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Professor Peter Whelan
Position: Professor of Law
Email: P.Whelan@leeds.ac.uk
Location: 2.16 Liberty Building
Website: Personal Website | Wikipedia | Twitter | LinkedIn
I am a Professor of Law who specialises in both competition law and criminal law. I am the Deputy Director of the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies, which is based in the School of Law.
I hold both a Degree in Law and French and a Master of Laws from Trinity College Dublin. During my primary degree, I spent a university year studying French law at the Université de Poitiers, France. I came first overall in my class in my Senior Freshman year at Trinity. I also hold a PhD in Law from St John's College, University of Cambridge. I am a US Attorney-at-Law and a registered member of the New York State Bar.
I have published widely in specialist competition law journals (in the US and in Europe) as well as in generalist law journals (including Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Cambridge Law Journal and Modern Law Review). To date my research has been cited in over 350 publications. For my work on antitrust criminalisation, I won the 'Reddy Charlton McKnight Prize for Legal Scholarship', which was awarded by the Trinity College Law Review. I have been nominated twice for an 'Antitrust Writing Award' (in 2014 and 2019), which is co-organised annually by Concurrences Review and George Washington University Law School Competition Law Center.
My research has been cited in European and South American judgments. My work on antitrust criminalisation was quoted with approval by Mr Justice McKechnie in the Central Criminal Court (High Court) in Dublin in the leading Irish criminal cartel case of DPP v. Duffy and Duffy Motors (Newbridge) Ltd [2009] IEHC 208. In December 2017, my book on cartel criminalisation was relied upon and cited in a judgment rendered by the Competition Tribunal of Chile: Judgment No. 160/2017. My work on hub-and-spoke cartels was quoted in a reply submitted to the Competition Tribunal of Chile by counsel for Walmart Chile in the case Requerimiento de la Fiscalía Nacional Económica en contra de Cencosud S.A. y otras, Rol C-304-2016. My work on selective distribution has also been cited in an antitrust decision of the Swiss Competition Commission: Online-Handels, 11 July 2011. My research has also been referenced in soft law (official guidelines) in Africa: Discriminatory Conduct Guidelines, Competition Authority of Botswana, December 2014. In October 2018, my work on cartel criminalisation was quoted and expressly endorsed in the New Zealand Parliament during the Second Reading of their Commerce (Criminalisation of Cartels) Amendment Bill.
In November 2012, I presented oral evidence to the Commerce Committee of the New Zealand Parliament on Clause 18 of their Commerce (Cartels and Other Matters) Amendment Bill. In the spring of 2013, I was a Visiting Professor at the Institute of International Trade and Law in Moscow, Russia. In 2013, I was appointed as an International Expert by the Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority (FCCA) and in that position wrote a report advising the Finnish Ministry of Justice on the desirability of introducing criminal cartel sanctions in Finland. In Bucharest in 2014, I provided training in EU competition law to judges at various levels of the Romanian judiciary. Since 2016 I have been a Non-Governmental Advisor to the International Competition Network, which comprises over 130 of the world's competition authorities. In 2018 at the Supreme Court of Latvia, I participated in a roundtable discussion with the Chief Justice of Latvia and a number of senior judges which focused on my research on cartel enforcement. In April 2018, in Santiago, I delivered lectures on my research at both the National Economic Prosecutor's Office of Chile and the Competition Tribunal of Chile. In 2018 I gave oral evidence to the New Zealand Parliament for the second time, on that occasion to the Economic Development, Science and Innovation Committee concerning the Commerce (Criminalisation of Cartels) Amendment Bill. In Delhi in January 2019, I also gave oral evidence to the Competition Law Review Committee, which was set up by the Indian Government to review and propose amendments on its competition law regime.
I am an Associate Member of the Centre for Competition Policy and am a peer-reviewer of grant applications under the Newton Fund of the British Council. I am a member of the peer-review colleges of the Irish Research Council, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, and the Australian Research Council. In 2018 I was appointed as a Member of the Outer International Assessment Board for the Government of Ireland's Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme. I have also acted as an external reviewer of grant applications for the National Science Centre, one of Poland's main research councils. In Oslo in September 2018, I acted as a member of an international peer-review panel for the Research Council of Norway.
I am the Managing Editor of Oxford Competition Law, an innovative online national competition law case-reporting service operated by Oxford University Press. I also sit on the Editorial Boards of five journals: World Competition; Journal of Antitrust Enforcement; New Journal of European Criminal Law; Romanian Competition Journal; and Journal of Financial Crime. I am also a reporter on European competition law developments for Competition Policy International.
I have presented my research on six continents and in almost thirty countries. For example, I have delivered guest lectures at the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, University College London, Queen's University Belfast, Strathclyde University, City University, Hong Kong University, the Institute of International Trade and Law (Russia), the University of Melbourne (Australia), Istanbul Bilgi University (Turkey), the University of Bergen (Norway), Tel Aviv University (Israel), the University of Warsaw (Poland), Pázmány Péter Catholic University (Budapest, Hungary), the Latvian Law Institute (Riga, Latvia), NALSAR (Hyderabad, India), Christ University (Bangalore, India) and the National Law School of India University. I have also presented papers at a number of prestigious conferences, including in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Spain, the United States, and at the Competition Appeal Tribunal in London. I have participated at the by-invite only annual symposium on antitrust enforcement held in Washington DC, which is organised by the Journal of Antitrust Enforcement. I have presented my research at both the Annual Conference and the Annual Cartel Workshop of the International Competition Network. I have also delivered keynote addresses at competition law conferences in the Netherlands and Chile, at the Competition Authority of Kenya in Nairobi, and at the Peruvian competition authority in Lima.
I was recently a co-investigator on the project 'EU Social and Labour Rights under Internal Market Law', which was funded by the European Parliament to the tune of €118,000 (Reference: IP/A/EMPL/ST/2014-02). I have also worked on competition law projects for DG Sanco (European Commission), Consumers International, British Telecom, the Competition Committee of the OECD, and the British Brands Group.
To date, my research has been relied upon by the Australian Senate (in an official report), the Finnish Competition Authority, the International Competition Network, researchers at the Dutch Competition Authority, the (then) Chairman of the UK Competition Commission (in two policy speeches), the Chairman of the New Zealand Commerce Commission (in a report for the American Bar Association), the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (in a submission to Parliament), the Federation of German Consumer Organisations (in a submission to the European Commission), the Business and Industry Advisory Committee (in a submission to the OECD), the Western Australian Independent Grocers Association (in a submission to Australia's Competition Policy Review Panel), the UK Cabinet Office (in a commissioned report), the Korean Consumer Agency (in a commissioned report), the Competition Authority of El Salvador (in a submission to the OECD), UNCTAD, legal counsel at the Competition Commission of South Africa, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment in New Zealand, the Research Office of the Danish Ministry of Justice, the Competition Committee of the OECD and researchers in the Competition Commission of India and the Ministry of Economic Development in New Zealand.
I have been the subject of a feature in the 'Academic Life' section of Latvia's main legal periodical (Jurista Vards) and have been interviewed and cited by a number of international journalists (including for Russia Today TV; MLex Magazine; the Policy and Regulatory Report; the Verge; Politico).
I am an elected member of the Council of the Society of Legal Scholars ('SLS'). I also sit on the Research Grants Committee of the SLS. I am also a Member of the Academic Society for Competition Law.
I am a member of the Peer Review College of the White Rose College of the Arts and Humanities, where from 2019-2022, I will act as a Member of its Thought Cluster Committee.
Within the University of Leeds, I am a member of the following:
The Senate;
The Court;
The ESSL Faculty Forum; and
The REF Reading Group, School of Law.
In previous years I was a member of: the Examinations Group of the University's Graduate Board (2015-2017); the ESSL Faculty Board (2015-2018); the ESSL Graduate School Committee (2015-2017); the School Management Team, School of Law (2015-2017); and the Research Committee, School of Law (2014-2017).
Prior to my coming to Leeds in 2013, I was a Senior Lecturer in Law at the UEA Law School, University of East Anglia and was a Faculty Member of the ESRC Centre for Competition Policy. Before moving to UEA, I was the Research Fellow in Competition Law at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL) in London. In addition to conducting competition law research for BIICL, I also provided training in EU competition law to various consumer organisations across 14 EU Member States. I was also a Research Assistant (to Professor Sciarra) at the University of Cambridge and was the Managing Editor of the Cambridge Law Review. Before starting my academic career, I worked in New York City and in the People's Republic of China.
Deputy Director, Centre for Criminal Justice Studies
My main research interests lie in criminal law and in EU, US and UK competition law. I am particularly interested in all aspects of competition law enforcement, anticompetitive agreements, cartel criminalisation, parental liability in competition law, international cooperation in competition law and the objectives of competition law.
I have written a leading monograph on the topic of cartel criminalisation (published by Oxford University Press). I am currently writing a monograph on parental liability in EU competition law; it will be published in due course by Oxford University Press.

Research projects

Any research projects I'm currently working on will be listed below. Our list of all research projects allows you to view and search the full list of projects in the faculty.

PhD in Law
PG Cert (HEP)
LLB (Ling Franc)
New York State Bar
Academic Society of Competition Law
Society of Legal Scholars
Higher Education Academy
I currently teach on the following modules:
Criminal Law (LAW1260, 2065 and 2066);
Central Issues in Criminal Law (LAW5065M);
Competition Law (LAW2426); and
International Competition Law (LAW5445M).
I am the Module Organiser for both Central Issues in Criminal Law and International Competition Law.
In previous years I have also taught Tort Law, Contract Law, EU Law, US Law, Legal Skills, and Understanding Crime. I also supervise undergraduate and postgraduate dissertations in various areas of law. I have also judged numerous moots involving undergraduate students.
I hold a Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education Practice, which was awarded by the University of East Anglia.
From 2012 until 2016, I acted as an external examiner for seven law modules on the LLB and LLM programmes at Newcastle Law School, the University of Newcastle.
In 2017, I was appointed to the Judging Panel of the Undergraduate Awards, the world's largest international academic awards programme that acknowledges the brightest and most innovative undergraduate students.
I am a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.
I am happy to supervise PhD students in areas of my expertise, especially in competition law.
I currently supervise five full-time PhD students:
Magali Eben (competition law);
John Gannon (competition law);
Omar Mashjari (competition law);
Khaled AlRashidi (corruption); and
Zeynab Malakoutikhah (terrorist financing).
To date I have supervised four PhD students to completion and have acted as an examiner for a variety of PhD and MA theses, at both home and abroad. I have been nominted twice for a Partnership Award for my PhD supervision.
P. Whelan, Parental Liability in EU Competition Law, Oxford University Press, forthcoming
P. Whelan, The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement: Theoretical, Legal, and Practical Challenges, Oxford University Press, 2014
Books (edited collections)
A. Almasan and P. Whelan (eds), The Consistent Application of EU Competition Law - Substantive and Procedural Challenges, Springer, 2017
P. Marsden, M. Hutchings OBE and P. Whelan (eds), Current Competition Law V, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, 2007
P. Whelan, 'Beyond the Theoretical: Articulating Enforcement Strategies for Successful European Antitrust Criminalization' (2016) 81(1) Antitrust Law Journal 235
P. Whelan, 'Section 47 of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013: A Flawed Reform of the UK Cartel Offence' (2015) 78(3) Modern Law Review 493
P. Whelan, 'Cartel Criminalization and the Challenge of Moral Wrongfulness' (2013) 33(3) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 535
P. Whelan, 'Cartel Criminalisation and Due Process: The Challenge of Imposing Criminal Sanctions Alongside Administrative Sanctions within the EU' (2013) 64(2) Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 143
P. Whelan, 'Strengthening Competition Law Enforcement in Ireland: The Competition (Amendment) Act 2012' (2013) 4(2) Journal of European Competition Law and Practice 175
P. Whelan, 'Legal Certainty and Cartel Criminalisation within the EU Member States' (2012) 71(3) Cambridge Law Journal 677
P. Whelan, 'An Argument in Favour of the Passing-On Defence: A Response to Private Actions in Competition Law: A Consultation on Options for Reform' [2012] Competition Law Journal 211
P. Whelan, 'Improving Criminal Cartel Enforcement in the UK: The Case for the Adoption of BIS's "Option 4"' (2012) 8(3) European Competition Journal 589
P. Whelan, 'Trading Negotiations between Retailers and Suppliers: A Fertile Ground for Anti-Competitive Horizontal Information Exchange?' (2009) 5(3) European Competition Journal 823
P. Whelan, 'Morality and Its Restraining Influence on European Antitrust Criminalisation' (2009) 12 Trinity College Law Review 40
P. Whelan, 'Contemplating the Future: Personal Criminal Sanctions for Infringements of EC Competition Law' (2008) 19(2) King's Law Journal 364
P. Whelan, 'A Principled Argument for Personal Criminal Sanctions as Punishment under EC Cartel Law' (2007) 4(1) Competition Law Review 7
P. Whelan, 'The Role of Third Parties in the Competition Enforcement Landscape: A Critical Review' [2007] Competition Law Journal 41
Articles (co-author)
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'Selective Distribution in the Age of Online Retail' (2010) 31(1) European Competition Law Review 36
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'Re-Examining Trans-Atlantic Divergences in Substantive and Procedural Competition Law' (2009) 10 Sedona Conference Journal 23
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'Intervention and the Internal Market: Contemporary European Competition Initiatives Concerning Distribution in the Market for New Cars' (2008) 4(2) European Competition Journal 485
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, '"Consumer Detriment" and its Application in EC and UK Competition Law' (2006) 27(10) European Competition Law Review 569
M. Hutchings OBE and P. Whelan, 'Consumer Interest in Competition Law Cases' (2006) 16(5) Consumer Policy Review 180
P. Whelan, 'Competition Law and Criminal Justice', chapter in The Intersections of Antitrust, Galloway (ed.), (Oxford University Press, 2018, forthcoming)
P. Whelan, 'European Cartel Criminalisation and Regulation 1/2003: Avoiding Potential Problems', chapter in The Consistent Application of EU Competition Law - Substantive and Procedural Challenges, Almasan and Whelan (eds), (Springer, 2017)
P. Whelan, 'Criminal Antitrust Enforcement and Procedural Fairness: A Critical Analysis', chapter in The Procedural Aspects of the Application of Competition Law, Nagi (ed.), (Europa Law Publishing, 2016)
P. Whelan, 'Criminal Cartel Enforcement in the European Union: Avoiding a Human Rights Trade-Off', chapter in Criminalising Cartels: Critical Studies of an International Regulatory Movement, Beaton-Wells & Ezrachi (eds), (Hart Publishing: Oxford, 2011)
P. Whelan, 'Protecting Human Rights in the Context of European Antitrust Criminalisation', chapter in The Reform of EC Competition Law: Towards an Optimal Enforcement System, Lianos & Kokorris (eds), (Kluwer International: Amsterdam, 2010)
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'The "Consumer Welfare" Standard as a Form of Substantive Protection for Consumers under European Competition Law', chapter in Own Labels, Branded Goods and Competition Policy: The Changing Landscape of Retail Competition, Bernitz & Ezrachi (eds), (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2009)
P. Whelan, 'The CISAC Judgment: How Difficult It Is To Prove a Concerted Practice' (2013) 4(6) Journal of European Competition Law and Practice 486
P. Whelan, 'Resisting the Long Arm of Criminal Antitrust Laws: Norris v. US' (2009) 72(2) Modern Law Review 272
P. Whelan, 'The Degussa Case' (2008) 7(8) Competition Law Insight 13
P. Whelan, 'Private Enforcement and Commission Decisions: The Crehan Case' (2007) 3 Cambridge Student Law Review 108
Legal features
P. Whelan, Criminalización de los Cárteles: Experiencia Comparada y Desafíos, INDECOPI, Lima, Peru, 2019 [E-book in Spanish]
P. Whelan, 'Brexit, Competition Law and The Prospect Of Prison For Price-Fixers', in Fraud and White Collar Crime 2016, Corporate Livewire, London, 2016
P. Whelan, 'Criminal Enforcement' (2013) 9(3) European Competition Journal 595
P. Whelan, 'Article 7 ECHR and the Cartel Offence' (Summer 2012) 23 CCP Research Bulletin 2
P. Whelan, 'Foreword to Special Edition: Criminal Sanctions - An Overview of EU and National Case Law', January 2012, e-Competitions, No.41902
P. Whelan, 'Something of a Burden: Is the Passing-On Defence Appropriate?' (2008) 7(9) Competition Law Insight 5
P. Whelan, 'When Markets are Failing: Part II' (2007) 6(2) Competition Law Insight 6, with P Marsden
P. Whelan, 'When Markets are Failing: Part I' (2007) 6(1) Competition Law Insight 6, with P Marsden
P. Whelan, 'Competition Law Feature: Recent Developments Concerning the Rights of Complainants and Third Parties under both UK and EC Competition Law' [2006] 14 Bulletin of Legal Developments 157
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: Sanctions in EU Competition Law (Frese)' (2015) 11(3) European Competition Journal 637
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: EU Competition Law Handbook (van der Woude et al)' (2015) 36(9) European Competition Law Review 409
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: The Criminal Law of Competition in the UK and in the US (Furse)' (2013) 9(2) European Competition Journal 497
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: Efficiency and Justice in European Antitrust Enforcement (Wils)' (2009) 34(1) European Law Review 160
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: What About Law? (Barnard, O'Sullivan & Virgo, eds)' (2008) 4(2) Cambridge Student Law Review 337
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: The Antitrust Religion(Rockefeller)' (2008) 4(1) European Competition Journal 397
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: Global Competition Law and Economics (Elhauge & Geradin, eds)' (2008) 66(1) Cambridge Law Journal 211
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: Butterworths Competition Law Handbook (Lindrup, ed.)' (2008) 4(1) Cambridge Student Law Review 141
P. Whelan, 'Book Review: Criminalization of Competition Law Enforcement: Economic and Legal Implications for the EU Member States (Cseres, Schinkel & Vogelaar, eds)' (2006) 2 European Competition Journal 451
P. Whelan, 'Ensuring the Effectiveness of Competition Policy: A Case Study of Cartel Criminalisation', paper presented at the 10th Annual Conference on Competition Law, Economics and Policy, Cape Town, South Africa, 6 October 2017
P. Whelan, 'The Appropriateness of the Passing-On Defence in Private Competition Law Enforcement', paper presented at the UKAEL Conference: 'Competition and Private Enforcement: The Next Steps', University College London, 4 July 2008
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'The Concept of Price Discrimination under EC and UK Law', paper presented to the American Bar Association (ABA), Antitrust Teleseminar Series, 27 February 2006
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'The Contribution of Bilateral Trade or Competition Agreements to Competition Law Enforcement Cooperation between Canada and Chile' (London: CEPR, 2005), paper presented at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Conference, Brussels and Paris, April and October 2005
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'The Contribution of Bilateral Trade or Competition Agreements to Competition Law Enforcement Cooperation between Canada and Costa Rica' (London: CEPR, 2005), paper presented at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Conference, Brussels and Paris, April and October 2005
P. Marsden and P. Whelan, 'The Contribution of Bilateral Trade or Competition Agreements to Competition Law Enforcement Cooperation between the EU and Mexico' (London: CEPR, 2005), paper presented at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Conference, Brussels and Paris, April and October 2005
Legal submissions
P. Whelan, 'Submission to the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy's in Response to Modernising Consumer Markets - Consumer Green Paper', 6 June 2018
P. Whelan, 'Submission to the Economic Development, Science and Innovation Committee of the New Zealand Parliament on the Commerce (Criminalisation of Cartels) Amendment Bill', 17 March 2018
P. Whelan, 'Report Examining the Desirability of Introducing Criminal Sanctions for Cartel Activity', Submitted to the Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority, 30 April 2014
P. Whelan, 'Submission to the Commerce Committee of the New Zealand Parliament on the Commerce (Cartels and Other Matters) Amendment Bill', 5 September 2012
P. Whelan, 'Response to Private Actions in Competition Law: A Consultation on Options for Reform', Submission to the (UK) Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, June 2012
P. Whelan, 'Reforming the UK Cartel Offence: A Response to A Competition Regime for Growth: A Consultation on Options for Reform', Submission to the (UK) Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, June 2011
F. Liberatore, P. Marsden, F. Murphy and P. Whelan, 'Reform of Regulation 1/2003: Correcting the Current Lack of Effective Communication: The Competition Law Forum's Submission to the European Commission in relation to its Consultation on Regulation 1/2003', BIICL, London, 30 September 2008
Research groups and institutes
Centre for Business Law and Practice
Current postgraduate researchers
Khaled S. Al-Rashidi
Magali Eben
Zeynab Malakouti Khah
Omar Mashjari

Postgraduate research opportunities

The school welcomes enquiries from motivated and qualified applicants from all around the world who are interested in PhD study. Our research opportunities allow you to search for projects and scholarships.


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Вычесово — деревня в Благовещенском сельском поселении Большесельского района Ярославской области.

Деревня Вычесова указана на плане Генерального межевания Рыбинского уезда 1798 года.

Население
По данным статистического сборника «Сельские населенные пункты Ярославской области на 1 января 2007 года», в деревне Вычесово проживает 1 человек.

География
Деревня расположена на севере района, на левом берегу реки Черёмухи. На противоположном берегу напротив Вычесово стоит деревня Петраково. В 1,5 км к северу от Петраково стоит деревня Фоминское, а в 1 км к востоку деревня Ваганово. Вычесово и три названных деревни расположены на одном окружённом лесами поле. С западной стороны деревни по левому берегу Черёмухи проходит дорога от районного центра Большое Село к самой северной деревне района Головинское. Ближайшая к северу деревня по этой дороге, Шишелово, находится на расстоянии 2 км, а к югу на расстоянии 1,5 км находится Чудиново, лежащая в центре относительно густозаселённой области по берегам реки Мормушка. К западу от Вычесово на расстоянии около 5 км на ходится заболоченный лес, за которым начинается обширное болото Великий Мох.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Большесельского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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You are here: Home / News / Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker endorses Ted Cruz in presidential race
Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker endorses Ted Cruz in presidential race
March 29, 2016 By Andrew Beckett
Gov. Scott Walker
Governor Scott Walker is endorsing Texas Senator Ted Cruz is the race for the Republican presidential nomination.
Walker, who dropped out of the race himself last fall, made the announcement Tuesday morning while speaking with conservative talk show host Charlie Sykes on WTMJ radio.
The GOP governor said he decided to support Cruz because he is a "constitutional conservative" who is willing to take on big government special interests. Walker also said he believes Cruz is the only candidate who can win the nomination outright at the national convention this summer, and then go on to defeat the Democratic nominee in November.
Walker insisted he is "all in" on Cruz, and his endorsement is not just about blocking current front-runner Donald Trump from winning the nomination. "I wanted to make sure that I was supporting someone, I wasn't against something or against someone," Walker said.
The governor said he plans to campaign with Cruz at "multiple events" between now and the state's April 5 presidential preference primary, although no details have been released yet. Walker was scheduled to be at several bill signing ceremonies around the state today, while Cruz was starting his day with a campaign event in Brookfield.
The other two Republican candidates, Trump and Ohio Governor John Kasich, also have events in the state today. All three will appear at a CNN town hall event in Milwaukee later this evening.
Filed Under: News, Top Story

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


D&D London is a group of diverse restaurants, bars and hotels based principally in London, but also with venues in Paris and New York. It was founded by Des Gunewardena and David Loewi (the eponymous D and D) in 2006, following a buyout of Conran Restaurants. Since then the company has become a vital player in London's famous restaurant scene, owning some of the capital's most celebrated restaurants, such as Quaglino's, Le Pont de la Tour, Chelsea's famous Bluebird and city favourite, Coq d'Argent.
Outside London the company has made their mark in the North by opening Crafthouse, Angelica, Issho and East 59th in Leeds, and most recently 20 Stories in Manchester.
D&D London operate in international waters: Alcazar restaurant in Paris and then Guastavino's event space and Bluebird London in New York, and Queensyard.
In 2013, LDC, a leading UK private equity investor, became D&D's new financial partner, with Des Gunewardena, David Loewi and the management team retaining their existing investments. This partnership has led to a period of further rapid expansion through new launches and refurbishment of existing restaurants.
In addition to the restaurants, D&D unveiled a new partnership in 2015, with hospitality catering business, Alexander & Björck.
The group has been recognised as a leading business in caring for the environment and supports a number of charity partners, working on various campaigns throughout the year to cornerstone these partnerships.
Today D&D London is a forward-thinking iconic company that owns and operates 35 restaurants and one award-winning hotel.


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USI condemns TCD attempt to break international & postgrad fees agreement
by USI PUBLICATIONS | Jul 27, 2018 | Education, Featured, Local Affairs, Postgraduates, RELEASES
This content was first published 3 years ago and may be superseded by events or new information. Please bear this in mind when evaluating this news article.
The Union of Students in Ireland (USI) is deeply concerned that senior management in Trinity College Dublin may have reneged on an agreement with their Students' Union that guaranteed that international non-EU and postgraduate multi-year fees would not rise.
The successful 'Take Back Trinity' campaign last term ensured that a Fee Certainty Agreement was secured, protecting students returning from their Summer break from huge fee increases and additional financial barriers to successfully completing College.
Síona Cahill, President of USI, reacting to the news from Trinity stated that "It appears that TCD attempted to quietly announce a 5% fee increase for students in Science, Dentistry, and Medicine – already very lucrative courses for the college. This move by TCD is totally disrespectful of their own students, demonstrating a complete lack of compassion or regard for the wellbeing of the people who come to learn in their institution.
"Again we can see firsthand the exploitative and cruel practices international and postgraduate students are on the receiving end of in Irish Higher Education. International students will be arriving back to Ireland later in the Summer and face significant barriers to accessing accommodation and affordable living with these fee increases piling on the pressure. Meanwhile postgrads are again exploited to fill Institutional coffers, disregarding the huge contributions they make to academic life."
Shane De Rís, President of Trinity College Dublin Students' Union, stated that: "College has completely undermined the fee certainty agreement it approved by introducing these fee rises. Students, hit with this unexpected increases in their already high fees, are now unsure if they can afford to return to their studies and, indeed, to Ireland. These students have been let down once again by an administration which students had began to regain trust and faith in, following the protest period in March. TCDSU fought to protect the interests of our students then, and we will do so now again."
Oisín Coulter, President of Trinity College Graduate Students' Union, added that "Postgraduate and international students have been used as cash cows, with year on year fee increases and no improvement in quality or student services. Postgraduates in particular are badly affected, often already living in extremely precarious financial circumstances. It is unfair and unjust for students not to know how much their education is going to cost, or for them to be used to plug the Universities' deficit."
Síona Cahill further commented: "We again call on Government to act and to ensure college authorities cannot raise fees on a whim for non-EU and postgraduate students. USI advocates for a publicly funded model for Higher Education, but in the short-term the Oireachtas must legislate for fee regulation to prevent this from happening again."
Contact: USI VP Academic Affairs Oisín Hassan: 086 816 5498
NOTES: Fees for non-EU international students and postgraduate students can be raised year-on-year, without regulation.
Last Semester the Take Back Trinity campaign successfully fought accommodation price increases, fee increases for non-EU and postgraduate students, and the introduction of supplemental (repeat exam) fees.
USI is the national representative body for the 354,000 students in third level education on the Island of Ireland. USI works to improve and protect the lives of students every day on academic and social issues through campaigns, training and research.


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Published: July 8, 2020, 1:55 PM
Tags: George Floyd, Ibram X. Kendi, Arts, entertainment, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Angie Thomas, James Baldwin, Bryan Stevenson, Real Talk
Books on race and criminal justice top bestseller lists
Nationwide protests against racism prompt surge on bestseller list
FILE - In this June 7, 2020, file photo, protesters participating in a Black Lives Matter rally march to Downtown Pittsburgh from Mount Washington to protest the death of George Floyd. A national coalition of labor unions, along with racial and social justice organizations, will stage a mass walkout from work July 20, as part of an ongoing reckoning on systemic racism and police brutality in the U.S. (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar, File) (Gene J. Puskar, Copyright 2020 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
NEW YORK – As nationwide protests against racism and police violence continue, readers are seeking out books old and new on race and criminal justice.
Robin Diangelo's "White Fragility," Michelle Alexander's "The New Jim Crow" and Bryan Stevenson's "Just Mercy" were among the works high on the bestseller lists Tuesday of Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.com. Popular books also included James Baldwin's classic "The Fire Next Time," published more than 50 years ago, and a board book for children from National Book Award winner Ibram X. Kendi, "Antiracist Baby," that comes out next week.
The demonstrations began a week ago after a white police officer in Minneapolis put his knee on George Floyd's neck until he stopped breathing and died.
Several of the current bestsellers directly address police violence. Ta-Nehisi Coates' "Between the World and Me," winner of the National Book Award in 2015, is an open letter to the author's son that centers on the murder of an old friend by police. Angie Thomas' "The Hate U Give" is a popular young adult novel, adapted into a feature film of the same name, about a young girl who sees her best friend killed at the hands of police.
Other works range from messages of unity — the "Sesame Street" picture book "We're Different, We're the Same," Latasha Morrison's "Be the Bridge: Pursuing God's Heart for Racial Reconciliation" — to Reni Eddo-Lodge's "Why I'm No Longer Talking to White People About Race."


It is a painful truth that black Americans are ceaselessly reduced to a monotonous mass. Individuals are paraded as representative of the whole, a phenomenon with no shortage of Internet support.
In the midst of racial debate, a popular ploy amongst desperate debaters is to scour the Internet high and low for the black speaker with the opinion that is just as ridiculous and deranged as their own. This tactic is employed on white America's behalf to silence and shut down pain and protest.
Following the maelstrom of compliment and criticism provoked by Beyoncé's recent Super Bowl performance, the critical crowd cheered with the self-serving satisfaction at successfully seeking the black person who "called out" one of his own, when this video surfaced. The speaker was praised for his logic and for "putting her in her place." Toting the tired, overused charge of "double standard," while forcefully spitting towards the camera about how "pissed" the black community would be had the (unfathomable) reverse of Beyoncé's performance occurred, the speaker's unhinged misinterpretation of the performance itself and the reality of race relations in America doesn't make a particularly sound or compelling argument. The video accompanies a feed that is generally self-righteous and critical, reducing black claims of racism to hypocritical or inordinate complaints. With the illogical absurdity of someone desperately drawing forced parallels between blacks and whites, he indolently grapples for undue parallels and comparisons, attempting to summarize what's "not fair," a complicated assessment when addressing two groups with such drastically differing societal standings. This favorite and faulty tactic reserved for those unwilling or incapable of interpreting and analyzing nuances blatantly ignores very present and continued complexities.
Succeeding last summer's Confederate controversy concerning the flag's removal from the South Carolina state capitol, countless Confederate enthusiasts took this same route of attack in an attempt to silence those who pointed out the flag's tenacious racial connotations and offenses, with these hostile rebuttals being directed at agonized African Americans in particular. Facebook feeds fumbled to produce evidence that proved the validity of their stubborn outdated notions and were elated when able to produce proof of the flag's blameless purity. A single image found via Google search of an unknown black man donning a Confederate flag tee shirt could serve as sufficient scholarly confirmation and was brandished in order to banish any statement that pointed out the flag's painful racial history. In spite of the apparel and allegiances of a few however, adoration of the Confederacy and its ideals is undoubtedly and understandably the unpopular opinion within the black community.
Last month, this same crowd rejoiced when Stacey Dash of deflated Clueless fame came forth proclaiming that boycotting the Oscars in response to its diversity issue was itself racist. She cited BET (a network that ironically buoyed her lackluster career) as its equal evil, further highlighting her cluelessness. During the interview that made her preachy denunciation of BET and its ilk the talk of the Internet that week, she claimed that, "if it were the other way around we would be up in arms; it's a double standard," once again portraying African Americans as eager to engage in unfair and unwarranted uproar at every opportunity.
Responses such as these in which a black spokesperson is used to patronizingly reprimand the rest of the black community for taking offense garner thousands of shares, many from white Americans who want to silence valid pains. These well behaved specimens are peddled as proof of the black community's undue unruliness and upset and serve to silence like a scolding school teacher. This ploy promotes the erroneous notion that black Americans are simply whining, hypocritical, or worse–are themselves racist towards white people. This is not an unfamiliar practice, as is evidenced by the familiar and oft misplaced, "what would Martin Luther King say?" rebuke used to tame and shame rightfully disillusioned African Americans when their behavior veers from ideals of the perfect, docile black model citizen. It supports the incorrect idea that when expressing displeasure with the faulty race relations in America, black people are simply wallowing in a false sense of victimhood, that they are "up in arms" for no reason. This school of thought serves to suppress and silence. It accompanies the pathetic and parochial platitude, "we're all human," and the more current "all lives matter." While true and noble enough, these sentiments dangerously detract from addressing very real racial issues. Those who claim the insular stance that race has no significance are those privileged enough or dense enough not to notice.
This tactic employs other members of the black community against the rest in an attempt to silence. With smug satisfaction, white Americans often use this evidence to invalidate the arguments of impassioned and embittered black Americans. Pseudo-enlightened scholars proudly advertise their embracement of a black person's point of view. Using a black model to say what they want to hear supports their racist ideals while simultaneously asserting that they cannot possibly be racist. Conservative media is notorious for toting their token black spokesperson. These Uncle Toms of truth are not representative of black America, and they are certainly not representative of its greater thinkers. They are only benefitting the bigot. These self-detrimental or decontextualized opinions of a few shouldn't mean case closed for the many who are speaking and working towards betterment. They tell the black community that they have no right to be angered or aggrieved.


His investigation takes him from the Gulf of Mexico in Florida to New York and the eastern seaboard of the United States, recently ravaged by super storm Sandy. However, he finds he's not alone in his efforts to find the truth, with both the FBI and the Mob in pursuit of similar, if more sinister objectives. A tale of murder, money laundering, cyber crime, extortion, and betrayal.


text:
var helmet = require('../');

var _ = require('underscore');
var connect = require('connect');
var request = require('supertest');
var assert = require('assert');

function helloWorld(req, res) {
    res.end('Hello world!');
}

describe('csp middleware', function () {

    var POLICY = {
        'default-src': ["'self'", 'default.com'],
        'script-src': ['scripts.com'],
        'style-src': ['style.com'],
        'img-src': ['img.com'],
        'connect-src': ['connect.com'],
        'font-src': ['font.com'],
        'object-src': ['object.com'],
        'media-src': ['media.com'],
        'frame-src': ['frame.com'],
        'sandbox': ['allow-forms', 'allow-scripts'],
        'report-uri': ['/report-violation']
    };

    var AGENTS = {
        'Firefox 22': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:22.0) Gecko/20130405 Firefox/22.0',
            special: true
        },
        'Firefox 23': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:22.0) Gecko/20130405 Firefox/23.0',
            header: 'Content-Security-Policy'
        },
        'Chrome 24': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1312.60 Safari/537.17',
            header: 'X-WebKit-CSP'
        },
        'Chrome 27': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.93 Safari/537.36',
            header: 'Content-Security-Policy'
        },
        'Opera 15': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/33.0.1750.117 Safari/537.36 OPR/15.0.1387.64',
            header: 'Content-Security-Policy'
        },
        'Safari 5.1': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.3 Safari/534.53.10',
            special: true
        },
        'Safari 6': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 1084) AppleWebKit/536.30.1 (KHTML like Gecko) Version/6.0.5 Safari/536.30.1',
            header: 'X-WebKit-CSP'
        },
        'Safari 7': {
            string: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.74.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.2 Safari/537.74.9',
            header: 'Content-Security-Policy'
        }
    };

    function use (policy) {
        var result = connect();
        result.use(helmet.csp(policy));
        result.use(helloWorld);
        return result;
    }

    it('sets headers by string', function (done) {
        var app = use({ 'default-src': 'a.com b.biz' });
        request(app).get('/')
        .expect('Content-Security-Policy', /default-src a.com b.biz/, done);
    });

    it('sets all the headers if you tell it to', function (done) {
        var app = use({
            setAllHeaders: true,
            'default-src': ["'self'", 'domain.com']
        });
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', AGENTS['Firefox 23'].string)
        .expect('X-Content-Security-Policy', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .expect('Content-Security-Policy', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .expect('X-WebKit-CSP', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .end(done);
    });

    it('sets all the headers if you provide an unknown user-agent', function (done) {
        var app = use({ 'default-src': ["'self'", 'domain.com'] });
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', 'Burrito Browser')
        .expect('X-Content-Security-Policy', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .expect('Content-Security-Policy', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .expect('X-WebKit-CSP', /default-src 'self' domain.com/)
        .end(done);
    });

    it('sets the report-only headers', function (done) {
        var app = use({
            reportOnly: true,
            setAllHeaders: true,
            'default-src': ["'self'"],
            'report-uri': '/reporter'
        });
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', AGENTS['Firefox 23'].string)
        .expect('X-Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only', /default-src 'self'/)
        .expect('Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only', /default-src 'self'/)
        .expect('X-WebKit-CSP-Report-Only', /default-src 'self'/)
        .end(done);
    });

    it('throws an error when directives need quotes', function () {
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ 'default-src': ['none'] });
        }, Error);
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ 'default-src': ['self'] });
        }, Error);
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ 'script-src': ['unsafe-inline'] });
        }, Error);
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ 'script-src': ['unsafe-eval'] });
        }, Error);
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ 'default-src': 'self' });
        }, Error);
    });

    it('throws an error reportOnly is true and there is no report-uri', function () {
        assert.throws(function() {
            helmet.csp({ reportOnly: true });
        }, Error);
    });

    _.each(AGENTS, function(agent) {

        if (agent.special) {
            return;
        }

        it('sets the header properly for ' + agent.name, function (done) {
            var app = use(POLICY);
            var header = agent.header;
            request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', agent.string)
            .expect(header, /default-src 'self' default.com/)
            .expect(header, /script-src scripts.com/)
            .expect(header, /img-src img.com/)
            .expect(header, /connect-src connect.com/)
            .expect(header, /font-src font.com/)
            .expect(header, /object-src object.com/)
            .expect(header, /media-src media.com/)
            .expect(header, /frame-src frame.com/)
            .expect(header, /sandbox allow-forms allow-scripts/)
            .expect(header, /report-uri \/report-violation/)
            .end(done);
        });

    });

    it('sets the header properly for Firefox 22', function (done) {
        var policy = _.extend({
            safari5: true
        }, POLICY);
        var app = use(policy);
        var header = 'X-Content-Security-Policy';
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', AGENTS['Firefox 22'].string)
        .expect(header, /default-src 'self' default.com/)
        .expect(header, /script-src scripts.com/)
        .expect(header, /img-src img.com/)
        .expect(header, /xhr-src connect.com/)
        .expect(header, /font-src font.com/)
        .expect(header, /object-src object.com/)
        .expect(header, /media-src media.com/)
        .expect(header, /frame-src frame.com/)
        .expect(header, /sandbox allow-forms allow-scripts/)
        .expect(header, /report-uri \/report-violation/)
        .end(done);
    });

    it("doesn't set the property for Safari 5.1 by default", function (done) {
        var app = use(POLICY);
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', AGENTS['Safari 5.1'].string)
        .end(function(err, res) {
            if (err) {
                return done(err);
            }
            assert(res.header['X-WebKit-CSP'] === undefined);
            assert(res.header['Content-Security-Policy'] === undefined);
            assert(res.header['X-Content-Security-Policy'] === undefined);
            done();
        });
    });

    it('sets the header for Safari 5.1 if you force it', function (done) {
        var app = use({
            safari5: true,
            'default-src': 'a.com'
        });
        request(app).get('/').set('User-Agent', AGENTS['Safari 5.1'].string)
        .expect('X-WebKit-CSP', 'default-src a.com', done);
    });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
GENERAL BUSINESS TERMS AND CONDITIONS
MAVUE PARIS s.r.o., business ID No 06920977, registered office Lublaňská 267/12, Vinohrady, 120 00 Prague 2, incorporated in the Commercial Register maintained by the Municipal Court in Prague, section C, file 291380, represented by executive officer Bc. Sabina Vepřeková.
The Business Terms and Conditions apply to the sale of goods through the on-line store at www.mavue-paris.com
Introductory Provisions
1.1. These Business Terms and Conditions ("Terms and Conditions") of MAVUE PARIS s.r.o., business ID No 06920977, registered office Lublaňská 267/12, Vinohrady, 120 00 Prague 2, incorporated in the Commercial Register maintained by the Municipal Court in Prague, section C, file 291380 ("Seller"), regulate, in accordance with Section 1751(1) of Act No 89/2012, as amended, the Civil Code ("Civil Code") the mutual rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties arising based on a purchase contract ("Purchase Contract") concluded between the Seller and a natural person ("Buyer") through the internet store of the Seller. The Seller and Buyer are collectively referred to as the "Contracting Parties".
The internet store is operated by the Seller on the website at www.mavue-paris.com ("Website") through the website interface ("Store Interface").
1.2. The Terms and Conditions do not apply to cases where a person intending to buy goods from the Seller is a legal person or person who orders goods in the course of their business activity or as part of their business if self-employed.
1.3. It is possible to arrange differing provisions to those in the Terms and Conditions in a Purchase Contract. Different arrangements in a Purchase Contract take precedence over the wording of these Terms and Conditions.
1.4. The Terms and Conditions form an integral part of any Purchase Contract. A Purchase Contract and these Terms and Conditions are issued in the Czech language.
1.5. The Seller may alter, supplement or elaborate the text of the Terms and Conditions. This provision does not affect the rights and obligations arising during the effective period of the prior version of the Terms and Conditions.
2.1. After the Buyer registers on the Website, the Buyer may access his/her user interface. A Buyer may order goods using his/her user interface ("User Account").
If the Web Interface so permits, a Buyer may also order goods directly from the Store Interface without registering.
2.2. During registration on the Website and when ordering goods, the Buyer must provide true data. The Buyer must update the data provided in the User Account at any change thereof. The data provided by the Buyer in the User Account and when ordering goods are considered to be correct by the Seller.
2.3. Access to the User Account is secured using a username (e-mail address) and password. A Buyer must preserve the confidentiality of the information required to access his/her User Account.
2.4. A Buyer is not authorized to allow the use of his/her User Account by third parties.
2.5. The Seller may cancel a User Account, especially in cases when a Buyer has not used the User Account for over 12 months, or in cases when the Buyer breaches his/her obligations from a Purchase Contract (including these Terms and Conditions).
2.6. The Buyer acknowledges that a User Account may not be available non-stop, especially with regard to the necessary hardware and software maintenance of the Seller's equipment, or the necessary hardware and software maintenance of third-party equipment.
Conclusion of a Purchase Contract
3.1. The entire presentation of goods on the Store Interface is of an informational character and the Seller is not obliged to conclude a Purchase Contract regarding these goods. Section 1732(2) of the Civil Code does not apply.
3.2. The Store Interface contains information about goods, including the prices of the individual goods.
The prices of goods are specified including value-added tax (VAT) and all related fees excepting postage.
The prices of goods remain valid for the period for which they are displayed in the Store Interface. This provision is without prejudice to the Seller's ability to conclude a Purchase Contract under individually arranged conditions.
3.3. The Store Interface also contains information about the costs connected with the packaging, transport and delivery of the goods. Information about costs connected with the packaging and delivery of goods indicated on the Store Interface is valid only when the goods are to be delivered inside the Czech Republic.
3.4. To order goods, a Buyer completes the order form on the Store Interface. The order form includes in particular the following information:
3.4.1. the personal data of the Buyer,
3.4.2. the goods ordered,
3.4.3. the payment method for the goods, the required delivery method for the ordered goods,
3.4.4. the costs for the delivery of the goods.
("Order").
3.5. Before sending an Order to the Seller, a Buyer has the opportunity to check and change the data the Buyer has entered into the Order, allowing the Buyer to identify and correct errors that arose when entering the data into the Order.
The Buyer sends the Order to the Seller by clicking on "Confirm Order". The data provided in an Order are considered correct by the Seller.
3.6. The sending of an Order is considered an action by the Buyer that unequivocally identifies the ordered goods, the purchase price, the identity of the Buyer, the method of payment of the purchase price, the method of delivery of the ordered goods and represents a binding draft Purchase Contract for the Contracting Parties.
A condition for validity of an Order is the completion of all the mandatory data in the order form and confirmation from the Buyer that they have read these Terms and Conditions.
3.7. The Seller will confirm receipt of an Order to the Buyer by e-mail to the Buyer's e-mail address indicated in the User Account or in the Order ("Buyer's E-mail Address").
3.8. The Seller is always authorized, depending on the nature of the Order (quantity of goods, purchase price amount, anticipated delivery costs), to require the Buyer to provide additional confirmation of an Order (e.g. by e-mail or by telephone).
3.9. A draft Purchase Contract in the form of an Order is valid for fifteen (15) days.
3.10. A contractual relationship between the Seller and the Buyer is created with the delivery of acceptance of an Order sent by the Seller to the Buyer by e-mail to the Buyer's E-mail Address.
3.11. If the Seller cannot fulfil any of the requirements listed in the Order, it will send a modified offer for the Buyer to the Buyer's E-mail Address indicating the possible alternatives, while the Buyer must respond within ten (10) days in writing to the Seller, while if the Buyer does not respond within this deadline, the Seller has the right to cancel the Order in full.
3.12. A modified offer is considered to be a new draft Purchase Contract and the Purchase Contract is in such a case concluded only with the acceptance by the Buyer via e-mail.
3.13. A Buyer consents to the use of remote means of communication during the conclusion of a Purchase Contract. The costs incurred by a Buyer when using remote means of communication in connection with the conclusion of a Purchase Contract (costs for internet connection, costs for telephone calls) are paid by the Buyer, while these costs will not differ from the basic rate.
Price of the Goods and Payment Terms and Conditions
4.1. The Buyer may pay the price of the goods and any other costs connected with the delivery of goods pursuant to the Purchase Contract to the Seller in the following ways:
4.1.1. cash on delivery at the location determined by the Buyer in the Order;
4.1.2. cash-free transfer to the account of the Seller at Komerční banka a.s., account No 115-6920580287/0100 ("Seller's Account")
4.2. Together with the purchase price, the Buyer must also pay to the Seller the costs connected with the packaging and delivery of the goods at the contractual amount. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the purchase price also includes the costs connected with the delivery of the goods.
4.3. The Seller does not require a deposit or other similar payment from the Buyer. This is without prejudice to Art. 4.6. of the Terms and Conditions relating to the obligation to pay the purchase price for the goods in advance.
4.4. In the event of payment in cash or cash on delivery, the purchase price is payable upon collection of the goods. In the event of a cash-free payment, the purchase price is payable within 14 days from conclusion of a Purchase Contract.
4.5. In the event of a cash-free payment, the Buyer must pay the purchase price for the goods and also indicate the variable symbol of the payment. In the event of a cash-free payment, the obligation of the Buyer to pay the purchase price is fulfilled at the moment the relevant amount is credited to the account of the Seller.
4.6. The Seller is authorized, in particular if the Buyer does not provide additional confirmation of an Order pursuant to Article III of these Terms and Conditions, to require the payment of the whole purchase price before sending the goods to the Buyer. Section 2119(1) of the Civil Code does not apply.
4.7. Any discounts on the price of the goods provided by the Seller to the Buyer cannot be combined.
4.8. If usual in the course of trade or if determined by generally binding legislation, the Seller will issue a tax document (invoice) to the Buyer relating to payments performed based on a Purchase Contract.
The Seller hereby declares that it is not a value-added tax payer. The Seller will issue a tax document (invoice) to the Buyer after the payment of the price of the goods, and send it in written form to the Buyer's address together with the purchase.
Withdrawal from a Purchase Contract
5.1. The Buyer understands that pursuant to Section 1837 of the Civil Code, it is not possible to withdraw from a Purchase Contract, inter alia:
5.1.1. for the delivery of goods whose price depends on fluctuations on the financial market independent of the will of the Seller and that may occur during the deadline for withdrawal from the Purchase Contract,
5.1.2. for the delivery of alcoholic beverages that may be delivered after thirty days and whose price depends on fluctuations on the financial market independent of the will of the Seller,
5.1.3. for the delivery of goods modified upon request of the Buyer or for him/her,
5.1.4. for the delivery of perishable goods and for goods irreversibly mixed with other goods after delivery,
5.1.5. for the delivery of goods in sealed packaging that the Buyer removed from the packaging and that cannot be returned for hygiene reasons,
5.1.6. for the delivery of audio or visual recordings or computer SW if the original packaging has been opened,
5.1.7. for the delivery of newspapers, periodicals or magazines.
5.2. If the situation is not one listed in Article V(5.1.) or another case under which it is not possible to withdraw from a Purchase Contract, the Buyer has, pursuant to Section 1829(1) of the Civil Code, the right to withdraw from a Purchase Contract within fourteen (14) days from acceptance of the goods, while if the subject of the Purchase Contract is multiple types of goods or delivery in multiple parts, this deadline will begin from the date of acceptance of the last delivery of the goods.
Withdrawal from a Purchase Contract must be sent to the Seller within the deadline indicated in the previous sentence.
5.3. For withdrawal from a Purchase contract, a Buyer may use the specimen form provided by the Seller, which forms an annex to these Terms and Conditions. The Seller may send withdrawal from a Purchase Contract to the address of the Seller indicated at the head of this document, meaning these "Terms and Conditions", or by e-mail to info@mavue-paris.com. Article XI of these Terms and Conditions applies for the delivery of withdrawal from a Purchase Contract.
5.4. In the event of withdrawal from a Purchase Contract pursuant to Article V( 5.2.) of these Terms and Conditions, the Purchase Contract is cancelled in full. The goods must be returned to the Seller in an undamaged state and in their original packaging within fourteen (14) days from withdrawal from the Purchase Contract.
If a Buyer withdraws from a Purchase Contract, the Buyer will bear the costs connected with the return of the goods to the Seller, including if the goods cannot be returned by the usual postal route due to their nature.
5.5. In the event of withdrawal from a contract pursuant to Article V( 5.2.) of the Terms and Conditions, the Seller will return the funds accepted from the Buyer to the Buyer within fourteen (14) days from withdrawal from the Purchase Contract, in the same way as the Seller received them from the Buyer, unless agreed otherwise. The Seller is also authorized to return performances provided by the Buyer at the return of the goods by the Buyer in another way if the Buyer consents to this and the Buyer does not incur any additional costs as a result.
If the Buyer withdraws from a Purchase Contract, the Seller is not obligated to return received funds to the Buyer before the Buyer returns the goods.
5.6. The Seller is authorized to unilaterally set off a claim to compensation of damage to the goods against a claim of the Buyer to the return of the purchase price.
5.7. Until the acceptance of the goods by the Buyer, the Seller is entitled to withdraw from a Purchase Contract at any time. In such a case the Seller will return to the Buyer the purchase price without undue delay, through a bank transfer to an account designated by the Buyer.
5.8. Where a gift is provided to the Buyer together with the ordered goods, a gift agreement between the Seller and the Buyer is concluded with a condition subsequent that if the Buyer withdraws from the Purchase Contract, the gift agreement will lose its effect in relation to such gift and the Buyer must return the provided gift together with the goods to the Seller.
Transport of Delivery of the Goods
6.1. If the delivery method is arranged based on a special requirement of the Buyer, the Buyer bears the risk and any eventual additional costs connected with such delivery method.
6.2. If the Seller must, pursuant to a Purchase Contract, deliver goods to a location indicated by the Buyer in an Order, the Buyer must accept the goods upon delivery.
6.3. If, for reasons on the side of the Buyer, it is necessary to repeat a delivery of goods or deliver them in a different way than indicated in the Order, the Buyer shall pay the costs connected with the repeated delivery or the costs connected with the different delivery method.
6.4. When accepting goods from a forwarder, the Buyer shall check that the packaging of the goods has not been opened or damaged and, in the event of any defect, notify the forwarder without delay. If the packaging is found to be damaged and raises suspicion of unauthorized access to the consignment, the Buyer need not accept the consignment from the forwarder.
Rights from defective performance
7.1. The rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties regarding rights from defective performance (warranty complaints) are governed by the respective generally binding legislation, in particular Sections 2099 and subsequent of the Civil Code.
7.2. The Seller is responsible towards a Buyer for ensuring that the goods have no defects when accepted. The Seller is in particular responsible towards a Buyer for ensuring that when the Buyer accepted the goods:
7.2.1. the goods had the characteristics that the Parties arranged, and if no such arrangements were made, then such characteristics that the Seller or the manufacturer described or that the Buyer expected in view of the nature of the goods and based on any advertising,
7.2.2. the goods are suitable for the purpose indicated by the Seller or for which goods of this type are usually used,
7.2.3. the goods correspond to the quality or design of the agreed sample or original, if the quality or design was determined according to an agreed sample or original,
7.2.4. the goods are in the corresponding quantity, size or weight, and
7.2.5. the goods comply with legislative requirements.
7.3. The provisions indicated in Art. 7.2. of the Terms and Conditions do not apply for goods sold for a lower price due to a defect for which the lower price was arranged, for wear to goods caused through their usual use, for used goods for defects corresponding to the level of use or wear that the goods had at acceptance by the Buyer, of if this arises from the nature of the goods.
7.4. Where a defect in the goods is revealed within 6 months from acceptance, it is assumed that the goods were defective at the time of acceptance.
7.5. A Buyer may exercise rights from a defective performance at the Seller at the address of the Seller's business premises in which the acceptance of a warranty complaint is possible in view of the range of sold goods, or potentially also at the registered office or place of business.
The moment of exercise of a warranty complaint is the moment when the Seller receives the goods in question from the Buyer.
7.6. Other rights and obligations of the Parties connected with the liability of the Seller for defects may be regulated by the warranty claims rules of the Seller.
Other rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties
8.1. A Buyer gains exclusive ownership rights to the goods with the payment of the whole of the purchase price for the goods.
8.2. The Seller is not bound by any codes of ethics vis-a-vis the Buyer within the meaning of Section 1826(1)(e) of the Civil Code.
8.3. The Seller will address out-of-court settlement of consumer complaints through the e-mail address info@mavue-paris.com . The Seller will send information about the resolution of a complaint from a Buyer to the Buyer's E-mail Address.
8.4. The Seller is entitled to sell goods based on a valid trade authorization. Trade inspections are carried out by the respective licensing authority (in Czech: živnostenský úřad) within the scope of its powers. Supervision over the protection of personal data is performed by the Office for Personal Data Protection. The Czech Trade Inspection Authority exercises within a defined scope, inter alia, supervision of compliance with Act No 634/1992, on consumer protection, as amended.
8.5. A Buyer hereby accepts the risk of change in circumstances pursuant to Section 1765(2) of the Civil Code.
9.1. Protection of the personal data of the Buyer, if a natural person, is provided through Act No 101/2000, on personal data protection, as amended. From 25 May 2018, the protection of personal data is governed by Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR)
9.2. A Buyer consents to the processing of his/her personal data: name and surname, residence address, ID number, tax ID number, e-mail address, telephone number and date of birth ("Personal Data").
9.3. A Buyer consents to the processing of the Personal Data by the Seller for the purposes of the exercise of the rights and obligations arising from a Purchase Contract and for the purposes of maintaining a User Account. If a Buyer does not select a different option, he/she consents to the processing of the Personal Data by the Seller also for the purposes of sending information and commercial messages to the Buyer. Consent with the processing of the Personal Data within the full scope of this article is not a condition that would, in and of itself, prevent the conclusion of a Purchase Contract.
9.4. A Buyer understands that he/she must present true personal data (at registration, in his/her User Account, during an Order made using the Store Interface) and that he/she must inform the Seller of any change to such Personal Data without undue delay.
9.5. The Seller may entrust the processing of the Personal Data of a Buyer to a third party as processor. Personal data will not be provided to any third party except goods forwarders without the prior consent of the Buyer.
9.6. Personal Data will be processed for an indefinite period of time. Personal Data will be processed in electronic format in an automated manner or in printed format in a non-automated manner.
9.7. A Buyer confirms that the provided Personal Data are accurate and true and that he/she was informed that the provision of the Personal Data is voluntary.
9.8. If the Buyer thinks that the Seller or processor (pursuant to Article IX( 9.5.) are processing his/her Personal Data contrary to the protection of the private and personal life of the Buyer or contrary to the law, in particular if the Personal Data are incorrect in view of the purpose of their processing, he/she may:
9.8.1. ask the Seller or the processor for an explanation,
9.8.2. ask the Seller or the processor to rectify this situation.
9.9. If a Buyer asks for information about the processing of his/her Personal Data, the Seller shall provide him/her with this information. For providing the information according to the preceding sentence, the Seller may request reasonable compensation not exceeding the necessary costs for the provision of such information.
Sending Commercial Messages and Storing Cookies
10.1. A Buyer consents to the sending of information connected with the goods, services or the business of the Seller to the Buyer's E-mail Address, and also consents to the sending of commercial messages by the Seller to the Buyer's E-mail Address.
10.2. A Buyer consents to the storage of cookies on his/her computer. If a purchase on the Website is feasible, and the obligations of the Seller arising from the Purchase Contract can be fulfilled without the saving of cookies on the Buyer's computer, the Buyer may revoke the consent given according to the previous sentence at any time.
11.1. Notices relating to the relationship between the Seller and the Buyer, in particular relating to withdrawal from a Purchase Contract, must be delivered by post in the form of a registered letter unless determined otherwise in the Purchase Contract. Notices are delivered to the relevant contact address of the other Contracting Party and are considered delivered and effective at the moment they are delivered by post, with the exception of a notice on withdrawal from a contract made by the Buyer, when the withdrawal is effective if the notice is sent by the Buyer within the deadline for withdrawal.
11.2. A notice is also considered delivered if the addressee refuses to accept it, if it was not collected within the storage period, or if it was returned as undeliverable.
11.3. The Contracting Parties may deliver their regular correspondence through e-mail to the e-mail address indicated in the Buyer's User Account or indicated by the Buyer in an Order, respectively to the address indicated on the Seller's Website.
12.1. If the relationship established by a Purchase Contract contains an international (foreign) element, the Parties agree that the relationship is governed by the laws of the Czech Republic. This doe snot affect the consumer rights arising from generally binding legal regulations.
12.2. If any provision of the Terms and Conditions is invalid or ineffective or becomes so, it shall be replaced by a provision whose sense is as close as possible to the invalid provision. The invalidity or ineffectiveness of any provision is without prejudice to the validity and effectiveness of the other provisions. Any amendments and supplements to a Purchase Contract or the Terms and Conditions must be made in writing.
12.3. A Purchase Contract, including the Terms and Conditions, is archived by the Seller in electronic form and is not accessible.
12.4. The specimen form for withdrawal from a Purchase Contract forms an annex to the Terms and Conditions.
12.5. Contact Data of the Seller:
the address for delivering returned goods and for correspondence is:
Bc.Sabina Vepřeková, Chmelova 357, Hradec Králové 3, 500 03
E-mail: info@mavue-paris.com, telephone: +420 774 144 709 or +420 777 786 780
Specimen Form for Withdrawal from a Purchase Contract
In ................ on .......................
Name and surname ......................................................................
Address ......................................................................
Contact telephone ......................................................................
Contact e-mail ............................................................................
Re: Withdrawal from a Purchase Contract concluded through the e-shop at www.mavue-paris.com
On ................... I concluded a Purchase Contract with you on your website www.mavue-paris.com using the Order Form, the subject of which was the purchase of the goods listed below:
- ........................................................,
- .......................................................,
The goods were delivered to me on ............................. together with tax document (invoice) number ........................., issued on ......................
Pursuant to Section 1829 and subsequent of Act No 89/2012, as amended, the Civil Code, I am exercising my right to withdraw from the above Purchase Contract within the statutory deadline of fourteen days from the date of acceptance of the goods.
I am returning to you the unused goods in their original unopened packaging as a separate registered consignment (Parcel Delivery to Hand), and concurrently requesting the refund of the purchase price of CZK ......................................
Please send these funds without undue delay but within 14 days from the moment of acceptance of this written withdrawal from the Purchase Contract to the bank account at
..................................................... account No ......................................./.................
customer telephone number:
Thank you for resolving this matter.
Yours faithfully, ...........................................................
name and surname of customer
the address for delivering returned goods for the Czech Republic and for correspondence is:
MAVUE Paris, 34 Avenue des Champ Elysées 750 08 Paris France MAVUE Paris v ČR: Lublaňská 267/12, 120 00 Praha 2 - Vinohrady
Call us now: +420 774 144 709 | +420 777 786 780 (9-17hod.)
Email: info@mavue-paris.com
This site uses cookies to analyze and operate, by using this e-shop, you express your consent to the use of cookies. close


To better understand the role of bats as reservoirs of Bartonella spp., we estimated Bartonella spp. prevalence and genetic diversity in bats in Guatemala during 2009. We found prevalence of 33% and identified 21 genetic variants of 13 phylogroups. Vampire bat-associated Bartonella spp. may cause undiagnosed illnesses in humans.


The water shortages facing South Africa, and the Cape provinces in particular, have driven long-overdue debates about what we, as a country, need to do to augment our meagre water resources.
As a water-scarce country with a growing population, South Africa needs to find more ways than what is currently on offer.
Desalination is seen by some as unsafe and a serious health risk to communities. Yet desalination has widely been used by water-stressed countries to augment their water resources. Desalination has been a major source of water in countries such as Israel and Saudi Arabia. The International Desalination Association said last year that 18 426 desalination plants operate worldwide, producing 86.8-million cubic metres a day and providing water for 300-million people.
The controversy about desalination has led to some citizens, especially in drought-stricken areas, rejecting this option.
More is done to dispel the myths about it.
More needs to be made of the success of the portable desalination plant now up and running in Richards Bay in KwaZulu-Natal. The positive response of the residents there debunks the idea that desalinated water is unhealthy. This water has been tested by experts and the plant provides an extra 10 megalitres of clean drinking water a day.
Cape Town is home to many multinational companies and is a leading tourist destination. If the city is without water for months, it would have a profound effect on the livelihoods of those in the tourism sector.
■ Caron von Zeil's "Reclaim Camissa" project ("Ancient water could solve modern crisis") may be an excellent idea from an historical-restoration point of view, but any claim that the water could "solve" the crisis is pie in the sky.
Indeed, in June 2013 the Cape Times carried a similar article under the headline "Cape's spring water wasted".
Von Zeil's own figures quoted in the article show that the total recoverable water would, at best, supply 3.3% of Cape Town's daily water use, or 0.8 litres of your personal 25 litres after Day Zero — at a very substantial cost.
Von Zeil's impressive-sounding 800 cubic metres per 24 hours is only 800 kilolitres — 0.15% of the city's daily need, or about an eggcupful of water per inhabitant.
Poor insight mars "Brace for one week before Zexit". When will South Africans wake up? The state is captured by the ANC. Never mind the disastrous cadre-employment of the incapable.
We have several ANC leaders telling us they have to wait to rid themselves of the architect of sleaze. The article is the usual he-said, she-said. Journalists should make sense of things, not drivel on. Mr Mumble Mantashe is quoted as saying the people are wrong, asking that we "allow the ANC to deal with its own problems". It is South Africa's problem, not one confined to the fat cats.
We had the old nonsense that "we must find a way for President Zuma to leave with dignity" from false messiah Cyril Ramaphosa. The reasons are many. But the most important is that the ANC wants to continue running the country.
One of the new bosses at Luthuli House tells the mining companies that Zuma said: "I'm not going anywhere." The sad part is that the ANC MPs, who can remove the president, are thinking of their next meal out of the trough. Hopefully, not many of them will be there after 2019.
South Africa is in a mess because of the voting system — a system that favours voting for a party. We all know that the ruling party is abusing its position. This disrespects voters.
It's time for South Africa to be a democracy. Universal suffrage is the first step, but there it stopped. ANC politicians such as Gwede Mantashe are blatant: "People should not interfere with state affairs." Parliament's job is to call the president to order and remove him. It's not the job of some small gang in Luthuli House.
MPs are your elected representatives. Only when we have MPs with constituencies, with each accountable to constituents, will things change. MPs will have to answer to their constituents, who can vote them out for looting and so on.


text:
package edu.umn.csci5801;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import edu.umn.csci5801.model.*;

/**
 * GRADS.java - Class implementing the GRADS interface,
 * which contains all methods available in an API accessible
 * to those who implement other systems interacting with GRADS
 *
 * @author CSCI5801 Fall2014 Group1
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class GRADS implements GRADSIntf {

    private List<User> userList;
    public User currentUser;
    private List<Course> courseList;
    private List<StudentRecord> recordList;

    /**
     * loadUsers() - Loads the list of system usernames and permissions.
     *
     * @param usersFile the filename of the users file.
     * @throws Exception for I/O errors.  SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void loadUsers(String usersFile) throws IOException{
        try {
            List<User> users = new Gson().fromJson( new FileReader( new File(usersFile)), new TypeToken<List<User>>(){}.getType());
            this.userList = users;
        } catch (IOException ioException) {
            System.out.println("IO Exception while Loading Users");
        }
    }

    /**
     * loadCourses() - Loads the list of courses.
     *
     * @param coursesFile the filename of the users file.
     * @throws Exception for I/O errors.  SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void loadCourses(String coursesFile) throws Exception{
        try {
            List<Course> courses = new Gson().fromJson( new FileReader( new File(coursesFile)), new TypeToken<List<Course>>(){}.getType());
            this.courseList = courses;
        } catch (IOException ioException) {
            System.out.println("IO Exception while Loading Courses");
        }
    }

    /**
     * loadRecords() - Loads the list of system transcripts.
     *
     * @param recordsFile the filename of the transcripts file.
     * @throws Exception for I/O errors.  SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void loadRecords(String recordsFile) throws Exception {
        try {
            List<StudentRecord> records = new Gson().fromJson( new FileReader( new File(recordsFile)), new TypeToken<List<StudentRecord>>(){}.getType());
            this.recordList = records;
        } catch (IOException ioException) {
            System.out.println("IO Exception while Loading Records");
        }
    }

    /**
     * setUser() - Sets the user id (X500) of the user currently using the system.
     *
     * @param userId  the X500 id of the user generating progress summaries.
     * @throws Exception  if the user id is invalid.  SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void setUser(String userId) throws Exception {
        if(userList == null) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidStudentListException();
            throw exception;
        }
        else {
            boolean assigned = false;
            for (User u : userList) {
                if (userId.equals(u.getId())) {
                    this.currentUser = u;
                    assigned = true;
                }
            }
            if (!assigned) {
                Exception exception = new InvalidUserException();
                throw exception;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * getUser() - Gets the user id of the user currently using the system.
     *
     * @return  the X500 user id of the user currently using the system.
     */
    public String getUser() {
        if(this.currentUser == null) {
            System.out.println("User Not Assigned");
            return null;
        }
        return this.currentUser.getId();
    }

    /**
     * getStudentIDs() - Gets a list of the userIds of the students that a GPC can view.
     *
     * @return a list containing the userId of for each student in the
     *      system belonging to the current user
     * @throws Exception is the current user is not a GPC.
     */
    @Override
    public List<String> getStudentIDs() throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE){
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("User does not have this access to Student IDs");
            throw exception;
        }
        List<String> studentIDList = new ArrayList<String>();
        try {
            for (StudentRecord sr : recordList) {
                studentIDList.add(sr.getStudent().getId());
            }
        } catch(Exception e){
            Exception exception = new InvalidStudentException("Invalid Students");
            throw exception;
        }
        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(studentIDList);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("studentids.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
        return studentIDList;
    }

    /**
     * getTranscript() - Gets the raw student record data for a given userId.
     *
     * @param userId  the identifier of the student.
     * @return  the student record data.
     * @throws Exception  if the form data could not be retrieved.  SEE NOTE IN
     *      CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public StudentRecord getTranscript(String userId) throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE || (currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT && !(userId.equals(currentUser.getId())))) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("Invalid user");
            throw exception;
        }
        StudentRecord studentRecord = new StudentRecord();
        boolean assigned = false;
        for(StudentRecord sRecord : this.recordList) {
            if(userId.equals(sRecord.getStudent().getId())) {
                studentRecord = sRecord;
                assigned = true;
            }
        }
        if(!assigned) {
            Exception e = new InvalidStudentListException("Student Does Not Exist");
            throw e;
        }

        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(studentRecord);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("studentrecord.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }

        return studentRecord;
    }

    /**
     * updateTranscript() - Saves a new set of student data to the records data.
     *
     * @param userId the student ID to overwrite.
     * @param transcript  the new student record
     * @throws Exception  if the transcript data could not be saved, failed
     * a validity check, or a non-GPC tries to call.  SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void updateTranscript(String userId, StudentRecord transcript) throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE || (currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT && !(userId.equals(currentUser.getId())))) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("Invalid user");
            throw exception;
        }
        int count = 0, index = -1;
        for(StudentRecord sRecord : this.recordList) {
            if(userId.equals(sRecord.getStudent().getId())) {
                index = count;
            }
            count++;
        }
        if(index == -1) {
            Exception e = new InvalidStudentListException();
            throw e;
        }
        this.recordList.set(index,transcript);

        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(this.recordList);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("resources/students.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * addNote() - Appends a note to a student record.
     *
     * @param userId the student ID to add a note to.
     * @param note  the note to append
     * @throws Exception  if the note could not be saved or a non-GPC tries to call.
     * SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public void addNote(String userId, String note) throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE || (currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT && !(userId.equals(currentUser.getId())))) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("Invalid user");
            throw exception;
        }
        if(this.recordList == null) {
            Exception e = new InvalidStudentListException();
            throw e;
        }
        int index = -1, count = 0;
        for(StudentRecord sRecord : this.recordList) {
            if(userId.equals(sRecord.getStudent().getId()))
                index = count;
            count++;
        }
        if(index == -1){
            Exception e = new InvalidStudentListException();
            throw e;
        }
        else {
            this.recordList.get(index).addNote(note);
        }
        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(this.recordList);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("resources/students.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * generateProgressSummary() - Generates progress summary
     *
     * @param userId the student to generate the record for.
     * @returns the student's progress summary in a data class matching the JSON format.
     * @throws Exception  if the progress summary could not be generated.
     * SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public ProgressSummary generateProgressSummary(String userId) throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE || (currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT && !(userId.equals(currentUser.getId())))) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("Invalid user");
            throw exception;
        }
        ProgressSummary progressSummaryReturn = new ProgressSummary();

        //finds studentRecord from data passed in with loadRecords and gets progressSummary
        for(StudentRecord sr : recordList) {
            if (currentUser.getDepartment() == sr.getDepartment() && userId.equals(sr.getStudent().getId())) {
                ProgressSummary progressSummary = new ProgressSummary(sr.getStudent(),
                        sr.getDepartment(), sr.getDegreeSought(), sr.getTermBegan(),
                        sr.getAdvisors(), sr.getCommittee(), sr.getNotes(), sr.getCoursesTaken());
                progressSummary.checkGradStatus(sr.getMilestonesSet());
                progressSummaryReturn = progressSummary;
                break;
            }
        }
        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(progressSummaryReturn);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("progress.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }

        return progressSummaryReturn;
    }

    /**
     * simulateCourses() - Generates a new progress summary, assuming that the student passes the
     * provided set of prospective courses.
     *
     * @param userId the student to generate the record for.
     * @param courses a list of the prospective courses.
     * @returns a map containing the student's hypothetical progress summary
     * @throws Exception  if the progress summary could not be generated or the courses
     * are invalid. SEE NOTE IN CLASS HEADER.
     */
    public ProgressSummary simulateCourses(String userId, List<CourseTaken> courses) throws Exception {
        if(currentUser == null || currentUser.getDepartment() != Department.COMPUTER_SCIENCE || (currentUser.getRole() == Role.STUDENT && !(userId.equals(currentUser.getId())))) {
            Exception exception = new InvalidUserException("Invalid user");
            throw exception;
        }
        ProgressSummary progressSummaryReturn = new ProgressSummary();

        //finds studentRecord from data passed in with loadRecords and gets progressSummary
        for(StudentRecord sr : recordList) {
            if (currentUser.getDepartment() == sr.getDepartment() && userId.equals(sr.getStudent().getId())) {
                sr.appendCourses(courses);
                ProgressSummary progressSummary = new ProgressSummary(sr.getStudent(),
                        sr.getDepartment(), sr.getDegreeSought(), sr.getTermBegan(),
                        sr.getAdvisors(), sr.getCommittee(), sr.getNotes(), sr.getCoursesTaken());
                progressSummary.checkGradStatus(sr.getMilestonesSet());
                progressSummaryReturn = progressSummary;
            }
        }
        String representation = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(progressSummaryReturn);
        try {
            FileWriter out = new FileWriter("simulatedprogress.txt");
            out.write(representation);
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }

        return progressSummaryReturn;
    }
}


text:
Brookfield és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat de Massachusetts. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 3.051 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Brookfield tenia 3.051 habitants, 1.204 habitatges, i 857 famílies. La densitat de població era de 75,9 habitants per km².

Dels 1.204 habitatges en un 32,4% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 57,6% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 9,1% dones solteres, i en un 28,8% no eren unitats familiars. En el 23,8% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 8,8% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,53 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 2,98.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 25,9% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 5,8% entre 18 i 24, un 29,2% entre 25 i 44, un 25,6% de 45 a 60 i un 13,5% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 39 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 93,8 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 45.655 $ i la renda mediana per família de 54.519$. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 38.806 $ mentre que les dones 29.155$. La renda per capita de la població era de 20.144$. Entorn del 3,8% de les famílies i el 6,1% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Referències

Comtat de Worcester (Massachusetts)
Entitats de població de Massachusetts


text:
Biografia
Figlio di Alberto, anch'egli giurista, nacque a Reggio Emilia il 17 aprile 1523. Studiò giurisprudenza a Ferrara, a Bologna, a Padova, dove si laureò in utroque iure il 25 ottobre 1547; ma, già prima della laurea, insegnava istituzioni di diritto romano. Dopo la partenza di Matteo Gribaldi Moffa, gli succedette in una delle cattedre di diritto civile. La sua fama attirò a Padova studenti da tutta Europa. Lasciò Padova nel 1570 per succedere, nell'Università di Torino, ad Aimone Cravetta. L'Oratio habita Taurini de suo adventu (pubblicata a Reggio Emilia nell'ottobre 1883 per nozze) è un documento della dottrina ed eleganza del Panciroli. Tornò a Padova nel 1572: ammalatosi agli occhi, per quanto chiamato a Roma, quale consultore, da due papi, non volle più lasciarla.

Fra i molti eleganti scritti del Panciroli basti ricordare il commentario alle Dignitates utriusque imperii, quattro libri De claris legum interpretibus, pubblicati, dopo la morte dell'autore, dallo zio paterno Ottavio (Venezia 1637; 1655). Questa seconda opera non è scevra di errori, ma è molto ricca e ancor oggi utile, se usata con prudenza. È una storia letteraria, in cui il Panciroli tratta dei giureconsulti romani, della costituzione delle università, dei civilisti e canonisti del Medioevo e dei vescovi giuristi. Insieme a Giacomo Menochio collaborò con l'editore Ziletti alla sua grande compilazione del Tractatus tractatuum (Oceanus iuris).

Opere

  Consiliorum sive responsorum juris D. Guidi Panciroli,... liber primus. Opus... nunc primum in lucem editum..., 1578.
  Notitia utraque dignitatum, tum orientis tum occidentis, ultra Arcadii Honoriique tempora, et et in eum Guidi Pancirolli Commentarium, 1602.
 Livre premier des antiquitez perdues, et si au vif représentées par la plume de..., 1617.
  De Magistratibus municipalibus & corporibus artificam libellus
  De rebus bellicus
  De quatuordecim regionibus urbis Romae earumque edificiis, tam publicis quam privatus libellus
  Thesaurus varium lectionum utriusque juris in tres libros distributus, ab Hercule ex fratre Nepote in lucem edicus

  Rerum memorabilium libri duae quarum prior deperditatrum, posterior noviter inventarum est, ex Italico Latine redditi et notis illustrati ab Henrico Salmuth
  Stimuli virtutum adolescentiae Chritinaea dicati ex Italico B. Guil. Baldefano Latine facti

Manoscritti

Note

Bibliografia
 Giacomo Filippo Tomasini, Illustrium virorum elogia iconibus exornata, Patavii 1630, pp. 187-193;
 Giacomo Filippo Tomasini, Bibliothecae Patavinae manuscriptae publicae et privatae, Utini 1639, p. 85;
 A. Crispi, Panciroli Guido, in Girolamo Tiraboschi, Biblioteca Modenese, IV, Modena 1783, pp. 4-20, add. VI, I, 1786, pp. 155-156;
 Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Geschichte des römischen Rechts im Mittelalter, I-VII, Heidelberg 1834-18512, III, pp. 48-52;
 Giuseppe Ferrari, Memoria storica della vita e degli scritti di Guido Panciroli, Reggio dell'Emilia 1869;
 Aldo Bacchi Andreoli, Alcuni studi intorno a Guido Panciroli, Reggio Emilia 1903;
 Biagio Brugi, I giureconsulti italiani del secolo XVI, in Id., Per la storia della giurisprudenza e delle Università italiane. Saggi, Torino 1915, pp. 89-112;
 Mario Chiaudano, I lettori dell'Università di Torino ai tempi di Emanuele Filiberto (1566-1580) [1928], in F. Patetta et al., L'università di Torino nei sec. XVI e XVII, Torino 1972, pp. 69-137.

Voci correlate
Palazzo Manenti

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni