text:
‹ Chapter 6, 7, 8 Chapter 10, 11 ›
Chapter 9: A State Crime: Ordered by Jiang, and Carried Out by the Military
I. Four types of evidence showing Jiang Zemin Personally Issued the Order
II. Strong incentives promoting the development of new transplant technologies
Ample evidence points to a startling fact: these incidents of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners are not isolated, localized and incidental murders. There are four distinct evidentiary trails that lead us to conclude that Jiang Zemin directly ordered the organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners and gave the army the lead role in carrying out the task. The many state apparatuses—the Armed Police, the Political and Legal Affairs Commission, the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate, the Courts, the Judiciary, and medical facilities across the country that practice organ transplants—have been complicit in these crimes. The evidence also touches on how harvesting has been commercialized, allowing the network of military hospitals and armed police hospitals to share in financial profits. These atrocities began in the year 2000 and continue today.
Starting from March 9, 2006, WOIPFG initiated an investigation into organ harvesting centers inside the communist party's judicial system, army and armed police, in 31 provinces and autonomous regions. We released 60 phone conversations for which complete audio recordings are available, all of which are standalone, direct evidence and can be downloaded, and 1,628 pieces of materials from a long list of officials, doctors and transplant brokers. These include:
Members of the standing committee of the Politburo
Vice chairman of the CCP's Central Military Commission
A Central Military Commission member and former defense minister
Minister of Health of the General Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)
Central and local political and legislative committees and officials at 610 offices
Armed police
Military hospitals
Staff in Red Cross Organ Donation Offices
Doctors in transplant departments
Transplant brokers
Evidentiary line 1: Four persons admitted that Jiang Zemin directly gave the order to extract organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplant operations.[1]
1) Investigation recording from Bai Shuzhong, Former Minister of Health for the Chinese People's Liberation Army's (PLA) General Logistics Department. (Download link: MP3)
Investigator: "When you were the head of the health division for the PLA General Logistics Department, regarding taking organs from detained Falun Gong people for organ transplantation, was it an order from Wang Ke, the then-director of the PLA General Logistics Department? Or did it directly come from the Central Military Commission?"
Bai: "Back then it was Chairman Jiang. There was an order, a sort of instruction, which said to carry out such things, organ transplantation. That is to say, it was not just the military that was doing kidney transplants."
Investigator: "We also obtained some intelligence, that is to say back then, the Joint Logistics Departments of the Military Regions had detained a number of Falun Gong people as live donors, is that true?"
Bai: "This, this is back then, ah, I think, at least this is how I remembered, because back then after Chairman Jiang issued the order, we all did a lot of work against the Falun Gong practitioners. Because Jiang paid a lot of attention to this matter back then, and put a lot of emphasis on this matter."
This is an excerpt of the transcript of the recording from WOIPFG's investigation of Bai Shuzhong on September 30, 2014. As the highest level administrative leader of one of the organizations that carries out organ harvesting operations, Bai played a key role in transmitting Jiang's order to slaughter Falun Gong practitioners. His term of office was between 1998 and 2004, which coincides with the time period when the persecution of Falun Gong and organ harvesting were at their worst. In the recording, Bai clearly states that Jiang gave a direct order to harvest organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplant, and that there are multiple state apparatuses beside the military that are involved in organ harvesting.
This piece of evidence affirms the weight of evidence WOIPFG has acquired from the military, armed police, regional government organizations, and the judiciary and legal systems that all of these organizations are complicit in the crimes of organ harvesting. It also expounds the reasons behind this situation and verifies the judgment WOIPFG has made based on the collected evidence.
2) Investigation recording from Bo Xilai, then-minister of commerce. (Download link: MP3)
First Secretary: "That is, when you were the governor of Liaoning Province, …that is to say, regarding the matter of live organ harvesting of Falun Gong (practitioners), was that your order or Jiang Zemin's order?"
Bo: "President Jiang's!"
3) Investigation recording from Tan Yunshan, chief physician from the Liver Pathological Department at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. (Recording Download:MP3,Transcription:Appendix 19)
On February 8, 2015, a WOIPFG investigator called Tan Yunshan.
Investigator: "Do you know that Bai Shuzhong, the former Minister of Health of PLA General Logistics Department, has confessed that Jiang Zemin issued the order to harvest organs from living Falun Gong practitioners for transplants? So is every hospital doing surgeries under that policy?"
Tan Yunshan: "Yes, that's right."
4) Investigation recording from Dr. Gong of the second ward of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
On October 12, 2015, Dr. Gong of the second ward of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology spoke to a WOIPFG investigator on the phone. Gong acknowledged using Falun Gong practitioners as donors for organ transplants, and that this was following Jiang Zemin's Order.
(Recording Download: MP3,Transcription: Appendix 23)
Investigator: "Oh, you mean organs from Falun Gong practitioners?"
Dr. Gong: "Yes, now we are no longer allowed to use organs from donors not claimed by any family members."
Investigator: "Oh, so all along it's them who have done [organ harvesting]? In the past, many hospitals were involved in [organ harvesting], in massive quantities. It was allowed at the time. It was an order from Jiang Zemin. He was the chairman back then."
Dr. Gong: "Well, you would need written documents issued by the state to perform things of that nature [organ harvesting]."
Investigator: "Right, right, Jiang Zemin gave orders to use imprisoned Falun Gong practitioners for organ harvesting. Since Jiang Zemin issued such orders, you dared to perform [organ harvesting], right?"
Dr. Gong: "Of course."
Evidentiary line 2: High-level CCP officials knew about the crime of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners[2]
WOIPFG's investigations of five members of the Standing Committee of the Politburo, the vice chairman of the CCP's Central Military Commission, a member of the Central Military Commission, and the former defense minister further confirm: Jiang Zemin issued the order to harvest organs from Falun Gong practitioners; Zhou Yongkang is directly involved in implementing the policy of organ harvesting; the PLA General Logistic Department is the core agency responsible for organ harvesting; and high level CCP officials are well aware of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners.
1) Zhang Gaoli, current Member of Politburo Standing Committee
On June 24, 2015, while Zhang Gaoli was on an official visit to Kazakhstan, a WOIPFG investigator, disguised as a secretary working for Jiang, phoned Zhang Gaoli[3]. When asked about Falun Gong practitioners filing lawsuits against Jiang Zemin for harvesting organs from millions of practitioners, Zhang did not deny the allegation at all. Instead, Zhang eagerly promised,"I will definitely … prevent this matter from being pursued at the Politburo's meeting." (Recording Download: MP3)
2)Zhang Dejiang, Member of Politburo Standing Committee, Director of the NPC Standing Committee
On June 15, 2015, while Zhang Dejiang was on an official visit to India, a WOIPFG investigator called Zhang Dejiang in the name of secretary Liu working for Jiang Zemin. When Zhang was asked, "Comrade Jiang Zemin wanted to know, if Zhou Yongkang had confessed to the fact that Jiang Zemin made the decision of harvesting organs from imprisoned Falun Gong practitioners?" Zhang did not deny the allegation, and answered, "Can we talk after I am back in China? Okay?" "I am currently abroad, it is inconvenient to talk over the cell phone."[4](Recording Download: MP3.)
3) Li Changchun, Member of Politburo Standing Committee
On April 17, 2012, during an undercover phone call with Li Changchun, a WOIPFG investigator said to Li, "While you are away, and Jia Qinglin is away, they want to convict Bo Xilai using his involvement in murdering and removing organs from Falun Gong practitioners." Li answered, "Zhou Yongkang is in charge of this specifically. He knows it.[5]"(Recording Download: MP3)
4) Liang Guanglie, Former Minister of National Defense, Member of Central Military Commission
A telephone investigation took place during Liang Guanglie's trip to the U.S. from May 4 to May 10, 2012. Liang admitted to a WOIPFG investigator that the Central Military Commission had held meetings to discuss issues about Falun Gong practitioners detained by the military and the military hospitals involved in harvesting their organs. Liang suggested that it was the General Logistics Department that should be contacted to collect related information rather than him[6]. (Recording Download:MP3)
5) Guo Boxiong, Former member of the Politburo, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
During Guo Boxiong's visit to Central America from October 23 to November 4 in 2011, a WOIPFG investigator had a phone conversation with Guo. Guo did not deny the existence of "live organ harvesting from imprisoned or detained Falun Gong practitioners for transplant operations," but emphasized that further discussion should be conducted "through a secure telephone."[7] (Recording Download: MP3)
6) Zeng Qinghong, former member of the Politburo Standing Committee
On August 8, 2007, Zeng Qinghong attended the 60th Anniversary Celebration of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A WOIPFG investigator was able to reach him by phone in his hotel room. During the phone conversation, Zeng did not deny the statement that "the military participated in live organ harvesting from detained Falun Gong practitioners," but emphasized that the caller who pretended to be working for another high-ranking official needed to collect information "through normal channels on your side."[8] (Recording Download:MP3)
7) Zhou Yongkang, former member of the Politburo Standing Committee, director of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission
On May 29, 2008, a WOIPFG investigator, disguised as "Li Chuncheng, Secretary of the Communist Party Committee of Sichuan Province," talked to Zhou Yongkang. Zhou did not deny the statement that Falun Gong practitioners are being held at facilities such as combat readiness warehouses and bomb shelters, but emphasized that this matter can only be discussed through secure phones.[9] (Recording Download: MP3)
(Transcripts and MP3 downloads of Evidence 2 through 5 can be found at the following links, except the latest evidence from Zhang Dejiang):
Chinese: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/46728
English: http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241
Evidentiary line 3: Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (PLAC) and the 610 System are directly involved in the organ harvesting crimes
High-ranking officials of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission further confirmed the crimes specified above:
1) Zhou Benshun, Former Secretary-General of Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
In November 2008, Zhou Benshun, the then secretary-general of the Central PLAC, accompanied Zhou Yongkang, the director of the Central PLAC, on a visit to Australia. A WOIPFG investigator disguising himself as Yang Hui, Head of the Second Department of PLA General Staff Headquarters, collected testimony from Zhou Benshun. Zhou admitted, "Such things as live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in our country, it does exist in our country."
Zhou Benshun was the vice secretary-general and later secretary-general of the Central PLAC from 2014 to 2013. Ultimately, he was one of the high-level officials and organizers involved in the implementation of harvesting organs from Falun Gong practitioners.[10](Recording Download: MP3)
2) Wei Jianrong, Former vice director of Central PLAC Office
On September 26, 2008, former vice director of the Central PLAC Office Wei Jianrong admitted that live organ harvesting from detained Falun Gong practitioners "started a long time ago."[11]
(Recording Download: MP3.)
3) Tang Junjie, former Deputy Secretary of PLAC in Liaoning Province
Liaoning Province was suspected to be the very first province involved in large-scale live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. On April 13, 2012, when the former Deputy Secretary of PLAC in Liaoning Province Tang Junjie was asked, "What kind of directions or commands did Bo Xilai give regarding removing organs from Falun Gong practitioners?" Tang answered, "I was asked to be in charge of this task. Party central is actually paying close attention to this."[12] (Recording Download:MP3)
4) Secretary Yu working for Luo Gan, Former Member of the Politburo
When the CCP started the persecution of Falun Gong, Luo Gan was the director of Central PLAC. On October 28, 2006, Luo Gan's secretary Mr. Yu said, "It's not easy for me to explain it to you clearly in a short conversation." He then asked the disguised investigator to call him from a secure phone.[13]
(Recording Download: MP3)
5) A PLAC official surnamed Li
From September 16 to 26, 2008, a phone conversation took place between a PLAC official in Beijing surnamed Li and a WOIPFG investigator:
Investigator: "We would like to find out who among the Central PLAC staff know about this state secret?"
Li: "Which state secret?"
Investigator: "Regarding harvesting organs from living and detained Falun Gong practitioners, who among the Central PLAC staff know about this secret?"
Li: "Officials above the department level know this secret."[14]
6) Director of the 610 Office in Ji County, Tianjin
Director of the 610 Office in Ji County, Tianjin, admitted to a WOIPFG investigator that the human corpses sold by Bo Xilai's wife Gu Kailai "were not just limited to corpses of Falun Gong practitioners."[15]
7) Sun Guangtian, deputy mayor of Dalian, former director of the Public Security Bureau in Dalian
On September 18, 2012, a WOIPFG investigator disguised himself as the secretary of Xia Deren, who is the deputy secretary of CCP Committee of Liaoning Province, in order to collect testimony from Sun Guangtian, the director of the Public Security Bureau of Dalian from 2000 to 2003. They talked about Bo Xilai and his wife's involvement in selling Falun Gong practitioners' corpses.[16]
Evidentiary line 4: Systematic involvement of the military, police, the judiciary and legal systems and hospitals across China in live organ harvesting[17]
The evidence includes but is not limited to:
Testimony from an armed guard who is an eyewitness to organ harvesting
Chen Qiang, a kidney broker who worked for the transplant division of the PLA 307 Hospital in Beijing, admitted that the authorities, the police and the prison system collude in trading organs snatched from Falun Gong practitioners. Chen said he could provide documents which prove the organs came from Falun Gong practitioners
Staff from the Intermediate People's Court of Jinzhou openly admitted that organs harvested from Falun Gong practitioners are available
Audio recordings of transplant doctors of more than 30 hospitals which confirm that organ donors were in fact detained Falun Gong practitioners
Chen Rongshan, Director of the Urology Department of PLA 205 Hospital, said that the courts are also involved in organ harvesting, and that he promises to not disclose using organs from Falun Gong practitioners in transplant operations
Evidence collected from 9,500 transplant doctors in 865 hospitals suspected of committing organ harvesting
1)Testimony from an armed guard who is an eyewitness of live organ harvesting
An armed police officer from Jinzhou city in Liaoning, who used to be an armed guard at a live organ-harvesting site, testified that he witnessed the entire process of organ harvesting from a Falun Gong practitioner. The guard told the investigator about this extreme abomination he had witnessed.
In 2002, the witness had been working for the public security (police) system of Liaoning Province and participated in the illegal arrests and torture of Falun Gong practitioners.
On April 9, 2002, in a surgery room on the 15th floor of the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, he saw a female Falun Gong practitioner in her 30s who had wounds and scars covering her entire body, the result of a week of torture, rape, and force-feeding. The Public Security Bureau of Liaoning province sent two military doctors, one from the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, PLA, and the other a graduate of the Second Military Medical University. They did not administer any anesthesia to the victim and extracted her heart, kidneys and other organs while she remained fully conscious, cold-bloodedly killing her in the process. During the entire process, the eyewitness was present and stood to one side as an armed guard.
Eyewitness: "The scalpel was held by the chest, when it cut into the victim, the blood gushed out, the blood gushed out."
Investigator: "Was the victim a man or a woman?"
Eyewitness: "A woman. A woman, a little over 30 years old. No anesthesia was used. They held the scalpel by her chest. Their hands did not tremble at all. If it were me, I would have trembled for sure. I might have served in the armed police force, I carried a gun and I participated in military exercises with real ammo. But when I saw those military doctors, I had to give it to them, their hands did not tremble at all. They just pulled up their masks and [the gurney] was pulled close. We each held a gun and stood to the side, guarding. The woman screamed…and shouted 'Falun Dafa is good.'"
Eyewitness: "There were more evil things. Anyway, I feel so sorry to her. Whenever I think of her at that moment, I feel very sorry,because I couldn't save her."
Eyewitness: "… they even extracted brains, I don't know for what purpose."
Investigator: "How many times did you witness organ harvesting?"
Eyewitness: "As an eyewitness, only once."
Investigator: "I reckon once was enough to frighten you."
Eyewitness: "After the first time, they never asked me again."
We released a part of the witness's recording, according to his wishes. One week after the phone interview, we called his office again, but his colleague said that he had stopping coming to work without giving any reason.
We hope the witness is alive and well, and that he will live to see the day the truth finally comes out. I hope that someday he can truly step forward and testify to the world what he's witnessed.
2) The PLA 307 Hospital in Fengtai, Beijing
Chen Qiang is a kidney broker who worked for the transplant division of the PLA 307 Hospital in Beijing. He admitted that officials, police, and the prison operate like an assembly line in trading organs harvested from Falun Gong practitioners. (Recording Download:MP3)
3) Intermediate People's Court of Jinzhou
A court officer from the first division of criminal law at the Intermediate People's Court of Jinzhou stated clearly,"If the conditions (referring to the prices) are good, we can provide organs of Falun Gong practitioners."(Recording Download: MP3)
4) Department of Urology at the PLA 205 Hospital in Jinzhou
Director of the Department of Urology Chen Rongshan admitted that donor organs come from detained Falun Gong practitioners, who went through the court …" (Recording Download: MP3.) Chen also guaranteed to keep the organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners secret.(Recording Download: MP3.)
5) Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University in Shanghai
A surgeon at the Liver Transplant Center offered consultation to an investigator posing as a patient.
Investigator: "Are there any organs from Falun Gong practitioners?"
Surgeon: "What we have here all belong to this type."
6) Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region (Recording Download: MP3.)
Investigator: "We found that kidneys from young donors are good. Another thing is that the kidneys from Falun Gong detainees are indeed better. Do you have this kind?"
Zhu: "We do not have many Falun Gong (practitioners') kidneys."
Investigator: "You still have some of this (kidneys from Falun Gong practitioner) kind?"
Zhu: "It is not difficult to find Type B kidney (Falun Gong practitioner's kidneys). If you want to come, we will do it pretty soon, definitely before May 1."
Investigator: "Do you have one batch prior to May 1?"
Zhu: "We will have several batches."
Investigator: "How about after May 1?"
Zhu: "If you wait until after May 1, it will be more likely to be around May 20."
Investigator: "If you could obtain Falun Gong (practitioners') kidney sources in this period of time, could you let me know?"
Zhu: "No problem, you come over and we can talk then..."
7) The Chinese Communist regime gave away relevant evidence, the crime of organ harvesting is undeniable
In 2008, the Chinese embassy in Canada released a TV program produced by Hong Kong Satellite TV in an attempt to deny the charges of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners.
In the program, Doctor Lu Guoping of Guangxi National Hospital's Urology Department admitted that he was the person who answered a phone call from a WOIPFG investigator on May 22, 2006. The state-controlled media unintentionally confirmed the validity of WOIPFG's phone investigation. (Recording Download: MP3)
Investigator: "Do you think they can find a donor body from Falun Gong (practitioners) for me?"
Lu: "If you go there it shouldn't be a problem at all."
Investigator: "They can find it?"
Lu: "I can tell you, it's an easy job for them to get organs."
Investigator: "Easy job?"
Lu: "Since they do seven or eight liver transplants a week, they can do over ten kidney transplants a week. Every month they do dozens of transplants. So they don't worry about getting organs."
Investigator: "Did your schoolmates tell you that they used organs from Falun Gong practitioners, did he?"
Lu: "Some are from Falun Gong (practitioners), some are donors from family."
Top surgeons from all over the country—from organ transplant centers in Beijing and Tianjin to those in Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangdong and Guangxi—clearly admit that Falun Gong practitioners were used as organ donors and guarantee that, in most cases, they can arrange the transplant within one or two weeks.
Table 9.1 20 Hospitals Admitted Using Falun Gong Practitioners' Organs in Phone Recordings[18]
Confirmation of Falun Gong practitioners as source
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) No. 307 Hospital
Chen Qiang, a surgeon at the hospital's transplant department and also a kidney broker, admitted that CCP officials, police and prison authorities orchestrate and operate the trade in Falun Gong practitioners' organs, and they could even provide identification information, proving that the organ donors were indeed Falun Gong practitioners.[19]
2. The People's Liberation Army No. 205 Hospital
Chen Rongshan, the head of the Urology Surgery Department admitted that the "donors" were detained Falun Gong practitioners, and this was done through the court.[20]
3. Tianjin First Central Hospital
Director Song said, "We have similar situations (Falun Gong practitioner organs)."[21]
4. Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai
A surgeon said, "What we have here all belong to this type [Falun Gong practitioners]."[22]
5. Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Shanghai First People's Hospital)
Surgeon Dai said, "There is one kind, the ones doing the practice. Their bodies are very good."[23]
6. Guangxi National Hospital
Urology transplant surgeon Lu Guoping admitted the hospital used Falun Gong practitioners as the source.[24]
7. Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
Falun Gong practitioners were used as the source for organs.[25]
8. General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region
Investigator: "If you could obtain Falun Gong [practitioner] kidney sources in this period of time, could you let me know?"
Surgeon Zhu Yunsong: "No problem, you come over and we can talk then."[26]
9. Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical University
Investigator: "What about kidney sources from prisoners who practice Falun Gong at your place?"
Doctor: "I would say not bad."[27]
10. Wuhan Tongji Hospital
Investigator: "Using supplies of live organs from Falun Gong (practitioners), is that okay?"
Answer: "It's not a problem."[28]
11. Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital
Investigator: "There are some livers that come from Falun Gong practitioners. So I want to know if you have this type or not?"
Doctor: "Um. You just need to come."[29]
12. Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region
Director Tang of the kidney transplant department said, "If it is available from Falun Gong, then we use it."[30]
13. First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University
Cardiovascular surgery department and research lab director Shen Zhenya said, "Falun Gong practitioners ... Yes, we also have those. We had one case this year…"[31]
14. The Second Artillery General Hospital
Lu Wei, deputy director of transplant department, "(We) still do (organ transplants) right now. In the past, we used Falun Gong donors."[32]
15. Beijing Anzhen Hospital
Deputy Chief Physician Zeng Wen of cardiac surgery department said, "I think you also know where the majority of donors come from. I think you know this very well, so we don't have to say it explicitly…"[33]
16. Second Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing Yuquan Hospital
Surgeon Li Honghui said they could provide Falun Gong practitioners' kidneys.[34]
17. Chengdu City Air Force Hospital
Director Xu Yahong said that there would be a batch of kidney donors in the middle of May 2006, and that the hospital could provide organs from young and healthy Falun Gong practitioners.[35]
18. Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province
Ophthalmology department doctor Liang Xianjun said, "The previous donors were from Falun Gong (practitioners) and condemned prisoners."[36]
19. Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College
A surgeon said that there would be a batch of organ donors coming to the hospital in mid-April, 2006. The practitioners had better health. The kidneys were from young people of 20-30 years old, with no infectious diseases, AIDS or syphilis.[37]
20. General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region
A doctor said, "Falun Gong practitioners? Oh, that has nothing to do with you. You just want to have a kidney transplant operation? Rest assured, (the donors) we have are all young guys in their 20s."[38]
1. Jiang Zemin personally signed an order to have the CCP Central Military Commission grant Wu Mengchao the honor of "Leading Medical Expert"and awarded Wu a first-class medal
According to CCP-controlled media, Jiang Zemin met with Wu Mengchao four times for having achieved breakthroughs in key liver transplant challenges, notably, the issue of liver transplant rejection. Wu holds the titles of director of the Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Chief Consultant of the Army Organ Transplant Conference, and is known as the "father of hepatobiliary surgery in China." Jiang personally signed an order to have the Central Military Commission grant Wu the honor of "Leading Medical Expert," and awarded Wu a first-class medal.[39]
For having solved problems regarding liver transplant rejection and other key issues during the peak period of live organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners, Wu Mengchao was given the 2005 Annual National Supreme Science and Technology Award.[40] On January 17, 2006, Sun Dafa, Political Commissar of the General Logistics Department, awarded 1 million yuan (US$153,000) to Wu on behalf of the Department.[41]
By 2010, Wu Mengchao had completed more than 4,000 liver transplantations. On Oct. 10, 2011, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of Health, the General Political Department, the General Logistics Department, and the Shanghai Municipal Committee jointly held a "General Assembly to Present the Meritorious Deeds of Comrade Wu Mengchao" in the Great Hall. Xu Caihou (former vice chairman of CPC Central Military Commission), Li Jinai (current director of the General Political Department), Liao Xilong (current director of the General Logistics Department) attended the event.[42]These three men are key figures in the military's involvement in organ harvesting.
2. Officials at different administrative levels support or get involved in the transplant industry
1) Zhang Gaoli, then vice secretary of Tianjin City Party Committee, visited a transplantation center and encouraged the center to "continue tapping into the advantage of organ transplantation."
From 2007 to 2012, Zhang Gaoli was the vice secretary of the Tianjin City Party Committee. The Organ Transplantation Center of Tianjin First Central Hospital is suspected of committing organ harvesting on a massive scale. This hospital allegedly conducts one third of all liver transplants in the entire country. On July 17, 2010, Zhang visited the center and encouraged its staff to "continue tapping into the advantage of organ transplantation."[43]
2) Han Qide, then Vice Chairman of the 11th National People's Congress, personally guided and established the Organ Transplantation Center of Peking University.
3)Meng Jianzhu, then Secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, supported the transplantation industry at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.[44]
4) Bo Xilai, then Secretary of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, is suspected of using Falun Gong practitioners to make plastinated bodies and conduct human experiments.
In our investigation, the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate and the legal systems, which were run by Luo Gan, then-Director of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (PLAC), and later by Zhou Yongkang, Luo's successor, are key agencies in the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners and in supplying "fresh human bodies."Both Bo Xilai and his wife Gu Kailai are primary suspects in these crimes.[45]
3.The military solves the issues of transplant rejection and organ preservation
1) Establish an early warning system for rejection and develop non-invasive diagnosis
Shi Bingyi, director of the Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA 309 Hospital, established a system giving early warning to rejection through non-invasive diagnosis, which has become an important diagnostic method in the case of acute rejection. This development is patented by the state. Shi also established the low-dose immunosuppressive program in conjunction with the traditional medicine program to combat rejection.[46]
In February 2012, during an interview with Xinhua net, Shi said the most important issue in organ transplants is organ preservation and its extended survival. "There are two solutions, one is stem cell transplants, another solution is to improve the regulatory immune cell network such as through regulatory T cells. The latter has a good effect for extended organ preservation and immune tolerance. This is one of the transplant medicine advances we have achieved that places us at the forefront of transplant medicine worldwide. "
2) China has 396 organ transplant-related patents
As we know, transplant surgery requires an organ preservation solution and patients rely on anti-rejection agents during the postoperative stage. With the surge in transplant volume in China, many have wondered why the overseas market hasn't seen a corresponding increase in demand for organ preservation solutions and anti-rejection agents. We found that many Chinese domestic transplant-related institutions began related research and development many years ago, and most transplant hospitals in China employ domestically developed products instead of relying on imports.
With regard to immunosuppressive drugs, Li Leishi, member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and director of the Institute of Nephrology Research of Nanjing Military General Hospital, found that Triptolide (monomer), the herbal extract of Tripterygium wilfordii, is an effective immunosuppressant, and has good efficacy in the treatment of acute rejection of kidney transplants.[47]Li Yantang, director of Department of Urology of the PLA General Hospital, and his student Qian Yeyong are also engaged in the research of tripterygium glycosides, a kidney suppressant made using Tripterygium wildfordii. Qian's research is part of the research carried out under the National Natural Science Foundation of China.[48] Qian was the first one to succeed in using this immunosuppressant in clinical organ transplantation.[49]
Our investigation shows that of the several hundred transplant-related patents half are anti-rejection drugs and preservation solutions. Since 1999, China has patented 396 organ transplant-related products, 253 of which are anti-rejection drugs, accounting for 68.9 percent. WOIPFG has obtained online copies giving overviews to all of these patents. The following is one of such transplant immunosuppressant patents by the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, which belongs to the Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA:
Figure 9.1 A patent for an immunosuppressant for organ transplants by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.
3) An archived webpage of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital showed "98 percent of Chinese hospitals use the organ preservation solution developed by our hospital"
Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University was one of the first hospitals to conduct kidney transplant surgeries. With the support of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Zhu Youhua, a member of the Military Organ Transplantation Institute, and his team led the way in finishing the research on the kidney and multi-organ preservation solution, and put it into clinical application for 20 years, so that China's research in this field is at the forefront in the world.[50] As displayed on Changzheng Hospital's archived webpage, "98 percent of Chinese hospitals use the organ preservation solution we've developed."[51]
This hospital has conducted a startling number of emergency liver transplants.The minimum waiting time for surgery was just four hours after the patient had been admitted. Zhu Youhua had personally completed 3,680 cases of kidney transplants by the end of 2010.[52]
Figure 9.2 Archived web page of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University
Military institutes, regional medical universities, hospitals and pharmaceutical institutes are also involved in this research and development. For example, the Organ Transplantation Institute of China Medical University has also taken part in the research and development of an organ preservation solution, and developed a kidney preservation solution. The institute claims it is at the forefront domestically in its research into organ preservation.[53]
We believe that such research, development and production of key transplant drugs are not initiated by the individual transplant centers themselves, but are instead dictated by the CCP as part of its support for carrying out nationwide organ harvesting.
4. Profiteering through bloody harvest
The General Logistics Department allocates donors to military hospitals and some local hospitals through multiple channels. Its operation model is paid directly in cash (foreign currency) when providing donors to the hospital, with the hospital self-financing the payout to the General Logistics Department. Military hospitals play a predominant role in carrying out transplant operations. Organs sold to local medical institutes are just for extra profit, with the wider aim to utilize local hospitals as advertising for overseas transplant patients. If military hospitals were the only ones performing transplant operations, the truth about organ harvesting would be easily uncovered.[54]
Since profits from transplants would not be accounted for in the military budget, and the layers of the organ harvesting system are maintained by the military, organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners and organ trafficking have become a way of making money with low costs, and military officials are benefitting directly from the General Logistics Department's budget.
For example, medical gross income of the organ transplant center of 309 Hospital, the "PLA Organ Transplant Center," named by General Logistics Department Ministry of Health, increased from 30 million yuan (US$4.5 million) in 2006 to 230 million yuan (US$34.6 million) in 2010, a 5-year growth of nearly 800 percent.[55]
In another example, Daping Hospital of the No.3 Military Medical University started performing organ transplants in the late 1990s, and the annual income of the hospital increased from 36 million yuan (US$5.4 million) to over 900 million yuan (US$135.5 million). This was an increase of 25 times the hospital's income in the 1990s.[56]
[1] (2014, Sept. 30). WOIPFG obtained new evidence: Jiang Zemin ordered the harvesting of organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplantation
[2]"WOIPFG's collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding to former central committee member Zeng Qinghong, former secretary of defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman GuoBoxiong" Published online October 21, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45053
[3]"WOIPFG" Zhang Gaoli Didn't Deny That Organ Harvesting From Living Falun Gong Practitioners Reached Millions
[4](2015, Jun. 16). WOIPFG'sInvestigationInto Zhang DejiangOnTheCCP'sOrganHarvestingFrom Living Falun Gong Practitioners
[5]"Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party" Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241
[7] (2014, Oct. 21). WOIPFG's collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding former Central Committee member Zeng Qinghong, former Secretary of Defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman GuoBoxiong.
[9](2012, May. 1).WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting.
[10] (2015, Jul. 27). WOIPFG Zhou Benshun Recognized The CCP's Crimes of Organ Harvesting From Living Falun Gong Practitioners.
[11](2012, May. 1).WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting
[15] (2013, Sept. 11). Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
[18] (2016, Jan. 7), (Updated 2016, Feb. 4). Chapter 2: Harvesting organs from Falun Gong practitioners are state-sanctioned crimes initiated by Jiang Zemin and directed by the CCP [WOIPFG's Investigation Report on the CCP's State-sanctioned Crime of Harvesting Organs from Falun Gong Practitioners on a Massive Scale]
[24](2013, Sept. 11). Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
[30](2012, May. 29).WOIPFG Investigative report on the role of Chinese Military and Armed Police hospitals in forced organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners.
[31] (2015, Aug. 24). Latest report from the WOIPFG: Falun Dafa practitioners are still being killed for organs.
[34](2006, May. 3).Military hospitals openly admit transplant organs come from Falun Gong practitioners. (Audio recordings included)
Retrieved from: http://www.clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2006/5/3/72773.html
[36] (2015, May. 5). New evidence of live organ harvesting: doctor in Guangdong admitted donor source is Falun Gong practitioners. Epoch Times.
Retrieved from: http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/15/5/5/n4427065.html
[37] (2006 Apr), (Updated 2006, Apr. 22 and May. 1). Investigative report on harvesting organs from living Falun Gong practitioners all over China.
[39](2012, Oct. 27). Jiang Zemin met Wu Mengchao four times. CPC News Website.
Retrieved from http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2012/0827/c85037-18843681-5.html
[40]Wu MengChao received Supreme Science and Technology Award. National Office for Science & Technology Awards.
Retrieved from: http://www.nosta.gov.cn/web/detail.aspx?menuID=135&contentID=772
[41] (2006, Jan. 18). Sun Dafa presented awards to Wu Mengchao. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China website.
Retrieved from: http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-01/18/content_162131.htm
[42] (2011, May. 11). General Assembly to Present the Meritorious Deeds of Comrade Wu Mengchao.People's Daily.
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2011-05/11/nw.D110000renmrb_20110511_2-01.htm
[43] (2010, Jul, 25). Hua Jianmin, President of the Red Cross Society of China, visits the organ transplant center at Tianjin First Central Hospital.
WOIPFG archived link: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_0201.png
[44] Introduction of the ogan transplant division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
[45] (2012, Nov. 13), (Updated 2013, Jul. 23). WOIPFG: An investigative report on the source of human cadavers used in the plastination industry in China.
[46] (2012, Feb. 6). Exclusive interview with Shi Bingyi, director of Organ Transplant Center of 309th Hospital: we should continue to innovate with regard to organ transplant. Xinhua Web.
Retrieved from: http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2012-02/06/c_122659053.htm
[47]Li Leishi – meritorious deeds, Vice President of Nanjing General Hospital. Chinese Medical Association Network.
Retrieved from: http://2009.cmda.net/News/huodongzhuanti/zhongguoyishijiangpingxuan/diliujieyishijiangzhibo/huojiangyishi/2009-11-10/529.html
[48]Li Yantang. List of Specialists, the PLA General Hospital.
http://www.301hospital.com.cn/web/showexpertintro/71/230.html?height=400&width=620
[49] Qian Yeyong. List of Physicians, the PLA 309 Hospital website.
Retrieved from: http://309mnk.cnkme.com/doctors/show/2537
[50]Profile of Zhu Youhua. Shanghai Changzheng Hospital.
Retrieved from: http://zyouh.u.yynet.cn/intro.php
[51]Introduction of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital.
https://web.archive.org/web/20101112022856/http://www.shczyy.com/chpage/c144/doclist.htm
[52]Ren Quan, Dong Yueqing. (2010, Sep. 11). ZHU Youhua of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital: conqueror of kidney, the art of the practice.
Retrieved from: http://www.shenyounet.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-3838
[53] Profile of Liu Yongfeng. Baidu Encyclopedia.
Retrieved from: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/2362342/8812414.htm
[54] (2015, Jan. 15). Forced live organ harvesting in China is State-orchestrated and militarized. Minghui.
Retrieved from (English): http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2015/1/15/147973.html
[55] (2010, Nov. 17). Introduction of theOrganTransplant Center at PLA 309 Hospital.
[56](2009, May. 11).DapingHospital's Changes in 30 years- annual revenue increased from 1 million yuan to 900 million yuan. Find a Doctor Network.
Retrieved from: http://news.xywy.com/news/news-zhanhui/jbd/hydt/20090511/477579.html


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Home Sport Article
CYCLING: Gough's welcome return to form
By Jeremy Ransome
jeremy.ransome@iliffepublishing.co.uk
Published: 15:00, 21 June 2019
| Updated: 15:25, 21 June 2019
It was a successful weekend for Velo-One Cycling at the first of the 2019 season's Lincolnshire RRA Time Trial Championship events.
The team, who race to raise awareness of Type 1 Diabetes and the charity JDRF, had five riders taking to the start line for the 50 mile event and secured their 10th LRRA team title since forming just over three years ago.
After an indifferent start to this season, the race saw a welcome return to form for Antony Gough. After seven individual podiums in LRRA Championship events since 2016, his time of 1:55:00 was enough to finally secure an individual title for the first time.
Velo-One off to a flying start at 50 Mile Championship (12773322)
The victorious Velo-One team also included Matt Elworthy 7th (2:01:22); Graham Wright (Velo-One) 8th 2:04:21; Sam Marshall 15th (2:13:37) and Loz Staples 22nd (2:23:03).
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


← What did the Trump campaign know and when did it know it? Is the Russian hacking investigation ongoing?
Come on, people, it won't work. Laughter, mockery and good cheer are a more effective antidote. Make a plan and do not presume to issue answers.
The problem we face is wrongly characterized. We need a strategy. A newspaper wrongly described the entity's response to John Lewis as "a feud." This was not a feud. It was a judgement by a great American statesman, followed by a predictable response from the entity. John Lewis need not respond.
The entity you are addressing feeds on your anger and outrage. The entity is happy that you are offended and does not care.
In Star Trek (original, Captain Kirk, third season, episode seven), just such an entity was discovered in the realm of a human colony on Beta XII-A. "A glowing entity of pure energy" had destroyed the settlement on Beta XII-A and proceeded to take over the Enterprise.
It took some time before Captain Kirk realized that the entity was provoking anger and outrage among the crew. It had already destroyed the planet below.
The captain convinced his crew to begin to joke and laugh loudly, fight off angry emotions.
The entity lost power, skulked away and the ship was saved. Too late, though, for the planet.
In the meantime, don't bother to respond to the entity's tweets or to treat it as you would treat other Earthlings.
And laugh along with Alec Baldwin and others who have gotten the idea.
Beam me up, Eisner. You've shown the way. To invoke another classic, "The Wizard of Oz," laughter and ridicule, the two things he can't stand, may have the same effect on DT as water did on the Wicked Witch of the West, and he'll melt.


A Story of Reconciliation... With Mathematics!
Here is a very good idea proposed by our Buzzmath expert, Simon Lavallée, on how to introduce decimals to your students. An idea used in Valérie Lebel's classroom, a Math resource teacher at Dollard-des-Ormeaux school of the Central Québec School Board in Canada.
In my two previous articles—Fraction Number Sense and Adding Fractions, Demystified, I showed you how the ideas of activities used by Valerie could offer a material supported version of various mathematical concepts to provide a pictorial model to your students and thus, facilitate their understanding of fractions.
Today, I continue our explorations by looking at decimal numbers.
This time, Valérie proposes to use the bars first, emphasizing that the white bar represents 1/10 of the orange bar.
Then, she introduces the blocks: 10 orange bars or 100 units. In the 5th and 6th grade, we can also use blocks of a 1000 units. She begins with the bloc to represent the unit. Thus, the bar becomes a tenth since it takes ten bars to form a whole and the unit becomes a hundredth as one hundred units enter in the block. Got it? It is a simple enough idea, isn't it? Somebody just had to think of it!
I hope that this series of articles concerning Valérie Lebel's classroom activities for introducing fractions at the primary level will have been useful to you. Don't hesitate to tell me in the comments section if you have tested them in class and what you thought of them and also, to share your suggestions and other techniques! I'm listening!


text:
hello@bamboo.tech 01242 246 700
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Why Bamboo
My week with the Bamboo team
My name is Callum and I am a student in year 12 at Pates Grammar School. I am currently undertaking my A-Levels in the following subjects: mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.
With a keen interest in the world of technology, I decided to carry out my work experience at a technology company. Bamboo Technology Group is involved with a plethora of other companies which I felt would be a great way to get insight into the world of work.
During my time at Bamboo I worked across a number of departments such as billing, tech and customer service, this provided the opportunity to increase my knowledge about the company and the sector of work as a whole.
I got to see how customer service receive requests from customers and partners and how these are actioned, this could be anything from a port to raising a fault to requesting a change in tariff or buying an absurd number of iPhones. You could literally see the process take place, from when the request came in to how it was then filtered through to the right departments like a conveyor belt – which was really cool to see.
In billing I was able to see how the requests from downstairs at customer service would be received and entered into the system to begin charging the customer. The team took me through the different types of reporting they do and what the process was for port outs, migrates and disconnections.
The Tech Team
One of my favourite departments was tech, which functioned like customer service, where they received call requests from customers, but specifically about tech issues. It was interesting to see how they would work their magic to get the customers systems back up and running again. They also had a lot of knowledge about computers which is a subject that I am really interested in and was cool talking to them about all the nerdy stuff.
Bamboo incorporated a high level of professionalism whilst maintaining a relaxed atmosphere which I felt was a perfect working environment. Thanks to all the of the amazing employees, it was great as I got a glimpse of what it is like to work in the tech sector, which has only increased my passion for the subject even further – I've really enjoyed my week here.
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Blues guitarist Jon Gordon Langseth Jr., known by his stage name Jonny Lang, is an American blues, gospel, and rock singer and songwriter, as well as a recording artist. Born on January 29, 1981, in Fargo, North Dakota, Lang started playing the guitar at the age of twelve after he went to see the Bad Medicine Blues Band. He soon began taking lessons from the Bad Medicine Blues Band's guitar player, Ted Larsen, and joined the band several months later, which got renamed to Kid Jonny Lang & the Big Bang. In 1996 blues guitarist Lang was signed to A&M Records. His second album Wander This World, released in 1998, earned a Grammy nomination, and his newest album Turn Around, released in 2006, won Lang his first Grammy Award.


Custom Cars Corp is your one stop shop for repairs, restorations and purchases. No matter where you are, we will pick up your ride or deliver to you your new ride! We take great pride and use great care with every project, no matter how big or small. Our staff will help you create and customized to satisfy your taste and vision.
Our customer service staff at Casino Cars Corp will see you through from beginning to end with all customizations, from financing to delivery.


And don't sleep on their beer list, featuring an impressive lineup of Midwestern craft brews.
Forget what you thought you knew about pub grub at this dark rock 'n' roll–themed tavern. Yes, it serves a solid burger—dripping with aged cheddar and bacon jam—but the menu's gems are Matt Troost's seasonal dishes, a showcase of local farms featuring beautifully plated housemade pastas and sophisticated meaty entrées. Sure, there are missteps (bland Brussels sprouts swimming in oil and a lamb sausage pizzetta overwhelmed by pickled peppers), but this "bar food" rivals far fancier—and pricier—joints in town. Impressive lineup of Midwestern craft beers and Taylor Street's best outdoor patio.


Cancellations must be made by e-mail to the event organizer at least one week prior to the event. No-shows will be billed.
The Pittsburgh Section of the ASCE Geo-Institute presents our 2019 short course, "Practical Aspects of Tunnel Design and Construction" with lecturers including Dr. Michael A. Mooney from the Colorado School of Mines and Dr. Conrad W. Felice of C.W. Felice, LLC.


Gangotri Gangajal is put through multiple stages of purification before being packed for use. Strict hygiene conditions are maintained. Gangotri Gangajal contains minerals such as magnesium sulphate and potassium bicarbonate which are essential minerals for healthy living. They not only maintain the pH balance of the body but also help in keeping you fit and energetic at all times. Gangotri Gangajal is free of impurities and 100% safe. Enjoy the taste of Purity! It is most commonly used in religious ceremonies.


figures were likely to show a higher casualty rate than 2001.
a day - were killed or injured by mines and UXO between January and December 2002.
One in three were children.
figure would increase by around 30 people as information came in from outlying provinces.
Worner said the most worrying trend was the increase in the numbers injured by UXO.
UXO, or use the explosives for fishing.
... were soldiers and they all have some training. These guys don't see it as dangerous.
Then they pick up something and it goes bang."
"When you have the problem that villagers don't tell anyone, what can you do?"
issue. When they have food, then they won't use the explosives."
on new tracts of land.
are going into heavily mined land."
recently helped introduce Mine Risk Reduction Teams to high-risk areas.
to villagers' lives and livelihoods.
"The overall aim is to reduce the casualty rates in high casualty areas,"
by as much as 50 percent by 2005.
wounded but did not lose a limb.
for 61 percent of the casualties, women 6 percent, and children 33 percent.


Conveniently situated, three generous bedrooms, large driveway, double glazing and central heating. Garage, easy to maintain level gardens. Viewing essential.
This ideally situated three bedroom home enjoys an excellent position tucked away within this quiet residential area. Standing behind a large tar macadam driveway the property has a part integral garage and at the rear easy to maintain level gardens. Internally the accommodation requires some updating but has been well maintained and benefits from central heating and double glazing.
There are level rear gardens.


SK28NW BRADFIELD SUGWORTH ROAD (east side) 12/104 Sugworth Hall II Farmhouse now country home. C17 core extensively reworked C19, with c1930 tower wing, probably by E. Vincent Harris, for Charles Boot. Coursed, squared sandstone and gritstone, the earlier work of superior finish, some later work herringbone-tooled. Stone slate roofs, ashlar stacks. L-shaped C17 range with hall wing to right and crosswing to rear projecting to left, the angle infilled, and with tower to rear right. 2 storeys with 3-storey tower. Entrance front: 3 first floor windows. C17 gabled bay to right has double-chamfered mullion windows, on ground floor of 3 lights, and of 2 lights covered by C20 lead sundial, all under continuous dripmould; and on 1st floor of 5 lights under hoodmould. Panel above, carved with lion and crossed hatchets and the motto 'DEO NON FORTUNA' under dripstone. Late C19 part to left has 2-storey projecting gabled bay with mullion and transom windows and on its right a projecting single-storey porch with panelled door under Tudor-arched fanlight with carved spandrels. Single-light window above porch. Ground floor dripmould continues from C17 bay. Moulded kneelers and gable copings. Corniced stack to left end and to ridge of hall wing. Right return: Original baffle-entry door to left has arched lintel. 2-storey bay added to right. Continuous dripmould raised over door. Tower to right has embattled corner turret with well-dressed oriel balcony, 2-storey canted bay with mullion and transom windows to rear, and flat roof. Interior: C17 hall: spliced spine beam indicates position of baffle-entry against former smoke hood and heck wall, and correlates to door in right wall. C20 wing attached to rear left corner of range not of special interest.


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Analysis of Projected Outcompetition of Any Two North American Species of Vegetation
Gary Boba, Western Washington University
Aquila Flower
Outcompetition of species naturally occurs in all ecosystems when two species come into geographical contact and attempt to occupy the same niche. One species is more effective at competing for a resource, and forces the other out of the region. In areas where outcompetition goes unmonitored, invasive species can dominate an entire ecosystem and significantly reduce biological diversity. In this study, I identified an invasive species, Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan Blackberry), and a recessive species, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), whose saplings suffer from sunlight deprivation in areas dominated by blackberry. Using current species distribution data these species, I determined climate-limited factors restricting the regions in which these species live, and found where these species could exist in the future, given particular emission scenarios. I then performed area-overlap analysis on the resulting distribution models to estimate where these two species could be interacting in the future, and how much area Douglas fir would be losing due to interactions with blackberry. The results combined the effects of climate change with the projected distribution of Himalayan Blackberry to show the resulting projected area of Douglas fir in North America. Finally, using these results as a proof-of-concept, I recreated this process as a GIS tool, with open inputs and parameters. This means that any ecologist or biologist concerned about the future interactions of two species can quickly analyze projected interspecies competition and determine if a region might suffer from diminished biodiversity in the future.


The insurance industry loss estimate from hurricane and post-tropical storm Sandy rose again last week. Still, the impact on reinsurers, reinsurance-linked funds and any catastrophe bonds is unclear. As always, you can read every market news story and article on the Artemis news blog, subscribe to our weekly email newsletter update and for your convenience here are the ten most popular news articles from the last seven days on Artemis.
As is to be expected after a natural catastrophe event with the size and reach of hurricane and post-tropical storm Sandy, the estimates of insurance industry losses keep rising. This is typical of a complex, never seen in recent times, catastrophe event.
CATCo Investment Management, the specialist Bermuda based reinsurance-linked investment business that manages around $2 billion of retrocessional reinsurance portfolios for its clients, has commuted a portion of its losses from the Costa Concordia marine disaster according to a stock exchange announcement.
Normally by this stage of the month we have a pretty good idea how insurance-linked security and catastrophe bond funds have performed in the prior month, but this time Sandy has muddied the waters somewhat.
For some institutional and professional investors the occurrence of hurricane Sandy at this time, and the large insurance and reinsurance industry loss that the event will no doubt cause, has the effect of making the sector an even more attractive place to invest.
After the big decline in secondary market catastrophe bond prices seen in the week after hurricane Sandy made landfall we thought it would be good to catch up on the Swiss Re Cat Bond Performance Indices again to see how the last seven days had affected them.
The completion of French reinsurer SCOR's latest catastrophe bond deal, Atlas Reinsurance VII Limited, last week was it turns out a first for the market, according to financial law firm Walkers Ireland.
A new investment management firm, formed this year and headquartered in New York, is launching two reinsurance-linked investment funds targeting investors looking for either a medium yield or high yield approach to reinsurance investing.
Swiss based Twelve Capital, who operate a number of investment funds and opportunities in insurance-linked securities, catastrophe bonds, private ILS and subordinated insurance bonds, have added two new hires to help strengthen its portfolio risk analysis capabilities and operations management.
There are interesting rumours floating around the market today after the Bermuda Royal Gazette said in this article that reinsurer Montpelier Re is planning to launch a London listed retrocessional reinsurance investment fund.
In a move which was to be expected, rating agency Standard & Poor's have downgraded one aggregate class of notes issued in USAA's Residential Reinsurance 2011 Ltd. (Series 2011-1) catastrophe bond transaction as a result of the qualifying losses caused by hurricane Sandy.


text:
NCAAM: Way Too Early Final Four Preview
Basketball Feb 25th, 2019 by Patrick Carter
The Final Four is the culmination of the greatest sporting event on earth, the NCAA Men's Basketball tournament. Over three hundred teams compete all season long for a chance to hear their names called on Selection Sunday. Sixty-eight teams enter, and it all comes down to the Final Four to decide the national champion.
2019 March Madness Winner Prediction
Get Smarter with Our College Basketball Betting Strategy Guide
Even though Selection Sunday is still a couple of weeks away, it's never too early to start speculating which teams will make it to the third weekend of the madness that is March. In this article, I will break down the four teams that I think will advance, while also giving you a couple of favorites you may want to stay away from and adding in a couple of longshots that could make a deep run if things break their way. Let's get started!
Here I will highlight teams that, while not ranked highly, have the talent to make a run to the Final Four. These are the teams that will shock the nation and win you your bracket pool when they make it all the way to the third weekend. In order to be considered a longshot, these teams must be projected to be higher than a top-four seed, meaning they will be underdogs in their first-round matchups.
Kansas State Wildcats (21-6)
The Kansas State Wildcats are currently projected as a six seed by ESPN's resident bracketologist Joe Lunardi. So, while they won't be a huge longshot like the other team on this list, they are going to surprise a lot of people if they make a deep run. So, why Kansas State? Well, first off, they nearly made the Final Four last year as a nine seed, so they have shown they can play well in March as a high seed.
The Wildcats were the recipients of some good luck in last year's tournament as they got to face sixteen-seeded UMBC in the second round rather than the number one overall seed, Virginia, who was upset in the first round. But they proved they were no first-round fluke by beating a very talented Kentucky team in the Sweet 16 before falling to the team of destiny, Loyola-Chicago in the Elite Eight.
This year, the Wildcats brought back nearly all of that team, and many expected them to compete for the Big 12 regular season title. They lost senior leader Dean Wade to injury at the start of Big 12 play, and without their best player on the floor, they suffered two of their three conference losses.
But with just a small handful of games left on the schedule, including a trip to Lawrence to face the Jayhawks, the Wildcats are in prime position to snap Kansas' fourteen-year streak of consecutive Big 12 regular season titles.
If that doesn't make the Wildcats legit threats to win it all, I don't know what does. K-State is finally healthy, and they are peaking at the right time as they have won eleven out of their last thirteen games. If this team stays healthy, watch out. They have the talent and tournament experience to go all the way.
South Dakota State Jackrabbits (23-7)
Now we are talking a real longshot! The Jackrabbits of South Dakota State have an upperclassman led attack, and they have grown accustomed to making the tournament as they have gone dancing the last three years out of the Summit League. The Jackrabbits are led by prolific scorer, Mike Daum. Daum just became the tenth player ever to score 3,000 career points. If Daum were playing anywhere but the basketball purgatory that is South Dakota, he would be a lock for national player of the year. The big man is filling up the stat sheet with twenty-six points, twelve rebounds, and two assists per game.
This basket put Mike Daum in the 3,000 point club! pic.twitter.com/ubLgOXgCnG
— JackrabbitBasketball (@GoJacksMBB) 23 February 2019
And while Daum is grabbing all the headlines, and deservedly so, it isn't a one-man show at South Dakota State. The Jackrabbits feature two other legit stars in the making in David Jenkins Jr. and Skyler Flatten. Both of those guys are scoring more than fifteen points a game. When it comes to offense, not many do it better than the Jackrabbits. They are currently ranked second in the nation in points scored, and they are top ten in field goal percentage, free throw percentage, and three-point percentage.
When you're looking for a team that can wins games as a double-digit seed in the tournament, teams that can score that ball at a high rate are the ones you want to focus in on. This team can drop a hundred points on any given night, and when you're playing teams that have more top to bottom talent than you have, the three-point shot can be the great equalizer. And this team shoots it from deep as well as any team in the country. Whoever draws the Jackrabbits in round one needs to be on upset alert!
Teams to Stay Away from
In this section, I will highlight a couple teams, that while they have all the makings of a Final Four team, I just don't think they will get the job done. If you have these teams going deep in your bracket, you're going to regret it.
I know I am going to get flamed for this one, but I am just not a believer in this team. What Tony Bennet has done in Charlottesville has really been remarkable. He has turned the Cavs into a national powerhouse. The problem is, he just can't seem to win in March. We all know about how spectacularly the Cavaliers blew it last year, as they were the first ever one seed to lose to a sixteen seed in the first round. But really, the struggles go deeper than last year for Virginia.
Since 2014, Virginia has been a one seed three times, a two seed once, and a five seed. And despite the fact that they have always been one of the best teams in the country, they have never gone to the Final Four under Bennet. The last time Virginia went to the Final Four, Ralph Sampson was still on the court.
I can talk on and on about how this team is different, how they have seemingly finally figured out how to play on offense after years of being a defense only team. But in the end, I just can't trust Bennet to get it done in the tournament. Until Bennet can get the monkey off his back, I just can't confidently back the Cavs. Stay away from Virginia when you are filling out your bracket.
Coming into this season, it looked like the Spartans would be the class of the Big 10. But injuries have caused this team to come back to the pack. Tom Izzo has been known to overachieve in the tournament, but I just don't think this team is as good as they are being rated right now.
The loss of leader Joshua Langford was a devastating blow for Sparty. Langford was looking like a Big 10 player of the year candidate before going down with a season-ending injury in late January.
Since his injury, the Spartans are just 4-3, with two of those losses coming to Illinois and Indiana: Two teams that aren't going to sniff an at-large bid. This team is very well coached, and they do all the little things right. They are top six in the country in rebounds, assists, blocks, and assists to turnover ratio. But in the end, I just don't think they have the manpower for a Final Four trip with the loss of Langford. It breaks my heart to bet against Tom Izzo, but if you have them going to the Final Four, they're going to bust your bracket.
In this final section, I will reveal the four teams that I think will make it all the way to Minneapolis for this year's Final Four.
When Zion Williamson's shoe exploded just seconds into the biggest game of the year for Duke, many hearts stopped in Durham. Williamson is a generational level talent, and if he can get back healthy and stay on the floor, the Blue Devils are the prohibitive favorites to take home the national title. If you want to know just how loaded this team is right now, just take a look at ESPN's current NBA draft projections. They have three of the top four players, and four of the top twenty-five.
Coming into the season, the question was, is this the best recruiting class ever? And now that we have seen what this team looks like on the floor, the answer to that is a resounding yes.
The only cause for concern here would be the health of Williamson, and how the team has performed without him. They got blown out on their home court by North Carolina, and then followed that up with a gutty performance on the road against Syracuse, picking up a hard-fought win in front of the biggest on-campus crowd in NCAA history.
Assuming Zion gets back on the court before the season ends, you can pencil the Blue Devils into your Final Four with confidence. If for some reason Zion can't make it back, or he chooses to sit out the rest of the season? Well, this team still has three of the top players in the country, and a Hall of Fame coach that has won more basketball games than any coach in history. So, yeah, I like them either way.
The Zags have had similar injury issues as Duke, as their best player, Killian Tillie, has missed almost the entire season. The big man from France, one of the few holdovers from the Zags run to the national finals two years ago, gave Gonzaga what I see as the best backcourt in the country. But Gonzaga still managed to knock off Duke in the Maui Invitational finals without him, and there is some talk that Tillie could rejoin the team for the postseason.
The Zags have the best offense in the country, and really, it's not even close. They can score inside or outside, in the paint or beyond the arc. They lead the nation in points per game at over ninety a contest, and they have the highest team field goal percentage in the country as well at over 53%. The Zags have made the tournament for twenty consecutive seasons, so this entire roster understands what it means to play and win in March.
Mark Few was a lot like Tony Bennet at Virginia, always the bridesmaid, never the bride. But that all changed when Few led Gonzaga to the Final Four two years ago.
This is the best team they have ever had in Spokane, and this could be the year the Bulldogs finally break through with a national title.
The one knock on Gonzaga is the fact that their league, the WCC, isn't very good this year, and they haven't played an elite team in months. But that is always the case for this team, and it hasn't stopped them from having tournament success in the past, so I won't hold it against them now.
LSU Tigers (22-5)
The SEC has really emerged as one of the best basketball leagues in the land in the last couple of years. Once known as only a football conference, the SEC is more than holding its own on the national stage in basketball as well. In my estimation, there are three teams that are legit Final Four contenders in the SEC this year: Kentucky, Tennessee, and LSU. Trying to separate these teams has been tough as all three of them could very well win the national title.
Why did I go with the Tigers over the other 2 well-deserving teams?
Momentum. In the last two weeks, the Tigers have beaten both Kentucky and Tennessee. This team started out a little bit slow with early season losses to Florida State, Oklahoma State, and Houston. But since then, this team has been rampaging through the SEC. The Tigers are 12-2 in SEC play, which is good for a three-way tie atop the standings.
The Tigers don't have the NBA lottery talent like the other teams in my Final Four, but they do have a lot of talent. LSU has four players averaging at least ten points per game, and they play a full eight-man rotation nightly. While this isn't the most conventional of picks, I think it's the right one. The easy way out would have been to pick Kentucky or Tennessee, two teams that have spent most of the season ranked in the top ten. But what is the easiest isn't always the best. Geaux Tigers!
When the Kansas Jayhawks opened the season as the number one team in the country, nobody batted an eye. This team was loaded with talent, and it seemed like it was a foregone conclusion that they would win yet another Big 12 title and hit the tournament as a one seed. Things haven't worked out exactly as planned for Bill Self's team though, as they lost big man Udoka Azubuike for the year with an injury, and the losses are starting to pile up.
When you glance at the Jayhawks 20-7 record, it screams mediocrity. But when you dig a little deeper and realize that Kansas has the toughest strength of schedule of any team in the nation, that record starts to look pretty good.
Kansas has wins over Marquette, Tennessee, Vermont, Michigan State, Wofford, Villanova, TCU, Iowa State, and Texas Tech. There might not be another team in the country that can tout that many quality wins.
And yeah, they did have some losses, but when you play the schedule that Kansas has played, it must be expected. Can Kansas lose to inferior teams? Yes, they most certainly can. They showed that when they lost to West Virginia, Texas, and Arizona State. But there aren't many teams in the country that can beat really good teams like this Jayhawks team can. I think Bill Self figures things out and brings his boys back to the promise land.
And here they are, my picks for the 2019 NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four! A couple of these picks were no brainers, as Duke and Gonzaga have both been in the top three all season long. And a couple of them were a bit of a gamble. When the brackets are finally released, we will be able to break this down even further, but when you're filling out your brackets, keep an eye on these teams. Good luck, and happy betting the rest of the way out!


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Behind the scenes look into Worship Live's new album
April 13, 2019October 30, 2019By Seth Lemmon
A detailed insight on what went into the making of Worship Live's Breath of Heaven album
Students of North Central University were given the opportunity earlier this semester to be part of the recording for the upcoming Worship live album "Breath of Heaven." However, most students don't know the countless hours that go into writing songs, finding musicians, producing the music, and the other work that it takes to make an album.
In an interview with Jeff Deyo, the worship arts specialist here at North Central, the Northerner was able to find out how much time and work it takes to produce an album.
The process starts at what Jeff calls "creative fridays," a space and time set out for any North Central student interested in songwriting, whether music majors or not can come and work with other students hoping to do the same. These "creative fridays" are the driving force behind the songs for the worship live album, with some of the songs being written as far back as 2017.
After refining the songs into the best that they can be, they chose a time in chapel to set up all the gear necessary to record, and then for the next few days perform and record every part of the song. But even with the songs being performed and recorded live in chapel, there are some aspects of it that have to be redone in a studio. Once it's back in the studio, they re-record anything that may have not sounded perfect live, sometimes a guitar, or piano but specifically they will re-record lead vocals.
"It's very difficult to get a high quality vocal take while recording live," said Deyo.
But, even with the touch ups that are done after the initial recording, most of the album that you hear will truly be live.
Another unique aspect that comes with involving students in the process is how each album has a different sound.
North Central has done something distinct with the way they've chosen to produce these Worship live albums. Having students be the main part of this albums song writing gives insight into the heart of North Central's community. It would potentially be easier and less time consuming to bring in people who do this for a living, but it would also sacrifice the North Central community's unique voice. The main audience of this album is going to be North Central students after all, and even the students who weren't up on stage or behind the scenes writing made this album possible, and if they showed up to chapel on the days they recorded then they'll be on the album too, since they also had crowd mics recording during the songs to include the congregation.
As of right now there is no official release date, but the hope is to have it ready by late May or early June, with the live videos taken in chapel to follow in the coming months.
Jeff Deyo, sliderblog, Worship Album, Worship Live
Previous PostPresident Hagan outlines future building plan for North CentralNext PostRecapping of North Central's Mr. NCU 2019
December 10, 2019January 8, 2020
English Professor Leslie Evens Retires
After 38 years of teaching poetry, grammar, literature, and writing classes, Professor Evens is retiring from North Central Professor Leslie...
November 15, 2017November 8, 2019
Women's soccer kicking their way to new goals
North Central's women's soccer team is coached by Andrew Cameron, a class of 2010 alumni that has since been heavily involved in women's soccer. For being his second year as head coach, he derived a new system of play for the women to take on the 2017 season. Continuing this new system will build a solid foundation for those whom he is recruiting as a future Ram.


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Fousseni Diabaté (Aubervilliers, 18 oktober 1995) is een Malinees-Frans voetballer die doorgaans speelt als aanvaller. In juli 2022 verruilde hij Trabzonspor voor Partizan.

Clubcarrière
Diabaté speelde in de jeugd van Stade Rennais en Stade de Reims, waarna hij bij die laatste club in het tweede elftal terechtkwam. Hierna speelde hij twee seizoenen voor de reserves van EA Guingamp, alvorens hij bij Gazélec Ajaccio ging spelen in de zomer van 2017. In de eerste helft van het seizoen 2017/18 kwam de aanvaller tot achttien competitieoptredens, waarvan zeventien als basisspeler. In deze wedstrijden wist hij tot drie doelpunten te komen. In januari 2018 werd Diabaté voor circa twee miljoen euro overgenomen door Leicester City. Bij de Engelse club zette hij zijn handtekening onder een verbintenis voor de duur van vierenhalf jaar. Een jaar na zijn komst verhuurde Leicester City de aanvaller voor een halfjaar aan Sivasspor. Hierna werd hij ook verhuurd aan Amiens, voor Trabzonspor de aanvaller kocht in september 2020. Hier werd hij achtereenvolgens verhuurd aan Göztepe en medio 2021 aan Giresunspor. Na afloop van deze verhuurperiode mocht hij van Trabzonspor definitief vertrekken en Partizan nam hem hierop over.

Clubstatistieken

Bijgewerkt op 15 juli 2022.

Referenties

Malinees voetballer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Shakespeare Under the Stars
Paul Kosidowski June 14, 2014
Culture Club 0
Is The Winter's Tale one of Shakespeare's "problem plays"? I've never thought so. Jealousy pushed to its maddening limits? A heart-splitting and magical final scene of generosity and redemption? Some of the lushest, most beautiful, love poetry this side of Keats? No problem for me. And some of the play's many treasures are on vivid […]
Is The Winter's Tale one of Shakespeare's "problem plays"? I've never thought so. Jealousy pushed to its maddening limits? A heart-splitting and magical final scene of generosity and redemption? Some of the lushest, most beautiful, love poetry this side of Keats? No problem for me. And some of the play's many treasures are on vivid display in the Optimist Theatre's new production, playing this month at Kadish Park.
It starts as tragedy–as relentless and single-minded as Shakespeare ever concocted. Leontes is convinced of his wife Hermione's infidelity with his best friend, and will listen to no one—not even Apollo's oracle—who contradicts him. The tragic results send him on a 16-year journey of remorse and piety. And after that time, we meet up with various characters in the story in a rustic kingdom far far away.
That's enough plot for now—there are interesting surprises ahead. But the nature and quality of the Optimist production is no surprise. It's bare-bones, but intelligent and solid in the fundamentals. Director ML Cogar does what she can with the park's postage-stamp stage and the hillside space's unwieldy logistics. And she succeeds primarily by helping generate some fine performances. Tom Reed plays the jealous Leontes with steely intensity, which yields some emotional riches in the play's final moments. As his suspected friend, Polixenes, Mark Corkins captures the warmth of their lifelong relationship, but also the character's hot-blooded temper. Mary Kababik is an appropriately imperial Paulina. Emmitt Morgans handles the important role of Camillo with an effortless command of the language. And Brian Miracle brings a little Ed Grimley and a little Ray Bolger in his very physical part of the wide-eyed country yokel.
But two actors stand out in this strong ensemble. As Perdita, Allie Babich embodies the generous, pastoral spirit of the play, handling her part's beautiful poetry with conversational ease. And Beth Mulkerron makes the production a kind of showcase for her diverse talents, playing two of the play's essential (and very different) roles with command. As Hermione, she is radiant without being cloying, which is essential to the play's sometimes oversentimentalized finale. And she takes a break from her turn as The Good Wife to play the conniving and raffish Autolycus with lots of appealing physical shtick. She's the at the top of a long list of reasons to see this production of one of Shakespeare's unsung masterpieces.
Previous ArticleSecond Time's the Charm
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Paul Kosidowski
Paul Kosidowski is a freelance writer and critic who contributes regularly to Milwaukee Magazine, WUWM Milwaukee Public Radio and national arts magazines. He writes weekly reviews and previews for the Culture Club column. He was literary director of the Milwaukee Repertory Theater from 1999-2006. In 2007, he was a fellow with the NEA Theater and Musical Theater Criticism Institute at the University of Southern California. His writing has also appeared in American Theatre magazine, Backstage, The Boston Globe, Theatre Topics, and Isthmus (Madison, Wis.). He has taught theater history, arts criticism and magazine writing at Marquette University and the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
A Piano Virtuoso, the MSO and Many Dancers
Paul Kosidowski February 6, 2015
Paul Kosidowski August 26, 2014
The Divine Ms. C
The Friday Farewell for the season
I've Got Rhythm


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1 In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord [ adonay = אֲדֹנָ֛י ] sitting on a throne [ כִּסֵּ֖א ] [chair كوسي- بمعنى كرسي], high and lifted up, and the train of His robe [וְשׁוּלָ֖יו][similar to shall ] filled the temple [ הַהֵיכָֽל׃ ] [هيكل ] Above it stood seraphim; each one had six wings: with two he covered [יְכַסֶּ֣ה] [يكْسي] his face, with two he covered his feet [رِجْلو ] [ רַגְלָ֖יו ] , and with two he flew.
4 And the posts of the door were shaken by the voice [ من قول ] [ מִקּ֖וֹל ] of him who cried out, and the house [ و ها البيت ] [ וְהַבַּ֖יִת ] was filled [ يملي او يمتلي [ יִמָּלֵ֥א with smoke.
6 Then one [ أحد ] [ אֶחָד֙ ] of [ مِن ] [ מִן ] the seraphim flew to me [ إلي ] [ אֵלַ֗י ], having in his hand [ و بِـيـدّو ] [ וּבְיָד֖וֹ ] a live coal which he had taken [ لقط – التقط] [ לָקַ֖ח ] with the tongs [ بِــملقهييم – بالملقاط ] [ בְּמֶ֨לְקַחַ֔יִם ] from [من على بمعنى من فوق – [מֵעַ֥ל] the altar.
12 The Lord [يا هو] [יְהוָ֖ה] has removed [رحق] [וְרִחַ֥ק] men [ها آدم] [הָאָדָ֑ם this Adam] far away, And the forsaken [و ربَّ ها عزوبا – معنى عذبه to torment – cause pain] [וְרַבָּ֥ה – הָעֲזוּבָ֖ה] places are many in the midst [بقرب near] [בְּקֶ֥רֶב] of the land[ها أرض][הָאָֽרֶץ׃ this planet or land ].
will be in it [ويعود] [וְשָׁ֖בָה].
When the dot is in the side, this doesn't mean a v with a (rafaa), .instead it means that the letter v becomes a vowel w (woo) and a 'rafaa' for the previous letter.
When the dot is underneath, this means 'kasra' – i sound is added to the letter.


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This website is for all of our family and friends! We want you to be able to come see pictures of our "Little Cooper" without crashing your computers with so many pictures!
Cooper was born on September 2, 2002, just outside of Bern, Switzerland in a town called Wiler. His mom's name is Wesca v. Hofacher and his dad's name is Bonsai vom Wiesgraben. Cooper's real name is Yanko v. Hofacher....Cooper is just his nickname!
He loves playing with his squeaky soccer ball, chewing on his bone and chasing "Dad" all around the house. He loves to play outside! Last weekend, we took him to Lake Geneva and he got to go swimming! He also made a couple of new dog friends!
To see his "progress in pictures", click on each week. I'll be updating the site periodically as well as learning how to make it better. Enjoy for now!


Marc was born in Barcelona 9/10/ 71, He has been sailing for over 20 years and has 10 years of experience doing nautical charters. He has covered over 50.000 miles in the Mediterranean, The Atlantic Ocean and the Carribbean.
He has crossed the North Atlantic and has gone from North to South in all of the Antilles.
He has sailed in the paradisical islands of Venezuela, such as Blanquilla and Los Roques and in the spectacular archipelago of the Aves. And from there to the well known A,B,C, Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao.. From these islands he sailed to Columbia. This stretch of wáter is considered to be one of the 5 most dangerous crossings in the world, The Carribbean at this point narrows as it passes the Venezuelan Gulf; the wind and the waves compress to créate a very confusing sea.
After 4 years travelling the Carribbean Coast of Panamá from costa Rica to Columbia, he has now settled in one of its paradises: Bocas del Toro, Panamá..He speaks Spanish, Catalan and English.


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About : The Linux Distribution List You have found the Linux Distributions List. LWN has been tracking Linux distributions since 1999. Under the " Handled By" section choose the Application option and enter " / home/ path/ baudline - session file - mem 4 - play % s" in the application box. The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file systems.
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