchase this product, also is our 「introduction thorough research 」. Next, we will all experience a power problem sorting out, so that readers can more easily understood further understanding power processor.
Power handling equipment common species present on the market of power processing equipment, the functions are surge absorber, power filter, isolation transformers, power supply, voltage regulators, etc. They are individually responsible for the different functions and roleare described below.
Surge Absorber's main role is used to suppress excessive surge voltage. Under normal conditions, the power company to the user in the power supply voltage is 110V, however in some circumstances will appear at the moment over normal voltage value, as it were struck by lightning or power failure, and other factors. Although the power company is equipped with protective measures, but because of their response speed and protection level has some limits, so there are some spikes might instants are delivered to the user's home. In addition, the power of these protection devices in 「introduction of actuators and duplexing 」 moments often produce some surge, there is the home of the power switch at the moment of the action, will surge as well.
I. synthesis of surge absorber: mostly applicable to lightning, absorbing current range in between 500A-500KA.
Second, semiconductor-surge absorber: can be divided into OVaristor (absorbed current range 200A-20KA), SiCVaristor (absorbed current range 100A-10KA), SeSurgeAbsober (absorbed current range 10A-1KA), bidirectional Zener diode (absorbed current range 1A-50A).
3. filter type surge absorber: divided into CR (capacitance and resistance, current range 1A-50A) and CL (capacitor and inductor, absorbs the current range of 10A-1KA) second circuit, this is the sound power processor most common surge absorption device.
Power filters are primarily intended to eliminate the noise inside the power supply, power supply noise can affect the performance of a sound audio equipment, general assertion that it will make the sound, sound field positioning effects. Usually filter capacitance and inductance is to use a group select circuit synthesis (LC), allows a specific frequency signal through, non-specific frequency signals are blocked by attenuation or. Most often used by EMI filter, noise about 50KHz above a relatively good filtering effect and noise attenuation specifications about only about 40dB. The disadvantage is the event of large amplitude or surge noise, easy to make because of saturated inductance coil and reduce their noise attenuation characteristics, but when an in-line EMI filter only works will therefore improve. The introduction of power processing equipment, as long as it is designed for filtering products are used in this way. In addition, power filter use remember must be grounded, so you can play to their effectiveness.
1. insulation transformer: this is inBetween primary and secondary, plus a layer of special insulators for the primary transmission to secondary noise to be measured. However, in this way and could not be isolated from all the noise, like power switching action, and so on-die interference will not be able to filter out.
Second, the shielding transformer: apart from with the construction of insulating transformer, primary and secondary coils perimeter and using gold foil paper insulation materials to be coated to reduce second coil winding between capacitive effect. Compare with insulated transformer, shielding transformer for high-frequency interference characteristics while better, but still unable to remove flux mode noise.
Third, noise filtering out Transformers: that is in addition to the static, and in most perimeter plus electromagnetic shielding. Noise filtering out transformers can effectively isolate the common mode interference, but about as AC conduction of circular die interference, only attenuation capacity. Noise filtering out the core transformer, power transformer in General is not the same, its limitation through magnetic rate after special design to a specific frequency (a few KHz) above will plummet, so in this particular frequencies above the noise will be relatively attenuation, the higher the frequency, the greater the amount of attenuation. If you cannot use in-line with LC filter, the result will be better. In this introduction to audition for the equipment for the isolation of design products that is in this case.
According to long-term study of new electronic transformer kin indicated that Mr. Wu-transformer efficiency and core (Core) form is not absolute, that is to say both EI, C, r, or ring, cored, unrelated to the performance of the contingent. The core of the form will only be related to size and magnetic fields, such as television is using a transformer, R-Core because it consists in its volume can be extremely flat, and also makes its effect of magnetic field in getting to the cathode ray tube (CRT). The real impact of the core material, steel sheets of material, the better the efficiency is higher.
Power regulator power supply regulator's main role is to provide a constant voltage supply electrical products. Common AC regulator is roughly divided into inductive, connector changes-, magnetic saturation, phase control, linear compensation HES, among these, the phase control-the most visible, it is the use of SCR and TRIAC etc unique cenduction characteristics of electronic components for the phase control control its gate extremely breakover angle in order to achieve the purpose of the regulator. It's the most significant feature is the entire control processes all circuits, in addition, due to its output wave type is not a sine wave, therefore need plus filter to make the output waveform for a sine wave. Although the majority of electrical products (including Hi-End audio) has stabilized, the introduction of some power processor also claims that there is a power supply voltage, but if such harsh perspective judge 「introduction voltage 」, sorry, they are not bypassed.
Key and cognitive on audio enthusiasts, in various forms, actuation principle of power processing equipment, is only there for one purpose-that is how to make audio equipment issued more pleasant voice. The purpose of that difficult in fact it's not hard to say simple or too underestimate the power of the Hi-Fi! although power processing equipment more is just a pile of steel sheets, enameled wire, resistors, inductors, capacitors and insulation material together, but these elements on the level of efficiency and effectiveness of noise reduction, has a decisive impact. Of course, in addition to the material, the other like a coil around the implantation, steel sheets of fixations, the insulation material of location and quantity, circuit design and configuration elements and so on, are also important key advantages and disadvantages. We do not want to see the readers spend a lot of money, and did not receive his expected to achieve results, but should look at the current 「introduction thorough research 」, on issues related to the power supply and processing equipment has further awareness, further discussion is needed, or they should choose what type of power processor.
Companies with high-voltage surge protection, but because of their response speed and protection level has some limits, so there are some spikes might instants to user home; at the same time, these protection devices in 「introduction of actuators and duplexing 」 moments often also have a number of spikes. In the past we often erroneous perception that the ring-type transformer efficiency must be the best, in fact, the core of the form will only be related to size and influence of magnetic field, the real effectiveness of the core material, steel sheets of material, the better the efficiency is higher.


Live Workshop & Conference at RDT Hospital, Anantapur. Conducted under Anantapur Society & FOGSI Endoscopy Committee on 18th February 2018. Demonstrated Laparoscopic Vault Prolapse Repair, 200 delegates attended.


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American in Spain
Bungalow Camping in France
My wife, in theory, but almost never in practice, gets off work at 6pm, and has a 30 minute commute back home. As previously researched, the trip to our camping ground in the Landes region of France, was two and a half hours. So ideally we were hoping to arrive to our bungalow at 9pm. Due to work emergencies and children demanding to do pee-pee (even though they just had) before leaving, we ended up leaving at 7:30pm. When I pasted the address of our campground into Google Maps, Apple Maps, and Waze, they all agreed that it was about 3.5 hours away. Ugh! They must be intelligently taking traffic into account.
Luckily, I had spoken to the campground earlier in the day, and when I had predicted a 9pm arrival, they told me that that was way too late for the office to be open, and that they would put our key and stuff into a combination lock box, with the combination 010203048 (modified for publication), so I was prepared. I drove to just before the border, and my wife took over from there. We generally do better with me managing the GPS navigating. Also, I hate driving at night, in cities, in foreign countries, and in the rain slightly more than she does, and all of those were the case that night. I had brought my passport and my Spanish residency card to facilitate the border crossing, but the only evidence that we had crossed a border was a different font and language on the street signs.
As with everything in life, you don't know how well you've got it until you experience not having something. The motorway quality in the part of France we were in was atrocious! And we could barely get up to full cruising speed before we had to slow down at the next toll booth to fork over 2€ for the 200 meters we had just driven. That's a slight exaggeration, but only slight.
When we finally got near the little beach town that my phone was directing us towards, at around 10:40pm, we were exhausted. The kids had mercifully slept the whole way but they were starting to wake up. I said, "Okay, it should be about 100 meters down here at the end of the road," I stated confidently. When we got to the pin on the virtual map, all we saw was a Hotel La Plage, no camping ground. Concerned, I went back to the contact I had for the place in my phone, and it said it was on Avenue La Plage, but I also had some GPS coordinates. I plugged those into Google Maps and swore. Every single navigation app had confused the Avenue with the Hotel.
We had driven just over an hour too far north, and now had to backtrack 70 minutes.
Just before midnight, we rolled into the campground. Confident that I had everything under control, I looked around until I found the lock box, pulled up the number I had for it, and typed it in. No luck. Slowly and deliberately, I did it again. Rien. One more try, and it stopped beeping all together.
While I waited a few minutes for it to accept input again, I examined the keypad with my phone's flashlight. The zero button was worn totally away; but the zero I needed to type could only be there. It also had A and B buttons where the * and # buttons were on old touchtone phones. When it let me type again, I tried hitting those as if they had "reset" or "send" functionality. Still no luck. As a last resort, I phoned the mobile number I had for the campground. A sleepy French voice answered. I explained that we had just arrived, and my code, 010203048, was not opening the box. He said, "No, the last number is A, not eight!" Good flippin' lord! I had even read it back to the woman over the phone, but A and 8 sound too similar in English. Finally we had our key and we found our new home, Bungalow 85.
The kids were pretty excited to see the bungalow, which was just like an IKEA showroom: clean, elegant (full of IKEA furniture), but not really feasible if you actually want to live with stuff. It was even too tight to get any good interior photographs. The worst part about the place was these miserable disposable paper sheets that we were supposed to put on the beds. If we ever go back, we are bringing our own sheets. Oh, and also.... no toilet paper!!! By complete chance, we remembered that we had a roll in the trunk of our car for some reason. Salvation!
We heated up the meatballs that I had made for our dinner, and we finally all got to bed around 2am, with actual sleep coming an hour later.
The bungalow all woke up more or less together at 8:30 on Friday morning. We had some breakfast that we had brought, milk and cookies. I went to the reception desk to officially check in. They have us a courtesy present in a colorful box. When I got back to the bungalow to open it, I saw that it contained a single roll of toilet paper. Hmm...
The kids and I went to explore a little around the camping area, which was jam packed with bungalows, each with its plumbing and gas connections underneath. Some of them were clearly privately owned and spiffed up; others were just the barebones model we had. Just when we got to the far end of the campground, it started pouring rain, and the kids and I had to run back to our bungalow.
We only had two umbrellas, and one of them was broken, between the four of us, so our first order of business was to buy another two umbrellas. We decided to drive 30 minutes (with traffic) south into Bayonne to see the city and buy some parapluies. The camping area and nearby beach would be wonderful to explore were it not raining, but it was...so.
We parked in the center of Bayonne. It was raining too hard to do anything other than run under some covered shops. In one shop, we found a nice umbrella for Nora, and Ian found one that was pretty cool, but was about five times what we wanted to spend, so we only bought Nora's. Ian flipped out and cried and cried and cried. Then we went to buy some shoes for Ian, which he needs pretty urgently, but he kicked and fought us the whole time we were trying them on, and somehow he managed to hurt his foot. Combined with his frustration with the world and some level of pain in his foot that he blamed on us, he became psychosomatically incapable of putting any weight on that foot, and therefore unable to walk. Meanwhile, the rain kept coming down harder and harder. Even though we could see the gorgeous cathedral, we decided it was time to head to another sacred site, the Cathedral of Consumerism: the shopping mall.
Due to some road construction, we missed the entrance to the mall we were aiming for, and ended up at a grocery store that had a little semi-self-serve lunch buffet place next door. While my wife took a phone call from work in the car, I headed into the grocery store to buy some of the supplies we needed for our stay. Miraculously, Ian completely forgot that his foot didn't work. We were now out of the tourist area and mixed with regular locals, so the checkout woman and I shared no common language. But it turns out that hand gestures work pretty well, and using a credit card takes a lot of hassle out of knowing the words for numbers. One of our purchases was a cheap Spiderman umbrella for Ian.
I took the shopping haul to the car, and we all went into the cafeteria/buffet place. The general gist of it was that you had to get a tray, and then order something from a picture menu. The adult meals came with a trip to the salad bar as well. We were given tickets for our main course to redeem at the hot food bar, and when we got our serving of meat, we could self-serve whatever sides we wanted. The food was not horrible, but pretty unremarkable in every way. The place was shutting down at 2pm when we left. The weather was still horrible, so we got in the car and drove two hundred meters over to the actual shopping mall, called BAB2.
Unlike some of the local malls where we live, BAB2 didn't have any sort of ball pit children's play area, so we were stuck milling around in the shops. I'm accustomed to having to always be saying, "C'mon kids, we've got stuff to accomplish!" when in malls with them, but this was a totally different experience. We were prisoners with no real objective, and all the time in the world. That said, however, we did end up exchanging money for goods, most importantly winter coats for the kids, which we had neglected to pack, and came in very handy the rest of the trip, as temperatures ducked down to 10ºC.
The walk from the main shopping area at BAB2 to the bathrooms was gorgeous.
Throughout the whole trip, it was interesting watching the French service workers decide what language to speak to us in. As we wandered into a shop, usually the kids would be challenging each other to race around as fast as possible in Spanish, and their mother would tell them not to run around in Spanish, so the shopkeeper would ask if they could help us in Spanish. After a few minutes, they'd hear me say something to the kids in English, and after several times of hearing me, they'd say, "Sorry, you speak English, too?"
We decided, out of convenience, and our exhaustion from lack of sleep the previous night, that we should have dinner at one of the restaurants across the street from the bungalow campground. The 30 minute drive from Bayonne took almost an hour due to bumper-to-bumper traffic congestion. It wasn't quite dinner time when we arrived, and it blissfully wasn't raining, so we decided to walk the 600 meters to see the beach.
Pretty much the whole province of Landes is totally flat and sandy, clearly it is land that was, through some luck and engineering, claimed from the sea. It would not take much of a sea level rise to lose it all again. As such we had no view of the sea right up until we climbed the three meter elevation rise that is protecting the region, and then we were met with that stiff clean breeze of the mighty open Atlantic.
It was gorgeous. All the beaches I've ever been to pride themselves on how long they are, but this beach literally runs, unending, half the length of France.
We didn't walk down to the sand, but enjoyed the view for it was. We were starting to get hungry, so we walked back to examine our dining options. We ended up choosing La Belle Venise, an Italian place. 9 out of every 10 restaurants we saw claimed to be pizzerias. The French seem to love pizza... or at least the vacationing French, as we were in a highly touristic place. In fact, the other restaurant that wasn't Italian was usually marketed as Basque. A lot of French people come to Bayonne to "experience Basque culture" without having to change languages. I didn't see nearly as much written Basque as there is on the more separatist Spanish side of the border.
Our waiter at the pizza place was a 14-year-old boy, the son of the owners, with an Italian mother and a Moroccan father, who learned Spanish and English in school. So he speaks fluent French, Spanish, English, Italian, and a little Arabic. We were blown away. He was also a pretty friendly and confident kid. He's going places. Our pizza was delicious, the cheap Bordeaux was not, and we headed back to the bungalow for the night.
Just as predicted, it didn't rain at all that night. But in the morning, just as I was being sent across the street to buy some croissants...
The lady at the bakery was patient with me, but I managed the whole interaction in French. Deux croissants, deux eclairs. And I had un café au lait while I waited the cinq minutes for the croissants to finish baking. I have no understanding of the numbers, and she didn't have a cash register that told me the price, so I gave her a ten euro note and took the change. The croissants were okay, but the rest was pretty mediocre.
With a full day of rain ahead of us, we decided that we were going to have to find some other kind of shopping mall or something. But that's when I had the idea to search for some sort of indoor "kid's park". Luckily, there was a great one nearby, Planètenkids, in a little beach town called Tarnos, between where we were staying in Labenne and Bayonne.
We spent several hours there. The kids really had a lot of fun around lunch time when the morning crowd cleared out and left it fairly empty. They had wifi, and my wife and I actually got some work done. To not complicate matters, we chose to eat an overpriced mediocre "panini" at the snack bar. When the afternoon crowd came, including four or five separate birthday parties worth of enfants, our kids were no longer having any fun, so we left.
We let each kid spend a euro to play this game. Sometimes the little guys wouldn't stay down. My inner Brit had a chuckle about going to France to play whack-a-frog. 😆
We drove into Bayonne to give one more shot at exploring the city. And we got lucky!
This was our view as we were entering the city. The storm cloud was leaving.
We made it to the cathedral!
After traveling in Europe as much as I have, each new cathedral is less and less interesting. They are all incredibly impressive, and all sort of the same.
Nora was particularly mesmerized by this corner.
Tired kids rest for a moment.
We walked around for about an hour, exploring the cobblestone streets.
Bayonne is a pretty lovely city. I like river cities, which, let's be honest, are almost all of them.
Again, for convenience, we decided to have dinner near the bungalows, choosing to eat at the actual campground pub. The menu was almost all pizzas, so we had pizza a second night in a row. Both the pizza and the wine regressed to the mean, the pizza was worse, and the wine better.
The view of my bungalow-mates from outside the bungalow.
It rained all night. Our plan for our final day was to stop by Biarritz, which was on the way home. We had been there with my parents eleven years ago (holy cow we look young!). Our plan was to evaluate the weather outside and the internal family weather inside and decide whether or not to even stop. If you look at the map, there is no clear line where Bayonne stops and Biarritz starts, as their urban sprawls have met. When we arrived, the kids were feeling okay and it wasn't raining, so we went for a stroll.
The kids had been denied a merry-go-round ride in Bayonne the day before, so we decided to grant their wish in Biarritz. It was very windy and cold. The water was full of surfers.
The one thing on my list that I was sad we hadn't gotten to do was to actually eat French food, particularly crepes. So just as we were deciding to head back to our car to leave, I spotted a creperie and suggested we stop. As soon as we sat down at our table, Ian declared, "I want pizza!!" We managed to convince him that crepes are a type of pizza.
My cute little crepe eater.
Ian's going through a funny photo-posing phase.
My crepe had spinach, goat cheese, and cream. It was lovely.
Then it was time to hop in the car and cross the border. It was so nice to cross the border to get to the better roads and the street signs in the font we are accustomed to. We got home with time to shower and go out for a little walk in our own little village. It was about 8º warmer than in Biarritz.
Despite getting extremely unlucky with the weather, we accomplished the two main goals that I had for the trip: to all get along and none of us get too stressed out (important when traveling with kids, especially in adverse conditions), and to whet our appetite for future such travels. One of the features of the camping ground where we were was a huge water park with water slides. We definitely all left with a desire to return under better meteorological circumstances.
Au revoir France. Merci et à bientôt. 🇫🇷❤

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Absolutely stunning and I smiled the entire time. Taking the 7.57 train from Bergen to Oslo was the first ticket I booked, before both the flight to Norway and the interrail ticket itself.
Travelling in the NSB Komfort carriage for seven and a half hours, cost just £9 more than standard class. Leg room was huge, complete with a folding table, free tea and coffee and a viewing platform. It's nice to stretch your legs but the best views by far come from sitting in the window seat with your legs stretched out, mouth agape.
Ready for a Nordic adventure.
From the start of this journey I was in heaven. As you travel up through the mountains, there are initially a lot of tunnels that as you come out the other side, tease you with fantastic views before they become normality for the remainder of the journey.
The journey from Bergen to Oslo begins in style.
Snowy view from Finse platform.
Sunshine, rolling hills, lakes that look painted by a great artist, steep and craggy mountainsides, glaciers, snow capped mountains, frozen lakes, beaches and forests that go on forever. It truly feels like the seasons have sped up as you go cross country. Two coffees down, the aim to 'get jaunty' was accomplished.
About halfway through, everywhere feels very remote and you're hit by the urge to set up home in the middle of nowhere and rear cattle from a little wooden adobe. A few times, I jumped off the train at the stations to take in the fresh air and get whistled at by the conductor to hurry back on! As I spent a fair bit of time alone at the end of our carriage taking pictures from the right hand side where the mountains cascaded, I thought this is it, this is the most beautiful view, I'm done. Words nor photos do it justice. Thank you Norway!
A great view for 10am.
Snow snow snow… snow (like a cow).
Bridge and mist in the valleys.
Two thirds through the journey and you start to see people again and other trains as the landscape gets more populated with activity, quarries, livestock and housing. It announces that you're nearing the city of Oslo and have come back down from the mountains; the temperature varied from 8C to 31C, although with the air con, you don't realise.
To add a little review of the services on board, the food carriage is stylish with american style diner tables and stools, but the food is very similar to what you might expect on a First Great Western sleeper train from London to Penzance… so not advisable. The free hot drinks in Komfort are a great extra and taste pretty good for machine coffee. When you book, be sure not to choose the kids and family carriage unless you have young children; walking through to check out the food, it was very noisy and very chaotic!
Arriving in Oslo, there's a different vibe to Bergen as it's more metropolitan and bustling. The sculpture park (you might know the one with all the strangely positioned men) and Edvard Munch's The Scream await – however, it's got a lot of competition from what I've just seen en route.


text:
3 books from Tom Stafford
17.19, Wednesday 8 Jul 2020 Link to this post
Tom Stafford and I wrote Mind Hacks together, back in the day. (Boasting moment: Mind Hacks ended up getting translated into Japanese, Korean, Greek, Polish, Italian, and Finnish, which still astounds me. Hey, well done us!)
I've been reading his newsletter, Reasonable People, which is all about the psychology of persuasion and rational argument. Subscribe/read it here. And I feel this topic is super relevant rn given the polarisation of opinion on many axes in society, and the paradox that
the drip-drip of extremist messages seems to be radicalising regular people very effectively, so minds are definitely amenable to change over time;
YET try to get people to change or even moderate their position on something like left/right, gun/no-guns, Leave/Remain, or something even more emotive, and minds seem more fixed than ever.
Which means I feel like I understand nothing, so I want to learn more.
What I did is ask Tom for a reading list: 3 books to give me a grounding in the psychology of persuasion.
I'll ask him to introduce himself first…
Hey Tom, tell us what you do?
I work as a lecturer in psychology and cognitive science at the University of Sheffield. That mostly means I teach and research the basic mechanisms of learning and decision making, using experiments or analysing large observational data sets. I've got a side gig in trying to write about how psychology works, as a discipline, for a general audience. Recently I've been writing about the science of persuasion, argument and rationality for my newsletter.
Find Tom on Twitter as @tomstafford.
Read on for his three books…
#1. Influence: Science and Practice, Robert Cialdini
There's a tendency in psychology research to emphasise the quirks – the extraneous or small factors which influence us when they shouldn't. I had an epiphany when I realised that the engine of this type of research is actually baked into the model of science which we follow: hold everything constant except one factor, run experiments to test how variation of that factor affects the outcome. For experiments on persuasion this means making the effect of rational argument - which is the same in all experimental conditions - invisible, and highlighting the effect of non-rational factors. This book is a great example of where that whole programme of research can lead you.
Influence: Science and Practice: Google Books / Wikipedia
#2. The Expanding Circle, Peter Singer
A counter-blast to the tradition in psychology which de-emphasises rationality. Includes an intoxicating account of how reason, once established, has its own internal dynamic – ideas generate new ideas; we're driven to some conclusions regardless of what we originally intended or wanted. We adopt reason as a tool but, Singer argues, "Reason is no mere slave".
The Expanding Circle: Google Books / Wikipedia
#3. The Enigma of Reason: A New Theory of Human Understanding, by Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber
This is the book which really started me on my current trip thinking about rationality. It is an apex example of how you do philosophy incorporating insights from evolution and experimental psychology, and it triggered a gestalt switch in how I thought about reasoning. Reading it made me realise how I'd been following the tradition in psychology which emphasised irrational factors over the rational, and which pushed the view that these quirks, biases and limitations are an overwhelming problem for our self-image as rational individuals. Mercier & Sperber don't argue these irrational factors away, they show that there's another, better, way of looking at them, one which considers reason as a property of interactions between individuals. Not only does this give you a whole, new, and productive, way of looking at the old evidence, it also create more space for optimism about our human capacity reasonableness.
The Enigma of Reason: A New Theory of Human Understanding: Google Books
Can I just say that I am in love with the term gestalt switch.
Cheers Tom!
3-books (33 posts)


text:
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M R Cagney Pty Ltd full data: finance, accounts, vacancies. Download bank accounts, tenders, credit history, taxes and fees M R Cagney Pty Ltd.
M R Cagney Pty Ltd is a limited by shares, Australian proprietary company. This corporation was registered on 2000-06-15 and was issued with the 093336504 ACN. Its Australian Business Number is 11093336504. Since 2015-01-13, the company is headquartered in QLD, post code 4064. The previous headquarters were located in QLD 4064 (from 2006-07-20 to 2015-01-13), QLD 4101 (from 2000-06-17 to 2006-07-20). M R Cagney Pty Ltd was registered for the GST on 2000-07-01. In total the company used 0 trading names. The company has also used 2 business names, namely Lean Challenge Consulting And Change Management from 2013-07-03, Mrc Engineering Consultants from 2008-03-01. The above data comes from the ABN database which was updated on 2015-07-19. We found 0 trademarks that mention this company.


Current Rule 14a-8 process is outdated and requires substantial modernization.
More companies are litigating for the exclusion of shareholder proposals in lieu of using the SEC's no-action process.
SEC Commissioner Gallagher joins several business associations that have called for changes to the Rule 14a-8 process.
The 2014 proxy season is winding down, and the outcome of most of the shareholder proposals submitted for consideration has been determined. To date, shareholders submitted more than 800 proposals, which may be a record number. Roughly half of the proposals submitted in 2014 address environmental or social issues such as political activities and climate change, which typically garner low levels of shareholder support but continue to be resubmitted year after year. Remarkably, almost 20 percent of 2014 proposals were submitted by John Chevedden and Kenneth Steiner, perennial retail activists who typically hold only a nominal amount of shares in the companies they target. Although many shareholder proposals have no rational relationship to the creation of shareholder value, the flood of proposals submitted by corporate gadflies and investment funds pursuing special interests shows no sign of abating.
Shareholder proposals cost U.S. companies tens of millions of dollars each year, including the costs involved in negotiating with proponents, seeking SEC no-action relief to exclude proposals from proxy statements, and in preparing opposition statements. Of course, companies also spend millions more to implement successful shareholder proposals or to seek to mitigate the very real consequences—including withhold vote recommendations from proxy advisory firms—for failing to do so. Moreover, the voting policies of proxy advisory firms typically define a "successful" proposal as one that wins a majority of votes cast, which in many cases is far less than a majority of the outstanding shares.
Recently, several companies have taken their disputes over shareholder proposals to the courtroom rather than pursuing SEC no-action relief—signaling their frustration with the SEC's no-action process and abuses of the shareholder proposal system. Several companies have challenged Mr. Chevedden's approach of being designated as the "proxy" for another shareholder—in essence, renting shareholder status to pursue social interests that, while possibly laudable, do not really serve corporate interests. A number of companies have challenged Mr. Chevedden's proposals for including false and misleading statements. Although many claims were dismissed on the grounds that the company failed to demonstrate imminent injury, at least two resulted in favorable rulings. One company won declaratory relief (which was upheld on appeal) against Mr. Chevedden's "proposal-by-renter-rather-than-owner" approach. Another company won declaratory relief after the SEC previously denied no-action relief for the exclusion of a proposal that included inaccurate statements about the company's executive compensation, corporate governance policies, and director election results. Although outcomes in shareholder proposal litigation may not be more predictable than those achieved through the SEC no-action process, at least some companies may continue to view litigation as a viable alternative for addressing perceived abuses of the shareholder proposal process.
In our view, the SEC's Rule 14a-8 shareholder proposal system is antiquated. We are not alone in the view that serious reform is required. This spring, SEC Commissioner Daniel Gallagher publicly criticized the Rule 14a-8 process, including the "absurdly low" holding requirement of $2,000 worth of shares, the loose requirements for proposal topics, and the lack of guidance available to the SEC staff for determining when to grant no-action relief—and the resulting inconsistency in staff positions. Commissioner Gallagher also challenged the low thresholds for resubmission of shareholder proposals—at most, proposals require only 10 percent support to permit resubmission in the following year.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Corporate Directors, and several other business groups have also questioned the low resubmission thresholds for shareholder proposals in a recent petition for SEC rulemaking. Those groups assert that the current rules fail to preclude repeated shareholder proposals that have no realistic likelihood of winning the support of a substantial percentage of shares, resulting in a "tyranny of the minority" in which a small number of shareholders can continuously override the will of the holders of 90 percent of shares, by forcing attention—and expenditure—on Quixotic missions.
Of course, the SEC has a substantial backlog of Dodd-Frank rulemaking initiatives, and a full-scale reform of the rules relating to shareholder proposals may not be forthcoming any time soon. We hope, however, that continuing calls for reform may spur real change in this area, beginning with a simple amendment to increase the proposal resubmission thresholds to a more appropriate level.


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Meaning of Terminus in English
station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods
either end of a railroad or bus route
(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome
the ultimate goal for which something is done
a place where something ends or is complete
Literally, a boundary; a border; a limit.
The roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman, satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the ground on a boundary line.
Hence, any post or stone marking a boundary; a term. see term, 8.
Either end of a railroad line; also, the station house, or the town or city, at that place.


text:
Albert Lion Smith 14-23-2-0 (KO 4)
Residence Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Albert Lion Smith Career Record
39 0/0 37-30-13 Herbie Nurse 0/0 L (PTS 12) 26 Feb 1934 Windmill Club, Rushden, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
38 0/0 3-2-0 Tab Davies 0/0 L (TKO 7) 21 May 1933 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
37 0/0 11-13-4 Harry Williams 0/0 W (PTS 12) 30 Apr 1933 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
36 0/0 8-1-4 Young Stan Squires 0/0 L (PTS 10) 02 Jan 1933 Madeley Street Baths, Hull, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
35 0/0 2-6-2 Jack Desmond 0/0 L (PTS 12) 19 Jun 1932 Brunswick Stadium, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
34 0/0 9-3-0 Horace Kid Woolmer 0/0 L (PTS 10) 03 Apr 1932 Brunswick Stadium, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
33 0/0 29-18-11 Johnny (Young) Summers 0/0 D (PTS) 22 Feb 1932 Drill Hall, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
32 0/0 debut Peter Higgins 0/0 L (KO 5) 27 Dec 1931 Brunswick Stadium, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
31 0/0 3-3-0 Len Mott 0/0 W (PTS 10) 19 Dec 1931 Kendal, Cumbria, United Kingdom
30 0/0 6-2-0 Horace Kid Woolmer 0/0 L (PTS 10) 18 Jul 1931 Halifax AFC Ground, Halifax, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
29 0/0 2-1-0 Andy McLaughlin 0/0 L (KO 4) 08 May 1931 New St James Hall, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
28 0/0 debut Young Snowy 0/0 W (RTD 2) 15 Mar 1931 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
27 0/0 1-0-0 Charlie Knock 0/0 W (KO 4) 14 Mar 1931 New St James Hall, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
26 0/0 3-0-0 Tom Beckett 0/0 W (PTS 12) 08 Mar 1931 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
25 0/0 28-17-10 Johnny (Young) Summers 0/0 L (PTS 10) 01 Feb 1931 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
24 0/0 2-0-0 Ted Carter 0/0 L (PTS 0) 28 Dec 1930 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
23 0/0 12-14-2 Fred Oldfield 0/0 L (PTS 15) 13 Dec 1930 Theatre Royal, Darlington, County Durham, United Kingdom
22 0/0 33-15-6 Jack Coney 0/0 L (PTS 10) 28 Nov 1930 Majestic Rink, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
21 0/0 1-6-1 John Melia 0/0 L (PTS 12) 18 Aug 1930 Olympia Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
20 0/0 0-1-1 Andre Beghin 0/0 W (PTS 8) 12 May 1930 New St James Hall, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
19 0/0 0-1-0 Chuck Parker 0/0 L (PTS 12) 09 Mar 1930 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
18 0/0 16-16-3 Eddie Donoghue 0/0 L (PTS 12) 19 Jan 1930 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
17 0/0 6-0-3 Tommy Kenny 0/0 L (PTS 10) 06 Jan 1930 Drill Hall, Keighley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
16 0/0 0-3-3 Hal Starkey 0/0 L (PTS 10) 04 Jan 1930 T & T Skating Rink, Bridlington, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
15 0/0 5-1-0 Bert Swaddle 0/0 D (PTS) 15 Dec 1929 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
14 0/0 debut Kid Hayes 0/0 L (DQ 4) 09 Dec 1929 Ideal Skating Rink, Harrogate, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
13 0/0 6-4-0 Billy Mack 0/0 W (PTS 15) 12 Oct 1929 Borough Hall, Hartlepool, County Durham, United Kingdom
12 0/0 4-5-1 Harry White 0/0 L (KO 2) 05 May 1929 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
11 0/0 1-2-0 Frank Ormerod 0/0 W (PTS 10) 11 Apr 1929 Drill Hall, Todmorden, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
10 0/0 14-3-2 Tommy Marren 0/0 L (PTS 12) 25 Jan 1929 Drill Hall, Todmorden, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
9 0/0 37-11-6 Jack (Kid) Casey 0/0 L (KO 1) 04 Nov 1928 Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
8 0/0 3-1-1 Ted Abbot 0/0 W (PTS 10) 08 Apr 1928 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
7 0/0 7-0-1 Sid (Young) Aldridge 0/0 L (KO 8) 28 Aug 1927 NSC, Mill Street Stadium, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
6 0/0 debut A Wrigglesworth 0/0 W (KO 2) 24 Jul 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
5 0/0 debut Len Williams 0/0 W (PTS 10) 03 Jul 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
4 0/0 1-0-0 Tiger Smith 0/0 W (PTS 6) 05 Jun 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
3 0/0 1-0-0 Tiger Smith 0/0 W (DQ 1) 05 Jun 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
2 0/0 0-1-0 Albert Jarvis 0/0 W (KO 4) 29 May 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
1 0/0 debut Tiger Smith 0/0 L (KO 1) 30 Jan 1927 National Sporting Club, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom


There are a range of categories encompassing the full spectrum of the Loyalty business, which are precise and refreshed annually to ensure their importance. The Loyalty Magazine Awards welcomes entries from organisations or brands which operate in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, India, the whole of Asia, and now the Americas - and which interface directly with the customer. All entries will need to be submitted online.
The worthy winners in each category are selected by a judging panel of independent industry experts. The rigorous entry and judging process then culminate in a spectacular evening of celebrations and networking with senior and key players from the loyalty business across the world in attendance. The prestigious Loyalty Magazine Awards black tie dinner and ceremony take place in 2019 again at the historic Tower of London on June 18th.
There are so many occasions when we write about a new programme or loyalty development and I think 'that is superb. It ought to be recognised'. Now we have the chance to do just that with The Loyalty Magazine Awards.
To stay up to date on The Loyalty Magazine Awards please feel free to Register for Updates.


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Space-Warping White Dwarfs Produce Gravitational Waves
By the Editor on August 29, 2012 in Around_the_Web
Gravitational waves, much like the recently discovered Higgs boson, are notoriously difficult to observe. Scientists first detected these ripples in the fabric of space-time indirectly, using radio signals from a pulsar-neutron star binary system. The find, which required exquisitely accurate timing of the radio signals, garnered its discoverers a Nobel Prize. Now a team of astronomers has detected the same effect at optical wavelengths, in light from a pair of eclipsing white dwarf stars.
"This result marks one of the cleanest and strongest detections of the effect of gravitational waves," said Warren Brown of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO). The team discovered the white dwarf pair last year — white dwarfs are the remnant cores of stars like our Sun. The system contains two white dwarf stars so close together — one-third of the Earth-Moon distance — that they make a complete orbit in less than 13 minutes.
Tags:BIG Questions, Cosmology


text:
Alison Fava
Fall from height results in £1.8m fine for manufacturing firm
A food manufacturer has been sentenced after two workers were seriously injured when they fell over four metres through a roof light.
Leeds Magistrates' Court was told how, on 13 April 2016, the two employees of Karro Foods Ltd were investigating a leak from the roof at the Malton site, which the workers did not realise contained several roof lights. The workers were walking closely together and both stood on the same roof light which consequently fell through due to the weight.
One worker suffered four fractured ribs, a punctured lung, and muscular contusions to his outer right thigh. The other suffered a fractured skull, muscular injuries to his right leg and injuries inside his ear which cause ongoing problems with his balance, memory and mental health.
The HSE's investigation found the roof was made of asbestos cement and had several rooflights situated along it but they were not visible due to the build-up of moss and dirt which had accumulated over the years. Employees had also not been made aware of them.
Karro Foods Ltd of Hugden Way, Norton Grove Industrial Estate, Malton, Yorkshire pleaded guilty to breaching Section 2 (1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974. The company was fined £1,866,000 and ordered to pay costs of £8,019.
After the hearing, HSE inspector Mark Slater commented: "This was a wholly avoidable incident, caused by the failure of the company to provide adequate controls against the risks arising from working at height.
"Consideration of roof fragility and rooflights, visible or not, should be made, especially on older buildings."
Watch, The most-read health and safety prosecution and fine stories on SHP in February 2019:
Barbour download: Guide to working at height
Work at any height can cause injury; a fall from a height of just one or two steps can cause serious injury.
The Regulations were amended in 2007 to extend their application to those who work at height providing instruction or leadership to one or more people engaged in caving or climbing by way of sport, recreation, team building or similar activities in Great Britain.
Download your free guide from Barbour to understand: Duties of persons in control of work at height; Duties of persons undertaking work at height; General controls when working at height; Method statement for work at height; Selection of a means of access; Working platforms; Guardrails and toeboards; Ladders Mobile work platforms; Suspended access equipment; Personal suspension equipment and, Inspection of fall arrest equipment.
Download your free guide from Barbour
Fall from height results in £1.8m fine for manufacturing firm A food manufacturer has been sentenced after two workers were seriously injured when they fell over four metres through a roof light.
Nestlé fined after worker traps arm in machine
Sawmill firm sentenced after serious hand injury
Topics: Health and Safety at Work Act, HSE, working at height


1. "Media? Come on through."
When a security guard waves you through a metal detector without having to undress yourself and your camera equipment like a post-holiday Christmas tree, life is good.
2. "Feel free to roam around."
Music-to-my-ears. No minder. No constraints. Show-time!
3. "Your new gear came in today."
4. "My house is a mess, but come on in anyway."
When someone invites you into their home knowing very well that a picture of their messy home could appear in the newspaper, you have finally found a person not afraid to be real. After a day of press conferences and public relations moments, it is a moment to rejoice.
5. "I gave your picture some room to breathe."
When a designer or editor says these magic words to you, unsolicited, I think of Sally Field's' immortal line "You do love me!"
6. "He's OK. Let him through."
When one person with a radio dressed in black waves at you while saying this to a group of others, you know you're getting privileged access. It's even better when no one follows you around afterward.
7. "Don't worry about video."
I enjoy shooting video (don't get me wrong) but only if my assignment is dedicated for it. To shoot both still and video on the same assignment is not easy and to be honest, typically one will suffer.
8. "Take as much time as you need."
The onslaught of time often robs the joy of photographing as a process of discovery. When time is removed as a constraint, it's good to feel that manic urgency melt away.
9. "The contest deadline has been extended."
10. "Hey, you want to come up here for a better view?"
11. "Media parking is near the entrance."
When parking spaces are designated not only for members of the newsmedia AND the spaces are located next to the main entrance, then my feet, back and wallet all sing in unison.
12. "We opened up some space for your pictures."
You can have two reactions to this. One is to muster your sense of entitlement and sniff, "Of course you would do that in the face of such masterpieces." The other is to be real and say "Is this April 1st?"
13. "You can wait inside."
"Hurry-up-and-wait" is a common-enough phrase in this business. When it's not "Hurry-up-and-wait-in sub-zero-weather-with-your-beater-idling-for-what-could-be-hours," and instead is the above quote, then the only proper response is, "Thank you o' merciful and kind soul!"
I am appalled by the harassment that journalists and their crew are receiving from security personnel. This is lamentable.


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Ethanol tends to "dry" the orifices. Customers should be made aware that this can be a problem with some fuel injectors. And may cause a "sticking" problem. It is suggested that a tank of 91-98 octane gasoline be run to every 5 or 6 tanks of Ethanol to re-lube not only the fuel injectors, but the entire fuel component system. This is also considered to be good maintenance, but not essential, for stainless steel based fuel injectors.
© 2019 Fuel Injector Connection.


Photo: Ambassador of Italy to the UN, Sebastiano Cardi, Ambassador of Iceland to the UN, Einar Gunnarsson and the Chief of the UN Treaty Section Santiago Villalpando on 17 June 2016.
Legal scholars debate crime of aggression amendments: Last week, Professors Claus Kreß and Harold Koh led a spirited discussion on some of the details of the Kampala Amendments in New York. They discussed the activation of the ICC's jurisdiction over the crime of aggression in 2017, including the precise extent of the Court's jurisdiction as well as the question of humanitarian intervention. Don't miss the arguments raised by Stefan Barriga, Liechtenstein's Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN and co-drafter of the Kampala Amendments, at 1:01:15, as to how some of the concerns raised can be met with pragmatic solutions – especially in light of the fact that the amendments establish a very limited, consent-based jurisdictional regime. Carrie McDougall, Legal Adviser of the Australian Mission to the UN, at 1:10:15, noted that for those States that have ratified the amendments, there are no jurisdictional ambiguities – meaning that ratifying the amendments would help solve any remaining questions in this regard.
The International Criminal Court and the Crime of Aggression from German Center for Research and I on Vimeo.
El Salvador ratifies amended version of the Rome Statute: On 3 March 2016, Hugo Roger Martinez Bonilla, Foreign Minister of El Salvador, deposited his country's instrument of ratification of the amended Rome Statute. El Salvador thus became the first country to ratify the Statute and the Kampala Amendments at the same time – it will be the 124th State Party to the Rome Statute and the 28th State Party to the Kampala Amendments. El Salvador's ratification once again underscores Latin America's strong commitment to the International Criminal Court – all but one Central American States have now joined – all of South America is already within the Court's jurisdiction. The Campaign is hopeful that future States joining the Rome Statute will follow El Salvador's lead and ratify the amended Statute. With several other domestic ratification processes complete or nearing completion, we remain on track to achieve the milestone of 30 ratifications in the first half of this year.
Photo: Hugo Roger Martinez Bonilla, Foreign Minister of El Salvador deposits his country's instrument of ratification. Stephen Mathias, Assistant-Secetary-General for Legal Affairs of the United Nations, receives the instrument.
Macedonia ratifies Kampala Amendments, adopts implementing legislation: On 1 March 2016, Macedonia (FYROM) deposited its instrument of ratification of the Kampala Amendments with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Its parliament had approved both the ratification and the adoption of implementing legislation in early February. Macedonia is the 27th State Party to the Kampala Amendments. With several other domestic ratification processes complete or nearing completion, we remain on track to achieve the milestone of 30 ratifications in the first half of 2016.
Proposal presented to implement Kampala Amendments in Panama: On 2 February 2016, the Bar Association of Panama presented a Draft Statute implementing the Kampala Amendments into the Panamanian Criminal Code to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Inclusion of the crime of aggression in the criminal code would be an important step towards the ratification of the amendments, a process on which Panama has been actively working (see our Status Report).
For more information, see the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' press release (Spanish).
Photo: President of the Bar Association of Panama presents draft Statute to for the implementation of the Kampala Amendments to the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. Courtesy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Panama.
Crime of aggression now outlawed in Austria: On 1 January 2016, Austria's amended criminal code entered into force, for the first time defining the crime of aggression as an offence (article 321k). The definition of the crime is based in large parts on the definition of Kampala. The crime of aggression is punishable in Austria with a prison term of five to ten years, provided that the crime either originates in Austria or has Austria as its target. The code also allows for the prosecution of crimes of aggression committed without such a link, provided the perpetrator is found on Austrian territory and cannot be extradited for criminal prosecution.
The current version of the Austrian criminal code is available online (German).


EXCLUSIVE: Nebraska helmer Alexander Payne and his Sideways co-writer Jim Taylor are prospecting for indie gold with upcoming Sundance entry Kumiko, The Treasure Hunter, the latest film from Park City returner David Zellner (Goliath, Kid-Thing). Oscar-nominated Rinko Kikuchi (Babel, Pacific Rim, 47 Ronin) stars in the psychological adventure as a lonely Japanese woman who believes a pile of loot buried in the movie Fargo is real and sets out on a quest to Minnesota to find it. Zellner and brother Nathan scripted and also co-star in the film, which was inspired by the true story turned urban legend surrounding a Japanese office worker named Takako Konishi, who made headlines in 2001 and was the subject of 2003 docu This is a True Story. Kumiko is the Zellner Bros.' follow-up to their 2012 film Kid-Thing, a Sundance/Berlin/SXSW title that also explored the disconnect between real life and fantasy machinations in the mind of a socially isolated female protagonist. Exec producers Payne and Taylor join Ad Hominem partner Jim Burke on the project, which Burke produced with Nathan Zellner, Cameron Lamb, Chris Ohlson, and Andrew Banks.
This marks Ad Hominem's fourth film following Tamara Jenkins' The Savages (2007), Miguel Arteta's Cedar Rapids (2011), and Payne's own The Descendants (2011), which were all released by Fox Searchlight with whom Ad Hominem has a first-look deal. Kumiko premieres January 20 in competition in Park City where Submarine's Josh Braun is repping sales.


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Congregational Song Podcasts
Hymns and Guitar
Free Booklet for Song and Hymn Writers
Blog – Centered In Song
Podcast – Voices United
Future of Congregational Song
Conversation Opportunities
For Song-Leaders
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Album Review – Liturgical Folk, "Crumbs"
Liturgical Folk
Liturgical Folk was born in the collaboration of songwriter Ryan Flanigan and poet Nelson Koscheski. "Crumbs" is the third album released in 2 years, with most songs written on this album attributed to Flanigan. Flanigan serves at All Saints Dallas, an Anglican church in the Dallas, Texas area. The Anglican Mission in America has come alongside Liturgical Folk to help produce these intentionally folk-inspired songs for the local church, and Isaac Wardell of Bifrost Arts has produced each album. The band/collective's name is an indication of what you'll get—language rooted in liturgy and folk musical styles, or as they self-describe, "historic church language and modern folk sounds."
"Crumbs" is the most produced album in the Liturgical Folk discography, boasting a large string ensemble and horn players, yet it maintains much of the intimacy and raw simplicity of the previous albums. Songs are still built upon rich piano and strummed or finger-picked acoustic guitars. Occasionally, a Hammond B3 undergirds a song and evokes a more soulful version of the folk genre in which these songs reside. Melodies are unique without being overly complex, and harmonies are layered well in order to demonstrate the intentionally collaborative work of singing the liturgy together. Worshipers familiar with the language of the Book of Common Prayer will recognize much of what is sung. Of particular note on this album are the songs that draw directly from the language of the Book of Common Prayer, like "Agnus Dei," "Lord, Lord, Lord," and "May the Peace." The album continues themes from the previous release, "Table Settings," considering the implications of worshipers' response to the Table. This anthem is expressed in the bridge of "Hardwood of the Cross," in which they sing, "For the honor of Your name, we're reaching out" because of the "arms of love" who reached for us.
The production of this record makes it clear that Flanigan is a leader of congregational singing. There is no pretense or musical choice that distracts from the clear singing of the lyrical content. There are only a few moments of unique instrumentation or ambient sounds that may not be replicable by smaller churches. The songs are pitched well and the melodies are easy to follow, so if the folk genre would fit in a local church context, then "Crumbs" contains ready-made songs to help the church sing biblical truth.
Review provided by David Calvert, who is the Creative Arts Director for Grace Community Church in rural North Carolina and a PhD graduate in Theology and Worship from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Guest Blogger Ryan Flanigan is a liturgical folks artist and church music director at All Saints Church Dallas where this story of intergernational worship occurs. As an artist rooted in the Christian Story, Ryan works to create beautiful and believable sacred music for the sake of the world. He believes the church can be a credible witness of God's beauty, truth and goodness to the whole world, not just Christians. Ryan lives in Dallas TX with his wife Melissa and their three kids Lily, Liam, and Noelle. He is the founder of Liturgical Folk and a core team member of United Adoration.
"I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect." – Romans 12:1-2 (ESV)
One Friday in late July my wife Melissa and I, along with our three young kids, got in the minivan and, as we do every Friday summer morning, headed to the coffee shop. The coffee shop is the epicenter of our neighborhood life. Without compromising the aesthetic of craft coffee culture, the owner, who also has young kids, built his coffee shop with the whole neighborhood in mind, not only hipster Millennials. He did not necessarily design it to be family-friendly; he just built a very good and pleasant place to gather. Sure enough, people of all ages flock there. For a couple hours that Friday morning we engaged naturally in conversation after conversation with neighbors coming and going, babies being passed around, and kids circling us playfully. It is always a truly unmanufactured intergenerational experience.
From the coffee shop we headed to lunch at the home of an older couple, spiritual parents to Melissa and me and honorary grandparents to our kids. We shared in a delightful spread of fruit salad, chicken salad, quinoa salad, potato salad, every kind of salad except salad, and homemade cinnamon rolls. The kids ran around in the beautiful backyard garden and, when it got too hot, came inside for crafts with the moms, while the men exchanged philosophical thoughts. Then we sat and listened to endearing stories, some of them for the second or third time, of the last half century of our mentors' life together. Another unforced intergenerational experience.
The worship wars have been wreaking havoc on the modern church for decades. As a result intergenerational relationships have suffered. Attempts at accommodating differing worship preferences have only widened this relational gap. It is not uncommon for a church to offer separate worship services for kids, students, contemporary worshipers, and traditional worshipers, each with its own music style and spatial aesthetic. Even midweek groups are often segregated into common interests or life stages. Although these strategies appear to be helping churches by increasing Sunday attendance, they may actually be stunting the spiritual growth of churchgoers.
Every generation plays an important role in human formation and flourishing. Before we receive an individual identity, we inherit a familial identity. – Ryan Flanigan
The accommodation of preferences is rooted in the cultural values of consumerism and individualism. Of course the generations are divided; we all prefer different things. And despite the good intentions of leaders to attract worshipers by making them feel comfortable and undistracted, catering to their culturally-formed personal preferences is at cross-purposes with the gospel. The gospel calls us to lay down our own preferences and to prefer others instead (Mark 8-10). Christian worship is all about deference, not preference, modeled for us in our sacrificial Savior Jesus Christ himself (Philip. 2). Worship at its best is a rehearsal of the sacrificial life, and yet in many cases it has become another provider of goods and services. Nothing has contributed to generational division more than this.
Life and Liturgy
As I narrated in the story above, our everyday lives are intergenerational. Every generation plays an important role in human formation and flourishing. Before we receive an individual identity, we inherit a familial identity. Extended families are made up of three or four, sometimes five, living generations supporting one another and carrying on family traditions and stories. As Christians, we are extended families on mission with God. We need the active presence of all generations in order to be the family God has called us to be, to embody the Faith, and to carry on our Story in the world. Christian worship is the gathering, equipping, feeding, and sending of families to do life together on mission with God.
I am part of a liturgical church. Liturgy simply means "service of the people." Paul uses it in Romans 12 to describe the spiritual "service" of offering our bodies as living sacrifices to God. Liturgical practices offer tangible means by which the generations are united in worship. One of my favorite moments of our liturgy is when my children run up to the communion rail to join me in receiving the body and blood of Christ. One Sunday my son knelt down, extended his hands to receive, and said, "Look dad, I'm making a manger." The old woman to my left started chuckling, and I was inspired by the incarnation illustration my son had just unknowingly given us.
The liturgy brings out the physical nature of our worship, without which our worship can become a strictly cognitive or abstract exercise. Physical symbols and actions ensure that our bodies are engaged. Kneeling, praying, and singing in unison draws us into communion with one another and with God. This is especially important for children. Jesus was clear with his disciples to let the children come to him (Mark 10). When the children are left out, kingdom values go away. When kingdom values go away, cultural values take over. We begin to conform our worship to the things of the world, which is the antithesis of spiritual liturgy (Rom. 12). So Paul urges us, children included, to offer our bodies together in sacrificial life and liturgy.
Music Unites
Music is vital to Christian worship. It's no wonder, then, that music is near the heart of the worship wars. The generations divide along fault lines of stylistic preference. When music is commodified to serve the people, it becomes entertainment. Music is supposed to be a service of the people, not a service to the people. This paradigm shift will help us defer our own musical tastes in worship and to consider what makes others sing. It will take a willingness for mutual appreciation, but in time our hearts will blend into one. A church may even discover its own unique musical expression!
Life is a bell curve of simplicity and complexity. The most unifying songs and rhythms noticeably engage the youngest and oldest among us. If we aim for the people in the middle, those whose lives are most cluttered and noisy, they may connect with the music, but it will be hard for everyone else to participate. Familiarity is the way to go with liturgical music. Familiar doesn't mean that we need to dumb it down; it means we're bringing it down to earth, making the music more accessible and the work of the people more doable.
What this looks like at All Saints Dallas is children, parents, empty nesters, singles, and students all singing alongside one another. We usually sing thirteen songs per service, including ancient hymns, contemporary choruses, folk spirituals, and new service music. Each song supports the liturgy in some way. Key signatures and melodic ranges are intentionally chosen to enable ease of congregational singing. Rhythms and arrangements are contextualized to what best engages our people, especially the old and young. And we have indeed discovered our own unique sound as a church.
Our music, which we call Liturgical Folk, is a truly intergenerational project. You can read all about it in the Dallas Morning News article, "Let us bow our heads in poetry," and you can hear what it sounds like on our albums, Liturgical Folk, Vols. 1 & 2. Volume 1 is called Table settings, and consists of singable settings of historic prayers for churches and families. My wife and kids sing on it. Volume 2 is called Edenland and consists of new hymns written by a seventy-five year old in our church and myself. He wrote the words, and I wrote the tunes.
Robert Webber said that the greatest internal threat to Christian worship is cultural accommodation. When churches become providers of goods and services, generations divide and intergenerational relationships suffer. There is much more we could talk about, such as the dwindling percentage of churchgoing college students who grew up in age-segregated churches. I have chosen to highlight from my own experiences how liturgy and music can help bridge the generational divides. There really shouldn't be a disconnect between our church life and our everyday life. What we do in worship should train us in our everyday lives, helping us carry on the Story of God in flourishing intergenerational relationships.
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Guest Blogger Ryan Flanigan
Our mission is to encourage, promote, and enliven congregational song, because we believe the holy act of singing together shapes faith, heals brokenness, transforms lives, and renews peace.
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