Just when everyone is ready to call the bear, the markets come roaring back.
300 years before Bitcoin, the same herd mentality swirled around an investment in Britain's South Sea Company.
On their face, inverse funds make perfect sense in a bear market, but investors need to be aware of their many risks.
In addition to being a non-correlated asset, the table is setting up nicely for a big rally in this precious metal this year.
Four companies being ignored—or missed—by the financial press, in the following areas: alternatives, cybersecurity, semiconductors, basic materials.
The Q4 downturn led to some impressive values in the market. Needless to say, we went shopping.
The top headlines of the week, and how they affected your portfolio.
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It takes only one of these pillars being out of whack to have a devastating effect on our lives. For many of us, sadly, most are lacking. We attribute our shortcomings to any number of different factors, never realizing the high level of control we have over each. On the other hand, if we learn to master these six pillars we can absolutely transform the quality of our lives, no matter our age, economic status, or circumstances. We will teach you the simple techniques needed for mastery over self.
Strategy keeps a pilot's ship on course.
This pillar represents your intuitive/intellectual self. Imagining your future in your mind, designing the blueprint to get there, and then acting with a steely determination to carry out your plans, irrespective of outside forces. Have you ever noticed how some people are able to make massive strides in life, adroitly handling challenge after challenge? They are no different from you, they have simply defined where they want to go in life and are constantly honing their skills—which is what you will learn to do as well.
Between the conception and the creation, between the emotion and the response, lies the shadow.
This is where it either falls into place or falls apart for the majority of Americans. If you master this pillar, you can make your dreams come true with remarkable efficiency. This is the realm in which your habits—both good and bad—reside. It is the reason some people are able to achieve incredible success in their lives, while others flounder, despite their apparent advantages. Don't take this pillar lightly. Embrace it. Learn the techniques others have used throughout history to achieve great things. Vow to excel here, and you will be amazed at the wonders that await you on the path ahead.
Pursue one great, decisive aim with force and determination.
This pillar represents your professional self. It should be your passion in life—the profession you have chosen because it energizes you. It should not be a job you loathe but trudge to each day because you need the money. Sure, most of us have to do work we don't like until we can follow our passion, but the sooner you determine what you really want from life, the quicker you can exit the grind and follow your dream. Follow your dream, pursue your passion, and the money will most certainly come.
Men, it has been well said, think in herds; it will be seen that they go mad in herds, while they only recover their senses slowly and one by one.
We don't live our lives in a vacuum. In fact, quite the opposite. Virtually every part of our day is affected by forces outside of our control. From news stories designed to elicit an emotional response, to constant interaction with others, we are pushed, pulled, and prodded like a pinball in a machine. But what if we looked at our external environment with a different perspective? What if we took what is happening in the world around us and used it to our advantage, using critical thought and rejecting the herd mentality? Tactical Awareness is about thinking differently; taking the path less traveled.
The intelligent investor is one who sells to optimists and buys from pessimists.
After several decades in the arena of professional money management, we have worked with all types of clients and through all points of the economic cycle. We have seen irrational exuberance warp intelligent minds during peak periods, and extreme fear grip investors during market troughs. Investment intelligence means ignoring the emotions-based actions of the masses and, quite often, doing what feels uncomfortable. Proper asset allocation and risk management are fundamental to efficient wealth creation. At Penn Wealth, you will have an investment portfolio that is uniquely your own.
With the realization that life is eternal, and that we are on but a tiny little speck of our journey, everything in the external world is put in perspective. The things we worry about on a daily basis, when viewed with this clarity, become virtually nonexistent. We were placed here, in this time and in this body, for the sole purpose of growing spiritually. Every action we take in life can either move us forward, or inhibit our growth. Understanding our purpose on this part of the journey will help keep us focused on what is truly important, and allow us to live with divine happiness.


text:
Title: New Zealand's Jubilee 1840-1890: The First Fifty Years of Our History
The Jubilee Procession
The Jubilee Procession.
This, the earliest and most imposing feature of the day's proceedings, took place at half-past nine. For some time previous to starting the streets along the route of march were thronged with thousands of spectators anxious to secure every point of vantage for sightseeing. The streets were gaily decked with bunting. As the various societies marshalled into procession in regalia, headed by their banners, the spectacle presented was an animated one in the vicinity of the rendezvous at Ponsonby Reservoir, Karangahape and Ponsonby Roads. When the procession moved off several thousands of people were congregated at the junction of the above thorough-fares.
Shortly after the time appointed (half-past nine a.m.) Marshal T. Cole had succeeded in arranging the procession, and it moved off headed by two mounted troopers of the Armed Constabulary—Constables Walker and Kelly—followed by Marshal Cole in a carriage, and then succeeded the Artillery Band (Bandmaster R. Hunter), playing a lively military quickstep. First in the procession was a carriage containing His Worship the Mayor (Mr. J. H. Upton), the Town Clerk (Mr. P. A. Philips), and Mr. A. E. Devore (president of the Auckland Jubilee Committee); second carriage: Councillors D. Goldie, C. Atkin, J. J Holland, J. Swales, and P. Dignan; third carriage: Councillors Grey, Tren with, Warren, and Davies: fourth carriage, Councillors D. F. Evans, Hewson, J. Patterson, and Layers; fifth carriage contained representative members of the Auckland Jubilee Committee: Dr. Campbell, Captain H. F. Anderson, R. Cameron, and A. S. Russell. Then followed the various societies and organisations in the order hereunder named as drawn by lot:—
The Loyal Orange institution mustered strongly, 36 lodges being represented, and to prevent the procession being unduly extended, were ordered to "form fours," the rest of the procession marching two abreast. They were preceded by a carriage in which were Grand Master, R. Farrell; Deputy Grand Master, J. Jamieson; Grand Treasurer, W. Hazard; Grand Secretary, C. Carnahan; Grand Chaplain, Rev. A. J. Smith. Then followed an officer, the Bible-bearer, Bro. Nesbitt, bearing an open Bible, supported by two officers withdrawn swords. Lodges:—City of Auckland, No. 1: R. W. Sharp, W.M.; J. Little, D.M.; A. C. Riggs, secretary; R. Nesbitt, treasurer. Royal Albert, No. 2: J. Boone, W. M.: J. Scott,
D. M.; C. Bush, secretary; W. Sherson, treasurer. Loyal Inniskillen, No. 3; J. Jamieson, W.M.; T. Ward, D.M.; S. McMaster, secretary; C. Coulter, treasurer. Young Diamond, No. 10: T. W. Henderson, W.M.; J. McCammon, D.M.; S. Harper, secretary; A. Johnston, treasurer. Otahuhu, No. 14: T. Massey, W.M.; J. Jones, secretary. Newmarket True Blue, No. 19: A. Whisker, W.M.; E. King, D. M.; Craig, secretary; C. C. Crozier, treasurer. Pukekohe, No. 26: J. Hewitt, W.M.; J. Morrow, D.M.; A. Tan-sett, secretary; C. Craig, treasurer. Barton True Blues, No. 32, Papakura: W. Hall. W.M.; J. Watkinson, D.M.; D. Hall, secretary; R. Tomlinson, treasurer. Star of Eden, No. 36: H. H. Seabrook, W.M.; J. Nutt, D.M.; J. Hill, secretary, J. Patterson, treasurer. Monaghan True Blues, No. 46: J. Moorhead, W.M.; J. Little, D.M.; C. C. Wright, secretary; Whangarei, No. 25: S. Austin, P.M.; J. James, P.M. Forty arrived from Pukekohe by train, and joined the procession in Government House grounds, as did some other country representatives, making the total number present 260. The marshal of the order was Captain C. Robertson.
American Order of Oddfellows, 25 members:—Officers: H. Keesing, P.D.D.G.M.; Wheeler, N.G., F. Hune, N.G., Kawakawa; P.G.'s Birdsall, E. Morrison, McCulsky, Fell, Falconer, Cobley, and J. H. Philpott.
Manchester Unity Oddfellows:—Loyal Good Intent (52 members.) Officers: In carriage,—Ruge, P.G.M.; Trayes, D.G.M.; and C. Smith, corresponding secretary; and W. E. Lewis, N.G.; J. A. Pennalligan, N.G.; D. N. Carter, G.M.; the marshal was Mr. E. Lewis.
Newmarket Band, under Bandmaster W. R. Hunter.
Fire Brigades and Salvage Corps:—Thames Brigade, 20 men, under Captains Williams and Patterson, with hose reel lent by the Auckland Fire Brigade. Auckland Fire Brigade, 37 men, under Superintendent Hughes and Foremen Hurley, Clarke, Glad-ding, Brannigan, and Wilkie. Suburban brigades present were: Parnell, Captain Cowan; Newmarket, Captain J. Wilson; Eden Terrace, Captain E. Strong; Newton, Superintendent Fenton; Mount Eden, Captain Keyes. Auckland Salvage Corps, 8 men, under Captain Field, making a grand total of firemen, etc., of about 120 men. The Auckland Brigade had a hose reel, a manual fire engine, as used in the olden time, a horse reel, and the suburban fire brigades had also their fire apparatus. All the reels were beautifully decorated with bannerettes, garlands of flowers, ferns, foliage, &c., in chaste designs. The decorations of the Fire Brigades attracted general attention, and constituted one of the features of the procession.
Newton Band, under Bandmaster West
Foresters, 192 members:—Mr. Jones, C.R., who acted as marshal; District Executive in carriages, W. T. Webb, G.C.R.J., Webley, treasurer, H. T. Garratt, D.S. Court City of Auckland was represented. Court Pride of Onehunga: Officers Aichram, C.R., Massey, P.C.R. Foresters carried the weapons emblematic of their Order.
Rechabites, 35 members:—Carr, C.R.; R. French, D.C.R.; R. H. Hughes, secretary; Crowe, Guardian. There were representatives from Aratapu and Thames.
National Independent Order of Odd-fellows, 79 members:—Officers: Adey, G.M.; McKenney, N.G.; Hitchcock, D G.; Thorne, secretary. Officers of the United Brothers and Huntly Lodges were also present.
Hicks-Sawyers' Minstrel Band, under Drum-Major Speed, escorted by Zouaves.
Hibernians, 40 members:—Officers: W. Beehan, President; P. O'Kane, V.P.; T. H. White, Secretary; W. Kane, Treasurer; D. Flynn, P.P. The officers of the District Executive also marched.
Good Templars, 58 members: Officers: Captain LeRoy, G.D.D., and T. W. Glover, G.C.T. General members of country lodges were present, also a number of ladies.
Auckland Band of Hope Union: There were 115 children, 50 girls dressed in white being in one of Winstone's vans drawn by four horses, and 65 boys in a lifeboat on one of Craig's trollies drawn by four horses. The decorations of the van were very beautiful, consisting of a bower of evergreens, garlands, and flowers, with the following mottoes conspicuous: "Water, God's Gift to Man," "Why Not Abstain?" "Wine Is a Mocker." Both the van and boat were decorated by Messrs. W. J. Macdermott, C. G. Hill, and A. E. Perkins. The children sang temperance hymns and songs exroute, and the sweet voices of the little girls, as they sat embowered in foliage, were pleasant to listen to. The children were ruddy and happy, and a good specimen of "Young New Zealand," whom they worthily represented. The van and lifeboat attracted general attention, and the Band of Hope Union display was one of the most interesting features of the procession.
New Zealand Federated Seamen's Union, 40 members. The Union had a lifeboat on a trolly. The trolly was decorated with the Union Jack and other flags, and in the boat were a crew with oars up, the crew being seamen from the Union Steamship Co., one of the officers of the local Union acting as coxswain. The other officers were W. Vines (president), J. W. Duthie (secretary), J. Gallagher (treasurer), and Nixon, marshal. In the boat was displayed the New Zealand flag, and the house flag of the Union Steamship Company. The Union had also a large banner with the motto "Unity is Strength," "Defence Not Defiance." The lifeboat, with its stalwart crew, attracted a good deal of attention.
Federated Wharf Labourers' Union, 58 members: Officers—E. Coombes, president; Dobson and Niblocke, vice-presidents; W. Bines. Each of the members, as also of the Seamen's Union, wore a rosette, the red, white, and blue. The banner of the Wharf Labourers' Union contained a representation of harbour and shipping, with picture of a lumper trucking goods to a wharf shed.
Perhaps the most unique feature of the whole procession was the appearance of the Rarotongan Jubilee Singers. They were preceded by two carriages, the first-containing the chief Tepou and his wife, and Tea, wife of the Crown Prince; Mr. A. H. Brown, interpreter; Mr. H. J. Ellis, secretary; and the second Crown Prince James Tepou, Mr. H. Nicholas and family. All of the Rarotongans wore pieces of crape as mourning for the Rarotongan Ngataitautai, who died the previous day, and for the same reason they did not utilise their band. Men and women walked alternately, the former clad in white clothing, with straw hats, and the latter in white flowing robes, with [unclear: hats] garlanded with flowers, and wearing around their necks coloured silk handkerchiefs. The olive complexions of these children of "the summer isles of Eden," relieved by the flowers and bit of colour, the graceful appearance of the women, and the manly, athletic page 53 physique of the men, in their tasteful costume, made up a charming picture, and the tout ensemble was complete. Their appearance in the procession was the feature of the day, and all eyes were directed to the Rarotongans, for the incident was one which will become historic, in these children of the Isles of the Seas on Jubilee Day giving the band of welcome to their brethren the Maoris and to the colonists of New Zealand.
The procession was closed with a number of private carriages, making the total estimated number of persons in the procession about 1500. The procession was over a mile long, and as the whole route along Karangahape Road and Symonds-street to Government House gate was crowded with spectators on the footways, and on the verandahs, it is estimated that the pageant was witnessed by 40,000 people. Some idea may be gained of the proportions of the procession by stating that as the head of it turned out of Karangahape Road into Symonds-street the last of the column had not moved from the rendezvous at the junction of that thoroughfare and Ponsonby Road.
The procession moved into Government House grounds, and took up a position in rear of the Volunteers, who formed the guard of honour. The avenue was lined with Volunteers, who also assisted the police in regulating the crowd. In compliment to the Rarotongans, they were allotted specially the place in front, opposite the platform where His Excellency was to receive the addresses. After the presentation of the addresses, the line of march was resumed by the Waterloo Quadrant gate, along Princes-street, down Wellesley-street and Queen street to the wharf. The scene in Queen-street was the most effective of the day, as the street was occupied from end to end by the procession itself, which was flanked by great crowds along the roadway and side walks, the traffic being temporarily suspended. The view from the upper storeys of Queen-street premises showed a sea of faces, only relieved by the banners, the uniforms of the bandsmen, and the bunting across the street. On either hand the buildings were gaily decorated with flags, bannerettes, foliage, etc. Every verandah was crowded with groups of sight-seers, and almost' every window was occupied by ladies and children.
The procession broke up at the Queen-street Wharf, the rear being brought up by six tramcars laden with passengers, who had been blocked in getting down the; street,
At the end of Queen-street, and before the procession disbanded, the Mayor called for three cheers for the president of the Jubilee Committee, which were heartily responded to.
Mr. Devore addressed the people and said he felt honoured at the kindly reference made to him by the Mayor at Government House and now, and that when he first mooted the idea of this celebration he received cordial sympathy and support from many citizens; and with their assistance and that of a hard working and enthusiastic committee, and the warm assistance of the press, the present successful gathering had resulted. It was a people's celebration, with their own moneys, without any Government assistance, and would be carried out by their own exertions, and was in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the colony and of this province, and it was intended as a token of gratitude that we lived in this favoured colony, and as a tribute of affection to our Queen and flag.
Everything having gone off without a single hitch or accident, the Orangemen, headed by the Newton band, re-marched up Queen-street and Grey-street to the Protestant Hall, Newton, where they formed in a circle, while a few appropriate remarks were made by Grand Master Farrell and Past Grand Master Goldie, M.H.R. Three hearty cheers were given for the Grand Master, after which the refreshments provided were partaken of in the hall.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Black Eyed Peace is about our search for peace. Whether it's peace within ourselves, peace in our relationships, or peace on a national or international scale. Sometimes it might be hard to find and in our searching we will collect a few bruises along the way. But it is always, always, worth searching for, and if you look long enough & hard enough you will find it.
Black Eyed Peace is available as a free ebook. Download your free copy!
A limited number of hard copies of the book are also available at a cost of £5.00 plus P&P.


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text:
Q: list index out of range Python despite research of the same I have looked at all of the other posts that have the same question as this. I might be wrong but the only solution I saw that might be of help is list comprehensions but I am not sure if list comprehensions are even possible in this case. I have made sure that my variable i is an actually index and not a value. I may be wrong but I can't see why this code is not working out for me. I am using Python 3.6.1 on Windows 10 64 bit Dell laptop. Here is the code and thanks for the help in advance.
def swap(a, b):
    return b, a

def bubble_sort(array):
    swaps = 0
    passes = 0
    for i in range(len(array)):
        if array[i] > array[i + 1]:
            array[i], array[i + 1] = swap(array[i], array[i + 1])
            swaps += 1
        passes += 1
    print(passes, swaps)
    return array

array = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6]
print("Array before sort is " + str(array))
array = bubble_sort(array)
print("Array after sort is " + str(array))

My main goals are to figure out the cause of this error and I would prefer a solution that I can successfully run without any errors. Please try not to give solutions that will only result in more errors. Thanks for the help in advance.

A: Error is resulting from this statement most likely  if array[i] > array[i + 1], because when i reaches len(array) i.e. 8 in this case , then your logic is trying to access array[7] > array [7 +1 ] , but array[8] doesnt exists, so it throws index out of range error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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The Standard for Determining Physical Custody in Minnesota
By Eric C. Nelson, Esq.
As in many areas of family law, the standard applied by the Court in making an initial award of physical custody is the so-called "best interest of the child" standard. This standard requires findings by the Court with respect to all relevant factors, including the following factors enumerated by statute: 1 NO SINGLE FACTOR IS CONTROLLING.
1. the wishes of the child's parent or parents as to custody;
2. the reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of sufficient age to express preference;
In Minnesota, there is no particular age at which a child gets to decide which parent he wants to live with. Generally, the older the child, the more weight the child's preference carries, whether in the initial custody determination or in the context of a motion to modify custody. 2 For teenage children, this factor is very compelling.
3. the child's primary caretaker
i.e., who provided the day-to-day physical, emotional, and intellectual care for the child, including such parental functions as the following: preparing and planning of meals; bathing, grooming and dressing; purchasing, cleaning, and care of clothes; medical care, including nursing and trips to physicians; arranging for social interaction among peers after school, e.g., transporting to friends' houses or , for example to Girl Scout or Boy Scout meetings; arranging alternative care, i.e., babysitting, daycare, etc.; putting child to bed at night, attending to child in the middle of the night, waking child in the morning; disciplining, i.e., teaching general manners and toilet training; educating, i.e., religious, cultural, social, etc.; and teaching elementary skills, i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic;
Many people assume that the primary caretaker is automatically awarded sole physical custody. This is not true. All factors must be considered. 3 The Court is prohibited from making a presumption that the primary caretaker should receive custody. 4 That said, this still tends to be a strong factor in custody determinations.
4. the intimacy of the relationship between each parent and the child;
If for example a child is acknowledged to be a "Mama's boy" or "Mama's girl", or a "Daddy's girl," or "Papa's boy", this is the kind of evidence which is pertinent in showing the Court that a special bond exists between a child and one or the other parent.
Intimacy between a parent and child is a positive factor, but not at the expense of enforcing discipline and limits.
5. the interaction and interrelationship of the child with a parent or parents, siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the child's best interests;
This is a broad category encompassing all significant persons in a child's life. It is under this heading where issues are discussed such as a child's hatred of a parent's new live-in boyfriend or girlfriend, a special attachment to a grandparent who lives with one parent or the other, sibling bonds, etc.
I would note that generally, the Court will never split up siblings, particularly siblings who are close in age or preteen. 5
Where a child has developed an attachment to a step-sibling, this also is considered. 6 While this may be seen as creating an unfair advantage for the biological parent of the step- sibling, it is nevertheless the reality, which is based on our child-focused approach to custody determinations.
6. the child's adjustment to home, school, and community;
Obviously, if a child is well-adjusted to a particular home, school, and community, and an award of custody to a parent would necessitate a change of home, school, and/or community, that will weigh against an award of custody to that parent.
Similarly, if the child is not well adjusted to a particular home, school, and community, and an award of custody to a parent would provide a beneficial change of environment, this will weigh in favor of an award of custody to that parent.
7. the length of time the child has lived in a stable, satisfactory environment and the desirability of maintaining continuity;
The desirability of maintaining continuity in a good environment is a commonly recited theme in family law. This idea is that children need continuity and stability, and that upheavals are generally difficult for them. This is not to say that the courts will maintain continuity for its own sake. Divorce is always a time of major change and upheaval. But for the things that need not change, the idea is that "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."
8. the permanence, as a family unit, of the existing or proposed custodial home;
For example, a parent who offers a permanent family unit, either as a single parent or together with a step-family, will have an advantage here over a parent whose living situation is regularly in flux, living with a significant other one month, parents the next month, a friend's basement the next month, a new significant other the next month, etc.
9. the mental and physical health of all individuals involved; except that a disability, as defined in section 363.01, of a proposed custodian or the child shall not be determinative of the custody of the child, unless the proposed custodial arrangement is not in the best interest of the child;
Physical health issues that affect custody are rare, and generally obvious when they exist. For example, I had a client once who couldn't exercise custody because he was disabled by advanced Multiple Sclerosis.
Mental health issues are very commonly raised in custody cases. If you have ever seen a psychologist, psychiatrist, or counselor of any kind, or ever received any diagnosis or treatment for any mental health issues, including alcohol or chemical abuse issues, you can expect that this history will be fully explored.
When legitimate issues of mental illness or alcohol or drug abuse are raised, the custody evaluator will often order a psychological evaluation or alcohol/chemical dependency assessment as part of the custody evaluation. This can sometimes catch someone with an undiagnosed condition.
It is important to note that having a mental illness does not preclude a parent from receiving custody. Rather, the focus is on the extent to which the mental illness affects one's parenting, if at all.
10. the capacity and disposition of the parties to give the child love, affection, and guidance, and to continue educating and raising the child in the child's culture and religion or creed, if any;
Love is seldom an issue. Rarely is it argued that a parent does not love a child. For various reasons, however, some parents have abundant time and energy to devote to their children, and other parents do not. If you spend most of your free time caring for your child - e.g., reading books, playing games, going to activities, helping with homework, etc. - you will be in a better position that a parent who prefers to spend evenings at the local pub, or otherwise pursue activities that do not include the children.
11. the child's cultural background;
This is rarely an issue that has any bearing on a custody dispute.
12. the effect on the child of the actions of an abuser, if related to domestic abuse, as defined in section 518B.01, that has occurred between the parents or between a parent and another individual, whether or not the individual alleged to have committed domestic abuse is or ever was a family or household member of the parent; and
Obviously, scenes of domestic abuse (i.e., causing physical harm or fear of immediate physical harm), do not set a good example for children. If a parent has a pattern of engaging in domestic abuse, this is an obstacle in obtaining custody.
Allegations of domestic abuse are common in custody cases. Sometimes the domestic abuse is real. Other times it is a complete lie or a gross exaggeration of the truth. Whatever the case, this factor can carry significant weight in a custody determination.
13. except in cases in which a finding of domestic abuse as defined in section 518B.01 has been made, the disposition of each parent to encourage and permit frequent and continuing contact by the other parent with the child.
This is another important factor, and is a good reason for any parent seeking custody to accommodate the other parent's reasonable requests for parenting time. Regardless of how good a parent you may otherwise be, if you allow parenting time and telephone contact by the other parent only begrudgingly or after being compelled by court order, this will count against you unless you have a very good excuse.
1 Minnesota Statute section 518.17.
2 See Ross v. Ross, 477 N.W.2d 753, 756 (Minn.Ct.App. 1991) [citing State ex rel. Feeley v. Williams, 222 N.W.2d 927, 928 (Minn. 1929) (preference of 12½-year-old given great weight in maintaining her custody with aunt and uncle)].
3 Minnesota Statute section 518.17, Subdivision 1(a).
5 See Imdieke v. Imdieke, 411 N.W.2d 241 (Minn.Ct.App. 1987) (reversing split custody award, stating that such awards are frowned upon).
6 Sullivan v. Allen, 419 N.W.2d 822 (Minn.Ct.App. 1988).
Eric C. Nelson has devoted his practice exclusively to family law, with particular focus on divorce and child custody matters, including, but not limited to post-decree modification of custody. Eric has successfully handled hundreds of cases of divorces (both contested and uncontested), child custody, child support, spousal maintenance, parenting time, out-of-state moves, domestic abuse, harassment, and other miscellaneous family law matters, both in and out of court. Mr. Nelson has been praised by clients for a respectful attitude, promptness and honesty.
He can be contacted by phone at (612)321-9402 or or Visit Web Site
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A prospective study of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: development and validation of a risk prediction model
Qi Wang1,2 na1,
Yi Tang1 na1,
Jiaojiao Zhou3 &
Wei Qin1
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). It can also lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), more costs and longer hospital stay. Early identification of AKI is important.
We conducted this monocenter prospective observational study at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. We recorded information of each patient in the ICU within 24 h after admission and updated every two days. Patients who reached the primary outcome were accepted into the AKI group. Of all patients, we randomly drew 70% as the development cohort and the remaining 30% as the validation cohort. Using binary logistic regression we got a risk prediction model of the development cohort. In the validation cohort, we validated its discrimination by the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) and calibration by a calibration curve.
There were 656 patients in the development cohorts and 280 in the validation cohort. Independent predictors of AKI in the risk prediction model including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, acute pancreatitis, cardiac failure, shock, pH ≤ 7.30, CK > 1000 U/L, hypoproteinemia, nephrotoxin exposure, and male. In the validation cohort, the AUROC is 0.783 (95% CI 0.730–0.836) and the calibration curve shows good calibration of this prediction model. The optimal cut-off value to distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients is 4.5 points (sensitivity is 78.4%, specificity is 73.2% and Youden's index is 0.516).
This risk prediction model can help to identify high-risk patients of AKI in ICU to prevent the development of AKI and treat it at the early stages.
Trial registration TCTR, TCTR20170531001. Registered 30 May 2017, http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=2573
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications in critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). The morbidity of AKI in ICUs can up to 50% according to some studies [1, 2]. In China, this problem also exists. The incidence of AKI in Chinese ICUs is approximately between 20 and 50% [3,4,5,6]. Many studies show that the occurrence of AKI can lead to worse prognosis, including high long-term mortality [7, 8] and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [9, 10]. Furthermore, AKI might cause more costs and longer hospital stay [11,12,13].
Early identification of AKI is essential to critically ill patients because there's no good therapy but renal replacement therapy (RRT) when it becomes severe. But RRT is a huge burden for critically ill patients.
There are a few studies developed risk prediction models to identify AKI, but each of these models has their own limitations [14,15,16,17,18]. We still need more studies from more centers to get a model which can predict the risk of AKI even more accurately. Then the clinicians can identify AKI early and precisely, and treat it before it becomes severe.
This is a monocenter prospective observational study conducted at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. We had obtained informed consent from all participants.
Data collection and classification
We recorded demographic information, medical history, physical examination, laboratory examination and therapeutic regimen of each patient in the intensive care unit within 24 h after admission of ICU. Laboratory examination results and therapeutic regimen were collected every two days.
The primary outcome variable was the development of AKI, which defined with a modified KDIGO serum creatinine (SCr) criterion (increasing 26.5 μmol/L within 48 h or becoming 1.5 times higher than the baseline within 7 days). The baseline of SCr was regarded as the SCr measured at ICU admission. The secondary outcome variables were death and receiving RRT.
Patients who reached the primary outcome and were age 14 years or older were accepted into the AKI group (489 patients) and were excluded if they used to have a kidney transplant or were receiving RRT. From 1 March 2017 to 31 December 2017, 468 patients were accepted into the AKI group. We randomly selected 468 patients who did not reach the primary outcome before discharging from the hospital as the control group. Considering that others' researches [19,20,21] mostly divided the development and validation cohort patients as a ratio between 7:3 and 8:2, of the 936 patients from two groups, we randomly drew 70% as the development cohort and the remaining 30% as the validation cohort (Fig. 1).
Participate flow chart of Study
Basing on some other studies [22,23,24,25,26,27], we had chosen several candidate predictor variables including gender (male), age (> 70 years), hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, cancer, acute pancreatitis, severe empyrosis, trauma, cardiac failure, respiratory failure, sepsis, shock, cardiopulmonary arrest, anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L), hypoproteinemia (serum albumin < 30 g/L), low blood pH (pH ≤ 7.30), high creatine kinase (CK > 1000 U/L), nephrotoxin exposure, major surgery and blood transfusion. Shock is defined as a life-threatening, generalized form of acute circulatory failure associated with inadequate oxygen utilization by the cells [28]. For ease of analysis and interpretation, we represented those risk factors as binary predictor variables.
Continuous variables were presented as the mean (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR), depending on distribution, and were analyzed by unpaired t test. Categorical variables were presented as percentages and were analyzed using a Chi squared test.
Using binary logistic regression (forward: LR), we got independent predictors of the development of AKI and developed a risk prediction model of AKI. For ease of application, we turned the risk prediction model into a risk prediction score. We converted the coefficients into integers by converting the smallest coefficient to 1 and dividing other coefficients by the minimum coefficient and rounding the numbers to the nearest integers.
Because the performance in the development cohort may over-estimate the performance of other patients, we validated the risk prediction score in the validation cohort by estimating discrimination and calibration. Discrimination was estimated by the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) and calibration was evaluated using a calibration curve.
Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the development cohort and the validation cohort. A total of 656 patients were included in the development cohorts and 280 in the validation cohort. Patients' mean ages are 58 (SD 18) years in the development cohort which has 68% (n = 445) males and 57 (SD 18) years in the validation cohort which has 69% (n = 193) males. Serum creatinine baseline measures were also similar between two cohorts (85 (IQR 62–131) umol/L in the development cohort, 80 (IQR 58–118) umol/L) in the validation cohort). In the development and validation cohorts, the prevalence of hypertension is 32% (n = 213) and 35% (n = 97), respectively. Among AKI patients, 32% (n = 106) patients in the development cohorts and 32% (n = 45) patients in the validation cohort received RRT. The hospital mortality of the patients who developed AKI is significantly higher than the patients without AKI in both cohorts (52% versus 13% in the development cohort and 49% versus 11% in the validation cohort). The development cohort and the validation cohort was compared using independent-sample t test in continuous variables (age and SCr baseline measures) and Chi square test in categorical variables (all risk factors). P-values are greater than 0.05 at all of the variables, which means they have no significant difference between the two cohorts.
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the development and validation cohorts
Development of the risk prediction score
By univariate analysis, We selected 18 candidate predictors into a logistic regression analysis, with the development of AKI as the dependent variable. Those candidate predictors are gender (male), hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, cancer, acute pancreatitis, trauma, cardiac failure, respiratory failure, sepsis, shock, cardiopulmonary arrest, hypoproteinemia, low blood pH (pH ≤ 7.30), high creatine kinase (CK > 1000 U/L), and nephrotoxin exposure.
Logistic regression analysis was conducted using forward Selection, and the outcome is showed in Table 2. Those 10 predictors entered the risk prediction model, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, acute pancreatitis, cardiac failure, shock, pH ≤ 7.30, CK > 1000 U/L, hypoproteinemia, nephrotoxin exposure, and male.
Table 2 Predictors of AKI obtained by multivariate logistic regression in the development cohort
Then we turned the risk prediction model into a risk prediction score, showed in Table 2. The total score ranges from 0 to 15 points. Probability of \( {\text{AKI}}\, = \, 1/\left[ { 1\, + \,{\text{EXP}}\left( { 2. 9 9 9{-}0. 5 5 7* {\text{total score}}} \right)} \right] \). The comparison table of total score and probability of AKI is showed in Table 3.
Table 3 The comparison table of total score and probability of AKI
Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test's P-value is 0.511. The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the development cohort is 0.833 (95% CI 0.802–0.864) (Fig. 2). Value is greater than 0.8 which indicates excellent predictive performance.
Area under the receiver operating characteristic of the development cohort
Model validation
The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the validation cohort is 0.783 (95% CI 0.730–0.836) (Fig. 3). Value is greater than 0.7 which indicates good predictive performance. Calibration curves of development and validation cohorts (Fig. 4) show good calibration of this prediction score.
Area under the receiver operating characteristic of the validation cohort
Calibration curve of development and validation cohorts
The optimal cut-off value to distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients is 4.5 points (sensitivity is 78.4%, specificity is 73.2% and Youden's index is 0.516). This means that if a patient with a score of greater or equal to 5, this patient might have a high risk of developing AKI.
Acute kidney injury has high morbidity and mortality, especially in ICUs. For the purpose of early identification of AKI, researching on the risk prediction model of AKI is necessary. Existing models have many flaws. This model made up for some defects and proposed a few new risk prediction factors.
Clinically, if all the risk factors are identified and quantified to use to profile risk, 20%–30% AKI can be predicted and avoided [29]. After admission to a hospital, early prediction of AKI can bring high opportunity to prevent patients from developing AKI. There have been a few prediction models for AKI risk using in ICUs, but there are still many researchers trying to develop risk prediction models because we still need more sensitive and more accurate models to apply to the clinic.
We used logistic regression to develop a model. Of all the candidate variables, only a few turned out to predict AKI (hypertension, chronic kidney disease, acute pancreatitis, cardiac failure, shock, pH ≤ 7.30, CK > 1000 U/L, hypoproteinemia, nephrotoxin exposure, and male). In our analysis, some variables had high significance in univariate analysis (age > 70 years, diabetes, chronic liver disease, coronary heart disease, cancer, trauma, respiratory failure, sepsis, and major surgery), but were not selected into the final model. This means there may be some false associations or indirect associations between these variables and independent predictors. These variables turned out not independent predictors in this model. However, there are previous reports showing their relationship with the development of AKI. We still need more research about these variables.
Using risk ranges, a total score of 0–4 points was associated with a low risk of AKI. Patients with a total score of 5–15 have a high risk to develop AKI. However, this is not absolute. In our study, 22% of low-risk patients also developed AKI, which indicates that this risk prediction score is not perfect yet. In the following work, more efforts should be pay to include more variables and perform more accurate verification to perfect it.
There are several strengths of our study. Firstly, this is a prospective observational study. We collected data prospectively to ensure the information detailed and reliable and to reduce the impact of bias. Secondly, we included a lot of candidate risk factors in our research. The risk factors we have included are very comprehensive. Most of those which reported in previous researches have been included. All of them are medical history data and clinical examinations easily to get, which are convenient for clinicians to apply. With only 10 variables in the risk prediction score, it is simple to calculate. Thirdly, two variables (acute pancreatitis and CK > 1000 U/L) in our risk prediction score have not been included in other models before. There is a study [30] which reported the relationship between acute pancreatitis and AKI but there is no study included acute pancreatitis into the model. The incidence of acute pancreatitis in China is relatively high and the main causes of acute pancreatitis are different from those in Europe and America. Our study raises the possibility that acute pancreatitis in China is highly correlated with the occurrence of AKI. There is also a study [14] suggesting the correlation between rhabdomyolysis and AKI but no study include incorporated rhabdomyolysis into the model. We considered that it might be that rhabdomyolysis' diagnostic criteria led to this result. We relaxed the standard of CK to greater than 1000 and found it highly correlated with the occurrence of AKI. Finally, the risk factors we included are similar to other studies, but which incorporated into the model were different. That may indicate that the risk factors for AKI differ depending on the regions and races. It provides a direction for future researchs.
However, our study also has several limitations. The most important one is that this is a monocenter study. We did not conduct externally verification and only verified internally. This may cause some problems with the extrapolation of our model and the results may not be widely generalizable in other regions and races. Secondly, recent studies emphasized the importance of AKI biomarkers to predict AKI [31, 32]. However, for ease of application, we did not include biomarkers because they are not yet widely used clinically. Thirdly, KDIGO criterion diagnoses AKI with both urine volume and serum creatinine. Nevertheless, we used serum creatinine only on account of the inaccuracy of urine volume data. Finally, In order to facilitate statistics, we represent most of the variables as binary variables, and the severity of each variable is not taken into account.
Prediction of AKI still has high importance because it is associated with high mortality and high morbidity. Our future studies will focus on improving our model by expanding the sample size and performing external validation. We may bring in some refined biomarkers as predictors.
There is no single intervention can improve the outcome of AKI patients, so a risk prediction model would most likely to be used as a measure to help those patients. On this road, we should all work harder because there is still a long way to go.
We developed a risk prediction model which can help to identify high-risk patients of AKI in ICU to prevent the development of AKI and treat it at the early stages. The variables are easy to get and the score is liable to calculate. However, it also has several limitations. We will conduct further research to improve this model.
The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy policy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
AKI:
intensive care units
CKD:
RRT:
KDIGO:
kidney disease: improving global outcomes
SCr:
AUROC:
the area under the receiver operator curve
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The authors thank all of the participants and attending physicians for their contributions.
Qi Wang and Yi Tang contributed equally to this paper
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Qi Wang
, Yi Tang
& Wei Qin
West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Division of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Jiaojiao Zhou
Search for Qi Wang in:
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Conception and design: QW, YT, WQ. Administrative support: YT, WQ. Collection and assembly of data: QW, JZ. Data analysis and interpretation: QW. Manuscript writing: All authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Wei Qin.
This research was approved by the ethical committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University.
Written informed consents were signed by all the patients.
Wang, Q., Tang, Y., Zhou, J. et al. A prospective study of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: development and validation of a risk prediction model. J Transl Med 17, 359 (2019) doi:10.1186/s12967-019-2118-6
Risk prediction model
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Cancer microenvironment


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text:
Prof. Łukasz Gruszczyński
Department of International Law and European Union Law
lgruszczynski@kozminski.edu.pl
Professor Łukasz Gruszczyński teaches in the Department of International and European Union Law. His scientific work focuses on international economic law and international health law. He received his Ph.D. from the European University Institute in Florence in 2008 and a post-doctoral degree in the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2016. In the past, he completed several scientific internships at such places as the University of Cambridge (as the Winiarski Fellow), the University of Michigan, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, and the National University of Public Service in Budapest. He won six competitions held by the Poland's National Science Centre and is now implementing two OPUS grants regarding the transformation of international trade relations. Moreover, Professor Gruszczyński cooperates with the Institute for Legal Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences within a big European project on populism (DEMOS). His scientific achievements include two monographs issued by Oxford University Press and numerous publications in leading international scientific journals. His last book, The Regulation of E-Cigarettes: International, European and National Challenges, was published at the end of 2019 by Edward Elgar Publishing. He is also the managing editor of the Polish Yearbook of International Law in English.
Most significant academic achievements:
1) Teaching:
2017–2018 – teaching classes at the National University of Public Service in Budapest; subjects: Legal System of the EU, European Institutions – Law and Decision-Making (during a six-month research and teaching scholarship).
2016–2017 – teaching classes in the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences at Pázmány Péter Catholic University in Budapest; subject: EU Law 1: Institutions, Single Market Law, WTO Law (during a year-long research and teaching scholarship).
2017 – teaching classes as a Visiting Professor in the Department of Legal Studies at European University in Budapest; subject: WTO/GATT Law.
2014–2016 – teaching classes in the Faculty of Law at the University of Zurich as a Visiting Professor at the Business and Human Rights – Interdisciplinary Challenges and Opportunities Summer School; subjects: Trade Law and Labor Rights, Human Rights and Free Trade Agreements, International Economic Law and Right to Food.
2011–2020 – teaching classes in the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw within the Global MBA program (a joint program of the University of Warsaw, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics in China, and the Cologne University of Applied Sciences in Germany); subject: European Business Law.
2010–2019 – teaching classes at Kozminski University for postgraduate International Commercial Law studies students; subjects: Introduction to EU Law, WTO/GATT Law.
2010–2017 – teaching classes at the European University of Law and Administration; subjects: Public International Law, International Organizations, EU Law.
2) student competitions:
2014–2015 – judge in the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition (rounds in Poland and Argentina).
2014–2015 – member of the European Law Students' Association Academic Board responsible for supervision of the ELSA WTO Moot Court Competition. 2011–2016 – judge in the international ELSA WTO Moot Court Competition. 2010 – co-author of the legal problem in the international ELSA WTO Moot Court Competition.
3) other:
2017 – Third-Degree Award of the SGH Warsaw School of Economics Rector for excellence in teaching regarding the published handbook Międzynarodowe prawo gospodarcze (International Economic Law; Warszawa: C.H. Beck, 2016). 2016 – handbook publication with Ł. Gruszczyński, M. Menkes, Ł. Nowak, Międzynarodowe prawo gospodarcze (International Economic Law, Warszawa: C.H. Beck, 2016).
Publikacje w czasopismach naukowych:
(wraz z: Melillo M.), "The Vaping Crises in the United States: A Regulatory Failure?", THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION, 2020, Vol. 11, Issue 1, s. 131-140
"The COVID-19 Pandemic and International Trade: Temporary Turbulence or Paradigm Shift?", THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION, 2020, online
(wraz z: Melillo M.), "The FCTC dilemma on heated tobacco products", GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH, 2020, online
"Covid-19 et commerce international : turbulences temporaires ou changement de paradigme?", Revue européenne du droit - Le Grand continent, juin 2020, s. 38-41
"The EU regime for e-cigarettes: A rationale compromise or regulatory failure?", JOURNAL OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES, 2018, 4 (2), s. 62-67
(wraz z: Melillo M.), "The FCTC and its role in WTO law: Some remarks on the WTO plain packaging report", THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION, 2018, vol. 9 iss.3, s. 564-574
(wraz z: Lawrence J.) "Trump, International Trade and Populism", NETHERLANDS YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 2018, 49, s. 19-44
"COPing with the global tobacco epidemic: FCTC COP7 and its implications", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION, 2017, vol. 8 iss. 2, s. 428-436
"Tobacco and International Trade: Recent Activities of the FCTC Conference of the Parties", JOURNAL OF WORLD TRADE, 2015, vol. 49 iss.4, s. 665-684
Monografie:
"Regulating Health and Environmental Risk under WTO Law. A Critical Analysis of the SPS Agreement", Oxford University Press, Londyn 2010
Redakcja monografii:
(red.), "The Regulation of E-cigarettes: International, European and National Challenges", Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2019
(wraz z: Werner W.) (red.) "Deference in International Courts and Tribunals: Standard of Review and Margin of Appreciation", Oxford University Press 2015
Rozdziały w monografiach:
"The role of IEL dispute settlement bodies in reinforcing the sovereign rights of States in the field of tobacco control ", w: M.E. Gispen, B. Toebes (red.), Human Rights and Tobacco Control, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2020, s. 190-207
(wraz z: A. Pudło-Jaremek), "Regulating e-cigarettes at the EU level", w: Ł. Gruszczyński (red.), THE REGULATION OF E-CIGARETTES. International, European and National Challenges, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019, s. 150-174
(wraz z: Menkes M.), "Legality of the EU trade sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation under WTO law ", w: W. Czapliński, S. Dębski, R. Tarnogórski Wierczyńska (red.), The Case of Crimea's Annexation under International Law, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa, 2017, s. 237-257


text:
Farmer Paige to feature on Farmer Wants a Wife 2022
By Billy Jupp
August 17 2022 - 6:00pm
Brisbane native farmer Paige will be among five farmers looking for love on this season of Farmer Wants a Wife. Picture: Supplied
IT'S been nearly a year since the latest crop of love seekers were announced for this year's season of Farmer Wants A Wife, but the wait is almost over.
Headlining this year's eligible bush bachelors and bachelorettes is Paige, from Cassilis in NSW's Central West.
The 27-year-old turned her back on city life several years ago to follow a passion for agriculture, which lead her south of the border.
Now, the former Queenslander, who confesses that her "dating skills are a bit rusty", will search for love on the small screen in the coming weeks.
"I left Brisbane behind for life on the farm but love is what is missing from my world. Finding true love will complete the whole package," she said.
"I know my guy is out there, I just haven't met him yet. I'm not walking away from this with any regrets or what-ifs."
Farmer who corralled sheep for romance takes to TV for love
Swooping Magpie deterrent theories busted: 'The eyes don't work'
Unvaccinated teachers return to work in every state and territory but shortages remain
Farmer Wants A Wife is regarded as Australia's most successful reality dating show and this year's edition will be the show's 12th season.
This year's other participants include farmer Ben, 27, Wingham, NSW, farmer Benjamin, 33, Guyra, NSW, farmer Harry, 23, Kyabram, Vic and farmer Will, 26, Berriwillock, Vic.
Channel 7 is expected to announce a premier date for this season in the coming weeks.
Billy Jupp
Senior Livestock Journalist
Billy is a Senior Livestock Journalist for the Queensland Country Life based in Toowoomba. He has worked for a variety of different ACM mastheads during the past five years including the Namoi Valley Independent, Northern Daily Leader and The Land.


The WebSmith Cloud and our partners take bold steps toward reducing our carbon footprint.
We contribute with Environmentally Friendly Hosting, we operate our servers in intelligent clusters, which makes us fairly efficient with our infrastructure and power usage. Our cloud server cluster uses 60% less energy and generates 50% less heat than similar standalone servers do – not to mention the reliability this ensures as well!
Still, internet operations do use electricity, and a majority of that power is generated from coal-burning power plants. The WebSmith Cloud, thru partnerships with Native Energy, is countering our environmental impact by offsetting the power we use from fossil fuels with renewable energy credits. Our goals are to make our hosting operation completely carbon neutral and to invest in projects that bring more clean energy into the power grid. You can read more about how this program works on Native Energy's website - www.nativeenergy.com.
Note: We encourage out team, partners, suppliers, and clients to do their parts as well!


text:
Q: Using findText to find colons I am using this code in Google Docs
  var body = DocumentApp.getActiveDocument().getBody();

  var foundElement = body.findText(": ");
  while (foundElement != null) {
    // Get the text object from the element
    var foundText = foundElement.getElement().asText();

    // Where in the Element is the found text?
    var start = foundElement.getStartOffset();
    var end = foundElement.getEndOffsetInclusive();

    // Change the background color to yellow
    foundText.setBackgroundColor('#42e2f4');

    // Find the next match
    foundElement = body.findText(": ", foundElement);
    }

To find all ": " and underline them. But the script underlines the entire line. Why? Is it due to the fact that ":" is not properly "text"? If so, how can I do it?

A: In your script, start and end of offset are not used. So how about this modification?
From:
foundText.setBackgroundColor('#42e2f4');

To:
foundText.setBackgroundColor(start, end, '#42e2f4');

References:

*

*setForegroundColor(startOffset, endOffsetInclusive, color)


We don't have any MIDI -> MOD or SPC -> MOD conversions here, only original trackings.
All MODules are in RARed .MDR format. These files can be played with MODPlug. Alternatively, you can save the file, change the extension to .RAR and extract the MODule and play with another player such as WinAMP.


The online catalogue is the main catalogue of Library materials.
Using the catalogue has further details of how to search the catalogue and there are also details of other online catalogues including university, national and international libraries.
To search for the contents of the Library's Archives and Special Collections please consult our web page which gives advice on the most appropriate catalogue to use.


I'm so glad you are having what appears to be a rip-roaring time. I wanted to invite the front desk person to your party, but (lucky for you, I guess) he/she did not answer the phone.
Here's a tip for your next party: Don't have it in your hotel room at 4 a.m. Parties like that tend to raise the ire of people in other rooms — say one across the hall and down four doors down.
It was kind of a shock to be startled out of a sound sleep by slamming doors and hollering by grown men and women. It took me back to my college years in Traer Hall.
Thank you for giving me that extra time to get in a few more levels of Candy Crush before my early flight. I think I'll leave you a thank you note when I head out of the hotel.


text:
Joined on September 4, 2015
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Plot Outlines of 240 characters - no warning?
Hi. This could be a minor thing for many, but if the Plot Outline is exactly 240 characters, the system doesn't give any "warnings" th...
Eboy, 2 months ago
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Primary images doesn't show on a mobile view?
Hi. Am I missing something, but it seems that the "main" images (photos/posters/etc) are not visible in a mobile view? I'm talking abo...
Eboy, 1 month ago
Last reply: Ed Jones (XLIX), 1 month ago
Inglourious Basterds - director credit for Eli Roth?
Hi. I noticed that Eli Roth is credited (well, "uncredited") as a director alongside QT in "Inglourious Basterds". The credit refers t...
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Sport events - clarification?
Hi.Sport is a genre that is not always so easy to add to IMDb (unless we're talking about documentaries and such). Based from the info fr...
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Music video compilations vs music videos - clarification?
Hi. Maybe this issue has been discussed before, but how to add music videos AND music video compilations to IMDb? For example (ther...
Documentaries and TV movies
(I originally asked this question in the older thread, but didn't get any answers: https://getsatisfaction.com/imdb/topics/dont_list_spor...
Eboy, 2 years ago
Last reply: M J, 2 months ago
Different segments - clarification?
( This is basically a spin-off of the earlier thread: https://getsatisfaction.com/imdb/topics/dancers-in-stage-productions-actors-or-him-...
Talk show spin-off - different series?
Hi.I started to add a two-season TV series (I will refer to it as a "spin-off" series in this thread) to IMDb, when I noticed that it's c...
Character names - clarification with comma
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Character names - clarification?
( This is a spin-off of the earlier thread here: https://getsatisfaction.com/imdb/topics/cast-order-clarification )Hi. And sorry about an...
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The director not credited in the original release - but credited in the re-release/re-run - still "uncredited"?
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Alternate titles from TV listings etc
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Missing songs from the live concert videos (bands/artists) - trivia or alternate version?
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I have a feeling that there must a thread (or several) about this issue somewhere, but anyway... How to add an (actor) credit, when th...
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text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Options
{
    /// <summary>
    /// An option that can be specified once per language.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public class PerLanguageOption<T> : IOption2, IOption
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Save per language defaults
        /// </summary>
        private readonly IImmutableDictionary<string, T> _perLanguageDefaults;

        /// <summary>
        /// Feature this option is associated with.
        /// </summary>
        public string Feature { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The name of the option.
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The type of the option value.
        /// </summary>
        public Type Type
        {
            get { return typeof(T); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The default option value.
        /// </summary>
        public T DefaultValue { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// The default option value of specific language
        /// </summary>
        internal T GetDefaultValue(string language)
        {
            if (_perLanguageDefaults.Count == 0)
            {
                return DefaultValue;
            }

            T languageSpecificDefault;
            if (!_perLanguageDefaults.TryGetValue(language, out languageSpecificDefault))
            {
                return DefaultValue;
            }

            return languageSpecificDefault;
        }

        public PerLanguageOption(string feature, string name, T defaultValue) :
            this(feature, name, defaultValue, ImmutableDictionary<string, T>.Empty)
        {
        }

        internal PerLanguageOption(
            string feature, string name, T defaultValue, IDictionary<string, T> perLanguageDefaults)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(feature))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(feature));
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(name));
            }

            if (perLanguageDefaults == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(perLanguageDefaults));
            }

            this.Feature = feature;
            this.Name = name;
            this.DefaultValue = defaultValue;

            this._perLanguageDefaults =
                (perLanguageDefaults as IImmutableDictionary<string, T>) ??
                        ImmutableDictionary.CreateRange<string, T>(perLanguageDefaults);
        }

        Type IOption.Type
        {
            get { return typeof(T); }
        }

        object IOption.DefaultValue
        {
            get { return this.DefaultValue; }
        }

        bool IOption.IsPerLanguage
        {
            get { return true; }
        }

        object IOption2.GetDefaultValue(string language)
        {
            return this.GetDefaultValue(language);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} - {1}", this.Feature, this.Name);
        }
    }
}


text:
Happy New Year? 2014 Kicks Off With Reports Of Senseless Gun Violence (DETAILS)
Christina Coleman
Unfortunately, it's looking like 2014 came in with a few bangs — but not the good kind.
It may be a time for resolutions and starting new, but when the clock struck 12 a.m., at least one thing didn't change. Senseless gun violence.
The epidemic continued through midnight Tuesday, and into the latter part of the week. Think Progress gathered some of those unfortunate gun incidents that occurred as we ushered in a new year.
7:00 pm, Barberton, OH: Two shot dead, two others shot and injured at New Year's Eve party.
9:10 pm, Oakland, CA: One person was killed and two others (including a child) were injured as people headed out to their New Year's celebrations Tuesday. The shooting was Oakland's 92nd homicide of 2013.
11:00 pm, Pittsburgh, PA: Just before the new year began, three people were injured in a shooting near a bar in East Pittsburgh.
11:00 pm, Seattle, WA: Two people were shot, one critically and in the head, at a party in Seattle less than an hour before midnight.
12:00 am, Jacksonville, FL: While celebrating the start of 2014, a Florida man playing with his gun accidentally shot himself in the head.
12:30 am, Benton County, MO: Just half an hour after the ball dropped, a man in Missouri was shot and killed in what is being described as a "domestic altercation."
12:55 am, Toms River, NJ: Police arrived to a chaotic scene at a hotel in New Jersey where someone had opened fire — people were climbing out of windows and screaming after three people were shot at a party. The gunman is still on the loose.
12:56 am, Anchorage, AK: One man accidentally shot another inside his home in the early hours of 2014. The man who shot the gun has been charged with misconduct involving a weapon, and first degree assault.
1:45 am, Evanston, OH: One person was killed and another injured in Ohio's first homicide of 2014.
2:00 am, Chicago, IL: Police in Chicago responded to reports of shots fired just before 2:00 Wednesday morning. After a person allegedly raised a gun at the cops, they opened fire. In total, four people were shot by police fire.
2:30 am, Memphis, TN: Gunshots rang through a night club in Memphis in the wee hours of Wednesday morning, and a man leaving the club ended up injured by the bullets. Another bullet hole was found in a bouncer's shirt, though he had not been hit.
2:40 am, Cromwell, CT: Just outside of another hotel party for the new year, a person was shot in the leg. Private security found the victim after hearing gunshots coming from a parking garage outside the hotel.
3:00 am, New York, NY: 17-year old Malik Bhola was shot in the chest in Brooklyn. After being taken to the hospital, he was pronounced dead.
3:00 am, New Haven, CT: A man was left in critical condition after being shot in the head at a New Year's Eve hotel party just before 3:00 am.
These represent just a fraction of gun-related incidents that unfurled over the holiday and into the week. But sadly, these incidents aren't unique to the craziness the new year brings. In fact, on average, at least 32 people are killed by guns every day in the U.S.
Another 140 end up in the emergency room with gunshot wounds.
Let's hope this year is the year for a sweeping reform on gun control. But if last year was any indication…we've got a long way to go.
SOURCE: Think Progress | PHOTO CREDIT: Getty
Gun Violence guns New Years 2014 shooting violence


text:
Weekend Reading: Roald Dahl for Adults
by Julia Felsenthal
Photo by CBS Photo Archive / Getty Images
With The BFG, Steven Spielberg's CGI-enabled adaptation of Roald Dahl's 1982 children's book, hitting theaters this weekend, you'll forgive me for waxing nostalgic about the pleasures of childhood reading. If you're planning to see the movie or not (I'm leaning toward not—current reviews are meh), just a glimpse of the trailer may send you, like me, into a full misty-eyed spiral. After all, there are few books in the Western canon more beloved than Dahl's tale of a friendly, gibberish-spewing, snozzcumber-guzzling giant who spends his days catching dreams and his nights whispering them into the unconscious minds of sleeping children.
I don't know where or when I read The BFG—or Boy or Matilda or The Twits or any of the many Dahl books that I adored—but it's safe to say that it took place in one long sitting, cover to cover, and I was probably eating cheddar Goldfish crackers and drinking instant hot chocolate. I don't recall the details because what I do remember is utter absorption: Dahl made a world, Quentin Blake illustrated it, and I entered it entirely, willingly, wholeheartedly.
It's a level of engagement that's proved difficult to re-create in adult life. But what if I found my way back to the original source material? Are Dahl's kids' books—rarely kind, Margaret Talbot noted in The New Yorker, to their adult characters—still capable of hypnotizing a 30-something into a readerly fugue state?
I downloaded a Kindle edition of The BFG to my iPad to find out. There were no Goldfish, no hot chocolate, but I did have cold beer and a couple uninterrupted hours between work and bed. And I fell right back under Dahl's spell, pausing only—oh, the irony—to post an Instagram of a moment that especially spoke to my project: The young orphan Sophie (a stand-in, perhaps, for Sophie Dahl, the author's granddaughter, or, many speculate, for Olivia, his daughter who died at age 7 of complications from measles two decades before The BFG was published) is reading the labels the giant has scrawled on his dream jars. "I has ritten a book and it is so exciting nobody can put it down," goes one. "As soon as you has red the first line you is so hooked on it you cannot stop until the last page."
Lest you've forgotten, the giant—who, like Dahl, made a business of filling children's heads with stories—is in fact the book's author, writing pseudonymously under Dahl's name. It's a very grown-up wink to what the author already knew: The BFG would be a page-turner.
And it is. But if revisiting kiddie lit—even surreptitiously, under the cover of an e-reader—isn't your jam, may I recommend Dahl's lesser-known offerings: His literature for adults.
Dahl, who spent much of his early career writing for magazines like The New Yorker, Harpers, and The Atlantic, published several books of fiction for grown-ups. On the whole, these stories are acerbic and quite dark. (But not, I suppose, more so than Matilda, with its despotic, viciously violent Miss Trunchbull, nor The BFG, with its themes of child snatching and cannibalism.)
Slightly more disturbing is the fact that some of Dahl's adult books are very adult. Switch Bitch, in particular, published in 1974 and comprised of stories that originally appeared in Playboy, marries the playful irreverence we know and love with some decidedly pervy subject matter.
In "Bitch," Dahl's protagonist, a hedonistic, aristocratic Casanova named Oswald Cornelius—he's a recurring character in the Dahl canon and the star of the author's 1979 novel, My Uncle Oswald—is transformed into a giant, rocketlike penis. In "The Visitor," Oswald accidentally trysts in the middle of the Sinai desert with a leprous hag. In "The Great Switcheroo," two randy neighbors, unbeknownst to their faithful wives, plot to swap beds for a night. (The sexual politics of Switch Bitch are, to put it kindly, vintage.)
Other offerings—those compiled, for example, in the posthumously published Skin and Other Stories—are less horny and more surreal. That collection's titular story is a Kafka-esque yarn about an old tattoo artist who once got inked by the painter Chaim Soutine, and decades later, he finds that the skin on his back is more valuable than his life. In "Lamb to the Slaughter," a jilted wife murders her husband with a frozen leg of lamb, then serves the murder weapon to the hungry detectives who show up to investigate. And to come full circle, in "The Sound Machine," a man creates a mechanism to down-pitch inaudibly high frequencies and finds that trees and flowers have very strong feelings about their treatment at the hands of human beings: A rose responds to being cut with "a throatless, inhuman shriek, sharp and short, very clear and cold"; a tree, gashed by an ax, emits a "harsh, noteless, enormous noise, a growling, low-pitched, screaming sound" that is "drawn out like a sob."
A man builds a machine to do what a giant can do with only his marvelous, saucerlike, swiveling ears. "If I come along," the BFG tells Sophie, "and I is picking a lovely flower, if I is twisting the stem of the flower till it breaks, then the plant is screaming. I can hear it screaming and screaming very clear." It's quite the same, he adds, with trees. "If I is chopping an axe into the trunk of a big tree, I is hearing a terrible sound coming from inside the heart of the tree . . . a soft moaning sound . . . . It is like the sound an old man is making when he is dying slowly."


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