text:
Stop pretending Britain is America
The year was 1927, and Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Applin, DSO, OBE, was on the warpath. The Conservative MP for Enfield was a man of decidedly robust opinions. In his youth he had served in the North Borneo Armed Constabulary. In middle age he had fought in the Boer War and commanded an Anzac machine-gun detachment at Passchendaele. And now, as he rose to address the House of Commons, he could feel the old fighting spirit surging through his veins. The blood was up, the heart was strong, and Lieutenant-Colonel Applin was preparing to engage his deadliest foe yet — Americanisation.
Now, as the House fell silent, he reported that he had recently visited a "big theatre" in Regent Street, where he had seen a silent film called What Price Glory? It had been billed as a comedy, but Lieutenant-Colonel Applin was not laughing. Set in the trenches, the film had dared to joke about the lives of men at war. Worse, it had shown men flirting with French girls! Surely, he told his fellow MPs, his voice trembling with rage, this was "not the kind of thing we British people want to see".
But then he contradicted himself. Shockingly, such films were, it seemed, the kind of thing British people wanted to see. He reached into his pocket and produced — yes! — an editorial from the Daily Express. Grimly he began to read: "The plain truth about the film situation is that the bulk of our picture-goers are Americanised to an extent that makes them regard a British film as a foreign film… They go to see American stars; they have been brought up on American publicity. They talk America, think America, and dream America. We have several million people, mostly women, who, to all intent and purpose, are temporary American citizens…"
I've been thinking about Lieutenant-Colonel Applin ever since the US Supreme Court struck down Roe v. Wade, apparently filling millions of Britons with existential horror. I thought of him when I saw the former tax accountant turned Corbyn economic adviser Richard Murphy tweeting: "Where the Republicans go the Tories follow. We take the right to abortion, contraception, gay rights and same-sex marriage for granted now. We shouldn't. Very soon Tory think tanks will have their sights on all of them. Fascism is on the march."
"Mad," I thought. I saw that more than 3,000 people had retweeted this ridiculous prophecy, while another 10,000 had "liked" it, and I shook my head in despair. And then I saw another effusion, this time from the Labour MP Stella Creasy: "To every one of our American sisters, we are with you. We will not rest until your rights are restored… You think what you see in America couldn't happen here? Then you don't understand who is organising in UK politics."
Again I thought of poor old Lieutenant-Colonel Applin. And then, as if to complete the set, I saw that the Prime Minister had weighed in, too. "In a sense, it's for the United States, it's not for the UK," Boris Johnson told CNN. Alas, he just couldn't help himself: "But the Roe v. Wade judgement, when it came out, was important psychologically for people around the world…"
American feminism has turned its back on women
By Hadley Freeman
This isn't another essay about Roe v. Wade. Like every single other British observer, I have nothing worthwhile to say about it. Why would I? I'm not American. And that's what this column is about — not being American.
What is it, I wonder, that blinds so many ostensibly intelligent people to the fact that the United States and Great Britain are two different countries? "Where the Republicans go the Tories follow," says Richard Murphy. But that just isn't true. There are some similarities, of course; but if you're hoping to win selection for a safe Tory seat by talking about ending abortion, outlawing socialised medicine and encouraging the high-street sales of automatic weapons, then I've got a nice padded cell for you. "We will not rest until your rights are restored," Stella Creasy tells her American sisters. But what does that mean? How much influence does the Labour MP for Walthamstow have over the American judiciary? Can you truly measure something so small?
"You think what you see in America couldn't happen here?" asks Ms Creasy. Well, I suppose it's just possible that in the next few years we could completely change our political system, radically reshape the relationship between the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, adopt a version of the US Constitution, develop a deeply religious political culture and set up a fervent anti-abortion movement — all of which would be the cue for our own Supreme Court to hand down a judgement allowing individual counties (Dorset? Wiltshire?) to outlaw abortion. Yes, I suppose it's possible. It's certainly no more implausible than a major British political party campaigning to throw out the 1967 Abortion Act — another thing that is clearly never going to happen.
Britain is not America. According to the most recent YouGov survey, just two in a hundred people — two! — think abortion should be illegal. What's more, only 6% of people think access to abortions is too easy, compared with 8% who think it's too hard, 47% who think it's about right, and 36% who don't know or don't care. To repeat, Britain is not America.
Roe v Wade deserves to fall
By Kat Rosenfield
We've been here before, of course. When a Minneapolis policeman killed George Floyd in May 2020, thousands of people defied Covid regulations to demonstrate in British cities, while The Guardian's Afua Hirsch insisted that "the racism that killed George Floyd was built in Britain". But in their racial politics and attitudes, as Tomiwa Owolade wrote last month, the two countries are completely different. The plain fact is that if you're black and you're British, your chances of being shot by the police are vanishingly small.
To point this out in progressive circles, though, is to identify yourself as the enemy. America's struggles are Britain's struggles, and only a fascist would deny it. "The prejudice that black people in America face is the same prejudice we face here. When one is hurt, we're all hurt, because it could have been us," a demonstrator told the BBC in the summer of 2020. You'd never guess that the two countries' histories have been utterly different — or that most of our police are unarmed, so that actually it probably couldn't have been us. Nor would you guess that there are, in fact, more than two countries on earth.
Do you remember the story of Victoria Salazar, the Salvadorean woman who was killed when a Mexican policewoman pinned her to the ground and broke her neck in the resort of Tulum? No, you probably don't, because people didn't march about it in the centre of Oxford. What about the 28 people killed during a Rio police raid on the Jacarezinho favela in 2021, or the 21 killed in another raid on the Vila Cruzeiro favela a few weeks ago? I don't expect you remember them either. Why would you? "When one is hurt, we're all hurt." Yes, but only if they're American.
Is it pointless to stand against the tide of knee-jerk, unthinking, virtue-signalling Americanisation? If Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Applin could join us now from beyond the grave, he might admit that it is. Even so, I think rolling news, the internet and social media have made things immeasurably worse, blurring the lines between America and the world, convincing millions of otherwise sane people that what happens in Tuscaloosa matters more than what happens in Towcester.
Here's just one small example. When I heard Boris Johnson say that "the Roe v. Wade judgment, when it came out, was important psychologically for people around the world", I decided to check. It's hard to be sure, of course, but I'm pretty confident it wasn't. Abortion had been legal in Britain since 1967, so why would anybody care about the US Supreme Court? The Times briefly reported the story on its front page, but that was it. The Guardian ran a slightly longer report, but there were no editorials, no exultant columns, no readers' letters. Some other papers had a tiny news item, buried on an inside page. Most didn't mention it at all. In Ted Heath's Britain, it just wasn't a story. Tell that to a BBC website editor in 2022, and they'd probably shake their heads in horror.
The mystery of Wagatha Christie
By Dominic Sandbrook
Does all this matter? I think it does. Obviously we can't live in a national bubble: our public discourse has always been influenced by trends and events overseas, from Lutheranism in the early 16th century to Jacobinism in the 1790s. But the intense and growing obsession with America isn't just a curious Anglophone quirk. It's a poison infecting our public life.
Almost everything about political life in the US today strikes me as deeply unhealthy. The general tone, perfectly reflected in that Richard Murphy tweet after the Roe v. Wade judgement, is relentlessly hysterical. The stakes are always sky-high; every setback is a shattering defeat. Death and despair stalk the land; the very existence of the Republic hangs by a thread, and the world of The Handmaid's Tale may be only a few years away. And your political opponents are not merely misguided, they are positively wicked. Evil conspirators — militiamen, abortionists, gunowners, critical race theorists — are plotting subversion and civil war. How can you compromise with such people? How can there be a common ground?
Perhaps, as the historian Richard Hofstadter famously argued, it was ever thus. The American colonies were born as a kind of apocalyptic fantasy: a shining city on a hill, safe from the corrupt crypto-Papists of 17th-century England. The Republic, too, began with a conspiracy theory, casting the kindly, avuncular, quietly anti-slavery George III as a monstrous tyrant. And violence — whether rhetorical or actual — has been part of American political life from the very beginning. The violence of the Puritan firebrand and the violence of the frontier; the violence of the wars against Indians and Mexicans, the violence of slavery and the violence of the Civil War. Violence was America's past; perhaps violence is America's future.
But Britain isn't America. Why would we want to import their hysterical tone? We have plenty of issues of our own, of course; but they're ours, not theirs. Our race relations aren't perfect, but they're among the very best in Europe, not that you'd know it from much of the media. Boris Johnson really, really isn't a fascist, and the worst thing you can say about Keir Starmer is that he's incredibly boring. And yes, we do take "the right to abortion, contraception, gay rights and same-sex marriage" for granted. But why wouldn't we? Who's threatening them? Does anybody seriously think Boris Johnson, of all people, is going to abolish contraception?
Don't get me wrong. It's not that I don't think the Roe v. Wade judgement matters. It does, but it matters for Americans. Sometimes things just aren't about us. "You think what you see in America couldn't happen here?" Yes, I do, actually. Let's see who's right.
Categories: Uncategorized Tags: America, Black Lives Matter, Britain, George Floyd, Uncategorized
The emptiness of awareness campaigns
Why did my daughter become trans?


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Search Back Issues DAILY ALERT Wednesday,
Iranian Official Denies that Nuclear Reactor Was Sealed - Thomas Erdbrink (New York Times)
Ali Asghar Zarean, Iran's deputy nuclear chief, on Tuesday denied a report that technicians had removed the core of the Arak heavy-water reactor and poured concrete into the cavity.
He said Iran planned to sign an agreement next week with China to modify the reactor, which is capable of producing the plutonium needed to build an atomic weapon.
United Methodist Church Divests from Israeli Banks - Rachel Zoll (AP-U.S. News)
The pension fund for the United Methodist Church has blocked five of Israel's leading banks from its investment portfolio.
It sold off Israeli bank stock worth a few million dollars and sold holdings worth about $5,000 in the Israeli real estate and construction company Shikun & Binui.
The pension board identified Israel and the Palestinian territories among more than a dozen "high risk" countries or regions with "a prolonged and systematic pattern of human rights abuses."
Other countries on the list include Saudi Arabia, the Central African Republic and North Korea.
ISIS Blamed in Istanbul Attack that Killed 10 Tourists - Ceylan Yeginsu and Tim Arango (New York Times)
An Islamic State operative from Syria wearing a vest of explosives killed nine German and one Peruvian tourist on Tuesday not far from the Blue Mosque. At least 15 other people were wounded, including nine Germans.
French Jewish Politician Found Stabbed to Death in His Home (JTA)
Alain Ghozland, 73, a municipal counselor in Creteil, a Paris suburb, was found dead in his apartment Tuesday, his body riddled with stab wounds.
See also Shadow of Anti-Semitism Is Stalking Europe Again - Itamar Eichner and Rachel Cadars (Ynet News)
Jews across Europe are taking off their yarmulkes and hiding their Star of David necklaces as "there is a sense of growing fear and worry among Europe's Jews," said Gideon Bachar, head of the Department for Combating Anti-Semitism in the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
"To our regret, Jewish life is taking place more and more behind walls, armed guards, police and security cameras."
Israel Slams Swedish FM for Call to Probe "Extrajudicial Killings" of Palestinians - Barak Ravid (Ha'aretz)
Swedish Foreign Minister Margot Wallstrom called on Tuesday for an investigation to determine if Israel was guilty of extrajudicial killings of Palestinians during recent violence.
Israel's Foreign Ministry called the statements "irresponsible and delusional," adding that Wallstrom is "giving support to terror and thus encouraging violence."
Opposition leader Isaac Herzog said, "It's interesting that Sweden didn't respond similarly when Paris police killed the terrorists as needed."
"And it would be interesting to know if she would respond similarly when the terrorists commit appalling attacks in her country."
Iran Holds 10 U.S. Sailors But Pledges to Release Them Soon, Pentagon Says - Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Missy Ryan
The Iranian military took control of two U.S. Navy vessels and their crew Tuesday after the boats apparently strayed into Iran's territorial waters, U.S. officials said. The small riverine command boats had been en route from Kuwait to Bahrain in the Persian Gulf. The Iranian military took the boats and their crews to its naval base at Farsi Island in the northern Persian Gulf. (Washington Post)
See also Iran's Revolutionary Guards "Arrested" American Soldiers - Josh Rogin and Eli Lake
Even if Iran quickly releases the 10 U.S. military personnel it took custody of, the incident shows that despite a nuclear agreement with the West, Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps is willing to board U.S. vessels, take American soldiers into custody, and, according to CNN citing U.S. officials, confiscate the crew's communications and GPS equipment. The Iranian state press reported the sailors had been "arrested" for "snooping." It took several hours before the captured sailors were allowed to make contact with their superiors.
Former U.S. ambassador to Iraq Jim Jeffrey, now at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, said the Iranians know the Obama administration is committed to preserving the Iran deal above all else and they are using that knowledge to get away with mischief. The incident also shows that the faction of Iran's government - led by President Hassan Rouhani - that negotiated the nuclear deal has little influence over Iran's national security state. (Bloomberg)
See also Iran Releases Captured U.S. Navy Crew Members - Fred Barbash
"Ten U.S. Navy sailors safely returned to U.S. custody today, after departing Iran," U.S. Naval Forces Central Command said in a statement Wednesday. (Washington Post)
Iran Asks U.S. to Apologize for "Violating" Its Territorial Waters
Iran's Revolutionary Guards said on Wednesday that Tehran has asked the U.S. for an apology for "violating" Iran's territorial waters, after 10 American sailors were arrested on Tuesday. Separately, a spokesman for the Revolutionary Guards said the U.S. sailors were being interrogated, according to the Tasnim news agency. (Al Arabiya)
See also Iran Says Seizure of U.S. Boats a Lesson to "Troublemakers" in Congress
Major General Hassan Firouzabadi, head of Iran's armed forces, said Wednesday: "This incident in the Persian Gulf, which probably will not be the American forces' last mistake in the region, should be a lesson to troublemakers in the U.S. Congress," the Tasnim news agency reported. (Reuters)
Israel Welcomes Fifth German-Made Submarine - Herb Keinon and Yaakov Lappin
Israel's newest submarine, the INS Rahav, Israel's fifth Dolphin-class sub, arrived in Haifa on Tuesday. "Our submarine fleet serves as a deterrent to our enemies who seek our destruction," said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. "They need to know that Israel is capable of hitting with very great force anyone who tries to harm us." Netanyahu said that Israel is aiming for superiority on all fronts and is active in cyberspace, in the air, in space, on the ground, under the ground against the threat of tunnels, in the seas, and underwater.
Netanyahu thanked German Chancellor Angela Merkel and President Joachim Gauck for their "great contribution to fortifying our naval force through supplying these submarines." The sub cost nearly $500 million, with Berlin providing about a third of the funding. A sixth sub is still being built. (Jerusalem Post-AP)
See also New Sub Doubles Israel Navy's Long-Range Capabilities - Yaakov Lappin
The arrival of Israel's second new-generation air independent propulsion submarine has doubled the navy's long-range operational capabilities, a soon-to-be submarine commander told the Jerusalem Post on Tuesday. (Jerusalem Post)
See also Israeli Submarine Fleet for Deterrence and Second Nuclear Strike - Yossi Melman (Jerusalem Post)
Israel Air Force Attacks Palestinian Terrorists Planting Explosives on Gaza Border - Yoav Zitun
The Israel Air Force attacked a Palestinian terror cell in northern Gaza on Wednesday as they were planting explosives on the border fence to set off near an IDF patrol. The Palestinians reported one killed and three wounded. (Ynet News)
Israeli Soldiers Foil Stabbing Attempt near Hebron - Stuart Winer
A Palestinian man rushed at an IDF patrol brandishing a knife near the Beit Anun junction in the Hebron area on Tuesday. The soldiers opened fire, killing the attacker. (Times of Israel)
Top Israeli Diplomat: "Iran Wants to Turn Syria into a Province of Iran" - Armin Rosen
Iran is "a country of 80 million seeking to get nuclear weapons," Israeli diplomat Dore Gold told the Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington on Jan. 11. Gold said that he "firmly believes Iran wants to turn Syria into a province of Iran." Citing Iranian promotion of Shi'ite Islam in the country, Gold said Iran is "involved in creating a social and political change that incorporates Syria into the Iranian state." Gold said that Iranian religious outreach in Syria wasn't just "a question of building Shi'ite mosques. It's a question of a permanent deployment against Israel from the north. That's something we cannot accept."
Philip Smyth, a researcher at the University of Maryland and a leading expert on Shi'ite militia movements, noted, "The revolutionary ideology of the Islamic Republic of Iran has a very long-term goal to incorporate many states/groups into a broader political project." Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of Iran's Islamic revolution, "was not a supporter of Iranian nationalism and wanted a true and total pan-Islamic government under his religious guidelines/ideology." (Business Insider)
Palestinian Leadership Encourages Knifings and Car-Rammings Against Israelis - Brig.-Gen. (res.) Yossi Kuperwasser
In a speech he gave in Bethlehem last week, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas said the "popular intifada will go on until the end of the occupation and there will be no return to negotiations without recognition of all the rights of the Palestinians," and that "progress toward an agreement must be achieved by international intervention."
Fatah Central Committee member Jibril Rajoub declared that Fatah regards the 17 "martyrs" whose bodies were returned to the Palestinians for burial on Jan. 1 in Hebron as heroes and Fatah encourages young Palestinians to follow their path.
What can we learn from Abbas' and Rajoub's comments? First, whether they were responsible for launching the current wave of terror or not, they are now taking responsibility for it. Not only do they refrain from denouncing it, they encourage it. It should be recognized that this is a national campaign whose fighters, the knife-wielders and the car-rammers, are acting according to the directives of their leadership. The lack of security in Israel brought about by their actions is the tool by which the leadership expects to rack up achievements in the diplomatic arena.
Abbas' strategic goals have not changed, and he continues to refuse to recognize Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people. Abbas is prepared only for an agreement that does not contradict his strategic aim of bringing down Zionism. He is leading his people to a perpetuation of suffering, because there is no chance that Israel will give in to terror.
The writer, director of the project on Regional Middle East Developments at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, was formerly director general of the Strategic Affairs Ministry and head of research for IDF Intelligence. (Ha'aretz)
Obama: "How Do We Keep America Safe and Lead the World Without Becoming Its Policeman?" (White House)
President Obama said Tuesday in his annual State of the Union address:
"How do we keep America safe and lead the world without becoming its policeman?...The United States of America is the most powerful nation on Earth. Period. It's not even close. We spend more on our military than the next eight nations combined."
"As someone who begins every day with an intelligence briefing, I know this is a dangerous time....In today's world, we're threatened less by evil empires and more by failing states. The Middle East is going through a transformation that will play out for a generation, rooted in conflicts that date back millennia."
"Priority number one is protecting the American people and going after terrorist networks. Both al-Qaeda and now ISIL pose a direct threat to our people, because in today's world, even a handful of terrorists who place no value on human life, including their own, can do a lot of damage. They use the Internet to poison the minds of individuals inside our country; they undermine our allies....Masses of fighters on the back of pickup trucks and twisted souls plotting in apartments or garages pose an enormous danger to civilians and must be stopped."
"But they do not threaten our national existence. That's the story ISIL wants to tell; that's the kind of propaganda they use to recruit. We don't need to build them up to show that we're serious, nor do we need to push away vital allies in this fight by echoing the lie that ISIL is representative of one of the world's largest religions. We just need to call them what they are - killers and fanatics who have to be rooted out, hunted down, and destroyed."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Markets await the ECB decision just after midday today in Frankfurt. since no change in rates is probable, the focus is on what might be signaled about future policy. A future tightening of policy from the current excessive ease is inevitable. The only question is when. This expectation has been a source of EUR demand.
The EURUSD HOD has been 1.0922, while the LOD is 1.0896. The EURUSD level vis-a-vis 1.0900 should set the tone of the market today. The focus at the moment is on upside resistance at the HOD and then the recent high at 1.0951. Use your AT charts for current support (red) and resistance (blue) levels. The Amazing Trader (AT) will tell you which way the winds are blowing. Watch live to see the color lines that are being drawn or erased.


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Posts Tagged 'James Fenton'
Genetic Engineered crop pulled out: Hidden Health Dangers
Posted by: adonis49 on: October 25, 2018
In: engineering/research/experiments | Essays | Events/Cultural/Educational/Arts | health/medicine | social articles
Hidden Health Dangers:
A Former Agbiotech Insider Wants His GMO Crops Pulled
by Caius Rommens. Oct. 17, 2018
Genetic engineering isn't everyone's childhood dream. I didn't care for it when I started studying biology at the University of Amsterdam, but my professor explained it was an acquired taste and the best option for a good job.
So, I suppressed my doubts and learned to extract DNA from plants, recombine the DNA in test tubes, reinsert the fusions into plant cells, and use hormones to regenerate new plants.
People say that love is blind, but I started loving what I did blindly. Or, perhaps, what started as an acquired taste soon became a dangerous addiction. Genetic engineering became part of me.
After I received my PhD, I went to the University of California in Berkeley to help develop a new branch of genetic engineering. I isolated several disease resistance genes from wild plants, and demonstrated, for the first time, that these genes could confer resistance to domesticated plants. Monsanto liked my work and invited me to lead its new disease control program in St. Louis in 1995.
I should not have accepted the invitation. I knew, even then, that pathogens cannot be controlled by single genes: They evolve too quickly around any barrier to infection.
It takes about two to three decades for insects and plants to overcome a resistance gene, but it takes only a few years, at most, for pathogens to do the same.
I did accept the invitation, though, and the next six years became a true boot camp in genetic engineering. I learned to apply many tricks about how to change the character of plants and I learned to stop worrying about the consequences of such changes.
In 2000, I left Monsanto and started an independent biotech program at J.R. Simplot Company in Boise, Idaho.
Simplot is one of the largest potato processors in the world. It was my goal to develop GMO potatoes that would be admired by farmers, processors, and consumers.
Genetic engineering had become an obsession by then, and I created at least 5,000 different GMO versions each year—more than any other genetic engineer. All these potential varieties were propagated, grown in greenhouses or the field, and evaluated for agronomic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics.
The almost daily experience I suppressed was that none of my modifications improved potato's vigor or yield potential. In contrast, most GMO varieties were stunted, chlorotic, mutated, or sterile, and many of them died quickly, like prematurely-born babies.
Despite all my quiet disappointments, I eventually combined three new traits into potatoes: disease resistance (for farmers), no tuber discoloration (for processors), and reduced food-carcinogenicity (for consumers).
It was as hard for me to consider that my GMO varieties might be corrupted as it is for parents to doubt the perfection of their children. Our assumption was that GMOs are safe. But my pro-biotech filter eventually wore thin and finally shattered entirely.
I identified some minor mistakes and had my first doubts about the products of my work. I wanted to re-evaluate our program and slow it down, but it was too little too late. Business leaders were involved now. They saw dollar signs. They wanted to expand and speed-up the program, not slow it down.
I decided to quit in 2013. It was painful to leave behind the major part of my adult life.
The true scope of my errors became obvious to me only after I had relocated to a small farm in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest.
By this time Simplot had announced the regulatory approval of my GMO varieties. As the company began to plan for quiet introductions in American and Asian markets, I was breeding plants and animals independently, using conventional methods.
And since I still felt uncomfortable about my corporate past, I also re-evaluated the about two hundred patents and articles that I had published in the past, as well as the various petitions for deregulation.
Not so much biased anymore, I easily identified major mistakes.
"With the mistake your life goes in reverse.
Now you can see exactly what you did
Wrong yesterday and wrong the day before
And each mistake leads back to something worse."
(James Fenton)
For instance, we had silenced three of potato's most conserved genes, assuming that the three genetic changes would each have one effect only. It was a ludicrous assumption because all gene functions are interconnected.
Each change had indeed caused a ripple effect. It should have been clear to me that silencing the 'melanin gene' PPO would have numerous effects, including an impairment of potatoes' natural stress-tolerance response.
Similarly, asparagine and glucose are among the most basic compounds of a plant, so why did I believe I could silence the ASN and INV genes involved in the formation of these compounds? And why did nobody question me?
Another strange assumption was that I had felt able to predict the absence of unintentional long-term effects on the basis of short-term experiments. It was the same assumption that chemists had used when they commercialized DDT, Agent Orange, PCBs, rGBH, and so on.
The GMO varieties I created are currently released under innocuous names, such as Innate, Hibernate, and White Russet. They are described as better and easier-to-use than normal potatoes and to contain fewer bruises, but the reality is different.
The GMO potatoes are likely to accumulate at least two toxins that are absent in normal potatoes, and newer versions (Innate 2.0) additionally lost their sensory qualities when fried. Furthermore, the GMO potatoes contain at least as many bruises as normal potatoes, but these undesirable bruises are now concealed.
There are many more issues, and some of them could have been identified earlier if they had not been covered-up by misleading statistics in the petitions for deregulation.
How could I have missed the issues? How could I have trusted the statisticians? How could the USDA have trusted them? My re-evaluation of the data clearly shows that the GMO varieties are seriously compromised in their yield potential and in their ability to produce normal tubers.
Unfortunately, most GMO potatoes end-up as unlabeled foods that are indistinguishable from normal foods. Consumer groups would have to carry out PCR tests to determine if certain products, including fries and chips, contain or lack the GMO material.
Given the nature of the potato industry, the most common potato varieties, such as Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, will soon be contaminated with GMO stock.
I have now summarized the new conclusions of this past work (without disclosing company secrets—I am bound by confidentiality agreements) in a book, entitled 'Pandora's Potatoes.'
This book, which is now available on Amazon, explains why I renounce my work at Simplot and why the GMO varieties should be withdrawn from the market. It is a warning and a call for action: a hope that others will step forward with additional evidence, so that the public, with its limited financial means, has a chance to counter the narrow-mindedness of the biotech industry.
My book describes the many hidden issues of GMO potatoes, but GMO potatoes are not the exception: They are the rule.
I could just as well have written (and may write) about the experimental GMO varieties we developed at Monsanto, which contains an anti-fungal protein that I now recognize as allergenic, about the disease resistance that caused insect sensitivity, or about anything else in genetic engineering.
On May 3rd 2018 the columnist Michael Gerson wrote in the Washington Post: "Anti-GMO is anti-science." His statement was echoed by Mitch Daniels, his colleague, who added, "[It] isn't just anti-science. It's immoral."
But these two columnists are not scientists. They don't understand the level of bias and self-deception that exists among genetic engineers. Indeed, anyone who is pro-science should understand that science is meant to study nature, not to modify it—and certainly not to predict, in the face of strong evidence, the absence of unintended effects.
The real anti-science movement is not on the streets. It is, as I discovered, in the laboratories of corporate America.
Posted with permission from Independent Science News.
Tags: adonis49, Caius Rommens, Genetic Engineered crop, J.R. Simplot, James Fenton, Michael Gerson, Pandora's Potatoes, pathogens
"Disobedience is man's original virtue…" and Non-cooperative movements of Gandhi…
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 25, 2013
In: biographies/books | Book Review | cities/geography | Essays | Events/Cultural/Educational/Arts | political Artical | social articles
"Disobedience is man's original virtue…"
In "The soul of man under socialism", Oscar Wild wrote:
"Disobedience, in the eyes of anyone who has read history, is man's original virtue. It is through disobedience that progress has been made, and through rebellion…"
In "On the concept of history", Walter Benjamin wrote:
"There is no document of civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism…"
James Fenton in "Blood and Lead"
"Listen to what they did.
Don't listen to what they said.
What was written in blood
Has been set up in lead"
In "The recollection of Alexis de Tocqueville 1896"
"In a revolution, as in a novel, the most difficult part to invent is the End"
W.H Auden in "Epitaph on a Tyrant"
"Perfection, of a kind, is what he was after,
And the poetry he invented was easy to understand
He knew human folly like the back of his hand,
And was greatly interested in armies and fleets.
When he laughed, respected senators burst with laughter,
And when he cried, the little children died in the streets."
In "Sonnets from China II", Auden wrote: "They wept and quarreled: Freedom was so wild"
Mustafa Abdel Jalil (Libya interim president) said in September 2011:
"I hope the revolution will not stumble by retribution, taking matters into your hands and oppression…"
Late Vaclav Havel (President of Austria) said:
"Decent people cannot sit back and watch systematic, state-directed massacres. Decent people cannot fail to come to the rescue when within their power…"
Joseph Joubert wrote: "Love and Fear. Everything the father of a family says must inspire one or the other"
Joseph Stalin (Absolute dictator of the Soviet Union) said:
"Death is the solution to all problems. No man, no problem"
Omar Mukhtar (Libya resistance fighter leader to Italian occupation during Mussolini) said:
"We win or we die." Finally, he surrendered and was taken to Rome in chains
Muammar Qadhafi wrote in his "Green Book":
"There are inevitable cycles of social history:
1. The Yellow Race's dominion of the world in Asia
2. The White Race's attempt at colonizing extensive areas in all continents
3. Now it is the turn of the Black race to prevail in the world…"
One of the first steps to disobedience is to wean yourself out of rituals and ceremonies. Start to question the rationale and historical meaning and purposes of the rituals you are submitting to.
Civil disobedience is not an easy resolution to get engaged in: Law and Order institutions have to be revisited and reflected upon their validity in the pursuit of happiness, freedom of expression, human rights, and availability of opportunities to all regardless of race, genders, religious belief, and financial status.
Gandhi has developed the guidelines for non-cooperative movements against governments that broke their oaths and pledges to serving the people and are exercising cruelty, exploitation and oppression.
The program of non-cooperation is of 4 steps, each step is meant to reach a higher level of disobedience to the authority.
The first responsibility is to exposing, precisely, the project to the population at large through meetings and focused communication.
The next step is to convince the public servants to voluntarily abandon their titled positions and charges with the government and encouraging the lawyers and judges to stop serving the government. No pressures should be exercised on the functionaries, especially if the movement is unable to provide for the bread winners. The private employees are excluded from the requirements of abandoning their services.
The third step would ask the army and security officers and soldiers to retreat from their duties.
The last step would amount to refusing paying taxes to the government.
In order to shorten the period of resistance with a successful outcome, the organization of the non-cooperative movement should cater to the weakest members in social status or economic needs. The members of the movement should:
1. stop taking loans from government funds;
2. conflicts among the members must be resolved through private arbitrage because lawyers should suspend the exercise of their official profession toward the government.
3. The members should start boycotting public schools; (in this request, I would include boycotting private schools so that no discrimination in economic status should be established).
4. The members should not attend any government reunions and meetings and ceremonies; they should refuse accepting any civil or military post.
5. In case of being under occupation, the members should rely solely on local and national products and manufactures "swadeshi" and thus,boycotting imported consumer's products from the colonial powers.
For more details on non-violent-resistance-guidelines: https://adonis49.wordpress.com/2008/10/03/gandhis-non-violent-resistance-guidelines/
Note 1: Quotes taken from "Sandstorm (El Ghibli): Libya in the time of revolution" by Lindsey Hitsum
Note 2: Listen to Matt Damon on "Civil obedience is the problem" Howard Zinn
You Think You Know Someone, and Then He Gets on a Stage and Blows Your Mind
represent.us
Tags: "Blood and Lead", "Epitaph on a Tyrant", adonis49, Alexis de Tocqueville, civil disobedience, Disobedience is man's original virtue, document of barbarism, Gandhi, James Fenton, Joseph Joubert, Joseph Stalin, Law and Order institutions, Libya, Lindsey Hitsum, Matt Damon, Muammar Qadhafi, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, non-cooperative movements, non-violent-resistance-guidelines, Omar Mukhtar, On concept of history Walter Benjamin, Oscar Wild, Sandstorm (El Ghibli): Libya in the time of revolution", The soul of man under socialism, Vaclav Havel, W.H Auden, Walter Benjamin


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Fire in Hebertville: the identity of the victims unveiled
Alan Carter | April 23, 2019 | News | No Comments
The identity of the two people who died in the fire of a Hébertville residence in Lac-Saint-Jean on April 11 was unveiled on Tuesday morning by the Surete du Quebec. They are the occupant of the residence, Francois Pelletier, 60 years old, and Sabin Duchesne, 55 years old.
The causes and circumstances of the event are still under investigation.
Recall that the bodies of the two men were found in the rubble of a residence of Caron rank that caught fire early in the morning on April 11. The building was completely burned when firefighters arrived from Métabetchouan-Lac-à-La-Croix, Hébertville, Saint-Gédéon and Desbiens. The firefighters' work was complicated by the lack of a nearby fire hydrant, the insulation of the sawdust building and the fact that the residence was surrounded by trees.
Possible closure of the Fortierville emergency: a lot of concern
Future LNG plant: Crevier launches an idea
The level of the Magog River on the rise
Room for cleaning up in Beauce
Alan Carter
Alan Carter has been a reporter on the news desk since 2015. Before that she wrote about young adolescents and family dynamics for Styles and was the legal affairs correspondent for the Metro desk. Before joining The Koz Post, Alan Carter worked as a staff writer at the Village Voice and a freelancer for Newsday, The Wall Street Journal, GQ and Mirabella.
Party discount for Rachel Pageau
Luneau chooses the NCAA
Volleyball: A taste of Division 1
Saguenay Cycling Grand Prix: a spicy journey for 2019
GDPL: Elliott Doyle will act as super framer
Environmental assessments: the federal bill can only "worsen the situation"
© 2019 The Koz Post.


Jon Bunge is managing partner of the Chicago office. Jon has had considerable trial and other litigation experience. He has tried 45 jury and bench trials as well as numerous domestic and international arbitrations. He has been the first chair litigator in the majority of these trials, many of which have lasted for weeks or months in duration. He has tried cases in many areas, including commercial disputes, products cases, environmental matters, white collar criminal matters, and securities and financial disputes. He is a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers. The American Lawyer and other publications have repeatedly described him as "one of Chicago's top trial lawyers." He has tried cases in federal courts and state courts across the country for clients such as McDonald's, IBM and others. He has been listed since 2006 as an "Illinois Super Lawyer" in the field of litigation; in The Best Lawyers in America since 2008; and in other similar publications.
A former federal prosecutor, Jon also defends clients in government regulatory and criminal investigations and has particular experience in matters involving both private and governmental entities such as False Claims Act litigation. He has conducted many internal investigations at Fortune 100 and smaller corporations. He has taught courses at the University of Chicago Law School on Corporate Crimes & Investigations and Federal Criminal Law. Jon worked at the United States Attorneys' Office in Chicago for almost nine years before entering private practice. He was Deputy Chief for the General Crimes Division and the lead prosecutor in a series of high-profile cases: the prosecution of the Ford Heights, Illinois Chief of Police and six other police officers on corruption and racketeering charges; various cases arising out of the Silver Shovel investigation into political corruption in City and State government; a terrorism case involving the efforts of a Puerto Rican independence group to bomb a military recruiting center; the prosecution of a large Chicago street-gang that attempted to purchase military weapons for the purpose of attacking a Chicago police station; and a series of fraud prosecutions involving securities and other types of businesses. At the Department of Justice, he received the Department of Justice's Director's Award for Superior Performance as an Assistant United States Attorney and four Department of Justice Special Achievement Awards. He has represented clients in matters adverse to many state Attorney Generals' Offices. While in private practice, the State of Illinois appointed him a Special Assistant Attorney General to help the Illinois Attorney General's office organize a Public Integrity Unit.
Jon is a former United States Supreme Court Law Clerk and has handled numerous appeals. He has argued over 20 appellate cases in various federal and state appellate courts, including for example four appellate arguments on civil matters before the California appellate courts. He has been successful in the vast majority of these appeals.
Defeated class claims against large consumer products company based on consumer fraud and related statutes.
Defeated numerous class claims against large restaurant chain based on consumer fraud and other laws.
Represented McDonald's in litigation of claims brought by franchisees for San Francisco and Northern California regions. Tried three trials in connection with matters and received favorable outcome for client.
Represented Apollo Corporation in False Claims Act litigation filed in Sacramento, California. Obtained dismissal of case following depositions of Relators and other discovery. Matter currently on appeal.
Trial counsel for IBM in suit brought by State of Indiana. State's claims for $1.3 billion in damages rejected and ruling for IBM on its counterclaims. Matter currently on appeal.
Represented BDO Seidman in action brought before AAA. Claimants sought over $100 million in damages. Following multi-week trial, Claimants' claims rejected in their entirety.
Represented PwC in suit where Harris Bank alleged negligence based on audit of California technology company. Case settled on a favorable basis for client on eve of trial.
Represented International Truck and Engine Corporation in suit alleging hundreds of millions of dollars in damages based on engine development program. Argued summary judgment motion and case settled on a favorable basis for client, while summary judgment motion pending.
Defended Ernst & Young in suit brought by former audit client alleging accounting malpractice and related claims based on client's report of a $131 million loss. Following six-week trial, claims against Ernst & Young rejected in their entirety and opponent ordered to pay Ernst & Young's fees and costs.
Represented McDonald's in federal suits stemming from issues in Brazil. Cases dismissed following series of motion to dismiss hearings.
Trial counsel for McDonald's in purported nationwide class action based on drop in share price. Following successive motions to dismiss, obtained dismissal of suit. Represented McDonald's on appeal to U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Plaintiffs dismissed appeal following filing of McDonald's appellate brief.
Represented PricewaterhouseCoopers in connection with regulatory actions arising out of demise of trust company known as Intrust and fraud committed by the directors of the trust company. Among other things, supervised briefing and argued three separate summary judgment motions in which PwC as state receiver obtained separate judgments, each of which exceeded $68 million. Defended judgments on appeal in Illinois Appellate Court.
Represented PwC in suit based on work performed for American Remanufacturers, Inc.; supervised briefing and argued motions to dismiss, which ultimately resulted in dismissal of claims.
Retained following trial as appellate counsel for McDonald's in appeal of $16.5 million judgment received against McDonald's in dispute with former franchisee. Argued appeal and obtained dismissal of $10 million in punitive damages and reversal of judgment from California Appellate Court. Represented McDonald's on remand and reached favorable settlement prior to trial.
Trial counsel for McDonald's Corporation in series of preliminary injunction hearings as well as underlying franchise disputes with entities holding twenty McDonald's franchises in Georgia and Florida. Reached confidential settlement during course of preliminary injunction hearings.
Represented Colgate-Palmolive in an arbitration hearing before the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (Paris, France). Case governed by Swiss law and involved commercial dispute with Turkish joint venture. Judgment for Colgate and award of $13.5 million.
Trial counsel in contested hearings resulting in Conseco Corporation's sale of Conseco Finance Corporation for over $1 billion, reportedly (at the time) the largest approved asset sale in U.S. bankruptcy history.
Briefed and argued General Motors' successful motions to dismiss the first purported nationwide class action suit based on General Motors' announcement that its Oldsmobile Division would eventually be eliminated.
Trial counsel in contested hearings that resulted in $1.5 billion restructuring of medical supplies company.
Trial counsel for TWA in contested hearings where TWA successfully rejected onerous ticket contract with Carl Icahn.
Served as trial counsel for the Cloud Corporation in trial against Hasbro under the Uniform Commercial Code in Federal District Court and then represented Cloud on appeal. Judgment for Cloud.
Appointed Special Assistant Attorney General to help the Illinois Attorney General's office organize a Public Integrity Unit.
Recipient of numerous awards as a federal prosecutor, including the Department of Justice's Director's Award for Superior Performance as an Assistant United States Attorney and four Department of Justice Special Achievement Awards.


You are here: Home / Most Recent / Help your child's school (or any participating school) for free with Box Tops for Education!
Help your child's school (or any participating school) for free with Box Tops for Education!
When my daughter was in elementary school, they had a program that I was in love with. Box Tops for Education is such a simple way to help your child's school or any school that participates. You may have noticed the little box tops on a variety of products (SO many, in fact). You simply cut them out and save them up. You can either send them in to your child's school or help another school. It couldn't be easier!
You can also earn Box Tops online! You can sign up below and designate a school of your choice and all of your online Box Tops earnings. How cool is that? Simply click the picture below and you will be helping schools to earn money they so desperately need.
Even if you don't have children in school, just cut them out and give them to a somebody who does. By just throwing away box tops, you are really just throwing away money.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Recently, there have been very interesting progresses on the
world-volume theory of multiple M2-branes in M-theory. Since we
expect that this theory is dual to $AdS_4\times S^7$ in the
decoupling limit, it should be described by a three dimensional
${\cal N}=8$ superconformal theory. The superconformal Chern-Simons
theories have been constructed in \cite{Sc,GaYi,GaWi}, though they
are less supersymmetric. Bagger, Lambert and Gustavsson constructed
the three dimensional ${\cal N}=8$ supersymmetric theory based on
the Lie 3-algebra structure \cite{BaLa,Gu}. For subsequent
developments refer to \cite{MuA}-\cite{Blau}. If we assume the
positive metric of the Lie 3-algebra, the algebra constraints the
Lagrangian strongly \cite{LiA,LiB,LiC,LiD}. This only allows us to
construct a ${\cal N}=8$ supersymmetric theory which is dual to two
M2-branes.  If we allow the non-degenerate metric, we can find
${\cal N}=8$ supersymmetric theories where we can take the number of
branes $N$ arbitrary large \cite{DEA,DEB,DEC,DED,DEE,DEF,DEG}.
However, this theory can be reduced to the well-known ${\cal N}=8$
super Yang-Mills theory on $N$ $D2$-branes.

Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena have constructed very
interesting ${\cal N}=6$ $U(N)\times U(N)$ Chern-Simons theories
(ABJM theory) and proposed that they are dual to the world-volume
theory of $N$ M2-branes for the arbitrary number of $N$ \cite{ABJM}
(see also \cite{Kl,Mi} for further study). This theory is
parameterized by the level $k$ of the Chern-Simons gauge theory. The
ABJM theory with level $k$ and the gauge group $U(N)\times U(N)$ is
argued to describe the world-volume theory of M2-branes on the
orbifold $C^4/Z_k$. When the gauge group is $SU(2)\times SU(2)$,
this theory becomes equivalent to the BLG theory \cite{BaLa,Gu}.

In the paper \cite{ABJM}, it was also pointed out that the ABJM
theory at large $k$ is dual to the type IIA string on $AdS_4\times
CP^3$. This offers us to study a new $AdS_4/CFT_3$ duality where
both $AdS$ and $CFT$ side are tractable with the present knowledge
of string theory. The CFT side is defined by a 't Hooft limit
$N\to\infty$ of ABJM theory with $\frac{N}{k}$ kept finite.

As a next step, it will be very intriguing to check this proposed
duality from both the IIA string theory and the Chern-Simons gauge
theory side. In this paper we would like to report a modest progress
in this direction. Namely, we would like to consider the Penrose
limit of the type IIA background because in this limit the string
theory becomes solvable even in the presence of $\alpha'$ corrections
and RR-fluxes. It has been well-known that the Penrose limit of type
IIB string on $AdS_5\times S^5$ successfully reproduces the results
of BMN operators in the ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory
\cite{BMN}.

We will show that the Penrose limit of this IIA string background
becomes the plane wave background with 24 supersymmetries studied in
\cite{pp} after an appropriate coordinate transformation. We
find\footnote{The same plane-wave also appears in the study of the
gravity dual of a 2+1 super Yang-Mills with $SU(2|4)$ symmetry
\cite{LiMa}, where the string spectrum is compared with the
Yang-Mills operators.} the exact string spectrum and express the
results as the anomalous dimensions of operators in the ABJM theory.
We will also notice that in the ABJM theory, we can define a
BMN-like operator and we will compute its anomalous dimension to
leading order of the effective 't Hooft coupling.

We will also study the weak coupling limit $k\to \infty$ of the ABJM
theory. Since we can neglect the non-singlet flux contributions in
this limit, we can analyze the partition function of the ABJM theory
compactified on $S^1\times S^2$ analytically and show that the
deconfinement/confinement transition occurs at a specific
temperature as expected from the Hagedorn transition in the string
theory side.

This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we review and
analyze in the detail the reduction of $AdS_4\times S^7$ background
in M-theory to the type IIA string. We will also compute the
holographic entanglement entropy of the ABJM theory. In section 3,
we take the Penrose limit of the IIA background. We compute the
string spectrum and express the results from the gauge theoretic
viewpoint. In section 4, we define BMN-like operators in ABJM theory
and compute their anomalous dimensions. In section 5, we evaluate
the partition of free ABJM theory and confirm the Hagedorn
transition at a specific temperature. In section 6 we summarize our
conclusions.

After we finished this paper, we noticed a very interesting preprint
\cite{Mi} by Bhattacharya and Minwalla, where an agreement of the
supersymmetric index between the ${\cal N}=6$ Chern-Simons theory
and its dual supergravity was shown. The section 5 of our paper has
 some overlap with their calculations.

\section{M2-branes on $C^4/Z_k$ and Reduction to IIA String}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\subsection{M2-brane Solution}

We start with the 11 dimensional supergravity action \begin{equation}
S=\frac{1}{2\kappa_{11}^2}\int dx^{11}\sqrt{-g}\left(R-\frac{1}{2\cdot
4!}F_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}F^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\right)-\frac{1}{12\kappa_{11}^2}
\int C^{(3)}\wedge F^{(4)}\wedge F^{(4)}, \end{equation} where
$\kappa_{11}^2=2^7\pi^8 l_p^9$. The equations of motions read \begin{equation}
R^\mu_\nu=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3!}F^{\mu\alpha\beta\gamma}F_{\nu\alpha\beta\gamma}
-\frac{1}{3\cdot 4!}\delta^\mu_\nu
F_{\alpha\beta\rho\sigma}F^{\alpha\beta\rho\sigma}\right), \end{equation} and \begin{equation}
\partial_{\sigma}(\sqrt{-g}F^{\sigma\mu\nu\xi})=\frac{1}{2\cdot
(4!)^2}\epsilon^{\mu\nu\xi\alpha_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\alpha_8}F_{\alpha_1\cdot\cdot\cdot\alpha_4}F_{\alpha_5\cdot\cdot\cdot\alpha_8}.\end{equation}
Then the near horizon limit of M2-brane solution becomes
$AdS_4\times S^7$ \begin{equation} ds^2=\frac{R^2}{4}ds^2_{AdS_4}+R^2 d\Omega_7^2,
\end{equation} where the radius $R$ is given by $R=l_p(2^5 N'\pi^2)^{\frac{1}{6}}$
($N'$ is the number of the M2-branes). The four form flux is found
to be \begin{equation} F^{(4)}=\frac{3R^3}{8}\epsilon_{AdS_4}, \end{equation} where $\epsilon_{AdS_4}$ is
the unit volume form of the $AdS_4$ space. If we assume the Poincare
metric $ds^2_{AdS_4}=\frac{dr^2}{r^2}+r^2\sum_{\mu=0}^2 dx^\mu dx_\mu$,
we have $\epsilon_{AdS_4}=r^2$ or equally $F_{012r}=\frac{3R^3r^2}{8}$.

\subsection{The Reduction to IIA}

We take the $Z_k$ orbifold of $S^7$ and reduce the M-theory
background $AdS_4\times S^7/Z_{k}$ to the type IIA string background
following \cite{ABJM}. We can express $S^7$  by the complex
coordinate $X_1,X_2,X_3$ and $X_4$ with the constraint
$|X_1|^2+|X_2|^2+|X_3|^2+|X_4|^2=1$. We can parameterize $S^7$ by
\begin{eqnarray} X_1&=&\cos\xi~ \cos\frac{\theta_1}{2}~e^{i\frac{\chi_1+\varphi_1}{2}}, \nonumber \\
X_2&=&\cos\xi~ \sin\frac{\theta_1}{2}~e^{i\frac{\chi_1-\varphi_1}{2}}, \nonumber \\
X_3&=&\sin\xi~ \cos\frac{\theta_2}{2}~e^{i\frac{\chi_2+\varphi_2}{2}}, \nonumber \\
X_4&=&\sin\xi~ \sin\frac{\theta_2}{2}~e^{i\frac{\chi_2-\varphi_2}{2}},
\label{angles} \end{eqnarray} where the angular valuables run the values $0\leq
\xi <\frac{\pi}{2}$, $0\leq \chi_i <4\pi$, $0\leq \varphi_i \leq 2\pi$ and
$0\leq \theta_i<\pi$. Then the metric of $S^7$ can be written as \begin{eqnarray}
ds_{S^7}^2&=&d\xi^2+\frac{\cos^2\xi}{4}\left[(d\chi_1+\cos\theta_1d\varphi_1)^2+
d\theta_1^2+\sin^2\theta_1 d\varphi_1^2\right]\nonumber \\ & &\ \ \ +
\frac{\sin^2\xi}{4}\left[(d\chi_2+\cos\theta_2 d\varphi_2)^2+
d\theta_2^2+\sin^2\theta_2 d\varphi_2^2\right]. \end{eqnarray} Now we define new
coordinates \begin{equation} \chi_1=2y+\psi,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \chi_2=2y-\psi. \end{equation} The
$Z_k$ orbifold action is now given by $y\sim y+\frac{2\pi}{k}$. Then
the metric of $S^7$ can be rewritten as follows \begin{equation}
ds_{S^7}^2=ds^2_{CP^3}+(dy+A)^2, \end{equation} where \begin{eqnarray}
A&=&\frac{1}{2}(\cos^2\xi-\sin^2\xi)d\psi +\frac{1}{2}\cos^2\xi
\cos\theta_1 d\varphi_1+ \frac{1}{2}\sin^2\xi \cos\theta_2 d\varphi_2, \end{eqnarray} and
\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2_{CP^3}&=&d\xi^2+\cos\xi^2\sin^2\xi\left(d\psi+\frac{\cos\theta_1}{2}d\varphi_1-
\frac{\cos\theta_2}{2}d\varphi_2\right)^2 \nonumber \\ &&
+\frac{1}{4}\cos^2\xi\left(d\theta_1^2+\sin^2\theta_1
d\varphi_1^2\right)+\frac{1}{4}\sin^2\xi(d\theta_2^2+\sin^2\theta_2
d\varphi_2^2). \label{cp} \end{eqnarray} This expression (\ref{cp}) of $CP^3$ can
be found in e.g.  \cite{CLP}.

By comparing the above result with the conventional reduction
formula (below we always work with the string frame metric setting
$\alpha'=1$) \begin{equation}
ds^2_{11D}=e^{-2\phi/3}ds^2_{IIA}+e^{\frac{4}{3}\phi}(d\tilde{y}+\tilde{A})^2,
\end{equation} where $\tilde{y}$ is compactified as $\tilde{y}\sim \tilde{y}+2\pi$.
Since we are taking the $Z_k$ orbifold, we identify $\tilde{y}=ky$,
which leads to the value of dilaton \begin{equation} e^{2\phi}=\frac{R^3}{k^3}=
2^{\frac{5}{2}}\pi \sqrt{\frac{N}{k^5}}. \end{equation} The RR 2-form $F^{(2)}=d\tilde{A}$
in the type IIA string is explicitly given by \begin{eqnarray} F^{(2)}&=&
k\Bigl(-\cos\xi\sin\xi d\xi \wedge
(2d\psi+\cos\theta_1d\varphi_1-\cos\theta_2 d\varphi_2)\nonumber \\ &&
-\frac{1}{2}\cos^2\xi\sin\theta_1 d\theta_1\wedge d\varphi_1
-\frac{1}{2}\sin^2\xi\sin\theta_2 d\theta_2 \wedge d\varphi_2\Bigr), \end{eqnarray} while
the RR 4-form remains the same \begin{equation} F^{(4)}=\frac{3R^3}{8}\epsilon_{AdS_4}.
\end{equation} The string frame metric now becomes \begin{equation}
ds_{IIA}^2=\tilde{R}^2(ds_{AdS4}^2+4ds_{CP3}^2), \end{equation} where
$\tilde{R}^2=\frac{R^3}{4k}=\pi\sqrt{\frac{2N}{k}}$. In this way we obtain the
$AdS_4\times CP^3$ IIA background \cite{ABJM,NPW}. This background
preserves the 24 supersymmetries including the near horizon
enhancement as it is dual to three dimensional ${\cal N}=6$
superconformal symmetry.

\subsection{Holographic Entanglement Entropy}

To measure the degrees of freedom in a given conformal field theory,
a useful quantity is known as the entanglement entropy $S_A$ in
addition to the ordinary thermodynamical entropy. We expect that it
becomes more important in $CFT_3$ since in odd dimensions we do not
have a precise definition of the central charges. We trace out the
subsystem $A$ which is defined by an infinite strip with the width
$l$. Then the holographic area law formula in \cite{RT} leads to the
following result\footnote{Here we employed the explicit value
Vol$(CP^3)=\frac{\pi^2}{12}$ of the volume of $CP^3$ in the coordinate
(\ref{cp}).} from the analysis of minimal surfaces in the Poincare
$AdS_4$ \begin{equation} S_A=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6\pi}N^2\sqrt{\frac{k}{N}}\left(\frac{L}{a}
-2\pi\frac{\Gamma(3/4)^2}{\Gamma(1/4)^2}\cdot\frac{L}{l}\right), \end{equation} where
$L$ represents the infinitely large length of the strip and $a$
denotes the ultraviolet cutoff (or the lattice spacing). Since $S_A$
is proportional to $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\lambda}}$ in addition to the leading
factor $N^2$ in the planar limit, we cannot explain this result from
the free field theory approximation. Therefore we can say that this
system is a more interacting theory than the ${\cal N}=4$
Yang-Mills, where we can qualitatively reproduce the supergravity
result of $S_A$ from the free Yang-Mills \cite{RT}.

\section{Penrose Limit of Type IIA on $AdS_4\times CP^3$}
\setcounter{equation}{0} \subsection{Penrose Limit and Plane Wave
Solution} We would like to take the Penrose limit \cite{BMN} of type
IIA background $AdS_4\times CP^3$. We express the metric of $AdS_4$
by \begin{equation} ds^2=-\cosh^2\rho dt^2+d\rho^2+ \sinh\rho^2 d\Omega_2^2. \end{equation}
The metric of $CP^3$ is given by (\ref{cp}). We are focusing on the
null geodesic defined by \begin{equation} \rho=0,\ \ \ \theta_1=\theta_2=0,\ \ \
\xi=\frac{\pi}{4}.  \end{equation} We introduce a new angular coordinate \begin{equation}
\tilde{\psi}=\psi+\frac{\varphi_1-\varphi_2}{2}. \end{equation} The Penrose limit is defined
by the following coordinate transformation \begin{eqnarray}
\frac{t+\tilde{\psi}}{2}=x^+,\ \ \ \tilde{R}^2\frac{t-\tilde{\psi}}{2}=x^{-},\ \ \
\rho=\frac{r}{\tilde{R}},\ \ \ \theta_i=\frac{\sqrt{2}y_i}{\tilde{R}},\ \ \
\xi=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{y_3}{2\tilde{R}}, \end{eqnarray} setting $\tilde{R}$ to infinity
with $x^\pm,r,y_1,y_2$ and $y_3$ kept finite.

In the end we find the following metric in this limit
$\tilde{R}\to\infty$ \begin{eqnarray} ds^2_{IIA}&=&-4dx^+dx^-
-(r^2+y_3^2)(dx^+)^2+dx^+(-y_1^2d\varphi_1+y_2^2d\varphi_2)\nonumber \\ &&+
dr^2+r^2d\Omega_3^2+(dy_1^2+y_1^2d\varphi_1^2)+(dy_2^2+y_2^2d\varphi_2^2)
+dy_3^2. \end{eqnarray} At the same time, the RR fluxes becomes \begin{equation}
F_{+y_3}=\frac{k}{2\tilde{R}},\ \ \ \ F_{+r\Omega_2}=\frac{3k}{2\tilde{R}}r^2.
\end{equation} If we define \begin{equation} \tilde{\varphi}_1=\varphi_1 -\frac{x^+}{2},\ \ \
\tilde{\varphi}_2=\varphi_2 +\frac{x^+}{2}, \label{redefa} \end{equation} we can rewrite the
metric as \begin{eqnarray} ds^2_{IIA}&=&-4dx^+dx^-
-\left(r^2+y_3^2+\frac{y_1^2+y_2^2}{4}\right)(dx^+)^2 \nonumber \\ &&+
dr^2+r^2d\Omega_3^2+(dy_1^2+y_1^2d\tilde{\varphi_1}^2)+(dy_2^2+y_2^2d\tilde{\varphi}_2^2)
+dy_3^2, \label{plane} \end{eqnarray} which is a familiar form of the plane
wave.

If we introduce the Cartesian coordinate $(x_1,\cdot\cdot\cdot,x_8)$ in an
obvious way we get \begin{equation} ds^2=-4dx^+dx^- -\left(\sum_{i=1}^4
x_i^2+\frac{1}{4}\sum_{i=5}^8x_i^2\right)(dx^+)^2+\sum_{i=1}^8(dx^i)^2,
\end{equation} with \begin{equation} F_{+4}=\frac{k}{2\tilde{R}},\ \ \
F_{+123}=\frac{3}{2}\frac{k}{\tilde{R}}. \label{ppw}\end{equation} Since the dilaton is
expressed as $e^{\phi}=\frac{2\tilde{R}}{k}$, we can rewrite the values of
RR-fluxes as $e^{\phi}F_{+4}=1$ and $e^{\phi}F_{+123}=3$, which will
be useful later.

This plane-wave background (\ref{ppw}) in IIA string has been known
in the literature \cite{pp} and has been shown to have 24
supersymmetries as we expect.

\subsection{Gauge Theory Interpretation}

It is argued that the type IIA on $AdS_4\times CP^3$ is dual to the
't Hooft limit of ${\cal N}=6$ superconformal Chern-Simons theory
with the level $(k,-k)$ and the gauge group $U(N)\times U(N)$ in
\cite{ABJM}. Since the gauge theory coupling in Chern-Simons
theories is proportional to $\frac{1}{k}$, the 't Hooft coupling is
identified with $\lambda=\frac{N}{k}$. Thus the 't Hooft limit is
defined as the large $N$ limit with $\lambda=\frac{N}{k}$ kept finite.
It is natural to expect that our Penrose limit should correspond to
a certain limit of this gauge theory.

The ABJM theory consists of the Chern-Simons  $U(N)\times U(N)$
gauge potentials at level $(k,-k)$ coupled to the four chiral
superfields $A_1,A_2,B_1$ and $B_2$, whose structure is very
similar\footnote{ The Penrose limit of the Klebanov-Witten theory
$AdS_5\times T^{1,1}$ has been studied in \cite{PPO}.} to the
Klebanov-Witten theory \cite{KW}. The fields
$(A_1,A_2,\bar{B}_1,\bar{B}_2)$ belong to the $({\bf{N}},{\bf
\bar{N}})$ representation under the $U(N)\times U(N)$ gauge group
and they transform as the fundamental representation under the
$SU(4)$ R-symmetry of this ${\cal N}=6$ Chern-Simons theory.

First we relate the transverse scalars in the directions of
$(X^1,X^2,X^3,X^4)$ in (\ref{angles}) with the scalar
fields\footnote{In this paper we also express the scalar field part
of the chiral superfield $A_i$ and $B_i$.}
$(A_1,A_2,\bar{B}_1,\bar{B}_2)$ in the ABJM theory, following the
$SU(4)$ R-symmetry. We denote the conformal dimension $\Delta$ and
define $U(1)$ parts of R-charges $J_1,J_2,J_3$ as follows (here we
still did not perform the shift $\varphi_i\to \tilde{\varphi_i}$ in
(\ref{redefa})) \begin{eqnarray} J_1&=&-i\frac{\partial}{\partial
\varphi_1}\Bigl|_{\tilde{\psi}}=-i\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi_1}
-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial}{\partial\psi}\right), \nonumber \\ J_2&=&-i\frac{\partial}{\partial
\varphi_2}\Bigl|_{\tilde{\psi}}=-i\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi_2}
+\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial}{\partial\psi}\right),\nonumber \\ J_3&=&-i\frac{\partial}{\partial \psi}. \end{eqnarray}
Notice that in the final forms of three R-charges we fixed
$\tilde{\psi},\varphi_1$ and $\varphi_2$ to be constant. Using the dependence
of the angles in (\ref{angles}) we find \begin{eqnarray} &&J_1(A_1)=\frac{1}{4},\ \
\ J_1(A_2)=-\frac{3}{4}, \ \ \ J_1(B_1)=-\frac{1}{4}, \ \ \
J_1(B_2)=-\frac{1}{4},\nonumber \\ && J_2(A_1)=\frac{1}{4},\ \ \ J_2(A_2)=\frac{1}{4},
\ \ \ \ \ J_2(B_1)=-\frac{1}{4}, \ \ \ J_2(B_2)=\frac{3}{4},\nonumber \\
&&J_3(A_1)=\frac{1}{2},\ \ \ J_3(A_2)=\frac{1}{2}, \ \ \ \ \
J_3(B_1)=\frac{1}{2}, \ \ \ \ \  J_3(B_2)=\frac{1}{2}.  \end{eqnarray}

Now we would like to relate the light-cone momenta $p^+$ and $p^-$
in the type IIA string to the gauge theoretic quantities assuming
the $AdS_4/CFT_3$ duality. To do this we need to rewrite the metric
in terms of $\tilde{\varphi}_i$ instead of $\varphi_i$ as in (\ref{plane}).  In
this process, we regard any derivative as the one with
$\tilde{\psi},\tilde{\varphi}_1$ and $\tilde{\varphi}_2$ fixed to be a constant. In
the end, we find \begin{equation} 2p^-=i\frac{\partial}{\partial x^+}=\Delta-J, \ \ \ \
2p^+=i\frac{\partial}{\partial x^-}=\frac{\Delta+J}{\tilde{R}^2}, \end{equation} where $J$ is
defined by \begin{equation} J=J_3+\frac{1}{2}J_1-\frac{1}{2}J_2. \end{equation} Explicitly, we get
\begin{equation} J(A_1)=\frac{1}{2},\ \ \ J(A_2)=0, \ \ \ J(B_1)=\frac{1}{2}, \ \ \
J(B_2)=0. \label{rch} \end{equation}

\subsection{World-Sheet Analysis}

First we analyze the bosonic sector. The world-sheet action in the
light-cone gauge $X^+=2p^+\tau$ looks like (notice $0\leq \sigma
\leq \pi$) \begin{eqnarray} S_{B}&=&\frac{1}{4\pi\alpha'}\int d\sigma d\tau \partial_a X^\mu
\partial_a X^\nu g_{\mu\nu}(X),\nonumber \\ &=& \frac{1}{4\pi\alpha'}\int d\sigma d\tau
\left[\sum_{i=1}^8\left((\partial_\tau X^i)^2-(\partial_\sigma
X^i)^2\right)-4(p^+)^2\sum_{i=1}^4 (X^i)^2 -(p^+)^2\sum_{i=5}^8
(X^i)^2\right]. \nonumber \\ \end{eqnarray}  Then we easily find that the spectrum is
given by (setting $\alpha'=1$) \begin{equation} 2p^-_{B}=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
N^{(1)}_n \sqrt{1+\frac{n^2}{(p^+)^2}}+ \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty N^{(2)}_n
\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{n^2}{(p^+)^2}}, \end{equation} where $N^{(1)}$ (and $N^{(2)}$)
denote the total occupation number of $n$-th string modes with
respect to the oscillators $\alpha^{1,2,3,4}_{n}$ (and
$\alpha^{5,6,7,8}_{n}$). We always need to impose the level matching
condition \begin{equation} \sum_{n= -\infty}^\infty n(N^{(1)}_n+N^{(2)}_n)=0. \end{equation}

Using the relation $p^+=\frac{\Delta+J}{2\tilde{R}^2}\simeq
\frac{J}{\tilde{R}^2}$, we can rewrite the above formula in term of the
gauge theory quantities \begin{equation} \Delta-J= \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
N^{(1)}_n \sqrt{1+\frac{2\pi^2 n^2}{J^2}\cdot\frac{N}{k}}+
\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty N^{(2)}_n \sqrt{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2\pi^2
n^2}{J^2}\cdot\frac{N}{k}}. \label{spec} \end{equation}

As in the BMN case \cite{BMN}, we expect that the insertion of the
string oscillators corresponds to that of the impurity operators in
Tr$(A_1B_1)^J$. Indeed, $A_1B_1$ and their powers are the unique
operators which satisfy\footnote{Here we neglect the contribution
from the operators with Wilson line attached \cite{ABJM} since we
are assuming $k$ is large.} $\Delta-J=0$, as is clear from
(\ref{rch}). Also notice that Tr$(A_1B_1)^J$ is the chiral primary
operator. By inspecting the $R$-charge of impurities we can easily
identify (assuming the zero mode $n=0$) the 4 oscillators
$\alpha^{5,6,7,8}_0$ with \begin{equation} A_1B_2,\ \ \ A_1\bar{A_2},\ \ \ A_2B_1,\
\ \ ,\bar{B_2}B_1. \label{osc} \end{equation} Indeed these four operators
satisfy $\Delta-J=\frac{1}{2}$. Therefore we argue that the oscillators
$(\alpha^{5}_0-i\alpha^{6}_0,\alpha^{5}_0+i\alpha^{6}_0,
\alpha^{7}_0-i\alpha^{8}_0,\alpha^{7}_0+i\alpha^{8}_0)$ are dual to the
replacement procedures \begin{equation} A_1\to A_2, \ \ B_1\to \bar{A}_2,\ \
A_1\to \bar{B}_2,\ \ B_1\to B_2. \end{equation} On the other hand, we expect
that the three oscillators $\alpha^{1,2,3}_{0}$ should be dual to the
covariant derivative $D_{\mu}$, where $\mu=0,1,2$. We still need to
identify one more. There are six other operators which satisfy
$\Delta-J=1$: \begin{equation} A_1\bar{A}_1,\ \ \ \bar{A}_2 \bar{B}_2,\ \ \
A_2\bar{A}_2,\ \ \ \bar{B}_1B_1,\ \ \ \bar{B}_2B_2,\ \ \
\bar{B}_2\bar{A}_2.\end{equation} Among them only $A_1\bar{A}_1$ and
$\bar{B}_2B_2$ are independent from the double excitations of the
previous operations in (\ref{osc}). Therefore, $\alpha^{4}_{0}$ is
expected to be dual to a linear combination of these operators.

Next we turn to the fermionic sector (we follow the convention in
\cite{Michelson:2002ps}). The fermion part in the light cone gauge
$\Gamma^+S=0$ in the Green-Schwartz formalism looks like \begin{equation}
S_{F}=\frac{1}{4\pi\alpha'}\int d\tau d\sigma \partial_a X^\mu
\bar{S}\Gamma_\mu(\delta^{ab}-\epsilon^{ab}\Gamma^{11})D_bS, \end{equation} where
$S$ is a ten dimensional Majorana spinor and the covariant
derivative $D_b$ is the pullback to the world-sheet of the
supercovariant derivative in IIA supergravity \begin{equation}
D_\mu\epsilon=\nabla_\mu\epsilon+\frac{e^{\phi}}{4}F_{\mu\nu}\Gamma^\nu\Gamma^{11}\epsilon
-\frac{e^\phi}{(4!)^2}(3F_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}\Gamma^{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}\Gamma_\mu
-F_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}\Gamma_\mu\Gamma^{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta})\epsilon.
\end{equation} Then the action is simplified up to a constant \begin{equation} S_{F}=\int
d\tau d\sigma\left[\bar{S}\Gamma_+(\partial_\tau+\Gamma^{11}\partial_\sigma)S
+\frac{p^+}{2}\bar{S}\Gamma_+
(\Gamma^4\Gamma^{11}+3\Gamma^{123})S\right]. \end{equation} The equation of
motion becomes \begin{equation} (\partial_\tau+\Gamma^{11}\partial_\sigma)S=-\frac{p^+}{2}
(\Gamma^4\Gamma^{11}+3\Gamma^{123})S. \end{equation} By multiplying
$\partial_\tau-\Gamma^{11}\partial_\sigma$ we obtain \begin{equation}
(\partial_\tau^2-\partial_\sigma^2)S=(2p^+)^2 \mu^2 S, \end{equation} where \begin{equation}
\mu^2\equiv
-\left(\frac{\Gamma^4\Gamma^{11}+3\Gamma^{123}}{4}\right)^2. \end{equation}

Since $16\mu^2=10-6\Gamma^{12341\!1}$, we can conclude that among
eight physical fermions, half of them have $\mu^2=1$, while other
half do $\mu^2=\frac{1}{4}$. This mass spectrum is exactly the same as
the bosonic one. Thus we find the fermion spectrum \begin{equation}
2p^-_{F}=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty N^{(1)}_n \sqrt{1+\frac{n^2}{(p^+)^2}}+
\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty N^{(2)}_n \sqrt{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{n^2}{(p^+)^2}}, \end{equation}
and the values of $\Delta-J$ for fermions are given by the same
formula (\ref{spec}). Among totally sixteen fermions in the dual
gauge theory, four fermions satisfy $\Delta-J=\frac{1}{2}$ and other
four fermions do $\Delta-J=\frac{3}{2}$, while the rest eight fermions
have $\Delta-J=1$. Therefore we find that the string spectrum is
consistent with this gauge theory fermionic operators at least for
the zero modes.

In this way have shown a nice matching between the zero modes of the
IIA string theory in the Penrose limit and the gauge theory
operators. This is of course expected since the operators dual to
zero modes (or KK modes) are protected under the change of the
coupling constant.

\section{BMN like Operators}
\setcounter{equation}{0} Motivated by the analysis of Penrose limit
in the previous section we would like to examine non-BPS operators
in the ABJM theory. Especially, we are interested in the BMN-like
operators\footnote{The existence of the spin chain like structure
was already suggested in \cite{GaYi,ABJM}.} (almost BPS operators).
Indeed it is not difficult to find analogous operators (refer also
to \cite{GaYi} for similar operators in less supersymmetric
Chern-Simons theory.).

We would like to concentrate on the following operators assuming $J$
is very large \begin{equation} {{\cal O}_n}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2J}}\sum_{l=0}^J e^{2\pi
i\frac{ln}{J}}\mbox{Tr}[(A_1B_1)^{l}A_1B_2 (A_1B_1)^{J-l}(A_1B_2)]. \end{equation}
Notice that ${\cal O}_0$ is chiral primary since the index $i$ and
$j$ of $A_i$ and $B_j$ are both symmetrized independently. We can
treat the impurity of the form $A_2B_1$ exactly in the same way.

\subsection{Anomalous Dimension}

 We would like to compute two point functions of these operators
 and obtain the anomalous
dimensions to leading order. Since we know that the operator ${\cal
O}_0$ is chiral primary and its anomalous dimension is vanishing, we
have only to consider the Feynman diagrams whose results depend on
$n$. Then the relevant part of the Lagrangian looks like (we follow
the convention in \cite{ABJM}) \begin{equation} {\cal
L}=\sum_{i=1}^2\left(\partial_\mu A^i \partial^\mu \bar{A}^i +\partial_\mu B^i
\partial^\mu \bar{B}^i\right)
+\frac{16\pi^2}{k^2}\mbox{Tr}[B_2A_1B_1\bar{B}_2\bar{A}_1\bar{B_1}]
+\frac{16\pi^2}{k^2}\mbox{Tr}[B_1A_1B_2\bar{B}_1\bar{A}_1\bar{B_2}].\label{lag}
\end{equation} Then the propagator is normalized as follows \begin{equation} \langle
A^i_{a\bar{b}}(x)\bar{A}^j_{\bar{c}d}(0)\rangle=\langle
B^i_{\bar{b}a}(x)\bar{B}^j_{d\bar{c}}(0)\rangle=\frac{\delta_{ij}\delta_{d
a}\delta_{\bar{c}\bar{b}}}{4\pi|x|},\end{equation} where we neglect any
interactions which do not affect our leading computation of the
anomalous dimension.

Since the two interactions in (\ref{lag}) exchange $B_2$ with the
two nearest $B_1$s, respectively, they produce the phase factors
$e^{\pm 2\pi i\frac{n}{J}}$, which is very similar to the BMN analysis
\cite{BMN}. Also notice that the insertion of either of these
interactions adds two loops in the fat diagram and leads to $N^2$
factor. Therefore we obtain \begin{equation} \langle  {{\cal O}_n}(x){\overline{{\cal
O}}_n}(0)\rangle =\frac{{\cal N}}{|x|^{2(J+2)}}
\left(1+\frac{1}{(4\pi)^3}\cdot \frac{32\pi^2 N^2}{k^2}(\cos\frac{2\pi
n}{J}-1)\cdot I(x)\right), \end{equation} where $I(x)=|x|^3\int
\frac{dy^3}{|y|^3|x-y|^3}$ and ${\cal N}$ is a normalization factor.
Since $I(x)\sim 8\pi \log x\Lambda$ ($\Lambda$ is the cutoff), we
can conclude that the leading anomalous dimension $\delta^{CS}_n$ of
${\cal O}_n$ is given by \begin{equation}
\delta^{CS}_n=4\pi^2\frac{N^2n^2}{k^2J^2}+\cdot\cdot\cdot, \label{ano} \end{equation} where
$\cdot\cdot\cdot$ denotes the higher order terms with respect to $\frac{N}{kJ}$.

It is also useful to remember that in the original analysis of BMN
operators there are two different coupling constants: one is the
rescaled 't Hooft coupling $\frac{\lambda}{J^2}$ and the other is the
effective string coupling $\frac{J^2}{N}$ \cite{Sca}. The latter
appears when we consider the non-planar diagrams, which we neglected
in the above. In our Chern-Simons gauge theory, we can see that the
non-planar corrections come with the same factor $\frac{J^2}{N}$. Since
in our argument which derives (\ref{ano}), we keep the rescaled 't
Hooft coupling $\frac{N}{kJ}$ a small value, the non-planar correction
is negligible if $N\ll k^2$.

\subsection{Comparison with IIA Plane Wave}

One may naively guess that the Penrose limit of the IIA string
studied in section 3 corresponds to the BMN-like limit assumed in
the previous subsection \begin{equation} \frac{N}{kJ}=\mbox{finite},\ \ \ \ N \ll
k^2, \end{equation} as the analogous relation was true in the celebrated
duality between $AdS_5\times S^5$ and the four dimensional $N=4$
Yang-Mills theory \cite{BMN}. However, this does not seem to be the
case here, even though about the chiral primary operators there is a
nice matching between them as we have seen in the previous section.
In fact, the anomalous dimension found in the Penrose limit reads
(see (\ref{spec})) \begin{equation} \delta^{IIA}_n= \frac{2\pi^2Nn^2}{kJ^2}+\cdot\cdot\cdot,
\label{anoii} \end{equation} for the impurities of $A_1B_2$ and $A_2B_1$. This
is different from the result (\ref{ano}) obtained from the IIA
string spectrum on the plane wave by the factor $\frac{2N}{k}$. In this
string theoretic calculation in the Penrose limit, we need to keep
the string coupling $e^{2\phi}$ small and $p^+$ finite, which
requires \begin{equation} \frac{1}{(p^+)^2}\sim \frac{N}{kJ^2}=\mbox{finite},\ \ \
e^{2\phi}\sim \sqrt{\frac{N}{k^5}}\ll 1. \label{peny} \end{equation}

We would like to argue that the disagreement between the leading
anomalous dimensions (\ref{ano}) and (\ref{anoii}) is not a
contradiction but is due to the violation of the BMN scaling (a
similar phenomenon in other type IIA backgrounds has been pointed
out in \cite{LiMa}). Notice that the violation of BMN scaling in
this sort of computations (i.e. near BPS states to the leading order
of the large $J$ limit) does not occur in the $AdS_5/CFT_4$ duality
of the ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory.

In other words, we expect that the anomalous dimension of ${{\cal
O}_n}$ in the large $J$ limit of the ABJM theory is given by \begin{equation}
\delta_n=f(\lambda)\frac{n^2}{J^2}+\cdot\cdot\cdot, \end{equation} in terms of a certain
function $f(\lambda)$ of $\lambda=\frac{N}{k}$. Our results (\ref{ano})
and (\ref{anoii}) predict the following behaviors\footnote{It is not
difficult to find functions with these properties. Indeed, we can
consider functions like $f(\lambda)=4\pi^2\frac{\lambda^2}{1+2\lambda}$
or $f(\lambda)=4\pi^2\frac{\lambda^2}{\sqrt{1+4\lambda^2}}$, for example.}
\begin{equation} f(\lambda)\to 2\pi^2\lambda\ \ \ (\lambda\to \infty),\ \ \ \
\mbox{and} \ \ \ \ f(\lambda)\to 4\pi^2\lambda^2 \ \ \ (\lambda\to
0). \end{equation}  It will be very interesting to compute the function
$f(\lambda)$ exactly from the Chern-Simons theory.

\section{Free ${\cal N}=6$ Chern-Simons Theory on $S^1\times S^2$}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Obviously, another limit which we can take to make a given theory
simpler and more tractable is the weak coupling limit. We would like
to finish this paper by studying the weak coupling limit $k\to
\infty$ of the  ${\cal N}=6$ Chern-Simons theory on $S^1\times S^2$.
We will show that the Hagedorn/deconfinement transition will occur
in almost the same way as in the ${\cal N}=4$ free Yang-Mills on $S^1\times
S^3$ \cite{Sud,AMMPR}.

The original ABJM action in this limit becomes
\begin{align}\label{ABJMaction}
  S_{ABJM} &= \int d^3x \frac{1}{4\pi}\mbox{Tr}\left[ \left( A_{(1)}\wedge dA_{(1)} +
      \frac{2}{3\sqrt k}A_{(1)}^3\right) - \left(A_{(2)}\wedge dA_{(2)} +
      \frac{2}{3\sqrt k}A_{(2)}^3\right)\right]\nonumber \\
  &+ \mbox{Tr} \sum_{i=1,2}\left[ |D_\mu^{(+)} A_i|^2 + |D_\mu^{(-)} B_i|^2 + i\bar\psi_i
    \Slash D^{(+)}\psi_i + i\bar\chi_i\Slash D^{(-)}\chi_i\right]
  + {\cal O} \left(\frac{1}{k}\right),
\end{align}
where we define the covariant derivatives
\begin{align}
  D_\mu^{(\pm)} = \nabla_\mu \pm \frac{i}{\sqrt k}(A_{(1)\,\mu}\otimes
  \bold{1}- \bold{1}\otimes A_{(2)\,\mu}).
\end{align}
We must be careful in taking $k$ infinity since a naive treatment
spoils the Gauss' law constraint \cite{AMMPR}. We must choose the
gauge fixing by the temporal gauge
\begin{align}\label{gaugefix}
  A_{(a)\,0}(x) = \sqrt k \,a_{(a)}, \quad (a=1,2).
\end{align}
Under this gauge fixing, the action (\ref{ABJMaction}) on $S^1\times
S^2$ becomes
\begin{align}
  S_{free} & =

  iS_{CS}(A_{(1)};S^1\times S^2) - iS_{CS}(A_{(2)};S^1\times S^2)\nonumber \\
  &+ \mbox{Tr} \sum_{i=1,2}\Big[ \bar{A}_i \left(\!\!
  -(D_\mu'^{(+)})^2\!\!
  +\!\!
    \frac{{\cal R}}{8} \right)A_i\! +\! \bar{B}_i \left(\!\! -(D_\mu'^{(-)})^2
    +\!\!
    \frac{{\cal R}}{8} \right)B_i \! +\! i\bar\psi_i
    \Slash D'^{(+)}\psi_i\! +\! i\bar\chi_i\Slash D'^{(-)}\chi_i\Big],
\end{align}
where we included $\frac{{\cal R}}{8}$ term which arises from a conformal
coupling of the scalar field and defined $D_\mu'^{(\pm)} =
(D_0'^{(\pm)}\equiv\partial_0 \pm i(a_{(1)}\otimes
  \bold{1} - \bold{1}\otimes a_{(2)}), \nabla_1, \nabla_2)$.
The Ricci scalar is ${\cal R} =2$ for the unit two sphere, and
integrating the matter fields out gives the one-loop effective
action
\begin{align}
  & \mbox{Tr}\ln\left(-(D_0'^{(\pm)})^2 - \nabla^2 + \frac{{\cal R}}{8}\right)
  = -\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}z_B(x^n)\, (\mbox{tr} U^n\,\mbox{tr} V^{-n}+\mbox{tr} U^{-n}\,\mbox{tr} V^{n}),\nonumber \\
  & \mbox{Tr}\ln(-(\Slash D'^{(\pm)})^2)\! =\! Tr\ln(-(D_0'^{(\pm)})^2\!\! - \!\!\nabla^2\!\! +\!\! \frac{{\cal R}}{8})
  = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-)^{n+1}}{n}z_F(x^n)\,(\mbox{tr} U^n\,\mbox{tr} V^{-n}+\mbox{tr} U^{-n}\,\mbox{tr} V^{n}) ,
\end{align}
where we denote $x=e^{-\beta}$ and introduce
$U=e^{i\beta\alpha_{(1)}},\, V=e^{i\beta\alpha_{(2)}}$ as Wilson
loops along $S^1$. We omit the irrelevant terms independent of
$\alpha$ and define the single-particle partition function of bosons
and fermions as \begin{equation}\label{SPF}
  z_B(x) = \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}(1+x)}{(1-x)^2}, \ \ \ \ z_F(x) = \frac{2x}{(1-x)^2}.
\end{equation} After all, the partition function becomes the expectation value
of the Wilson loops of $U(N)\times U(N)$ Chern-Simons gauge theory
\begin{align}
  Z =&\int [DA_{(1)}][DA_{(2)}]\exp \Big[ iS_{CS}(A_{(1)};S^1\times
    S^2) - iS_{CS}(A_{(2)};S^1\times S^2) \nonumber \\
    &\qquad\qquad + \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n}(4z_B(x^n)+(-)^{n+1}4z_F(x^n))(\mbox{tr} U^n\,\mbox{tr}
    V^{-n}+\mbox{tr} U^{-n}\,\mbox{tr} V^{n})\Big],\nonumber \\
    =& \left\langle  \exp \left[
      \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n}z_n(x)(\mbox{tr} U^n\,\mbox{tr}
    V^{-n}+\mbox{tr} U^{-n}\,\mbox{tr} V^{n})\right] \right\rangle_{S^1 \times S^2},
\end{align}
where, in the second equality, we define
$z_n(x)=4z_B(x^n)+(-)^{n+1}4z_F(x^n)$. It is known that only singlet
representation of the Wilson loops takes non-zero expectation value
in Chern-Simons gauge theory on $S^1\times S^2$ \cite{WiCS}, then we
can rewrite the above expression as the matrix model
\begin{align}
  Z = \int [dU][dV]\exp \left[
      \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n}z_n(x)(\mbox{tr} U^n\,\mbox{tr}
    V^{-n}+\mbox{tr} U^{-n}\,\mbox{tr} V^{n})\right].
\end{align}
Once taking the large-$N$ limit, we can obtain the effective action
\begin{align}\label{MMaction}
  I_{eff} &= N^2 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n}\left(|u_n|^2 + |v_n|^2 -
  z_n(x)(u_nv_{-n}+u_{-n}v_n)\right),
\end{align}
where $u_n\equiv \mbox{tr} U^n/N,\, v_n\equiv \mbox{tr} V^n/N$ and
the first two terms in the right hand side come from the measure.

We now consider the saddle point of the matrix model action
(\ref{MMaction}). The eigenvalues $\lambda$ of the quadratic form in
(\ref{MMaction}) with respect to $(u_n,v_n)$, read $\lambda=1\pm
z_n(x)$. Thus the trivial saddle point $u_n=v_n=0$ is dominated if
$z_1(x)<1$ since $z_n(x)$ is monotonically decreasing function of
$n$. For $z_1(x)>1$, one of the eigenvalues becomes negative and the
action is dominated by another saddle point which gives order $N^2$
free energy. Then, there is a deconfinement transition at $z_1(x)=1$
and the Hagedorn temperature is calculated using (\ref{SPF}) as
  $T_H = \frac{1}{\log (17+12\sqrt 2)} \sim 0.283648$.

In this way we have shown that in the large $k$ limit (free limit),
a Hagedorn/deconfinement transition occurs in the ABJM theory. In
the strong coupling region $\frac{N}{k}\gg 1$, this is expected from
supergravities \cite{Wi}: both the IIA string on $CP^3$ and the
M-theory on $S^7/Z_k$ have the $AdS_4$ black hole solution. To
understand the finite $k$ region in the gauge theory side, which is
dual to the M-theory, we need to take the non-singlet flux
contributions \cite{ABJM} into account and this will be an
interesting future problem.

\section{Conclusion}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this paper we examined the Penrose limit of the type IIA string
on $AdS_4\times CP^3$, which is argued to be dual to the ${\cal
N}=6$ Chern-Simons gauge theory (ABJM theory) in the 't Hooft limit.
We obtained the resulting plane wave background and compute the
string spectrum in terms of gauge theoretic quantities. For BPS
operators, we find the agreement between the IIA string and the ABJM
theory. Also the string spectrum in the plane wave limit provides us
with an important prediction of the anomalous dimensions in certain
sectors which satisfy $J\sim \sqrt\frac{N}{k}$ in the ABJM theory. We also
analyzed the gauge theory sides and argued that we can define
BMN-like (almost BPS) operators when the R-charge $J$ is large. We
calculated the leading anomalous dimensions for these BMN-like
operators and found that the results are different from the ones
computed in the IIA string on the plane wave. This shows that the
BMN scaling in the ABJM theory is violated already in this near BPS
sector as opposed to the ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory.
 This issue definitely deserves
future studies.

We also examined the weak coupling limit $k\to \infty$ of the ABJM
theory on $S^1\times S^2$ and evaluated the partition function at
finite temperature. We showed that the Hagedorn/deconfinement
transition occurs in this limit of the ABJM theory as naturally
expected.

\vskip3mm

\noindent {\bf Acknowledgments} TT would like to thank Y. Matsuo and
S. Terashima for useful conversations about the BLG theory. We are
also very grateful to H. Lin for helpful comments. The work of TN is
supported in part by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
No.19$\cdot$3589.
 The work of TT is supported in part by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research No.20740132, No.18840027 and by JSPS
Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research No. 19GS0219.

\vskip2mm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


It's really wierd that the regular windows all have double panes, while the ceiling in the top floor appears to be totally uninsulated. And the sound proofing between the units is amazingly wonderful.
I'm not sure if the high windows are double paned. I'll get the caulking your talking about & also use plastic to cover them - this weekend. Other than the ceiling, the upper tier windows are certainly a heat loss conduit.
When I started reading your post, I was hoping you were going to say you knew of a material I could apply to the ceiling *l*. Maybe I should just tack up plastic, but that would be so much hard work: it's like 20 feet up there, I'm guessing.
I'll see about putting plastic on the regular windows... The slider door for the balcony is also a bit of heat loss feature. On my side, I have insulated curtains for the slider. On my boyfriend's side, oddly enough there is a venetian blind. That makes zero sense, but that's how it is. I guess we can put plastic over at least 1/2 of that... Or put plastic on the outside on 1/2.
I know I have to put pictures of my breaker box on the house forum as suggested, to get ideas of what to say to the maintenance guy, etc.
As for fires: My boyfriend has renter's insurance. I should too.
Keeping my utilities as down as possible is my goal. I can definitely do the caulking & plasticizing the upper windows.
In an earlier post you described the "ceiling" in the upper level as basically the roof boards with gaps showing the shingles. This means that it is a completely and totally uninsulated roof. And that alone will essentially cause you to lose all your heat. Short of a huge space heater, you won't be able to keep the place warm.
The best solution to that is insulation that fits between the 2x6s. But that's going to be expensive, and is going to be a bit difficult to install.
Thanks, Omaha, for the input.
Last edited by sarahkate_m; 10-02-2009 at 02:00 PM..
Radiant Barrier or Foam-Foil Insulation is a specialty application product.
It is good for things like insulating ductwork in unheated crawl-spaces. However, it's not cost-effective for general insulating purposes.
What you're after is "R-Value". You want the highest R-Value, covering the largest square-footage of space, for the least amount of money. And that requires purchasing the right kind of insulation.
Are you familiar with Craigslist? If you have a local "chapter" get on their and look in the "materials for sale" section. Sometimes you'll find some amazing deals on things like insulation, etc.
Far OUT. Will do: CL. Thanks for straightening me out, too.
When i've spent a few winters on the desert in AZ/NV with my Pace Arrow motorhome, i use Reflectix insulation from Home Depot.
I've used it on the inside of the windshield, some other windows, skylight, vents. It keeps the Heat in. Can also be used for walls (between studs), attic, etc.
If there's a door or hallway leading into the uninsulated attic, you might want to consider sealing it off with plastic to keep the warm air downstairs.
The heat shrink stuff for windows really isn't very expensive, and it's crystal clear as long as you're careful installing it. All you have to do is to put some double sided tape around the window, press the plastic onto the tape, and then use a hair dryer to get rid of the wrinkles. Sealing off windows makes a huge difference!
I'm a little worried about how removable the double sided tape is since this is a rental: can you tell me how good it comes off? I've seen the kits at HomeDepot.
I have some of my own plastic which is probably just a shrinkable... but double sided tape?
It comes off really easily, and most of the kits give you a few alcohol pads to take care of any little spots of residue. I've never needed to use them.
I know you probably don't want to spend the money to buy the kits, but I'd encourage you to at least buy one to do the windows in the room that you use the most. The extra light that the good plastic will let in can make a huge difference in how much you need to use lamps and will help to reduce seasonal affective disorder if you tend to get depressed during the winter months.
Thanks for the heads up, Sterling! I'll experiment... to see if I can shrink the plastic I have first, then I'll get at least one kit if it doesn't.
So far, it's been warmer than I expected so we've been able to keep it above 60 degrees upstairs most of the time by using the fire place (first time we've used it for heating).
We're trying to learn to burn the wood as slowly as possible...It's free but it takes nearly 3 hours to get one carload from one place to another & store it as well, so slow is good for usage.


text:
NewsLocalMogherini reiterates EU's full support to Cyprus on EEZ
Mogherini reiterates EU's full support to Cyprus on EEZ
The EU reminded Turkey of the March 2018 European Council Conclusions on the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean during the 54th EU-Turkey Association Council held today in Brussels and expressed full EU solidarity with the Republic of Cyprus in relation to the Turkish statements about the drilling activity in the Cypriot Exclusive Economic Zone.
Speaking a conference in the presence of Turkish Foreign Minister Melvut Cavocoglou and EU Enlargement Commissioner Johannes Hahn, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said prospects for a resumption of the negotiations for a solution to the Cyprus problem were discussed and also expressed readiness and availability EU to assist the process when the UN deems it can start again.
"Finally, we reiterated our position on good neighbourly relations, by recalling the March 2018 European Council conclusions about the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea and we underlined that the European Union stands in full solidarity with Cyprus when it comes to the recent statements by Turkey in relation to its planned drilling activities in the Cyprus Exclusive Economic Zone," she said.
She also stated that "we discussed the prospective for the future eventual resumption of the talks under the UN auspices on the Cyprus Issue and we reiterated on our side the full availability and the readiness from the European Union to accompany and support in any possible useful manner these talks whenever UN will deem it ready to restart".
According to a written statement issued by the Council, "the EU also reiterated its position on good neighbourly relations, by recalling the March 2018 European Council conclusions on the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea, and expressed its grave concern over recent statements by Turkey in relation to its planned drilling activities in Cyprus` Exclusive Economic Zone".
The statement adds that "the EU welcomed the UN efforts to resume negotiations for the reunification of Cyprus, and recalled that it remains crucial that Turkey commits and contributes to the process and to a fair, comprehensive and viable settlement within the UN framework, in accordance with UNSC resolutions and in line with EU principles and the EU acquis".
Furthermore, during the Association Council, the EU reaffirmed the importance of the relations between the EU and Turkey, a candidate country and a key partner and stressed the importance of open and frank dialogue, within the established framework, in order to address common challenges in areas of joint interest such as migration, counter-terrorism, energy, transport, the economy and trade.
The EU underlined "that the Turkish government's stated commitment to EU accession needs to be matched by corresponding reforms and recalled that the Council conclusions of 26 June 2018 state that Turkey has been moving further away from the European Union and that accession negotiations have therefore effectively come to a standstill".
The EU reiterated its concerns over "the continuing and deeply worrying backsliding in the areas of fundamental rights and rule of law, and the deterioration of the independence and functioning of the judiciary". In this regard, the EU expressed its expectation from Turkey "to ensure that its plans for judicial reform are realised in line with EU and Council of Europe standards".
The EU also deplored the increasing pressure faced by civil society, as demonstrated by the indictment of sixteen prominent activists late February and stated its concerns over the rapidly shrinking space for civil society, notably in the face of widespread arrests, including arrest of journalists, and recurrent bans on demonstrations and other types of gatherings. The EU called on Turkey to urgently reverse all measures that have a negative impact on judicial independence, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The EU immediately and strongly condemned the 15 July coup attempt. The EU also underlined the importance of a system of redress for those unjustly affected by the broad scale and collective nature of the measures taken in its aftermath.
The EU strongly commended Turkey`s significant efforts in hosting and addressing the needs of approximately four million refugees and underlined that the continued implementation of the EU-Turkey Statement is in the interest of both sides and remains crucial with a view to bringing irregular migration to a halt.
It welcomed the comprehensive and regular EU-Turkey political dialogue, which allows for further reviewing a broad range of foreign policy issues of common interest, notably as regards Syria, Iraq, Iran, the Middle East Peace Process, Libya, and the situation in the Gulf. Finally, the EU underlined that Turkey has an important role and responsibility within the wider region, and that enhanced dialogue, cooperation and alignment on foreign policy issues is crucial.
(Cyprus News Agency)
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