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Q: High current solid state battery disconnect I need to design a solid state switch to disconnect a battery (28V) from a load that can go to a maximum of 70 Amps in a 40C environnement.
An SSR like the Crydom D06D100 could handle this using a very large heatsink and I suppose it would be the same for whichever big MOSFET I find.
How do the following products achieve this objective without using such a big form factor?
https://www.modernracing.net/product/mr-solid-state-battery-disconnect/
https://perfectswitch.com/dc-solid-state-relays/uni-directional-dc-relays/
https://verticalpower.com/index.php/products/pps

A: Probably all those devices have to be mounted on a plate or heatsink. The heat generated due conduction loss is proportional to I²R, where R is the on resistance of the MOSFET. For large current it is better to put in parallel multiple MOSFETS that have a good thermal conduction to a PCB with thick copper layers.
A special charge pump is needed for driving N-MOSFETS. An example is an ideal diode controller like LTC4358


The faithful Muslims wishing to take part in this other edition of Hajj, will have to redouble their efforts. This is the substance of the exchanges between Paul Atanga Nji Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINATD) and the organizers of the 31st session of the National Commission of this event. During the hearing, it was clarified that taxes have increased by 10% in Saudi Arabia, where this religious meeting is still taking place. This explains why this year the cost of Hajj will be expensive. In addition to this issue, it was also noted that the length of stay has been revised downward. It is now up to 30 days.
Speaking in the 18 April 2018 columns of the daily Le Jour on the changes mentioned above, Abdoulkarimou, head of the Hajj 2018 delegation, said, "The organization of the Hajj is constantly changing in Saudi Arabia. This year the Hajj will be younger and there are full services such as water, electricity, fuel that have increased. The country has incited a VAT of more than 5 or even 10% on all Saudi services. This will make the cost of Hajj higher. "
On the publication of the prices of the event that will allow the Muslim faithful to prepare, Abdoulkarimou says "so far the prices are not published because, we do not have the prices of air transport yet. It must be chosen and this carrier must offer us its prices. It is an articulation that enters into the composition of the price of Hajj. There was Camair-co's presence in the room. The Minister asked them to make their offers.


Where is Gary Caldwell now?
A versatile defender who could play across the back, ex Wigan Athletic captain Gary Caldwell retired from playing in 2015 after failing to recover from a long-term hip injury.
When Caldwell's contract at Wigan was extended by a final year in 2014 part of the deal was that he was given some coaching responsibilities within the club's academy when he wasn't involved with the first team.
Upon officially retiring from playing in February 2015, Caldwell was given a full time role within the Wigan Athletic academy.
Caldwell's time coaching within the academy only lasted two months as he was appointed manager of the club in April 2015 after the sacking of Malky Mackay.
Although Caldwell was unable to save the club from relegation to League One, he successfully guided the club to the title and promotion back to the Championship the following season and won the LMA League One Manager of the Year award.
Unfortunately for Caldwell he endured a torrid start to the 2016-17 season with Wigan and was sacked in October 2016 after winning just two of their first 14 games of the season.
Caldwell was back in coaching just four months later when he was appointed in his current role as manager of League Two side Chesterfield in January 2017.
Unable to save his side from relegation to League Two, Caldwell's Chesterfield side had a terrible start to the 2017-18 season and he was sacked after winning just one of their first 10 games.


Since 1995 the Association, in conjunction with the office of each jurisdiction's provincial or territorial court chief judge, has offered an array of counseling and support services for superior court judges and their families. The Judges Counseling Program is a confidential service that helps judges and retired judges and their immediate families deal with health concerns and personal problems. Through Family Guidance International (FGI), Canada's largest provider of counseling and assistance services, judges and their families have access to short-term professional counseling to cope with stress, depression, marital problems, bereavement, alcohol or substance abuse, emotional problems, child care, caring for elderly parents and other relationship and wellness issues.
The CSCJA also publishes an electronic newsletter several times a year to update members on upcoming events, the work of the Association and its committees, and issues of interest to judges.


Oxley Kids Kindergarten provides a happy and relaxed learning environment, designed to build children's confidence and independence, and to nurture positive attitudes towards each other, towards teachers, and towards learning in general. It is in discovering the importance of co-operation and mutual respect that children are introduced to fundamental Christian principles.
At Oxley Kids, we are blessed to be able to offer both Short Day and Long Day options for our 3 and 4 year olds. Please read the following information carefully, and chat to us if it needs clarification, to help you in deciding which option is best for your child and your family situation.
For all of our programs, our planning focuses on specific objectives for each child, taking into account his or her individual creative interests and ideas. Cognitive, perceptual and physical skills are then practised and developed through art and play.
All of our 3 and 4 year old programs aim to develop independence, build social skills and resilience, and grow an enquiring mind. Of course, as part of these programs, the children will also continually be learning more academic and physical skills (eg numeracy and literacy skills, including a phonics program for our 4 year olds, gross motor skills (eg climbing, balancing, jumping), and fine motor skills such as drawing/writing, threading and cutting). They all include group times as well as times of choosing from intentional play activities, planned by the teachers for their educational outcomes. They are all delivered by qualified Early Childhood Teachers. Our 4 year old programs, run as funded sessional kindergarten programs, with the option to incorporate longer hours of care if the Long Day Kindergarten is selected.
It is important to emphasise that the quality of education and the outcomes for both streams are identical. As each is structured differently, and delivered by a different teacher, there will be some differences in program delivery, but they operate under the same Early Years Learning Frameworks, the same Law and Regulations, and with the same commitment to quality education. Our view is that a child should not receive an inferior education simply because his or her parents need longer hours of care than that offered in a sessional program.
Our long day programs operate between 6:30am-6:30pm each day, providing a longer period of care than that available in our short day programs. With up to 22 children each day, the room will include different children on different days. This program is billed on a daily basis, and Child Care Benefit and Rebate apply. You may choose the days and times booked when utilising this option. All bookings continue throughout the year (including school holidays).
This operates in the same way as most 3 year old Kindergartens. Each child is placed in a group with up to 21 other children, and they all attend for 2 sessions of 3 hours each, per week (9am-12noon, Monday and Friday). There is no flexibility in times or days. This program is billed by the term, does not attract Child Care Benefit or Rebate, and only runs during school terms. Children need to be 3 years old before they can start in this program. A discount is offered for payment up front of the full annual fee.
Our long day programs operate between 6:30am-6:30pm each day, providing a longer period of care than that available in our short day programs. The Kindergarten program runs for 5 hours each day (8:30am-2:00pm), with extended care available before and after the Kindergarten time, and children need to be enrolled for at least 3 days to allow for their 15 hours of kindergarten. With up to 22 children each day, the room will include different children on different days. This program is billed on a daily basis, and Child Care Benefit and Rebate apply. You may choose the days and times booked when utilising this option, subject to availability. All bookings continue throughout the year (including school holidays).
This operates in the same way as most Kindergartens. Each child is placed in a group with up to 21 other children, and they all attend for 3 sessions per week, totalling 15 hours of kindergarten. Session run from 8:30am until 2:00pm, Monday to Friday. There is no flexibility in times or days once assigned to a group. This program is billed by the term, does not attract Child Care Benefit or Rebate, and only runs during school terms. A discount is offered for payment up front of the full annual fee.
We do not offer care before and after Short Day Kindergarten. We have found that the children do not cope with the transition and therefore we do not recommend it. You are, however, welcome to request long day care on different days to the short day program, but priority will be given to children enrolled in the Long Day Kindergarten program.


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Oil and Gas Executive Rights – Drilling Down on Your Duty
February 1, 2020 | Publications | 3 minute read
By: Ted R. Harrington
He who has the gold makes the rules. However, when the "gold" includes oil and gas executive rights (the ability to lease, or not lease, a mineral interest), the rule-maker does not have unfettered discretion, especially when decisions appear to stem from self-interest. Over the past decade, the Texas Supreme Court has attempted to define and clarify exactly what duty is owed by an oil and gas executive right holder (the "executive") to the non-participating interest holders who are along for the ride, collecting royalty payments but having little to no ability to control how they are generated. While the executive right holder does not owe a fiduciary duty to non-participating royalty interest ("NPRI") holders (those royalty holders who do not share in bonus or rental payments and who also do not have the right to execute leases), it is clear that a certain level of consideration is required, and the failure to do so may be costly.
The first substantial step the Texas Supreme Court took towards pinning a duty on executives came in 2011, in Lesley v. Veterans Land Bd. of State. The Court in this case dealt with an executive's inaction, or refusal to lease, and stopped short of producing a bright-line test for holding executives accountable. Instead, it toed the line and put forth the idea that if the executive's refusal to lease was "arbitrary or motivated by self-interest, the executive may have breached his duty." Lesley v. Veterans Land Bd. of State, 352 S.W.3d 479, 491 (Tex. 2011).
Four years later, the Court in KCM Fin. LLC v. Bradshaw again examined the discretion an executive has concerning the right to lease. This time, the Court was faced with an executive's affirmative action, leasing to a third party at a sub-market rate (the rental payments being received by the executive and NPRI holders in their respective proportions), in exchange for an above-market bonus payment (received only by the executive right holder). This led the Court to promulgate a standard which considered whether "the executive engaged in acts of self-dealing that unfairly diminished the value of the non-executive interest." KCM Financial LLC v. Bradshaw, 457 S.W.3d 70, 74 (Tex. 2015).
At that point in time, executive and NPRI holders alike did not have a clear idea of either (a) the level of duty owed to NPRI holders, or (b) what circumstances – affirmative or passive lease decisions – triggered this duty. In April 2019, the Court in Texas Outfitters Limited, LLC v. Nicholson had the opportunity to further distill these questions. Texas Outfitters Limited, LLC v. Nicholson, 572 S.W.3d 647 (Tex. 2019).
In 2002, Texas Outfitters Limited, LLC purchased surface rights to 100% of the subject land to operate its hunting business. Below the surface, three parties were involved; the Hindes family owned 50% of the mineral interest, including the executive right to that portion, Texas Outfitters owned the executive right to the remaining 50% of the minerals in question (but only received 4% of the mineral interest, while the Carters retained the remaining 46%). Several years later, El Paso Oil Exploration & Production Company struck a deal with the Hindeses to lease their 50%, while Texas Outfitters declined to lease on the same terms, against the express wishes of the Carters. Texas Outfitters reasoned any lease of the minerals would diminish the value of the surface estate, and therefore its hunting business. If the above fractions and percentages did not turn you away, you see where this is headed: Which standard will be used to determine another case concerning an executive's "failure to lease"?
In reaching its decision, the Court applied what they deemed the "controlling inquiry" in all executive duty cases, the KCM standard, which up to this point only controlled affirmative lease decisions involving self-dealing. In doing so, they broadened this standard to encompass "refusal to lease" cases as well as cases involving actively leasing on favorable, self-dealing terms.
While we now have a clearer idea of the level of accountability an executive right holder has, a spotlight hovers over the executive right to lease mineral interests. Does this mean the value of an executive right may diminish? Will a potential executive be able to negotiate a lower price for this right now that it carries a broader, more stringent duty to NPRI holders? Will this lead to potential executives questioning whether such an obligation is worth buying? While the Court in Texas Outfitters did provide the clearest notion of an executive's duty to date, this explicit standard leads to uncertain implications.
Theodore R. Harrington
tharrington@ccsb.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: How to save shell command for next time use (Terminal of Android Studio) Suppose I run this command in Android Studio terminal
D:\.android\sdk\platform-tools/adb shell input text 'Some Text'

How do I save it (as macro) for next time use After closing and opening Android Studio instead of retyping the full command?
I know in the current session we can use the UP/DOWN arrows, I am looking at something like macros to be saved and be permanent...

A: I also faced this problem and reduce my 80% time and effort to run shell command by creating .bat files with just one letter like d.bat etc (single letter for reducing keyboard interaction to lessen time).
If you have no idea about What is bat file? and How to deal with it? please check this answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fruit and vegetable dehydration is both a natural and normal process. The longer foods are stored and handled, the greater the dehydration.
From the moment of harvest, fruits and vegetables stop being replenished in water and minerals. Through natural osmosis, organic elements start releasing their water content as vaporised humidity in their environment. This naturally changes the weight factor of produce. Weight loss via dehydration can impact from 3 to 15% of overall weight, depending on the given variety.
Maintaining an appropriately high and constant level of humidity in storage areas will slow down the process of osmosis. Refrigerated environments slow the release of water; overall through humidification, produce is replenished.


Qualification : Must hold a certificate of competency as Master of foreign going ship issued by the Ministry of Shipping, Govt. of India, or an equivalent qualification recognized by the Ministry of Shipping, Govt. of India or One year post qualification experience as Master/Chief Officer of a foreign going ship.


Leading critic Ian Bogost posits that game critique is both serious cultural currency and self-parody. Noting that the term games criticism once struck him as preposterous, Bogost observes that the idea, taken too seriously, risks balkanizing games writing from the rest of culture.
This is Ian Bogost at his best. Keen intelligence, acid wit, and a restless desire to look beyond the surface and tease out games' less obvious, more important meanings.
Videogames! Aren't they the medium of the twenty-first century? The new cinema? The apotheosis of art and entertainment, the realization of Wagnerian gesamtkunstwerk? The final victory of interaction over passivity? No, probably not. Games are part art and part appliance, part tableau and part toaster. In How to Talk about Videogames, leading critic Ian Bogost explores this paradox more thoroughly than any other author to date.
Delving into popular, familiar games like Flappy Bird, Mirror's Edge, Mario Kart, Scribblenauts, Ms. Pac-Man, FarmVille, Candy Crush Saga, Bully, Medal of Honor, Madden NFL, and more, Bogost posits that videogames are as much like appliances as they are like art and media. We don't watch or read games like we do films and novels and paintings, nor do we perform them like we might dance or play football or Frisbee. Rather, we do something in between with games. Games are devices we operate, so game critique is both serious cultural currency and self-parody. It is about figuring out what it means that a game works the way it does and then treating the way it works as if it were reasonable, when we know it isn't.
Ian Bogost is Ivan Allen College Distinguished Chair in Media Studies and professor of interactive computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is the author of many books, including How to Do Things with Videogames and Alien Phenomenology, or What It's Like to Be a Thing (both Minnesota), as well as Unit Operations: An Approach to Videogame Criticism and Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames. He is the award-winning game designer of A Slow Year, Cow Clicker, and more.
No one else is as wide-ranging, funny, or inspiringly immune to cant or groupthink as Ian Bogost. How to Talk about Videogames is his most accessible and entertaining book yet.
Ian Bogost can take apart a game's design and tell you exactly what makes it work and what it means to us personally and to our game-playing society. How to Talk about Videogames has deep insights into a range of current topics we are dealing with or experiencing today. There's a lot here to learn.
If you want an engaging, enjoyable tour of the video game commentary in 2015 conducted by a smart and entertaining writer, you'd be hard-pressed to do much better than How to Talk about Videogames by Ian Bogost.
Whether Bogost is examining old favorites like Ms. Pac-Man or scrutinizing a flash-in-the-pan app like Flappy Bird, his outlook is thoughtful, inquisitive, and amused.
Bogost embraces the preposterousness and paradox of games as both consumer products and art, and in running with that tension he offers a compelling method of understanding and writing about them.
[How to Talk about Videogames] has already proven indispensable to those of us interested in how video games have become such a vital artistic medium.
Ian Bogost's How to Talk About Videogames isn't just a book about games-- it's a book about criticism, and where it fits in our wider culture. Bogost is the rare academic writer whose work is as clear and exciting as the best of the mainstream, and whose critical exercises backfire by becoming enormous commercial/popular successes.
4. Little Black Sambo, I'm Going to Eat You Up!
5. Can a Gobbler Have It All?
8. Can the Other Come Out and Play?
16. What Is a Sports Videogame?
PopMatters: Do We Need a Book That Talks About Videogames in Relation to Kant's Thoughts on the Sublime?
Whether you played Pac-Man as a kid, are a videogame fanatic, or simply enjoy 'Words with Friends,' HOW TO TALK ABOUT VIDEOGAMES has much to offer.
Reviews of How to Talk about Videogames by Ian Bogost and Coin-Operated Americans by Carly Kocurek.
Longreads excerpt of Ian Bogost's The Geek's Chihuahua.
The conversation about video games is blossoming right now. It's a million conversations, really, touching upon everything from arcane design philosophies to games' political messages to the never-ending debates about free speech. Review of Ian Bogost's How to Talk about Videogames.