Happy New Year! December is crazy busy in my line of work so I didn't have much time to write, but the calendar has flipped, I've come up for air and I'm excited about 2018.
In past years I've written about my annual review process and how I set goals. You can read more about it here if you're doing some 2018 planning of your own: Your plan for the New Year in 3 easy steps.
I'm a big believer in the benefits of reading so I usually have a reading goal each year. In 2017, my goal was to read every book, short story, poem and play by Ernest Hemingway. A few years ago, I set a goal to read 500 books between age 40 and 50.
I'm guessing many of you enjoy reading as well, so if you're looking for a few book ideas for 2018, I created a page on Intentional Retirement with a list of everything I've read over the last five years. I'll keep it updated going forward, so feel free to check back periodically. It contains a pretty eclectic mix, so there's something for everyone. And if you have an idea or two for me, please send them my way.
As always, thanks for following along. Have a great weekend!
Jeff Bezos became the richest person in the world last week. In a little over 20 years, the founder of Amazon.com went from no money (or very little) to more money than anyone. Warren Buffett once called him "the most remarkable business person of our age." That's like Michael Jordan calling you the best basketball player or the Dos Equis guy crowning you "world's most interesting person." I've followed Bezos over the years and thought I'd share a few things we can learn from him about life and retirement.
You can accomplish a lot in a short amount of time. Someone once said that we tend to overestimate what we can accomplish in a year and underestimate what we can accomplish in ten years. Bezos started Amazon in 1995. That's not that long ago. I remember what I was doing in 1995. I'm guessing you do too. In that short span he's built a revolutionary company with hundreds of thousands of employees and transformed giant swaths of the economy. Most people spend about 20 years in retirement. I just went to the funeral of a friend who died at 102. He was retired for 40 years. That's plenty of time to do some interesting things. No one expects you to start a billion-dollar company, but you don't just need to ride off into the sunset either. Yes, you can relax and enjoy life, but you also have plenty of runway to take on projects or challenges that give fulfillment, meaning and purpose.
Be stubborn on vision, but flexible on details. That's how Bezos describes the leadership team of Amazon. They have an uncompromising vision for the company, but they are flexible and willing to try new things to make that vision a reality. That same strategy works great when planning for and living in retirement. Know what you want out of life. Stay true to your vision and values, but when opportunities present themselves take advantage of them. Or when things don't develop exactly how you anticipated they would, don't be afraid to change up your tactics.
Experiment. Amazon Prime, Amazon Web Services, the Kindle, Echo and Alexa all started out as small experiments. Bezos and his team are constantly experimenting and making small bets. Some of those fail, but some are wildly successful. The more things they try, the greater the odds that they'll hit on something big.
Be inventive. All of those experiments usually lead to inventions and innovations. The Amazon of today looks very different than it did at the beginning. The same should be true of your retirement. Don't spend 20 years in a rut. Iterate, create, grow and evolve. That growth and change won't happen automatically. You need to experiment and invent. As I said recently: You don't find yourself. You create yourself.
Invest in yourself. The knock against Amazon from day one has been that it doesn't show a profit. But the reason it doesn't show a profit is because a) it charges low prices so it can gain new customers and grow the business and b) it reinvests every dime it makes back into the company to help it grow faster. All of those experiments, inventions and innovations cost money. The payoff has been huge, but it wouldn't have happened without a willingness to invest in them. Warren Buffett once said that the most important investment you can make is in yourself. In retirement, you have time and money. How can you invest those in ways that enrich and improve you and your life?
We're all going to die, so it will eventually be Day 2, but a life that has purpose and meaning is generally incumbent on keeping a Day 1 mindset as long as possible. It's characterized by a willingness to take risks, try new things, build relationships, invest, act and work towards some greater purpose. In retirement, it's tempting to ease off the throttle and orient your life around comfort and security rather than purpose and meaning. There's nothing wrong with a little R&R, but keep your Day 1 mindset as long as possible.
Use a "regret minimization framework." Before starting Amazon, Bezos had a great job at a wall street firm. All he had to do was keep showing up for work each day and he'd be set. But he saw how quickly the internet was growing and felt a pull to get involved. As he pondered the decision he wondered which course would result in the fewest regrets when he was 80. He called this his regret minimization framework (You can tell he is a computer science grad). He didn't think he'd regret leaving a job, because he could always find another job. Leaving mid-year meant giving up his annual bonus, which was a big deal to him at the time, but he didn't think his 80-year-old self would be concerned about it. He didn't think he'd regret trying the internet business and failing because then he'd just get another job. The one thing he felt he'd really regret would be not trying and always wondering what could have been. It's the old Mark Twain quote. We don't regret the things we do as much as the things we don't do.
So as you think about your life and how you want to spend it, use a regret minimization framework. What actions and decisions will result in the least amount of regret for your future self? Pursue those things. Yes, it might be scary, but it will ultimately result in the greatest level of happiness and fulfillment.
Note: Retirement is more than just a math problem. Yes, money is important, but you need meaningful activities and relationships too. When money and meaning intersect, you have the chance for something special. With that in mind, I'm starting a new periodic series called "aMUSEments" that will focus on a particular trip, activity, idea or adventure. Each article will be packed with links and resources to help you dream, plan and do. I hope they act as a muse to stir your imagination and help you plan your own adventures. Enjoy!
With spring in the air, now is the perfect time to begin planning an adventure in one of the parks. Incidentally, I'm eating my own cooking on this recommendation. In about a month, I'm heading to the Grand Canyon to hike it from one side to the other and back again. Rim to Rim to Rim. My family and I will also be hitting a few of the other parks this year to do some hiking and camping. Assuming I survive the GC, I'll let you know how it goes.
There are 59 national parks that cover 51 million acres in 27 states and two U.S. Territories. They contain some of the most beautiful scenery and natural wonders anywhere in the world. The first National Park was Yellowstone. It was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1872. President Theodore Roosevelt established more national parks (5) than any other president. California has the most (9) and Alaska has the biggest (Wrangell-St. Elias) as well as the least visited (Gates of the Arctic). The most visited parks are the Great Smokey Mountains and the Grand Canyon.
Here's a list of all 59 parks.
It's fun to visit exotic, far flung places, but let's not forget that we have some pretty incredible places right here in the United States and the national parks are the crown jewels of that collection. They are relatively inexpensive to visit and because they're spread out across the states there is a variety and selection that is tough to beat.
This year is the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service. There will be special programs at the different parks to celebrate the milestone and there will be 16 days where entrance fees will be waived in order to encourage people to visit. Throw cheap gases prices in the mix and this is the perfect year to plan a road trip to one or more parks.
Retirement is the ideal time to visit the national parks. Why? For starters, you can get a lifetime annual park pass for $10 once you hit age 62. That same pass is normally $80 per year. Also, because you have a flexible schedule during retirement, you can visit the parks during the off season when things are less expensive and there are few crowds. Finally, there tons of volunteer (or even employment) opportunities geared towards seniors.
If you're planning on visiting a few parks each year, it's probably cheaper to buy an Annual Park Pass. The pass is normally $80, but is only $10 for a lifetime pass for those 62 or older and free for current members of the military. In addition to the pass, some parks require you to apply for permits if you plan on camping or staying in the backcountry. You can find specific requirements at the NPS website for the park you're considering.
This depends on the park, of course. If you're visiting Death Valley, best to go January through March before the heat becomes unbearable. If, on the other hand, you're heading to Glacier National Park, go in June when the weather is warming and the park is in bloom. Just Google "best time to visit <park name>" or visit the park's official website to get recommendations on the best time to visit. In my opinion, the worst time to visit many of the parks is when the weather is the hottest and the crowds are the biggest. That means June and July for most parks when school kids are on summer break. Thankfully, one of the benefits of retirement is the flexible schedule so you can avoid peak crowds and visit in the shoulder seasons (just before or after peak season). September and October are often ideal months because the crowds have gone and the weather is mild.
Each park has a unique list of things to do and see like Old Faithful in Yellowstone, Half Dome in Yosemite, giant Redwoods in Sequoia and the Grand Canyon in…well…the Grand Canyon. In addition, there are plenty of other activities in the parks like hiking, camping, horseback riding, rafting, spelunking, snorkeling, kayaking, fishing, swimming, rock climbing, wildlife watching, sandboarding, hang gliding and leaf peeping. There is an embarrassment of riches when it comes to things to see and do.
There are tons of volunteer opportunities in the parks (usually in exchange for free lodging). You can get more information about the Volunteer In Parks (VIP) program here or find specific volunteer opportunities here.
Most of the official park websites have Trip Planner pages. Just visit the NPS site for the park you want to visit and look for the link that says something like "Plan your visit" or "Trip Planner." Here's the Trip Planner page for the Grand Canyon so you can see an example.
Most National Parks don't allow pets, but there are some parks that do. Acadia (Maine), Shenandoah (Virginia) and Cuyahoga Valley (Ohio) have hundreds of miles of hiking trails open to you and your pet. Other parks, like Yosemite and the Grand Canyon, don't allow pets in certain areas of the park, but do have limited trails or other parts of the park where you can take your pet as long as they're on a leash. If you want to take your pet, do some research before you go. The NPS website for each park lists their official pet policy.
There are thousands of videos online about the national parks, but I wanted to highlight a series by Jim and Will Pattiz called More Than Just Parks. They are brothers and filmmakers and have set a goal to create a short film using time lapse photography for each of the national parks. The videos are amazing. Click on the Zion video for starters. That 4 minute video will do more to convince you to get out and enjoy the parks than anything I could ever say.
If you're thinking of visiting a park you might want to pick up a book or guide to help supplement the information you get from the park's website. Lonely Planet makes great guide books and they have guides designed for many of the parks available at Amazon. Also, on April 19 they are publishing National Parks of America: Experience America's 59 National Parks. It will be packed with photos as well as information, tips and sample itineraries for all 59 parks. If you're looking for amazing photos, Ansel Adams in the National Parks is also a great option.
There is a new IMAX film called National Parks Adventure that is narrated by Robert Redford. It not only provides a history of the parks, but follows modern day adventurers as they explore some of the best things the parks have to offer. Here is a list of cities and theaters where the film is playing.
As I mentioned earlier, Ken Burns has a wonderful, six part documentary on the parks. It used to be available for streaming on Netflix, but I don't see it there currently. You can try checking out a copy from your local library or it's available for purchase at Amazon if you'd like to buy a copy.
Photos by Jeff Gunn, Srini Sundarrajan, Michael Balint, Arches National Park and Tupulak. Used under Creative Commons License. Note that several of the Amazon links in this post are affiliate links. That means Amazon will pay me a small commission (at no additional cost to you) if you make a purchase using one of the links.
Note: This post is part of a weekend series I'm doing throughout 2015 that is focused on fun things to do (or learn) during retirement (i.e. bucket list items). I hope you enjoy them and use them as inspiration for your own adventures. Congrats to Dennis from our email subscribers who was the winner of this week's giveaway. There's an iTunes gift card on the way to your inbox Dennis. Feel free to use it toward the purchase of the time lapsing app discussed below.
Have you ever watched one those cool time lapse videos and asked yourself "I wonder how they did that?" Me too. So I added "learn to time lapse" to my bucket list. Time lapse is one of those things that has become infinitely more approachable with the advent of apps and the smart phone. Making a time lapse used to involve complicated and expensive equipment (which you can definitely still use if you want to make super high quality videos), but now just about anyone can make a cool time lapse video with equipment they already have in their pocket. Here's an easy guide on how to make time lapse videos with your smart phone.
Before jumping in, let's explain what time lapse is. Many people incorrectly assume that time lapse is just shooting a video and then speeding it up. In actuality, time lapse is a series of still photos that are strung together and played back to create a moving sequence. What makes it interesting is that the rate at which the photos are played back is faster than the rate at which they were captured. This allows you to see movement that your eye wouldn't normally pick up on. For example, you could take a picture of clouds every 10 seconds and then play those pictures back at 30 frames per second and you'd see the clouds rapidly changing and moving across the sky.
For beginners, all you should need is your smart phone, a tripod and an app to help you sequence and render the photos. The app I use is Lapse It, which is available for both iPhone and Android. (Note: Some smart phones like the iPhone have a time lapse setting, but it doesn't allow you to control any of the settings, so I prefer to use the app). If you already have a tripod, you'll need an adapter that will hold your smart phone.
One of the key benefits of time lapse is movement, so when composing your shot, you want to look for things with some sort of movement (e.g. clouds, sunrise, tides, traffic, etc.). Your camera needs to be still while taking the photos, so find an interesting scene, set your camera up on the tripod and you're ready to go. Note: Try to set up your camera where people won't be walking in front of it (unless people are the subject of your time lapse).
Once you're camera is set up, you'll need to set the frame rate. That is the number of seconds (or minutes) between each photo. Lapse It allows you to easily adjust the frame rate based on what you're trying to capture. If something is moving relatively quickly, you can set your frame to capture a photo every few seconds. If it's moving more slowly (sunrise for example), you can set your frame rate to capture a photo every 10-15 seconds.
Once you've chosen your subject, set up your camera and adjusted the settings, just hit the "capture" button to start taking photos. At this point you can sit back and relax, because it can take a bit to get enough photos for the video. For example, if you plan on playing photos back at 30 frames per second and you want a 30 second video, then you need 900 photos. If you're taking a picture of clouds every 10 seconds and you want to take 900 photos, then you need to take photos for 2.5 hours.
Once you've taken all the photos you need, just hit "stop" and Lapse It will automatically bring up the settings for rendering the final images. This is where you can choose the playback speed, add music or filters, trim the video, etc. Each time you adjust a setting, you can play back the sequence to see what your final video will look like. When you have it like you want it, just hit "render" and Lapse It will complete the project. Once it's done you can save the video to your camera roll or share it to social media like Instagram or Facebook.
What does the final product look like? I was in Belize a few weeks ago and took a quick time lapse of the sunrise. I'll put it below, but if you're reading this post in your email, you may need to visit Intentional Retirement to actually watch the playback. I'm still learning the ropes myself, so this isn't the best quality in the world, but you get the idea. Now you can give it a try yourself.
Note: This is part of a weekend bucket list series I'm doing throughout 2015 that is focused on fun things to do during retirement (i.e. bucket list items). I hope you enjoy them and use them as inspiration for your own adventures. I'm also doing a giveaway in conjunction with the series that you can read more about below.
It keeps your mind sharp. Recent studies show that engaging your brain keeps it sharp, improves your vocabulary, improves your memory, helps improve your reasoning ability and might even help delay the symptoms or onset of dementia.
It inspires you to do interesting things. We all want to live full and interesting lives. Reading gives you ideas of things to do and then inspires you to do them. It's difficult to read A Walk in the Woods by Bill Bryson, without being inspired to get up off the couch and plan your own hike. If you read My Life in France by Julia Child, you'll probably want to sign up for cooking classes or maybe even plan a trip to Paris. Reading is a great way to get ideas and inspiration for your bucket list.
It's fun and a low cost form of entertainment. I spend most Saturday mornings on the couch with a cup of coffee and whatever book I happen to be reading. Not only is it enjoyable and relaxing, but it's cheap entertainment (I get most of what I read from either the library or Amazon).
So in summary, reading gives you a better vocabulary. It makes you smarter and more interesting. It helps keep your mind sharp and improves your memory. It makes you a better conversationalist. It inspires you to do fun and interesting things. It's great entertainment. That's not a bad list of benefits.
Life is busy, so if you want to read more, you need to make it a priority. That said, here are a few tricks that helped me read more than 50 books last year.
Listen to audio books. I drive about 25 minutes to work every day (and 25 minutes home) and spend additional time driving to and from appointments. On average, I probably spend about 90 minutes in the car each day. Rather than listening to the radio, I listen to books. My local library has an App that allows me to download audio books for free, so I always have something to listen to. A little less than half of my reading list last year was audio books.
Speed-reading. I used to be a painfully slow reader, so a while back I did a learning challenge on speed-reading. Read through the article for ways to test and improve your reading speed.
Always take your book with you. I got this tip from Stephen King in his book On Writing. Everywhere I go I either have a book or my iPod with me. You'd be amazed at how much time you spend in waiting rooms, in line or otherwise standing around doing nothing. Take your book along and make use of the time.
Read stuff that you enjoy. If you want to read War and Peace, more power to you, but don't feel pressure to read things just because they're classics. Read what you enjoy. If you look through my list below you'll see Steinbeck and Dickens, but you'll also see about a half-dozen Jack Reacher novels, which are the literary equivalent of junk food. Who cares? I like them. I took a detective fiction class in college and since then I've always appreciated the genre. Read what you enjoy and you'll read more.
Below is a list of what I read during the first 2 years of my 10-year goal. I put Amazon links to each book in case you'd like to learn more about a particular book and possibly add it to your own reading list.
Giveaway: One of my favorite books last year was Sailing Alone Around the World by Joshua Slocum. In the 1890s, he became the first person to sail alone around the world and then he wrote a book about it. He's actually a really good writer, so in addition to being a great adventure tale, it's a story well told. This week's giveaway winner is a subscriber from our email updates list (congrats Karl!) so I'm sending him a copy of the book. Tune into future posts for more giveaways.
Note: Since I have my own books for sale on Amazon, I am a part of their Amazon Affiliate program. The links above are affiliate links, which simply means that if you buy a book after clicking one of the links, Amazon (at no additional cost to you) will pay me a small commission that I use to help cover the costs of this site. That's not why I recommend the books, of course, but I wanted to be sure to make you aware of it.


The physiological effects of Yin Yoga go beyond our muscles, working deeply into our connective tissues and joints. In this workshop you will learn the importance of maintaining the health of the body's connective tissues – ligaments and fascia – for the benefit of our structure as well as our overall health.
We will complement this work with self-myofascial release techniques, using our body weight on tennis balls and other props. Think of it as a very effective deep tissue massage that you can give to yourself! This is so beneficial for most people as we all have tight or achy spots from time to time, be it from a desk job, running, cycling, sports, carrying young children or simply getting older. You will leave this workshop with a calm mind accompanied by a greater sense of comfort and ease of movement in your body.
Cost: £28 / £25 conc.
Bookings: Click here to book online with BNHC or drop by in person at 27 Regent Street, Brighton BN1 1UL. Map.


The increasing importance of HSK has been the reason to design our Express 30 Course. It is undoubtedly the fastest way to pass your HSK exams with good results. In this course we stretch the student's language skills to the fullest. The class size is with 4 students small.
– want to challenge themselves and see how fast they can master Mandarin.
Click the button below to request a Free Trial Class and know more about our Express 30 course and our teaching methodology!
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Fill in the form below to request a Free Trial Class and know more about our Express 30 course and our teaching methodology!


text:
Q: How to query by number of related models in Loopback/SQL? I have a model Post, with a HasMany related model Ratings (also BelongsTo Post).
I want to find all of the Posts with more than 200 Ratings.
So far, the only solutions I can think of are:

*

*Get all of the posts, and manually filter them with a for loop.

*Add a column to the Posts table that manually updates as new ratings are added.

(1) is incredibly inefficient (there are thousands of posts), and (2) just doesn't seem right.
I'm using Loopback as a framework and would prefer a built-in solution, but I'm thinking native SQL is the only option here.

A: Find in Posts, use include rating and where filter by rating gt 200
See docs https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb2/Querying-related-models.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Shodan search engine reveals Industrial Control System (ICS) devices around the globe are directly connected to the Internet. After Shodan's inception in 2009, multiple news reports have focused on the increased threat to infrastructure posed by Shodan. While no attacks to date have been directly attributed to Shodan searches, its existence provides an anonymous reconnaissance platform that facilitates ICS targeting for those actors with both a desire and capability to carry out attacks. Recent research has demonstrated that simple search queries return thousands of ICS devices indexed by Shodan, and the number of newly indexed ICS devices is growing. This research discusses the method used to distinguish the Internet-facing ICS devices indexed by the Shodan search engine. PLC code is obtained by sending specifically crafted CIP request messages to the devices, capitalizing on the fact that authentication is not built in to the CIP application layer protocol. This data allows categorization of Internet-facing devices by comparing PLC code attributes. The results of this research show PLC code can be collected from Internet-facing ICS devices with no significant impact to task execution times. Also, this research demonstrates a method to distinguish Internet-facing ICS devices by function and by Critical Infrastructure sector. This capability develops an understanding of the function and purpose of ICS devices that are being connected to the Internet.
Williams, Paul M., "Distinguishing Internet-facing ICS devices using PLC programming information" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 524.


You could usually hear George before you saw him. He was a larger (and louder) than life Greek who ran a tiny but excellent fish'n'chippie at the Campbell shops. His standard opening joke was "eat here or takeaway?" which you knew was a joke not only because his shop was so small it had no tables or chairs, but also because he'd start laughing like a manic pirate captain straight afterwards.
The Campbell shops were just down the road from the Duntroon military base so there were always a lot of soldiers in there getting a lazy dinner. Years back the Queen was due to inspect the troops there in a full formal parade, but the soldiers had asked George to stand in her place for the dress rehearshal, and this is where George earned his crown. All over the walls of his shop were photos of him in front of hundreds of troops at full attention all saluting to him. The King.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Box.V2.Models;
using Box.V2.Models.Request;
using Box.V2.Test.Integration.Configuration;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Box.V2.Test.Integration
{
    [TestClass]
    public class BoxSignRequestManagerIntegrationTest : TestInFolder
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task CreateSignRequestAsync_ForCorrectSignRequestCreateRequest_ShouldCreateNewSignRequest()
        {
            var fileToSign = await CreateSmallFile(FolderId);
            var signRequestCreateRequest = new BoxSignRequestCreateRequest()
            {
                SourceFiles = new List<BoxSignRequestCreateSourceFile>()
                {
                    new BoxSignRequestCreateSourceFile()
                    {
                        Id = fileToSign.Id
                    }
                },
                Signers = new List<BoxSignRequestSignerCreate>()
                {
                    new BoxSignRequestSignerCreate()
                    {
                        Email = "sdk_integration_test@boxdemo.com",
                        RedirectUrl = new Uri("https://www.box.com/redirect_url_signer_1"),
                        DeclinedRedirectUrl = new Uri("https://www.box.com/declined_redirect_url_singer_1")
                    }
                },
                ParentFolder = new BoxRequestEntity()
                {
                    Id = FolderId,
                    Type = BoxType.folder
                },
                RedirectUrl = new Uri("https://www.box.com/redirect_url"),
                DeclinedRedirectUrl = new Uri("https://www.box.com/declined_redirect_url")
            };
            BoxSignRequest signRequest = await UserClient.SignRequestsManager.CreateSignRequestAsync(signRequestCreateRequest);
            Assert.IsNotNull(signRequest.Id);
            Assert.AreEqual(signRequestCreateRequest.SourceFiles[0].Id, signRequest.SourceFiles[0].Id);
            Assert.AreEqual(signRequestCreateRequest.RedirectUrl.ToString(), signRequest.RedirectUrl.ToString());
            Assert.AreEqual(signRequestCreateRequest.DeclinedRedirectUrl.ToString(), signRequest.DeclinedRedirectUrl.ToString());
            Assert.AreEqual(signRequestCreateRequest.ParentFolder.Id, signRequest.ParentFolder.Id);

            await UserClient.SignRequestsManager.CancelSignRequestAsync(signRequest.Id);

            signRequest = await UserClient.SignRequestsManager.GetSignRequestByIdAsync(signRequest.Id);
            Assert.AreEqual(signRequest.Status, BoxSignRequestStatus.cancelled);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task GetSignRequestAsync_ForExistingSignRequest_ShouldReturnSignRequest()
        {
            var signRequest = await CreateSignRequest();
            var fetchedSignRequest = await UserClient.SignRequestsManager.GetSignRequestByIdAsync(signRequest.Id);

            Assert.AreEqual(signRequest.Id, fetchedSignRequest.Id);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I'm trying to incorporate Unity Ads to stay compliant with GDPR for now, I have installed the extension and toolset manager. However whenever I place a Unity code block I receive an error.
And another behavior error that is where I placed the code, so that are obviously correlated since it isn't importing correctly.
*Edit: I noticed that in the manager extension, the General Page says that I haven't downloaded the byRobin Manager Engine Extension. So that's probably the issue, just don't know how to fix it as when I click download I receive an error.
Hi. Not sure how this extension works, but with Enhance, you can integrate Unity ads AND many of the other networks we support. We have also been hard at work making it easier for you to get your app GDPR compliant.
It would be interesting if you show us how the blocks work in Stencyl in an easy way, so people would have more confidence to implement and test the services.
An ad-serving solution that meets GDPR will be very useful.
Insanely useful, just to remove chances I had to keep my app from showing in Europe. As I was unable to make the Unity Ads work, I was going to do the same for my next app so if Enhance is GDPR compliant that would definitely be the go to ads extension for mobile right now.


Yes, we accept prepaid credit cards that operate on Visa and Mastercard circuits.
It is perfectly safe to pay with a credit card because the communications between our website and the bank are coded and cannot be traced by third parties.
If I leave my cards data in storage can they be used by third parties?
No, our dealers cannot display your data in any way. Furthermore, it is possible at any time to cancel the data left in storage by entering your own account.
What forms of payment are allowed?
Credit cards are the accepted form of payment. Alternatively you can pay cash on delivery, that is cash without additional expenditure to the courier that hands over the merchandise.
Yes, we accept payments from your Paypal account.
Yes, for purchases and shipping on the Italian territory, Artcrafts give the possibility of pay cash on delivery: signify that you can be pay the exact amount in cash to courier when he consign your package without additional expenditure.
Can I pay with PostePay?
Sure, PostePay it's a prepaid card that may be used on principal international Raceway. By looking at the logo on the rear side of you credit card you can verify wether it's qualified for Visa/Visa Electron or Marstercard circuit.


text:
Als Flaschenhalshülse wird eine Patronenhülse bezeichnet, die sich vorne verjüngt. Sie bildet den Verschlußabstand auf der Hülsenschulter.

Die Energie eines Geschosses ist von der Größe der Treibladung abhängig, daher wurden vor dem Aufkommen des rauchlosen Pulvers die Hülsen der Schwarzpulverpatronen verlängert, um die Mündungsgeschwindigkeit der Geschosse zu steigern. Mit dem Aufkommen kleinkalibriger Repetiergewehre wurde diese Lösung problematisch, lange Patronen bedingen einen langen Verschluss, was zu unhandlichen und schwereren Waffen führt. Zudem besteht die Tendenz, dass die Ladung bei einem zu langen Pulverraum nicht mehr gleichmäßig durchzündet, was zu Fehlschüssen führt.

Moderne Patronen, besonders Gewehrpatronen hoher Leistung, werden deshalb wegen der benötigten Treibladung flaschenförmig ausgeführt. Bei 1,4-fachem Hülsendurchmesser im Verhältnis zum Kaliber verdoppelt sich in etwa die Querschnittsfläche und mit ihr das Ladevolumen. Die Hülsen können daher bei gleicher Leistung entsprechend kürzer konstruiert werden. Der Volumenvergrößerung durch die Querschnittvergrößerung der Hülse sind Grenzen gesetzt, da die Querschnittvergrößerung zu Turbulenzen an der Hülsenschulter führt.

Handfeuerwaffen
In militärischen Handfeuerwaffen werden heute nur noch Patronen mit Flaschenhalshülsen verwendet, das letzte Militärgewehr, das im Zweiten Weltkrieg noch Munition mit zylindrischen Hülsen verschoss, war der amerikanische Karabiner M1.

Auch in der Jagd werden heute fast ausschließlich Flaschenhalspatronen verwendet, einzig ältere Kaliber, gewisse Schonzeitkaliber und Großwildpatronen wie die .458 Winchester Magnum haben noch zylindrische Hülsen.

Faustfeuerwaffen

Selbstladepistolen
Flaschenhalshülsen haben gegenüber zylindrischen Hülsen bei Faustfeuerwaffen einen entscheidenden Vorteil: die Form der Hülse erleichtert ihre Einführung ins Patronenlager. Aus diesem Grund waren die Patronen der ersten Selbstladepistolen ausschließlich Flaschenhalspatronen, wie z. B. die 7,65 × 25 mm Borchardt (1893), die 7,63-mm-Mauserpatrone (1896) und die 7,65 × 21 mm Luger (1900). Sie fanden im militärischen Bereich nur einen Nachfolger, die auf der 7,63 mm Mauser basierende sowjetische 7,62×25-mm-Patrone (1930). Als die ersten Selbstladepistolen in den USA entwickelt wurden, verwendeten deren Entwickler "aus unbekannten Gründen" zylindrische Patronen. Die Patronen der Automatic-Colt-Pistol-Serie waren dabei prägend für viele weitere Entwicklungen. Heute werden nur noch wenige Flaschenhals-Pistolenpatronen hergestellt, Beispiele sind die .357 SIG und die .400 Corbon.

Revolver
Auch Revolver eignen sich nicht für Flaschenhals-Patronen, da sich diese beim Schuss verformen, d. h. sich in der Länge ausdehnen und damit die Trommel blockieren. Dem 1961 auf den Markt gebrachten Smith & Wesson Model 53 Magnum Revolver für die .22-Remington-Jet-Patrone war aus diesem Grund kein Erfolg beschieden. Seine Herstellung wurde deshalb bereits 1974 wieder eingestellt.

Waffen mit verzögertem Masseverschluss
Bei Waffen mit verzögertem Masseverschluss wie dem deutschen HK G3 und dem schweizerischen Sturmgewehr 57 weichen Verschluss und Patronenboden unmittelbar nach der Zündung mit dem Druckaufbau in der Patronenhülse zurück. Gleichzeitig wird die sich verjüngende vordere Partie der Hülse durch den Gasdruck nach vorne gepresst und blockiert. Um Hülsenreisser zu vermeiden, müssen im sich vorne verjüngenden Teil des Patronenlagers Druckausgleichsrillen vorhanden sein. Der Innendruck auf den Hülsenkonus wird damit ausgeglichen.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Patronenhülsenform

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KMC Forums > Comic Book Forums > Spider-Man > How heroic is Spider-man?
Wanna hear what you guys think.
Yes, he saves people all the time.
But would he sacrifice himself for another person?
Here's an example, Hammerhead (or some other lame supervillain) shoots some homeless drunk. Spider-man can react in time to save the guy by taking the bullet himself. Will he do that?
doubtful, but it also depends. spidey normally wouldnt give his life for a random person he try to hit the bullet with a web or pull the guy towards him.
I believe that he's very heroic, but part of him is doing it for his uncle, and the other part for the notoriety he never had as Peter Parker. He was bullied, picked on, and everything else in high school, so now that he has these powers and people know he is, he wants to captilize on it. He wants to be known, hence why sometimes he can be seen as showing off.
On the other hand, he has those keywords from his uncle roaming around his head ("With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility" and hence he tries to help people to the best of his ability.
I think it all comes down to maturity in the end. Once he becomes more mature and older, he'll grow out of wanting to be known, and will be more focused on being the best hero possible, me thinks.
I dont think he does that for his uncle, its just his uncle's death made him realise the concequences of his actions. So he doesn't want something like that happen to anyone ever again.
That's sort of what I meant...but because of what happened to his uncle, he also understands the pain that comes with the loss of someone close to him, so he may also be out to prevent it from happening to anyone else.
he wouldn't die for anything short of his aunt, one of his friends, or the entire city.
I remember a book where Spider-man and and a girl he tried to save almost died from explosion. On the other side (or whatever they were) Peter met Thanos and Death and as far as I remember tried to convince them to release her if he stays. At least that's how i remember it, not sure. Read it many months ago.
Why would hammerhead shoot a drunk dude?
Read the post! Because he's a lame villain!
Spider-man can react in time to save the guy by taking the bullet himself. Will he do that?
Spiderman would just use his webbing and you know it misterahah His webshooters are broken.
Yes. I think so too. He has this "I wont let anyone ever get hurt again because Spider-man failed to act" thing going on.
Civil War. When Peter first gets the armor from Tony.
He knew that the suit was bulletproof Got any other examples?
I see him not doing it, i dont think he'd really think like that he'd probbly try to puch him out of the way or somrthing and fail. Now the question would he kill the guy for killing the random person right in front of him?
No, he wouldn't. Osborn is still alive, right? Not to mention that Spider-man would never EVER kill anyone on purpose. And on topic, If Peter is forced to choose to either save a life at the cost of his own or to let an innocent person die i'm pretty sure he wouldn't hesitate for a second and choose the first option.
lol i know that but he did say he would kill kingpin if may would have died.
lol i know that but he did say he would kill kingpin if may would have died. Yeah and that was badass I must say But he was probably BSing.
I hope he does kill or atleats beat osborn half to death at the end of dark reign That I'd love to see.
Yeah and that was badass I must say But he was probably BSing.
do you seriously think he wouldn't have.
I'm pretty sure that may and mary jane at the time were the only two people he wuld kill someone for. Like if she would have died and mephisto wouldn't help him he probbly would kill kingpin i could also see him willing going to jail like in his what if Im sure he wouldn't have. At first I actually wanted to see Peter rip him apart, but later realised that it would have ruined the character. The thing about Spider-man no matter how many people he cares about die he never goes Punisher. For some reason I tought of that while reading ultimate clone saga.
He was surprised when it happened, was he not?
Not really. But he scared the crap outta guy that shot him.


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Home \ Tag "can you become a jew"
Did Someone Corrupt the Torah 2,500 Years Ago? What did Jeremiah Mean by a 'Lying Pen of Scribes'?
Caller asks Rabbi Tovia Singer an intriguing question: Was the Jeremiah a contemporary of the Ezra, and did he accuse scribes of maliciously employing a 'lying pen' to corrupt the Torah 2,500 years ago?
Caller: Why are We Called 'Jews'? Explore Scripture with Rabbi Tovia Singer!
Rabbi Tovia Singer responds to a caller's fascinating question: Why and when were the Children of Israel called 'Jews'?


The team at Boss Body UK have put their heads together and decided to write a motivational piece for our viewers. Our aim is to switch you on and help give you some motivation if you are feeling down on it. It's not easy to always be 100% motivated in what it is that your doing. It's always good to seek help and advice from other people. Motivation comes from both external and internal forces. Motivational Team Quotes from Boss Body UK.
What makes you tick? What gets you going? What is it that you want to achieve? Are you lacking direction in where you are going? or do you just not have the energy or will power to do it? The key to the city, lies within. You are the cast in which you set your mould, do you fill it with dirt or fill it with gold? Life is a constant battle, everyday you wake up and your in it again. It's your opportunity to seize the day and do what you want to do, or just let it slip and pass you by. It's so easy to do the latter, however, what will you have to show for it. Sure it'll be alright, but it won't be great. Greatness comes from grasping that which others cannot, to do that you need to out play your opponent.
Are you training to better yourself? Great! Well so are many others, you are competing with invisible yet very real opponents. Every time you miss a day, you fall one step behind. It's your responsibility to not let that standard drop. It's your responsibility to prove it to yourself how great you are. Everyone can be good at something, but if you want to be great at it you need to give it your all, mind body and soul. If you don't have time, make time. If you don't know if you can or not, just do it. If you are worried, the only thing you have to fear is fear itself stay strong. In order to achieve anything, it starts off with one simple step. Planting that foot on the ground and shifting yourself forwards towards your dreams.
So get out there and do what it is you need to do. Push it to the limit, and then some.
Thanks for reading from the Boss Body UK team. Keep up your hard work. It will pay off, trust me.


As a Certified Health & Performance Coach, natural-born athlete, and die-hard foodie, I help women & girls tap into their inner athlete and become the best, unstoppable version of themselves that exists.
My coaching approach is simple….
There's no "one size fits all" solution for leading a great life. Each person is unique and their game plan for success should be too.
As your coach, I'm committed to acknowledging all of you, and understand that although you might have a specific objective (to be the highest goal scorer on your team, fit into your skinny jeans or simply balance and prioritize all of lifes responsibilities ) getting you there is going to take more than just cookie cutter advice.
I mean, if it were that easy, wouldn't you be your best self already?
I've learned there is usually something lacking or blocking you in a completely different area of life that's impacting your ability to reach your great potential, crush your goals and be successful.
My plan for you as my client is to first understand why you have a specific goal, so we are both clear and 100% bought in to achieving it. Then it's all about increasing your awareness, identifying your strengths, taking a look at what's currently working for you, and what's not, what obstacles you're running into, and what adjustments we can make to help you get around them, eliminate them, and achieve your goal, faster and easier than you ever thought possible!
How did I start doing this in the first place?
Every season I played a different sport (sometimes two) including tennis, soccer, horse back riding, ski racing and ice hockey. By the age of 14 I knew my passion was ice hockey and I ended up playing year round on travel teams, attending development camps and in the regular season playing for the very competitive all girls prep school, the North American Hockey Academy. I choose to go early decision to Middlebury College, where I played varsity ice hockey for 4 years, winning 3 NCAA championships, and also played on the women's varsity golf team for a semester. And then, in the blink of an eye, four years had come and gone and my athletic career was over.
So I embarked on the next phase of my journey.
I enrolled in the Institute for Professional Excellence in Coaching (iPEC). I became a Certified Professional Coach and a Core Performance Dynamics Specialist (fancy words for "I'm highly trained in the art of getting people out of their own way and changing the way they live their lives!"). I also attended the Institute for Integrative Nutrition, which gave me a solid nutritional background and taught me the core principles of hundreds of dietary theories.
I wholeheartedly believe that when you invest in yourself, lean into your natural born talents and realize what you're really capable of you become unstoppable and successful is inevitable.
I also believe that the lessons we learn through sports and fitness at every age are invaluable and help us embrace whatever life throws our way. We learn about commitment, dedication, respect, success and failure, keeping our composure, moving through struggle, how to effectively communicate, and be a team player and all of these things can be translated into the real world.
By leveraging my passion, education, and extensive and varied experiences I have developed a well-rounded and unique skill set. I know and understand how to be successful in endurance sports, team sports, individual sports, how to stay focused in the off-season, and most importantly, how to maintain a healthy and balanced lifestyle, that they enjoy.
It is my passion (and great pleasure) to help women tap into their inner athlete and create a life that they love living, because, when women feel amazing in their bodies and confident in their lives, the world is a wayyyy better place.
If I've sparked your interest and you'd like to learn more, book a free game changer call.


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Mexico Living & Lifestyle News | Topic | riviera maya | Page 1
Pantone Releases Color of the Year 2020 - Where to Find it in the Riviera Maya
Each year Pantone selects a "Color of the Year", and we think this year's Classic Blue hue could have been plucked straight from the landscape of Mexico's Riviera Maya! The "dependable and stable" blue tone was reportedly inspired by our collective desire for calmness and clarity, because Pantone says it "re-centers our thoughts." Whatever the inspo, we couldn't help but notice that Pantone's 19-4052 Classic Blue is found throughout the Mexican Caribbean, from the beaches of Playa del Carmen to Tulum, also making a regular appearance in the velvety night sky over our pristine tropical jungle.
Best Activities in Tulum: Snorkel and Dive the World's Largest Cenotes
In our unending quest to find the best activities in Tulum, it's impossible to overlook the fact that the world's largest underwater cave system - which are known as cenotes in the Riviera Maya region of Mexico - lis close by, offering ample opportunities for snorkeling and diving in the clean fresh water. As the cradle of Mayan culture, Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is also home to many different ancient archaeological zones that marvel visitors from around the world with their ancient mystique and breathtaking architecture.
Cozumel Isla Mujeres or Holbox: Best Yucatan Peninsula Beaches
Trying to choose between Cozumel, Isla Mujeres or Holbox is like trying to decide between fine wine and top-shelf scotch; it really just depends what you want to have with it as a main course! All three of these pristine Mexican Caribbean islands are home to some of the best beaches in the world and offer many unique activities.
Top 5 Beach Clubs That Capture the Tulum Lifestyle
Situated just south of Puerto Aventuras and Playa del Carmen on the Mexican Caribbean Sea, the Tulum lifestyle offers easy access to the best beaches in the world and – not surprisingly – some of the most amazing beach clubs you could find anywhere as well.
Here's our list of the top five beach clubs in Tulum right now:
Papaya Playa Project
Ziggy's Beach Club
Coco Tulum Beach Club
Villa Pescadores
Meet the 5 Mexico Beaches Named Best in the World for 2019
A new report by International Living has named five Mexico beaches among the world's best, including Cancun, Cozumel, and Tulum on the Yucatan Peninsula's Caribbean coast, along with Puerto Vallarta and Sayulita on the country's Pacific coast. Here's a brief rundown of what makes each one of these Mexico beaches stand out from the crowd, along with some insider tips designed to make your next beach vacation one you will never forget!
Enjoy the Beautiful Mexican Beaches in Cozumel Island to Swim
By now you might have heard about the sargassum that has been coming to shore in parts of the Caribbean and Riviera Maya, but the beautiful beaches in Cozumel are pristine, great for swim and free of the seaweed. Situated off the coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, just a quick ferry ride from downtown Playa del Carmen, Cozumel is home to one of the world's top cruise ship ports and is a major beach and diving destination, offering easy access to everything the magical Riviera Maya has to offer.
3 Lesser-Known Beautiful Cenotes to Explore Near Tulum, Mexico
Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is home to many natural wonders, including countless freshwater cenotes, which are pristine underground caves and sinkholes where you can swim, snorkel and dive, entering a subterranean world in the limestone bedrock that is both surreal and incredibly beautiful. Pronounced "say-note-tays," many Riviera Maya cenotes are well-known and already quite popular among tourists, but there are also quite a few others waiting to be discovered just off the beaten path.
Here are three of our favorite lesser-known cenotes about 45 minutes away near Tulum in Mexico's Riviera Maya, all situated close to one another and just ten minutes from the ancient Mayan ruins of Coba!
5 Non-Touristy Things to Do in Playa del Carmen, Mexico
The Riviera Maya is one of the world's top vacation destinations, stretching more than 80 miles south of Cancun along Mexico's Caribbean coast, where travelers enjoy gorgeous white sand beaches and an incredible array of activities that simply can't be found anywhere else in the world. With so much to choose from the options can feel a bit overwhelming, so here are five non-touristy things to do in Playa del Carmen that will make your next Mexico vacation a truly unforgettable experience and create memories to last a lifetime.
Get Closer to Nature and Experience Mayan Culture in the Riviera Maya
No visit to Cancun or the Riviera Maya region of Mexico is complete without exploring the ancient Mayan culture of the Yucatan Peninsula and Caribbean coast, which is home to a wide variety of ancient ruins and where many indigenous communities still thrive to this day. But if you're looking for an exciting new adventure that will take you even deeper into the magical world of the Maya people, Maya Ka'an offers visitors a sustainable, back-to-nature cultural experience that is unlike anything else in the world.
Fun Things to Do in Puerto Morelos, Riviera Maya Mexico
Situated about 25 minutes south of the Cancun International Airport and only 35 minutes north of downtown Playa del Carmen, the onetime sleepy fishing village of Puerto Morelos has retained its small-town charm despite its growing popularity as a vacation destination for international beach bums. Today, Puerto Morelos offers a more laid-back, boutique vacation experience than what you will find in the Riviera Maya's larger neighboring towns along the Mexican Caribbean coast.
4 Must-Visit Underwater Caves in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula
Although the Riviera Maya region just south of Cancun is perhaps best known for having the best beaches in the world, Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is also home to thousands of beautiful freshwater cenotes (pronounced say-note-tays) that offer fantastic places to swim, snorkel or - for more adventurous travelers - experience cave diving in the world's most stunning underwater caverns. Considered to be sacred by the ancient Mayans, these natural sinkholes are still an important water source for the Yucatan Peninsula and also represent one of the Riviera Maya's most exciting tourism offerings.
Here are four of our favorite cenotes in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, offering incredible photo ops and a fun way to support both the local Mayan culture and indigenous businesses!
Expedia Reveals Top 5 Trending Beach Destinations in Mexico Right Now
For some travelers, nothing beats a day at the beach and Mexico is home to some of the best beaches in the world! Here's a roundup of the top five trending beach vacation destinations in Mexico for this year, along with some insider tips on the best times to travel, where to stay and what to do.
Riviera Maya Beaches Earn 21 Blue Flag Certifications for Mexico
The new list of 2019-2020 Blue Flag Beach Certifications makes it easier than ever to find the best beaches in Mexico's Riviera Maya, with 20 white-sand beaches in the Mexican Caribbean making the coveted list this year! About half of the Blue Flag Beaches in Mexico's Riviera Maya are located in Cancun, with the others located nearby in Playa del Carmen, Isla Mujeres and Puerto Morelos.
4 Eco-Tours Near Playa del Carmen that Promote a Connection with Nature
Situated in the heart of Mexico's Riviera Maya just south of Cancun on the Caribbean Sea, downtown Playa del Carmen is a growing, vibrant city with a distinct international feel that serves as a hub of activity in the region. Travelers can choose from a seemingly endless array of exciting tours and activities, including a variety of eco-friendly excursions designed to bring you closer to nature and help all travelers develop a deeper understanding of the fragile natural beauty that has made the Riviera Maya coastline one of the world's top vacation destinations.
Sargassum Seaweed Update for Mexico's Riviera Maya Beaches in 2019
They say "necessity is the mother of all Invention," and that is certainly proving to be true when it comes to how beaches in Mexico's Riviera Maya are combatting the sargassum seaweed problem, with the celebrated local fishing village of Puerto Morelos leading the charge. The Mexican Federal Government is also busy working out a course of action and has assigned massive resources to remove sargassum from the beaches of the Riviera Maya and throughout the state of Quintana Roo.


A tax audit is highly stressful, even when you are certain that your tax returns are in order. If your returns include some entries that are questionable, you face the possibility of significant penalties, including prison time for false or fraudulent tax returns.
Regardless of your circumstances, you should not talk with the IRS without legal counsel. Statements you make can enable the IRS to verify certain facts it suspects to be true, or lead it to focus its inquiries in a particular area, placing you in legal jeopardy.
Cushing & Dolan, P.C., has a team of highly experienced tax audit lawyers. We are skilled at identifying the reasons for IRS audits and presenting persuasive arguments to IRS audit agents. Whenever possible, our goal will be to demonstrate that you are in compliance and put the matter to rest. If our analysis shows that you have made mistakes or do owe taxes, we can negotiate a fair offer in compromise, payment plan or reduction in taxes owed.
Leo J. Cushing, founder of Cushing & Dolan, P.C., previously worked in the tax department of the Big Eight accounting firm of Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young). Mr. Cushing also served as a forensic accountant and an Assistant Attorney General for the Massachusetts Attorney General's Office, where he handled tax compliance matters involving business owners, high net worth clients and other individuals facing tax problems. Mr. Cushing and the other tax professionals at our firm stand ready to help you.
Before you panic, get legal help. The IRS issues audit notices for a number of reasons, and you may not be in any trouble. If your returns do contain irregularities or omissions, Cushing & Dolan, P.C., will vigorously represent you.
To schedule a free consultation about a tax audit or other tax matter, contact Cushing & Dolan, P.C.


text:
Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan
Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. / Otaegui, Amaia Arranz; Gonzalez Carretero, Lara; N. Ramsey, Monica; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Richter, Tobias.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 17.07.2018.
Otaegui, AA, Gonzalez Carretero, L, N. Ramsey, M, Fuller, DQ & Richter, T 2018, 'Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801071115
Otaegui, A. A., Gonzalez Carretero, L., N. Ramsey, M., Fuller, D. Q., & Richter, T. (2018). Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, [201801071]. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801071115
Otaegui AA, Gonzalez Carretero L, N. Ramsey M, Fuller DQ, Richter T. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2018 Jul 17. 201801071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801071115
Otaegui, Amaia Arranz ; Gonzalez Carretero, Lara ; N. Ramsey, Monica ; Fuller, Dorian Q. ; Richter, Tobias. / Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2018.
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author = "Otaegui, {Amaia Arranz} and {Gonzalez Carretero}, Lara and {N. Ramsey}, Monica and Fuller, {Dorian Q.} and Tobias Richter",
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AU - Richter, Tobias
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From time to time, human beings have reflected upon how life began on earth. Many people in the past believed (and some of us in the present still believe) that "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth." Others, styling themselves "modern," reject such notions in favor of this or that new theory, baptized at the font of "science."
It ought to be apparent upon some reflection that any or all of these theories, when pushed back to their ultimate bases, can be said to be either theistic or materialistic. Either matter always existed, and somehow produced all living forms from its inanimate self; or some form of intelligence or divinity has always existed, able to design and bring about life. (Another alternative is that nothing always existed, and that something - indeed, everything we see today - came from nothing.) We accept the thesis that it is as easy (and requires as much faith) to believe one as to accept another.
It is surely equally obvious that none of these proposed explanations are "scientific" but rather are philosophical or religious. Whatever position one chooses to believe, the origin of life was not observable, repeatable, or testable. This can prove to be quite frustrating for anyone who chooses to limit "knowledge" to what can be quantified or studied empirically.
In this article, we ask our readers to consider briefly with us some of the possible alternatives for the origin of life, beginning with the proposed "chemical" theory that life could have begun in some primeval soup. We believe that the simple declarative statement, "by the word of the Lord were the heavens made . . . for He spoke, and it was done" (Psa. 33:6,9) will not suffer by comparison.
We begin our consideration of the origin of life with an examination of a popular theory ("proven" in the popular mind by experimental demonstrations by Oparin, Miller & Urey, Fox, and others). These empirical demonstrations whereby life's basic building blocks may be produced by passing an electrical discharge through certain chemicals in a closed system are certainly impressive, even elegant, in their conception and execution. Of course, one may argue that they simply demonstrate that intelligence can re-arrange existing materials into other forms. They certainly do not address the more basic question of how chemicals and electricity came to be in the first place. And they make large and unprovable assumptions about the nature of the early atmosphere which would have been necessary to have produced such experimental work writ large in nature.
But there are other problems as well. If one dismisses all the above considerations and objections and accepts by faith that it could or might have happened that way, the question remains: How likely is it that life began in this way? Now, I am no chemist (as may already be evident), so like most others, I must rely on the testimony of those who are.
One such individual is Nobel Prize-winner Francis Crick. His 1981 book, Life Itself. Its Origin & Nature is a good short summary of some of the concepts sketched above. Crick makes an attempt to calculate whether it is highly likely or very unlikely that life arose from some chemical broth. His conclusion (which we will consider in our next installment) is that one really cannot tell.
Does that mean that Crick considers creation of life by God a reasonable alternative hypothesis? Certainly not, since he declares "the limitless powers of God" to be "a doubtful proposition at best" (p. 25). Does he then have some other hypothesis to propose? He certainly does - but don't hold your breath. (Continued).


text:
Vocabulary of agency: development and assessment of a generic conceptual framework to guide action-oriented research in multiple domains
Dash, D. P. (1999) Vocabulary of agency: development and assessment of a generic conceptual framework to guide action-oriented research in multiple domains. PhD thesis, University of Lincolnshire and Humberside.
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Available under License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
Thesis (PhD)
The study has produced a generic conceptual framework for action-oriented research to guide such research in multiple domains of application. The conceptual framework has been expressed in terms of the "vocabulary of agency." It contains the notions of agency, enhancing agency, resource, roles, mobility, form of interaction, agency-enhancing device, local learning, global learning, operational coupling, etc. The conceptual framework has been subjected to a multi-stage process of assessment. The assessment shows that the conceptual framework has a certain generality in addressing a whole range of issues being discussed in management systems thinking and action research fields. Besides, the framework also seems capable of functioning as an effective guide in designing and conducting action-oriented research projects in several domains of application. The framework is expected to facilitate transfer of insights from research fields which investigate complex, interactive, and collective phenomena. It is also expected to guide action-oriented research in the direction of increasing the general capacity to bring forth new and useful resources in multiple domains.
Management studies, Management systems, Action research, Systems thinking, Research utilisation, Agency, Agency-enhancing device, Action research in India, Reflective practice, Research practice
N Business and Administrative studies > N200 Management studies
N Business and Administrative studies > N290 Management studies not elsewhere classified
Lincoln International Business School


Writer, choreographer, director, performer, teaching artist Sandra Hughes creates and provides artistic content for original productions and also adapts productions from existing sources. Productions are presented locally, nationally and internationally. Venues and mediums include indoor and outdoor stages, television, film and radio.
Ms. Hughes also conceives and designs large-scale visual art installations and visual art elements for exhibit and presentation in conjunction with productions.
Workshops for adults and youth facilitated by Ms. Hughes are available if needed to generate design elements for visual art items and art installations as well as content for productions.
Sandra Hughes is the Producing Artistic Director of Gateway Performance Productions.
A centenary commemoration of Ireland's Easter Rising with an historic African-American dimension.
Classic quotes and contemporary community grievances are given artistic expression.
A commemoration and celebration of the Chinese Year of the Dragon.
A commemoration of the 150th Anniversary of the U.S. Civil War and a tribute to 12 Natural Springs located in Atlanta.
The birth of Dalton's worldwide textile industry emerges from a handcrafted gift made by a local resident.
Additional Support: National Endowment for the Arts, Alternate ROOTS, Creative Arts Guild, Whitfield-Murray Historical Society, Brookwood School and PTA, Prater's Mill Foundation, Charter Media, Peacock Alley Antique Gallery.
Created for an annual Peace and Reconciliation Project in N. Belfast.
In ancient Ireland there were only two seasons – ruled over by two sisters, The Summer Queen and The Winter Queen. Their sibling rivalry creates the changing seasons.
A bevy of fantastic mask characters perform dramatic enactments of events in Irish history as well as whimsical works full of comedy and physical humor. Performed in the English and Irish languages.
Learning a few words in the Irish language while experiencing a dramatic enactment of the ancient Irish Ulster myth of Emain Macha restore a despondent lad to his most cheerful self.
A tribute to Gallup's history and people that includes The Diné Code-Talkers (often referred to as the Navajo Code Talkers), the closing of the Japanese school during World War II, the building of the railroad and the impact of the film industry.
Your hugely ambitious project (We Have Risen) was entirely successful and perfectly timely. It is ideal for Atlanta in this centenary year.
The McCracken Cultural Society aims to include different age groups, social, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and to provide a forum where people can feel free to come participate, learn and exchange points of view in a positive and tolerant environment. A Mummers Tale (of the Seasons) dealt with a Celtic perspective on the changing seasons with music, commentary and mime. The Great Hall was filled to capacity … children plus adults … and while Gateway (Performance Productions) encouraged audience participation they could scarcely have foreseen the lively enthusiasm and overwhelming response shown by the young people in attendance, especially when the sweets and fruits were produced! This proved to be a highly successful family event — and we must also thank Gateway for their very full participation in other aspects of the school, as they attended the beginners' Irish class. They were the perfect guests in every aspect.
I wanted to write to express my thanks to everyone involved in the organization of the McCracken Summer School. I had a wonderfully enjoyable and stimulating week … I hope the North Belfast Tourism Project can continue to support the development of the school as a beacon of what can be done to bring visitors from all around the world to North Belfast.


RealSalt is a balanced mineral salt that comes form Utah. We recommend adding this salt to your IonCleanse® foot bath to increase the conductivity of your water. It also adds flavor and nutrients to your cooking!


text:
Q: Merge 2 views in sql So I have two views with the same data structure. Num is a type of int. I want the num with the same id add up together. I don't think union can do this kind of merge. Can anyone help me with it?
View1:
 id   | num |
-------+-----+
     A |   4 |
     B |   6 |
     C |   7 |

View2:
 id   | num |
-------+-----+
     A |   1 |
     D |   2 |
     C |   3 |

expected View:
 id   | num |
-------+-----+
     A |   5 |
     B |   2 |
     C |  10 |
     D |   2 |

A: SELECT Z.id,SUM(Z.num) AS num
  FROM
(
SELECT * FROM View1
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM View2
) Z
GROUP BY Z.id
ORDER BY Z.id;


text:
Natural Selection: Critics question choice of site for new Frick Environmental Center
"I see a beautiful wilderness that's going to be bulldozed to build a nature center."
By Rebecca Nuttall
Photo by John Colombo
Harriet Stein fears the new Frick Environmental Center will cost the park too many mature trees
When Henry Clay Frick died in 1919, he gave the city 151 acres of land, and a $2 million trust to create and maintain a park. The city park that bears his name has since grown to encompass 644 acres, making it Pittsburgh's largest. But Frick's original bequest, now called the Frick Woods Nature Reserve, has largely remained a wilderness area, filled with native plants for locals to enjoy.
If all goes as planned, two years from now the reserve will also be home to a new environmental education center, complete with a redesigned parking lot featuring a canopy for solar and rainwater collection.
The new Frick Environmental Center, planned by the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy, has been designed to meet cutting-edge environmental standards, including the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification and the Living Building Challenge. The green facility will be net-zero energy and water, feature a geothermal heating and cooling system, and include recycled wood.
But critics are saying the greenest thing the conservancy could do would be to build the center somewhere else. And they wonder whether increasing environmental awareness is more valuable than protecting the environment itself.
"I see a beautiful wilderness that's going to be bulldozed to build a nature center," says longtime park patron Harriet Stein, who lives in Hazelwood. "You can't bulldoze a park to build an institution, and plant some trees and say that's good enough."
The new $15.9 million center will serve as a hub for programs like youth summer camps and other special events. It will contain classrooms, public restrooms, offices for the center's staff, a reception area and a 60-to-80-seat amphitheatre. The new center will be located near the Beechwood Boulevard entrance the park, on the site of the old Frick Environmental Center, which burned down in 2002.
But construction, which is anticipated to last two years, will affect approximately 10 acres of the park, though only five acres will be closed off by a fence. A portion of the park, including some trails and a nearby parking lot, will be closed during that time. Building the structure will require cutting down 95 mature trees and uprooting countless wildflowers. PPC has already begun relocating some of the wildflowers, and plans to plant some 195 trees, doubling the existing population.
Even so, and despite the fact that the new structure would replace an old one, critics worry about the impact. Stein says newly planted trees could take as long as 80 years to mature, and construction of the facility will disrupt wildlife habitats.
She and several other Frick Park patrons worry about the impact of an influx of students: Stein says increased school-bus traffic will detonate a "diesel bomb" in the area.
While Stein applauds the work the environmental center has done with youth over the years, she says the PPC is looking at economic benefits of the development (like providing jobs to construction workers) instead of how the center will impact the Frick Woods Nature Reserve.
"I think everyone thinks this is a good idea, because they're not looking at the bigger picture," Stein says. "It's a capitalistic enterprise disguised as environmentalism."
PPC acknowledges there will be some environmental costs: "It's challenging to see so many trees taken out; it's hard, admittedly," says Marijke Hecht, the Conservancy's director of education. "Unfortunately it's impossible to do a construction project without removing some trees."
Still, she says, she can't see how the center could be viewed negatively.
"Environmental education serves so many functions," says Hecht. "It provides a hands-on way for kids to understand the world around them. All of our programs have some stewardship component. The kids are planting trees; they're helping to curb erosion."
Since the original center burned down, the center's staff has continued to run a variety of educational programs for youth in the park, but needs more space to expand the programs to more participants. What's more, Hecht says, the facility will be a model for green building. There are only five "living buildings" in the world. In order to qualify, the building must be constructed from environmentally safe local materials, filter and treat all waste water, and use 40 percent less energy than similar buildings.
"Especially early [on,] the biggest concern we heard was footprint. Because [the site is] so wild-feeling, a concern we heard is how is it going to feel," Hecht says. "But our footprint is slightly smaller than the original building, and we have more usable square feet. We were trying to be as light as we can. What we wanted to do is make it small, so we're not taking a lot of land."
Allegheny County issues another fine to US Steel for air pollution violation
Petition asks Central Catholic to reverse hair-ban that a student says is 'outdated' and unfairly targets Black students
The results are in: Here's who's using medical marijuana in Pennsylvania, and why
The Three Rivers Arts Festival's Emerging Artist Program provides mentorship and assistance to new artists
By Meg Fair
Does anybody outside of Pittsburgh care about the Three Rivers Arts Festival?
Libraries take a hit from Amazon not collecting extra sales tax
Language app Duolingo uses LGBTQ-inclusive language in its lessons
African American Inventors Day Camp (Ages 8-10)
@ Assemble
Pittsburgh has a lot of flipped homes recently. What does that mean for the region?


Building on Snarkitecture's exploration of excavation as an architectural process, the Topographies Collection transforms a three-dimensional exercise into a two-dimensional wall covering. Stacks of paper were torn by hand to reveal a stepped topography, implying an unknown architectural depth within the image. The textured contours play between the looseness and depth of the torn excavations and the prevision and flatness of the wall surface. Alluding to the aging process of layered wallcoverings, Snarkitecture's design reveals an unexpected relationship between destruction and construction. The sun's heat shimmers on Desert's smooth horizon.


text:
Connecticut Workers Comp Commission Chairman's Latest Memorandum
The Hon. Stephen M. Morelli, Chairman of the Connecticut Workers Compensation Commission, Issues Memorandum.
The Chairman's Memo concerns the role of Physicians Assistants and Advanced Nurse Practitioners (APRN's) in the delivery of services to our injured workers. In sum, the Chairman's memo equates these providers to MDs and D.O.s in weight of opinion as to causation of an injury as well as a plan for treatment. The memo is reproduced in its entirety below.
Update to Professional Guide for Attorneys, Physicians, and Other Health Care Practitioners Guidelines for Cooperation (Role of Physician Assistants and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses)
MEMORANDUM NO. 2019-14
TO: WCC Commissioners, District Administrators, Advisory Board, Legal Advisory Board, Medical Advisory Panel, Medical Practitioners, Medical Care Plans, Self-Insureds, Insurance Carriers, Attorneys and Unions
FROM: Stephen M. Morelli, Chairman
RE: Update to Professional Guide for Attorneys, Physicians, and Other Health Care Practitioners Guidelines for Cooperation (Role of Physician Assistants and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses)
The Workers' Compensation Commission is issuing an update to the Professional Guide for Attorneys, Physicians, and Other Health Care Practitioners Guidelines for Cooperation.
This update deals specifically with the definitions to the roles of Physician Assistants and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses, to bring them in line with Memorandum No. 2018-04 and the Official Connecticut Practitioner Fee Schedule Guidelines.
The updated Professional Guide for Attorneys, Physicians, and Other Health Care Practitioners Guidelines for Cooperation can be found at https://wcc.state.ct.us/download/acrobat/proguide.pdf.


text:
Former LNC chair interviewed on RT television
By Staff on October 6, 2016 in News
Dr. James Lark
Former Libertarian National Committee chair Dr. James Lark was interviewed on Russia Today on September 27.
"'Many Americans have now come to the conclusion that the debates – while interesting and in some ways entertaining – are certainly lacking in the sort of having the wider perspective that other parties can provide,' he told RT.
"'The Libertarian Party is on the ballot on all 50 states and the District of Columbia. This is a very difficult test to perform. I think that many people would like to hear Governor Johnson's perspective. Even if they don't agree with the Libertarian perspective with respect to various important issues, they still feel that that perspective should be represented,' he said.
"A number of media outlets were urging American voters not to support third party candidates, telling them they have to vote for 'the lesser of two evils'. James Lark says that approach is not particularly right.
"'For those people who believe in limited government, getting government back to its proper role of protecting rights, I tell them that my crystal ball broke a long time ago. I don't know what the right strategy is. I don't tell people for whom they should vote. I tell people however, I want to vote for someone who believes in individual liberty coupled with personal responsibility. The vote for a third party candidate, such as Governor Johnson, will have a much bigger impact on this election than voting for 'the lesser of evils', Lark said."
Click here to watch the interview. (Scroll down page to "Debates lack wider perspective as third parties not allowed.")
Governor Gary Johnson's address to the University of Chicago


The 2019 Show attendance totalled 73,464 down 5% from 2018, having experienced 8 out of the 10 days with major snowfall, ice and extreme cold across the province effecting travel for show-goers.
New for 2019, the Toronto Boat Show hosted a major event: The Toronto Indoor Wakeboard Championship. Pro riders in both men's and women's categories competed for $10,000 in prize money. The event attracted pro riders, including the world's No. 1 female rider Meagan Ethell, and 2018 Rider of the Year Guenther Oka, competing in front of more than 5,000 consumers each day of the championship.
Also new for 2019, the Toronto show introduced a very successful Women's Day, a full day program of seminars, workshops, on the water docking lessons and in vehicle trailering attended by over 100 women.
In the Food Court at the Show, Smokercraft showed off the Mirage 8524 that recently won the National Marine Manufacturer's Association (NMMA) and Boating Writers International (BWI) award as the overall winner of the pontoon boat category. Quinns Marina in Pefferlaw sold the boat - first boat off the production line sold in Canada. With the touch of two buttons the boat's unique rear lounge seat transforms into a bar unit for an attractive social area.
Save the Date: The 62nd Toronto International Boat Show is scheduled for January 17 – 26, 2020 at the Enercare Centre, Exhibition Place.


I had a wonderful evening. I was sitting in my sewing room working on this Solar System sundress, the picture of which, for some inexplicable reason, came in sideways. Add that to the list of things to fix. So, I am sitting here, happily sewing away, and the phone rings. It was a group of college students needing help completing an assignment for their astronomy class, which is due tomorrow.
Now, as you may have guessed from the theme of the sundress, I like astronomy. A lot. These students found me on one of my other websites, http://www.stellarexperiences.com. Being the kind hearted soul I am, and a suckered for an opportunity to impart astronomy on someone, I dropped my sewing project, changed clothes, packed some astronomy gear, and headed off to Shelter Island. I spent a couple hours teaching a very nice lady and Marine Corps veteran the wonders of the night sky, highlighting Saturn, Mars, Sagittarius and Scorpius, and helping to ensure she had enough info for the paper she had to write on her trip to a planetarium, observatory, or night sky tour, and quizzing her on information for her final exam in two days. It was amongst the best evenings I have had in quite a while: it started off with one favorite hobby, and ended with the other.
And most people think sewing and astronomy have nothing to do with one another. Ha!!
Thanks for reading, and I hope to see you hear again soon.


text:
namespace kudu {

class Random;

// Writes exactly n random bytes to dest using the parameter Random generator.
// Note RandomString() does not null-terminate its strings, though '\0' could
// be written to dest with the same probability as any other byte.
void RandomString(void* dest, size_t n, Random* rng);

// Same as the above, but returns the string.
std::string RandomString(size_t n, Random* rng);

// Generate a 32-bit random seed from several sources, including timestamp,
// pid & tid.
uint32_t GetRandomSeed32();

} // namespace kudu

#endif // KUDU_UTIL_RANDOM_UTIL_H


Today VMI has officially inaugurated a new stamping press.
We are pleased to inform you that Marc Laisné and his management team have acquired the majority of the shares of H-VMI holding company.
Audited by Bureau Veritas, we have been renewed our certification ISO 14001. This new certificate is valid until May 16th 2018.
Today VMI has acquired the assets of the former I-CONNECTICABLE, which include overmolding and technical wiring harness manufacturing equipment.
Audited by Bureau Veritas, we have been renewed our double certification ISO TS 16949 and ISO 9001. This new certificate is valid until June 12th 2017.


"Chad, you shouldn't be joking.You're going to give this letter to a trusted bicycle courier. My friend I'm writing can help us; he knows my writing. Pretend the courier outside the hotel side entrance is a buddy." Sam instructed.
Chad gulped, quickly leaving the hotel room. He walked to the side entrance of the hotel expecting a guy his age on a bike.
Instead, he found a trashed bicycle. There was no courier, only drops of blood.
Chad ran as fast he could back to his hotel room terrified. He thought he had taken the right turn, but when he turned around he saw he was at room 395 and not 305.
"Are you lost hon?" A smiling hotel maid asked him.
"No you're not. You are definitely not fine Chad." A deep voice said.
Chad peered behind him to see his Uncle Sam standing there. Sam shot the maid through the head and collected a gun the maid had hidden in her uniform.
"You can't trust anyone." Uncle Sam told Chad harshly.
Chad followed his Uncle out of the hotel, clutching the calligraphy written letter in his hand.


In a sprit of joy and pride you are preparing for the celebration of the canonization of Blessed Marguerite Bourgeoys and Blessed Jeanne Delanoue.
[…] The event of canonization gives rise to a question that may be addressed to your communities, whether on the diocesan or national level. Is it reasonable to assume that men and women can attain holiness in today's world? Do people aspire to holiness? Do they take the means to become saints?
On Saturday, October 18, CNWE-NB (Catholic Network for Women's Equality – New Brunswick) had a Fall day of Reflection, featuring a presentation from Mary Hanson, a Congregation of Notre Dame Associate from Woodstock sharing about her summer visit to the Philippines. Mary travelled with 13 other Canadians on a Development and Peace organized trip. David Lewis, a CNWE member from Saint John spoke about D & P and this year's fall campaign: Sow Much Love (see www.devp.org).


Fairfield High School (FHS) is proud of its canteen; so much so that it has recently invested much time and effort into renaming/rebranding the space – to 'World Canteen' – to reflect the different cultures and ethnicities which represent 'Team Fairfield'; this is also reflected in the variety of food on offer, created as healthily as possible.
FHS doesn't just focus on breaks and lunches; it is delighted to announce that it has joined the government's National School Breakfast Programme (NSBP), which is being delivered by the charities Family Action and Magic Breakfast.
This enables Fairfield to offer hundreds of staff and students a FREE healthy school breakfast (bagels and cereals), so that students are settled and ready to learn at the start of the school day.
Its salad, fruit and cheese pots are all made from Vegware – plant based disposables made from renewable, lower carbon or recycled materials, and all can be composted with food waste where accepted.
Finally, following an unannounced food inspection, Fairfield is delighted to announce it received a rating of 5, the highest possible.
For those that haven't visited yet, they're very welcome. There are plenty of opportunities at forthcoming events, including our School Production & Summer Gala… please visit www.fairfield.bristol.sch.uk regularly for updates.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using PetaTest;

namespace ToolGood.Algorithm
{
    [TestFixture]
    class AlgorithmEngineTest_string
    {
        [Test]
        public void ASC_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("asc('abcABC123')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "abcABC123");
        }
        [Test]
        public void Jis_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("jis('abcABC123')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "abcABC123");
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("WIDECHAR('abcABC123')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "abcABC123");
        }

        [Test]
        public void CHAR_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("char(49)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "1");
        }

        [Test]
        public void CLEAN_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("clean('\\r112\\t')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "112");
        }
        [Test]
        public void code_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("code('1')", 0);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, 49);
        }

        [Test]
        public void CONCATENATE_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("CONCATENATE('tt','33')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "tt33");
        }
        [Test]
        public void EXACT_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("EXACT('tt','33')", false);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, false);
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("EXACT('tt','tt')", true);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, true);
        }
        [Test]
        public void FIND_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("FIND(\"11\",\"12221122\")", 0);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, 5);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FIXED_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("FIXED(4567.89,1)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "4,567.9");
            //t = engine.TryEvaluate(" FIXED(4567.89,-1)", "");//iserror
            //Assert.AreEqual(t, "4,570.0");
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("FIXED(-4567.89, 1, TRUE())", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "-4567.9");
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("FIXED(77.888)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "77.89");
        }

        [Test]
        public void LEFT_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("LEFT('123222',3)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "123");
        }
        [Test]
        public void LEN_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("LEN('123222')", 0);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, 6);
        }
        [Test]
        public void LOWER_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("LOWER('ABC')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "abc");
        }
        [Test]
        public void MID_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("MID('ABCDEF',2,3)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "BCD");
        }
        [Test]
        public void PROPER_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("PROPER('abc abc')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "Abc Abc");
        }
        [Test]
        public void REPLACE_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("REPLACE(\"abccd\",2,3,\"2\")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "a2d");

            var t1 = engine.TryEvaluate("REPLACE(\"abccd\",'bc',\"2\")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t1, "a2cd");
        }
        [Test]
        public void REPT_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("REPT(\"q\",3)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "qqq");
        }
        [Test]
        public void RIGHT_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("RIGHT(\"123q\",3)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "23q");
        }
        [Test]
        public void RMB_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("rmb(12.3)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "壹拾贰元叁角");
        }
        [Test]
        public void SEARCH_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("SEARCH(\"aa\",\"abbAaddd\")", 0);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, 4);
        }
        [Test]
        public void SUBSTITUTE_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("SUBSTITUTE(\"ababcc\",\"ab\",\"12\")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "1212cc");
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("SUBSTITUTE(\"ababcc\",\"ab\",\"12\",2)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "ab12cc");
        }
        [Test]
        public void T_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("T(12)", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "");
            t = engine.TryEvaluate("T('123')", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "123");
        }
        [Test]
        public void TEXT_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("TEXT(123,\"0.00\")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "123.00");
        }
        [Test]
        public void TRIM_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("TRIM(\" 123 123 \")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "123 123");
        }
        [Test]
        public void UPPER_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("UPPER(\"abc\")", "");
            Assert.AreEqual(t, "ABC");
        }

        [Test]
        public void VALUE_test()
        {
            AlgorithmEngine engine = new AlgorithmEngine();
            var t = engine.TryEvaluate("VALUE(\"123\")", 0);
            Assert.AreEqual(t, 123);
        }

    }
}