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Home Application-development Gradle for Android
Gradle for Android
By Kevin Pelgrims
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Getting Started with Gradle and Android Studio
Understanding Gradle basics
Getting started with the Gradle Wrapper
Migrating from Eclipse
Basic Build Customization
Understanding the Gradle files
Getting started with tasks
Customizing the build
Managing Dependencies
Local dependencies
Dependency concepts
Inside Android Studio
Creating Build Variants
Product flavors
Build variants
Signing configurations
Managing Multimodule Builds
The anatomy of a multimodule build
Adding modules to a project
Tips and best practices
Test coverage
Creating Tasks and Plugins
Understanding Groovy
Hooking into the Android plugin
Creating your own plugins
Setting Up Continuous Integration
Further automation
Advanced Build Customization
Reducing the APK file size
Speeding up builds
Ignoring Lint
Using Ant from Gradle
Advanced app deployment
Gradle is an open source build automation system that introduces a Groovy-based domain-specific language (DSL) to configure projects. Using Gradle makes it easy for Android developers to manage dependencies and set up the entire build process.
This book begins by taking you through the basics of Gradle and how it works with Android Studio. Furthermore, you will learn how to add local and remote dependencies to your project. You will work with build variants, such as debug and release, paid and free, and even combinations of these things. The book will also help you set up unit and integration testing with different libraries and will show how Gradle and Android Studio can make running tests easier. Finally, you will be shown a number of tips and tricks on the advanced customization of your application's build process. By the end of this book, you will be able to customize the entire build process, and create your own tasks and plugins for your Gradle builds.
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Chapter 1. Getting Started with Gradle and Android Studio
When Google introduced Gradle and Android Studio, they had some goals in mind. They wanted to make it easier to reuse code, create build variants, and configure and customize the build process. On top of that, they wanted good IDE integration, but without making the build system dependent on the IDE. Running Gradle from the command line or on a continuous integration server will always yield the same results as running a build from Android Studio.
We will refer to Android Studio occasionally throughout the book, because it often provides a simpler way of setting up projects, dealing with changes, and so on. If you do not have Android Studio installed yet, you can download it from the Android developer website (http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html).
In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:
Getting to know Android Studio
Android Studio was announced and released (as an early access preview) by Google in May 2013, alongside support for Gradle. Android Studio is based on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA, but is designed specifically with Android development in mind. It is available for free for Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows.
Compared to Eclipse, Android Studio has an improved user interface designer, a better memory monitor, a nice editor for string translation, warnings for possible Android-specific issues and a lot more features aimed at Android developers. It also features a special project structure view for Android projects, besides the regular Project view and Packages view that exist in IntelliJ IDEA. This special view groups Gradle scripts, drawables, and other resources in a convenient way. As soon as the stable version 1.0 of Android Studio was released, Google retired the Android Developer Tools (ADT) for Eclipse and recommended all developers to switch to Android Studio. This means that Google will not provide new features for Eclipse anymore, and all IDE-related tool development is now focused on Android Studio. If you are still using Eclipse, it is time to change if you do not want to be left behind.
This screenshot shows what Android Studio looks like for a simple Android app project:
Staying up to date
There are four different update channels for Android Studio:
Canary brings bleeding-edge updates, but might contain some bugs
The Dev channel gets an update more or less every month
Beta is used feature complete updates that might still contain bugs
The Stable channel, which is the default, features thoroughly tested releases that should be bug-free
By default, Android Studio checks every time it starts if there any updates available and notifies you.
When you launch Android Studio for the first time, it starts a wizard to set up your environment and to make sure you have the latest Android SDK and the necessary Google repositories. It also gives you the option to create an Android Virtual Device (AVD), so you can run apps on the emulator.
In order for an Android project to be built using Gradle, you need to set up a build script. This will always be called build.gradle, by convention. You will notice, as we go through the basics, that Gradle favors convention over configuration and generally provides default values for settings and properties. This makes it a lot easier to get started with a lot less configuration than that found in systems such as Ant or Maven, which have been the de facto build systems for Android projects for a long time. You do not need to absolutely comply with these conventions though, as it is usually possible to override them if needed.
Gradle build scripts are not written in the traditional XML, but in a domain-specific language (DSL) based on Groovy, a dynamic language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The team behind Gradle believes that using a declarative, DSL-style approach based on a dynamic language has significant advantages over using the more procedural, free-floating style of Ant, or any XML-based approach used by many other build systems.
That does not mean you need to know Groovy to get started with your build scripts. It is easy to read, and if you already know Java, the learning curve is not that steep. If you want to start creating your own tasks and plugins (which we will talk about in later chapters), it is useful to have a deeper understanding of Groovy. However, because it is based on the JVM, it is possible to write code for your custom plugins in Java or any other JVM-based language.
Projects and tasks
The two most important concepts in Gradle are projects and tasks. Every build is made up of at least one project, and every project contains one or more tasks. Every build.gradle file represents a project. Tasks are then simply defined inside the build script. When initializing the build process, Gradle assembles Project and Task objects based on the build file. A Task object consists of a list of Action objects, in the order they need to be executed. An Action object is a block of code that is executed, similar to a method in Java.
The build lifecycle
Executing a Gradle build is, in its simplest form, just executing actions on tasks, which are dependent on other tasks. To simplify the build process, the build tools create a dynamic model of the workflow as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). This means all the tasks are processed one after the other and loops are not possible. Once a task has been executed, it will not be called again. Tasks without dependencies will always be run before the others. The dependency graph is generated during the configuration phase of a build. A Gradle build has three phases:
Initialization: This is where the Project instance is created. If there are multiple modules, each with their own build.gradle file, multiple projects will be created.
Configuration: In this phase, the build scripts are executed, creating and configuring all the tasks for every project object.
Execution: This is the phase where Gradle determines which tasks should be executed. Which tasks should be executed depends on the arguments passed for starting the build and what the current directory is.
The build configuration file
In order to have Gradle build a project, there always needs to be a build.gradle file. A build file for Android has a few required elements:
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
This is where the actual build is configured. In the repositories block, the JCenter repository is configured as a source of dependencies for the build script. JCenter is a preconfigured Maven repository and requires no extra setup; Gradle has you covered. There are several repositories available straight from Gradle and it is easy to add your own, either local or remote.
The build script block also defines a dependency on Android build tools as a classpath Maven artifact. This is where the Android plugin comes from. The Android plugin provides everything needed to build and test applications. Every Android project needs to apply the Android plugin using this line:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
Plugins are used to extend the capabilities of a Gradle build script. Applying a plugin to a project makes it possible for the build script to define properties and use tasks that are defined in the plugin.
If you are building a library, you need to apply 'com.android.library' instead. You cannot use both in the same module because that would result in a build error. A module can be either an Android application or an Android library, not both.
When using the Android plugin, Android-specific conventions can be configured and tasks only applicable to Android will be generated. The Android block in the following snippet is defined by the plugin and can be configured per project:
android {
compileSdkVersion 22
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
This is where the Android-specific part of the build is configured. The Android plugin provides a DSL tailored to Android's needs. The only required properties are the compilation target and the build tools. The compilation target, specified by compileSdkVersion, is the SDK version that should be used to compile the app. It is good practice to use the latest Android API version as the compilation target.
There are plenty of customizable properties in the build.gradle file. We will discuss the most important properties in Chapter 2, Basic Build Customization, and more possibilities throughout the rest of the book.
The project structure
Compared to the old Eclipse projects, the folder structure for Android projects has changed considerably. As mentioned earlier, Gradle favors convention over configuration and this also applies to the folder structure.
This is the folder structure that Gradle expects for a simple app:
MyApp
├── build.gradle
├── settings.gradle
└── app
├── build
├── libs
└── src
└── main
├── java
│   └── com.package.myapp
└── res
├── drawable
├── layout
└── etc.
Gradle projects usually have an extra level at the root. This makes it easier to add extra modules at a later point. All source code for the app goes into the app folder. The folder is also the name of the module by default and does not need to be named app. If you use Android Studio to create a project with both a mobile app and an Android Wear smartwatch app, for example, the modules are called application and wearable by default.
Gradle makes use of a concept called source set. The official Gradle documentation explains that a source set is a group of source files, which are compiled and executed together. For an Android project, main is the source set that contains all the source code and resources for the default version of the app. When you start writing tests for your Android app, you will put the source code for the tests inside a separate source set called androidTest, which only contains tests.
Here is a short overview of the most important folders of an Android app:
/src/main/java
The source code for the app
/src/main/res
These are app-related resources (drawables, layouts, strings, and so on)
/libs
These are external libraries (.jar or .aar)
/build
The output of the build process
You can start a new project in Android Studio by clicking on Start a new Android Studio project on the start screen or by navigating to File | New Project… in the IDE itself.
Creating a new project in Android Studio starts with a wizard that helps set everything up. The first screen is for setting up the application name and the company domain. The application name is the name that will be used as the name of the app when it is installed and is used as the toolbar title by default. The company domain is used in combination with the application name to determine the package name, which is the unique identifier for any Android app. If you prefer a different package name, you can still change it by clicking on Edit. You can also change the location of the project on your hard drive.
No files are generated before going through all the steps in the wizard, because the next few steps will define which files need to be created.
Android does not only run on phones and tablets, but also supports a broad range of form factors, such as TV, watches, and glasses. The next screen helps you set up all the form factors you want to target in your project. Depending on what you choose here, dependencies and build plugins are included for development. This is where you decide if you just want to make a phone and tablet app or whether you also want to include an Android TV module, an Android Wear module, or a Google Glass module. You can still add these later, but the wizard makes it easy by adding all the necessary files and configurations. This is also where you choose what version of Android you want to support. If you select an API version below 21, the Android Support Library (including the appcompat library) is automatically added as a dependency.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files from your account at http://www.packtpub.com for all the Packt Publishing books you have purchased. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
The following screen suggests adding an activity and provides a lot of options, all of which result in generated code that makes it easier to get started. If you choose to have Android Studio generate an activity for you, the next step is to enter a name for the activity class, the layout file and the menu resource, and also to give the activity a title:
After you go through the entire wizard, Android Studio generates source code for an activity and a fragment, depending on the choices you made during the wizard. Android Studio also generates the basic Gradle files to make the project build. You will find a file called settings.gradle and one called build.gradle on the top level of the project. Inside the app module folder, there is another build.gradle file. We will go into more detail about the content and the purpose of these files in Chapter 2, Basic Build Customization.
You now have several options to trigger a build from inside Android Studio:
Inside the Build menu, you can click on Make Project, or you can use the keyboard shortcut, which is Ctrl + F9 on a PC and Cmd + F9 on Mac OS X
The toolbar has a shortcut for the same Make Project
The Gradle tool window, which lists all the available Gradle tasks
In the Gradle tool window, you can try to execute assembleDebug to build, or installDebug to install the app on a device or emulator. We will discuss these tasks in the next part of this chapter, which deals with the Gradle wrapper.
Gradle is a tool that is under constant development, and new versions could potentially break backward compatibility. Using the Gradle Wrapper is a good way to avoid issues and to make sure builds are reproducible.
The Gradle Wrapper provides a batch file on Microsoft Windows and a shell script on other operating systems. When you run the script, the required version of Gradle is downloaded (if it is not present yet) and used automatically for the build. The idea behind this is that every developer or automated system that needs to build the app can just run the wrapper, which will then take care of the rest. This way, it is not required to manually install the correct version of Gradle on a developer machine or build server. Therefore, it is also recommended to add the wrapper files to your version control system.
Running the Gradle Wrapper is not that different from running Gradle directly. You just execute gradlew on Linux and Mac OS X and gradlew.bat on Microsoft Windows, instead of the regular gradle command.
Getting the Gradle Wrapper
For your convenience, every new Android project includes the Gradle Wrapper, so when you create a new project, you do not have to do anything at all to get the necessary files. It is, of course, possible to install Gradle manually on your computer and use it for your project, but the Gradle Wrapper can do the same things and guarantee that the correct version of Gradle is used. There is no good reason not to use the wrapper when working with Gradle outside of Android Studio.
You can check if the Gradle Wrapper is present in your project by navigating to the project folder and running ./gradlew –v from the terminal or gradlew.bat –v from Command Prompt. Running this command displays the version of Gradle and some extra information about your setup. If you are converting an Eclipse project, the wrapper will not be present by default. In this case, it is possible to generate it using Gradle, but you will need to install Gradle first to get the wrapper.
The Gradle download page (http://gradle.org/downloads) has links to binaries and the source code, and it is possible to use a package manager such as Homebrew if you are on Mac OS X. All the instructions for installation are on the installation page (http://gradle.org/installation).
After you have downloaded and installed Gradle and added it to your PATH, create a build.gradle file containing these three lines:
task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
gradleVersion = '2.4'
After that, run gradle wrapper to generate the wrapper files.
In recent versions of Gradle, you can also run the wrapper task without modifying the build.gradle file, because it is included as a task by default. In that case, you can specify the version with the --gradle-version parameter, like this:
$ gradle wrapper --gradle-version 2.4
If you do not specify a version number, the wrapper is configured to use the Gradle version that the task is executed with.
These are all the files generated by the wrapper task:
myapp/
├── gradlew
├── gradlew.bat
└── gradle/wrapper/
├── gradle-wrapper.jar
└── gradle-wrapper.properties
You can see here that the Gradle Wrapper has three parts:
A batch file on Microsoft Windows and a shell script on Linux and Mac OS X
A JAR file that is used by the batch file and shell script
A properties file
The gradle-wrapper.properties file is the one that contains the configuration and determines what version of Gradle is used:
#Sat May 30 17:41:49 CEST 2015
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-2.4-all.zip
You can change the distribution URL if you want to use a customized Gradle distribution internally. This also means that any app or library that you use could have a different URL for Gradle, so be sure to check whether you can trust the properties before you run the wrapper.
Android Studio is kind enough to display a notification when the Gradle version used in a project is not up to date and will suggest automatically updating it for you. Basically, Android Studio changes the configuration in the gradle-wrapper.properties file and triggers a build, so that the latest version gets downloaded.
Android Studio uses the information in the properties to determine which version of Gradle to use, and it runs the wrapper from the Gradle Wrapper directory inside your project. However, it does not make use of the shell or bash scripts, so you should not customize those.
Running basic build tasks
In the terminal or command prompt, navigate to the project directory and run the Gradle Wrapper with the tasks command:
$ gradlew tasks
This will print out a list of all the available tasks. If you add the --all parameter, you will get a more detailed overview with the dependencies for every task.
On Microsoft Windows, you need to run gradlew.bat, and on Linux and Mac OS X, the full command is ./gradlew. For the sake of brevity, we will just write gradlew throughout this book.
To build the project while you are developing, run the assemble task with the debug configuration:
$ gradlew assembleDebug
This task will create an APK with the debug version of the app. By default, the Android plugin for Gradle saves the APK in the directory MyApp/app/build/outputs/apk.
Abbreviated task names
To avoid a lot of typing in the terminal, Gradle also provides abbreviated Camel case task names as shortcuts. For example, you can execute assembleDebug by running gradlew assDeb, or even gradlew aD, from the command-line interface.
There is one caveat to this though. It will only work as long as the Camel case abbreviation is unique. As soon as another task has the same abbreviation, this trick does not work anymore for those tasks.
Besides assemble, there are three other basic tasks:
check runs all the checks, this usually means running tests on a connected device or emulator
build triggers both assemble and check
clean cleans the output of the project
We will discuss these tasks in detail in Chapter 2, Basic Build Customization.
There are two ways to take on migration from an Eclipse project to a Gradle-based project:
Use the import wizard in Android Studio to handle migration automatically
Add a Gradle script to the Eclipse project and set everything up manually
Most projects are simple enough for the import wizard to be able to convert everything automatically. If there is something the wizard cannot figure out, it might even give you hints as to what you need to change for it to work.
Some projects, though, might be extremely complicated and require a manual conversion. If you have a huge project and you prefer to convert the project in steps, instead of all at once, it is possible to execute Ant tasks, or even entire Ant builds from Gradle. Doing that, you can do the transition at the pace you prefer and convert all the components slowly.
Using the import wizard
To start the import wizard, you need to open Android Studio, click on the File menu and then on Import Project..., or on the Android Studio start screen, click on Import Non-Android Studio project.
If you convert a project with JAR files or library sources, the import wizard will suggest replacing those with Gradle dependencies. These dependencies can come from local Google repositories (such as the Android Support Library) or even from a known online repository central. If no matching Google or online dependencies are found, the JAR file is used, as it was before. The import wizard creates at least one module for your app. If you have libraries with source code in your project, those are converted to modules as well.
This is what the import wizard looks like:
Studio creates a new folder to make sure you do not lose anything when you convert, and you can easily compare the outcome of the import wizard with the original. When the conversion is done, Android Studio opens the project and shows an import summary.
The summary lists any files that the import wizard decided to ignore and did not copy to the new project. If you want to include those anyway, you have to manually copy them to the new project. Right below the ignored files, the summary shows any JAR files that the import wizard was able to replace with Gradle dependencies. Android Studio tries to find those dependencies on JCenter. If you are using the Support Library, it is now included in the Google repository that is downloaded to your machine using the SDK manager, instead of a JAR file. Finally, the summary lists all the files that the import wizard has moved, showing their origin and destination.
The import wizard also adds three Gradle files: settings.gradle and build.gradle on the root, and another build.gradle in the module.
If you have any libraries that include source code, the import wizard turns those into Gradle projects as well and links everything together as necessary.
The project should now build without any issues, but keep in mind that you might need an Internet connection to download some of the necessary dependencies.
Projects that are more complicated might require extra work though, so next we will take a look at how to do the conversion manually.
The Eclipse export wizard
There is an export wizard in Eclipse as well, but it is completely outdated because the Android Tools team at Google stopped working on the Android Developer Tools for Eclipse. Therefore, it is recommended to always use the import wizard in Android Studio instead.
Migrating manually
There are multiple ways to go about manually migrating to a Gradle-based Android project. It is not required to change to the new directory structure, and it is even possible to run Ant scripts from your Gradle scripts. This makes the process of migrating very flexible, and it can make the transition easier for larger projects. We will look at running Ant tasks in Chapter 9, Advanced Build Customization.
Keeping the old project structure
If you do not want to move files around, it is possible to keep the Eclipse folder structure in your project. To do that, you need to change the source set configuration. We mentioned source sets earlier when talking about the project structure. Gradle and the Android plugin have their defaults, as usual, but it is possible to override those.
The first thing you need to do is to create a build.gradle file in the project directory. This file should apply the Android plugin and define the required properties for Gradle and the Android plugin. In its simplest form, it looks like this:
Then you can start by changing the source set. Usually, overriding the main source set to comply with the Eclipse structure looks like this:
sourceSets {
main {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
resources.srcDirs = ['src']
aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
androidTest.setRoot('tests')
In the Eclipse folder structure, all source files will reside in the same folder, so you need to tell Gradle that all these components can be found in the src folder. You only need to include the components that are in your project, but adding them all does no harm.
If you have any dependencies on JAR files, you need to tell Gradle where the dependencies are located. Assuming the JAR files are in a folder called libs, the configuration looks like this:
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
This one-liner includes every file with the extension .jar inside the libs directory as a dependency.
Converting to the new project structure
If you decide to convert to the new project structure manually, you need to create a few folders and move some files. This table shows an overview of the most important files and folders, and where you need to move them to convert to the new project structure:
Old location
app/src/main/java/
res/
app/src/main/res/
assets/
app/src/main/assets/
AndroidManifest.xml
app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
If you have any unit tests, you need to move the source code for those to app/src/test/java/ to have Gradle recognize them automatically. Functional tests belong in the app/src/androidTest/java/ folder.
The next step is to create a settings.gradle file in the root of the project. This file needs to contain only one line, and its purpose is to tell Gradle to include the app module in the build:
include: ':app'
When that is ready, you need two build.gradle files for a successful Gradle build. The first one belongs in the root of the project (on the same level as settings.gradle) and is used to define project-wide settings:
This sets up a few properties for all modules in the project. The second build.gradle goes in the app folder and contains module-specific settings:
These are the absolute basics. If you have a simple Android app that does not depend on third-party code, this will suffice. If you have any dependencies, you need to migrate those to Gradle as well.
Migrating libraries
If you have any libraries in your project that contain Android-specific code, those also need to use Gradle in order for them to play nice with the app module. The same basics apply, but you need to use the Android library plugin instead of the Android application plugin. The details of this process are discussed in Chapter 5, Managing Multimodule Builds.
We started the chapter by looking at the advantages of Gradle and why it is more useful than other build systems currently in use. We briefly looked at Android Studio and how it can help us by generating build files.
After the introduction, we took a look at the Gradle Wrapper, which makes maintenance and sharing projects a lot easier. We created a new project in Android Studio, and you now know how to migrate an Eclipse project to Android Studio and Gradle, both automatically and manually. You are also capable of building projects with Gradle in Android Studio, or straight from the command-line interface.
In the next few chapters, we will look at ways to customize the build, so you can further automate the build process and make maintenance even easier. We will start by examining all the standard Gradle files, exploring basic build tasks, and customizing parts of the build in the next chapter.
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Kevin Pelgrims
Kevin Pelgrims started his career as a .NET developer in Belgium. After some years working on Windows and web development for corporate clients, he moved to Copenhagen to become part of its start-up community. There, he began working on mobile platforms, and within a year, he was the lead developer of several Android and Windows Phone apps. Kevin is also a regular speaker at the Android developers group in Copenhagen. He maintains multiple Android apps in his spare time and likes to experiment with server-side technology. When he is not busy writing code, he is most likely playing the guitar with his wife and their cat.
To follow what Kevin is up to, you can take a look at his blog at http://www.kevinpelgrims.com or follow him on Twitter at @kevinpelgrims.
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text:
Ross Ramsey
Published: January 15, 2020, 12:01 am
Tags: Politics
SAPD searching for missing 82-year-old woman
Gorgeous $7.95 million mansion for sale in Boerne will make you feel like you're in Italy
Analysis: Conservatism, without George W. Bush's modifier
Crystal Brimm is experiencing homeless and is currently living under Ben White Boulevard and Lamar Avenue. She discusses with her partner the possibility of moving to a 5 acre homeless camp recently created by Gov. Greg Abbott. Nov. 7, 2019. Miguel Gutierrez Jr./The Texas Tribune
Gov. Greg Abbott's latest foray into immigration and human welfare — deciding the state won't take part in the federal refugee program — raised expected (Democrats) and unexpected (Catholic bishops) outcries. But it's all of a piece, given his recent loud critique of the City of Austin's policies on homeless Texans in that city and his long-standing opposition to expanding Medicaid benefits in the state.
It's an exhibition of how far the Republican Party establishment in Texas has moved over the last 20 years, from the governorship of George W. Bush to the present. Bush had more Democrats to contend with than Abbott, starting with a Democratic legislative majority and never, during Bush's time in the Governor's Mansion, getting any better than a split Legislature with a Republican-majority Senate and a Democratic-majority House.
Times have changed. Politics in Texas isn't the same. Bush's "compassionate conservatism," a slogan from his first run for president in 2000, is outmoded, passé, a quaint political notion from the turn of the century.
Abbott represents a harder side of the Texas heart.
He let the U.S. State Department know that Texas won't take part in the refugee resettlement program, writing that the state's public and private agencies should use their resources for people already here, "including refugees, migrants, and the homeless—indeed, all Texans."
He said the state has already been stuck with "disproportionate migration issues," throwing legal refugees into the argument over the "broken federal immigration system" and migrants apprehended on the state's southern border. And he said refugees initially admitted in other states — at least 42 states are taking part in the program — can always move here after having settled elsewhere. During his time as governor, 22,583 refugees have settled in Texas, according to the Refugee Processing Center. "Texas has carried more than its share in assisting the refugee resettlement process," he wrote.
The blowback from Democratic corners was characteristically loud and sharp, even drawing attention from at least one presidential candidate. But the less predictable criticism came from faith leaders, in particular a rebuke from the Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops. They said they respect Abbott, a fellow Catholic, but found his decision "deeply discouraging and disheartening."
Those were not Abbott's first words on the down-and-out, or even on refugees. Abbott unsuccessfully sued to keep Syrian refugees out of Texas in 2016. And the governor has lately taken a hard line in a running argument with the City of Austin over its homeless policies, suggesting that relaxed local camping laws have exposed the city's residents to crime. He's also used state police and other resources to clear encampments in parts of the city and opened a plot of state land for people experiencing homeless.
At least 25,000 people in Texas are experiencing homelessness, according to a recent county by organizations and volunteers who did an annual count last year. Austin had the highest share of homeless residents who weren't living with any kind of shelter.
This kind of thing isn't new in Texas.
Like his predecessor, Rick Perry, Abbott has kept the state out of the Medicaid expansion offered under the federal Affordable Care Act; opting in would make an estimated 1.1 million Texans eligible for coverage. Most states have taken the expansion, which requires a state to spend relatively small amounts of money to draw much larger amounts of federal matching funds. Most Republican leaders in Texas have argued that it would increase health care costs and worried that the federal government might someday end its promise to pay the lion's share of the coverage.
They're saving money for the state government, if not for the state overall; somebody has to pay for whatever health care those 1.1 million people get. And the homeless in Austin have to occupy space somewhere, even if it's not downtown where the people in business suits have to step over them. And those refugees can get their start on the American Dream in 42 other states.
Texas is too busy right now.
2020 Texas Tribune

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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  public final static int typeIndexID = JCasRegistry.register(TestDocument.class);
  /** @generated
   * @ordered
   */
  @SuppressWarnings ("hiding")
  public final static int type = typeIndexID;
  /** @generated  */
  @Override
  public              int getTypeIndexID() {return typeIndexID;}

  /** Never called.  Disable default constructor
   * @generated */
  protected TestDocument() {/* intentionally empty block */}

  /** Internal - constructor used by generator
   * @generated */
  public TestDocument(int addr, TOP_Type type) {
    super(addr, type);
    readObject();
  }

  /** @generated */
  public TestDocument(JCas jcas) {
    super(jcas);
    readObject();
  }

  /** @generated */
  public TestDocument(JCas jcas, int begin, int end) {
    super(jcas);
    setBegin(begin);
    setEnd(end);
    readObject();
  }

  /** <!-- begin-user-doc -->
    * Write your own initialization here
    * <!-- end-user-doc -->
  @generated modifiable */
  private void readObject() {/*default - does nothing empty block */}

  //*--------------*
  //* Feature: qaList

  /** getter for qaList - gets
   * @generated */
  public FSList getQaList() {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_qaList == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("qaList", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    return (FSList)(jcasType.ll_cas.ll_getFSForRef(jcasType.ll_cas.ll_getRefValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_qaList)));}

  /** setter for qaList - sets
   * @generated */
  public void setQaList(FSList v) {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_qaList == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("qaList", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    jcasType.ll_cas.ll_setRefValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_qaList, jcasType.ll_cas.ll_getFSRef(v));}

  //*--------------*
  //* Feature: ReadingTestId

  /** getter for ReadingTestId - gets
   * @generated */
  public String getReadingTestId() {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_readingTestId == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("readingTestId", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    return jcasType.ll_cas.ll_getStringValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_readingTestId);}

  /** setter for ReadingTestId - sets
   * @generated */
  public void setReadingTestId(String v) {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_readingTestId == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("readingTestId", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    jcasType.ll_cas.ll_setStringValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_readingTestId, v);}

  //*--------------*
  //* Feature: topicId

  /** getter for topicId - gets
   * @generated */
  public String getTopicId() {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_topicId == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("topicId", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    return jcasType.ll_cas.ll_getStringValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_topicId);}

  /** setter for topicId - sets
   * @generated */
  public void setTopicId(String v) {
    if (TestDocument_Type.featOkTst && ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeat_topicId == null)
      jcasType.jcas.throwFeatMissing("topicId", "edu.cmu.lti.qalab.types.TestDocument");
    jcasType.ll_cas.ll_setStringValue(addr, ((TestDocument_Type)jcasType).casFeatCode_topicId, v);}
  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Infertility is an issue that many couples face when they decide to start a family. It's a frustrating, faith-testing diagnosis, that can be a confidence killer and can strain even the closest of relationships. As someone with personal experience, infertility can be a difficult subject to discuss. Not only with those around you, but with your partner, as well. My husband Jason, and I tried for 5 long years before we got pregnant. During that time, something that had been a source of personal connection, became ruled by calendars, doctor appointments, and timing. It all became so very sterile and mechanical that we began to lose the intimacy we once cherished.
At the time, we didn't live near family or close friends, having relocated after getting married. Although we had made new friends, infertility is not something that one just casually brings up over dinner conversation…"Hey Suzy, it seems the mucosal lining of my cervix is not conducive to Jason's sperm, can you pass the salt, please?" Jason and I had to rely on each other, and as the days became weeks, and weeks became years, we were pushed to our limits.
Did you know that we weren't in the same room for many of the fertility treatments? Jason made his "contribution" in a small dark room – high on the creepy scale. As for my part, laying on a bed staring at fluorescent lighting was not the kind of foreplay I appreciated. And don't get me started on the shots – Jason claims he didn't take pleasure in giving them to me, but there is a small part of me that isn't quite so sure. Even so, after a round of IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) and then IVF (In-Vitro Fertilization) I got pregnant. Whew! The stress was gone, we had done it. We were going to be a family – finally.
Then the worst thing that could happen, did – at 12 weeks, I lost the baby. We were crushed. Jason, the doctors and those who knew – soothed and empathized, but I still couldn't help but feel as though it was my fault. I was the one who couldn't get pregnant, I was the one who lost the baby. It was ME. I was broken and defective. Yet, in the midst of all the pain, this man of mine, still wanted me. Still wanted to try again. Though I didn't think I was ready, he could see that moving forward and facing my insecurities would be better than dwelling on the loss and difficulties. This could easily have destroyed us. Was it difficult, absolutely. Hardest thing I have ever done.
Knowing what I had to face again, no one would have faulted me for giving up. But I wasn't alone. Together, we communicated and trusted each other to take it step by step. We never gave up. After a second round of IVF, we conceived and delivered triplets. The stress, the sterility of the process, the shots and everything else had been worth it all!
Now, there is a new innovation that can make this process much less sterile and impersonal, helping to reduce the stress of conception – the Stork OTC . The Stork OTC keeps the process of conception in the home, between you and your partner. I only wish we had access to the convenience of this product, it would have given us more control in our fertility journey. Check out the Stork website to learn more.
The Stork OTC is a uniquely designed medical device you use at home, during ovulation, to assist your chances of becoming pregnant by using the cervical cap insemination technique. This smart technique enables the sperm to quickly bypass the vaginal tract and places the sperm as close as possible to the opening of the cervix, right where it needs to swim up through to get to the egg. The product can be used in private, at home, without a prescription.
Disclosure: I have been compensated for this post in partnership with Stork. Personal reflection and opinions are mine.
Jennifer is a busy mother of triplets plus one. Yes, she was blessed with a fourth after having three at one time. She is a God fearing, Jesus loving, die-hard Texas Aggie - who loves Elvis, dancing and soccer. When she's not chasing kids or being a taxi driver she fits in her own business as a consultant for Rodan+Fields. Pre-kids she managed corporate fitness programs, taught fitness classes and yoga. Jennifer and Jason have been married for almost 19 years and look forward to seeing what the next 19 will bring.


Avocados and Asian pears for the… Avocado and Asian pear salad.
Candied ginger chopped by yours, truly.
Bruschetta in it's Italian glory!
The chef/instructor was very helpful in guiding us through the recipes. I never realized how complicated a souffle was to make. The best part about the class is that all of the ingredients were purchased for us, ready to go, and they did the dishes for us! They even included wine for dinner. For the cost of a 5 course meal anywhere else in Pittsburgh, we had an enjoyable experience that was a perfect date night.
Thanks This good post, i like you posting, yeahh very goods. thanks.
This is the social media manager at Gaynor's School of Cooking! We just saw the post and LOVE your photos! We would love to offer you a discount on any of our upcoming classes in exchange for your permission to post your photos to our instagram account. We would credit you for the photos, of course! Shoot us an email to let us know!


text:
(Cherry Credits) Bring Glory To Your Nation In The Dragon Nest World Championship
Posted by admin | Oct 14, 2013 | Article, Games, Toys & Collectibles | 0 |
Prepare for the ultimate Player vs Player showdown in Asia!
SINGAPORE — October 14, 2013 — The World's No. 1 MO Action RPG Dragon Nest is set to make waves once more. Hail the Dragon Nest World Championship where the game service in different regions like China, Korea, Singapore, Philippines and Malaysia will come together for the first time, to host a Player vs Player (PvP) showdown! The final battle is slated to take place in Shanghai, China on December 12 – 15, 2013.
Players from Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines who are interested to take part in this inaugural event may head to the DWC arena from now until October 20, 2013 (1700HRS – 2359HRS, GMT +8), to form their teams and begin the battle to bring glory to their respective nations.
The top 16 teams from each country in the DWC arena will then be selected to compete in their respective National Qualifiers. The top 3 teams who emerge victorious from this round will be rewarded with the elusive Dark Weapon (Rare Grade), but only the champion team from each country will snag the boasting rights in the all-expenses-paid trip to the Dragon Nest World Championship, held in Shanghai.
"We are bringing PvP in Dragon Nest to a whole new stage in the Dragon Nest World Championship," said Mr Addison Kang, Vice-President and Producer of Shanda Games International. "For the first time ever, the different regional publishers of Dragon Nest are working together to bring these serious PvP players to compete on an international platform. To the players, it is no longer just being the champion of Dragon Nest China, Dragon Nest Korea, or Dragon Nest SEA. This time, the winner of this competition will truly be the champion of Dragon Nest."
Source: Cherry Credits
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Resident Tourist Book Launch and Discussion
Megatron in his first TV Commercial
Earphones Churata Churaha Interview – Part 2
Dark magical girl horror manga, Magical Girl Site, to end soon


Etymology: Inimicus: Latin, inimicus = enemy (Ref. 45335).
Indo-West Pacific: Japan and East China Sea.
Food fish (Ref. 559). Commercially cultured in Japan. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.9 - 24.3, mean 20.5 (based on 160 cells).
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00406 - 0.02827), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).


4FEES 5.5B applies to respondents.
VJ participants are included as a result of DISP 4.2.6 R.
Any firm falling into either industry block 13 or industry block 15 in FEES 5 Annex 1 R is not required to pay any case fee in respect of chargeable cases relating to those industry blocks.
The firms in industry blocks 13 and 15 are cash plan health providers and small friendly societies. The case fee exemption takes into account that the amount in issue is likely to be small relative to the case fee. Instead, the full unit cost of handling complaints against these firms will be recovered through the setting of the relevant general levy.
A credit union which is subject to the minimum levy in an industry block is not required to pay any case fee in respect of chargeable cases relating to that industry block.
Arrangements similar to those for firms in industry blocks 13 and 15 have been made for small credit unions under FEES 5.5B.5 R.
The amount of the case fees will be subject to consultation each year.
If the respondent is identified as part of a charging group as defined in FEES 5 Annex 3R Part 3, the charging group must pay the special case fee calculated under FEES 5 Annex 3R Part 4 (from 1 April 2013) instead of the respondent paying the standard case fee or the supplementary case fee.
may invoice the relevant charging group through any of the individual respondents in the relevant charging group.
In respect of the special case fee, individual respondents are jointly and individually liable for the obligations of the charging group of which they are identified as forming part in FEES 5 Annex 3R Part 3.
Where a respondent ceases to be a firm, payment service provider, electronic money issuer, CBTL firm, 6a designated credit reference agency, a designated finance platform, VJ participant or claims management company3 (as the case may be) part way through a financial year it will remain liable to pay case fees under FEES 5.5B in respect of cases within the jurisdiction of the Financial Ombudsman Service.
interest on any unpaid amount at the rate of 5% per annum above the Official Bank Rate from time to time, accruing on a daily basis from the date on which the amount concerned became due.


Free movement and the extension of EU membership to Eastern and Central European countries have led to a substantial increase in migration to the UK. One result is an increase in the number of pupils who are either migrants themselves or born to recent migrants. In June 2016 the UK voted to leave the EU, and it is clear that anti-immigration sentiments played a decisive role in the minds of many voters.
It is known that people who have more contact with migrants are more positive but opportunities for mixing can be limited. Yet schools offer such opportunities, for pupils and for parents. They are also places where the needs of migrants can be identified and addressed and equal participation in society can be facilitated. Integration of migrant children into schools can also benefit the wellbeing and performance of migrant pupils themselves, and to rebalance disadvantage stemming from disruption to schooling or negative life experiences before or after arrival in the UK.
Our research, funded by the Paul Hamlyn Foundation, aimed to identify ways in which schools were actively integrating pupils with these two aims in mind: to create an inclusive environment for pupils and families and to optimise the performance of pupils who might need additional support. We aimed to identify good and promising practice towards successful integration across all areas of learning and school life, in different kinds of schools and with different pupils and local circumstances. We aimed for our research to contribute to knowledge about schools' practices and to the debate on migration and integration.


text:
wildcardPortTestRan = false;

onload = function() {
  test(function() {
        assert_true(wildcardPortTestRan, 'Script should have ran.')},
        "Wildcard port matching works."
    );
}


We just spent 4 awesome days in Charleston, SC. What a great city!! I absolutely love the history. I lobbied for Charleston as opposed to Savannah, GA with Cathy and finally won her over. I also had on my side the fact that we've been to Savannah a couple of times already, but she loves Savannah!
We arrived at the RV park outside of Charleston Wednesday, June 18 and got settled in around 4pm or so on. Then off to eat!!! We looked on Yelp and found a tiny little restaurant down the street with terrific reviews ("OMG get the chicken!") called Angel Oak Restaurant. It had awesome food, a swanky atmosphere and some really interesting craft brews. Later on in the week we broke our rule of eating in the same place twice.
Charleston was hot. Very hot. We spent most days inside the RV or at the pool and then later on in the afternoon we'd venture out to downtown Charleston. It was hot.
On Thursday, our first full day in Charleston, we found a simple walking route online and followed it through some of the older parts of town and down to White Point Garden (Battery Park). We really had no idea where we were going and luckily hit the jackpot.
After an hour or two of walking, the girls were, of course, bored and starving so after wandering around aimlessly for awhile we finally got a great recommendation for TBonz Grill on Market street. The girls order some gigantic desserts from Kaminsky's next door while Cathy and I had a beer.
I worked all day Friday while the girls rode bikes around the park and went to the pool. We thought it would be cool to take the girls to Bubba Gump's for dinner in Charleston. Bad decision. Probably one of the worst decisions/meals we've ever made. Don't ever go to Bubba Gump's. Ever.
Saturday and Sunday were the best days in Charleston. We got up early Saturday morning and took a carriage tour of the city. Great history, houses and culture. Love Charleston! We decided to take the tour guide up on her recommendation for Lowcountry Bistro. OMG was it awesome!! Chicken and waffles FTW!! It was probably the best meal we've had so far.
We had made plans to attend an outdoor concert for most of the day Saturday but we decided to punt and stay indoors. There wasn't a cloud in the sky and it was pushing 95 degrees. We broke our "one place" eating rule and went back to Angel Oak Restaurant for beignets (we were told they were the best!). The girls loved them!! Then it was off to see the actual Angel Oak tree. I'd seen reviews of the tree and was dying to go. It's reported to be the oldest living thing east of the Rockies at roughly 1500 years old! It didn't disappoint. Truly amazing. Then we hit one more graveyard on the way out as Kira can't get enough of them. She loves wandering through them for some reason.
Sunday was another highly anticipated day for a number of reasons. Since it had been so hot we decided the day before to visit Ft. Sumter early in the morning. We took the 9:30 ferry to the island and toured it for an hour. We had a great time and I think the girls really learned a lot about the start of the Civil War and slavery in general. It was a hot topic.
After the tour we headed back to TBonz (we didn't technically eat there before as we only had beer and dessert) and had lunch and watched some soccer. We spent the rest of the day in the RV waiting for the 6pm USA vs. Portugal game to start. We found a local sports bar and had a blast watching USA almost win.
Now we are off to somewhere north of Myrtle Beach to kill a couple of days before we head to Fayetteville to see Tyler.


This recipe can be used while on the diabetes or weight loss programs. One serving is 1 ½ cups. Make it a complete meal by enjoying with a large green salad. Be sure to only eat occasionally.
Spray a large pot with a little coconut oil spray. When hot add onion and cook 3-4 minutes so the onion is translucent.
Add garlic, tomato paste, oregano and parsley. Toast for 1 minute.
Add 4 cups broth (you will use the remaining 2 cups later), lentils, celery, tomatoes and bay leaves. Bring to a boil, reduce to simmer. Cover and cook 30 minutes.
While lentils are cooking prepare the steak. Pat steak dry with a paper towel. Sprinkle with Mrs. Dash seasoning on all sides.
Heat a medium pan that's been lightly sprayed with coconut oil spray over medium high heat. When hot, add the steak and cook 5 minutes per side.
Turn the heat off of the steak, leaving it in the pan, but removing from the heat. Cover with foil and let stand 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, transfer the steak to a plate, cover with foil and let rest at least 10 minutes. Transfer juices from pan to the pot with the lentils. After 10 minutes slice the steak against the grain into small pieces and set aside.
After the lentils have cooked 30 minutes, add the bell pepper, water and remaining 2 cups of broth. Bring to a boil, reduce heat. Cover and cook an additional 20-30 minutes (until lentils and bell pepper are soft).
Add salt, black pepper, cayenne and balsamic vinegar. Stir well.
Transfer 6 cups of soup to a blender and process until smooth. Return to the pot and add the steak. Stir well and enjoy.
Because flank steak is a very lean cut of meat, be sure to not over cook. It's also very important to cut the cooked meat against the grain to keep it tender.


This Broom Clipart Coloring Page Mop Pages Free Of Banner Royalty is provided only for personal use as image on computers, smartphones or other display devices. If you found any images copyrighted to yours, please contact us and we will remove it. We don't intend to display any copyright protected images.


In general, adults and seniors with Down syndrome tend to go through "accelerated aging". "Accelerated aging" refers to adults who experience certain conditions and milestones associated with aging, earlier than the general population.
Recognize and proactively plan for common issues or conditions related to accelerated aging.
Assist with scheduling medical and nonmedical appointments.
Provide companionship and medication reminders.
Maintain a positive attitude and treat you or your loved one with respect.


Scenes from a typical Tuesday night at the Nicollet Coffee House on the corner of Nicollet and Franklin. Live music, dancing, conversation, people with laptops, friends greeting each other.
What began in August has become a going thing. Maryann Sullivan and Rhonda Laurie are co-curating the music, and owner Jeremy Konecny is hoping to score a beer and wine license before too long, which should help make the place even more of a destination.
I like how it feels--warm and welcoming. High ceilings, big windows on two sides, creaky wood floors, random furniture including some overstuffed chairs. Not that I'm hoping for snow, but it seems the Nicollet will be a perfect place be on nights with fat, fluffy flakes drifting by.
Both Maryann and Rhonda happened to be performing on the night these photos were taken (Dec. 20), but they're bringing in a variety of Twin Cities musicians and groups. So far: Reynold Philipsek, Christine Rosholt, John Penney, Bob Fantauzzo (who now has his own monthly Saturday night gig with his group JazZen), Emily Green and Chris Lomheim, Vicky Mountain, Dorothy Doring, the Phil Mattson Singers, the Graydon Peterson Group, Three Flights Up, Joel Shapira, James Allen, and more.


Bridge the gap between technical and artful execution, creating portraits that match your vision and engage your viewers.
In this four week workshop, you will be given the opportunity to explore portraiture across a multitude of genres; including classical, lifestyle, fine art and stylised portraits. Whether you shoot client sessions, or prefer to photograph your own children or family on a daily basis, you will learn how to take portraits that allow you to communicate more than just the physical attributes of your subject. From capturing personalities, interactions between subjects and those everyday routines and events, to making conscious decisions on a technical level that will help you to achieve your desired image, are all topics covered over the duration of the course. Packed full of feature interviews with artists, visual examples and guidance, this course will equip you with the skills required to create strong, emotive portraits that truly reflect your inner artist.
Students should have a sound understanding of the exposure triangle, and be comfortable with their camera of choice.
"I enjoyed this class and would recommend it to anyone who is looking into shooting portraits more seriously. "
Australian photographer Elle Walker is a Mum of three, with a formal background in Speech Pathology and Teaching. She is passionate about non-verbal communication & expression within her imagery, and specializes in both fine art & portraiture work. Outside of photography, Elle enjoys any time spent outdoors, and loves nothing more than exploring Australia's outback with her family. She has been featured in Click Magazine and the Huffington Post, and received a commended and a highly commended in Portraiture and the Documentary/Photojournalism categories of Australian's Top Emerging Photographers 2017. She teaches two popular workshops at Click Photo School, with a focus on creative expression. Her portfolio is available here.
I enjoyed this class and would recommend it to anyone who is looking into shooting portraits more seriously. The nice thing about it is that not only does it cover what makes a nice classical portrait (lighting, etc.), Elle covers the other genres that fall into portrait photography. If you are new to taking pictures of people or looking into figuring out how to approach portrait photography with clients, I'd recommend this class. The assignments are fun and the material is informative. I am sure I'll reference it often. Elle's feedback, critique, and answers to questions are also terrific. She walked me through some processing questions via video and I really benefited from being able to view her instruction. So if you are new to taking portraits or looking into doing so more seriously, this is a great class in which to enroll.
Thank you so much, Larissa! I'm glad you enjoyed the class!
This was probably the toughest class for me- Portraits are not my specialty, but I really wanted to learn, Elle's course material was incredibly well written, but I find that her critiques were the most help for me. I had taken a number of CM courses before and find them all rewarding, but from Elle's course, I took away more knowledge about how to be more aware of lighting- whether I've blown a highlight or I've underexposed… she payed attention to the details, and I needed that. I can hear her encouragement and her lessons when I take photos now, even if they are NOT portraits, and even when I edit my photos. I highly recommend this course if you are ready to be pushed and ready to learn from your critiques. Her lessons are worth your time.
Thank you for your lovely review, Elizabeth!!


text:
Home > Illinois > Livingston County
Lincoln Elementary School serves 241 students in grades 2-3.
The percentage of students achieving proficiency in Math is 30-34% (which is approximately equal to the Illinois state average of 32%) for the 2016-17 school year. The percentage of students achieving proficiency in Reading/Language Arts is 20-24% (which is lower than the Illinois state average of 38%) for the 2016-17 school year.
The student:teacher ratio of 13:1 is lower than the Illinois state level of 16:1.
Minority enrollment is 23% of the student body (majority Hispanic), which is lower than the Illinois state average of 51%.
Lincoln Elementary School's student population of 241 students has declined by 6% over five school years.
The teacher population of 19 teachers has grown by 11% over five school years.
School Type Magnet School
Lincoln Elementary School's student:teacher ratio of 13:1 has decreased from 15:1 over five school years.
The diversity score of Lincoln Elementary School is 0.39, which is less than the diversity score at state average of 0.68. The school's diversity has stayed relatively flat over five school years.
Definition of Terms 2016-2017 School Year Data This School State Level (IL)
School District Name Pontiac CCSD 429 School District
Source: 2016-2017 (latest school year available) NCES, IL Dept. of Education
The nearest high school to Lincoln Elementary School is Pontiac High School (1.1 miles away)
The nearest middle school is Pontiac Junior High School (0.8 miles away)
The nearest elementary school is Central Elementary School (0.5 miles away)
Pontiac Central Elementary School Magnet School
117 W Livingston St
Pontiac Washington Elementary School Magnet School
400 N Morrow St
Pontiac Pontiac Junior High School Magnet School
Pontiac Livingston County Academy Special Education School
Magnet School
920 Custer Ste B
(815)844-7115 1.0 n/a 17
Pontiac Pontiac High School Magnet School
1100 E Indiana Ave
See more public schools near to Lincoln Elementary School
Review Lincoln Elementary School. Reviews should be a few sentences in length. Please include any comments on:
422 S MILL ST
705 S LOCUST ST
303 W LINCOLN ST
422 W HENRY ST
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Diversity Score: 0.39% (Top 50% in IL)
10 Advantages to Public Education
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School by Type (IL):
Blue Ribbon (205) Magnet (4,171) Charter (67) Special Education (112) Vocational (5) Alternative (152) School districts (969)
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text:
Golden Gate Bridge suicide nets delayed two years, as people keep jumping
Rachel Swan Dec. 12, 2019 Updated: Dec. 12, 2019 8:06 a.m.
Golden Gate Bridge suicide nets delayed two years, as...
1of5A construction worker standing on scaffolding works on installing large struts as part of a planned suicide net underneath the east side of the Golden Gate Bridge.Photo: Jessica Christian / The Chronicle
2of5Kymberlyrenee Gamboa and her husband, Manuel Gamboa, toss a rose from the Golden Gate Bridge in memory of their son Kyle.Photo: Mason Trinca / Special to The Chronicle
3of5Kathy Contway describes her grandson, Kyle Gamboa, who jumped off the Golden Gate Bridge to his death in 2013.Photo: Liz Moughon / The Chronicle 2018
4of5Kymberlyrenee Gamboa sets up a small memorial for her son, Kyle Gamboa, at the Golden Gate Bridge.Photo: Mason Trinca / Special to The Chronicle 2018
5of5A construction worker stands on scaffolding while working to install large struts used as part of a planned suicide net on the Golden Gate Bridge.Photo: Jessica Christian / The Chronicle
Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge suicide net, a coarse web of steel designed to catch and cradle people who jump, is two years behind schedule — a puzzling and frustrating delay for those championing the project.
Anticipated for 2021, the safety barrier will now be completed in 2023, officials with the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District said Wednesday. They cited problems with the lead contractor, Shimmick Construction Co., which was acquired by global engineering firm AECOM two years ago. The sale led to distraction and turnover, slowing many projects down, said district General Manager Denis Mulligan.
"They were slow to mobilize on the job site," Mulligan said, noting the complexity of the bridge nets, which require workers to lug heavy equipment in a harsh environment, 200 feet above the water. The net itself is an intricate skein of marine-grade stainless steel — enough to fill seven football fields.
He said AECOM lagged on building temporary construction platforms beneath the span. And the company presented an optimistic timeline that didn't pan out, underestimating the time needed to complete certain steps.
By Lizzie Johnson
Finding Kyle
By Rachel Swan
Life-saving Golden Gate Bridge net taking shape in Richmond...
Backers of the suicide barrier say a two-year delay equals 60 lives lost. At least 26 people died by plummeting from the bridge this year. Security patrols made 156 successful interventions.
"We've been averaging 30 deaths a year," said Paul Muller, president of the nonprofit Bridge Rail Foundation, which formed to end suicides at the Golden Gate. A barrier would likely do that: Studies from Harvard University and UC Berkeley suggest that a person who landed on the net is unlikely to jump again. Nine out of 10 people who are stopped from committing suicide do not kill themselves at a later date.
After the project had ground through a laborious bureaucratic approval process, Muller was baffled by the latest delay. Everything else appeared to be going smoothly: District engineers had planned for pea-soup fog and other extreme weather conditions, and most of the raw materials have been fabricated.
"This thing with the contractor sounds avoidable," he said.
District officials estimated the two-year delay from an updated schedule that AECOM submitted two weeks ago. Mulligan said the district has agreed to minor change orders that didn't affect the cost of the project. The contractor filed one big claim for $55 million after bridge staff directed the company to design work platforms that comply with federal safety standards.
Dayna Whitmer walks beneath a suicide deterrent system net at the Richmond facility where the project is being built.
Photo: Yalonda M. James / The Chronicle
The bridge district rejected the claim, but Mulligan expects more to follow. He said Shimmick and its partner in the project, Danny's Construction Co., "underbid the job" — the second-lowest bid was $30 million higher — but at that time, in 2016, the district was required by law to accept the least expensive proposal.
If you need help
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: Call 800-273-8255 to reach a counselor at a locally operated crisis center 24 hours a day for free.
Crisis Text Line: Text "Connect" to 741741 to reach a crisis counselor any time for free.
In a statement Wednesday, AECOM said its acquisition of Shimmick had not stymied the project.
"The Shimmick-Danny's Joint Venture is committed to working with our client to ensure the successful delivery of this important project," the statement said. "The acquisition ... does not have any relevance to project execution."
Nearly 1,700 people have leaped to their deaths from the orange span, which has carried a dark allure from the time it opened in 1937. The same harp-string structure that draws tourists from around the world also promises, for some, a romantic-seeming but brutal end — 250 feet in four seconds, to hit the choppy waters of the bay.
Ideas for a suicide deterrent began circulating as early as the 1950s, when officials considered stringing barbed wire above the rail. But it took decades, and a shift in societal attitudes toward suicide, for the Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transportation District to begin formal engineering studies in 2006. Another decade passed before the district's Board of Directors awarded a $211 million contract to Shimmick and Danny's to design and build the net.
Earlier this year, the project appeared to be gaining momentum. Bridge district officials gathered at a Richmond construction yard in May to show off a 300-foot mock-up of the net, its webbing supported by struts the color of ripe fruit. Roughly 80% of its components are complete, including 309 out of 369 net supports, the new bridge railing and wind fairings, and 105,000 square feet of netting, all manufactured at plants in Oregon, Illinois, Missouri, Alabama and Connecticut.
"Typically, with a big job like this, you run into problems with fabrication shops not able to supply enough materials — but that's not the case here," Mulligan said. "This time, the supply chain is delivering."
At the Richmond yard, workers are learning to tension the cables and fasten the struts before building the real net over the bay.
Now the contractor is pulling double shifts, closing three lanes of traffic five nights a week, while 50 workers lift steel and other equipment over the side of the bridge. During the day, another 50 workers toil on the platforms. Five of them jut out from beneath the bridge deck, and AECOM is building a sixth, Mulligan said.
Yet progress is sluggish.
Manuel Gamboa III works through life after his brother, Kyle, unexpectedly committed suicide by jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge in 2013. His parents have attended every Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transportation District board meeting since then to advocate for a suicide barrier. In August 2018 construction for a steel net began.
Video: Liz Moughon/The Chronicle
Kymberlyrenee Gamboa, whose 18-year-old son, Kyle, leaped to his death in September 2013, and her husband, Manuel Gamboa Jr., began attending bridge district board meetings in November of that year. Since then, they have spoken about their son, and their pain, at nearly every meeting, missing only one in six years.
"We get three minutes (during public comment) to talk about our son," Gamboa said. "So the board has gone through our whole journey of grief, right from the shock of it happening."
Kymberlyrenee Gamboa holds a photo of her son Kyle during a ceremony at the Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center Plaza.
Photo: Santiago Mejia / The Chronicle 2013
Gamboa worked for 16 years managing construction contracts for Sacramento County, so she's attuned to the inevitable complications and holdups. But for her, the bridge has a different kind of urgency. Kyle had a magnetic smile and a bedroom full of sports trophies — his senior year at Sacramento Waldorf School was just beginning when he died.
She was disappointed about the delay, and promised to keep attending every single meeting until the project is complete.
Rachel Swan is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: rswan@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @rachelswan
Rachel Swan
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Rachel Swan covers transportation for The Chronicle. She joined the paper in 2015 and has also reported on politics in Oakland and San Francisco.
Previously, Rachel held staff positions at the SF Weekly and the East Bay Express, where she covered technology, law and the arts. She holds a Bachelor's degree in rhetoric from the University of California, Berkeley.
Lateefah Simon leads BART board on track to social justice
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Advocates oppose parking garage that would bring car traffic to Transbay plaza


Making printables is my favorite thing to do - it's very fun and addictive! It used to take me hours to create printables, now I can whip them up in a matter of minutes (which is how I've been able to create over 4,000 printables). My designs are sold in my Etsy shop, how to change the layout of excel graph 1,458 free business card designs that you can download, customize, and print. 769 people downloaded them last week! All of these templates are original & unique to this site: Kevin's promise.
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There is something about writing things out on a calendar and keeping it close by that helps me stay on track, though, so I find myself reaching for monthly calendars all the time! Grab 10 different designs for 2019 monthly calendar printables here!


The caterpillar lives on Galium species.
Epirrhoe rivata inhabits riparian forests, extensive meadows, wetlands, forest-near grasslands, forest gap systems and edges in both the dry and moist area.
The pupa hibernates. The moths fly from April to September in two generations. At higher altitudes, only a single generation is formed from late May to July.
Epirrhoe rivata is widespread in Central and Southern Europe. To the north, it extends to Southern Scandinavia.


Welcome to Management Analysis. This unique feature of the Sirius GT Construction Management Accounting System for Windows polls data directly from your accounting records. Using the most current information available, it performs a series of programmed evaluations and analysis of specific Balance Sheet, P&L and Job Cost information.
Current Assets total of all accounts marked, during Chart of Accounts Maintenance, as Cash, Current Asset and Inventory/Work in Process. Long Term Assets and Other Assets are the totals of all accounts marked as such.
Current Debts total of all Current Liability Accounts. Long Term Debts is the total of all accounts marked as Long-Term Liabilities and Other Liabilities, while Owner Equity consists of all Equity Accounts.
w/Ret & Inv Ratio of Current Assets (includes AR Retainage and Inventory) divided by Current Debts (includes AP Retainage). This is a standard liquidity ratio which measures a firm's Current Assets (cash, accounts receivable, etc.) in relation to it's Current Debts (accounts payable, PR accruals, etc.) stated as a numeric value (e.g. 1.75:1). This means there are 1.75 times more current assets than current debts.
w/o Ret & Inv Similar to the above valuation except that Current Assets excludes AR retainage and inventory while Current Debts excludes AP retainage. For contractors this is often a more meaningful valuation, since AR retainage and inventory are not easily convertible to cash, while AP retainage may not be due for many months. Depending on circumstances, a valuation between 1.0 to 1.25 may signify a possible short-term cash flow problem. A value less than 1.0 would generally require some immediate attention.
The MA balance sheet consists of all information POSTED to the General Ledger within the current year fiscal period. Unposted data within the current month general ledger or other modules is not included.
Select Current Fiscal Period Specifies a range of fiscal periods for printing financial statements to a printer or on-screen. Changing fiscal periods DOES NOT alter the values in the Balance Sheet of MA, which uses only the most currently posted data.
Update Statement Specifications easily modify financial formats to include budgets, comparatives, ratios and variances for Balance Sheet, P&L and Departmental (consolidated) statements.
Print General Ledger Statements automatically prints all financial statements within the fiscal periods and statement specifications selected.
Sales total of all accounts marked as sales posted directly from the Item (AIA) Billing, T&M Billing, Order Entry, Service Manager and AR modules.
Over/Under Adj. calculated from a detailed evaluation of all job cost information related to billings, projected costs, projected profits, percentages complete, costs-to-date and profits-to-date in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for the construction industry. It is a primary component of WIP (work in process) schedules used by CPA's, bonding agencies and banks when evaluating financial information. It is often referred to as Over or Under Billings.
Earned Sales total of all sales (less) any over billings or (plus) any under billings. Within construction accounting principles, job billings are not considered earned revenue unless they meet specific criteria. Generally speaking, earned revenue is valued as costs-to-date plus a proportional amount (percent complete) of the projected profit. Accurate valuations are required for projected cost, profit and percent complete. MA performs these calculations on a phase by phase, job by job basis and summarizes the result as an Over/Under Adj. to Sales.
Cost of Goods a section of the P&L statement also referred to as Direct Job Costs. This is the total of all job costs posted from AP, PR, etc. as of the stated fiscal period.
Gross Profit sum of Earned Sales (less) Cost of Goods. This is the adjusted earned profit after subtracting direct job costs from an adjusted billings value.
Other Expenses total of all costs (advertising, rent, utilities, etc.), often referred to as General & Administrative, that are not directly related to job costs.
Net Profit sum of Gross Profit (less) Other Expenses. This figure can generally be considered a more accurate and reliable value of financial performance than one derived from standard P&L statements that do not contain accurate projection and billing adjustments.
This basic formula displays the primary totals of the P&L statement as percentages to total earned sales. Earned Sales (A), always shown as 100%, less Cost of Goods (B) equals Gross Profit (C) less Other Expense (D) equals Net Profit (E).
Contracts total of all original contract values (selling price) for all jobs marked as Active.
Change Orders total of all Approved change orders (selling price) from all jobs marked as Active.
Total Contracts total of all original job contracts plus all Approved change orders for Active jobs.
Projected Costs an important job cost valuation derived from a category based phase-by-phase, job-by-job analysis of the most currently available information. Labor projections are based on careful evaluations of original budgets, costs-to-date figures and estimates of percentages complete from field report entries. Material, Subcontractor, Equipment, General and other types of cost projections are calculated differently, utilizing the most current estimates, costs-to-date and committed values from Purchase Orders.
Projected Profit value of all Total Contracts less Projected Costs.
Completion % Costs-to-Date divided by the Projected Costs yields Percent Complete.
Profit-to-Date total Projected Profit (all active jobs) times the Completion % equals the profit-to-Date. This is the proportionate value of the all Active job profits that you have earned to date.
Active % total Projected Profits divided by Total Contracts, displayed as a percentage of Total Contracts, for Active jobs only. Also referred to as a gross profit rate.
Closed % total actual profits divided by the Total Contracts, displayed as a percentage of Total Contracts, for all jobs marked as Closed.
This is a useful comparison of current vs. past job profitability.
Compares Estimated vs. Actual costs for various Closed job cost categories.
Labor $ actual total gross wages (e.g. 40 hrs. X $10 hr. rate = $ 400) plus all related payroll fringes (FICA, FUTA, SUTA, Workman's Comp, Employer paid union benefits, etc.) posted to jobs that are now Closed.
Labor Hrs total of all regular, time and a half and double time or premium hours posted to jobs now Closed.
Avg. Man Hr value of Labor $ divided by Labor Hrs displayed as an average cost per each man hour for Closed jobs only.
Material $ Since all cost code category descriptions within Sirius GT are user definable, with the exception of labor, this is the total value of all costs posted to User Cost 1 (usually defined as material) for Closed jobs.
Lab $ / Mat $ total Labor $ divided by total Mat $ displayed as a percentage of labor to material for Closed jobs (e.g. - a value of 85.10 means that labor costs were approximately 85% of material costs. This also means that for every dollar of material, it takes 85 cents of labor to install it. While this value can and often does fluctuate for various types of jobs, tracking it as an average, on a monthly basis, can serve as a useful labor productivity tool.
Assuming the average mix of labor vs material for most completed jobs has remained fairly standard: an Actual increasing value, month to month, may signify a loss of labor productivity, while a decreasing value depicts a productivity increase. This is especially noteworthy if the Estimated value, on a monthly basis, remains relatively constant.
Sirius GT maintains costs and billing information, for all jobs, on a cost-to-date, month-to-date and current (usually defined as weekly) basis. Once posted, these values are immediately available to MA, regardless of any month end financial statement preparations.
Monthly Billings total of all job related billings, for the current monthly period, from AR, T&M Billing, Item (AIA) Billing, Order Entry and Service Manager.
Monthly Costs total job costs posted, for the current monthly period, from all cost categories.
Reg. Labor Hrs total of all monthly regular job related labor hours posted from PR or Job Detail Input (PR adjustments or 3rd party PR input).
O/T Labor Hrs total of any premium monthly labor hours posted.
Labor Cost total of all gross wages, regular and premium, plus all PR fringe costs posted for the current month. This value does not include any additional labor overhead costs, assigned through the job cost feature of allocating an additional percentage of gross labor as overhead, above and beyond actual fringe costs.
Labor Fringe % actual monthly labor fringe costs divided by the actual monthly labor gross wages displayed as a percentage to monthly gross wages. Often referred to as the labor burden percentage.
Act Avg Man Hr actual monthly Labor Cost divided by the total monthly Reg. and O/T Labor Hrs. displayed as an average cost per hour.
Est Avg Man Hr all Active jobs estimated regular, half and double time hours divided by the estimated total gross and fringe labor costs. This is not a monthly value, but one based on active jobs only and used as a basis for comparison to actual.


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text:
Sir Michael Caine: I'm done with movies
Sir Michael Caine is "more or less done" with movies. The 88-year-old acting legend doubts that he will ever return to the big screen as he...
Halloween Kills star Jamie Lee Curtis hates horror movies
Jamie Lee Curtis thinks hating horror movies has helped her 'Halloween Kills' performance. The 62-year-old actress – who is reprising her role of Laurie Strode in...
Zachary Levi wishes he'd had more to do in Thor movies
Zachary Levi was disappointed with his role in the 'Thor' movies. The 40-year-old actor – who played Warrior Three member Fandral in 'The Dark World' and...
Blade director Bassam Tariq has more freedom than other Marvel movies
Bassam Tariq has revealed his 'Blade' film isn't "as boxed in" to the comics as other Marvel movies. The 34-year-old director – who signed up to...
Brendan Fraser added to two new movies
Brendan Fraser has been added to the cast of two films. The 52-year-old actor will star in Martin Scorsese's 'Killers of the Flower Moon' and the...
Michael Sheen credits Disney movies for his success
Michael Sheen credits watching Disney films for his success. The 52-year-old actor has been praised for portraying real-life figures such as former Prime Minister Tony Blair...
Josh O'Connor excited for return to indie movies
Josh O'Connor is excited to return to indie movies after 'The Crown'. The 31-year-old actor portrayed Britain's Prince Charles for two seasons of the lavish Netflix...


text:
Trilepida jani est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Leptotyphlopidae.

Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique du Minas Gerais au Brésil.

Étymologie
Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Giorgio Jan.

Publication originale
 Pinto & Fernandes, 2012 : A New Blind Snake Species of the Genus Tricheilostoma from Espinhaço Range, Brazil and Taxonomic Status of Rena dimidiata (Jan, 1861) (Serpentes: Epictinae: Leptotyphlopidae).  Copeia, , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Epictinae
Serpent (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Minas Gerais

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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JoeyGunz replied to El Presidente's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
JoeyGunz replied to ohbob976's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
JoeyGunz replied to BellevilleMXZ's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
Exchanged contracts last Friday, we complete on the 15th, I'm not minamilst but I'm compact (it does help having a few thousand foot of warehouse at work) looking forward to finally having a garden though.
JoeyGunz replied to Nekhyludov's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
Got summoned for Jury Service at the Royal Courts of Justice was informed it would be at least 2 weeks and to make arrangements at work if it was to be a longer case. I run my own business, I put a lot of preparation to clear my desk and have everything run as smoothly as I could in my absence. I do work with my father so I do have cover to an extent. Provisionaly book 2 weeks off, head in on the Monday for my first day on Jury Service, they present a deck of playing cards, each card to represent one of the members of the jury and my card never came out the deck. So I was sent home. I took the Tuesday off work to reward myself. Still it was a nice day out and a beautiful building to visit.
JoeyGunz replied to treberty's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
Sautter's sells his Cuban Custom Roll's in England. It is possible, Laurence discusses the process of importing them in one of his reviews.
down to sub 95kg but haven't been pro active enough with it to be honest.
JoeyGunz replied to JGD's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
Another vote for custom rolls.
With no fore-warning and without changing my lifestyle. 2-3 months max before I'd run out of cash and resources. I would adapt and overcome and no doubt live a comfortable life no matter what though.
JoeyGunz replied to Luca's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
I already follow a plant-based diet but will look to go more whole foods. Get back to exercising, Stronglifts 5x5 3 times a week and a few 5k morning runs. Re-incorporate Resistant Starch and maybe throw in a Potato Hack or 2.
Got a good bit to shift for summer!
JoeyGunz replied to BMWBen's topic in Cigars Discussion Forum "the water hole"
I'd buy a converted / convert a shipping container into a pop-up kitchen / supper club.


text:
Charrette
Kinni River Corridor Project
Kinni Corridor Collaborative
Tech Talk May 18: Hydro Facilities and Relicensing
Watch the full Tech Talk
Lesley Brotkowski
Lesley is a Senior Ecologist with TRC, a national engineering, consulting and construction management firm providing integrated services to the environmental, energy and infrastructure markets. TRC includes over 3,000 technical professionals and support personnel at more than 100 offices throughout the U.S., with local offices located in Milwaukee, Brookfield and Madison, Wisconsin and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Ms. Brotkowski received her Bachelor of Science Degree in Biology from Caroll College in 2000 and her Master of Science Degree in Conservation Biology & Ecology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2003. She specializes in FERC hydroelectric regulatory processes, including licensing and surrender, and ecological assessments for renewable energy projects, including wind and solar. Lesley has extensive experience conducting habitat assessments, natural resource management and restoration projects, and endangered species consultation and surveys. She works with a diverse clientele, including utility companies, commercial and residential developers, state and federal governments, municipalities, private landowners, and conservation organizations.
Lesley has worked on hydroelectric projects ranging from Nebraska to Maine, including projects in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. In 2014 she was a key member of the TRC team who provided an alternatives analysis to the City of River Falls to help determine a course of action for the future of the two hydroelectric facilities. TRC worked closely with City staff and compiled a list of studies likely to be requested and associated cost estimates for each option.
Mark Lobermeier, P.E.
Mark Lobermeier with SEH Inc. serves as the overall program manager for the consultant team assisting the City with the Kinnickinnic Corridor Planning effort. He has 34 years of industry experience as a design engineer, project manager, and principal in charge.
Mark received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Wisconsin Platteville in 1983. His project experience includes watershed management, hydraulic and hydrologic studies, flood routing and protection, dam stability, commercial and residential site development, wetland management and ordinance preparation. Mark has given presentations on a variety of topics including water resources design and planning and wetland management at local and national levels.
Mark was the project manager and principal author for the City of River Falls' groundbreaking 205J Watershed Plan for the Kinnickinnic River and its Tributaries in 1995. The plan resulted in the City's efforts to minimize impervious cover associated with development to reduce chemical pollution and thermal impacts to the river. Mark was instrumental in the establishment of the City's Stormwater Utility – an important funding mechanism for implementing potential elements of the Corridor Plan and was appointed as the initial Chair of the City's Stormwater Utility Committee in 1998. He was a principal contributor to the 1999 report "Non-point Source Control Plan for the Kinnickinnic River Priority Watershed Project" and also had significant roles in the development of the City's stormwater ordinances and the South Fork Surface Water Treatment Feasibility Study on the University of Wisconsin River Falls Campus.
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text:
Turkey's Civil Revolt: Istanbul Rising
Gezi Park
On Friday, May 31, Turkish riot police fired tear gas and pepper spray into a peaceful protest held to save Gezi Park, one of the last green areas in central Istanbul. This set off the biggest civil uprising in the history of the Turkish Republic, calling for Prime Minister Erdogan's resignation. The unrest has spread like wildfire to more than 60 cities where protests are still ongoing. We landed in Istanbul the day it all kicked off.
Gezi Park is a small rectangle of grass and trees just north of Taksim Square, in the center of European Istanbul. Separated by concrete barriers from a particularly congested traffic circle, it doesn't have a lot going for it in the way of charm or landscaping. But it does have trees—six hundred and six of them, according to some reports—which makes it a distinct space in the heart of one of the world's fastest-developing cities.
Last year, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that Gezi Park would be levelled to make room for a reconstruction of the Halil Pasa Artillery barracks, which had been built there under Sultan Selim III, more than two hundred years ago; the reconstructed barracks would then be converted into a shopping mall. On May 28th, a peaceful demonstration convened in Gezi Park to protest the bulldozing of the first trees. The weather was, and continues to be, beautiful. But over the course of the week, Occupy Gezi transformed from what felt like a festival, with yoga, barbecues, and concerts, into what feels like a war, with barricades, plastic bullets, and gas attacks. Just before dawn on Friday, police raided the demonstrators' encampment with tear gas and compressed water
City: Istanbul
CC available: EN
Resolution max: 1080p
Provided by: VICE
Topic: Gezi Park
Type: CC
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text:
Йорг Фідлер (,  21 лютого 1978, Лейпциг, Німеччина) — німецький фехтувальник на шпагах, бронзовий призер Олімпійських ігор 2004 року, дворазовий чемпіон Європи.

Виступи на Олімпіадах

Посилання

Уродженці Лейпцига
Німецькі фехтувальники
Німецькі бронзові олімпійські медалісти
Бронзові призери літніх Олімпійських ігор 2004
Фехтувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2000
Фехтувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2004
Фехтувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2012
Чемпіони Європи з фехтування