The following transcript is taken from a live chat with Jerry B. Jenkins on leftbehind.com on July 10, 2002 between 8-9 pm C.S.T. and is property of Tyndale House Publishers. All rights are reserved. Any or all of the following transcript may not be duplicated in any format, online or offline, without the written permission of the Tyndale House Publishers.
Moderator: Welcome to The Remnant Chat with Jerry B. Jenkins. Jerry will be joining us live momentarily. The transcript of this Chat will be available on leftbehind.com on July 12.
NOTE: Tonight's chat is about The Remnant and may contain some "spoiler" questions and answers. If you don't want to hear about The Remnant story line, we would recommend skipping this chat.
Tonight's chat with Jerry will be a moderated chat. This means that you will be able to ask Jerry any question you want, but not all questions will be answered due to time constraints. Also, please note that some questions that are posted were received in advance of this chat from leftbehind.com members.
We would like to extend a special welcome to Jerry B. Jenkins. Jerry joins us from his "cave" in Colorado Springs, CO. As many of you are aware, Jerry has written 12 New York Times bestsellers (not including The Remnant) and is also the writer of the nationally syndicated sports comic strip Gil Thorp.
Moderator: Heard you just got back from DC… What was happening there?
Jerry Jenkins: Lots of media. Radio, TV, newspapers. Was itnerviewed today for Nightline Closeup to air the week of the 20th. And I was learning to spell "interviewed."
Moderator: Let's take our first question from Holly—Jerry, since none of the main 3 characters died in The Remnant, I'm wondering if you have feelings towards these characters and also hate to find them dead?
Jerry Jenkins: I'd hate to find any of them dead, but soon two of them will be.
tribforcer: I guess it's futile to ask which two? lol. Jerry are you planning on or have you already sold the rights to any more of the books?
Jerry Jenkins: The rights ot future books and their movie rights are in litigation right now, so when their disposition has been settled, we'd like to sell them, yes.
LuvBuckov: Will people be able to have more children during the millenium?
Jerry Jenkins: Yes, and they'll have a thousand years to accomplish it. This is for those who are alive on earth when the Millennium begins.
Moderator: This question comes from Beth—Does it excite you as much to write this series as it does for us to read them? and how do you feel when you type the very last word?
Jerry Jenkins: Oh yes, and there's nothing like the feeling of finishing one.
kgreen20: Any chance you and Tim LaHaye will write a series on the Millennium when you've finished this current one?
Jerry Jenkins: Tyndale would like us to do a novel for each year of the Millennium. Just kidding, but it is unlikely because the M is 1000 years of peace, and without conflict, there's little basis for fiction… We will include some of the Millennium in the 14th book and then get to the final judgment of Satan.
Jerry Jenkins: It's important when witnessing to Jewish friends that you establish that our faith is based on their religion and beliefs. Jesus was a Jew, as were his disciples. Acknowledge that the only place we differ is that we believe Jesus is the Messiah they have sought. Just invite them to investigate how he fulfills the prophecies of the OT.
Teea: I also have some Jewish friends. They have a new father that is Christian. It has helped them see that maybe there is more to this "Jesus" thing than they first thought.
corinthos9: Do plans still exist to produce a Left Behind television series?
Jerry Jenkins: TV series: it's in development now.
hattielover: are buck and chloe going to make it all the way to the glorious appering?
kgreen20: Yes. Bruce was the first to die.
YoungTribForce2003: Please say Buck will make to the G.A.
kgreen20: I don't want Rayford, Chloe, or Buck to die! Couldn't they all survive to see Jesus return?
Jerry Jenkins: They could but it wouldn't. Wouldn't be realistic… Fiction, ironically, has to be believable.
TammyH: I recognize Caleb and Nahum of the 3 men that show up but where did you come up with Christopher?
Jerry Jenkins: I made him up.
ForeverEyes: Mr. Jenkins… Is it the result of somewhat anti-muslim, post-9/11 feelings that caused you to have muslims stand against Antichrist, even if they are not Christians? Did you wish to show them in a more favorable light?
Jerry Jenkins: Yes, although they will not be happy that we are still quite clear in showing that they can get to God only through Jesus. One of the strengths of the devout Muslim, however, is that he will resist an all-inclusive, one-world religion, as would many others, including Jews and believers in Christ.
corinthos9: do you have any information about what is going to be on the iLumina Left Behind CD?
Jerry Jenkins: I've seen samples of iLumina and it's going to be spectacular.
jshrewz: With armageddon right around the corner and all the conflict that will insue, will this all fit into one novel or will you split it up into two?
Jerry Jenkins: I could say it, but it might not be true.
shellbell: I have trouble with the Chloe character, I am a mother and cannot see myself jetting off for adventure. I would have to be with my child, do you have a female advisor for that perspective?
Jerry Jenkins: I couldn't see myself doing that either, but I sure see lots of people leaving their babies at day care all day, and I would never do that either.
Jerry Jenkins: Thanks. I don't see anywhere in Scripture where it says the Holy Spirit is removed. How would people come to Christ if that were so? The restraining influence, the pre-rapture church, is gone. But we know people become believers during the Tribulation because Revelation talks about the martyrs that come out of the T.
Jerry Jenkins: I use an unimpeachable source for weapons technology, and remember, the books are set in the future. Some of the weapons I have invented have ammunition clips with a magazine facility built in.
Grace: Why do you think the rapture will be pre-trib as opposed to mid-trib?
Jerry Jenkins: We believe Jesus said he was not willing that his people who endure the tribulation. While there are educated and devout believers on both sides of this issue, ours is certainly not a minority view.
asaf: How many years of the millenium will you describe in the last book after the G.A.?
Jerry Jenkins: No idea until I get there. Not likely too many, as we'll get back to the M in book 14.
Rockfish: Mr. Jenkins, someone mentioned on the Tim & Jerry messageboard a couple days ago that the release date for Book 11 is in April instead of June 2003. Is that true? If so, what's the exact date in April?
Jerry Jenkins: Yes, and I don't know the exact date. The date I must concern myself with is 9/3. my due date to the publishers.
Jerry Jenkins: 2: a prequel that includes background on all the characters before the rapture, then what happens in heaving after the rapture--the marriage supper of the Lamb, the Judgment seat, etc., and a sequel that tells the final judgment on Satan.
rena: what happens to the undecideds that make it to the Glorious Appearing? if that's even possible?
Jerry Jenkins: Actually, it is possible, though unlikely. You'll find out in GA.
tribchic12: what is the next book in the series called??
Jerry Jenkins: Armageddon, then Glorious Appearing, then the prequel (currently untitled), then the Final Judgment (working title, subject to change).
shellbell: When I am reading one of the books I tend to read slow at the very end because I don't want it to end and get a feeling of sadness. Since you are nearing the end of the series are you having any feelings like this?
bard37: At what point did you determine the number of books in the series and were you working off of a master outline or did you just take the books as they came?
Jerry Jenkins: By book 4 we knew it would take 12 to get to the end of the Tribulation.
Van chrissy: Will there be any "action figures?"
Jerry Jenkins: Not if I have anything to say about it.
hattielover: in this book , mac is called by another name. is this his new name?
Jerry Jenkins: Did you think Mac was his real name?
Jerry Jenkins: Not sure. 6-8 months, I think.
Grace: What made you decide to speed up the end of The Remnant?
Jerry Jenkins: There are not as many prophesied events in the years from where we started to where we ended, and if we didn't get to year 6, we'd never get to the GA within two more books.
LMSCHRISTIAN9: Isn't it true that you are coming out with a book about those who were saved after reading the Left Behind series?
Jerry Jenkins: Yes. A writer friend in California is writing a book called These Will Not be Left Behind.
LuvBuckov: Am I to understand (this is a totally new concept for me) but people will have MORE children during the Millenium?
tribforcer: Now that's the answers I'm used to Jerry giving.
Joyce: On page 230, God is refered to as an "august God". Was that a typo intending to say "awesome" or something like that, or does it have another meaning I don't understand?
Jerry Jenkins: I meant September.
Jerry Jenkins: Just kidding. August means stalwart.-a typo…i should say noot!!! right. I'm a grate profreader.
Acts13_15thru17: You have said that there is a possibility that you can carry on the thoughts and feelings of someone in Heaven, after they have passed, in the following books? OR has the person that told me this been lying to me?
Jerry Jenkins: If a perspective character dies before the GA, the next time we switch to his or her perspective, it would be in heaven.
Smiley87: Why did u decide to split up the Trib Force?
Jerry Jenkins: Their safehouse was compromised, and the housing marketing was getting a little thin.
LuvBuckov: Do you ever read any of the fan fiction that floats around? Well not the fan fiction but for example, have you heard of the Nicolae and the Bunny stories?
Jerry Jenkins: No, and from the title it doesn't sound as if I would care to.
elfangor262: have you already decided who dies before the great appearing and who lives, or do you decide that as you go along?
Jerry Jenkins: I don't decide. I discover. But I have already discovered that one.
tribforce81: Do you feel connected to the characters, like they are apart of you now since you've been writing this series for sometime.
jmnash: I've always been taught that after the Rapture those who've heard the gospel and rejected it are sent a "strong delusion" (2Thes. 2:11) and they get no second chance. That the only ones saved after that are those who've never heard the gospel preached. Care to comment?
Jerry Jenkins: We believe that applies to people who have heard the gospel after the rapture and have rejected; they run the risk that when they want to change their minds, they won't be able to.
John 3:10: That is so cool!
shellbell: One of the things I love about the books is you can be anywhere, an airport, the doctor, the salon and people will come right up to you and start talking about the books. They will tell you their story and how they had an impact on their lives, I love that!
Jerry Jenkins: Me too, and whenever I see someone reading one, I ask them what they're reading. They tell me about the series and ask if I've read any of them. I say, "People tell me I look like the guy on the back." They often say, "You know, you really do." When I tell them it's actually me, they often say, "Nice to meet you, Dr. LaHaye."
nfljuniorman: How much of Armageddon would you say you have written as we speak?
Acts13_15thru17: Someone told me that Scooby Doo Makes an appearance in The Remnant, true or not? RUH ROH!
Jerry Jenkins: True. Or not. I'd hate to imply he was left behind.
kgreen20: Scooby Doo is left behind??? Say that's not so!!! LOL.
Becky: Jerry you've always said that you just find your characters dead. Does that mean you still don't know exactly who lives and dies until you find them that way in the next books?
Jerry Jenkins: Well, that's a little overstated. I write as a process of discovery, but I'm discovering what I've made up in my imagination.
Smiley87: What is suppose to happen after God comes and sets His Millennium Kingdom?
Jerry Jenkins: The final judgment of Satan and Associates.
Acts13_15thru17: ergh.. Wouldn't Antarctica be an Ideal Place to "hide" believers? Carpathia doesn't seem to have interest there.
Jerry Jenkins: Hide in Antactica? I should think heat seeking technology would make humans fairly easy to find there.
Jerry Jenkins: What's to say about it? Is anyone there? I think it's mentioned in The Remnant, or at least hinted at when the sun-intensity plague hits. It's cool.
hattielover: jerry, you are a very funny man.
kgreen20: Seems to me they'd have to be WELL-dressed for a stay in Antartica!
tribforce81: What has been the most challenging thing you have faced while writing the LB Series?
Jerry Jenkins: Oppression. Unexplained fatigue. Ill-timed sickness, computer glitches.
TammyH: You keep writing and we'll keep praying for you. Probably Satan is working overtime in your life because of the witness of all the books.
YoungTribForce2003: Will Rayford see the GA? I think you favor him.
Jerry Jenkins: Rayford will see the GA from one end of it or the other (from below or from above).
tribforcer: I thought so, you always crack me up with the things you (find). Just like when David lost his breakfast on that guy. I was rotfl.
Jerry Jenkins: Me too. I hope they don't die during the rapture, as many will. And only 1 in 4 alive after the rapture will survive to the Glorious Appearing.
YoungTribForce2003: Don't let Buck die!!!
Jerry Jenkins: I can't protect Buck. I'm in Colorado.
LMSCHRISTIAN9: Mr. Jenkins, I've got to go. I really appreciate you answering my questions. I just want to say that the series has really helped me strengthen my relationship with CHRIST. You have made my day.
tribforcer: Jerry speaking of Nick, did he like the sun so much in The Remnant because he is getting home sick?
Jerry Jenkins: Of course. He missed the heat.
ForeverEyes: Mr. Jenkins, besides knowing some about weapons technology myself (:-D) I have another question… Do you know how many people have come to Christ as a result of the Left Behind books?
BTW: thanks for writing these books! They are so cool, and I read each new release as soon as it comes out (or before)!! Keep it up! God bless you!
Jerry Jenkins: More than 3,000 have told us they have become believers.
Jan: Mr. Jenkins, make that 3001! May God bless you.
Jerry Jenkins: I didn't. The angel had inside information.
kgreen20: Yeah, but you put that inside information in the angel's head.
hattielover: ok. let's cut to the chase. what is up with leah and tsion???!!!!
Jerry Jenkins: The chase is up.
ClassicLady: hmmmm how do we know you are the REAL jerry jenkins? *smile* …..
Jerry Jenkins: Let me check the mirror….yep, it's me.
Jerry Jenkins: Guilty as charged.
jesus_dicipal: mr.jenkins carpathia is starting to show no mercy will he kill leon or viv sooon???
Jerry Jenkins: I hope so.
kgreen20: The Antichrist and the False Prophet will be thrown into the Lake of Fire when Jesus returns. They won't even wait for the Great White Throne Judgment. Isn't that right?
Jerry Jenkins: and who is the FP?
Jerry Jenkins: Are you sure?
John 3:10: wait!! U r saying Leon may not be the false prophet!!!!!! did that austrailian guy who had that black jett call Leon the false prophet? U know the one that got shot with his wife at a bar waiting on Rayford while he tested the saber?
TammyH: isn't it Leon because he testifies about the miracles of and that Nicolae raised him.
Jerry Jenkins: Could be Leon then, eh?
ForeverEyes: But who is if he is not? Has he just been acting as false prophet, such as having the power to call down fire from heaven….
Becky: Since we're already into six years wouldn't we already know that Leon is the false prophet?
Jerry Jenkins: I'm just saying that it's not like he's admitted it or wears a badge or anything.
elfangor262: what exactly is the lake of fire?
Jerry Jenkins: It's a lake…of fire.
elfangor262: why do i suddenly feel stupid?
Jerry Jenkins: You're not stupid, but a characteristic of our interpretation is that when possible, we take this stuff literally.
ClassicLady: JJ- I am wondering how you respond to those who will argue there are no second chances once the rapture takes place….?
Jerry Jenkins: I point them to the verse in Revelation where the angel shows John the multitude that no many can number who were martyred during the Tribulation. If no one can become a believer, how can they become martyrs? forgive the cliche, but that's what it's all about.
tribforcer: Jerry I just wanted to say we love you brother and thanks so much for all your hard work and this little session, just like always you raised my spirits.
bigkey: Thanks for all you do, Jerry!
shellbell: I want to thank you too, and I give the books as gifts every chance I get. Please keep up the good work.
Tom Crooze: You can be my wingman anytime!
Jerry Jenkins: Thanks for all the kind comments. Great to be with you.
coolcuriousgirl: Jerry, Have you seen the mainstream media take the LB series and concepts of the tribulation, etc. more seriously after 9/11? If so how?
Jerry Jenkins: With the current book being the fourth straight to debut #1 on all the bestseller charts, they can't ignore us much anymore. Though two days ago the NY Times began an article by saying that The Remnant would likely be the best selling novel of the year but that unless you knew where to look you probably wouldn't find it. If I'm not mistaken, they're everywhere.
bigkey: They are everywhere, I've bought them at Wal-Mart!!
ForeverEyes: If I am half as successful or half as good a writer as you are, Mr. Jenkins, I will be so good! LoL.
Tom Crooze: How did you feel about last week's Time magazine article?
Jerry Jenkins: Could have been better, but it could have been much worse too. It gave incredible exposure to the series.
eli_moishe_resurected: In Revelation the Glorious Appearing seems to be before the battle of Armageddon… could you help me understand this?
Jerry Jenkins: Read Revelation Unveiled by Dr. LaHaye and Are We Living in the End Times?
Jerry Jenkins: if you're addicted, I'm a supplier.
LuvBuckov: Mr. J, would you finish the books in heaven if they don't get finished before Jesus comes back?
Jerry Jenkins: We'll tell it orally at Dr. LaHaye's mansion, but you have to promise to stay off the grass.
Becky: Jerry you have such a wonderful sense of humor. Thanks so much for the series they've been such a blessing to so many. May God keep on richly blessing you and your family.
patto: Hey Jerry, in the last book will you write parts about the 1000 year reign of Christ?
Moderator: OK, that was a fast hour. Here's the last question.
Van: Thanks for all the answers Jerry!
Jerry Jenkins: space them out so far?! Ten books in 7 years? Who else writes that fast?
fortbethel: We need a, 'Left Behind' theme park!
Jerry Jenkins: I'd ride the Carpathia carousel.
LuvBuckov: Via con Dios Mr. J! Mucho amor!
ForeverEyes: keep writing till the rapture, Mr. Jenkins!
Moderator: OK, everybody say good bye to Jerry….
ForeverEyes: God Bless, Mr. Jenkins. My prayers are with you. Keep up the good work!! Can't wait for the next LB book!!! Go with God! Bye!
elfangor262: Bye, Mr. Jenkins, and thanks for everything you do.
asaf: Bye Jerry, keep up the good work and God Bless You!
kgreen20: I've really enjoyed this chat, Mr. Jenkins.
Sara Ryan: Good Bye And thanks a millenium.
ForeverEyes: God Bless, Mr. Jenkins. My prayers are with you. Keep up the good work!! Can't wait for the next LB book!!! Go with God!
Jerry Jenkins: Thanks for all the kindnesses and for your patience. It's been fun.
Trisha: bye,Jerry. I enjoyed reading everything!
ForeverEyes: God Bless, Mr. Jenkins! Bye and keep up the good work!
LuvBuckov: Via con Dios Mr. J! Muchos amor!
Jerry Jenkins: Keep reading, keep looking up, and keep telling others the good news… Thanks all.


IT WAS A COMPLETE SUCCESS!!!
14th Cruise Jobs & Hotel Career Lounge in Berlin on 28 February 2019!
Many thanks to ALL who took part in this day, and to the interest and effort shown!
Many thanks to all applicants and interested parties with a long journey – we were very happy about your presence and hope that you received one or more interesting job offers afterwards.
We would also like to thank all the exhibitors present. Your presence and informative presentations have made it easy for applicants to become curious about the cruise industry.
P.S.: Remember…. after the job fair is before the job fair, so we are planning the 15th Cruise Jobs & Hotel Career Lounge for late summer 2019 – information will follow shortly!


We are extremely pleased to share photos of our Stud dog Bohdan Von Eden Tal. Bohdan is the son of Saygun Von Jordan Haus, owned by Vom Eden Tal Kennel, the son of 3 X SG, 2 X SG1(USA) Yoll von der Königsgarde, and grandson of the legend, SCHH3 2X VA1 Remo vom Fichtenschlag. He is big, bold and has an outstanding ball drive and disposition.


text:
100 innovations in law
By Jason Krause
April 1, 2015, 5:30 am CDT
Law is change.
People tend to think of the law as slow-moving, immutable and disconnected from daily life. And lawyers have a reputation of being cautious and resistant to change. But in fact, when technology or sweeping changes are necessary to better serve their clients, improve access to justice or simply make their work easier, lawyers can be pretty progressive.
While fundamental change can take decades, in the past 100 years legal professionals have eagerly adopted technological innovations, streamlined the law and launched new practice areas that were unimaginable just a century ago. The innovation of written laws dates to 1750 B.C., but many of the most important innovations in the law have come in just the last century. Here is a list of 100 technological, intellectual and practical innovations that have fundamentally changed the way law is practiced.
INNOVATIONS IN THE COURTROOM
The oldest known shorthand services were offered in 63 B.C. by one Marcus Tullius Tiro. And in 1913 the stenotype machine made it possible for trained professionals to make a verbatim record. But in 1944, Public Law No. 222 launched the creation of a court reporters system in the U.S. district courts, setting the stage for lawyers (on television and in the real world) to dramatically turn to the court reporter and ask for a pivotal piece of testimony to be read back.
Similarly, recorded depositions changed the litigator's relationship to witness testimony. The change began with the advent of electrical recording and amplification in the 1920s. In today's global economy, getting all the relevant witnesses and experts in one place for a legal proceeding is often impossible, making recorded testimony essential.
Video depositions were a controversial innovation when they first appeared in the 1970s, with fears of possible grandstanding, trick questions designed to inspire anger or other forms of manipulation arising as they can when cameras enter the discussion. But since the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure were amended in 1970 to allow nonstenographic ways of recording depositions, video depositions have become the way testimony is delivered in many matters.
By the early 2000s, deposition-transcript software became an essential tool for preparing deposition summaries, especially when working with the ubiquitous video depositions. A 1946 federal law expressly banned electronic broadcasting of criminal court proceedings. But in July 1991, a pilot program began in two U.S. appellate courts and six U.S. district courts. The pilot did not succeed in convincing the U.S. Judicial Conference to support cameras in federal courts, though a second pilot, for civil proceedings only, was put in place in June 2011.
With the rise of Court TV (now TruTV) in 1991 and, more recently, the emergence of social media, the public has come to expect instant, unvarnished access to state court proceedings as they happen. In the late 1980s, electronic terminals for e-filing documents first appeared in federal courts, moving online in the 2000s, before e-filing became mandatory in many jurisdictions.
EVIDENCE IN THE COURTROOM
All lawyers want their audience to hang on to every word of their carefully prepared statements. Unfortunately, science shows that immediately after a 10-minute presentation, listeners forget half of what is said. But a truly effective audiovisual presentation increases retention by 45 percent. Presentation software such as Microsoft's PowerPoint (1990) helped. Now 3D animation, video and medical imaging technology are essential parts of many litigators' toolkits.
Geolocation technology was opened to civilian use in 2000, allowing Internet service providers to determine where a subscriber is by tracking the user's Internet protocol address. Law enforcement can now use it to track almost anyone; courts use it to resolve jurisdictional disputes, and attorneys have subpoenaed the information in countless cases. Unreliable witnesses are certainly not a new innovation. But the science that demonstrates just how unreliable eyewitness testimony can be is relatively new, helping to keep countless citizens from being unjustly sent to prison based on one witness's testimony. Studies considering the reliability of child witnesses were published in the mid-1980s.
Recorded interrogations finally made it less likely that police can coerce or abuse suspects during interrogations—and similarly protect police accused unjustly of misconduct. Jurisdictions began requiring recorded interrogations at the beginning of this century after high-profile cases like New York City's Central Park Jogger trial of 1990 were upended, lending credence to the defendants' claims of coerced confessions. The DNA evidence and perpetrator's confession that freed the five defendants came 12 years after the first convictions.
The smartphone camera, introduced in 2000 (there is some debate whether it first came out in South Korea or Japan), has put law enforcement in a new and often unflattering light. The death of Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York, resulting from an encounter with police and recorded by a bystander in 2014, stirred a hornet's nest of racial protest, questioning of police tactics and some public doubt about the use of grand juries when one voted not to indict the police officer involved.
And now an ongoing movement will likely wire more police with body cameras—in addition to car-mounted police cameras—providing more protections to suspects as well as police officers. Perhaps this effort can be traced to those ride-along episodes of Cops, the reality TV series that premiered in March 1981.
EVIDENTIARY INNOVATIONS
Over the past 100 years, forensic evidence has been one area of law in continual flux. Many types of evidence have come into vogue, only later to be discredited, but the field is continually evolving and improving. For example, before DNA analysis was invented, blood typing first appeared in the 1920s to narrow the field of suspects in a matter by blood type, or to tie a child and alleged parent, which led to …More accurate genetic paternity testing in the 1960s, providing more than 80 percent accuracy rates. Those rates have improved to 99.99 percent accuracy in modern times, and it saved the career of Maury Povich, daytime TV's purveyor of baby-daddy DNA tests. As early as the 1980s, digital forensic investigations were able to recover incriminating emails in the Iran-Contra investigations. Today, certified forensic examiners use specialized software and tools to collect, analyze and review digital evidence in a forensically accurate format. Most famously, the BTK serial killer was caught through evidence found on a computer disk.
Fire and explosion analysis has been facing court challenges, especially since the National Fire Protection Association issued a 1992 guide emphasizing scientific methods of analysis rather than relying on firefighter experience. Firearm and tool-mark identification is one of the oldest forensic technologies, but the science came into maturity in the 1920s when comparison microscopes and other advances made the practice more scientifically precise.
As the war on drugs took off in the early 1970s, gas chromatography (with modern techniques developed in 1950) and mass spectrometry (with modern techniques dating back to 1918 and 1919) were used to identify controlled substances in support of drug cases.
And in 1985, national guidelines from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration made accident reconstruction into a more rigorous practice area.
The granddaddy of all forensic tools, fingerprinting, dates back to around 200 B.C. in China. But in the 1930s, criminal investigators discovered latent prints could be left on fabrics, including the inside of gloves. The FBI's Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, a national register of fingerprints, was launched on July 28, 1999, and revolutionized crime fighting, becoming a most important tool—until the innovation that follows this one.
Perhaps no development in criminal law has been more dramatic or transformative than DNA evidence. DNA fingerprinting is now nearly unassailable and incontrovertible as evidence in court; and thousands of Americans wrongly convicted of crimes have been set free because of new DNA analysis and matching. DNA evidence helped inspire the creation of DNA databases. In the late 1980s, the federal government laid the groundwork for the Combined DNA Index System or CODIS, a system of national, state and local databases for storing and exchanging DNA profiles.
And since 1996, mitochondrial DNA has provided forensic scientists with a valuable tool for determining the source of DNA recovered from damaged, degraded or very small biological samples. But it was expert scientific witnesses who made all of that innovative evidence admissible.
The Daubert standard, formed through three 1990s U.S. Supreme Court cases, established a rule of evidence to determine whether expert testimony is admissible.
COMPUTERS TAKE OVER
The start of the law firm computer revolution in law began in the early 1970s when Wang introduced word processing computers, which became the center of law firms' word processing departments.
Because a lawyer's work is done in words, desktop word processing revolutionized legal work practices. The days of dictating letters, using dictation devices, or relying on clerks or typing pools have given way to an individual working alone at a computer. Programs such as WordPerfect (from 1980) gave way to Microsoft Word (introduced in 1983). And now Google Docs (available in 2007) with collaborative online editing tools is edging into the lawyer's toolkit.
In the 1980s, law firms were among the most enthusiastic users of document management software, which made it possible for legal teams to instantly view any document or email associated with a specific client, matter or project.
Adobe's portable document format became an open standard in 2008, which meant no one company controlled the format. And once the legal profession dis-covered the PDF can be cleansed of some of that annoying metadata that can betray secrets—and can be locked down so it can't be edited—it became the de facto standard for e-filing and legal document processing around the globe.
More than 40 years ago, Mead Data Central introduced Lexis, offering digitized legal research through electronic copies of Ohio and New York legal codes and cases. That action pushed legal research from the world of leather-bound books to clumsy computer terminals, then to CD-ROMs, and now to the Internet.
The next wave in legal research may already be here: Google Scholar went beta in 2004, making hundreds of millions of cases, research articles and filings easily searchable and free.
Followed by laptops becoming powerful and functional in the late 1980s and smartphones gaining acceptance around 2006 … And then the 2010 iPad and similar tablet devices. According to the ABA Legal Technology Survey Report, within three years of introduction, more than half of all attorneys had adopted mobile devices and tablets to supercharge their practice.
The virtual law firm—an office with no mahogany-walled waiting room, no expensive downtown location and no expensive overhead? Well, how about ditching the office altogether and using technology to communicate, share information and service clients? That's the idea behind the rise of the virtual law firm, pioneered by people like Stephanie Kimbro, who has provided online legal services for the better part of a decade since getting a law degree in 2003.
Many law firms claim to be paperless, but in reality paper documents remain a part of any practice. Still, in a digital age, leaving paper processes behind and creating a digital law firm is a competitive advantage. In 2006 after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans attorney and blogger Ernest Svenson quit his partnership at a law firm to start a low-overhead, paperless solo practice.
Personal computers were useful tools for man-aging evidence, documents or deposition transcripts. In the 1980s, networked databases like Concordance and Summation made it possible to index and archive complex and massive litigation matters that would have swamped earlier generations of lawyers.
CRIME-STOPPING BEFORE CRIME
In 1994, New York City Police Commissioner William Bratton introduced a data-driven law enforcement management model called CompStat. Depending on your point of view, CompStat is credited with decreasing crime and increasing quality of life in many cities, as well as making police forces less humane and less responsive to their communities.
Regardless of your opinion of CompStat, the next wave of computerized policing is already here—predictive policing, first explored in 2008 by Los Angeles Police Chief William Bratton—yeah, the same guy. This technology uses computer algorithms to identify patterns in criminal activity and position police to prevent and disrupt illegal activity.
EVOLVING PRACTICES
The Supreme Court's 1977 decision in Bates v. State Bar of Arizona invalidated the longtime ban on lawyer advertising on First Amendment grounds. It was also the opening shot that set off the competitive war in our profession. The day after the decision was published, Jacoby & Meyers published its first law firm newspaper ad.
Following the path of most advertisers, two months later, the first television ad for a law firm was placed in 1977 …And then firms began playing their ads on video-sharing sites such as YouTube, brought online in February 2005. Web-based video outlets made online video available to anyone with a camera. Many lawyers still make their living off referrals, but if your firm is not on TV, social media or billboards, you may not be bringing in new clients you could have.
According to blogger and ABA Journal columnist Bob Ambrogi, the first law firm website was built for Venable (then Venable, Baetjer, Howard & Civiletti) and launched in March 1994. On top of a website, a blog—a format that may have begun in 1983 but didn't get the moniker until the 1990s—is now vital to marketing many practices. Thanks to the blog, any law firm can easily publish commentary and research for potential clients to find via search engine.
This may surprise many lawyers working today, but the billable hour has not always been the standard for charging for legal work. Until the 1975 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar, fees were decided by discussions between a lawyer and a client based on a county bar association's minimum fee schedule. Goldfarb and the Federal Trade Commission killed the minimum fee schedule, and today attorneys bill between 1,700 and 2,300 hours annually.
Then there's the dark side of the billable hour, Skaddenomics. In the 1990s, Skaddenomics became code for billing clients for expenses like long-distance calls—or even luxury hotels. Though the name was inspired by the firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, the practices are common across the legal field.
In 2004, Tyco International invited law firms to craft new and different models for its litigation work. That may have been a response to questionable billing practices; it was certainly part of the business philosophy of cutting costs. And it opened the discussion of alternative billing methods—from flat fees to sliding scales to incentives and punishments—that continues today as it slowly grows in use.
Paralegals first appeared in the 1960s as the ABA and other organizations pushed for more trained nonlawyers to provide cost-effective legal services. Now there are more than 200,000 in the U.S. helping draft documents, do legal research and manage cases. A couple of states are pushing further, allowing nonlawyers to handle certain legal matters that were reserved for lawyers. This year Washington state has begun a limited license legal technician program that will let paralegals with extra training handle certain family-law cases.
ACCELERATING THE PRACTICE OF LAW
As the wireless fax (first used to transmit a picture of Calvin Coolidge in 1924) fades from the legal landscape, it's difficult to remember how disruptive the technology was. Before the facsimile machine, courts padded all deadlines with at least a three-day delay to allow for mailing documents and contracts. By the 1980s, contracts, filings and briefs suddenly appeared on a lawyer's desk in minutes. John Quincy Adams considered legal tasks like copying legal codes to be "drudgery, which … does not carry its reward with it." If only he could have waited 200 years for modern photocopiers (1959). Ditto image scanners attached to computers (1957).
Networking law firms became necessary because computers did not originally connect to one another. The local area network was introduced in the 1980s. A LAN connects multiple PCs to save files to a network drive or share a single printer. America's first Internet service providers sprang up in various locations in 1989. Let the professional disruption begin.
Perhaps no one knows who sent the first boilerplate email disclaimer, though its ancestor appeared in the cover sheets of legal faxes. But whoever it was who wrote that big block of text at the bottom of nearly every attorney's email claiming the contents of the message are privileged and confidential helped make email systems (invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1971) an accepted and essential communications tool for law professionals.
COMPUTERS CAUSE CHALLENGES, TOO
The volume of electronic data that is discoverable for litigation is hard to comprehend. Supreme Court Justice Stephen G. Breyer lamented at an e-discovery conference that "if it really costs millions to do [e-discovery], then you're going to drive out of the litigation system a lot of people who ought to be there." A whole industry has emerged to manage just the discovery of electronic records.
In part, the e-discovery solution may lie in emerging predictive coding technology, which uses statistical methods, categorization software and artificial intelligence to wade through millions of digital documents to find smoking-gun documents for litigation. The technology was first approved in a reported case in the 2012 matter Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe. Recent research shows machines are already as effective as humans in many cases.
Of course, thanks to social media, networking is now often an entirely digital affair.
In particular, LinkedIn, which launched in 2003 and has become a prime online location for lawyers to network and for clients to research an attorney's background.
And since 2006, Twitter has provided a place for lawyers to post 140-character messages for the world.
Are you a small-firm or solo practitioner who can't afford expensive information technology? Thanks to cloud software, which may have been first mentioned in 1996, you can now rent applications without having to manage the IT overhead.
THE LAW SCHOOL REVOLUTION
For much of American history, lawyers like Abraham Lincoln could succeed with little formal education. In 1923, the ABA began approving law schools according to its standards. But as late as 1951, 20 percent of American lawyers had not graduated from law school. Half of those had not graduated from college.
By 1960 lawyer wannabes had to graduate from college, endure three years of law school and persuade a bar committee of their high moral character in order to practice law.
In 1945 Frank H. Bowles, admissions director at Columbia Law School, suggested law school applicants take "a law capacity test" to smooth the admissions process. Now the LSAT is the primary way into most law schools. Hate them or love them, the U.S. News & World Report college rankings, started in 1983, have had an enormous effect on law school applications and admissions, on hiring prospects after law school, and on the willingness of students to take on heavy student-loan debt in hopes of making the money track in a legal career.
Diversifying the profession is obviously a moral issue, but it is also an innovation, as increased diversity of the bar and on the bench brought new insights and perspectives to the practices of law. The ABA lifted its ban on African-American lawyers as members in 1943. And greater diversity has led to the development of trailblazers, including Louis Brandeis, Thurgood Marshall and Sandra Day O'Connor.
INNOVATION OR INVASION OF PRIVACY?
In 1928, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis warned in Olmstead v. United States that "the progress of science in furnishing the government with means of espionage is not likely to stop with wiretapping." And that was decades before … Internet eavesdropping became a thing. Even after the high court declared phone calls private domain in 1967, new technologies have made new types of eavesdrop-ping possible. Congress passed the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act in 1986 to balance privacy standards against the legitimate needs of law enforcement. But email, instant messaging, cloud computing, cellphones, Global Positioning Systems and geolocation tracking are just some of the technologies that have become available since those laws went into effect.
And now, GPS eavesdropping! In United States v. Jones, decided in 2012, the court ruled that use of a GPS device to monitor a vehicle's movements constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment and requires a warrant.
THE CHANGING FACE OF LAW FIRMS
Like the railroads a century earlier, the introduction of the interstate highway system in 1956 profoundly shaped tort, employment, contract, property, environmental and regulatory law. As recently as 1950, a firm of 150 attorneys was considered gigantic, and a handful existed in only the largest cities. That has changed over the last three decades with the rise of the megafirm, also known as BigLaw. Even with the ongoing contraction of the legal profession, 1,000-lawyer firms now dominate many markets across all practice areas.
In 1992, the chemical giant E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. decided it had to have a better way to deal with more than 300 law firms it was using for outside counsel. It introduced the DuPont legal model, using business metrics (like how many times a task is done and how many people it takes to do it) and information technology (like electronic billing) to simplify its relationships with law firms.
Martindale-Hubbell is perhaps the best-known resource for lawyers and general counsel to find other attorneys to work with. But upstart websites like Avvo (2006) have made online lawyer ratings even easier to find. Of course, lawyer ratings may be completely irrelevant now that anyone can use social media lawyer research sites like Yelp (2004) to get the scoop on an attorney.
The unbundling of legal services was allowed as legal ethics rules relaxed and lawyers were no longer required to provide all legal services to their clients. Unbundling created a whole new playing field for the profession, like We the People, established more than 25 years ago to provide legal documents to those unwilling or unable to pay for a lawyer.
And the bricks-and-mortar legal business of We the People has been put in shadow by Internet-based legal services such as LegalZoom, started in March 2001.
Outsourcing is a sore topic for any industry as domestic jobs are lost to foreign competition. Perhaps the best known of these services is Pangea3, first based in India and founded in 2004 (and now owned by Thomson Reuters). Law firms have outsourced domestic document review work, IT support and other former in-house jobs to foreign and domestic outsourcing partners. Nearsourcing has not gained the notoriety of its foreign cousin, but some BigLaw firms have found consolidating back-office services in less expensive locations—as Nixon Peabody did in Rochester, New York, in 1999—to be a viable business practice.
NEW PRACTICE AREAS
Lawyers still defend and prosecute criminals; they help people with wills, divorces, trusts and estates; they litigate liability lawsuits. But today's business lawyer manages IPOs, mediates billion-dollar mergers, or litigates decadeslong antitrust and copyright matters that control the fates of entire industries.
Are you self-righteous, indignant and able to extemporize on any legal topic thrown your way? You might consider a career on cable television. Highly publicized cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial and the arrival of lawyer-commentators such as Roy Black on news programs can be seen as precursors to the Nancy Graces and Greta Van Susterens of today.
Our world is the product of the satellites, space stations, telescopes and other objects that we've put into the Earth's orbit over the past 50 years. The 1967 Outer Space Treaty forms the legal framework of international space law. When humans land on meteors, Mars and other space destinations, the law will certainly adapt.
Before Amazon.com can start delivering books to your door, lawyers, regulators and lawmakers have a lot of regulatory, zoning and practical details to figure out in drone law. This counts as an innovation still under development at press time.
"Drug lawyer" used to mean something dangerous or sleazy, like the Saul Goodman character from Breaking Bad. But when Portugal became the first nation to decriminalize personal drug use in 2001, resulting in dramatic drops in drug use and a big increase in the number of addicts seeking treatment, the push to remove punishment for drug use had a poster child. And as drug use is decriminalized, new business owners need lawyers who can do things like read contracts, and deal with licenses and zoning issues, as well as the mundane tasks of running a legitimate business.
MODERN LEGAL THEORY
The Living Constitution is a concept spawned by a 1927 book of that name by political science professor Howard McBain. The basic idea is to adapt the Constitution to modern facts. Louis Brandeis, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Woodrow Wilson were some of the concept's greatest proponents. Of course, the Living Constitution has often been eclipsed by originalism, a term coined in the 1980s, which aims to identify the original meaning or intent of the Constitution and apply it to contemporary cases. Associate Justice Antonin Scalia has become the most prominent promoter of the concept on the Supreme Court.
Economic analysis in the law aims to copy the efficiency found in economics and apply it to the law. In 1961 two groundbreaking articles, "The Problem of Social Cost" and "Some Thoughts on Risk Distribution and the Law of Torts," marked the start of what has been called the modern school of law and economics.
In 1983, the ABA House of Delegates voted to replace the Model Code of Professional Responsibility, which had been in effect since 1969, with the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which have since been adopted in whole or in part by 49 states.
Copyright is supposed to protect the interests of content creators, but copyright terms extend that protection to 70 years after the life of an author. Some think that is too long. Law professor Larry Lessig helped launch an alternative copyright code, Creative Commons, which makes it easier for others to borrow, remix or appropriate pieces of work while retaining some rights.
The Cooperation Proclamation, published by the Sedona Conference think tank in July 2008, is just a proposal encouraging lawyers to be more cooperative and less adversarial in the discovery process. But as judges have begun endorsing the idea in decisions, lawyers may have to find more ways to be more transparent and collaborative in litigation.
Every country has its own way of regulating libel, gambling, pornography or hate speech. But on the Internet, how do you enforce local legal standards on a global technology? Lower courts have wrestled with the issue of jurisdiction on the Internet since the mid-1990s; most of them have decided that just because a website is available to all does not provide general jurisdiction. But the Supreme Court has not taken up the issue so far.
War crimes have been prosecuted since medieval times, but the modern war crimes prosecution is a recent innovation. During World War II, Soviet Premier Josef Stalin proposed summarily executing up to 100,000 German staff officers. Even British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had urged that Nazi leaders be "hunted down and shot." But those favoring a legal process prevailed with the creation of an international military tribunal at Nuremberg commissioned to try German officials accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The first Nuremberg trial opened in November 1945 and ended in October 1946, with 12 defendants sentenced to death and seven receiving prison sentences, while three were acquitted.
Due in part to the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 1998, war criminals have been prosecuted following conflicts in several countries and regions of the world, including the Balkans, Liberia and Rwanda.
STREAMLINING LAW PRACTICE
The creation of new federal agencies in the wake of the New Deal was an important event, but perhaps the more important innovation was the Administrative Procedure Act, passed in 1946, which helped make sense of the duties, roles and responsibilities of all of those organizations. American civil procedures are an odd and continually evolving mix of precedents, tradition and common sense. Thankfully, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, established in 1938, have been continually updated to standardize our otherwise unruly legal practices.
Legal class action got its modern rebirth in 1966, with a major revision of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The change established the opt-out option, making all members of the class a part of the lawsuit unless they object in court.
Some lawyers dread pulling out their blue Uniform Commercial Code, first published in 1952, but uniform laws make sure all states have the same rules for certain legal issues.
As the jury trial disappears, arbitration has emerged as a faster, less adversarial and cheaper dispute-resolution mechanism. The Federal Arbitration Act of 1925 established a public policy in the U.S. for arbitration. American criminal enterprises had a lucrative 20th century. Fortunately, American lawyers invented racketeering laws, including the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970. RICO allows law enforcement to charge a person or group of people with running large-scale criminal enterprises.
Oh, wait—here's one more: Underlying the creation, spread and evaluation of so many of the innovations and inventions on this list is the great American tradition of spirited debate, now most commonly exhibited in online comments. So make use of this innovation and tell us what we forgot, what we shouldn't have included and what you like best about the innovations of the last 100 years.
Jason Krause is a freelance writer based in Madison, Wisconsin.
Top 10 innovations in legal practice
In April 2015, the ABA Journal created a list of 100 technological, intellectual and practical innovations that have fundamentally changed the way law is practiced. Here are the top 10 innovations which changed the practice of law forever.
Related article: 100 innovations in law
Captions written by Jason Krause.
Attribution: Image from Shutterstock.com.
10. The ABA Model Rules of Profesional Conduct
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text:
Father Gets Tattoo On Chest To Match His Son's Heart Surgery Scar
by : Julia Banim on : 23 Jun 2019 17:03
Dad has tattoo to match son's scar. SWNS
A doting dad has gone above and beyond to make sure his young son stayed proud of his heart surgery scar, having a matching one inked on his own chest.
Martin Watts, 37, from Beverley, East Yorkshire didn't want his little boy to feel self-conscious about the 9cm scar he was left with following risky open heart surgery.
Six-year-old Joey was born with supravalvular aortic stenosis, a rare heart defect which causes the narrowing of the large vessel by which blood from the heart reaches the rest of the body.
On May 23, Joey underwent an eight hour procedure at Leeds Children's Hospital to widen the narrow blood vessel.
The little boy was only given a one in ten chance of surviving the life-saving surgery, an operation which has thankfully so far proven successful.
Joey's older brother, seven-year-old Harley, also has supravalvular aortic stenosis, and will be having the same operation later on this year.
Joey's mum Leanne Watts, 40, found out Joey had supravalvular aortic stenosis while she was 28 weeks pregnant with him. With Harley, she found out 14 weeks after his birth.
Leanne has spoken of the severity of the condition facing her two young boys:
I was told they both could pass away at any given point. Joey's condition progressed rapidly. They said if we didn't try something now the inevitable will be sooner rather than later.
It's not what you want to hear, however, if you are told you will lose your son if you don't at least try, you have to put things into perspective. It was really scary and we both had reservations but I'm so glad we did choose to go ahead.
On the day of the surgery, I was numb, I was scared. You just don't know what to think. You want to trust people but you have your reservations.
You know they are in good hands. The amount of people that were in theatre that day, you just knew they were prepared for the worst possible outcome.
Leanne added:
You take comfort from the way surgeons at Leeds handled things with Joey.
It will be just as scary but they have given you reason to believe. I thought superheroes wore capes, they don't, they wear surgical scrubs and gowns.
It's a very rare condition and is linked to William's Syndrome. For some reason, the boys don't have William's Syndrome but they have the heart condition of a child with William's.
The very next day after 'little fighter' Joey was discharged from hospital, Martin decided to have the heart surgery scar tattooed on his own chest as a show of fatherly solidarity.
Heading to a local tattoo parlour, Martin had a tattoo done which looked precisely like the scar on Joey's chest, as well as the image of his heartbeat.
Praising Martin's heartfelt tattoo, Leanne said:
It's absolutely fantastic, it just shows him it's nothing to be scared of and that he should be proud of what he has achieved in life. It's not easy for a six-year-old boy or any child of any age to have that type of surgery.
When Joey saw the scar, he just said, 'is this where they have cut me to fix my heart'? We've told him it should be something to be proud of and he shouldn't be ashamed by what has happened to him. All of these warriors should be proud of their scars and all they achieve in life.
Martin has decided to share pictures of the scars as part of #ScarSelfie, a campaign ran by the Children's Heart Surgery Fund (CHSF).
#ScarSelfie aims to empower and celebrate the bravery of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients who bear scars following surgical procedures.
Supporters of this campaign are encouraged to donate to the CHSF, which gives support to Leeds Children's Hospital's Congenital Heart Unit.
Speaking about the #ScarSelfie campaign, CEO of CHSF Sharon Milner said:
We fully understand that showing a scar picture is a very personal decision and not for everyone. However, we have run this campaign in previous years and know the positive message it brings.
We are blown away by the bravery and resilience of the hundreds of CHD patients who undergo open-heart surgery and life-saving procedures at the Leeds Congenital Heart Unit every day – like Joey.
This campaign is one way of celebrating the incredible stories of these heart warriors. Please do take part if you can, and support our wonderful cause by way of donations.
What an incredible father and son team Martin and Joey are. UNILAD wishes Joey all the best as he recovers from his operation.
Julia Banim
Jules studied English Literature with Creative Writing at Lancaster University before earning her masters in International Relations at Leiden University in The Netherlands (Hoi!). She then trained as a journalist through News Associates in Manchester. Jules has previously worked as a mental health blogger, copywriter and freelancer for various publications.
Topics: Health, Leeds, scar, Tattoo


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With our insulating wool DuoBio, SCHÜTTE can offer you an innovative and top-quality product. This insulating wool differs considerably from traditional glass wool. "DuoBio" insulating wool contains no phenol, formaldehyde or acrylics. The binding agent is based on purely natural, environmentally-friendly organic materials. The fibres are joined together in such a way, that the negative characteristics of traditional glass wool, for example, the accumulation of dust and skin irritation on contact with the glass wool, do not apply to SCHÜTTE's "DuoBio" insulating wool. When it comes to properties such as thermal insulation, noise insulation, fire protection and recyclability, the same outstanding figures are achieved as with traditional glass wool. SCHÜTTE's "DuoBio" is ready-made as a two-ply system so that the rolls can be laid without any additional work being necessary. This two-ply insulating wool is primarily used in livestock buildings in combination with ventilated roofing sheets. The wool is covered with fabric on one side to prevent dust sifting through the wool. The two-ply method of laying the insulating wool allows the top-ply to be replaced easily and inexpensively.
SCHÜTTE's "DuoBio" insulating wool is the perfect compliment to our aluminium ventilated roofing sheets.


Team SCA has become the first Volvo Ocean Race team to get their boat out on the water and released this video of their test sail. The Volvo 65's were designed by Annapolis' own Bruce Farr at Farr Yacht Design. After spending the past month watching the America's Cup flying machines... I mean sailboats, is it refreshing to see slick video of more traditional racing boats or are you left feeling a little underwhelmed?


A man rules from his grave as regards to the devolution of his property after his death. A will is the intention of the person (testator) and his plans of what he wants to do with the property which he had acquired throughout his life. A will is the intention of a person for the time being as to who his successor would be.
Section 18(e) of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 specifies that the registration of a will is optional. The mere fact that registration of the will is made optional, it cannot be said that because of its non-registration, an adverse inference can be drawn.
Who can get the will registered?
The testator or after his death the executor of the will can get the will registered.
Why it is advised to get the will registered?
It is advised that a testator should get his will registered under the provision of Indian Registration Act as it removes all the doubts of ingenuity revolving around the will. All the future ambiguities and hindrances are removed just by getting the will registered.
Where can a will be kept in a safe custody post registration?
Any departed benefactor either personally or by any properly approved agent store with any registrar his will in a fixed and sealed cover bought in with the name of the deceased benefactor and with a statement of nature of the report.
Can a registered will, be challenged in a court of law?
· A will although registered can be challenged in the court of law. The mere fact that a will has been registered will not, by itself, be sufficient to dispel all suspicions regarding it. A registered will may not be the last testament. A new will made, even if unregistered, if valid, will trump the registered will.
· If there are any suspicious facts, the court will scrutinize the will even if it is registered.
A will or any part of the will, the making of which has been caused by fraud, coercion, undue influence is bad in the eyes of the law. It is well-settled law that once the execution of a will is proved, the burden to prove that it was fabricated or manufactured or was obtained by committing fraud, coercion or undue influence is upon the shoulder of objector of such will. Fraud can be said to be a willful act on the part of anyone, where another is sought to be deprived of illegal means of what he is entitled to.
A will must be made by the testator and duly signed by him. Signature or thumb impression of the testator is not the only requirement. Along with the testator, the will must contain the signature or thumb impression of two witnesses, witnessing that the will belongs to the testator. If any if these is not present, there is a lack of due execution in the will and the same can be challenged in the court of law.
The wordings used in the will is to be followed religiously as it is the only desire left of the testator as to what is to be done with his property. It is the desire of the testator which is to be executed. If the will contains any element which shows that, any provision made in the will might be against the testamentary intention of the testator, the same can be challenged in the court of law.
4. that no disorder of the brain will harm his affections, distort his feeling of right, or keep the activity of his natural faculties – that no insane delusion shall influence his will in disposing of his property and bring about a disposal of it which, if the mind had been sound, would not have been made.
How to challenge a registered will in an Indian court?
The registration of case with the appropriate seat under the civil jurisdictional court. Different Indian states have different nomenclature of courts where matters relating to registration of documents are filed under section 18 of the Registration Act. Different courts have different form number for matter relating to registration of instruments.
Through Vakalatnama, a person gives all the authority to a lawyer to represent on their behalf. No tax is levied on the paper of vakalatnama, but nowadays various high courts have started to issue stamp papers of various denomination.
For example, In Maharashtra, a court fee of INR 25 is payable for assets less than INR 50,000; 4% of assets between INR 50,000-2 lakh, and 7.5% for assets over INR 2 lakh. There is a ceiling of INR 75,000.
After the case is accepted, the court will release summons issuing notice to the opposite party to appear before the court. Before such date, the defendant is required to file his "written statement," i.e. his defense against the allegation raised by plaintiff, within 30 days from the date of service of notice, or within such time as given by the court. The burden of proof is on the person making the allegation on the will to prove that such will is mala fide in nature and do not represent the intention of the testator.
· Legal heir certificates, and other required documents.
· And lastly, listing of witnesses and due process of hearing.


text:
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 - Warlords of New York
This is a DLC ONLY key and requires the base game Tom Clancy's The Division 2 on Xbox in order to play.
This is an Xbox One version of the game.
Buy Tom Clancy's The Division 2 - Warlords of New York Xbox live CD Key
Platform:Xbox live
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New York is under threat. Aaron Keener, a former Division Agent turned rogue, has taken control of Lower Manhattan, backed by four devoted and highly skilled lieutenants. Trained by The Division but disavowing its ideals, they are now the highest authority in town and the most formidable force the Agents have ever faced.
message Tom Clancy's The Division 2 - Warlords of New York reviews


text:
Raiders lapses inexcusable: Stuart
Martin Gabor
Sat 4 Jun 2016, 06:30 AM
A candid Canberra coach Ricky Stuart has conceded his side will be blown off the park next week against the Brisbane Broncos if they don't address their hot and cold NRL Telstra Premiership form during matches.
The comments came after the Raiders defeated an injury-hit Sea Eagles 30-18 at home on Friday night despite leading by 24 points midway through the second half.
Canberra looked set to post a cricket score against a side boasting just 14 fit players for the final half an hour but were instead forced to settle for a much tighter win after allowing two late tries.
Draw Widget - Round 13 - Raiders vs Sea Eagles
"If we start like we did today and finish like the way we did [when we play] Brisbane, they'll beat us by 40 points. We're not at that level yet. Next week scares me," Stuart said after the game.
"I'm really disappointed with the way we let them back into that game… it's inexcusable.
"For us to give that lead away like that was just really, really disappointing. It's not just coming from me. The boys are all disappointed too. We've discussed it and we'll work on it again next week.
"I said it last week, we have to be more consistent and play high quality footy for longer durations of the game."
The final quarter of the game spoiled what was otherwise a terrific performance from the Raiders as they ended their 12-year home hoodoo against the Sea Eagles with a third-straight win.
"I thought our first 55 minutes of football was our best football of the year," Stuart said.
"In that first half I think they completed about 15 out of 16 [sets] and they gave us absolutely nothing.
"I thought our defence was outstanding, I thought we hung in there, we played some really good football in the grind and we played some good football when it was set for set.
"We had to hang in there; it was a good quality half of football that first half. We scored a couple of tries, and so we should have. They were a couple of players down; Lyon went off, Cherry-Evans went off and we took advantage of that. We put a couple of tries on and skipped away to a lead."
Having jumped out to a 30-6 lead, the Raiders failed to score a point after that with errors and defensive lapses denying them the chance to give their for and against a timely boost midway through the year.
Instead, the Sea Eagles raced in two late tries to set up a nervy finish before very nearly adding a third in the 77th minute, only for Jack Wighton to save the day with a crucial try-saving tackle on Tom Trbojevic.
Wighton had also denied the Sea Eagles winger another opportunity to score in the first half and Stuart credited his fullback's defence for sealing the two competition points.
"That was a wonderful tackle Jack made on Trbojevic," he said.
"He basically went from a standing start to make the tackle and to pull him out over the sideline in the corner…if he scores there and kicks the goal then they're six points away."
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Full Match Replay: Canberra Raiders v Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles (1st Half) - Round 13, 2016
Sat 04 Jun, 2016
Manly CEO addresses match fixing allegations
Fri 03 Jun, 2016


text:
Brown University Appoints Dowling and Dietze to CEO, CIO Roles
The university promoted existing CIO Dowling to a newly created CEO role, while Most Wanted Allocator Dietze becomes CIO.
By Amanda Cantrell
Manning Chapel, Brown University (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)
Electronic Trading Just Keeps Getting Better
Brown University has promoted its CIO — Joseph Dowling III — to a newly-created chief executive role at the $3.7 billion endowment, and has named managing director Jane Dietze its new CIO, the university announced yesterday.
Dowling will head up the development of new partnerships for the investment office, cultivate new investments for the university, and support strategic projects. He has been CIO of the endowment since June 2013.
Before that, he served as founder and CEO of Narragansett Asset Management, which managed money for institutions, pensions, and endowments.
Dietze was recently named one of Institutional Investor'sMost Wanted Allocators. In her new role, she will manage Brown's investment office operations and lead its investment process and capital allocation.
Dietze joined the endowment in 2013. Before that, she was the director of private equity at Bowdoin College and has also worked at Fortress Investment Group and Columbia Capital Corporation.
"The complexity and scope of the requirements of the role of chief investment officer for Brown have continued to grow," said investment committee chair Robert Goodman in a press release. "We recognized an opportunity to separate the core executive and investment functions into two complementary roles, and this will truly optimize the incredible talent in the Investment Office."
The university also said it promoted Joshua Kennedy to the role of managing director of the investment office. He joined in 2016 as an investment director.
UTIMCO Hires Harvard Executive as Deputy CIO
Alicia McElhaney
Grinnell College Nabs CIO From Oberlin


text:
The Coterie Theater in Kansas City, Missouri, undated picture. (Photo credit: Google Maps)
Kansas City's Coterie Theatre establishes email for alleged abuse victims
by: Heidi Schmidt
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — The Coterie Theatre begins reviewing its policies and procedures following allegations of abuse by its former producing artistic director.
The theatre's board released a public statement Wednesday that addresses the allegations, asking anyone with claims of misconduct against Coterie staff or cast members to email the Theatre at coterieinvestigation@gmail.com.
It comes amid an independent investigation into claims that former producing artistic director, Jeff Church, abused staff and/or cast members.
Steamboat Arabia's future uncertain after St. Charles plan fizzles
Our staff, artists, and board members are on a journey to ensure that our actions continue to be an expression of our shared values. We are grateful to live in a committed community of people who believe not only in the power of the arts, but who also believe in the power of supporting and caring for each other.
Coterie Theatre Board Statement
The statement goes on to say the board, and theater community, is trying to deal with the realization of what may have happened.
For those brave souls who publicly spoke their truth: we see you. We hear you. We support you as you work to heal from unimaginable pain. We hope you are uplifted by the love and support of the arts community that surrounds you.
As the people impacted process emotions, The Coterie says the cast of "A Charlie Brown Christmas" decided to continue the remaining shows scheduled for this week.
Dogs rescued from Pleasant Hill property moved to St. Louis shelter
The board has not said what will happen after the performance closes.
As The Coterie investigates what may have happened at the theatre, Kansas City Police detectives are investigating what happened Christmas weekend. Officers responded to Church's home Saturday and found his body.
Church died the same day The Coterie announced he'd resigned from the Theatre after more than 30 years due to allegations made against him.


text:
News 10 Feb 2021
Beginning of 2021 MXGP season delayed amid reshuffle
Motocross of Nations will no longer be held at Imola circuit in September.
The beginning of the 2021 MXGP World Championship will be delayed until May, Infront Moto Racing has confirmed amid a reshuffle due to the current COVID-19 pandemic that continues to affect international sporting events.
Round one of the season is now scheduled for 23 May at Oss in the Netherlands, while Oman – which was initially due to commence this year's series on 3 April – has been delayed altogether until 2022.
Meanwhile, the MXGP of Italy, MXGP of Portugal and the MXGP of Germany will be moved from April/May to October and other changes include two new venues that will host the two Indonesian rounds. The MXGP of Asia will head to Borobudur on 4 July, while the MXGP of Indonesia will take place in Bali on 11 July.
In addition, the MXGP of China has been re-scheduled from 19 September to 7 November, with a venue to be announced, as well as the MXGP of Argentina set to be held on 21 November on a new circuit to be announced.
The goal for the 2021 season is to finally welcome back spectators and to be able to do so in a safe and responsible way, with certain changes having to be made following the current evolution of the pandemic.
It's also been revealed that the 2021 Monster Energy Motocross of Nations (MXoN) will take place on 26 September at this point, however, Imola will not be the host venue this year. A new location is yet to be announced by organizers.
2021 MXGP World Championship calendar (updated):
Rd1 – 23 May – Oss, The Netherlands
Rd2 – 13 June – Orlyonok, Russia
Rd3 – 20 June – Kegums, Latvia
Rd4 – 4 July – Borobudur, Indonesia
Rd5 – 11 July – Bali, Indonesia
Rd6 – 25 July – Loket, Czech Republic (Women)
Rd7 – 1 August – Lommel, Belgium (Women)
Rd8 – 8 August – Uddevalla, Sweden
Rd9 – 22 August – Iitti-KimiRing, Finland
Rd10 – 29 August – Igora Drive, Russia
Rd11 – 12 September – Afyonkarahisar, Turkey (Women)
Rd12 – 19 September – TBA, TBA
Rd13 – 3 October – Teutschenthal, Germany
Rd14 – 10 October – St Jean d'Angely, France
Rd15 – 17 October – Intu Xanadu-Arroyomolinos, Spain (Women)
Rd16 – 24 October – Agueda, Portugal
Rd17 – 31 October – TBA, Italy (Women)
Rd18 – 7 November – TBA, China
Rd19 – 14 November – Neuquen, Argentina
Features 10 Feb 2021


In your letter dated March 4th, 2002 you requested a tariff classification ruling.
The sample submitted is described as a fabric toiletry bag, made of 100% Indian Cotton, with a plastic lining, used for carrying cosmetics. The quilted cotton bag measures approximately 7"H X 10 1/2"W. It has a zipper enclosure across the top.
The applicable subheading for the toiletry bags will be 4202.92.1500, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for travel, sports, and similar bags, with outer surface of textile materials, of vegetable fibers and not of pile or tufted construction, of cotton. The rate of duty will be 6.5% ad valorem.


text:
Q: Plot the boxplot by using check box in shiny app I'd like to use check box input to allow to show different island levels (within the categorical variable selected for the x-axis) with separate boxplots and different colors with a legend. But if this check box is not selected, I just want to show boxplot without fill=legend that is:
ggplot(dat(), aes_string(x = isolate(input$xaxis), y = input$yaxis)) +
            geom_boxplot()

This R code is what I tried to use but It didn't work. Could you please help me to solve or tell me what makes error with my R code?
Thank you in advance
library(shiny)
library(palmerpenguins)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

penguin <- penguins

penguin$year <- as.factor(penguin$year)

ui <- fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Data Visualisation of Penguins Data"),
  sidebarPanel(
    selectInput("yaxis",
                label = "Choose a y-axis variable to display",
                choices = list("bill_length_mm",
                               "bill_depth_mm",
                               "flipper_length_mm",
                               "body_mass_g"),
                selected = "bill_length_mm"),
    selectInput("xaxis",
                label = "Choose a x-axis variable to display",
                choices = c("species",
                            "sex",
                            "year"),
                selected = "sex"),
    checkboxGroupInput("islandlevels",
                       label = "Check to display different island levels",
                       choices = c("island"),
                       selected = NULL),
    br(), br(),
    selectInput("species",
                label = "Choose species to view separate plot",
                choices = list("Adelie",
                               "Chinstrap",
                               "Gentoo"),
                selected = NULL)),
  mainPanel(
    plotOutput("plot1"),
    br(), br(),
    plotOutput("plot2")
  )
)

server <- function(input, output){
  dat <- reactive({
    if(input$xaxis == "sex") penguin[!is.na(penguin$sex),] else penguin
  })
  output$plot1 <- renderPlot({
    if(input$islandlevels == "island") {
      req(penguin, input$xaxis, input$yaxis)
      ggplot(dat(), aes_string(x = isolate(input$xaxis), y = input$yaxis, fill=island)) +
        geom_boxplot()
    }
    if(input$islandlevels = NULL) {
      req(penguin, input$xaxis, input$yaxis)
          ggplot(dat(), aes_string(x = isolate(input$xaxis), y = input$yaxis)) +
            geom_boxplot()}
})
}

shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)

A: *

*As long as you don't want any other checkbox inputs you could use a checkboxInput instead of a checkboxGroupInput which makes checking a bit easier.

*One issue in your server was that you used island instead of "island". Additionally you can simplify your code a little bit by using fill <- if (input$islandlevels) "island" which will return NULL is the the checkbox was not checked and "island" otherwise. This way you can handle both case with only one ggplot statement .
The full reproducible code:
library(shiny)
library(palmerpenguins)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

penguin <- penguins

penguin$year <- as.factor(penguin$year)

ui <- fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Data Visualisation of Penguins Data"),
  sidebarPanel(
    selectInput("yaxis",
                label = "Choose a y-axis variable to display",
                choices = list("bill_length_mm",
                               "bill_depth_mm",
                               "flipper_length_mm",
                               "body_mass_g"),
                selected = "bill_length_mm"),
    selectInput("xaxis",
                label = "Choose a x-axis variable to display",
                choices = c("species",
                            "sex",
                            "year"),
                selected = "sex"),
    checkboxInput("islandlevels",
                       label = "Check to display different island levels",
                       value = FALSE),
    br(), br(),
    selectInput("species",
                label = "Choose species to view separate plot",
                choices = list("Adelie",
                               "Chinstrap",
                               "Gentoo"),
                selected = NULL)),
  mainPanel(
    plotOutput("plot1"),
    br(), br(),
    plotOutput("plot2")
  )
)

server <- function(input, output){
  dat <- reactive({
    if(input$xaxis == "sex") penguin[!is.na(penguin$sex),] else penguin
  })
  output$plot1 <- renderPlot({
    req(penguin, input$xaxis, input$yaxis)
    fill <- if (input$islandlevels) "island"
    ggplot(dat(), aes_string(x = isolate(input$xaxis), y = input$yaxis, fill = fill)) +
        geom_boxplot()
  })
}

shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The California Conservation Corps is a state agency, established by Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. in 1976, that employs young people ages 18-25 with efforts towards improving California's natural resources. Modeled after the federal Civilian Conservation Corps created in 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt, it is the oldest and largest state conservation corps program in the country.
Much of the program's vision and values are based on those of the Civilian Conservation Corps. This full-scale national agency was implemented by President Franklin Roosevelt, just three weeks after he took office in March of 1933, to provide jobs for unemployed young men, veterans, and minorities as well as to relieve families who had struggled finding work during the Great Depression. He believed that the Civilian Corps would serve as, "…simple work, not interfering with normal employment, and confining itself to forestry, the prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects" and noted to "…the fact that this type of work isn't definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss, but also as means of creating future national wealth." Over its nine years of operation, from 1933 to 1942, over three million young men participated in the corps, which provided them with food, shelter, clothes and academic and vocational training. Earning a small wage of about $30 a month, the men would sent $25 of their pay back home to their families. During its service, enrollees planted nearly three billion trees, constructed trails, lodges, and other facilities in more than 800 parks nationwide, including Big Basin and Mt. Diablo, and built a network of public roadways in remote areas.
The legacy of the Civilian Conservation Corps is what inspired Governor Brown to form the California Conservation Corps. He envisioned the program as "a combination Jesuit seminary, Israeli kibbutz and Marine Corps boot camp." Since 1976, more than 120,000 young men and women have served for the CCC.
For one whole year, a crew of 10 to 15 young men and women work on a variety of projects, sponsored by state, city, county, and federal agencies, as well as non-profit organizations, schools, and private industry. earning minimum wage and bonuses for extended hours. These jobs include: landscaping and park development, trail maintenance, repair, and construction, fire hazard reduction, energy auditing, tree planting, erosion control efforts, fish and wildlife resources, solar lighting and water heater installation, forest and timber management, and much more. Crew members also respond to natural disasters that occur in surrounding areas like floods, fires, earthquakes, oil spills, and pest infestations.
There are also opportunities to work in different parts of California, and even across the world. For example, the Backcountry Trails Program, established in 1979, is a special five month program within the California Conservation Corps that assembles six crews of men and women, ages 18 to 26, who learn through experience the skills of trail maintenance and construction in wilderness work sites such as Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and other national parks. Members can also join the International Work Exchange Program with Conservation Volunteers Australia, a 9 week program based in cities such as Melbourne, Adelaide, and Sydney as well as the outback that focuses on conservation projects like erosion and salinity control, tree planting, seed collection, invasive species removal, endangered flora and fauna surveys and monitoring, weed control, habitat restoration, and heritage protection.
Joining the California Conservation Corps is a great way to work outdoors, earn a paycheck, advance your education, learn basic jobs skills and make progress towards a career. Many alumni go onto jobs as firefighters, trail workers, park rangers, teachers, police officers, solar panel installers, and small business owners. This experience helps expand and evaluate future careers options for members, and along with the two potentially awarded scholarships, totaling a considerable $11,000, can support the continuation of education and training. Their mission statement is, "The young women and men of the Corps work hard protecting and restoring California's environment and responding to disasters, becoming stronger workers, citizens and individuals through their service." If you are interested in becoming a member, feel free to visit their website at http://www.ccc.ca.gov/ and click on the link Join.


It's not what you make that counts, it's how much you keep. That's why Padgett Law, P.A. helps clients focus on "Financial Self Defense." We help you protect your hard earned assets so you get to enjoy them now, and they go to your family or your favorite charity later. We take the time to get to know you, to know what you have, to know what you want to do with your life and your assets, and to design a plan to help you get those results.
Asset protection planning is prudent and needs to be done proactively. You can't wait until you have a claim to protect your assets. You plan in clear weather for the storms life may throw at you.
In simplest terms, asset protection is about keeping what's yours, using it as you see fit, and passing it to your family when you're gone. There are many asset protection tools available for use at the appropriate time. You need advice from professional advisors who understand how and when to employ them to protect you.
The level of protection of any asset is determined largely by how you title the asset. Normally, an asset titled in your name has NO asset protection. The equity in that asset can be taken by any of your creditors at any time.
An asset protection analysis begins with gathering data about each of your assets; what they are, where they are, what they're worth and what you owe on them, and how you own them (whose name is on the title). Once that data is gathered, formulating an asset protection plan requires the professional advisor to figure out which ones are protected under federal and Florida law, and then figuring out the most cost effective method of protecting the rest.
Which of your assets do you want to protect? The best answer is all of the ones you don't want to lose.
Assets that are protected from the claims of creditors, (referred to as exempt assets), vary from state to state, and often include the equity in your primary residence (homestead), cash values of life insurance or annuities, and IRA's or other retirement plans. Florida protects unlimited equity in a primary residence under its homestead provision, while Georgia protects only $15,000 for a married couple. In addition, since Florida's homestead protection is in its constitution, the Florida Supreme Court has ruled that the fraudulent conveyance law cannot be applied to a person's homestead. You can use your cash or liquidate other non-exempt assets to pay off the loan on your primary residence, and there's nothing a creditor can do to prevent it.
A second area of wide diversity in asset protection is the cash value of life insurance and annuities. Florida is a pro-debtor state and protects unlimited cash value of life insurance and annuity contracts issued on the lives of Florida residents. Other states protect as little as $2,500 of life insurance cash value.
A third area of divergence from state to state is the level of protection of IRA accounts. Federal law protects qualified pension plans under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). IRA's, however, are not qualified plans, and are protected only under state law. Florida protects 100% of the value of an IRA. California protects only the amount necessary for the support of the debtor and dependents. Do you want a court to determine what's "necessary" for the support and of your dependents?


text:
Gulf Waters in Key West Reported to be Crystal Clear
Fish in Key West's Clear Gulf Waters
Key West is not only oil-free, but snorkelers and divers are actually experiencing unusually clear water in Gulf waters.
Online PR News – 28-June-2010 – – Every year, summer's calm waters in Key West invite divers and snorkelers to explore the marine world and see for themselves the amazing variety of life in the underwater ecosystem. This year is no exception, with unusually clear water even on the Gulf side, which isn't typically known for good visibility. With visibility ranges of up to 40 feet this week, divers have had an unexpected treat as they view coral colonies, wrecks, and schools of fish that might not be so visible were it not for the clear water encountered lately.
Water in the Gulf of Mexico's inshore waters around Key West is typically a murkier shade of green, with less than ten feet of visibility on most days. Most Key West snorkeling trips take visitors to the reef on the Atlantic side of the island. Here, closer to the Gulf Stream, the water is clearer. Coral, schools of fish, turtles and the marine world is more visible to both snorkelers and divers who come to Key West to see the underwater ecosystem up close.
But this week, the water has been clear on the Gulf side, giving snorkelers and divers the option to see what the marine life is like on the other side of the island. The Gulf sees less traffic from boats, and sea grass beds are healthier. The patch reefs are just brimming with life, including the millions of tiny young fish and bait fish that may later make their way to the reef on the Atlantic side.
"This clear Gulf water has been such a wonderful treat" says Donna Dewsnap, who works on a private snorkel charter boat. "I always love it when the Gulf side is clear, because the coral and other aquatic life has a slightly different look on that side". Ms. Dewsnap has been snorkeling in Key West Florida for eight years. She adds that the ecosystem is very healthy on the Gulf side of Key West, sometimes called the back country. Although many flats fishing charters travel to the back country for fishing, snorkel boats usually head for the Atlantic when taking guests out for a look at the coral and fish.
The oil so far hasn't come close to marring the beauty of Key West's most precious natural resources, the marine world. Visitors are still enjoying the clear waters on both sides of the island, from Sand Key Lighthouse to the patch reefs on the Gulf side. Key West activities on the water are going strong: all businesses are open, charter fishing is going strong, diving the Vandenberg and other popular Key West dive spots is still as amazing and beautiful as ever. And now with warm waters of summer and lower winds, any water sport is even more pleasurable. A smooth ride and tropical water temperatures make a Key West vacation perfect for a summer getaway, and the water is as clean as ever, full of aquatic life and the famous coral reef that lines the entire Florida Keys chain of islands.
Key West Vacation Deals Offered for Lobster Mini Season
Umbrella Corp LaunchesTwo New Class Action Websites
Umbrella Corp Launches New Class Action Website
Key West Snorkeling Co. Creates Discounts for Spring Breakers
Belinda Mill
11 Truman Ave
Key West FL, 33040
http://www.keywestvacationguide.com


text:
Q: Wrapping DIVs with inline-block I want my page to look like this:
http://jsfiddle.net/yuA5Q/3/embedded/result
However, I am implementing jQuery ui to utilize the draggable(and sortable) functionality.  So if I don't make .bubblescontainer display: inline-block, I get some horrible effects on dragging.  however, with it, I get this:
http://jsfiddle.net/yuA5Q/4/embedded/result
So, is there a way to keep the inline-block while wrapping the bubbles as desired?

Updated jsfiddle.net links.  I missed the final }); in the code so it wasn't running.

A: I achieved this by floating the internal containers (.bubblecontainer) left, and clearing left.
float : left;
clear : left;

http://jsfiddle.net/yuA5Q/5/


The end of the era of cheap Chinese labor.
Japan's fiscal stimulus, Singapore's shipping parking lot, and Dan Gross's Dumb Money.
China, the world's largest surplus country and one of the world's most export-dependent economies, faces great uncertainty about its outlook amidst the current crisis. Over forty experts offer their predictions for China's 2009 GDP growth rate.
China and the United States should stabilize the yuan/dollar relationship.
The new role of central bank credit targets.
If Barack Obama Could Achieve Only One Financial Reform, What Should It Be?
If the president asked you to name the most urgent financial reform, global or domestic, needed to rebuild the credibility of our financial system, what would you tell him?
If a bank is too big to fail, it is too big.
Cutting the Gordian Knot of U.S. financial regulation.
Does the World Need a Financial Manhattan Project?
Do the world's best financial minds need collectively to assemble to unravel today's securitized asset markets which have paralyzed world credit markets? In his new book, Liaquat Ahamed describes a similar exercise in 1912 which led to the formation of the Federal Reserve.
The Issing Committee corralled some of the best minds in banking and financial supervision. Here's what they concluded.
A rule-based system for future prosperity.
Out of crisis can come a change in the European Union's balance of power.
A behind-the-scenes look at the U.S.-European struggle over financial regulation.
Stop worrying about the financial markets.
A pandemic of preferential trade agreements is undermining free trade.
With global debt soaring, the endgame of today's recession will not be pretty.
Taking it to its next phase.


Police arrested an Evanston man Monday at Saint Francis Hospital in connection with disorderly conduct and assault.
An Evanston man was fighting with a security guard near the emergency room of the hospital, 355 Ridge Ave., Monday at about 5:30 p.m., police said. The man attempted to spit on the guard and was using profane language, Evanston Police Cmdr. Jay Parrott said. The guard advised the man to leave the premises, but he refused. Officers charged him with disorderly conduct and assault.
He is scheduled to appear in court Feb. 19.
An Evanston resident reported that up to $10,000 worth of collectible coins were stolen in the last week.
The resident shipped five boxes of collectible coins last week from the post office at 1929 Central St. The resident told police Monday that two of the boxes, together valued at between $10,000 and $12,000, had arrived empty at their shipping destination in Massachusetts, Parrott said. It is unknown whether the theft occurred in Evanston, he added.


Create a link such as '[[My Target]]' or '[[My Target][Find my target]]'.
See Languages, for identifiers of supported languages.
Org mode can produce complex reports on basis of the time clocking information. Such a report is called a clock table.
Show clock report in Org-Agenda mode.
Encrypt the whole file using gnupg. Note that gpg encrypted files should be saved with the default extension of .gpg.
Adding .gpg files path to org-agenda-files variable can show tasks, which are defined within the encrypted files, in agenda.
Use gpg-agent to cache passwords.


Movie Overview: Luka Chuppi is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language romantic blod comedy film directed by Laxman Utekar. Produced by Dinesh Vijan, it stars Kartik Aaryan and Kriti Sanon and tells the story of a television reporter in Mathura who falls in love with a headstrong woman.
Luka Chuppi Movie Trailer Out The Trailer of Kartik Aryan and Kriti Sanon Starrer film Luka Chipi has been released. Live in with family drama is going to be seen in the film. This can be a bold comedy.
Makers of movies like Hindi Medium and Woman are now coming out with comedy on a bold topic. The trailer of Lukachipi film has been launched. At first glance, this entertaining family drama is coming up. Kartik Aryan and Kriti Sanon are the main roles in this movie. With them, stars like Pankaj Tripathi, Vinay Pathak and Apashashakti Khurana will be seen.
In the last few years, Bollywood has tried to bring stories of small cities of India on the big screen. In this episode, the movie 'Luka Chipi' can be seen. Based on Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, the unique concept of Live in Relationship with Family will be shown in this film. It is shown in the trailer that a man named Guddu decides to marry Ranveer-Deepika, Nick-Priyanka and Virat-Anushka after marriage, but Karthik's love interest i.e. Rashmi advises him to stay in the first place. .However, after the advice of a man, they start living like a Married Couple without having married with each other. During this time Humor has been created due to all the untimely conditions. At first glance, the concept of the film is entertaining but if the other artists leave, then the film's lead actor, Kartik Aryan, does not appear to be effective in many comic scenes. In the first scene of the trailer, according to the character and Seen, on the face of Master Sienna, the lack of expression is clearly visible.
Akshay Kumar's movie Aflatun's song has also been remake in the film. It is sung by Mica. Producer of this movie is Dinesh Vision. The film will knock on cinemas all over the country on March 1. In front of the movie, Sonchidiya and Sandeep and Pinki absconding will also be at the box office. This movie is going to be very important for Kartik, who enjoys stardom with Sonu's Titu Sweety.


text:
Eteobalea enchrysa is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.

Adults have been recorded on wing from April to June.

The larvae feed on Trichostema lanatum. Larval feeding causes stem galls.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Eteobalea
Moths described in 1962

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia