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Events for Saturday October 5, 2019
Tag Sale/Barn Finds - A Sale of Deaccessioned Objects on Behalf of the Historical Society of Princeton
Princeton New Jersey, Events, Things To Do, Guide, Restaurants, Stores :: Event
Saturday October 5, 2019
Following an exhaustive five-year-long review of its collection of more than 3,000 objects, the Historical Society of Princeton will be selling over 400 deaccessioned items in a Live Auction on October 4th, followed by a Tag Sale on October 5th. A public preview of property on offer will be held on October 3rd from 2pm – 7pm. Property to include fine and decorative arts, ceramics and pottery, antique and period furniture, and a splash of the unexpected. The Live Auction will be emceed by founder of Rago Auctions, David Rago.
DASH @PASH Cross Country 5K Race, Princeton Academy of the Sacred Heart
Lace up your trainers and get ready for Princeton Academy's Annual DASH @PASH Cross Country 5K Race! Princeton Academy of the Sacred Heart will host its annual DASH @PASH 5K for Boys' Wellness on Saturday, Oct 5. The race will take place on Princeton Academy's cross country course which traverses our beautiful 50-acre campus. The event is open to the public. Registration is $25, and on the day of the race, registration is $30.
Princeton Academy has introduced many meaningful initiatives to support boys' wellness such as the Lower School mindfulness program including boys' yoga, Middle School Life Skills, and fourth-grade student participation in the Let Me Run program. The school's goal is to augment its highly successful academic program with a focus on the healthy social-emotional development of boys and their wellbeing. These efforts have been crystallized in Princeton Academy's recent strategic plan: Princeton Academy in 2021: Leading a national reinvention of boys' education for a new generation of enlightened men.
REI Essential Backpacking Skills Program
While taking a hike to a mock campsite, our instructors will show you how to set up your camp site for maximum safety and comfort. Our goal is to teach practical camping skills for use in every situation, from car camping to long-distance backpacking. This program costs $69 for members and $89 for non-members. LIMITED SPACE LEFT!
Baldpate Mountain @ Pleasant Valley
2019 Walk to End Alzheimer's - Mercer County
Location: Veterans Park - 2206 Kuser Rd Hamilton Township, New Jersey
Held annually in more than 600 communities nationwide, the Alzheimer's Association Walk to End Alzheimer's® is the world's largest event to raise awareness and funds for Alzheimer's care, support and research. This inspiring event calls on participants of all ages and abilities to join the fight against the disease!
Scarecrow Contest - Hamilton Township Free Public Library
1 Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. Way, Hamilton - 609-581-4060 - www.hamiltonnjpl.org
Prizes awarded to the top three entries. For all ages.
Vaughn Drive Lot, Princeton Junction Train Station, West Windsor - 609-933-4452 - www.westwindsorfarmersmarket.org
Produce, meats, woven fibers, honey, jams, flowers, baked goods, and prepared foods.
Farmers Market - Montgomery Friends of Open Space
Village Shopping Center, 1340 Route 206 South, Skillman - 609-915-0817 - www.montgomeryfriends.org
Jersey Fresh produce and farm products, baked goods, sauces, fibers, honey, flowers, coffee, and music. Rain or shine.
Weed Patrol - Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve
1635 River Road, New Hope - 215-862-2924 - www.bhwp.org
Tips on identifying native and non-native plants and assisting in removing invasive species. Free. Registration required.
Apple Days Harvest Festival - Terhune Orchards
Come to Terhune Orchards for a day of family fun on the farm! What better way to celebrate fall than with Pick-Your-Own Apples and Pumpkins! Enjoy pony rides, pedal tractors, wagon rides, visit the Corn Stalk Maze, hay bale maze, adventure barn and our barnyard of farm animals. Children can paint their own pumpkin to bring home.
330 Cold Soil Road Princeton, NJ 08540
Pumpkin Palooza, Hopewell Presbyterian Church
Fun for the whole family at the Pumpkin Palooza! Pumpkins for sale, beautiful themed gift baskets for silent auction, bake sale, hot lunch, soups to go, children's activities, hand made crafts. Meet Snickers the miniature horse!
Hopewell Presbyterian Church is located at the intersection of Broad and Louellen Streets in Hopewell Borough. For more information, call 609-466-0758 or go to www.hopewellpres.org.
Princeton Photo Workshop: Mastering Color in Photography: Theory, Practice, Critique
Lambertville, NJ
Learn to make better use of color to create exceptional photographs. We'll explore advanced color theory and relationships and continue with exercises to make you a better observer and end with critique and post-processing recommendations. $189
https://princetondigitalphotoworkshop.com/classes/color
Family Day - Spread Your Wings, Princeton University Art Museum
Enjoy a fun-filled day for the whole family with art-making and activities inspired by the exhibition Helen Frankenthaler Prints: Seven Types of Ambiguity. Refreshments will be served. All ages are welcome; no tickets or reservations are needed.
Raising Backyard Chickens - Princeton Public Library
65 Witherspoon Street, Princeton - - www.princetonlibrary.org
Residents who keep poultry, farmers, and other chicken enthusiasts answer questions about raising chickens at home. Event includes live chickens.
40th Anniversary Celebration, Hunterdon Hospice
On Saturday, October 5, 2019, Hunterdon Hospice, Inc will celebrate its 40th Anniversary with a community-wide celebration on the grounds of Hunterdon Regional Community Health located on 215 Route 31 South in Flemington (behind the Yesterday's Treasures Thrift Shop).
The event will run from 11:00 am to 3:00 pm and will feature food trucks, live music, crafts, face painting, door prizes, games, a health fair and more! In addition to the celebration, Yesterday's Treasures thrift shop will be hosting their annual Fall Yard Sale from 9:00 am - 4:00 pm, weather permitting, with all proceeds benefiting Hunterdon Hospice, Inc.
Attendees are encouraged to bring a chair or picnic blanket to enjoy the festivities which will include a performance from the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra chamber ensemble, performing from 12:00 p.m.- 1:00 pm. There will be additional musical performances by local favorites, including Crossroads, who plays for the Hunterdon Hospice, Inc. Annual Memorial Service.
Kilt Fest - Liberty Lake
Oct 5 & 6
Kilt Fest NJ is a celebration of Celtic Sports, Music, Food, Drink and Fun. It starts with a Highland Games featuring some of the best Highland athletes in the tri-state area and a Kilted Fun Run in the morning and Includes a Kids Highland Games, Kids Gaelic Sports Instruction, Irish Music, Gaelic Football, Bagpipers, Irish Dancing and many other activities.
Fiber Bombing - Mill Hill Park
165 East Front Street, Trenton - - www.bsbgallery.com
Participants will install fiber creations on the trees of Mill Hill Park, alongside food and fiber craft vendors and local music.
Ribbon Cutting Ceremony, Small Bites
On Saturday, October 5th at 11:30am, Small Bites a fairly new restaurant ( and sister to Local Greek) will be having their official Ribbon Cutting event. Princeton's mayor and council members will be attending this event, but we would like to open this free event up to the people of Princeton. The Ribbon Cutting ceremony will take place at 20 Nassau St, Princeton NJ, 08542.
Unruly Sounds Music Festival, Palmer Square
The five-year anniversary of Unruly Sounds brings back favorites such as Owen Lake and the Tragic Loves and Matt Trowbridge and introduces new artists like Barbora Kolarova and Good Looking Friends playing original music from Princeton University's composition program. The day-long event features performers on two stages and a variety of post classical/contemporary grooves!! Co-sponsored by Palmer Square, Princeton Sound Kitchen, and the Princeton Public Library with additional support provided by Princeton Record Exchange and Small World Coffee.
Bring your own chair/blanket for this FREE event and settle in for an afternoon of original music while enjoying some refreshing Bent Spoon, a beer from the Tap Room, or a savory grilled cheese from Olsson's Fine Foods. Rain Date 10/6
Corn Maze - Howell Farm
70 Woodens Lane, Hopewell - 609-397-2555 - www.howellfarm.org
Music, hayrides and activities. A Friends of Howell Farm fundraiser. $10.
Tyrolean Traverse - Washington Crossing State Park Nature Center
Mountain rescue techniques for ages 6-12. Free. 609-737-0609
PSO BRAVO! Piano Masterclass with Natasha Paremski
Princeton Symphony Orchestra guest soloist Natasha Paremski is coaching four local piano students in a PSO BRAVO! Piano Masterclass at Rider University's Gill Chapel on the school's main campus in Lawrenceville, NJ. Participating students are David Sun (Thomas Grover Middle School), Evan Lin (Montgomery Upper Middle School), Benjamin Zhao (Montgomery High School), and Elizabeth Yang (Montgomery High School). The masterclass is presented in partnership with Westminster Conservatory, the community music school of Westminster College of the Arts of Rider University. Observation of the class is free and open to the public with ticketed reservations via princetonsymphony.org.
"Politics and Policies: Inside the State Legislature", Mercer County Library: Hopewell Branch
"Politics and Policies: Inside the State Legislature"
Join us for a policy discussion and updates on NJ healthcare legislation, the state budget, corporate tax incentive reform, and immigration topics. Hosted by STAND, NJ Citizen Action and LALDEF. Hopewell Library, Pennington. Register at https://bit.ly/2m0S7PI
245 Pennington Titusville Road Pennington, NJ 08534
The Battle of Trenton Wargame - Washington Crossing State Park Visitor Center
The Battle of Trenton will be recreated by using miniature figures, dice and "Flint & Steel" rules developed by Richard Kane who will also be managing the game. Visitors can observe and some will be able to participate as the historic military commanders by issuing orders to their military units. As Colonel Rall can you save the Hessians from being captured by General Washington? It's your chance to change history! The Battle of Trenton will be recreated at 1 PM at the Visitor Center Museum at Washington Crossing State Park in Titusville, New Jersey.
For more information call (609) 737-0623.
Colonial Harvest Festival - Trent House
15 Market Street, Trenton - 609-989-3027 - www.williamtrenthouse.org
Colonial cider pressing and cooking demonstrations, crafts and games. Free.
Day of Dance: The Outlet Dance Project - Grounds for Sculpture
80 Sculptor's Way, Hamilton - 609-586-0616 - groundsforsculpture.org
The Outlet Dance Project celebrates 15 years! An everlasting community favorite, this family-friendly program – featuring – indoor and outdoor performances – is a truly remarkable afternoon of site-specific dance. The Outlet Dance Project features the work of women choreographers exploring the intersections of the visual and performing arts, investigating relationships between sculpture and dance, between place and movement. Arrive early to find improvisational pop-up performances in the park beginning at 1:00 PM. Full program meets indoors at 2:00 PM. This is a perambulatory performanc, so please wear comfortable walking shoes. The artists aren't the only ones who will be moving!
Chasing Rainbows: The Road to Oz - Paper Mill Playhouse
1:30 and 8pm
Sept 26 - Oct 27
Chronicling the early career of Judy Garland—from playing vaudeville to landing the life-changing role of Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz—this new musical boasts such beloved songs as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow," "You Made Me Love You," "Everybody Sing," and "Dear Mr. Gable."
22 Brookside Drive, Millburn - 973-376-4343 - www.papermill.org
Hamlet - Yvonne Theater - Two Showtimes
2 and 7:30pm
Rider University, 2038 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrenceville - 609-896-7775 - www.rider.edu
Shakespeare's classic performed by a female cast. $20.
Kathak for Diwali: Indian Dance Presentation & Workshop, Lawrence Branch Library
oin the Mercer County Library, Lawrence Headquaters Branch on October 5 at 2 p.m. for an Indian dance presentation by Ruee Gawarikar of Daad Arts. This dance presentation will take you on a journey of Kathak and explain the various elements of the dance style. Graceful and elegant, dynamic and enthralling, this form of dance is known for its rhythmic footwork, strong pirouettes, speed and energy.
The dance presentation will be followed by a small workshop for interested audience members. Registration is suggested. Call 609-883-8294 or e-mail lawprogs@mcl.org.
Princeton Photo Workshop Digital Camera Series: Making a Good Image
Learn about composition and light, the critical components of making a good image, as well as more camera functions, the difference between RAW & JPEG and using different lenses to make the pictures you envision. Requirements: Students must be familiar with camera functions covered in the Basics class. $79
Concert to End Gun Violence, Trinity UMC
This concert is part of a nationwide effort with dozens of concerts happening from coast to coast in the fight against gun violence. For this local event in Ewing, we'll have a full day of live music including Grammy winning rock band Living Colour, folk legend John Flynn, soul singer Mutlu, Bethlehem and Sad Patrick, pianist Nicholas Marsols, Sandy Hall of Kick It Out – A Heart Tribute, and local mainstay Kevin Toft, with perhaps a surprise or two.
Partners and those tabling and speaking at the event include Moms Demand Action New Jersey, March for Our Lives New Jersey, Students Demand Action, BRADY/United Against Gun Violence, The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) Student Government, and more. Details can be found in the press release attached and at the Facebook page here - https://www.facebook.com/events/397754864211339/
FESTival de Cannes at The Watershed
Join us on the red carpet at the FESTival de Cannes at The Watershed, and celebrate the largest international showcase of cinematic art and, of course, the culture and food of beautiful Cannes, France. We hope you will gather your friends and family for an evening of glitz, glamour and fun at The Watershed Institute on Saturday, October 5th at 6:30 PM.
"DON PASQUALE" Opera-in-Concert by Boheme Opera, NJ, Monroe Township Senior Center
This timeless Italian comic opera, written by Donizetti in 1842, tells the story of a conniving old bachelor who plans to marry in order to punish his rebellious nephew Ernesto, who is in love with a young widow.
Tickets: Patrons: $25 General: $30 Students: Free for all students (High school and college students will need to show current IDs)
Buy tickets: http://www.monroetownshipculturalarts.com/
Monroe Township Senior Center 12 Halsey Reed Rd, Monroe Township, NJ 08831
Philly Pops Benefit Concert, Patriots Theater at the Trenton War Memorial
Rock to the music of the Motown sound when the Philly POPS and Spectrum perform at the Patriots Theater at the War Memorial in Trenton.
The award-winning group Spectrum draws upon the talent of four radiant voices and diverse personalities to form a first-class vocal quartet. After spending six stellar years recreating the sound and style of the Four Tops in Las Vegas' multi-million dollar production show Legends in Concert, the group has developed the range to credibly cover the music of groups from the Platters to the Temptations to Boyz 2 Men and The Four Seasons. It is this versatility that has propelled them to the status of headlining their own shows in which they perform stirring renditions of all of the best cover tunes.
Ticket prices are $35-90. Please purchase tickets today by clicking here
Leading Ladies - Kelsey Theater, Mercer Community College - Two Showtimes
2 and 8pm
Kelsey Theatre and Maurer Productions Onstage, the award-winning company that delivered the laughs with Lend Me A Tenor, bring you another hilarious farce from the master of stage comedy, Ken Ludwig.
Two English Shakespearean actors, Jack and Leo, find themselves so down on their luck that they are performing "Scenes from Shakespeare" on the Moose Lodge circuit in the Amish country of Pennsylvania. When they hear that an old lady in York, PA wants to leave her fortune to her two long lost English nephews, they resolve to pass themselves off as her beloved relatives and get the cash. The trouble is, when they get to York, they find out that the relatives aren't nephews, but nieces!
1200 Old Trenton Road, West Windsor - 609-570-3333 - www.kelseyatmccc.org
Paremski Plays Rachmaninoff, Princeton Symphony Orchestra
Princeton Symphony Orchestra (PSO) features pianist Natasha Paremski in a performance of Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 18. Also on the program are Mikhail Glinka's Overture to Ruslan and Lyudmilaand Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5. in E Minor, Op. 64. Bernhard Gueller Conducts.
Richardson Auditorium, Alexander Hall, on the campus of Princeton University. Tickets: $30-$100 (children 17 years and younger accompanied by an adult receive a 50% discount); Large print programs and assistive listening devices available; Additional accommodations or services (i.e. ASL, Braille Program, Audio Description etc.) can be arranged with two weeks' notice; princetonsymphony.org or 609 497-0020.
2019 Oct Today


...nd the "cognitive" prefrontal cortex. Thus, the ACC likely has an important role in integration of neuronal circuitry for affect regulation and can be identified as a distinctive region in understanding psychopathology. Affect-regulation, the ability to control and manage uncomfortable emotions, is a primary goal for mental health clinicians in treating psychopathology.7 Avoidance of painful emotions is often the motivating force in negative behaviors such as substance abuse, binge eating, and suicide. These actions are taken as part of maladaptive approaches to control, avoid, or regulate painful emotions. Clinicians often treat patients by helping them to develop more adaptive coping mechanisms in regulating their emotions. Understanding the processes by which ACC contributes to regulation of emotions may assist clinicians in their therapeutic work" (Francis).


The Nordstrom Anniversary Sale Early Access for Nordstrom cardholders has begun and will last through July 20 before being available to the public, and Lola's Secret Beauty Blog has selected some of the must-have BEAUTY EXCLUSIVES!
Courtney at Phyrra has a new guide that will make you an expert with all the Cruelty Free Drugstore Brands!
It's now easy to shop cruelty free at the drugstore! Race into the summer with Shipra of Taneja's Bride Fast & Furious™ Inspired DIY On-the-Go Racetrack Clutch.
Pammy Blogs Beauty scopes out the whimsical and fun Zoella Beauty Collection at Target! If you haven't tried a glass nail file yet, you must!
Allison from Never Say Die Beauty has fallen in love with Mont Bleu's Swarovski crystal embellished glass nail file and you will too!
15 Minute Beauty has been revisiting some of her favorites. Today she's sharing her Favorite Makeup Products from MAC. Have you tried all of her must-haves?
Marcia of Beauty Info Zone has been obsessed with 3 makeup items this summer. She can't stop wearing them and thinks you'd become obsessed with them too.
The Dior Fall 2017 Metallics Collection has landed and wowza is it GORGEOUS! Christa from Realizing Beauty shares her review and swatches.
Lancôme mascaras are always top notch and their latest release is no exception! See how Blushing Noir is wearing Monsieur Big!


Now-a-days everybody using whatsapp. Whatsapp provides more beneficial features like sending, images, documents,files videos etc.So, all are using whatsapp to sharing important files. These files are in chat history.
If you accidentally Deleted your WhatsApp chat history, messages and attachments on your Android phones? Are You questioning how to recover deleted whatsapp messages dont worry. Back up process for whatsapp chats was not same for all company products like Samsung galaxy phones, LG phones, HTC, Lenovo, Motorola, i Phone etc.
Below methods are suitable for Samsung and other android phones. you can get backup by following the below mentioned methods.Here we provide different ways to recover deleted WhatsApp data. We will introduce how to get back your recover deleted WhatsApp messages or chat history with the chat app.
1. Uninstall the WhatsApp on your device.
2. Reinstall it and sign in your account.
3. There would be prompted with a message to restore your backup after you open the reinstalled WhatsApp. Please tap "Restore".
4. whatsapp will restore your chats in your whatsapp account.
5.Whatsapp chat Backup will be based on what you set in chat backup history.Example Daily, weekly etc.
6.After Finishing backup process you can get deleted chats on your whatsapp account.
If you want to recover whatsapp chat history or messages from long over i.e., more than 7 days. You can follow below instructions to restore WhatsApp messages or chats from file manager.
1. Download File Manager app on your device. And then open.
2. Go to "internal storage".
3.Check for whatsapp database >> WhatsApp >>Databases.
4.Rename the backup file. For instance, you should change the name of the backup from "msgstore-YYYY-MM-DD.1.db.crypt12" to "msgstore.db.crypt12". But please note that do not change the number of the crypt extension.
4. Uninstall the WhatsApp app and then re-install it.
5. Tap "Restore" on the pop-up window.
6. After Finishing back process, Deleted chats are shown in your whatsapp chats.


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True crime writer Kelly Banaski, shares her insight to the women on death row & female killers past and present through interviews via letters, phone calls & visits.
Help For Your Inmates
Female Cult Leaders Who Kill | Psychology Today
Most serial killers, male and female, work alone. However, there are those who religious beliefs and murderous proclivities are intertwined, resulting in a systematic system for serial murder. Let's take a look at two female serial killer cult leaders, despite having lived 100 years apart, share some remarkable similarities.
In 1912, 18-year-old Clementine Barnabet shocked Lafayette, Louisiana when she confessed to personally axing 17 people to death as part of her devotion as high priestess to the Church of the Sacrifice. Seven entire families, 40 people in all, were killed by members of this religious group, which apparently believed that riches and immortality could be gained through human sacrifice. Revenge also seemed to be a factor in a few of the murders, as Ms. Barnabet stated that at least two of the families had refused to obey "messages from God."
Ms. Clementine stated that the murders mostly occurred on Sunday nights while the victims were sleeping. (However, even if the children woke up, this did nothing to dissuade the high priestess from continuing her slaughter until all family members lay in bits and pieces about the floor.) Few of the homes were robbed and many of the victims were strangers to the cult followers who killed them. The Church of the Sacrifice was apparently an equal opportunity cult; there were an equal number of male and female members and both genders equally participated in the murders.
All of the victims were horribly mutilated, with limbs and heads being cut off and strewn over the house. Dismemberment would be followed by a sacrificial ceremony, with chants and rituals. Not only did the ritual sacrifice apparently satisfy the teachings of the Church, it also served to eliminate virtually any clue as to who killed the victims and why. Nothing was left behind by which the murderers could be identified; there never was a clew to indicate why the murder had been committed.
Fast forward 100 years. On March 29, 2012, eight alleged serial killers, members of the Meraz family who allegedly practiced human sacrifice in Mexico, were arrested for murdering three victims—two 10-year-old children and a 55-year-old adult. Their bodies—with throats and wrists cut with knives and axes—were found at the altar of the cult's ritual murder site
According to cult members, Silvia Meraz Moreno and her son, Ramón Omar Palacios Meraz, are the alleged cult leaders of the violent cult, which worships The Female Saint of Death, La Santa Muerte. The motive? Money. According to their cult leader, their blood sacrifice would be rewarded by Santa Muerte's revelation of riches and protection from harm.
Serial Killer Cults: A Common Thread?
Unfortunately, we don't know much about the personal history that led up to Clementine's acts. We do know she lived at a time when life was very hard for African Americans, as illustrated by the El Paso newspaper's cruel comment that "in the rice belt, the life of a negro is held rather cheap." Undoubtedly, there was a pervasive sense of injustice, hopelessness, and lack of control. Unquestionably, she was poor.
Rather than strike out at her oppressors, though, Clementine chose to victimize her peers, clinging to the belief that human sacrifice would bring to her what was otherwise out of reach—wealth, immortality, and revenge.
So did Silvia Meraz. She, too, came from a background filled with prejudice and poverty, a family of garbage pickers who spent much of their daily existence struggling for ways to survive. And, like the Church of the Sacrifice followers in the early 20th century, Meraz's desperately poor dovotees likely felt much more comfortable relating to an outcast saint who can offer earthly rewards—and were willing to pay the costs.
Your content on Debra Milke is woefully out-of-date.
1. Her conviction was overturned month ago by the 9CCA.
2. The corrupt detective who claimed she had confessed to him will not testify in a retrial asserting his 5th amendment privileges!!! How many times as that happened in legal and trial history?
3. If the corrupt detective does not testify, it is hard to see a retrial taking place at all since his false testimony was the only thing that connected her to the two killers, neither of which ever asserted she had anything to do with the murder.
4. By the way at least two people have been executed on the detective's testimony and at least four are serving long prison sentences.
Ain't Arizona Mormon Shiria Law amazing?
Kelly 11:01 AM
This website is not in any way connected to Debra nor have we made any commitment to keep up with her. Truthfully, she is the least searched and least asked about woman mentioned on this site and I would say thats because she is no longer on the row.
What Are Your Thoughts? Remember, you don't have to read this blog if it makes you mad. Name-calling and temper tantrums have no place here.
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I write about female criminals, the innocent and the guilty. Most are on death row or serving life without parole. They provide artwork and information to this blog and I provide them with books, magazines, correspondence classes, help for their families and personal hygiene items. Please keep in mind that this blog often has comments and statements directly from the women on death row. Statements of grief, of innocence, of regret and sorrow. If bearing audience to these women's feelings, my opinions, or those of commenters offends you please do not read on.
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Fashionably scruffy young waiting staff and blaring flamenco in a no-frills classic setting make for an unpretentious blend of old and new. This is the place for an offal first-timer - the callos a la madrileña (tripe in a spicy sauce) are acknowledged as the best in town. For less accustomed stomachs, there are enticing options too: mojama (wind-dried tuna), fish pie and a hearty 'cocido' stew on Thursdays and Saturdays.
Main courses €7-€10. Set lunch €9 Tue-Fri.


It is always sad when we lose a member of the EMF activist community. It is unfortunate that one of our number took her own life recently. Maria August departed this life on March 12, 2019, just shy of her 50th birthday. Sadly, many of her last birthdays here with us were not those filled with joy and jubilance, but those filled with pain and debilitation. Maria was a victim of EHS (electromagnetic hypersensitivity), an affliction that, while legitimate, nonetheless remains stigmatized and controversial. She conducted an interview with Nicolas Peneault last year regarding what it was like to live with EHS. You can read her posthumous self-obituary for some of her own words on this topic.
Though Maria ended her own life, she is one of a growing number of victims who have - at length - succumbed to poisoning by non-ionizing radiation. She is certainly not the first to have fallen, and will, unfortunately, not be the last to do so, either. The levels of manmade non-ionizing radiation in our environment today have grown exponentially and are continuing to do so. Despite estimates of RF levels today in the environment being anywhere from 1,000,000,000,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000 times higher than they were just mere decades ago, the Trump administration continues to push forward with its plans for 5G across the United States at the same time as our captured and controlled Federal Communications Commission aims to streamline the 5G rollout by eliminating all local control, oversight, and regulation of small cells. Many would say this contradicts the Tenth Amendment, and it does, but beyond that, it is one of the grossest abuses of power by the wireless telecom industry and its government puppet, the FCC.
Maria's death was meant to be publicized, to remind us that while the humdum of civilian life continues all over the country, massive human rights violations are continuing to occur at an unprecedented scale. For the hundreds of thousands of EHS individuals in the U.S. (you might call them posioned, damaged, or just plain disabled), the right to "the pursuit of happiness" is only a reminder of what once was, something largely unattainable, except, perhaps, in death. Given that 5G has already been piloted in 11 U.S. cities and AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, et. al. are continuing to aggressively push for a more expedited and regulatory-free rollout, urban areas in America will soon be densely toxic and unlivable areas. Notice I said unlivable and not uninhabitable - for millions of people will continue to live in urban areas, irradiated without their consent, against their will, and largely without even their knowledge or awareness. But as Maria's passing as shown, more people will continue to get sick, and by ignoring the signs all around us right now, we do ourselves a great disservice.
Maria was a true canary — a canary in the coal mine. She is at the forefront of a long list of deaths that will come less slowly and more surely if plans for 5G continue unabated and unchecked. Yet, not all hope is lost. Brussels has halted development on 5G indefinitely. Awareness in Germany is much greater, with a petition to the German Parliament having already reached over 50,000 signatures. The International Society of Doctors for the Environment adopted a declaration calling for a moratorium on 5G in the EU last year. This in addition to the International EMF Scientist Appeal, a petition submitted to the United Nations and World Health Organization which has been signed by more than 240 scientists from 42 countries. Many European states have already taken action, rather than sit idly by and wait for graves to fill as the United States has done for decades on any important health issue. Even in the U.S., one of the least progressive countries when it comes to health, Senators Blumenthal and Eshoo are asking the tough questions other legislators are not. Even the purported economic benefits that telecom companies claimed 5G have largely been debunked as not likely to materialize. And with no need for 5G on any level, why should we continued to delude ourselves into thinking this is acceptable?
Martin Luther King, Jr. once said that "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere". If you're not the type to sit idly by and watch injustice go down, you don't have to! Already, two major non-profit organizations are organizing an upcoming 5G Day of Action. One of them will be held on April 22 (Earth Day) while another will be held May 15. Feel free to make your voice heard amongst the corporate influence and corruption that has, for the past two decades, transformed the telecom industry from a noble one to an ignoble one. Whether or not you are electrohypersensitive, the truth of the matter is we have all been contending with gross injustice for far too long and it is not going to stop unless people are willing to stand up and assert their rights.
Of course, plans for direct action can entail the risk of arrest or citation. If you don't feel comfortable sticking your neck out, you can always make your voice heard through the "proper channels". Write and call your elected officials and demand a moratorium on 5G — as has already been done in a few places in the U.S. (like the Bay Area) and, more prevalently, in European countries. Don't forget to write to your editor and have your words published in your local paper. Nothing is as important as raising awareness of one of the biggest health crises of our century, and action and organized resistance can only follow awareness, not precede it.
Maria wanted for others to educate themselves about the health risks of wireless technologies and act more responsibly with their lives. As we remember Maria, we must also remember that the fight continues for those of who are still here. While the charge for pushing ahead with reckless, irresponsible infrastructure is momentous, so is the resistance against it, and great things can happen if only everyone remembers that he or she has a voice.


text:
Places Long Gone
Essay 213 • Sep 20th 2017
by Andrew Boyle
Spaces hold stories, history and directions for those that have been or pass them by. There is a comfort and a mystery in discovering a dwelling or a store front made silent when its value is no longer held, or streets waiting for blocks to be razed for the next overpriced bland residential development. All images were captured on 120 format film across a span of three years.
Andrew Boyle is an Australian raised / New York-based photographer, whose obsession with the perfect capture whether it's backstage at fashion week, in the pit at a music festival or on set, keeps him hungry for the rush of capturing the raw personality of a subject. Andrew has photographed A$AP Rocky, James Murphy, 2 Chainz, The Blonds, Whoopi Goldberg, Miley Cyrus, Jeremy Scott, Tracy Morgan and more for publications including The Music, WWD, Schon! and Nylon. His first photo book, 'Heroes & Villains', is out now through Smith Street Books and Rizzoli.


Texas Housewife: Why Don't We Have One Of Those?
Why Don't We Have One Of Those?
Aren't cars fun? Our van broke down on Christmas Eve while Dan was driving to work. At first we thought it was going to be a relatively easy fix that would cost less than $100, but that was not the case. Now we are looking at between $1300 to $1500 worth of transmission work. Seeing as how we have no emergency fund, the van is just going to have to wait until we get our income tax return. Thankfully, our wonderful neighbors have loaned us their spare car so Dan can get to and from work.
This whole situation has really started me thinking about extended vehicle warranties. Did you know you can get those on cars up to 20 years old? I had no clue you could do that. Anyway, I do know that if we had a extended vehicle warranty, like those offered by us fidelis, this whole situation would've been taken care of so much easier. They offer free rental car and emergency towing, which would've saved us so much hassle. Plus they have all sorts of other benefits like free 24 hour roadside assistance, which is always nice to have. I highly suggest looking into extended warranty coverage for your vehicles.
The whole van incident has been quite a pain, but I suppose it could have been worse. We are so blessed to have such great neighbors and friends to help us out during this difficult situation. Hopefully we will be able to become a two car family in the not too distant future. Whenever we buy another car, we will be getting an extended warranty! In my opinion the peace of mind it would provide makes it worth it.
My Jeep has been paid off for almost 6 years now and is over 10 years old. My husband's Volvo is 9 years old and totally paid off. We would like to get another 100K out of each vehicle...so this would be something to look into.
That is a name I have heard of and would trust more.
After a decade in the automotive repair industry, I'd recommend an extended warranty to just about everyone, except perhaps for owners of Honda and Toyota cars. (SUVs always get my vote for extended warranties).
The key is to buy the right one. We put this article together to help our clients and consumers choose a warranty that will give them the best coverage: http://www.starautoauthority.com/services/extendedwarranty.asp. Like anything, you can spend a lot on poor quality warranties that exclude more than they cover.
I know a lot of consumer "advocates" say extended warranties aren't a good use of your money, but I see them pay off every day for our clients. Just take your time to research and compare different policies.
P.S. You'll benefit the most from a warranty if your regular auto repair shop routinely inspects your vehicle to identify developing issues. If your shop only addresses the problem(s) you're in for, you won't find the warranty as valuable -- but then again, you're vehicle's also going to be more prone to unexpected breakdowns.


Many designs for the Internet of Things (IoT) rely on analog circuits to meet an application's unique requirements for sensor and actuator signal conditioning, current control, and other functionality. Although dedicated signal chain ICs can meet this need, designs with tight cost and space constraints require a way to deliver this functionality with fewer parts, while still meeting performance requirements.
To address this need, microcontrollers have emerged that have simplified the nature of this sensor and actuator interface by integrating analog peripherals such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and comparators. Until recently, however, engineers still typically needed to add analog parts to provide signal conditioning or output buffering required in most designs.
With the addition of these analog signal conditioning circuits on a microcontroller, developers now have an effective way to configure these components to meet a broad range of analog interface requirements for wearables and other IoT devices by manipulating only a few lines of code.
This article will discuss the need for front-end analog signal conditioning requirements for connected IoT devices. It will then introduce a class of microcontrollers with highly integrated analog functionality and show how to apply them.
Sensor designs typically require one or two amplifiers to condition transducer output signals before reaching the microcontroller's ADC input. More complex devices such as pulse oximeters for heart rate monitoring require multiple signal chains to generate LED excitation waveforms, convert photodiode output, and finally extract the pulse data (Figure 1). Even the simple current loop circuit routinely used to connect sensors to programmable logic controllers in industrial applications requires additional devices to drive and control current output. However, by using the internal analog components in the Texas Instruments MSP430FR2355 MCU, developers can implement more compact versions of these designs, typically with only a few additional passive components.
Based on a 16-bit RISC processor core, the Texas Instruments MSP430FR2355 MCU provides the full set of features typically required in many IoT device designs. A member of the TI MSP430 FRAM family, the MSP430FR2355 integrates 32 Kbytes of low-power ferroelectric RAM (FRAM). Well suited to IoT designs, FRAM provides the nonvolatile storage advantages of flash memory, as well as the write speed and endurance of RAM. As a result, developers can take advantage of FRAM's RAM-like performance qualities to store data and program code during active operation, while relying on FRAM's nonvolatile features to retain values during sleep mode or other operating states required to conserve power. The MSP430FR2355 supports several low-power modes designed to meet the low-power requirements typical of these designs.
Along with its low-power features, the MSP430FR2355 supports IoT interface requirements with several integrated analog peripherals including a 12-channel, 12-bit ADC; analog comparators with integrated digital-to-analog converters (DACs); and multiple on-chip voltage references. The most unique analog feature of the MSP430FR2355 MCU lies in its four Smart Analog Combo (SAC) modules, which developers can configure programmatically to meet their specific requirements.
Each SAC module includes a 12-bit DAC, a rail-to-rail operational amplifier (OA), and a feedback resistor ladder that turns the OA into a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). Dedicated registers for each component control its configuration and operating mode. For example, developers can simply load bits 0:1 in a SAC (SACx) module's OA register (SACxOA) to set the OA's positive input to some external source, to the DAC output, or to a paired SAC source (described below).
TI's driver library abstracts these bit manipulations to an intuitive set of application programming interface (API) calls. As a result, developers need only a few lines of code (Listing 1) to program a SAC module as a general purpose amplifier that can fully replace a sensor signal conditioning amplifier, with corresponding savings in parts count and design size (Figure 2).
To serve as an output waveform generator, a SAC module needs to engage more of its components (Figure 3). In this case, the developer controls the waveform by programmatically loading data into the dedicated data register (SACxDAT) that sets the internal DAC's output. In turn, the DAC output provides the reference voltage to the OA. In this configuration, developers would enhance OA drive strength by setting bits 0:1 (MSEL) in the PGA register (SACxPGA) to buffer mode (01b), which corresponds to a floating input. To configure this operating mode, developers need only a few more API calls (Listing 2) compared those needed for the general purpose configuration described above.
In many cases, developers need signal condition or output chains built with more than one amplifier. For example, sensor system designers typically cascade amplifiers to buffer transducer output and then to amplify the buffered signal to match the full-scale response of the ADC sitting at the end of the signal chain. Similarly, developers of output interfaces often need to cascade amplifiers to generate waveforms and control gate drivers. For example, to build a current loop interface, developers can use one SAC module configured in DAC mode to provide the modulating signal voltage. Configured in OA mode, the second SAC module converts the signal voltage into a current using an external transistor (Figure 4).
The MSP430FR2355 MCU provides an even more efficient method for cascading amplifiers. For designs that do not require additional external components, developers can take advantage of built-in routing that internally interconnects SAC modules into two pairs: SAC0 is internally connected to SAC2, and SAC1 to SAC3.
This interconnection finds application in sensor systems such as smoke detectors that need to convert current output from a photodiode to a voltage level for conversion. Developers can implement this signal chain using a pair of SAC modules with only a few lines of code (Listing 3). Here, SAC2 is configured as a transimpedance amplifier to convert photodiode current output to a voltage, which the paired SAC0 amplifies for a downstream ADC (Figure 5). As shown in Listing 3, the internal connection between SAC2 and SAC0 is created simply in the API call (SAC_OA_init) to initialize SAC0 (SAC0_BASE) using the PGA as the OA's negative input source (SAC_OA_NEGATIVE_INPUT_SOURCE_PGA) and the paired OA as the positive input source (SAC_OA_POSITIVE_INPUT_SOURCE_PAIR_OA).
Using this approach, developers can implement nearly the full set of analog input and output circuits required in IoT designs and wearables. For example, developers can use MSP430FR2355 SAC modules to condense complex analog designs such as the pulse oximeter shown in Figure 1 to a significantly more compact version (Figure 6). Besides from the LEDs, photodiode, and associated resistors, designers need only the MCU to deliver the same functionality.
To evaluate use of the MSP430FR2355 MCU and its SAC modules, developers can take advantage of the Texas Instruments MSP-EXP430FR2355 LaunchPad development kit. Designed to speed prototyping, the board includes a complete MSP430FR2355-based system with a light sensor, LEDs, and pushbuttons for interacting with simple sample applications, and onboard debug probe for software development.
A Grove connector provides access to the broad array of available Grove-based add-ons, and a TI BoosterPack connector lets developers easily extend the base platform with RF BoosterPacks for wireless connectivity. TI also provides a set of sample software applications designed to run immediately on the LaunchPad kit. Besides exercising the LaunchPad board, the sample software demonstrates basic design patterns such as the method for interconnecting SAC modules shown in the Listing 3 code snippet.
Analog interfaces are commonly required in any device that interacts with the real world. In many designs for wearables and IoT devices, however, the additional devices needed to build those interfaces runs counter to the requirements for more compact designs and reduced parts count.
By configuring analog components integrated in the Texas Instruments MSP430FR2355 MCU, developers can implement the signal chain functionality required for these designs, often with only a few additional passive components.
Microsoft IoT Grove Kit The easy-to-use GrovePi+ from Seeed is compatible with Raspberry Pi B/B+/A+/2/3, and has plug-n-play Grove Modules for rapid prototyping.
TAS3251 Audio Amplifier TI's TAS3251 audio amplifier integrates four building blocks into a single cohesive device that maximizes sound quality, flexibility, and ease of use.
DACx0508 Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) Texas Instruments' DACx0508 high linearity DACs feature a wide temperature range and are suitable for optical networking, wireless infrastructures, and more.


text:
R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Professor of Political Science
I am the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of Chicago, where I have taught since 1982.
Above all else, I am an international relations theorist. More specifically, I am a realist, which means that I believe that the great powers dominate the international system and they constantly engage in security competition with each other, which sometimes leads to war.
Although I have dedicated my life to scholarship, I have also tried to engage in the policy debates of the day. For example, I was one of the most outspoken opponents of the 2003 Iraq War before it happened. I firmly believe that social science theories are invaluable for making and analyzing foreign policy.
The James Madison Award Lecture: Liberalism and Nationalism in Contemporary America
American Political Science Association (APSA)
The James Madison Award and Lectureship is a triennial award that honors an American political scientist who has made a distinguished scholarly contribution to political science.
Professor John Mearsheimer delivered his lecture at the APSA Annual Meeting in 2020, using this occasion to examine the political crisis facing the United States, with liberalism under siege and nationalism is on the rise.
China-U.S. Competition: Inevitable or Manageable?
Tian Wei at the CGTN
Horizons, Issue 14 (Summer 2019), pp.12-29
Realism and Restraint
John J. Mearsheimer
International Security, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Spring 2019), pp. 7-50
Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order
The New York Times, July 1, 2019
Iran Is Rushing to Build a Nuclear Weapon — and Trump Can't Stop It
Political Science Department
5828 S. University Avenue
jmearshe@uchicago.edu
Stay up to date with the latest work, news, and appearances.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Observation of solar meridional circulation is challenging because
of its small magnitude compared to other flows at the solar surface.
Improvements in observational techniques have made it feasible to
reliably infer the profile of meridional circulation at the surface
and near surface layers through a variety of techniques e.g., Doppler-shift
measurement \citep{1979SoPh...63....3D,1996Sci...272.1306H,2010ApJ...725..658U},
tracking of surface features e.g., small scale magnetic remnants \citep{1993SoPh..147..207K,2012ApJ...760...84H},
ring-diagram analysis \citep{1998ApJ...504L.131S,1999ApJ...512..458B,2002ApJ...570..855H,2008SoPh..252..235G,2010ApJ...717..488B},
time-distance helioseismology \citep{1997Natur.390...52G}. All these
studies show that the magnitude of meridional circulation at mid-latitudes
in the near-surface region is 10--20 m s$^{-1}$ at mid-latitudes,
depending on the phase of the solar cycle and is directed poleward
in both hemispheres. Mass conservation requires there to be an equatorward
return flow below the solar surface. The location of the return flow
plays a crucial role in some models of the solar dynamo. There have
been several attempts to understand the internal structure of meridional
circulation using helioseismic techniques e.g., global helioseismology
\citep{2013ApJ...778L..38S,2013SoPh..287..129W}, time-distance helioseismology
\citep{2013ApJ...774L..29Z,2015ApJ...805..133J,2015ApJ...813..114R,2017ApJ...845....2B,2017ApJ...849..144C}
etc. Such studies are very important to constrain dynamo models \citep{1995A&A...303L..29C,2010ApJ...722..774D}
since meridional circulation is believed to carry magnetic field as
well as transport energy and angular momentum in the convection zone.

These studies have arrived at a variety of conclusions. From the analysis
of two years of continuous data taken by SDO/HMI, \citet{2013ApJ...774L..29Z}
reported multiple cells in depth with a return flow starting at about
$0.9\:R_{\odot}$ and the second cell below $0.82\,R_{\odot}$. Using
2 years of GONG data, \citet{2015ApJ...805..133J} obtained results
that agreed with \citet{2013ApJ...774L..29Z} about the shallow return
flow but could not find the second cell in the deeper convection zone.
Recently, \citet{2017ApJ...849..144C} using $7$ years of SDO/HMI
data covering $2010$ May 1 to $2017$ April $30$ found qualitatively
similar profile as \citet{2013ApJ...774L..29Z}. These studies did
not apply the mass conservation constraint. Using 4 years of HMI data,
\citet{2015ApJ...813..114R} found a single-cell profile with return
flow below $0.77\,R_{\odot}$ using stream functions which automatically
ensures mass conservation. On the other hand, \citet{2013ApJ...778L..38S}
found multiple cells in both latitude and depth, which is very different
from those found using time-distance helioseismology.

Systematics and noise significantly affect results obtained below
$0.9\,R_{\odot}$ using time-distance helioseismology. All studies
have considered data obtained from different instruments covering
different periods of time. Sensitivity kernels computed using ray
theory were used by \citep{2013ApJ...774L..29Z,2015ApJ...805..133J,2015ApJ...813..114R,2017ApJ...849..144C}
to invert for flows. Ray kernels are sensitive only to perturbations
along ray path. If the length scale of the perturbation is smaller
than the acoustic wavelength, results using ray kernels may not be
reliable \citep{2001ApJ...561L.229B,2004ApJ...616.1261B}.

The first-Born approximation, an alternative to ray theory, does not
suffer from the above limitation. Recently, \citet{2017ApJ...842...89M}
computed travel-time sensitivity kernels in the Born limit in spherical
geometry \citep[two other alternative approaches were proposed independently by][]{2016ApJ...824...49B,2017A&A...600A..35G}.
Using Born kernels, \citet{2017ApJ...845....2B} inverted for meridional
circulation and found return flow at $0.9\:R_{\odot}$ using a SOLA
\citep{1994A&A...281..231P} inversion technique. They found that
both single and multiple-cell profiles are consistent with their measured
travel times.

In this work, we use a stream-function approach, which automatically
takes into account mass conservation and compute relevant sensitivity
kernels. The other advantage of using stream functions is that both
radial and latitudinal components of the meridional flow may be simultaneously
derived from it.

\section{Travel-time measurements}

Helioseismic travel times capturing the signals due to meridional
flows are estimated the same way as described in detail in \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R}.
The basic data used are the full-disk Doppler observations made by
the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics
Observatory (SDO), and we have added two more years of data to that
of \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R} covering a total length of six years
($2010$ May $1$ through $2016$ April $30$). Each estimate of travel
time is made from a Gabor wavelet \citep{1997ASSL..225..241K} fit
to the monthly average of time-distance correlations computed in point-to-point
deep-focus arc geometry employing 60 travel distances. Travel distances
ranging between $2.16^{\circ}$ and $44.64^{\circ}$in steps of $0.72^{\circ}$,
covering depths from near the surface down to about $0.7\:R_{\odot}$.
A major uncertainty in travel time estimates is the center-to-limb
systematics - CLS \citep{2012ApJ...749L...5Z,2012ApJ...760L...1B,2015ApJ...813..114R,2013ApJ...774L..29Z}
whose magnitude is several times of the signal due to meridional flows.
We correct the N-S (or the meridional direction) travel times for
this systematics in the same way as originally proposed by \citet{2012ApJ...749L...5Z}
and also as done by \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R}: CLS is estimated
from the antisymmetric component of W-E travel times (Figure \ref{fig:CTL})
(the symmetric part corresponds to the solar rotation), which are
then subtracted from the N-S travel times. These W-E travel times
are estimated from the central W-E equatorial belt spanning 15 degrees
on either side of the equator. Recently, \citet{2017ApJ...849..144C}
have proposed a new empirical method to remove the systematics. They
measure travel-time shifts between two points located on the solar
disk for many different azimuthal angles and skip distances, followed
by solving a system of linear equations containing both center-to-limb
systematics and travel-time shifts due to meridional flow. In addition,
\citet{2017ApJ...849..144C} have removed data pixels containing fields
stronger than a threshold of $10$ G, following a method suggested
by \citet{2015ApJ...805..165L}. In our travel-time measurement process,
we have not removed the oscillation signals over the strongly magnetized
surface regions. It should be noted that surface magnetic fields have
been shown to corrupt the meridional flow measurements (\citealp{2015ApJ...805..165L});
although such influence of surface regions is not expected to majorly
affect the overall inferences on the deep structure of meridional
circulation inferred from 6 years of observations, a detailed analysis
with and without the surface magnetic regions' removal is necessary
to quantify the surface effects. However, detailed analyses of the
character of center-to-limb systematics and its dependence on the
frequency of acoustic waves (Rajaguru and Antia 2018, work in progress,
and \citealp{2018ApJ...853..161C}) indicate that further careful
study is needed to fully account for them in the current estimates
of meridional flow travel times. Measured travel times induced by
solar meridional flow from our analyses and corresponding errors have
been shown in Figure. (\ref{fig:data_error}).

\begin{figure}
\centering{}\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{data_CTL}\caption{\label{fig:CTL}West minus east travel time, considered as center-to-limb
systematics are plotted. These has been subtracted from north minus
south travel time to obtain travel time shift due to solar meridional
flow which are shown in the left panel of Figure \ref{fig:data_error}. }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{data_6y_nsc}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:data_error}Left panel shows the measured travel times
for solar meridional flow and right panel shows corresponding errors
in the measurements. The travel time differences plotted are southward
minus northward travel times, i.e. $\delta\tau=\tau_{\text{NS}}-\tau_{\text{SN}}$,
where $\tau_{\text{NS}}$ is the travel time from north-arc to south-arc
and $\tau_{\text{SN}}$ is that in the opposite direction.}
\end{figure}

\section{forward modeling with spherical Born kernel}

An efficient approach to compute sensitivity kernels in spherical
geometry was proposed by \citet{2017ApJ...842...89M}. They showed
that Green's function can be expressed as \citep[Equation 12 and 13 from][]{2017ApJ...842...89M}
\begin{eqnarray}
G_{rr}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega) & = & \sum_{\ell}\frac{(2\ell+1)}{4\pi}\alpha_{\ell\omega}(r)P_{\ell}(\cos(\hat{\mathbf{r}}\cdot\hat{\mathbf{r}}_{s})),\label{eq:Greenfn2}\\
\mathbf{G}_{hr}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega) & = & \sum_{\ell}\frac{(2\ell+1)}{4\pi\omega^{2}\rho_{0}}\beta_{\ell\omega}(r)\bm{\nabla}_{h}P_{\ell}(\cos(\hat{\mathbf{r}}\cdot\hat{\mathbf{r}}_{s})),\label{eq:Greenfn1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G_{rr}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega)$ and $\mathbf{G}_{hr}(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega)=\left(G_{\theta r}\left(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega\right),G_{\phi r}\left(\mathbf{r},\mathbf{r}_{s},\omega\right)\right)$
are radial and tangential components of the displacement of a wave
with temporal frequency $\omega,$ measured at $\mathbf{r}$ due to
a point source placed at $\mathbf{r}_{s}$, $P_{\ell}$ the Legendre
polynomial of degree $\ell$. The terms $\alpha_{\ell\omega},\,\beta_{\ell\omega}$
are obtained by solving a coupled differential equation \citep[Equation 10 in][]{2017ApJ...842...89M}
using a finite-difference based scheme for each harmonic degree $\ell$
and frequency $\omega$. We compute the pair $\left(\alpha_{\ell\omega},\,\beta_{\ell\omega}\right)$
once and use them to evaluate Green's function, which is used subsequently
in obtaining kernels. The expression of sensitivity kernels for stream
function, $K_{\psi}$, can be written in terms of Green's function
and its derivatives. The kernel computation time depends on the size
of the $(r,\theta,\phi)$ grid used in the analysis, maximum harmonic
degree for Green's function computation and resolution in frequency.
In this work, we consider $1398\times200\times400$ grid points spanning
$0.7\,R_{\odot}-1.0\,R_{\odot}$ in the radial direction and the entire
horizontal domain. We choose the harmonic degree in the range $20\leq\ell\leq100$
to compute Green's function using Equation (\ref{eq:Greenfn2}) and
(\ref{eq:Greenfn1}). We choose the frequency range $2.0$ mHz to
$4.5$ mHz, split uniformly into 1250 bins. It takes approximately
1.5 hours to compute a stream-function sensitivity kernel for one
source-receiver distance using 200 processors on a computer cluster.
It is indeed very expensive to compute sensitivity kernels for all
60 travel distances centered around 329 latitude points. Since we
do not consider line-of-sight effects in this work, we need to compute
sensitivity kernels only for 60 travel distances. We then translate
the kernels at different latitude points since these kernels depend
only on the source-receiver distance and not on their exact location.
We have validated these sensitivity kernels by choosing simple flow
profiles.

\section{inversion technique\label{sec:inversion-technique}}

Flows differently alter travel times of upstream and downstream propagating
waves. Sensitivity kernels for flows relate them to the travel time
difference, thus
\begin{equation}
\delta\tau=\int_{\odot}K_{v_{r}}v_{r}d\mathbf{r}+\int_{\odot}K_{v_{\theta}}v_{\theta}d\mathbf{r}.\label{eq:dtau_vel}
\end{equation}
The contribution of the second integral is much larger than the first.
The rising and falling part of the $v_{r}$ component cancels out
whereas the contribution of two branches of the $v_{\theta}$ component
add to each other. Further, the magnitude of $v_{r}$ is also smaller.
Because of the small contribution from the $v_{r}$ component, it
is almost impossible to directly determine it from inversions. We
use the stream function, $\psi$, instead of velocity for inversion
which automatically takes into account mass conservation and both
components of velocity, $v_{r}$ and $v_{\theta}$ can be determined
from this single function using the following relations
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho v_{r} & = & \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial\theta}+\frac{\cos\theta}{r\sin\theta}\psi,\label{eq:streamfn1}\\
\rho v_{\theta} & = & -\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial r}-\frac{\psi}{r},\label{eq:streamfn}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\rho$ is the density of the medium. Substituting Equation
(\ref{eq:streamfn1}) and (\ref{eq:streamfn}) into Equation (\ref{eq:dtau_vel}),
we obtain
\begin{equation}
\delta\tau=\int_{\odot}K_{\psi}\psi d\mathbf{r}\label{eq:kernel_psi}
\end{equation}
To compute sensitivity kernels for stream function $\psi$, we use
model S (\citealp{ChristensenDalsgaard:1996ap}) as the background solar
model \citep{2017ApJ...842...89M}. These kernels are highly sensitive
to surface layers and very weakly so to the base of the convection
zone, making it difficult to determine the profile of meridional circulation
at depth. Further, the density varies by 6 orders of magnitude over
the convection zone, while the velocity of meridional flow does not
vary to that extent. To account for this variation we invert for the
quantity $\psi^{\prime}=\psi/\rho$.

The size of the problem will become very large and ill-posed if we
perform inversions for $\psi$ at all spatial points. B-spline basis
function for both radial and latitude coordinates were used by e.g.
\citet{2015ApJ...813..114R} to represent the stream function. Recently,
\citet{2017arXiv170803464B} used B-spline basis functions successfully
for synthetic inversions of supergranules. This motivates us to use
B-spline functions to represent variations in the radial direction.
In the latitudinal direction, we use derivative of Legendre polynomial
for the inversion. The total number of parameters is reduced drastically
in this approach:
\begin{equation}
\psi(r,\theta)=\sum_{i,\ell}a_{i\ell}B_{i}(r)\frac{dP_{\ell}(\cos\theta)}{d\theta},\label{eq:psi}
\end{equation}
where $a_{i\ell}$ are the coefficients of expansion which we need
to determine. The reason for choosing Legendre polynomials instead
of B-splines in the latitudinal direction is that fewer coefficients
are needed. In addition, we assume hemispheric symmetry of the meridional
circulation and consider only the derivative of even Legendre polynomials,
which reduces the number of parameters in the inversion and makes
the problem better posed. In all inversions, we aim to minimize the
misfit function, defined here as
\begin{equation}
\chi_{\text{MF}}=\sum_{i}\left(\frac{\int K_{i}\psi(r,\theta)rdrd\theta-\delta\tau_{i}}{\sigma_{i}}\right)^{2}+\text{Regularization},\label{eq:misfit}
\end{equation}
where $i$ indicates a pair of observation points. The terms $K_{i}$
and $\delta\tau_{i}$ denote the corresponding kernel and travel-time
measurement. Despite the reduction in parameter space, we still need
to apply regularization because travel-time measurements are subject
to systematic and realization noise, which may be amplified in the
inversion. We use second derivative smoothing both in $r$ and $\theta$
\begin{equation}
\text{Regularization}=\int\left[\lambda_{r}\left(\frac{\partial^{2}\psi(r,\theta)}{\partial r^{2}}\right)^{2}+\lambda_{\theta}\left(\frac{\partial^{2}\psi(r,\theta)}{\partial\theta^{2}}\right)^{2}\right]r^{2}\sin\theta d\theta dr,\label{eq:Reg}
\end{equation}
where $\lambda_{r}$ and $\lambda_{\theta}$ are regularization parameters
which may be tuned to obtain a smooth solution. We apply the constraint
$\psi=0$ at the upper boundary. We use two different methods based
on the regularized least squares (RLS) technique to obtain unknown
coefficients in the Equation (\ref{eq:psi}) by minimizing the misfit
function.

\subsection{First method}

After substituting Equation (\ref{eq:psi}) into Equation (\ref{eq:misfit})
and taking derivatives with respect to unknown coefficient $a_{i\ell}$,
we obtain a system of equations which is written in matrix form,
\begin{equation}
(M^{T}\Lambda M+M_{\text{Reg}})a=M^{T}\Lambda\tau,\label{eq:matrix_form}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
M_{ij}=\int K_{i}(r,\theta)B_{k}(r)\frac{dP_{\ell}(\cos\theta)}{d\theta}rdrd\theta,\label{eq:M_matrix}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\Lambda=\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
\frac{1}{\sigma_{1}^{2}} & 0 & 0 & ..\\
0 & \frac{1}{\sigma_{2}^{2}} & 0 & ..\\
.. & .. & .. & ..\\
.. & .. & 0 & \frac{1}{\sigma_{n}^{2}}
\end{array}\right),\label{eq:Lamda_matrix}
\end{equation}
$M_{\text{Reg}}$ is the Regularization matrix and it is obtained
from Equation (\ref{eq:Reg}). Each pair of $(k,\ell)$ determines
an unique index $j$ in Equation (\ref{eq:M_matrix}). The column
vector $a$ is composed of expansion coefficients $\{a_{i\ell}\}$
of Equation (\ref{eq:psi}) and is obtained by solving the Equation
(\ref{eq:matrix_form}).
\begin{equation}
a=(M^{T}\Lambda M+M_{\text{Reg}})^{-1}M^{T}\Lambda\tau.\label{eq:inverse_eqn}
\end{equation}
The inverse of the matrix in Equation (\ref{eq:inverse_eqn}), which
may be obtained using many methods, is computed here using singular
value decomposition.

\subsection{Second method}

Misfit from Equation (\ref{eq:misfit}) with the regularization can
be satisfied if we solve following system of equations to obtain the
unknown coefficients in the Equation (\ref{eq:psi})
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{\sigma_{i}}\int_{\odot}K_{i}(r,\theta)\psi(r,\theta)\,r\,drd\theta & = & \frac{1}{\sigma_{i}}\delta\tau_{i},\label{eq:kernel_time_eqn}\\
\lambda_{r}\frac{\partial^{2}\psi(r_{k},\theta_{m})}{\partial r^{2}} & = & 0,\label{eq:norm_r}\\
\lambda_{\theta}\frac{\partial^{2}\psi(r_{k},\theta_{m})}{\partial\theta^{2}} & = & 0,\label{eq:norm_theta}
\end{eqnarray}
$\left(r_{k},\theta_{m}\right)$ is one of many points in the grid
on which we place constraints (\ref{eq:norm_r}) and (\ref{eq:norm_theta})
in order to obtain smooth solution. The Condition number of the matrix
for the second method is better than the first method.

\section{Inversion for synthetic data without and with noise\label{wo_noise}}

Systematic errors can appear from the fact that we use finite numbers
of Legendre polynomials and B-spline knots to expand the stream function.
This error decreases with increasing numbers of knots for B-spline
and degree of Legendre polynomials. However, the tradeoff is that
the condition number of the problem becomes correspondingly larger.
We define the misfit function for this case as
\[
\chi_{\text{MF}}=\sum_{i}\left(\int K_{i}\psi(r,\theta)rdrd\theta-\delta\tau_{i}\right)^{2}+\text{Regularization}.
\]
In our work, we consider 40 knots in the radial direction and all
even values for $\ell$ with highest degree $16$ for Legendre polynomials
in the Equation (\ref{eq:psi}). In order to validate our inversion
algorithm, we first consider a few profiles e.g., single cell, double
cell and estimate the travel time corresponding to that profile by
forward modeling. We perform inversions with these travel-time measurements
and compare the retrieved profile with the original one.

After ensuring that systematic errors do not affect the inversion,
we add realization noise into the travel-time measurements (obtained
in the previous section). We assume that noise is Gaussian and randomly
perturb the travel time in proportion with errors found in observations.
We then perform inversions with these travel-time data and compare
the retrieved profile with the original one. In this case, we consider
the misfit function (\ref{eq:misfit}). We are only going to present
inversion results for noisy synthetic data in this paper. As expected,
inverted profiles obtained using noise-free measurements agree better
than those obtained using noisy travel times.

In order to get reliable noise estimates, we follow the approach of
\citet{2015ApJ...813..114R}. We randomly perturb the travel-time
according to the error in the observation. We estimate the velocity
and the associated standard deviation of these values, thereby propagating
measurement to inferential errors.

We test our inversion algorithm with artificial single and double
cell profiles to verify that we can retrieve both profiles, even in
presence of the observational error. Velocity amplitudes of both the
cells are $20\,\text{m/s}$ at the surface, close to what observationally
found. The single-cell profile extends down to $0.75\,R_{\odot}$
before it changes sign. For the double-cell profile, the first cell
extends down to $0.85\,R_{\odot}$ and second ends at $0.70\,R_{\odot}$.
We generate artificial travel-time data with these two cells and add
random errors. We then choose smoothing parameters in order to obtain
a smooth solution from noisy travel-time data. The results for single
cell profile are shown in Figure (\ref{fig:synthetic_single}). We
have shown both input and inverted profiles together for comparison.
It is seen that our inversion is able to recover the input profile
fairly well. The result for the double-cell profile is shown in Figure
(\ref{fig:synthetic_double}). Again, we find good agreement between
inverted and input profiles. In both cases, we are also able to recover
the radial component of the velocity, $v_{r}$ well. The depth dependence
of the velocity profiles $v_{\theta}$ and $v_{r}$ averaged over
latitude have been shown in Figure (\ref{fig:synthetic_radial_profile})
for single and double-cell cases. We can see that our inversion accurately
recovers the depth profile of $v_{\theta}$. In Figure (\ref{fig:synthetic_travel_time}),
we have compared the input travel-time with that obtained from the
inverted profile by forward modeling. All these results give us the
confidence to proceed further and perform inversions with observed
travel-time measurement data.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{travel_time_compare_label}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:synthetic_travel_time}Left panel shows travel times corresponding
to the single-cell profile (see panels a and c of Figure \ref{fig:synthetic_single}).
Mid panel: travel-times of left panel are randomly perturbed in proportion
with observed errors, later used for inversion are shown. Right panel:
travel-time obtained using the inverted profile of the stream function
using Equation (\ref{eq:kernel_psi}). }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_single_theta_o_label}\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_single_vtheta}
\par\end{centering}

\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_single_r_o_label}\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_single_vr}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:synthetic_single} Synthetic inversion with a single-cell
profile after including noise. We have chosen an input stream-function
profile corresponding to single-cell flow. Panels a and c show profiles
of $v_{\theta}$ and $v_{r}$ respectively obtained from that stream
function using Equation (\ref{eq:streamfn}) and (\ref{eq:streamfn1}).
Panels b and d display the corresponding inverted profile of $v_{\theta}$
and $v_{r}$ using artificial travel times shown in Figure (\ref{fig:synthetic_travel_time}).
Northward velocity is positive and vice versa.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_double_vtheta_o}\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_double_vtheta_r}
\par\end{centering}

\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_double_vr_o}\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{synthetic_double_vr_r}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:synthetic_double}Synthetic inversion with a double-cell
profile after including noise. Panels a and c show inputs $v_{\theta}$
and $v_{r}$ respectively whereas panels b and d display corresponding
inverted profiles.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{synthetic_vtheta_single_dLegen_Bangle}\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{synthetic_vr_cut_single}

\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{synthetic_vtheta_cut_double}\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{synthetic_vr_cut_double}

\caption{\label{fig:synthetic_radial_profile}Synthetic inversion with noise.
Depth dependence of input (dashed line) and inverted profiles (solid
line) of $v_{\theta}$ (left panels) and $v_{r}$ (right panels) averaged
over latitudes mentioned in plot legends are plotted with error bars.
Upper panels and lower panels show results for single-cell case and
double-cell case respectively.}
\end{figure}

\section{Results}

We use travel-time measurements of meridional circulation obtained
from analyses of 6 years of observational data by SDO/HMI in the periods
between 2010 to 2016. As mentioned before, we perform inversions to
determine stream function $\psi$ and evaluate components of flow,
$v_{r}$ and $v_{\theta}$, using Equation (\ref{eq:streamfn1}) and
(\ref{eq:streamfn}). We find similar results by using two methods
as described in section (\ref{sec:inversion-technique}). Inversion
results are shown in Figure (\ref{fig:MC_6y_vtheta}) and (\ref{fig:cut_v_theta}).
The results are qualitatively similar to those obtained by \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R}
using ray theory. We plot depth variations of horizontal and radial
flows, $v_{\theta}$ and $v_{r}$, averaged over the latitude range
described in the Figure (\ref{fig:cut_v_theta}). We find that the
return flow is below $0.78\,R_{\odot}$ at all latitudes. Similar to \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R},
we also see sign change in $v_{\theta}$ at low latitudes below $0.9\,R_{\odot}$.
However this is not significant when considering the size of the error
bar (see Figure \ref{fig:cut_v_theta}). We are unable to completely
rule out the picture of multiple-cell meridional circulation because
of this. At higher latitudes, it clearly represents a single-cell
profile. Inverted profile for radial velocity $v_{r}$ (right panel
of Figure \ref{fig:MC_6y_vtheta}) suggests that flow is directed
outward at lower latitude and inward at higher latitude.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{MC_6y_vtheta.eps}\includegraphics[scale=0.6,clip=true]{MC_6y_vr.eps}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:MC_6y_vtheta}Meridional circulation profile after inverting
observed wave travel times. Left panel shows a cross-sectional view
of the horizontal component of the flow $v_{\theta}$ and the right
panel shows the radial component of the flow $v_{r}$ in the $(r,\theta)$
plane. }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{MC_6y_cut_vtheta_final}\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{MC_6y_vr_cut_final}

\caption{\label{fig:cut_v_theta}Meridional circulation profile. Radial dependencies
of $v_{\theta}$ (left panel) and $v_{r}$ (right panel), averaged
over the described latitude range with error bars. }
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion and conclusion}

Owing to its significant importance for the understanding of solar
dynamo process, there have been several attempts using different techniques
to infer meridional circulation. Due to systematic errors and associated
small magnitudes, inferred models of this circulation tend to vary
widely from one study to another \citep{2013ApJ...774L..29Z,2015ApJ...805..133J,2015ApJ...813..114R,2017ApJ...845....2B,2017ApJ...849..144C}.
In this work, we introduce a combination of techniques to improve
the accuracy of the inference and the condition number of the inverse
problem: (1) to ensure mass conservation we use stream function, (2)
we compute sensitivity kernels for stream function in the first-order
Born approximation and (3) we project the solution on a cubic B-spline,
derivatives of Legendre-polynomial basis to reduce the number of free
parameters (4) we assume hemispheric symmetry and only consider even
Legendre polynomials. In order to validate this method, we test it
on single and double-cell models of the meridional circulation. Surface-velocity
amplitudes of these profiles are chosen so as to be close to the observational
value. We compute synthetic travel times by integrating Born kernels
against the stream function and add randomly generated noise in proportion
to observational errors.

Upon successful validation, we apply the method to infer meridional
circulation from travel-time measurements obtained from 6 years of
SDO/HMI observational data. We find qualitatively similar results
to those of \citet{2015ApJ...813..114R}. Our inversion results suggest
a single cell profile covering $\pm60^{\circ}$ in latitude and up
to $0.7\,R_{\odot}$ in depth in the radial direction. We find a sign
change in the horizontal component of the velocity, $v_{\theta}$
beneath $0.9\,R_{\odot}$ within $\pm20^{\circ}$ in latitude but
is inconclusive considering the size of the error bar. We find equatorward
return flow below $0.78\,R_{\odot}$.

Our analysis period almost exactly overlaps with analysis period of
\citet{2017ApJ...849..144C}. Differences in the two inversion results
might be due to following factors. We have not removed surface magnetic
regions in order to obtain travel time induced by solar meridional
flow. \citet{2015ApJ...805..165L} have demonstrated that not removing
surface magnetic regions affects the travel time measurements. We
have accounted for local mass conservation and also employed Born
kernels, whereas \citet{2017ApJ...849..144C} have not considered
mass conservation and used ray kernels.

\citet{2008ApJ...689L.161B} have shown that in order to infer the
depth profile of a weak signal like the solar meridional flow in the
entire convection zone, many years of data are needed. However, during
this period, the flow might change as a function of phase of solar
activity cycle. In that case, we can only obtain an average meridional
flow profile for the time period of the analysis. Improvements such
as including full covariance matrix as \citet{2017ApJ...845....2B}
have suggested and accounting for line-of-sight effects (latter is
only possible in wave-theoretic approach) is reserved for our future
studies.

K. M acknowledges the financial support provided by the Department
of Atomic Energy, India. SMH acknowledges support from Ramanujan Fellowship
SB/S2/RJN-73 and the Max-Planck Partner group program.

\bibliographystyle{apj}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We just love our new Danelian Luck New Year charms!
So colorful we styled them up with some of our fav Givenchy pieces.
but still be a timeless classic!
Continue your collection of Danelian New Year charms designed by Myrto Danelian..


text:
Columbia City's Kyndra Sheets drives against Snider's Jordyn Poole during a November 15 game.
Games don't get much better than those with distinct stylistic clashes. Look no further than Tuesday's game between Snider and Columbia City for that.
There were a lot of good games on the schedule Tuesday but if you look towards Homestead and Carroll, you'll see that they ended up pretty lopsided. The styles of each of their opponents from the NE8 meshed close enough to the styles of the Spartans and the Chargers that once the gap was built, it was going to be hard to change a pace or change an outcome. That simply wasn't the case at Snider as the Panthers hosted the Eagles in what could very easily end up being the best game in the area all season.
In the end, there was just enough Columbia City to pull off the 55-50 win, one that means little for anything other than early season momentum. But it's a lot of early season momentum to strike down what will again develop to be a really dangerous and deadly Snider program.
There was a time late in the first half that it looked like Columbia City's style was too much. Sure Snider was pressuring the ball and sometimes pressing in the full court, but patience and reading the court was winning out for the Eagles. After a pretty back and forth first quarter where neither team gained much of an advantage in score or momentum, the Eagles' edge in the second flowed so well. They found their way out of the full court pressure, seeing their way to long skip passes that sometimes even presented 2-on-1 situations in the front court. Columbia City though never really forced anything with the advantage, constantly passing up good shots for great shots later in the possession.
It was that extra pass or two that really opened a gap for the Eagles late in the first half. Feed the post, work it back outside, swing the ball, make an extra pass and boom, there is a three pointer. It happened time and time again as the Eagles flexed their style strong. Patience and the three ball is big in high school basketball and Columbia City proved Tuesday night they can do that over and over again.
The Eagles also peppered the first half with big offensive rebounding that would give them second or third chances to work the ball and win scrambles to lead to open threes from the likes of Kyndra Sheets and Tessa Tonkel.
Snider's Tia Phinezy works the post against Columbia City on November 15.
The second half saw Snider's style win. It didn't take long to erase the 10 point halftime deficit with that pressure and run and gun acumen of the Panthers. Their press was tighter and caused more chaos, forcing the Eagles to get off shots that weren't on par with their first half selection and came far too early in possessions. Considering that Snider seemed to fix what had ailed them on the defensive glass, those early possession Eagle three point attempts fell flat. So Snider charged back with Jordyn Poole simply taking over, out quicking everyone to the rim and mixing in pull up or step back jumpers. Once the Eagles got drawn into Poole more, it was easier for Snider to get more people involved with great backdoor cuts and post feeds.
All of the sudden the game was back to neck and neck just because Snider's intensity put so much pressure on Columbia City, it looked like the Eagles couldn't even catch their breath.
Poole's buzzer beating three pointer in the third to make it a 48-44 game in Columbia City's favor was a huge momentum burst for the Panthers.
Credit to for Snider's defense and not just in the full court press. Once Columbia City's three pointers weren't falling, they had to go back to a game with getting to the rim. They had some success with it in both halfs and I won't say they didn't. But the interior defense of Snider's Tia Phinezy was stout. I'm not sure how many blocks she actually ended up with but it had to have felt like dozens to Columbia City at the times they tried and failed to convert at the rim. Those blocks weren't just big, they were emphatic, often knocking the shooter to the floor just due to her pure force on the ball when blocking it.
It all culminated in a great game tied at 48 for what seemed like forever. Both teams offensive execution was good tied at 48 but the defenses seemed better.
Tessa Tonkel got what proved to be the winning basket for the Eagles. Down 50-49, the Eagles swung the ball to the top of the key and Tonkel cut from the left corner to get wide open under the basket where Addison Baxter found her for a reverse layup with just under a minute to play. It was a great close for the Eagles after a great game.
Sheets led Columbia City with 13 points, joined in double figures by Baxter's 11. The Eagles hit just five three pointers in the game, but they were the most impactful shots of the entire contest. Baxter added seven rebounds and four steals for the Eagles.
Snider saw Poole lead them with a game high 18 points while Ciara Sims added 10.
Addison Baxter
Jordyn Poole
Kyndra Sheets
Tessa Tonkel
Tia Phinezy
2022 BOYS HOOPS PREVIEW: No. 9 Carroll Chargers
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Is this charger for plugging one end into my iPhone 4s and the other end into a normal plug socket in my house in the UK?
Not exactly. One end plugs into the normal UK plug socket. The other end is a usb socket for plugging a USB cable into. So you still need the cable to go from this to your iPhone 4s.
is there a belkin car charger thats compatible with an iPhone 4S?