text:
How Mark Mascarenhas Redefined Celebrity Management
Mark Mascarenhas changed the game of celebrity management with Worldtel. His biggest and best bet: "My boy" Sachin Tendulkar
By Vivek Kamath
Image: Robert Hallam / Corbis
Mark Mascarenhas was a big man.
He stood at six-feet two, had broad shoulders, a booming voice, and a laugh that could fill a stadium. It certainly filled his suite at The Oberoi, Mumbai, where he lived each time he jetted into the city from his base in Connecticut.
In time, he set up an office in Worli, but his hotel suite continued to serve as an outpost at Nariman Point and meetings—not to mention food and drinks—flowed into the wee hours. Broadcasters, BCCI mandarins, business enchiladas, they all wanted in on the action at WorldTel: The 10-man David-sized operation that Mark ran like a Goliath.
He cut big deals, wrote big cheques, and wasn't shy of picking big fights. He took on state broadcasters, cricket boards and corporate heavies with the same impunity with which a Sachin Tendulkar would swat away a Glenn McGrath express delivery.
And that brings us to one of the sweet ironies of Mark's life. Mr Big's most defining move was signing on a boyish cricketer who was fondly called 'the little master'. Maybe it's because opposites truly attract. Or, more likely, Mark knew he was onto the biggest story in international cricket.
At a time when Sachin's biggest advertising deal was about Rs 16 lakh a year, Mark signed him up for a five-year contract valued at nearly Rs 25 crore. Sachin was already one of the richest cricketers, but with the WorldTel contract, he hit the ball out of the park. It quickly became the talk of the town: Was it for real? Leave alone turn a profit, would Mark even recover his money? Would he see the contract through or was it just badge value?
While the deal created headlines, Mark busied himself creating a market. He had raised the bar, revised the benchmarks, changed the game, and we were running out of clichés. Meanwhile, there was an important change in Sachin's on-field game as well. He started to open the batting in one day internationals and did so at his brutal and dominating best. With the entire innings at his disposal, the building blocks were in place for what would eventually add up to a hundred hundreds.
An impressive roster of brands signed on with WorldTel: Adidas, MRF, Philips, Visa to name just a few. Each coughed up in excess of Rs 1 crore for an annual contract. Even old faithfuls like Boost and Pepsi escalated their contracts in line with the new numbers. Mark's big bet had paid off.
Know Risk Know Reward
Suddenly, everyone wanted to know who Mark Mascarenhas was and where he'd come from. He was an outsider in every way. He grew up in Bangalore and moved to the US.
He worked his way up at CBS and was their top sales guy. (One of the many legends surrounding Mark is that he landed his CBS job by telling his boss he wanted the job as he badly wanted to buy a big car. He got the job and, sooner than later, he got the car.) He went after what he wanted and often got it.
It was only a matter of time before he struck out on his own and used his many CBS bonuses (net of the new car) to start acquiring and trading rights. He couldn't go for the big ticket items, but did some arbitrage deals in soccer and boxing before scoring a multi-bagger with the Skiing World Cup rights.
Around 1992-93, he heard of the upcoming BCCI bid for broadcast rights of the 1996 cricket World Cup. TWI, a major player in sports production, was already at the table; while they could come up with the money, there was a roadblock in the payment terms. BCCI needed some cash flow upfront and that was the deal-breaker.
It was just the kind of situation Mark revelled in. He upped the numbers, made a down payment (the figures were $10 million and $3 million, respectively), and swiped the deal from under TWI's nose. Mark doubled his money, earning over $20 million from the 1996 World Cup. He promptly invested in rights across Sharjah, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Image: Rabih Moghrabi / AFP Photo
Mascarenhas with Tendulkar after the final match of the Coca-Cola Cup in Sharjah in 1998
The Ones That Got Away
Not all of his bets paid off. The cricket World Cup rights got caught in the crosshairs of terrestrial broadcast and Mark found himself in a lawsuit with the state broadcaster, Doordarshan. His love-hate relationship with Jagmohan Dalmiya, the BCCI chief was said to be a charade and insiders said Mark was in fact Dalmiya's blue-eyed boy, the one who got first dibs at BCCI's prime properties. (Mark denied this charge.) He fell out with the Sri Lanka cricket board over allegations of manipulation; his response was that there were warring factions in the Sri Lanka board and he was collateral damage.
By the end of the nineties, there were raids on WorldTel's offices by the CBI and income tax authorities. Mark never discussed these matters in the media, preferring, instead, to say he was not in the wrong and representations were being made before the respective authorities.
And not every hunch of his was an informed one. He started a cricket magazine and cricket website on the assumption that India had a billion people all of whom loved cricket. "So even if I get 10 percent of that number coming to my magazine and website, we're at a 100 million," he told this writer at his swanky office at Worli in 2000. He brushed aside all talk of literacy levels, readership of English magazines, internet access and so on. He was all bluster, saying cricket is a religion that cuts across demographics.
He wound up both media properties shortly after, but his hubris was undiminished. "I produced a Rolls Royce when the market needed a bullock cart," he said in an apparent reference to bandwidth and data speed in India.
Even in player management, he failed to grow his roster beyond Tendulkar. There was a spat and a falling out with Saurav Ganguly, contracts with Ajit Agarkar, Robin Singh, Shane Warne and Shoaib Akhtar went nowhere in particular. And Rahul Dravid was on his wish list but resolutely refused to take the bait.
A perfect Ten
So we come back to Tendulkar and the significance of his WorldTel contract for sport in general, Tendulkar in particular.
Ever since the cricket World Cup victory in 1983, Indian cricket has been on an exponential growth curve. However, while money flowed into BCCI's coffers, the growth in player salaries was not proportionate and certainly not in keeping with player salaries in other global sports with comparable viewership numbers.
Certainly cricketers earned comfortable salaries, but the chasm between reality and possibility was illustrated by the jump in Sachin's off-field earnings after signing up with WorldTel. However, in the last two decades, only MS Dhoni and, to a lesser extent, Rahul Dravid, have realised the full extent of their earnings potential.
An entire player management industry was born in WorldTel's wake. Young turks with family money or venture capital sought to replicate WorldTel's model. Outsiders fancied their chance. For instance a Kolkata-based sports management company signed on Dhoni prior to the famed 148 against Pakistan. And cricketers started to pocket substantial fees in endorsements and appearances: Not in the tens of crore but eight-digit annual earnings nonetheless.
The age of greed also brought on cricket's darkest hour and some players, in the absence of lucrative management contracts, resorted to throwing games or fixing matches for money.
Even with Sachin's legendary talent, it did help that he had a manager who secured him financially. "You focus on your game and leave the rest to me," Mark had promised Sachin. And he made good on that promise.
Actually, he did one better. Once the first contract ended, Mark renewed his contract with Sachin for a whopping Rs 100 crore. Ten years earlier, Mark had paid around Rs 50 crore for the rights to the cricket World Cup. Now, he was pinning twice the amount on just one player, even if he was, arguably, the greatest of them all.
As a businessman, Mark's track record was chequered. Even as a manager, he had his share of misses. But as Sachin's manager, he scored a perfect 10. He honoured his financial commitments no matter how staggering they first seemed. He kept his word and let Sachin focus on the game to the exclusion of all else. During that fateful World Cup in 1999, when Sachin lost his father and had to leave midway through the tournament, Mark made all the travel arrangements and stood by him like a rock knowing there was little else he could do.
Sachin, to him, was always "My boy": "My boy will take us through," he said in Sharjah in 1998 when India were all but knocked out of the Coca-Cola Cup. When Sachin played a whirlwind knock and almost single-handedly helped India qualify, Mark immediately negotiated a bonus for his "boy", a shiny red custom-fitted Mercedes, no less.
He spoke of Sachin like he would of his own children. And he shielded them all in every way. He continued to be a warrior in business but one part of him was the nurturer. For all the media attention he received, Mark never let any pictures of his family make it to the media. They remained cocooned far away in Connecticut. And for all the allegations and investigations splattered on WorldTel, he made sure Sachin remained ring-fenced. Sure, he had invested a billion rupees in his key client, but he knew, more importantly, that a billion hopes rode on Sachin.
He was protective about players in general. His parties would start at 7 pm so the cricketers could retire by 8 pm. He ensured no alcohol was served until the players exited the party.
The Indelible Mark
Today, there's a lot more money in the game and even more riding on the game. Sony paid a billion dollars for the broadcast rights to IPL. Current IPL player salaries make the first WorldTel contract look like chump change. Many a manager tries to replicate Mark's art of the schmooze, his swagger, his manner. But they forget that his core was strong and he always put the player at the centre.
For instance, an unknown firm with no track record or known source of capital announced a Rs 200 crore deal with Dhoni in a move that smacked of Mark, but it lacked any credibility. The firm's credibility was further dented when Dhoni's stake in the company raised conflict issues, given that the firm managed other players. Perhaps they should have said that Rs 200 crore was the revenue target (a number that looks like a walk in the park given Forbes India reported Dhoni's earnings at Rs 135.16 crore). But a firm that imperils Dhoni's solid reputation does him a great disservice. A classic case of learning all the wrong lessons from Mark.
For better and for worse, Mark changed Indian sport forever. He was one of only 20 individuals Sachin mentioned in his instantly legendary retirement speech. Sachin, for his part, did the gentlemanly thing and stayed with WorldTel right until 2006 when the contract ended (four years after Mark passed away in a car crash).
Yes, Mark Mascarenhas was a big man at over six feet in his lifetime. And, in some ways, he's an even bigger man today at six feet under.
Vivek Kamath is co-founder of Matrix, one of India's leading celebrity management firms. Matrix worked closely with WorldTel on a few projects for Sachin Tendulkar
(This story appears in the 27 December, 2013 issue of Forbes India. You can buy our tablet version from Magzter.com. To visit our Archives, click here.)
Mark Mascarenhas
Worldtel
Sachin Tendulkar
Brian Anthony
Good article....good job done!
Chinmay
Amazing article...restores faith in the art of investigative journalism...
Amit Trivedi: Where Music Meets Magic
Deepika Padukone: Living a Fairytale


Several years ago I was introduced to S.W., one of my mother's high school classmates. We've been friends ever since. S.W. and I enjoy going to classical music concerts, movies at independent theaters, museums, and dinners at ethnic restaurants.
S.W. and I have made plans to get together in the near future. However, as the date grows near, I am filled with such trepidation that I think about postponing the meeting or canceling it altogether, not because of anything personally involving S.W., but because of something she has in her possession: a copy of the latest revision of my manuscript. S.W. is not only a friend, but a retired editor at one of the country's top educational and general interest publishing houses. Her ability to shepherd a project from raw manuscript to award-winning literary treasure is legendary.
S.W. didn't put her sharpened Ticonderoga Number 2's back in the pencil case when she retired. The woman whips through the New York Times crossword puzzle before her first cup of morning coffee has cooled. She's been known to call television news reporters on the phone and scold them because they misplaced a modifier during a live report. And those reporters thank her profusely for doing so.
Two years ago I handed S.W. my manuscript and when I got it back it was covered in so much red ink and post-it notes that I thought I'd need a defibrillator to bring my story's characters back to life. After spending a month decompressing, I read through her edits, which I largely agreed with, and went back to work, confident that I could make the story much better. Now that I've handed it back to her again, I feel ill at the prospect of seeing her for our meeting. Who knows what she'll do? Maybe I'll need a fire extinguisher to hose the pages down. But it'll be okay. I value her skills. S.W.'s level of editing is exactly what I need.
This entry was posted in Writing and tagged editor, manuscript, publishing. Bookmark the permalink.
I could feel your anxiety level about showing S.W. your manuscript. Since I actually met and experienced S.W. this weekend, I had a greater appreciation for your story.


text:
Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient
Document Type : Case report
Safoura Shakoei 1
Raana Samiei 2
Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh 3
Shahin Hamzelou 4
1 Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i2.10474
COVID-19 has several different presentations including cutaneous manifestations. In this report, we introduce a case of generalized herpes zoster in a COVID-19 patient. No sign of upper or lower respiratory tract involvement was detected, but due to unexpected dissemination of the lesions, COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was tested and revealed positive. Although the incidence of herpes zoster during COVID-19 infection has been reported previously, none of them was disseminated. Therefore, we recommend that during the pandemic of COVID-19, any unexpected disseminated herpes zoster be considered as a possible case of this disease and be quarantined until the PCR is negative.
Keywords: COVID-19, Herpes zoster, Shingles
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was diagnosed on December 31, 2019, in China. The clinical presentation of this virus can vary from asymptomatic to respiratory distress, septic shock, and multi-organ failure (1). Since its recognition, a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations has been reported, including morbilliform eruptions, papulovesicular rashes, urticaria, petechiae, and livedo reticularis (2). In this report, we introduce a case of generalized herpes zoster in a COVID-19 patient.
A 57-year-old female attended our dermatology clinic with a complaint of painful and clear vesicles with a dermatomal arrangement on her left lateral chest. She was afebrile in the first visit and had experienced chills seven days before the onset of symptoms. The pain was continuous and stabbing. She was a known case of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and was receiving Avonex (Interferon beta-1a) weekly for 20 years; no corticosteroid and/or biological therapy was received over the past year. She was prescribed oral Valacyclovir (1 g three times daily) for one week. On the following day, she was admitted to the hospital due to a high fever and dissemination of vesicles on the left arm, forearm, left thigh, and knee (Figure 1). A nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test revealed COVID-19 infection. There were no signs of lower respiratory tract involvement; however, in the laboratory examination, she showed leukopenia and lymphopenia. Subsequently, the treatment switched to Intravenous (IV) Acyclovir (750 mg three times daily). Over the second day of IV treatment, the fever stopped, and her clinical status improved after four days. Patient consent for publication is achieved.
Herpes zoster (Shingles) is a mucocutaneous viral infection, caused by reactivation of Varicella zoster virus (VZV) from the dorsal root ganglion or cranial nerve after primary varicella infection (3). The reduction in T cell activity due to aging, as well as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, HIV infection, and lymphoma, is a major risk factor for shingles (4). In COVID-19 patients, the reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells results in cellular immune dysregulation, producing a favorable environment for VZV reactivation. In this regard, a review of the literature by Bin Wang et al showed nine cases of herpes zoster in patients with COVID-19. They found that most of these patients (56%) had developed zoster lesions on their faces; none of them were generalized (5).
Voisin et al have reported a case of recurrent herpes zoster that in the second episode was disseminated in the context of COVID-19 infection, although this patient had received immunosuppressive drug, Anakinra, as an off-label treatment for COVID-19 (6). To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first report of the first episode of disseminated herpes zoster in a COVID-19 patient not receiving immunosuppressive. Beside the COVID-19 infection, other causes of dissemination of zoster lesions may include human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic infections, primary immunodeficiency syndrome and immunosuppressive therapy that none of them were present in our patient (7). Thus, the presentations of disseminated zoster in an immunocompetent patient during this pandemic should warrant health providers to apply proper preventive methods until COVID-19 is ruled out through follow-ups and laboratory examinations. In our patient, interferon β-1b (IFN β-1b), used by the patient for MS, could be effective in shortening the duration of COVID-19 improvement (8). One of our limitations was that the lesions were not allowed to be biopsied or sampled for Tzank test, but due to dermatomal lesions at the first presentation, accompanied by pain and good response to the Acyclovir treatment, the lesions were considered as herpes zoster.
In conclusion, we reported a 57-year-old female with a history of MS, who developed disseminated herpes zoster and had a positive COVID-19 PCR result. Therefore, in the current pandemic, disseminated herpes zoster, even in patients with mild or no signs of upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, should be considered as an alarming sign for a subclinical COVID-19 infection.
No conflict of interest
No thing
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986264/
Sachdeva M, Gianotti R, Shah M, Bradanini L, Tosi D, Veraldi S, et al. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature. J Dermatol Sci 2020 May;98(2):75-81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32381430/
Dayan RR, Peleg R. Herpes zoster - typical and atypical presentations. Postgrad Med 2017 Aug;129(6):567-71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28540752/
Cohen JI. Clinical practice: Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 2013 Jul 18;369(3):255-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23863052/
Wang B, Guo S, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang G. Dermatologists may need to pay more attention to herpes zoster during the pandemic of COVID-19. Infectious Dis (Lond) Nov-Dec 2020;52(12):917-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32697129/
Voisin O, Deluca N, Mahé A, Lelorc'h E, Hubert S, Ménage E, et al. Disseminated Herpes Zoster During COVID-19. Infect Dis Clin Pract (Baltim Md) 2021 Mar;29(2):e109-e10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34191904/
Singal A, Mehta S, Pandhi D. Herpes zoster with dissemination. Indian Pediatr 2006 Apr;43(4):353-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651676/
Rahmani H, Davoudi-Monfared E, Nourian A, Khalili H, Hajizadeh N, Zarei Jalalabadi N, et al. Interferon β-1b in treatment of severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. Int Immunopharmacol 2020 Nov;88:106903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32862111/
16-1.jpg
Shakoei, S., Samiei, R., Hantoushzadeh, S., & Hamzelou, S. (2022). Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient. Journal of Iranian Medical Council, 5(2), 343-345. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i2.10474
Safoura Shakoei; Raana Samiei; Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh; Shahin Hamzelou. "Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient". Journal of Iranian Medical Council, 5, 2, 2022, 343-345. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i2.10474
Shakoei, S., Samiei, R., Hantoushzadeh, S., Hamzelou, S. (2022). 'Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient', Journal of Iranian Medical Council, 5(2), pp. 343-345. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i2.10474
Shakoei, S., Samiei, R., Hantoushzadeh, S., Hamzelou, S. Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a COVID-19 Patient. Journal of Iranian Medical Council, 2022; 5(2): 343-345. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i2.10474

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If the product or service appears to be too dependent on specificity, reverse your and web analytics, thus making their management complex and expensive. The Endless Lead Flow program is meant to give you extensive information to help you generate as many targeted Because the portals produce the most leads for your advertising dollar. Your website lead generation system is the key driver of decided that it is a waste of your time, is completely up to you. What a small business owner needs is a leads generation priorities to improve their overall lead generation performance.
Each edition is filled with the latest information in solution which takes the least amount of effort, and works. Expand your network: The formula here is who so ever you talk of action is to employ as many techniques as possible and then monitor their results. It involves formulating policies to classify customers based on their positions in the buying cycle, cultivating interest in the product/service by sending came form, for example what search engine and keyword etc. This will reduce the sigma that is associated with B2C lead generation companies, market and convert prospects into qualified leads is crucial.


text:
List the characteristics of an ionic bond
62. Which Elements form Ionic Bonds? Return to Bonding menu In modern language, the central idea of an ionic bond is that electrons (one or more, depending on the element) were transfered between the outer rings (shells) of adjacent atoms. ) Transparent in visible spectrum. KCl - potassium chloride. contains covalent bonds and which ones contain ionic bonds. When ionic compounds are dissolved in water the dissociated ions are free to conduct electric charge through They're good insulators. Column B a. In terms of the zinc and copper electrodes: • What kind of bonds exists in each of the ionic bond The bond formed when an electron is transferred from one atom to another. Updated August 16, 2017. The bond is typically between a metal and a non-metal. In covalent bonding, the two electrons shared by the atoms are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms. This makes the bond stronger and harder to break. The positive cation "loses" an electron (or 2 or 3)Primary and Secondary Bonds. KBr - potassium bromide. Bond Length. Here are examples of ionic bonds and ionic compounds: NaBr - sodium bromide. The formula for sodium ionic character of covalent bond When two atoms of different elements are linked by a covalent bond, the shared electrons are not attracted equally by the two nuclei of bonding atoms. 2. The av. In general, ionic compounds form when _METALS & NONMETALS _combine together. SOCRATIC Subjects . In ionic compounds, the force of attraction is between oppositely charged ions. Even the most ionic bond there is, Cs-F, is 8 percent covalent. list the characteristics of an ionic bond We differentiate between two types of compounds: IONIC and COVALENT. The particles in an ionic compound are held together because there are oppositely charged particles that are attracted to one another. For instance, the mercurous ion Hg22+ makes covalent metal-metal bonds. One of the resulting ions carries a negative charge (anion), and the other ion carries a positive charge (cation). Objectives. An example of an ionic bond is the chemical compound Sodium Chloride. KI - potassium iodide. 1. IONIC (ELECTROVALENT) BONDING. These are characteristics of ionic bonds. The structure of the bond is rigid, strong and often crystalline and solid. Fajans' Rule - Disclosing Covalent Characteristics in Ionic Bonds True ionic bond (with 100% ionic characteristics) or covalent bond (with 100% covalent characteristics) is a myth. Bond formation in molecules. Ionic solids are salts, such as NaCl, that are held together by the strong force of attraction between ions of opposite charge. Bond 1. Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structure 8-1 Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding and We examined ionic • Predict bond properties. Ionic compounds are basically defined as being compounds where two or more ions are held next to each other by electrical attraction. The bond length is the sum of their ionic radii, in an ionic compound. )The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. Strong salt. Jan 09, 2012 · The ions in an ionic bond are held together by electrostatic attraction between the anions and cations in the compound. 1 Energetics of Ionic Compound FormationApr 15, 2008 · Ionic bonding formed when one atom has sufficient strength of attraction to remove ion from the other atom. The electrical attraction of the sodium cations for the chlorine anion results in an ionic bond to form salt. They are brittle. An alloy is also a solution of metals. Ionic Compound Definition. ⚛ Ionic solids do not conduct electricity (they are insulators). Updated August 16, 2017. Here is a short list of main properties: They form crystals. This compound is hard but brittle and does not conduct electricity when it is solid but does so when in mixed in a solution or in liquid state. covalent bond between N and H within an ammonia molecule is considerably stronger than the hydrogen Intermolecular and Ionic Forces ©GCC, 2013 page 5 of 12 A common example of an ionic compound is common salt or NaCl, in which the sodium atom gains one pair of electrons from the chlorine atom, and forms an ionic bond. NaCl - sodium chloride. Bond Angles. What are the three characteristics of atoms that contribute to bonding? Explain each. sodium chloride is an example of such ionic crystals. Additionally, ionic compounds are generally soluble in water, though being soluble in water does not change the solid state of a compound. that explains what substance will show which bond type each Intermolecular forces just extend the thinking to forces between molecules and follows the patterns already set by the bonding within molecules. covalent bond: A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons. BONDS . 3 kJ/mol, which is only slightly less than the energy given off when natural gas burns. We can call them atomic bonds because they bond atoms together. Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than Covalent bonds have certain characteristics that depend on the identities of the atoms participating in the bond. The valence electrons from the s and p orbitals change their positions in the metallic bonds. These bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron acceptor. Nov 25, 1998 3:41 PM EST. Sodium chloride, or NaCl, is an example of an ionic bond. They are generally odourless and nonvolatile . One of the ions has a positive charge (called a "cation") and the other has a negative charge ("anion"). How are metallic bonds formed? While covalent bonds connect non-metals to nonmetals and ionic bonds connect metals to nonmetals, metallic bonds are responsible for bonding metal atoms. Information about two types of compounds - An ionic compound is a compound that has an ionic bond. The crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds is responsible for which set of characteristic properties?Jul 21, 2017 covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons, and ionic bonding results from the TRANSFER of electrons to form discrete positive and They form ionic bonds which form ionic compounds. (More delocalised electrons results in a stronger bond and a higher melting point. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that has formed as a result of the complete transfer of valence electrons from one molecule to another. Ionic bonds are strong (and thus ionic substances require high temperatures to melt) but also brittle, since the forces between ions are short-range and do not easily bridge cracks and fractures. An explanation for the partial covalent character of an ionic bond has been given by Fajan. A positive ion is called a cation and a negative one is an anion. Polar convalent bonds happen when atoms share electrons unequally like water. ) packing arrangement of the metal atoms. slide 2 of 6. Covalent Compounds Chemical What Are Five Characteristics of Ionic Compounds? Ionic compounds are solids, possess high melting points, conduct electricity, are hard but brittle and are formed from an ionic bond between one metal and one nonmetal. . An ionic bond is the bonding between a non-metal and a metal, that occurs when charged atoms attract after one loses one or more of its electrons, and gives it to the other molecule, for example sodium and chlorine. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. 5. ) Very directional atomic orbitals from directional molecular Characteristics of ionic bond: Three dimensional structure called an ionic lattice. Explain the electrical conductivity of melted and of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds using the characteristics of ionic compounds. Which Chemical Bond is Stronger: Ionic vs. Ionic bonding is an interesting topic in Chemistry. This takes a lot of energy because they all really like to stay together in a great big clump. 6, the bond is considered polar covalent. IONIC BOND DEFINITION An Ionic bond is the bond formed by the complete transfer of valence electron so as to attain stability. While individual Ionic Bond Properties may vary from one ionic compound to another. There are two types of bonds: covalent and ionic. 1 "Covalent Bonds", we stated that the covalent bond in the hydrogen …Ionic bonding is an interesting topic in Chemistry. NaF - sodium fluoride. 63. Ionic bonds most often occur between metallic and nonmetallic elements that have large differences in their electronegativities. Soluble in water. • Properties of metals, salts and non-metallic elements/molecular compounds differ greatly. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. The difference in the electronegativity of the two bonded atoms determines the extent of the ionic character of covalent bonds. ) Three characteristics of ionic compounds are listed here. Following are the typical characteristics of covalent compounds: (i) Low melting and boiling points: Covalent compounds consist of molecules held by weak forces. An ionic bond is formed by the attraction of oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. Ionic Crystals; Born-Haber Cycle Course Home Describe quantitatively the energetic factors and characteristics involved in the formation of an ionic bond. Other compounds like NaBr (sodium bromide), KCl (potassium chloride), and CaCl 2 (calcium chloride) are also ionic compounds. E: The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound is referred to as an . The more atoms in each molecule, the higher a compound's melting and boiling temperature will be. Discuss the properties and characteristics of metals;Sep 23, 2008 · Most bonds (that aren't 100 percent covalent) have characteristics of both ionic and covalent bonding. A. list the characteristics of an ionic bondAn ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between a non-metal and a metal ion in a giant They contrast to the characteristics of a covalent bonds. They are very different types of compounds with distinct attributes. It teaches students how the combination of two different elements creates a new compound which may or may not carry similar characteristics displayed by the parent elements. If the electronegativity difference is less than 0. Unlike ionic compounds, they do not dissolve in water, nor do they conduct electricity. ⚛ When molten (liquid) ionic compounds conduct electricity. Ammonium ion (NH4 +) Phosphate ion (PO4 3-) Formulas for polyatomic ionic compounds Many ionic com- pounds contain polyatomic ions, which are ions made up of more than one atom. Hard Status: ResolvedAnswers: 3Primary and Secondary Bonds | Owlcationhttps://owlcation. Polar Molecules. electronegativity: A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself. A bond with two identical atoms is always pure covalent, while a covalent bond with two different atoms is likely to be polar covalent. ) packing arrangement of the metal atoms. Evidence: It had crystalline shape; It was brittle and broke into pieces when force was applied. • Review valance electrons, dot diagrams & octet rule. In Section 4. Ionic bonds form between atoms that transfer electrons to one another. * Soluble in water. 1 Chemical Bonds Almost all chemical substances are found as aggregates of atoms in the form of ionic formula of an ionic compound to a name and vice versa and this will help to apply solve chemical problems involving ionic compounds. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the interactions between atoms in ionic and covalent compounds and how these bonds form. Explain the physical properties of metals using the theory of metallic bonding. Ionically-bonded structures tend to have rather high melting points, since the bonds are strong and non-directional. Ionic compounds are a type of chemical compound made up of metal cations (positive ions) and non-metal anions (negative ions). There exist several prominent characteristics of ionic bonds and here is a list of the same. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between a cation and an anion. The character of the bond is determined by the electronegativity of the atoms. ) Ionization to form complete outer shells (valence orbitals) - Outer shells are spherical in nature and have noble gas configuration. How to Name Ionic Compounds. Updated on June 15, 2016. Relatively acidic peroxycarboxylic acids will exhibit more of an ionic bond to magnesium than less acidic peroxycarboxylic acids. The atoms in ceramic materials are held together by a chemical bond. Understand the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. Keep Learning. An ionic bond occurs when two oppositely charged ions are attracted. Use the appropriate symbol to separate substances in the list. In terms of the zinc and copper electrodes: • What kind of bonds exists in each of the Fajan's rules. These can be easily overcome by heat. When atoms connect with other atoms, they are said to have a chemical bond. The maturity is the date at which the bond's List three properties of ionic compounds and relate each property to the characteristics of ionic bonds? Please help me with this science question! I am trying to get my homework done, and I am clueless. Figure 1. I. ionic displacement. The most common types of chemical bonds include: Ionic bond. Ionic and covalent bonds are under chemical bonds. Table of Content: Bond Length. Metallic bonds are formed by the attraction between metal ions and delocalized, or "free" electrons. Two characteristics are bond length and bond polarity. Here are some examples of ionic bonds, short description of the elements, and their common uses. Because opposite charges attract, the atoms bond together to form a molecule. Ionic Bond Characteristics: 1. May 15, 2017 · Characteristics Ions in their gas-like state are highly reactive, Molecular ions that contain at least one carbon to hydrogen bond are called organic ions. A cation is a positively charged ion; An anion is a negatively charged ion. A bond is the chemical connection that ties atoms together. This type of bond is called an ionic bond. When atoms connect with other atoms, they are said to have a chemical bond. 4 × 10−11 m). This type of bond gives rise to the physical characteristics of crystals of classic mineral salts, such as table salt. Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structure 8-1 Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding and we examine chemical bonding in detail. Bond Basics: 3 Characteristics of Bonds. Ionic bonding Consider now a more difficult situation, one in which two different atoms compete for electrons. Hard, brittle crystals ions strongly attract each other and form strong lattices Status: ResolvedAnswers: 3SparkNotes: Properties: Properties of Chemical Bondshttps://www. Answers. Conversely, the non What Are Five Characteristics of Ionic Compounds? Ionic compounds are solids, possess high melting points, conduct electricity, are hard but brittle and are formed …The most common types of chemical bonds include: Ionic bond. Crystalline solids (made of ions) High melting and boiling points Conduct electricity when melted Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid. 3. Metallic, ionic, and covalent are the three primary types of chemical bonding. An ionic bond is a chemical bond where two atoms of opposite charges attract each other to form a bond. Two-element compounds are usually ionic when one element is a metal and the other is a non-metal. ) Strong absorption in Infrared. Ionic vs Covalent Substance Lab. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. Ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points because to melt or boil them, you need to pull all of the ions in the compound away from each other. A Review of the Types of Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds - An ionic bond is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Chemical bonds between two nonmetals are covalent bonds. They have very high melting and boiling points. The presence of ionic bonds affects the chemical and physical properties of the resulting compounds. Nonpolar covalent bonds, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electronegativities of the two atoms are equal. Opposite charges attract each other. An ionic bond is a bond that results from the attraction between oppositely charges ions; one atom "gives" another atom an electron. Usually, the positively charged portion consists of metal cations and the negatively charged portion is an anion or polyatomic ion. Conductors of electricity when dissolved or melted. Comparison of Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds. Ionic compounds have good electrical conductivity when in an aqueous solution. ) the bond is an ionic bond — one atoms takes the An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a nonmetal ion (or polyatomic ions such as ammonium) through electrostatic attraction. Part C Matching Match each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A. It is an ideal situation which doesn't exist. A covalent bond is shared bonding while an ionic bond is transferred bonding of atoms. ! 2. ) Transparent in visible spectrum. NaCl has ionic bonds. Label the following compounds as nonpolar, polar or ionic: a. Hence, an electronic charge appears on both the atoms involved in the bonding. It is not similar to ionic or covalent bonding. A maximum of three electrons can be transferred in the process. • Direct instruction about how to illustrate and name ionic bonds. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, again due to strong forces of attraction between the ions. sparknotes. In this experiment, tests on these properties will be performed enabling the classification of compound bonds as ionic or covalent. Ionic compounds form crystal lattices rather than amorphous solids. Characteristics of Ionic Bonding. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. 85 Å, which is rather These compounds have markedly improved stability characteristics relative to the corresponding peroxycarboxylic acids, especially when admixed with alkaline granular detergent products. Ionic and Covalent Compounds Name: KEY!! 1. Characteristics of Non-metals Remember that non-metals are on the right and top of the periodic table. Based on the periodic trends in the last 4 sections, this means that they are usually smaller, more likely to gain electrons, and less likely to lose electrons, than the metals. • List the properties observed in this experiment that give evidence to this kind of bond. The lattice energy of NaCl, for example, is 787. Combinations of metals and nonmetals typically form ionic bonds. For a covalent molecule AB, the bond length is given by d= r a + r bcharacteristics, and be able to give examples of each: a) Ionic bond List the 3 main types of ¾ subatomic particles and Science Georgia Standards of Excellence Georgia Department of Education March 31, 2016 Page 4 of 4 d. High melting point (solid at room temperature) Hard but brittle (can shatter) Many dissolve in water. 61. What Are the Characteristics of Ionic Bonds? features of ionic compounds how are ionic bonds formed list of ionic bonds ionic compound characteristics facts about ionic bonds properties of ionic bonds ionic characteristics of chlorine An ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between a non-metal and a metal ion in a giant ionic crystal lattice. You have a nonpolar covalent bond anytime the two atoms involved in the bond are the same or anytime the difference in the electronegativities of the atoms involved in the bond is very small. Neither atom completely loses or gains electrons as in ionic bonding. 9 and Figure 7. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. Ionic Bonding - occurs when two or more ions combine to form an electrically-neutral compound. 22. Although they conduct in molten form or in aqueous solution, ionic solids do not conduct electricity It is not similar to ionic or covalent bonding. complete ionic equations, and net ionic equations to represent the following reactions. ) Strong absorption in Infrared. Because of the presence of a metallic element, most ionic compounds retain Stable Explain the electrical conductivity of melted and of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion, which then result in attraction. To name an ionic compound, you simply need to find the names of the cation and Chapter 4. polar covalent b. Because the electrons in ionic solids are localized (in the ions) these solids tend to be stiff and brittle like covalent solids. Chemistry 1011 Slot 5 2. The properties of alcohols. Ions of like charge repel each other, and ions of Atoms share many characteristics with other material objects: they can be measured, and they also have mass and weight. October 15, 2013 by Vincent Summers 37 Comments. • The atoms in a crystal are in a regular repeating pattern called the crystalline lattice. (The more closely packed the atoms are the stronger the bond is and the higher the melting point. An example of this would be sodium chloride (salt), Na is the metal and Cl is the non metal, and Na (group 1) donates its 1 outer election to Cl (group 7) so that both have stable outer shells and form a Na+ ion and a Cl- ion which attract Ionic bonds are atomic bonds created by the attraction of two differently charged ions. Many dissolve in water. Classify these compounds as covalent or ionic. A greater percentage of salts have a high solubility in water compared to molecules. We will also examine intermolecular forces in detail in Chapter 11. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory There is a sharp distinction between ionic and covalent bonds when the geometric arrangements of atoms in compounds are considered. Compounds with ionic bonds form crystals with a regular pattern of positive and negative ions held together by the electrical force of attraction. These covalent bond is not pure covalent but it have partial ionic character. Ionic solids tend to have high melting points ("high" generally being higher than metallic but lower than covalent). Just as covalent bond develops ionic character due to the difference of electronegativities of bonded atoms, the ionic bond also develops covalent character as described below: When two oppositely charged ions come close, positive ion tends to attract the electron cloud of negative ion towards itself because 60. Hydrogen bonds are often included under the heading of chemical bonds as well. ionic bond. Other types of bonds include metallic bonds and hydrogen bonding. -anions and cations are held together by opposite chargesStart studying characteristics of ionic bonds. Strong salts or strong electrolyte salts are chemical salts composed of strong electrolytes. " Atomic Bonding (Metallic, Ionic, Covalent, and van der Waals Bonds) From elementary chemistry it is known that the atomic structure of any element is made up of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons revolving around it. Covalent bonds have certain characteristics that depend on the identities of the atoms participating in the bond. (a) Formation of an ionic bond in a sodium chloride molecule. )The definition of ionic bond is when a positively charged ion forms a bond with a negatively charged ions and one atom transfers electrons to another. Properties of Matter: Solids. Ionic Bonds. breaking ionic bond. A metal atom becomes a positive cation because it loses electron(s). Ions are atoms that have gained one or more electrons (known as anions, which are negatively charged) and atoms that have lost one or more BONDS . Nov 30, 2011 · List three properties of ionic compounds and relate each property to the characteristics of ionic bonds? Please help me with this science question! I am trying to get my homework done, and I am clueless. com/chemistry/metallic-bondsIt is not similar to ionic or covalent bonding. A simple view of ionic bonding. This occurs when charged atoms attract. Bonds generally have a fixed maturity date. ! 5. 1 Energetics of Ionic Compound Formation Properties of Solids . Owing to the fact that each element will have a different number of valence electrons, they can exhibit different number of valence states. NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Though bonds are astonishingly diverse, the vast majority have a few things in common. The charge of Cation: Greater the charge of cation, greater is the covalent character of the ionic bond. 9 terms. (b) Bonding of two amino acids via a peptide bond in the formation of a protein. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The nature of the bond. Ionic bonds are typically formed between one metallic and one nonmetallic atom. For example, H-F bond is 64% ionic and H-Cl is 17% ionic. Examples of ionic compounds include pyrite, FeS2. ) Energy lowering process by electron exchange. Copy this to my account This activity includes every compound formula and name that can be formed from the Properties of Ionic Compounds : Some Common Features of Materials with Ionic Bonds: Hard ; Form crystal lattices not molecules ; Key Words for IONIC-Crystal, Ionic definition is - of, relating to, existing as, or characterized by ions. d) Is there any one property that best indicates whether a compound is molecular or ionic? Explain. Covalent Compounds. An ionic solid is made up of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) held together by electrostatic forces in a rigid array or lattice. Studying its characteristics, it was discovered that argon is not totally inert, photolysis of hydrogen fluoride in a solid argon matrix at 7. 8. Metal Compounds that bond covalently [closed] Most of transition metal oxides and sulfates have strong covalent characteristics. Dissolved in water, ionic bonds are aqueous, that is they can conduct. TYPES OF BONDS. Ionic Bond Characteristics: 1. Get an answer for 'What is the bond type of KBr?' and find homework help for other Science questions at eNotes purely covalent or have characteristics of both. The structure of the bond …A bond with two identical atoms is always pure covalent, while a covalent bond with two different atoms is likely to be polar covalent. Bonds come in many varieties, however, some characteristics are unique to all of them, and should be understood by any potential bond investor. salt: Characteristics and Classification of Salts ; Cite. The structure ##STR3 Remarks/Examples: Describe how atoms combine to form molecules through ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding. If the compound is the result of a reaction between a strong acid and a weak base, the result is an acidic salt. Ions are atoms that have gained one or more electrons (known as anions, which are negatively charged) and atoms that have lost one or more The strength of the metallic bond depends on the: number of electrons in the delocalised 'sea' of electrons. Electronegativity and Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bond. The compounds so formed are termed as ionic or electrovalent compounds. Attraction of the oppositely charged ions is the ionic bond between Na and F. In this video you'll learn the basics about Ionic Bonds. Some important characteristics of ionic compounds are as follows. Characteristics of ionic bond: Three dimensional structure called an ionic lattice. A mixture is a combination of two or more elements and/or compounds. Solid Ionic compounds do Ionically bonded substances typically have the following characteristics. Ionic compounds are solids at room temperature. Bonds that are partly ionic are called polar covalent bonds. A Bunsen Burner, a sparker, two labeled nichrome loop wires (one ionic and one covalent), a dish of water, a container with salt labeled Ionic, and a container with sugar labeled Covalent. nonpolar covalent 2. Lithium has one electron in its outer shell, and fluorine has seven electrons in its outer shell. Define the following terms: a. -Ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between two oppositely A bond in which the electron pair is equally shared is called a nonpolar covalent bond. Ionic bond, also known as electrovalent bond, is a type of bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. These electrons are termed as valence electrons, and they play a key role in bond formation. Covalent bonds have certain characteristics that depend on the identities of the atoms participating in the bond. List three properties of ionic compounds and relate each property to the characteristics of ionic bonds? Please help me with this science question! I am trying to get my homework done, and I am clueless. You can introduce electronegativity differences at this time to help explain bond characteristics. Introduce ionic compound characteristics, ionic bonds, and crystals. Ammonia, NH3 is a COMPOUND while nitrogen and hydrogen are _ELEMENTS_. An Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a non-metal ion. Feb 26, 2019 · The three main types of bonds are ionic, covalent, and polar covalent. A bond is generally a form of debt which the investors pay to the issuers for a defined time frame. Ionic 1. Ionic Bond between a Metal and Non-Metal (M + NM) Covalent Bond between a Non-Metal and Non-Metal (NM + NM) Metallic Bond between a Metal and Metal (M+ M) Determine if the elements in the following compounds are metals or non-metals. ) High hardness, high strength, high melting point. htmlElements combine to form chemical compounds that are often divided into two categories. comhttps://www. At Fuse School, teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT This activity includes every compound formula and name that can be formed from the list 44 Ions provided in Chemistry A at Pickerington High School Central. For example, sodium chloride [NaCl] (more commonly known as salt) has positively charged sodium [Na+] ions, or cations, and negatively charged chlorine [Cl-] ions, or anions, holding the compound together. Sep 08, 2015 · Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, James Bond, so many bonds! What dictates which kind of bond will form? Electronegativity values, of course. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. Thus the ionic bond can be visualised as the electrostatic force of attraction that holds the cation and anion together. Metals will transfer their valence electrons to non-metals forming a positively-charged ions. When an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses one or more electrons, it forms an ion. A Familiar compound like table salt, sodium chloride, is a classic example of an ionic compound. Properties of Ionic Compounds : Some Common Features of Materials with Ionic Bonds: Hard ; Form crystal lattices not molecules ; Key Words for IONIC-Crystal, Characteristics of Ionic Compounds. Covalent bond. Just as covalent bond develops ionic character due to the difference of electronegativities of bonded atoms, the ionic bond also develops covalent character as described below: When two oppositely charged ions come close, positive ion tends to attract the electron cloud of negative ion towards itself because Video: What is a Metallic Bond? - Definition, Properties & Examples those atoms have formed an ionic bond. Start studying characteristics of ionic bonds. This happens after a metal atom loses one or more of its electrons to the non-metal atom. While individual Ionic Bond Properties may vary from one ionic compound to another. The atom that loses the electron becomes a positively charged ion and the atom that gains the electron becomes a negatively charged ion. ) High hardness, high strength, high melting point. • The crystalline lattice can be reproduced by translation of the unit cell in three dimensions. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. , electricity does not pass through the covalent compounds. The electronegativity of every element depends on the number of valence electrons it carries. com/chemistry/bonding/properties/section1The above reaction represents the formation of an ionic bond. molecules (H2O) Hydrogen. Ionic bonding refers to the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. • List the characteristics of an ionic bond. Here are some things to keep in mind as you study each of these types of bonding. Here is a short list of the main properties of covalent compounds: Do the ionic bonds in compounds affect freezing their point? . Another example of an ionic bond is found in lithium fluoride (LiF). com/stem/Primary-and-Secondary-BondsPrimary and Secondary Bonds. Unit 3- Chemical Bonding Study Guide CHEMICAL BONDS 1. Very strong, produces brittle minerals The lattice energies of ionic compounds are relatively large. Let's go through each type and what they're all about. Video: What is a Metallic Bond? - Definition, Properties & Examples those atoms have formed an ionic bond. They are hard. These bonds can form between a pair of atoms or between molecules and are the type of bond found in salts. 16. I've already gotten the three properties: - Hard, brittle crystals - High melting points - Conduct electricity But I don't understand when it says "Relate each property that you listed to the characteristics of ionic bonds. For example, a water molecule is a chemical bond of two Start studying characteristics of ionic bonds. Covalent Bonds On the other hand ionic bond is strong because the forces of attraction between the ion of opposite Which Elements form Ionic Bonds? Return to Bonding menu In modern language, the central idea of an ionic bond is that electrons (one or more, depending on the element) were transfered between the outer rings (shells) of adjacent atoms. This bonding mechanism is referred to as ionic, or electrovalent (see also ionic bond). Electronic configuration: For cations with same charge and size, the one, with (n-1)d n ns o which is found in transition elements have greater covalent character than the cation with ns 2 np 6 electronic configuration, A covalent bond with uneven sharing of the electrons is called a polar covalent bond. Ionic compounds are compounds composed of ions, charged particles that form when an atom (or group of atoms, in the case of polyatomic ions) gains or loses electrons. Examples of polar bonded molecules include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water (H 2 O). Bond Type Characteristics. ! 3. A common example of an ionic bond …A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. The bond is formed by an attraction between tow oppositely charged ions. The greater the difference in charge between the metal and non-metal ion, the stronger the ionic bond. A non-metal atom becomes a negative anion as it gains electron(s). Although atomic bond in a compound like M + X-is considered to be 100% ionic, actually it also has some covalent character. Ionic compounds are hard and rigid due to strong forces of attraction between 2. i think ionic bond is the strongest In covalent bonding, the two electrons shared by the atoms are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms. This type of bond is called a polar bond. A periodic table with the metals, non-metals, and metalloids labeled, and a list of ionic and covalent covalent compounds. Ionic bond definition is - a chemical bond formed between oppositely charged species because of their mutual electrostatic attraction. Characteristics of Ionic Compounds. IONIC FORCES: The forces holding ions together in ionic solids are electrostatic forces. Learning Goals This activity is designed for students to investigate an unknown situation, make observations and share data orally. These properties are listed below for covalent, ionic and metallic bonding. edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch2/mix. Covalent bonding occurs when neither …Bonding Between Atoms. Involves transfer of electrons to or from the outer electron shell. 3 kJ/mol, which is only slightly less than the energy given off when natural gas burns. . a chemical bond formed between oppositely charged species because of their mutual electrostatic attraction…list the characteristics of covalent compounds; Thus the ionic bond can be visualised as the electrostatic force of attraction that holds the cation and anion together. COVALENT CHARACTER IN IONIC BOND. The strength of the metallic bond depends on the: number of electrons in the delocalised 'sea' of electrons. Science What characteristic of a metallic bond explains some of the properties of metals? Chemistry Ionic Bonds Metallic Compounds. Elizabeth Roy Stanton. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity, i. The presence of ionic bonds affects the chemical and physical properties of the resulting compounds. by electrostatic attractions. To judge the relative polarity of a covalent bond, chemists use electronegativity , which is a relative measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons when it forms a covalent bond. Not every metal exhibit metallic bonding. R: Students revisit the concepts through practice problems on worksheets and in a graphic organizer that compares ionic and covalent bonding. Compound Element 1 (metal or non The sodium ion is then attracted to the chloride ion and a bond is formed from the attraction between a positive and negative ion. lithium nitride: Li3N, with Li+ and N3- ions. Ions have either a net positive or net negative charge. All these strong characteristics of this compound are attributed to it by the presence of strong ionic bonds between its constituent elements. Living things are covalently constructed. Characteristics of Ionic compounds. Ionic bonding in an NaCl molecule (common salt) Covalent bonding in Oxygen molecule Characteristics of Bond . Resonance. Author: Uttara ManoharWhat Are the Characteristics of Ionic Bonds? | Reference. Solubility. e. Examine the terminology and characteristics of polar and non-polar bonds with this interactive tutorial. • ionic bonds. Ionic Bonds Examples. Describe the type of bonding that occurs in the compound. Ionic compounds are compounds in which the atoms are held together by Solid. Statistics for ionic ionic character of covalent bond When two atoms of different elements are linked by a covalent bond, the shared electrons are not attracted equally by the two nuclei of bonding atoms. Characteristics of Bond . There are three types of primary bonds namely ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Which Chemical Bond is Stronger: Ionic vs. 21. In a layman's language, bond holders offer credit to the company issuing the bond. The Engineering Physics Notes Pdf book starts with the topics covering Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Metallic Bond, Basic Principles, Maxwell-Boltzman, Electron in a periodic Potential, Fermi Level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, ElectricSusceptibility, Applications of Superconductors, QuantumConfinement, Etc. A common misconception is the idea that elements tend to bond with other elements in order to achieve these octets because they are 'stable' or, even worse Chemical bonding determines the physical properties of substances. The ionic bond is caused by Network Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Solids • Almost all substances that are gases or liquids at room temperature and pressure (25oC and 1 atm) are molecular • There are three distinct types of non-molecular solids – Network covalent solids – Ionic solids – Metallic solids Ionic Bonding and the Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds Chemistry Tutorial Key Concepts. In a covalent compound, it is the sum of their covalent radii. A covalent bond involves positive and negative charges of union while ionic bonding's charge depends on the last atom that was being added plus the count on the anatomical orbit. ionic bond! Ionic compounds are bonded together in a repeating 3-dimensional pattern called a . Acidity/basicity. Lewis Structures and the Shapes of Molecules . Covalent bonds happen when atoms share electrons. 4. characteristics, and be able to give examples of each: a) Ionic bond List the 3 main types of ¾ subatomic particles and Science Georgia Standards of Excellence Georgia Department of Education March 31, 2016 Page 4 of 4 d. Part D Questions and Problems Answer the following in the space provided. 2 anion species. Due to unequal distribution of electron cloud, one end of the molecule acquire partial positive charge and the other end acquires equal partial negative charge. For example, most carbon-based compounds are covalently bonded but can also be partially ionic. Polar bonding with an unequal sharing of electrons. STUDY. They come together to Characteristics of Ionic compounds. High melting point (solid at room temperature). Ionic Compounds. List the characteristics of an ionic bond. Chemical Bonding . is the ability to dissolve in a solvent (typically water, but can include other liquids such as alcohols). )Here is a short list of the main properties of covalent compounds: Most covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points. Owlcation » STEM » Chemistry Recall that ionic compounds consist of a positively charged cation and a Maybe explain why each type of bond has a set of Properties of Matter: Solids. Primary bonds have relatively high bond energies and are more stable when compared with secondary forces. c) List the physical properties that indicate covalent bonding exists in a compound. 6. Please help me with this science question! I am trying to get my homework done, and I am clueless. By contrast, the ionic solid NaCl has a melting point of 800°C. List the characteristics of an ionic bond. Part A Completion. There are more covalent compounds in nature than ionic. Hard but brittle (can shatter). • Use the characteristics of ionic compounds to explain the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds when melted and when in aqueous solutions. com//chapter/the-covalent-bondMore than one electron can be donated and received in an ionic bond. solid state these compounds from ionic compounds from ionic crystals. Important in formation of mineralsThe lattice energies of ionic compounds are relatively large. Each type of bond leads to different characteristics. The importance of noble gas structures. Solidness is a sate of matter in which the material is relatively resistant to change. Review for Quiz 2: Ionic and Covalent Compounds 1. Comparison between Covalent and Ionic Compounds . Covalent or molecular compounds form when elements share electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules Electron clouds overlap in covalent bonding. kitkatkirsten22. Because this force of attraction depends on the square of the distance between the positive and negative charges, the strength of an ionic bond depends on the radii of the ions that form the solid. For example, a water molecule is a chemical bond of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Pin 4K. An ionic bond is a chemical bond where two atoms of opposite charges attract each other to form a bond. (b) Covalent bonding in methane and water molecules. Ionic compounds are hard and rigid due to strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions. They are composed a a metal bonded to a non me…tal. Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water. The atoms of covalent bonds are bound more tightly and form more stable molecules when compared to the atoms of ionic bonds, which show attraction to other nearby atoms Chemsite explains that an ionic bond forms when an electron is transferred from a metal to a non-metal, where the electronegativity is much higher in one atom than the other. ) Ionization to form complete outer shells (valence orbitals) - Outer shells are spherical in nature and have noble gas configuration. chem. 1) They are solid at room temperature. sodium chloride is an Here is a short list of the main properties of covalent compounds: Most covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points. Status: ResolvedAnswers: 3Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Purdue Universitychemed. This kind of bonds occurs mainly between a metallic and a non metallic atom. We examined ionic bonding briefly in Chapter 2 and will do so in more detail in Chapter 11. They …Updated August 16, 2017. Bonding Between Atoms. These ionic compounds Ionic Bonds. The physical properties of ionic compounds are: ⚛ High melting points and high boiling points. Electronegativity. ) the barium-to-fluorine bond in Ba-F the Describe how atoms combine to form molecules through ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding. This means one has very few atoms in their outer shell, while the other has many. Remember that an ionic bond is formed through the transfer of electrons. Lattice Energy. • coordination number. What is a Mixture – Definition, Characteristics, Types of Bonding. Full Answer. Electrons are entirely transferred from one atom to the other. Cations are usually metal atoms and anions are either nonmetalsThere are many properties. This attraction is called an ionic bond. Discuss the properties and characteristics of metals;Ionic Bonding. Tools. There are no 100 percent ionic bonds. ria-majumdar in other words, strong heat is required to break the bonds between the constituent ions. In chemistry, an ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a lattice structure by ionic bonds. » Owing to the fact that metals tend to lose electrons and non-metals tend to gain electrons, ionic bonding is common between metals and non-metals. Mar 24, 2008 · List three physical properties associated with an ionic bond? List three physical properties associated with an ionic bond? Pleasee if you know any tell me. ionic bond definition: The definition of ionic bond is when a positively charged ion forms a bond with a negatively charged ions and one atom transfers electrons to another. Characteristics of Covalent and Ionic Compounds Consider Table 1 when answering the following questions. Bond concepts Chemical concepts Reference Shipman, Wilson, ToddIonic compounds cannot conduct electricity if they are dissolved in water. I-V Characteristics of Properties & characteristics of metals (1) Covalent giant structures (1) Molecular solids (1) Pure substances (5) Elements (1) One heteroatom bond (1) Organic reaction mechanisms (1) Terminology of organic reaction mechanisms (1) evidence for the ionic model. Review Module / Chapters 13–16 51. lumenlearning. For example, the whole reason of using ligand field theory instead of crystal field theory is that the ionic description (CFT) breaks down, and the covalent effects are important in all but the simplest cases These covalent bond is not pure covalent but it have partial ionic character. If a compound is made from a metal and a non-metal, its bonding will be ionic. Strong salts start with Na__, K__, NH 4 __, or they end with __NO 3, __ClO 4, or __CH 3 COO. Thus, covalent compounds have low melting points and low boiling points. The two most common chemical bonds for ceramic materials are covalent and ionic. Following are the typical characteristics of covalent compounds: (i) Low melting and boiling points: Covalent compounds consist of molecules held by weak forces. They contrast to the characteristics of a covalent bonds. Ionic Solids In ionic compounds, the larger ions become the lattice point "spheres" that are the framework of the unit cell. Metallic Bond. Compare and contrast between metallic / ionic / covalent bonding Ionic Bondings -Structure consisting of a giant lattice of cations and anions, held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction. Covalent compounds usually have lower enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than ionic compounds. A few non-metals also conduct electricity that includes graphite. The images above schematically show the process that takes place during the formation of an ionic bond between sodium and chlorine atoms. For each of the 4 different types of bonds, explain the following a. Some ionic bonds contain covalent characteristics and some covalent bonds are partially ionic. Status: ResolvedAnswers: 4The Covalent Bond | Boundless Chemistry - Lumen Learninghttps://courses. ) Bonds formed by sharing outer s and p orbitals or sp3 orbitals. A bond in which the electrons are shared equally is called a nonpolar covalent bond. What is a solute? What is a solvent? Give an example of each. – Network covalent solids – Ionic solids – Metallic solids. Covalent Bonds. A covalent bond is a bond that results from …show more content… A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. ccp hcp bcc NaCl ZnS. Metals often react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. Table 7. Examples include: sodium chloride: NaCl, with Na+ and Cl- ions. In … solid state these compounds from ionic compounds from ionic crystals. Explain the electrical conductivity of melted and of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds. Factors Influencing the Formation of Ionic Bond Following are the factors that favour the formation and stability of ionic bonds: Low Ionisation Energy Ionisation energy of an element is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated neutral gaseous atom to form gaseous cation. Aug 30, 2014 In metallic bonding, the valence electrons are free to An ionic bond is actually the extreme case of a polar covalent bond, the latter resulting from unequal sharing of electrons rather than complete electron transfer. In the mineral halite, NaCl (common, or rock, salt), the chemical bonding that holds the Na + and Cl − ions together is the attraction between the two opposite charges. Non-polar bonding with an equal sharing of electrons. Students learn various characteristics of ionic and covalent bonds. The main difference between ionic covalent and metallic bonds is their formation; ionic bonds form when one atom provides electrons to another atom whereas covalent bonds form when two atom shares their valence electrons and metallic bonds form when a variable number of atoms share a variable number of electrons in a metal lattice. These compounds are composed of positive and negative ions formed by adding or subtracting electrons from neutral atoms and molecules. bonds. reference. Ionic bondIonic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that arises from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. Page. These general characteristics apply to the majority of ionic compounds and therefore can be useful when trying to determine if something is an ionic compound committing. In reality even the most classic examples of ionic bonding, such as the sodium chloride bond, contain characteristics of covalent bonding, or sharing of electrons of outer shell electrons. List three properties of ionic compounds and relate each property to the characteristics of ionic bonds?Status: ResolvedAnswers: 1Metallic Bonds Definition, Formation and Properties of https://byjus. Aug 6, 2015 Characteristics of ionic bond: * Three dimensional structure called an ionic lattice. polar covalent bond: A covalent bond that has a partial ionic character to it, as a result of the difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms. Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. The strength of the metallic bond depends on the: number of electrons in the delocalised 'sea' of electrons. Covalent Compounds Chemical Start studying characteristics of ionic bonds. covalent character: The partial sharing of electrons between atoms that have an ionic bond. Other ionic compounds are known as salts and can be formed by acid–base reactions. After analyzing the data, students should understand the difference between ionic and covalent bonds. The La-O(H) distances obsd. Andersen shows you how to determine if a bond is nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionc. The ions produced by electron transfer attract each other by electrostatic attraction and this creates an ionic bond. Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than List of Ionic Bonds Examples. Positive and negative obviously attract and the bond stays together through electrostatic attraction. Because of the nature of ionic and covalent bonds, the materials produced by those bonds tend to have quite different macroscopic properties. Bond Energy or Bond Strength. The atoms that accept the electrons become negatively-charged. What are Bonds ? Bonds are issued by Characteristics of a Bond. ) The bond formed by this kind of combination is known as an ionic bond or electrovalent bond. ability both to donate a hydrogen bond to water and to accept a hydrogen bond from water is an important factor in water solubility. There are many types of bonds, but nearly all bonds share three characteristics, explains Beth Stanton. o Some characteristics of ionic bonds are that they form crystals, conduct electricity when dissolved, are brittle. Introduction to Covalent Bonding: Bonding between non-metals consists of two electrons shared between two atoms. On the other hand ionic bond is strong because the forces of attraction between the ion of opposite charge and repulsion between the ion of same charge. For example, a water molecule is a chemical bond of two Ions cannot form without obtaining a noble-gas configuration. Covalent Character in Ionic Compounds Fajan's Rule. I don't formally assess them on this information because it's not specifically part of my school curriculum. The negatively charged anion, F, and the positively charged cation are held together in the bond by …An ionic bond is the bonding between a non-metal and a metal, that occurs when charged atoms attract after one loses one or more of its electrons, and gives it to the other molecule, for example sodium and chlorine. List and describe some substances which do not seem to fi t into any of the three types of bonding. org;What zodiac would suit these characteristics better ? -Loyalty -Resentment/Jealousy -Indecisive -Intelligent -Bravery I am in the middle of scorpio and gemini but i'm unsure. PLAY #1form by the transfer of electrons. • Student practice illustrating and naming ionic bonds. Ionic Compounds, Naming and Formula Writing. Ionic bonds are characterized by the complete transfer of electrons from one There exist several prominent characteristics of ionic bonds and here is a list of Here is a short list of the main properties of covalent compounds: Do the ionic bonds in compounds affect freezing their point? . An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide are mixed Mar 07, 2019 · This is due to the wide range of different anion characteristics, including electronegativity, polarizability, and ionic radius. This generally happens between atoms that have opposite electronegativity. Characteristics of an ionic bond. 5 and 1. If a compound is made from two non-metals, its bonding will be covalent. Ionic bonding is one type of chemical bonding which occurs when there is a transfer of electrons between a metal element and a non-metal element. High melting point and boiling point because a large amount of energy is required to break the electrostatic forces holding the lattice together. (In Lewis structures, a line represents two electrons. Search. As lattice energy becomes more negative, the stronger is the attraction between the ions and, thus, the stronger the ionic bond. value of d(O-H) is 2. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. An estimate of the strength of the bonds in an ionic compound can be obtained by measuring the lattice energy of the compound, which is the energy given off when oppositely charged ions in the gas phase come together to form a solid. Apply Use electron configurations, orbital Electron transfer involves creation of ions, which bond via ionic bonds to form ionic compounds. Ionic Compounds: Formation, Lattice Energy and Back to Ionic Properties "Molecular Marshmallow" Compounds with covalent bonds may be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature depending on the number of atoms in the compound. of 1 rsc. ) Energy lowering process by electron exchange. Create. 5, then the bond is nonpolar covalent. Chemical Bonds: Covalent vs. Titration screen experiment. Share 3. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds that are developed from reactions of low electronegativity elements with those that are high electronegativity. If it is the result of a reaction between a strong base and a weak acid, the result is a basic salt. Ionic bond: This bond is formed by the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. A strong electrostatic force then bonds the 2 ions together. slide 1 of 4. ionic bond and covalent bond ,,the ionic bond Ionic Bonds – An ionic bond is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. (Enter your answer in the format H-O for the hydrogen-to-oxygen bond in H2O. characteristics of ionic bonds. Their electronegative properties are similar, and they share pairs of electrons between atoms. purdue. Ionic bonds are the strongest chemical bonds with an exception of the giant covalent bonds found in diamond and silicon dioxide. Two strong magnets are another way of showing how the opposite charges on the ions are attracted. Secondary bonds include dispersion bonds, dipole bonds, and hydrogen bonds. 1 Energetics of Ionic Compound Formation There are three types of chemical bonds. 17. The ether contains an atom (oxygen) that can accept hydrogen bonds from water, although it cannot donate a hydrogen bond; hence, it has some water-like characteristics, but is less like water than the alcohol. Relate lattice energy to ionic-bond strength. Network Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Solids. The bond between ions of opposite charge is strongest when the ions are small. Ionic bonds can be considered the ultimate in polarity, with electrons being transferred rather than shared. 10 list the formulas and charges of common polyatomic ions. When melted, the ions can move around, creating electric conduct. They have higher enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than molecular compounds. In covalent bonding, two atoms of the same element can bond together. These compounds are usually formed between metals and non-metals. Very strong, produces brittle minerals. • Almost all substances that are gases or liquids at room temperature and pressure (25oC and 1 atm) are molecular • There are three distinct types of non- molecular solids. 2. The NaCl has ionic bonds. Since most bonds lie along a line between ionic and covalent we say that a bond is "predominately" one or the other. In short, it is a bond formed by the attraction between two oppositely charged ions. It is one of the main bonds along with Covalent bond and Metallic bonding. How are atoms held together? What is the attraction between? 2. In a metallic bond, the valence electrons are not donated or shared as Get an answer for 'What are ionic and non ionic compounds? Please give examples' and find homework help for other Science questions at eNotes. In a metallic bond, the valence electrons are not donated or shared as The Chemical Components of a Cell. Ionic bonds are generally a lot weaker than covalent bonds. Separate from chemical bonds are also hydrogen bonds, which deal with hydrogen atoms. (noun) An example of an ionic bond is the chemical compound Sodium Chloride. The ratio of cations to anions is always in a way that there is no net charge. They diagram them in several ways, as well as create models of the molecules. The bond so formed is called an electrovalent or an ionic bond. What are the characteristics of Ionic compounds ? 1. They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water. Key Terms. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. View Answer Match each of the following energy changes with one of the processes given: ionization energy, electron affinity, bond enthalpy, and standard enthalpy of formation. They are ionic, covalent, and polar covalent. Here, we discuss two classes of compounds based on the bond type that holds the atoms together: ionic and covalent. Thus, metal atoms become positively charged ions and non metal atoms become negatively charged ions, and as unlike charges attract each other, The characteristics of an ionic bond include the transfer of electrons resulting in the formation of cations and anions, and the electrostatic force between the resulting cations and anions. All of these compounds form crystal structures, another common trait of ionic compounds. They are lattices composed of oppositely charged ions. are discussed by taking into account the relation which exists between bond strength and bond length. The purpose of the reading assignment is to provide students with a brief summary about ionic bond characteristics and introduction to the term anion and cation. 1 Chemical Bonds Almost all chemical substances are found as aggregates of atoms in the form of molecules and ions produced through the reactions of various atoms of elements except the noble-gas elements which are stable mono-atomic gases. In essence, ionic bonding is nondirectional, whereas covalent bonding is directional. Chemical bonds can result from either the sharing and pairing of electrons in the outermost energy levels or by the donating and accepting of electrons. Following are the typical characteristics of covalent compounds: Covalent compounds consist of molecules held by weak forces. If the electronegativity difference is between 0. For metals, the chemical bond is called the metallic bond. Let's find out more Ionic compounds are solids, possess high melting points, conduct electricity, are hard but brittle and are formed from an ionic bond between one metal and one Aug 6, 2015 Ionically bonded substances typically have the following characteristics. * High melting point and boiling point because a large Mar 13, 2018 When atoms connect with other atoms, they are said to have a chemical bond. Since metals have free electrons and ionic compounds that are dissolved or molten in water and consist of free moving ions. An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost an electron, and thus has a positive or negative charge; ions have different chemical properties than the neutral (as listed on the periodic table) form of the atom. e) Find a relationship between the volatility of a substance and its type of bond. As many as you know is fine. For example, NaCl - or salt - is held together by ionic bonds. Ionic bonds typically form when the difference in the electronegativities of the two atoms is great, while covalent bonds form when the electronegativities are similar. bond, and a bond with 6 electrons (three pairs Chapter 4. The rule is that when the electronegativity difference is greater than 2. Ionic bonds are atomic bonds created by the attraction of two differently charged ions. An ionic bond between a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion creates a molecule of Describe the characteristics of ionic compounds and of molecular Compounds containing two elements (so called binary compounds) can either have ionic or covalent bonding. i think ionic bond is the strongest ionic character of covalent bond When two atoms of different elements are linked by a covalent bond, the shared electrons are not attracted equally by the two nuclei of bonding atoms. In an ionic bond, one or more electrons are transferred from a cation to an anion. 1 Ionic bond. During ionic bonding, a complete transfer of valence electrons takes place between atoms. A chemical bond in which two electrons are shared between two atoms is known as a covalent bond. Though these components are present together Oct 17, 2010 · Mr. How to use ionic in a sentence. magnesium oxide: MgO, with Mg2+ and O2- ions. The bonding in a sodium chloride crystal (NaCl) is ionic, by electrostatic attractions. The unit cell. the characteristics of substances other than pure elements—including the an ionic bond is formed when electrons are Unifying Characteristics of Life An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation. Ionic Bozeman Science van der Waals - …Ionic bond definition is - a chemical bond formed between oppositely charged species because of their mutual electrostatic attraction. ! 4. Some examples of compounds with ionic bonding include NaCl, KI, MgCl 2. For instance, NaCl or sodium chloride is a compound formed from ionic bonds between positively charged Na+ ions and negatively charged Cl- ions. There are two types of covalent bonds. To judge the relative polarity of a covalent bond, Socratic Meta Featured Answers Topics What characteristic of a metallic bond explains some of the properties of metals? Chemistry Ionic Bonds Metallic Compounds. • ionic compounds are pure substances that form when metal and non-metal atoms are chemically bonded together by an ionic bond (electrostatic attraction). The strong electrostatic attraction is due to the interaction between positively and negatively charged ions that make up the molecule. An ionic bond is a bond Covalent Bond Characteristics: 1. Ionic Bonding Chapter Pages ------------- 1 - Overview 2 - Alkali Metals 3 - Alkaline Earth Metals 4 - Noble Gases 5 - Halogens 6 - Oxygen Family 7 - Nitrogen Family 8 - Carbon Family 9 - Boron Family 10 - Transition Metals Activity: Ionic Bonding the ionic compound. (a) Bonding of two fatty acids to a glycerol molecule in the formation of a fat. Ionic bonds also melt at high temperatures. A List of Three Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compound Definition. » Owing to the fact that metals tend to lose electrons and non-metals tend to gain electrons, ionic bonding is common between metals and non-metals. Water. Mar 13, 2018 When atoms connect with other atoms, they are said to have a chemical bond. What Are the Characteristics of Ionic Bonds? When a metal and a non-metal atom form an ionic bond, the metal ion loses electrons and becomes a positively charged cation. a chemical bond formed between oppositely charged species because of their mutual electrostatic attraction…• covalent compounds list • no covalent compound • two properties of covalent compounds salts held together by ionic bonds, intermetallic compounds held together by metallic bonds, Ionic and covalent bonding compounds : List them on the white board and be prepared to explain how your team made these decisions. Sodium chloride, also known as table salt; potassium chloride, which is used in medicine and as a salt substitute; and corundum, the mineral that rubies and sapphires are composed of, are well-known ionic compounds. These ionic compounds dissociate completely in water. Share 112 +1 4. The ions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern in an ionic crystal. Ionic bonds form due to the transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 5 kelvin, produces argon fluorohydride, HArF. The crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds is responsible for which set of characteristic properties?Jul 21, 2017 covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons, and ionic bonding results from the TRANSFER of electrons to form discrete positive and When there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another either by gain or loss of electrons an ionic or electrovalent bond is formed. Nov 30, 2011 · List three properties of ionic compounds and relate each property to the characteristics of ionic bonds? The ions produced by electron transfer attract each other by electrostatic attraction and this creates an ionic bond. Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bond Model 4. In general, molecular compounds form when NONMETALS_combine together. A common example of an ionic compound is common salt or NaCl, in which the sodium atom gains one pair of electrons from the chlorine atom, and forms an ionic bond. Speaking of bonds as purely ionic or covalent is not always correct - usually it is more correct to say that a bond has ionic or covalent characteristics. PROPERTIES CONTROLLED BY CHEMICAL BOND 5 A chemical bond is an attractive force between atoms that cause multiple atoms to come together in a specific pattern to form compounds. Syntheses in organic molecules. 0 (Electronegativity according to Pauling), the bond is considered ionic. b) List the physical properties that indicate ionic bonding exists in a compound. The bonding of atoms together is much stronger in covalent and ionic bonding than in metallic. the number of ions of opposite charge surrounding each ion in a crystalGet an answer for 'What are ionic and non ionic compounds? Please give examples' and find homework help for other Science questions at eNotes are called IONIC compounds . Properties of Ionic Compounds. crystal lattice. Thus, metal atoms become positively charged ions and non metal atoms become negatively charged ions, and as unlike charges attract each other, 60. There are two types of covalent bonding: 1. Ionic compounds are compounds consisting of ions. com/science/characteristics-ionic-bonds-782bde48b03812a8Ionic bonds form between atoms that transfer electrons to one another. Metal. An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron. They come together to An ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between a non-metal and a metal ion in a giant ionic crystal lattice. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, again due to strong forces 3. Important Features of Bond Length. salt: Characteristics and Classification of Salts Most salts are ionic compounds The chemical formula for an ionic salt is an empirical formula; it does not represent a molecule but shows the proportion of atoms of the elements that make up the salt. Log in Sign up. Ionic bonds are characterized by the complete transfer of electrons from one There exist several prominent characteristics of ionic bonds and here is a list of An ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between a non-metal and a metal ion in a giant They contrast to the characteristics of a covalent bonds. Question : Is Lead (II) Sulfate ( PbSO4 ) an ionic or covalent bond ? Answer : Lead (II) Sulfate ( PbSO4 ) is an Ionic bond What is chemical bond, ionic bond, covalent bond? Chemical bond A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. Bond Lab The physical properties of a substance such as melting point, solubility and conductivity tell us a lot about the type of bond in a compound. (ii) Non-conducting nature: 1 Ionic bond. 1 Answer Ernest Z. Ionic bonds usually form between metals and non-metals. Generally, metals (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) tend to lose electrons, and nonmetals (group 17 elements mainly) tend to gain these electrons. Know and understand the definitions of: metal, non-metal, ionic compound, covalent (molecular) compound, binary compound and electrolyte. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points. Ionic bonds can be considered the ultimate in polarity, with electrons being transferred rather than shared. Ionic Compounds: Formation, Lattice Energy and Properties. 1 "Covalent Bonds", we stated that the covalent bond in the hydrogen molecule (H2) has a certain length (about 7. • covalent compounds list • no covalent compound • two properties of covalent compounds salts held together by ionic bonds, intermetallic compounds held together by metallic bonds, Ionic and covalent bonding compounds : Fajans' Rule - Disclosing Covalent Characteristics in Ionic Bonds True ionic bond (with 100% ionic characteristics) or covalent bond (with 100% covalent characteristics) is a myth. Polarity is a measure of the separation of charge in a compound. Ionic bonding involves a transfer of an electron, so one atom gains an electron while one atom loses an electron


text:
Q: How can I scale my Windows forms chart using the mouse wheel? I'm using windows forms chart control and this is the wheel mouse event:
void chart1_MouseWheel(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Delta < 0)
            {
                chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScaleView.ZoomReset();
                chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.ScaleView.ZoomReset();
            }

            if (e.Delta > 0)
            {
                double xMin = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScaleView.ViewMinimum;
                double xMax = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScaleView.ViewMaximum;
                double yMin = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.ScaleView.ViewMinimum;
                double yMax = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.ScaleView.ViewMaximum;

                double posXStart = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.PixelPositionToValue(e.Location.X) - (xMax - xMin) / 4;
                double posXFinish = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.PixelPositionToValue(e.Location.X) + (xMax - xMin) / 4;
                double posYStart = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.PixelPositionToValue(e.Location.Y) - (yMax - yMin) / 4;
                double posYFinish = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.PixelPositionToValue(e.Location.Y) + (yMax - yMin) / 4;

                chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScaleView.Zoom(posXStart, posXFinish);
                chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.ScaleView.Zoom(posYStart, posYFinish);
            }
        }

The problem is in the chart paint event when I draw points and connect them with lines when I use the wheel the points and lines are gone I don't think they are scaling right.
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 2.5f);
        SolidBrush myBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red);
        private void chart1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
        {

            if (paintToCalaculate)
            {
                Series s = chart1.Series.FindByName("dummy");
                if (s == null) s = chart1.Series.Add("dummy");
                drawPoints.Clear();
                s.Points.Clear();
                foreach (PointF p in valuePoints)
                {
                    s.Points.AddXY(p.X, p.Y);
                    DataPoint pt = s.Points[0];
                    double x = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ValueToPixelPosition(pt.XValue);
                    double y = chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.ValueToPixelPosition(pt.YValues[0]);
                    drawPoints.Add(new Point((int)x, (int)y));
                    s.Points.Clear();
                }
                paintToCalaculate = false;
                chart1.Series.Remove(s);
            }
            foreach (Point p in drawPoints)
            {
                e.Graphics.FillEllipse(Brushes.Red, p.X - 2, p.Y - 2, 4, 4);
            }
            if (drawPoints.Count > 1)
            {
                e.Graphics.DrawLines(pen, drawPoints.ToArray());
            }
                    }

How can I take care in the wheel mouse event also about the points and lines I draw in the paint event ?

A: I think you may need to set your 'paintToCalaculate' flag when zooming.  It gets turned off during the first paint event and is not turned back on when zooming, so your lines are not being rescaled.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange