text:
Επιτροπή Θρησκευτικής Εκπαίδευσης στα Θυάτειρα
Η Ιερά Αρχιεπισκοπή Θυατείρων και Μεγάλης Βρεταννίας σύστησε Επιτροπή Θρησκευτικής Εκπαίδευσης, η οποία θα διακονήσει τον μεγάλο σκοπό της Θρησκευτικής Εκπαίδευσης όλων των Ελληνορθόδοξων Χριστιανών στο πλαίσιο της Ιεράς Αρχιεπισκοπής. Το σχετικό Δελτίο Τύπου έχει ως εξής:
Religious Education Committee - Press release
On Monday, 1 June 2020, His Eminence Archbishop Nikitas presented his vision for religious education in the United Kingdom and Ireland and officially inaugurated the Religious Education Committee. This important new committee of the Archdiocese will be responsible for the creation of a formal, standardised Archdiocesan Religious Education ministry for all age-groups. The work of the committee will be completed in phases, with the goal of having a complete functioning ministry by early 2022. The new religious Education Committee is composed of thirty individuals with diverse ages and backgrounds and includes clergy, religious educators, primary and secondary school teachers, theologians, university professors, and other professionals.
During the first meeting of the committee, His Eminence thanked the members for responding faithfully to the call of the Church and for offering their time and talents for the building up of the Body of Christ. In his opening remarks, particular emphasis was placed on the critical need to enthusiastically cultivate the Orthodox Faith in our children, young people, and adults. His Eminence tasked the committee with three challenges: to create contextual catechetical materials for children and adults, to identify and engage volunteer adult catechists, and to establish educational settings, both at the parishes of the Archdiocese and online.
Understanding the magnitude of such an endeavour and foreseeing its complexities, His Eminence established three sub-committees and appointed their respective chairpersons, so that they would share their findings and preliminary assessments of the current situation at the inaugural meeting. The three sub-committees and their chairpersons are:
- Preparation of Orthodox Educational Curriculum for Primary and Secondary Level Students. Chair: Miss Marina Robb
- Evaluating Potential Clusters of Sunday Schools & Identifying, Engaging, and Training Volunteer Teachers. Chair: Presbytera Vassilia Hookway
- Adult Religious Education: Re-evangelisation and Preparation of Catechism Materials. Chair: Dr. Dimitris Salapatas
Following the presentations of the aforementioned chairpersons, the committee members agreed to: establish a timeline listing well-specified and attainable goals, to meet on the first Monday of every month, to allow the sub-committees to work independently in between monthly meetings, and to pursue efficient, creative, and dynamic ways to respond to the many challenges and meet the goals of the three aforementioned sub-committees.
A protocol was also established concerning the spiritual and institutional responsibilities of the committee members as well as the required code of conduct, safeguarding, and statutory requirements within which all are to work and are expected to uphold at all times. His Eminence stressed that all measures concerning the safety of our committee members, parishioners, and volunteers concerning the required DBS and Safeguarding procedures are to be implemented and strictly followed.
His Eminence Archbishop Nikitas of Thyateira and Great Britain and the Archdiocesan Religious Education Committee request the prayers and spiritual support of the clergy and faithful, so that this committee and its important work may come to a successful completion. Secondly, the faithful are requested to discern ways in which they can assist, when eventually called upon, at their local parish. Those who feel called to assist in other ways or would like to provide recommendations concerning religious education are encouraged to contact the Very Rev. Archimandrite Nephon Tsimalis directly at: Ntsimalis@gmail.com
ΠΗΓΗ: Αρχιεπισκοπή Θυατείρων& Μ.Β.
Labels: Αρχιεπισκοπή Θυατείρων, Δημήτρης Σαλαπάτας, Εκπαιδευτικά
Στο παλιό Ουαλικό παρεκκλήσι
Νοσταλγική ἔκθεση φωτογραφίας
Κυριακή Γ' Ματθαίου 2020
Λύκε, λύκε...
«Ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντός ὑμῶν ἐστιν»
Ο Ηλίας Μηνιάτης και οι Έλληνες
Οἱ ψυχαναλυτικές διαστάσεις τῆς κηπουρικῆς
Το εμβόλιο της ζωής
Κυριακή Β' Ματθαίου 2020
Ρωμαϊκή Βρετανία
Μια έκκληση: Όχι σε νέο διχασμό
Ο δρόμος του Σταυρού εναντίον της βίας
«Στού Σκιάθου...»
Ανοίγουν οι εκκλησίες στην Αγγλία
Κυριακή των Αγίων Πάντων 2020
Το ήθος του Παπαδιαμάντη
Η Διαθήκη του Μπετόβεν
Με το βλέμμα στο Πριγκιπάτο
Τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς ἡ ἄχραντη δωρεά
Πεντηκοστή 2020
Ιστορικός κιτρινισμός
Εβδομάδα προ Πεντηκοστής
«Ξεκινᾶμε, πᾶμε μακρυά...»


Set in a quiet spot in the busy suburbs, with excellent communications by road, our nursery is a real hit with working parents who want their children to play and learn in a warm, homely environment. We work very closely with our busy parents, involving them in our events as well as keeping them up to date on all stages of their children's development.
As for the children, there is a specially designed room for each age group: 0-2 years old, 2-3 years old and 3-5 years old. That means they can play and learn with friends their own age, using play equipment that's just right for their age – and then run straight out into a garden area specially designed for them.
Our garden is perfect for play, with everything from a construction area and playhouse to a quiet area for colouring or 'reading' picture books. We pull out all the stops on our special activities, such as our World Cup event, which featured football, races, water slides and homemade cake.
We provide extra support for children with English as an additional language, including visual cards, a visual timetable and lots of one-to-one support. We have a car park.


The President's Police Medal is a decoration awarded to members of law enforcement in India. Established 1 March 1951, the medal was originally called the President's Police and Fire Service Medal. The medal is awarded for either gallantry or distinguished service, with the gallantry version of the medal being accorded a higher precedence. The medal is awarded annually on Republic Day and Independence Day.


So the Movie – Where do you buy a second hand TARDIS?
Well its filmed in Second Life. You might think that Steve must have been a dab hand with the editing. However, many of the objects and sometimes even the avatars can be bought. They are called artifacts. So the TARDIS and the Star Trek Next Generation transporter were both coded by others and are available to be bought in Second Life.
The currency is something called Linden Dollars. They have a really low real value, but in Second Life can buy many things to improve your appearance etc. The only limiting is the computing power in showing the better quality objects. this is a world much as envisioned by Tad Williams in his Otherland series of books.


An African-American bartender is suing the Kid Rock restaurant at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, claiming she was fired because of her skin color and for wearing "her hair natural, in a curly afro" instead of straight like her white co-workers, according to a lawsuit filed this week in federal court.
After the suspension, Silverman-Maddox alleges she was fired because her attorney had sent the defendants a letter indicating she had contacted the Michigan Department of Civil Rights. The complaint describes the termination as retaliation "for protected activity in violation of her rights" under federal civil rights law.
The complaint calls the restaurant Kid Rock's Made in America, but the address it lists is for Kid Rock's Made in Detroit restaurant. The plaintiff's attorneys, Anthony Paris and John Philo, didn't immediately respond to Free Press requests for comment.
In August, a former events and promotions manager filed suit against Founders Brewing Co. in Midtown alleging racial slurs and that he was passed up for promotions based on race; the brewery issued a statement calling the allegations "baseless," WXYZ-TV (Channel 7) reported.
Kid Rock in May 2011 received a Great Expectations Award from Detroit's NAACP. That was the night, a spokesman previously said, that the Detroit star quietly decided he would stop using the Confederate flag onstage. The flag is largely seen as an offensive and racist symbol, while defenders call it an enduring emblem of Southern heritage.
Kid Rock opened Little Caesars Arena in September 2017 with six sold-out shows, and the inaugural concert drew about 200 protesters opposed to the musician's presence as well as the arena more generally. One protester told the Free Press that having Kid Rock at the inaugural event was a slap in the face to Detroiters. Critics cited his past use of the flag and other statements and incidents they felt were racially insensitive.
The management company for Kid Rock, whose real name is Robert Ritchie, didn't immediately respond Thursday to a request for comment on Silverman-Maddox's lawsuit. Kid Rock is not named as a defendant.
The suit does name as defendants Bobby Moscow LLC, which is Kid Rock's Made in Detroit company, and Top Dog Records, the Detroit music star's record label. Both companies are described as restaurant co-owners in the complaint, and Bobby Moscow did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The lawsuit's defendants also include Delaware North Companies and subsidiary Detroit District Sportservice, the hospitality company operating the restaurant as the food, beverage and retail partner at Little Caesars Arena as well as nearby Comerica Park.
Delaware North on Thursday released a brief statement to the Free Press: "We are aware of the complaint and are investigating."
Before this incident, Silverman-Maddox had never received "any level of discipline or negative coaching regarding her job performance," according to the complaint. It states that she poured drinks as she had been trained and that every bartender frequently "free poured" drinks because of insufficient measuring devices.
The day of the suspension, Silverman-Maddox claims she had disputed to her managers that she over-poured a drink and denied any allegation of doing it on purpose. The lawsuit also alleges that the same managers who disciplined Silverman-Maddox had "previously instructed bartenders to 'free pour drinks heavily' any time Kid Rock is present in the building."
Silverman-Maddox alleges in the suit that she found out that on the same day she was suspended, a white employee was caught not checking customer IDs, a violation of policy and law, but was given only a verbal warning.
The lawsuit describes Silverman-Maddox as the only African-American bartender of about 15 employed at the restaurant; it also describes her as having both African-American and Jewish ancestry.
In a letter to the restaurant's ownership, Silverman-Maddox's attorney filed a request for records potentially connected to the case, including security footage the night of the incident as well as during the following events: Mike Epps Platinum Comedy Tour, Foo Fighters on Oct. 15 and any appearance of Kid Rock at the restaurant.
Contact Robert Allen: Twitter @rallenMI or rallen@freepress.com. Free Press staff writers Tresa Baldas and Brian McCollum contributed to this report.


text:
MSPCA-Angell Applauds Passage of Bill to Protect Pets from Natural Disasters
Posted on Mar, 17, 2014 by Dina Zawaski
BOSTON, March 17, 2014 – As the MSPCA-Angell and hundreds of animal advocates prepare to descend on the Massachusetts State House for tomorrow's Lobby Day for Animals 2014, a bill to protect both humans and animals from severe storms and natural disasters today passed in the state Legislature and now awaits the signature of Governor Deval Patrick to become law.
Senate Bill 1172, better known as an "act ensuring the safety of people with pets in disasters," was sponsored by Senator Karen Spilka and passed both the House and Senate with broad support. "As a dog owner and animal lover, I understand the reluctance of many people to leave their pets and service animals behind in the case of a natural disaster or other emergency," said Senator Spilka (D-Ashland). "Victims of a disaster should not have to suffer the additional emotional stress of having to abandon their household pets. I'm glad that the legislature is taking these steps to ensure public safety and better care for our animals."
Championed by the MSPCA and the State of Massachusetts Animal Response Team (SMART), the law will require cities and towns to have a plan in place to address the evacuation and sheltering needs of household pets and service animals before, during and after an emergency or natural disaster.
The bill is popular with other organizations tasked with protecting the public from the effects of natural disasters, such as the American Red Cross of Massachusetts. Said the organization's chief disaster officer in Massachusetts, Leighton Jones: "History has shown us that people will risk their lives for their pets during disasters by either not evacuating or by trying to rescue them. Their pets are their family, and you don't leave family members behind. The American Red Cross of Massachusetts works with a number of agencies across the state to ensure pets and their owners are safe during emergency situations, and this bill supports that effort."
The MSPCA's Advocacy team includes a summary of the bill, and other pending animal protection legislation on its Website. Click here to read more on how the bill will protect people and animals.
Said MSPCA-Angell director of advocacy Kara Holmquist, "The fact that this bill passed in just one legislative session underscores how important it is to protect animals and people during natural disasters—which pose an increasingly severe threat to residents of the Commonwealth. Now, citizens of our state will never have to choose between their own safety and that of their pet or service animal." David Schwarz, DVM and president of SMART echoed Holmquist's comment. "The State Of Massachusetts Animal Response Team (SMART) will make every effort to help all emergency managers include pets in planning for all emergencies and disasters," he said.
Setting the Stage for Lobby Day
News of the bill's passage comes as nearly 300 animal advocates are expected to attend Lobby Day for Animals tomorrow, March 18, to meet one-on-one with lawmakers and urge passage of several bills that will dramatically advance animal protection in Massachusetts. The MSPCA is targeting 2014 for the passage of several new laws. A snapshot includes:
Strengthening the laws to prevent animal cruelty
Requiring landlords and owners of vacant properties to inspect them for abandoned animals
Ensuring the health and well-being of dogs and cats bred and sold in Massachusetts, including preventing the sale of dogs or cats less than eight weeks old
Prohibiting certain confinement practices for egg-laying hens, veal calves and pregnant pigs
Ending the trade of shark fins (obtained by cutting the fin off live shark)
For a complete list of pending legislation the MSPCA supports or opposes click here. The MSPCA has held a series of information sessions leading up to Lobby day to brief participants on the pending legislation and prepare them for meetings with lawmakers.
The MSPCA and its supporters will be joined by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), Animal Rescue League of Boston, the Massachusetts Animal Coalition and the Animal Control Officers Association of Massachusetts.
The MSPCA Advocacy team encourages anyone who would like to be kept up-to-date on animal-related legislation to join its Animal Action Team by signing up at www.mspca.org/JoinTheTeam.
The MSPCA-Angell is a national and international leader in animal protection and veterinary medicine and provides direct hands-on care for thousands of animals each year. Founded in 1868, it is the second-oldest humane society in the United States. Services include animal protection and adoption, advocacy, humane education, law enforcement, and world-class veterinary care. The MSPCA-Angell is a private, non-profit organization. It does not receive any government funding nor is it funded or operated by any national humane organization. The MSPCA-Angell relies solely on the support and contributions from individuals who care about animals. Please visitwww.mspca.org and like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/mspcaangell

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
require "spec_helper"

require "yaml"

describe BoshDeploymentResource::BoshManifest do
  let(:manifest) { BoshDeploymentResource::BoshManifest.new("spec/fixtures/manifest.yml") }
  let(:bosh_2_manifest) { BoshDeploymentResource::BoshManifest.new("spec/fixtures/bosh_2_manifest.yml") }

  let(:resulting_manifest) { YAML.load_file(manifest.write!) }
  let(:resulting_bosh_2_manifest) { YAML.load_file(bosh_2_manifest.write!) }

  it "can get the name of the deployment" do
    expect(manifest.name).to eq("concourse")
  end

  describe ".fallback_director_uuid" do
    let(:uuid) { "some-filled-in-uuid" }

    context "when the source manifest has no director uuid" do
      let(:manifest) { BoshDeploymentResource::BoshManifest.new("spec/fixtures/manifest-without-uuid.yml") }

      it "fills it in with the given uuid" do
        manifest.fallback_director_uuid(uuid)
        expect(resulting_manifest.fetch("director_uuid")).to eq("some-filled-in-uuid")
      end
    end

    context "when the source manifest already has a uuid" do
      let(:manifest) { BoshDeploymentResource::BoshManifest.new("spec/fixtures/manifest-with-uuid.yml") }

      it "does not replace it" do
        manifest.fallback_director_uuid(uuid)
        expect(resulting_manifest.fetch("director_uuid")).to eq("some-director-uuid")
      end
    end
  end

  it "can replace the releases used in a manifest" do
    concourse = instance_double(BoshDeploymentResource::BoshRelease, name: "concourse", version: "1234")
    garden = instance_double(BoshDeploymentResource::BoshRelease, name: "garden-linux", version: "9876")

    manifest.use_release(concourse)
    manifest.use_release(garden)

    releases = resulting_manifest.fetch("releases")

    expect(releases).to match_array [
      {
        "name" => "concourse",
        "version" => "1234",
      },
      {
        "name" => "garden-linux",
        "version" => "9876",
      }
    ]
  end

  context "when manifest specifies stemcells with stemcell key" do
    it "can replace the stemcells used in a manifest" do
      centos_stemcell = instance_double(
        BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
        name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-centos-7-go_agent",
        os: "",
        version: "9832"
      )

      trusty_stemcell = instance_double(
        BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
        name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
        os: "ubuntu-trusty",
        version: "4393"
      )

      bosh_2_manifest.use_stemcell(centos_stemcell)
      bosh_2_manifest.use_stemcell(trusty_stemcell)

      stemcells = resulting_bosh_2_manifest.fetch("stemcells")

      expect(stemcells).to match_array [
        {
          "name" => "bosh-warden-boshlite-centos-7-go_agent",
          "alias" => "centos",
          "version" => "9832"
        },
        {
          "os" => "ubuntu-trusty",
          "alias" => "trusty",
          "version" => "4393"
        },
        {
          "os" => "mac",
          "alias" => "powerpc",
          "version" => "latest"
        }
      ]
    end
  end

  context "when the manifest specifies stemcells in resource_pools key" do
    it "can replace the stemcells used in a manifest" do
      go_agent = instance_double(
        BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
        name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
        version: "9832"
      )

      ruby_agent = instance_double(
        BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
        name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent",
        version: "4393"
      )

      manifest.use_stemcell(go_agent)
      manifest.use_stemcell(ruby_agent)

      resource_pools = resulting_manifest.fetch("resource_pools")

      expect(resource_pools).to match_array [
        {
          "name" => "fast",
          "stemcell" => {
            "name" => "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
            "version" => "9832"
          }
        },
        {
          "name" => "other-fast",
          "stemcell" => {
            "name" => "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
            "version" => "9832"
          }
        },
        {
          "name" => "slow",
          "stemcell" => {
            "name" => "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent",
            "version" => "4393"
          }
        },
        {
          "name" => "non-latest",
          "stemcell" => {
            "name" => "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent",
            "version" => 1000
          }
        }
      ]
    end
  end

  it "errors if a release is called which isn't defined in the manifest releases list" do
    unfindable_release = double(name: "wrong_name", version: 0)

    expect do
      manifest.use_release(unfindable_release)
    end.to raise_error /#{unfindable_release.name} can not be found in manifest releases/
  end

  describe "#validate" do
    context "when each provided stemcell matches unique stemcell in manifest" do
      it "does not raise an error" do
        go_agent = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
          version: "9832"
        )

        ruby_agent = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent",
          version: "4393"
        )

        expect {
          manifest.validate_stemcells([go_agent, ruby_agent])
        }.to_not raise_error
      end
    end

    context "when there are multiple stemcells that match stemcell with latest version in manifest" do
      it "raises an error" do
        go_agent = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
          version: "9832"
        )

        bumped_go_agent = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
          version: "9833"
        )

        expect {
          manifest.validate_stemcells([go_agent, bumped_go_agent])
        }.to raise_error
      end
    end

    context "when there multiple stemcells that match stemcell in bosh 2.0 manifest by os/name" do
      it "raises an error" do
        trusty_stemcell = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
          os: "ubuntu-trusty",
          version: "4393"
        )
        bumped_trusty_stemcell = instance_double(
          BoshDeploymentResource::BoshStemcell,
          name: "bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent",
          os: "ubuntu-trusty",
          version: "4394"
        )

        expect {
          bosh_2_manifest.validate_stemcells([trusty_stemcell, bumped_trusty_stemcell])
        }.to raise_error
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#shasum" do
    it "outputs the version as the sha of the values of the sorted, parsed manifest" do
      actual = manifest.shasum

      d = Digest::SHA1.new

      d << 'name'                                             # name: concourse
      d << 'concourse'                                        #
      d << 'releases'                                         # releases:
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: concourse
      d << 'concourse'                                        #
      d << 'version'                                          #     version: latest
      d << 'latest'                                           #
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: garden-linux
      d << 'garden-linux'                                     #
      d << 'version'                                          #     version: latest
      d << 'latest'                                           #
      d << 'resource_pools'                                   # resource_pools:
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: fast
      d << 'fast'                                             #
      d << 'stemcell'                                         #     stemcell:
      d << 'name'                                             #       name: bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent
      d << 'bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent'      #
      d << 'version'                                          #       version: latest
      d << 'latest'                                           #
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: other-fast
      d << 'other-fast'                                       #
      d << 'stemcell'                                         #     stemcell:
      d << 'name'                                             #       name: bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent
      d << 'bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-go_agent'      #
      d << 'version'                                          #       version: latest
      d << 'latest'                                           #
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: slow
      d << 'slow'                                             #
      d << 'stemcell'                                         #     stemcell:
      d << 'name'                                             #       name: bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent
      d << 'bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent'    #
      d << 'version'                                          #       version: latest
      d << 'latest'                                           #
      d << 'name'                                             #   - name: non-latest
      d << 'non-latest'                                       #
      d << 'stemcell'                                         #     stemcell:
      d << 'name'                                             #       name: bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent
      d << 'bosh-warden-boshlite-ubuntu-trusty-ruby_agent'    #
      d << 'version'                                          #       version: 1000
      d << '1000'                                             #

      expect(actual).to eq(d.hexdigest)
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We ask Idealog readers to reflect on what's changed in the last 10 years. And what still needs to.
Have you been surprised by what has or has not changed in 10 years?
On agriculture and tourism: I am always surprised that the way we are farming, and its negative impact on what makes us an attractive place to visit for tourists, isn't seen as more of a problem. A few Christmas's ago I took some friends from the UK to a river and they didn't want to swim in it. They'd heard the stories and read the headlines and while you can blame Mike Joy for calling international attention to it, we're still not seeing a change in the incentives and direction we're giving farmers. The "them and us" dichotomy between farmers and the rest of New Zealand hasn't changed nearly enough.
On business: I have, particularly in the last 5 years, seen a huge change in the way we are talking about business. It isn't just about agricultural efficiency anymore; it's about a knowledge-based economy – and asking more people to get involved in the creation of this. I think Sir Paul Callaghan's speech on this was a big driver and a much-needed vision for a lot of people.
I'd like to see more of this talk about how to implement a knowledge-based economy documented and the impacts shared.
As many knowledge-based businesses mature, I think New Zealand will see the wide-scale adoption of social enterprise business models in New Zealand, with stronger links between the for profit and not-for-profit sector.
What keeps you awake at night when you think of NZ place in the creative economy?
How risk adverse we are when it comes to backing our homegrown initiatives. When something golden is created in New Zealand, we almost always wait for external validation in the form of offshore investment. I see this in the type of television content being commissioned, right through to the sale of New Zealand startups.
Veronica Harwood-Stevenson is a filmmaker, media strategist, science communicator, and entrepreneur.
*Dodgy counting alert: Initially, we actually we asked 10 people to answer these questions as part of our magazine cover feature to celebrate our tenth birthday. But we liked those 10 answers so much, we kept asking more people. Stay tuned for more over the summer months.


Determining the extra amount of breast tissue surgeons should remove during breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy and radiation) for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, also known as stage 0 breast cancer) to minimize cancer recurrence in the same breast.
If surgeons don't remove enough breast tissue during surgery, breast cancer may return, requiring another surgery. Additional surgery may result in more discomfort for the patient, surgical complications, additional stress, and increased healthcare costs.
Removal of 2 millimeters of breast tissue beyond the DCIS breast tumor (i.e. 2-mm margin width) during lumpectomy followed by radiation (breast-conserving therapy) is associated with lower rates of breast cancer recurrence in the same breast.
When no additional tissue beyond the tumor is removed during breast-conserving therapy, DCIS patients have significantly increased risk of breast cancer recurrence in the same breast.
The results of this study were used by professional societies to develop margin width guidelines for breast-conserving surgery. The 2-millimeter margin width recommendation was approved by the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Executive Council, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Board of Directors, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Board of Directors, and endorsed by the Board of Directors of the American Society of Breast Surgeons. This guideline was developed to assist patients, along with their healthcare providers, in determining the best treatment for them. While the study has some limitations, because no clinical trials are planned to address this question, this is currently "the best available evidence for clinical decision making" regarding margin width and breast cancer recurrence.
How can I find out what the margin width was of my breast-conserving surgery?
What margin width will be used for my breast-conserving surgery?
I have DCIS and a strong family history of cancer; should I consider genetic counseling?
I have been diagnosed with DCIS; what factors should I consider when deciding between breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy?
I have been diagnosed with DCIS before age 50; should I consider genetic counseling or testing before making a decision about surgery?
During breast-conserving therapy, a surgeon removes a patient's breast tumor and an area of surrounding tissue (called a margin) that does not include the breast tumor. Studies have found that breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy) improves long-term survival rates for women with DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ, also known as stage 0 breast cancer). However, the optimal margin width to minimize the risk of breast cancer recurrence is unknown.
Monica Morrow and her colleagues from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and other institutions published work in the June 2016 issue of Practical Radiation Oncology that examined the optimal margin width to minimize breast cancer recurrence for patients with DCIS.
What surgical margin width minimizes the risk of cancer recurrence in the same breast in DCIS patients who have breast-conserving surgery?
This research study was a meta-analysis, meaning the researchers pooled data from a number of previously published studies. The researchers only used studies with at least 50 patients with DCIS. The studies in this meta-analysis were all retrospective, meaning the researchers used patient data that other researchers collected in past studies. In total, 20 studies with a total of 7,883 patients (865 with breast cancer recurrence in the same breast) were used.
Removal of an additional 2 millimeters of breast tissue beyond the DCIS tumor (2-mm margin width) during lumpectomy and followed by radiation (breast conserving therapy) is associated with lower rates of breast cancer recurrence in the same breast.
No evidence suggests that removing more than 2 millimeters of breast tissue reduces breast cancer recurrence more for DCIS patients who receive breast-conserving therapy.
When no additional tissue beyond the tumor is removed during breast-conserving therapy, DCIS patients have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer recurrence in the same breast.
Surgical tumor removal without whole breast radiation is associated with higher rates of recurrence in the same breast, compared to DCIS patients who undergo both treatments, regardless of margin width. The researchers say that although there is not enough evidence to determine the optimal margin width for treatment with surgery alone, it should be at least 2 millimeters.
A randomized clinical trial (researchers design the study and randomize patients into groups that receive different treatments) would provide the strongest evidence. Because this study is a meta-analysis consisting of many retrospective studies (meaning the researchers used data that other researchers collected in past studies) and does not include any randomized clinical trials, the evidence isn't as strong. Additionally, it only applies to patients with DCIS, and should not be applied to patients who have invasive cancer. Finally, the study did not consider whether or not the women had mutations in BRCA or other genes associated with increased cancer risk.
The results of this study suggest that a 2-millimeter margin width for DCIS patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation) reduces risk of breast cancer recurrence in the same breast. While the study has some limitations, it still provides good evidence that has been approved and endorsed by many organizations. A new margin width guideline for breast-conserving therapy has been developed on the basis of this finding. Patients should discuss margin widths with their healthcare providers to determine what the best treatment options are for them.
It is important to note that women with mutations in BRCA or other genes that increase breast cancer risk have a greater chance of developing a second cancer in the same or opposite breast. Women who are diagnosed with DCIS before age 50 meet national guidelines for genetic counseling and testing, and may want to discuss this with their healthcare providers before making decisions about surgery.
Share your thoughts on this XRAYS article by taking our brief survey.
Morrow M, Van Zee KJ, Solin LJ, et al. "Society of Surgical Oncology—American Society for Radiation Oncology—American Society of Clinical Oncology Consensus Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Irradiation in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ." Practical Radiation Oncology. 2016, 6(5): 287-295.
FORCE Information: Should I Get Genetic Testing?
FORCE XRAYS: All DCIS is not the same. Young women and African American women at higher risk after DCIS diagnosis.


text:
The Power Of Ordinary English To Improve Healthcare
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U.S. Healthcare Delivery Is In Critical Condition But Failure Is Not An Option. What's Next?
Visiting Green Spaces Regularly Might Just Lower The Use Of Some Prescription Medicines
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ForbesInnovationHealthcare
Brain MRI Data & Machine Learning Models Might Help In Diagnosing ADHD
Anuradha Varanasi
Anuradha writes about environmental health disparities & epidemiology
Nov 29, 2022, 01:15pm EST |
Medical imaging service in a hospital in Savoie, France. A technician monitors a brain MRI scan ... [+] session. (Photo by: BSIP/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Universal Images Group via Getty Images
Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological conditions that affects children and adults, it is still widely misunderstood. ADHD symptoms are commonly misdiagnosed or remain undiagnosed — particularly among girls and women.
In a new study, researchers made a breakthrough by potentially finding a far more robust mechanism through which ADHD diagnosis via brain MRI scans might become a reality in the future. A team of three researchers at the Yale School of Medicine delved into the data from MRI tests that were conducted on 7,805 children based in the United States. They managed to identify biomarkers of ADHD by using that data as vital input for machine learning models that might potentially be able to diagnose the neurological condition.
The researchers used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study that investigates brain development in the U.S. on a longterm basis. The children included in the study were between the ages of 9 to 12 years. The 7805 children included by Huang Lin, a post-graduate researcher at the Yale School of Medicine and colleagues underwent MRI scans, resting-state functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging. Out of this group of children, 1,798 were diagnosed with ADHD.
By using statistical analysis methods of this data, the researchers were able to delve into the association of ADHD with the children's brain volume, white matter integrity, and surface area.
Compared to children who do no have ADHD, the team found that those who were diagnosed with ADHD have abnormal connectivity in the networks of the brain that are responsible for processing memory and auditory inputs. The brain scans of children with ADHD also revealed that their brain cortex was experiencing thinning and on a microstructural level, there were significant changes in the white matter of their brains' frontal lobe.
"The frontal lobe is the area of the brain involved in governing impulsivity and attention or lack thereof—two of the leading symptoms of ADHD," Lin said in a press release. He further added that this data was robust enough to be fed into machine learning models that might be able to diagnose children with ADHD.
"Our study underscores that ADHD is a neurological disorder with neuro-structural and functional manifestations in the brain, not just a purely externalized behavior syndrome," Lin added in her statement. "At times when a clinical diagnosis is in doubt, objective brain MRI scans can help to clearly identify affected children."


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text:
1Official definition
3Contentious policy
4Opposition to the Bumiputera policy
4.1Early opposition
4.2Policy apologists and ongoing opposition
5Present condition of the Bumiputra
6National identification card system and Bumiputera
8Notes and references
Bumiputera (Malaysia)
Term describing various communities designated as indigenous in Malaysia
"Bumiputra" redirects here. For other uses, see Bumiputra (disambiguation).
Find sources: "Bumiputera" Malaysia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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Bumiputera or Bumiputra (Jawi: بوميڤوترا) is a term used in Malaysia to describe Malays, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, and various indigenous peoples of East Malaysia (see official definition below). The term is sometimes controversial, and has similar usage in the Malay world, used similarly in Indonesia and Brunei.
The term is derived from the Sanskrit which was later absorbed into the classical Malay word bhumiputra (Sanskrit: भूमिपुत्र, romanized: bhū́miputra), which can be translated literally as "son of the land" or "son of the soil". In Indonesia, this term is known as "Pribumi".
In the 1970s, the Malaysian government implemented policies designed to favour bumiputras (including affirmative action in public education and in the public sector) to elevate the socioeconomic status of the economically disadvantaged bumiputera community and to defuse interethnic tensions following the 13 May Incident in 1969 by placating the Malay majority through granting them a privileged status over the Malaysian Chinese.[1] Originally intended to be a temporary measure, these policies are still in effect and have been described as racially discriminatory.[2] Although the policies have succeeded in creating a significant urban Malay and Native Bornean middle class, they have been less effective in eradicating poverty among rural communities.[3][4]
Official definition[edit]
A diagram of the special position of Bumiputras under the Malaysian Constitution
The concept of a bumiputra ethnic group in Malaysia was coined by Abdul Razak Hussein. It recognised the "special position" of the Malays provided in the Constitution of Malaysia, in particular Article 153. However, the constitution does not use the term bumiputra; it defines only "Malay" and "aboriginal peoples" (Article 160(2)),[5] "natives" of Sarawak (161A(6)(a)),[6] and "natives" of Sabah (Article 161A(6) (b)).[6] Definitions of bumiputra in public use vary among different institutions, organisations, and government departments and agencies.
In the book Buku Panduan Kemasukan ke Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam, Program Pengajian Lepasan SPM/Setaraf Sesi Akademik 2007/2008 (Guidebook for entry into public higher learning institutions for SPM/equivalent graduates for academic year 2007/2008), the Malaysian Higher Education Ministry defined bumiputra as follows, depending on the region of origin of the individual applicant:[7]
"If one of the parents is Muslim Malay/Orang Asli[8] as stated in Article 160 (2) Federal Constitution of Malaysia; thus the child is considered as a Bumiputra"
"If the child was born in Sabah or the father was domiciled in Sabah at the time of birth, and one of the parents is an indigenous native of Sabah as stated in Article 161A (6)(b) Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the child is considered as a Bumiputra"
"If both of the parents are indigenous natives of Sarawak as stated in Article 161A (6)(a) Federal Constitution of Malaysia; thus their child is considered as a Bumiputra"
In addition to the interpretation given above, a broader definition of bumiputra include groups such as native Indonesians, Malaysian Siamese, Muslim Indian Malaysians, Peranakan and the Kristang people of Portuguese-Eurasian descent.[9] Most of these encompass communities that were established in southeast Asia prior to the period of British colonial rule which saw large-scale immigration from China. Others[who?] favour a definition encompassing all children of Bumiputra; there have been notable cases of people with one Bumiputra parent and one non-Bumiputra parent being dismissed as non-Bumiputra.[7]
At the time of Malaya's independence from British colonial rule in 1957, the population included many first- or second-generation immigrants who had come to fill manpower needs as indentured labourers, among rich Chinese merchants and settlers who brought their wealth and investment into Malaysia.
Chinese immigrants, who typically settled in urban areas, played a significant role in the commercial sector after the Indians left the country to return to India, much of the commercial sector was taken over by wealthy Chinese merchants. The Communities Liaison Committee (CLC), comprising leading politicians from different racial backgrounds, supported the promotion of economic equality for the Malays, conditional on political equality for the non-Malays. CLC member E.E.C. Thuraisingham later said, "I and others believed that the backward Malays should be given a better deal. Malays should be assisted to attain parity with non-Malays to forge a united Malayan Nation of equals."[10]
Article 153 of the Constitution states that,
It shall be the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special position of the Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and the legitimate interests of other communities in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
Article 160 defines a Malay as being one who "professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay customs and is the child of at least one parent who was born within the Federation of Malaysia before independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957, or the issue of such a person."
Article 8 of the Constitution, states that all Malaysian citizens shall be equal under the law, and "Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment." Article 153 itself expressly forbids particular forms of discrimination; clause 5 states that "All persons of whatever race in the same grade in the service of the Federation shall, subject to the terms and conditions of their employment, be treated impartially," while clause 9 states: "Nothing in this Article shall empower Parliament to restrict business or trade solely for the purpose of reservations for Malays."
The term of the Bumiputras' special position has been disputed. The Reid Commission, which drafted the Constitution, initially proposed that Article 153 expire after 15 years unless renewed by Parliament.[11] This qualification was struck from the final draft. After the 13 May Incident in 1969, representatives within the government argued over whether the special position of the bumiputras ought to have a sunset clause.[citation needed]
Ismail Abdul Rahman argued that "the question be left to the Malays themselves because ... as more and more Malays became educated and gained self-confidence, they themselves would do away with this 'special position'." Ismail believed the special position was "a slur on the ability of the Malays."[12] In 1970, however, one member of the Cabinet said that Malay special rights would remain for "hundreds of years to come."[13]
In the 1970s, the government implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP), designed to be a more aggressive form of affirmative action for the Bumiputra than Article 153. Article 153 provides specifically for the use of quotas in the granting of scholarships, positions in the civil service, and business licences, as well as native reservations of land. Policies under the rubric of the NEP include subsidies for real estate purchases, quotas for public equity shares, and general subsidies to Bumiputra businesses.[citation needed]
Former Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and his predecessor Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad have both suggested that Malays should depend less on government assistance. Many observers believe full abolition of bumiputra privileges is unlikely, especially in view of the constitutional issues involved, although successive administrations since Mahathir have attempted to reform the system of government aid for the bumiputra.[citation needed] Some bumiputra groups believe further affirmative action is necessary.[citation needed]
Parliament began to use the term bumiputra in 1965. Following debate of the act to create the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), the government founded an agency to preserve bumiputra interests.[14]
In July 2017, Prime Minister Najib Razak said that the government would consider the request of the Muslim Indian community to be recognized as Bumiputera, in what is seen as a move to woo voters in the lead-up to the upcoming general election.[15]
Contentious policy[edit]
Some institutes of higher learning, such as the Open University Malaysia, have enacted admission policies favouring bumiputra students.
Certain but not all pro-bumiputra policies exist as affirmative action for bumiputras, for NEP is racial-based and not deprivation-based. For instance, all Bumiputra, regardless of their financial standing, are entitled 7 percent discount on houses or property, including luxurious units; whilst a low-income non-Bumiputra receives no such financial assistance. Other preferential policies include quotas for the following: admission to government educational institutions, qualification for public scholarships, marking of universities exam papers, special bumiputras-only classes prior to university's end of term exams, for positions in government, and ownership of businesses. Most of the policies were established in the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP) period. Many policies focus on trying to achieve a bumiputra share of corporate equity, comprising at least 30% of the total. Ismail Abdul Rahman proposed this target after the government was unable to agree on a suitable policy goal.[12]
In a report titled 2012 Investment Climate Statement – Malaysia published by the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (US Department of State), under the heading "Ethnic Preferences", part of a paragraph succinctly describes the reality of such Bumiputra policy as follows:"Many of the preference policies are opaque, with details of implementation largely left to the various ministries and civil servants within those ministries. Policies and practices vary greatly. Some practices are explicit and contained in law or regulation, while others are informal, leaving much ambiguity for potential investors. The civil service itself is subject to Bumiputra hiring preferences. The NEM [New Economic Model] proposes reforming ethnic preferences in business ownership and social safety net programs. Some conservative Bumiputra groups have voiced strong opposition to any significant changes to the extensive preferences."[16]
Examples of such policies include:
Companies listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur) used to adhere to a 30% bumiputra ownership of equity to satisfy listing requirements. Foreign companies that operate in Malaysia also must adhere to this requirement. This policy was canceled in 2009.[17]
For a limited period, a certain percentage of new housing in any development has to be sold to bumiputra owners. Housing developers are required to provide a minimum 7% discount to bumiputra buyers of these lots. This is required regardless of the income level of the potential buyer. Remaining unsold houses after a given time period are allowed to be sold to non-bumiputera if the developer proves attempts have been made to fulfil the requirement. There is no bumiputra discount on existing housing.[citation needed]
A basket of government-run (and profit-guaranteed) mutual funds are available for purchase by bumiputra buyers only. The Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN) has return rates approximately 3 to 5 times that of local commercial banks.[citation needed]
Many government-tendered projects require that companies submitting tenders be bumiputra owned. This requirement has led to non-bumiputras teaming up with bumiputra companies to obtain projects, in a practice known as "Ali Baba". Ali, the bumiputra, is included solely to satisfy this requirement, and Baba (the non-bumiputra) pays Ali a certain sum in exchange.[citation needed]
Projects were earmarked for bumiputra contractors to enable them to gain expertise in various fields.[citation needed]
Approved Permits (APs) for automobiles preferentially allow bumiputra to import vehicles. Automotive companies wishing to bring in cars need to have an AP to do so. APs were originally created to allow bumiputra participation in the automotive industry, since they were issued to companies with at least 70% bumiputra ownership. In 2004, The Edge (a business newspaper) estimated that APs were worth approximately RM 35,000 each. They also estimated that the late Nasimuddin Amin, the former chairman of the Naza group, received 6,387 in 2003, making him the largest single recipient of APs. More than 12,200 APs were issued in 2003. In addition to APs, foreign car marquees are required to pay between 140% to 300% import duty.[citation needed]
As a result of these policies, many bumiputera with good connections quickly became millionaires. According to Tan Sri Rafidah Aziz, former Minister of Trade and Industry, the policy was to create "Towering Malays". In 2005 she gave a speech that stated: "If there are young Malay entrepreneurs whose companies are successful, then we appreciate their success, we want Towering Malays of glokal (global and local) standard". She also said that the policy of Approved Permits (APs) had produced many bumiputera entrepreneurs in the automotive industry.[18]
Since 2000, the Government has discussed phasing out certain affirmative action programs and reinstating "meritocracy". In 2003 it began the system of "Malaysian model meritocracy" for university admission. Admission to public universities was not based upon a common examination such as the SAT or A-Levels, but rather upon a two parallel systems of either a one-year matriculation course or a two-year STPM (Malaysian Higher School Certificate) programme. Bumiputras compose an overwhelming majority of entrants to the matriculation programme. It is a commonly-held belief that the public university entry requirements are easier for matriculation students and disproportionately difficult for STPM students.[citation needed]
Quotas also exist for Public Services Department (JPA) scholarships, full scholarships offered to students to study in leading universities worldwide. These scholarships are given on the basis of SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, the equivalent of O-Levels) results, ethnic group, and certain quotas. The JPA scholars are sent to selected pre-university programmes offered by the government – from there, they apply to universities.[citation needed]
Opposition to the Bumiputera policy[edit]
Early opposition[edit]
In the 1965 session of Parliament, Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew (who was also a Member of that Parliament) questioned the implementation of Malay rights as proposed. Lee asked, "How does the Malay in the kampung find his way out into this modernised civil society? By becoming servants of the 0.3 per cent who would have the money to hire them to clean their shoe, open their motorcar doors?" and "How does telling a Malay bus driver that he should support the party of his Malay director (UMNO) and the Chinese bus conductor to join another party of his Chinese director (MCA) – how does that improve the standards of the Malay bus driver and the Chinese bus conductor who are both workers in the same company?"[19]
Lee closed with "Meanwhile, whenever there is a failure of economic, social and educational policies, you come back and say, oh, these wicked Chinese, Indian and others opposing Malay rights. They don't oppose Malay rights. They, the Malay, have the right as Malaysian citizens to go up to the level of training and education that the more competitive societies, the non-Malay society, has produced. That is what must be done, isn't it? Not to feed them with this obscurantist doctrine that all they have got to do is to get Malay rights for the few special Malays and their problem has been resolved."[20]
Policy apologists and ongoing opposition[edit]
At the 2004 annual general assembly of the United Malays National Organisation, which is the largest member of the governing coalition, deputy chair Badruddin Amiruldin cautioned against questioning the Bumiputras' special rights, which met with approval from the delegates: "Let no one from the other races ever question the rights of Malays on this land. Don't question the religion because this is my right on this land."[21] In 2004, Mohd. Johari Baharum, parliamentary secretary of the Prime Minister's Department, stated that the PSD scholarships would remain quota based. He added that there were no plans to convert this to a merit based system, and that the total value of the PSD scholarship since 1996 was 2.4 billion Ringgit.[22]
Another controversial aspect is that the Orang Asli of peninsular Malaysia are not considered Bumiputra under the Federal constitution. As their settlement predates that of the Malays, this is considered by many, that Bumiputra is about the promotion one religion over another, especially since Orang Asli are much worse off than Muslim Malays. Others argue that the Orang Asli are in fact considered Bumiputra.[23]
On 1 March 2009, Datuk Nik Aziz Nik Mat, the spiritual leader of the opposition Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party stated that the term bumiputera is racist and the policy prevented other races from receiving government aid. Nik Aziz's remarks were made in response to the criticisms and threats made by UMNO against Democratic Action Party's Boo Cheng Hau, the opposition leader in Johor when Boo was reported to have compared "bumiputeraism" with state apartheid.[24]
On 1 February 2015, Swiss academic Tariq Ramadan reflected on how non-Muslims have been treated as second class citizens. He stated, "I'm sorry but some of your fellow citizens in this country who are not Muslims are facing this discrimination, they are facing injustices."[25]
Present condition of the Bumiputra[edit]
In 2006, the then Minister of Higher Education, Mustapa Mohamad, stated that he wanted public universities to recruit more non-bumiputra academic staff to "strive for world-class institutions", which may have signaled a move toward less racial discrimination in academia. However this does not affect entry into universities, which is still designed to restrict other races access to higher education in favour of the bumiputra.[26]
The manufacturing sector is exempted from the Foreign Investment Committee (FIC) Guidelines and the mandatory 30% Bumiputera equity and restrictions in market entry have been removed for all (manufacturing) sub-sectors.[27]
National identification card system and Bumiputera[edit]
Malaysia requires citizens to carry a national identification card called MyKad. Smart Cards identify citizens as Muslims or Non-Muslims.[28] the National identification card does not specify whether or not the holder is a bumiputera.[clarification needed]
Malaysia portal
Bumiputera (Brunei)
Bumiputera (Indonesia)
Social contract (Malaysia)
Malayness
Human rights in Malaysia
Notes and references[edit]
^ "The slaughter of sacred cows". The Economist. 3 April 2003. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
^ "A Never Ending Policy". The Economist. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^ "Malaysia ethnic tribes 'forced to convert'" – via www.youtube.com.
^ "Quickiepedia | Outcasts in their own land - The Orang Asli" – via www.youtube.com.
^ "Part XII: General and Miscellaneous, Constitution of Malaysia (Articles 152–160)", helplinelaw.com. Accessed 30 May 2007
^ a b Part XIIA: Additional Protections for States of Sabah and Sarawak, Constitution of Malaysia (Articles 161 – 161h), helplinelaw. Accessed 30 May 2007
^ a b "Being 'mixed' is no privilege". Borneo Post. 29 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
^ "Takrifan Bumiputera (The definition of Bumiputera)" (in Malay). Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
^ "Malaysia: The People of Malaysia", TripAdvisor
^ Ongkili, James P. (1985). Nation-building in Malaysia 1946–1974, pp. 82–84. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-582681-7.
^ Kee, Beng Ooi (2015). Lim Kit Siang: Defying the Odds. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-9814516259.
^ a b "Snag in policy implementation", New Straits Times, 31 December 2006, pp. 8–9
^ Lim, Kit Siang (1978). Time Bombs in Malaysia, p. 218 (2nd ed.). Democratic Action Party. No ISBN available.
^ Tan, Chee Koon & Vasil, Raj (ed., 1984). Without Fear or Favour, p. 10. Eastern Universities Press. ISBN 967-908-051-X.
^ "Putrajaya to study Indian Muslims' call to be recognised as Bumiputera".
^ "Malaysia". State.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "Scrapped – 30% bumi equity rule". The Edge Markets. 1 July 2009.
^ "UMNO". Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
^ "Memoirs of Lee Kwan Yew". CNN.
^ Lee, Kuan Yew (2000). The Singapore Story, Abridged edition, pp. 327–328. Federal Publications.
^ Gatsiounis, Ioannis (2 October 2004). "Abdullah stirs a hornets' nest". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2009. {{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "malaysiakini.com". malaysiakini.com. 7 October 2004. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "temiar.com". temiar.com. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "Nik Aziz says 'bumiputera' term is racist". The Malaysian Insider. 1 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
^ "Look in the mirror, Muslim don tells Malaysians critical of Western discrimination". 1 February 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
^ Goh, Leanne (30 August 2006). "Archives | The Star Online". Thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "amfta-Mansurpapar" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ M.Krishnamoorthy (23 December 2005). "Easy step to amend religion in MyKad, The Star On-Line, BY M. Krishnamoorthy, Friday December 23, 2005". Thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 28 January 2006. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
Indian Community Victim of 'Bumiputera' Policy, Observer Research Foundation, By Dilip Lahiri, February 2008
The "Allah" case in Malaysia, World Press, By Dr Marranci, 18 January 2010
2012 Investment Climate Statement – Malaysia, By BUREAU OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS AFFAIRS, U.S. Department of State, June 2012
Ethnic groups in Malaysia
Malaysians
Bumiputera
Anak Jati
Johorean Malay
Kedahan Malay
Kelantanese Malay
Malaccan Malay
Negeri Sembilanese Malay
Penangite Malay
Perakian Malay
Perlisan Malay
Pahang Malay
Selangorian Malay
Terengganuan Malay
Bruneian Malay
Kedayan
Sarawakian Malay
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text:
Legal Judicial
Dar Al Arkan introduces Trump signature villas, hotel, and golf course at its hilltop project 'AIDA' in Muscat, Oman
November 20, 2022 businessobserver
Video: https://youtu.be/xDB-TbRwBww
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia, Nov. 20, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Dar Al Arkan, the leading real estate company in Saudi Arabia, and The Trump Organization signed an agreement in New York to develop a signature Trump Resort, including residential villas, a hotel, and a golf course in the AIDA project. Located in Muscat, the 100-meter-high hilltop development is one of the largest premium mixed-use real estate projects in the world, situated by the sea.
Yousef Al Shelash, Chairman, Dar Al Arkan, said: "The Trump Organization is known for its exclusive developments. Superior quality, detail, and perfection are the standards that Trump demands across its projects – from residential to retail. We are always looking to enhance Dar Al Arkan's unique projects with premium facilities and experiences, and our partnership with Trump will distinguish our first venture in Oman and put it on the global map."
Eric Trump, Executive Vice President, The Trump Organization, said: "When we were looking at our next project and where we wanted to expand our footprint, we knew it had to be in an outstanding location and with an amazing team. At AIDA, in the heart of Muscat, Oman situated directly overlooking the incredible sea, we have truly found that. Together with Dar Al Arkan, we are going to deliver an exceptional Trump Golf resort with the finest residential villas, a world-class hotel, and an iconic golf course, all in one of the most beautiful settings."
Ziad El Chaar, CEO, Dar Al Arkan Global, said: "AIDA sits on a high peak overlooking one of the most breath-taking horizons in the world. Imagine the beautiful setting of a villa in these majestic surroundings or playing a game of golf overlooking the sea – it is truly unrivalled. We are confident the relationship with Trump will further enhance the beauty of AIDA and attract investors from around the world looking to be part of an exceptional project."
AIDA, to be built on 3.5 million square meters and valued at $4billion, will be developed over ten years with the support of OMRAN Group, the Sultanate of Oman's executive arm for tourism development.
Designed by a renowned golf professional, the golf course in the Trump property will feature state-of-the-art facilities, and an expansive golf club, setting a new benchmark for the sport in the Middle East.
Contact: Atrayee Roy Choudhury, Atrayee.Choudhury@bcw-global.com, +971 44507600
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1951740/Dar_Al_Arkan_1.jpg
Tagged Pakistan
Thousands of poor children being provided education, health scholarships: Shazia
Bilawal successfully highlighted Pakistan's multiple socio-economic issues to world: SAPM
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DeFi Powerhouse Fantom's Native Token FTM Gets Listed on BitFinex and Gemini
June 19, 2021 businessobserver
گرین لو کاربن ڈیولپمنٹ پر 2022 ایشیا گول میز سمٹ کامیابی کے ساتھ منعقد ہوئی
December 26, 2022 businessobserver
Dual National Pakistani Students Have 'Brighter' Chances of Securing Visas
June 3, 2021 businessobserver
Senate passes 'The Factories (Amendment) Bill, 2022' & 'The Federal Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2022' January 30, 2023
UAE President's visit to Islamabad postponed due to weather conditions January 30, 2023
Yes, the Business Observer indeed does what its name reveals, which means covering the news from all the industries, which are putting their efforts into accelerating the economy of Pakistan. The website is a trustworthy business news website and its name is taken among those
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text:
NL East Notes: Wilson, Brown, Mets, Hanley
By Mark Polishuk | October 27, 2011 at 6:25pm CDT
Some news from the NL East…
"Folks seem to think the Nationals are going to make [a] big play for C.J. Wilson," tweets Jon Heyman from Sports Illustrated. Heyman thinks the Nats will offer Wilson a contract worth around $75-80MM. In August, MLBTR's Tim Dierkes thought Wilson could fetch a $100MM deal this winter given the lack of quality starters in the free agent market, but Wilson's postseason struggles will probably prevent him from that nine-figure contract.
Dealing Domonic Brown or keeping him in the minors in 2012 would be a short-sighted move for the Phillies, argues CSNPhilly.com's Casey Feeney.
"With supply seemingly exceeding demand" on the free agent closer market this winter, the Mets can look beyond the biggest names (Heath Bell, Francisco Rodriguez, Ryan Madson and Jonathan Papelbon) and still find a solid closer at a reasonable price, writes Adam Rubin of ESPN New York. Rubin also says the Mets are looking for another left-handed reliever to pair with Tim Byrdak, as the club worries that Danny Herrera will become less effective as opponents become more familiar with him.
The Marlins haven't discussed moving Hanley Ramirez away from shortstop or asking Ramirez about a position change, club president David Samson tells MLB.com's Joe Frisaro.
From that same piece, Samson says the Marlins will be "very active" this winter with their expected rise in payroll. "We're going to be very aggressive, but we're not going to be foolish," Samson said. "That's the key. When you raise your payroll, you've got to do it smartly, because if you don't, you are losing 90 games at a higher payroll."
The Braves haven't yet decided if they will exercise Eric Hinske and Nate McLouth's 2012 options, reports David O'Brien of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. McLouth's $10.65MM option will certainly be bought out for $1.25MM, that's a no-brainer. As for Hinske, he's a useful reserve — he can play first base and both corner outfield spots, and he had a .754 OPS against right-handed pitching last season. Hinske's option is worth just $1.5MM so my guess is Atlanta brings back the former AL Rookie of the Year.
Atlanta Braves C.J. Wilson Domonic Brown Eric Hinske Hanley Ramirez Miami Marlins Nate McLouth New York Mets Philadelphia Phillies Washington Nationals
Fred Lewis, Chad Reineke Elect Free Agency
Boras Kidding About Reworking Cano's Contract
If you look at Wilson's history, it doesn't seem like $75-80MM would be an albatross contract, and I think it's wrong to write off Jayson Werth. Last year was very flukey based on his history, and many players have a rough first year after changing teams. No matter how you look at it, the Nationals need one or two front of the rotation guys to go along with Strasburg, with Wang and Zimmermann rounding the rotation out in an ideal world, bumping Lannan out of the picture. To get that front of the rotation talent, they will use the resource that is most expendable to them… money. It seems senseless for a team like the Nationals with an ambitious, deep-pocketed owner to clean out their farm system on a trade rather than grabbing a young ace with a stellar history during his time in the bigs. I think it makes all the sense in the world.
CJ Wilson isnt really "young". Although ive always though that he looks younger than he is for some reason…
toddboss
But his arm is "young." Only two years starting, so a lot of mileage that someone like a Felix Hernandez will have on his arm at CJ Wilson's age, he doesn't.
I'm afraid of Wilson, speaking as a Nats fan. I think he'll get FAR more money than he's worth, and we'll be paying him like a #1 when he's really a #3.
Also, he has awesome hair.
ejs1111
As a Nats fan… I too am hoping the Nats do NOT sign Wilson. All I see is an OLDER version of John Lannan. Wilson only throws high 80's, low 90's, walks more than he should, lefty, and had a couple good years pitching for one of the best offenses in the AL.
In my opinion, if you put Lannan on Texas- he could win 15 games too.
Call me crazy… but I would be content with the Nats resigning Wang, and trying to sign someone like Oswalt (bad back and all) to a 2 yr deal. Let Oswalt be our veteran starter, we have enough pitching depth now to fill in for him when he hits the DL because of his back. He could slot in anywhere from #1-3 for us.
Use the money saved to go after offense, and/or trade for a CF'er.
Our pitching was in the top10 this past year (without Stras)
my 2 cents. Go Nats!
Matt Talbert
Don't you have Denard Span, Jayson "U Ain't Werth It" And Harper/Morse for the OF? Plus a potential trade for BJ Upton I'm hearing rumors about.
Nate Mclouth will look good in a KC uniform next year
BraveCrowe
Scorn me if you wish, but if we are looking for a "spark" for the Braves outfield–why dont we see what Cleveland does with Grady Sizemore? is it to much to wish that he could just play near the level he did with those great Indian teams? or do you think the Injury Bug has stained his career forever? I would love to see him in left. Yes I realize that he is Left Handed, but the reward could be soooo high.. (of course this is all useless blabbering if the Indians pick up his option)


Sarah Benedick is an awesome person. She is one in a family of six. Her parents are Ben and Gigi, and she has a younger sister, Hadassah, and two older siblings, Abigail and Joel. She was born in Cairns, Australia when her parents were missionaries in Papua New Guinea, but when she was eight, she came back and is now going to Calvary Church. She also attends Hinkletown Mennonite School with her sister Hadassah. Her favorite class in school is science.
Sarah enjoys doing many things which include baking, photography, soccer, reading, and, most of all, science. "I like science because I love how everything comes together in the end, like molecules, they are what everything is made up of. Also, how experiments and tests are like keys to new things.
She likes the science of how the organs and stomachs of cows work and digest. She loves cows! When she grows up, she really wants to be a large animal vet. If she becomes one, she would use her knowledge and love of science to learn how the animals' bodies work so she can take better care of them. She would also enjoy working as a teacher, preferably a science teacher, to kids with special needs.
Sarah has two great job potentials which both involve doing something she loves. Even if she cannot get one of those jobs, she is still hoping (and convincing her parents) to own a cow!
Samuel Coronado is a 13-year-old eighth grade student at Hinkletown Mennonite School. He is the son of Tania Salas and Saul Coronado. He has a younger brother, Andy, who is in fifth grade also at HMS. Samuel and his family attend Hope of the Nations Christian Center. In his free time, he likes to watch YouTube and also enjoys swimming. Samuel's interest in drawing, design, photography, and architecture has led him to want to be an architect for a career in the future.
Taking pictures of buildings and drawing them as well is something Samuel really likes to do, which will be useful if he pursues his dream of becoming an architect. He would like to design a special building specifically for his family. He's also interested in designing buildings for multiple purposes. Samuel likes modern design buildings and housing. He also likes the architecture in Singapore. Samuel has a desire to go to Europe as well, which is rich in unique buildings and is also a top stop for fashion designers, which is another of his interests.
Fashion designing, more specifically designer clothes, interests Samuel. Someday he would like his own clothing line or store. While he would love to travel to Europe, Samuel has a desire to live in New York City, which would be good for clothing design and also has so many skyscrapers that Samuel enjoys.
In conclusion, it is clear that the world can expect great things from Samuel. He is a well-rounded person who loves his family and has many interests and big dreams.
Isabelle Stauffer enjoys baking and animals, especially horses. She also lived with a brown boxer for a couple of years, and later in her life three goats, a rooster named Rainbow, and lots of chickens. Isabelle goes to Hinkletown Mennonite School as a seventh grader. Also, she attends Petra Fellowship Church with her family. Isabelle really enjoys her family. She said, "They are so awesome!" Her parents are Loren and Connie Stauffer. She also has one older sister, Avery, and two little brothers, Judah and Jesse. She likes her family very much, but her passion lies in horses and baking.
Isabelle is always baking at her house. She loves to bake exotic foods like French macaroons, Spanish flan, and English biscotti. She wants to go to The Pennsylvania School of Culinary Arts so she can learn how to cook professionally and open a fancy restaurant. Isabelle would call it Ponies and Pastries.
Ponies and Pastries would be a place where baking and horseback riding would be combined. It would also be a place where she could teach others how to do the amazing sport of horseback riding, and also a horse stable where others can keep their horses. Isabelle already has a summer job working at Brown Hill Stable, and she also rides there every Thursday on her horse, Wrangler.
She cannot wait for the future to fulfill her pony-filled dreams!
Kathryn Zimmerman is a creative eighth grader who attends school at Hinkletown Mennonite School. She lives with her parents, Lorin and Wendy, as well as her siblings, Austin and Emily. They all attend Millport Mennonite Church. Kathryn enjoys going to the beach with her family, swimming, and soccer. No matter what she is doing, she has many creative ideas.
There are a variety of ways Kathryn enjoys being creative. She is very good at art and enjoys drawing sceneries and portraits. She also enjoys other types of art, such as cake decorating. In whatever type of art she is doing, she finds ways to be very creative. In seventh grade art class, Kathryn and her friends made a boat out of trash, including people on the deck doing activities, flags on the roof, and even a water skier. She also enjoys cooking and finding ways to be creative in the kitchen, as well as planting succulents and other flowers in interesting patterns. She enjoys playing soccer where she might just use some creative plays.
Kathryn's creativity will aid in her future dreams of becoming an interior designer. Interior designers need to be extra creative to get every last detail correct. She already has some experience because she helped her parents redesign her room. She has also been part of the yearbook team at school and helped to design it.
Kathryn will be a very good interior designer, and her creativity will aid her in the future.
If anyone ever wants to find Ceili Marquis, they will likely discover her serving others or singing while doing her schoolwork. Ceili has been supported by her wonderful parents, Sean and Juanice, and she has two brothers, Colin and Ian, who have been by her side since she was little. Ceili and her family attend New Holland Church of the Nazarene almost every Sunday. This wonderful eighth grader has been going to Hinkletown Mennonite School since she was in second grade. Ceili has many gifts, and they include showing others what God has given her and helping them see God's love through her.
Anything Ceili does, she makes sure to do it with kindness and love. She is involved in many school activities, such as writing for the newspaper, being one of the voices for morning announcements, and taking care of the animals in the science room. She enjoys being involved in activities because it gives her an opportunity to show God's love. One of Ceili's many friends, Sienna Smith, mentioned that she is always humming or singing a song that praises God.
Ceili is regularly singing during her many hobbies. She has enjoyed learning how to play the ukulele, and at home she loves to play videogames, read, write, and sing. Ceili is in the Middle School Chamber Choir this year, and she looks forward to it because it gives her a chance to worship with others. Ceili has experienced God's love and she wants others to see it, too.
Ceili shows others what God has blessed her with whenever she can. She has touched so many people during her life. She is funny, smart, and kind. Ceili is an amazing person who loves God and will forever follow Him.
Timothy Martin is a 14-year-old boy who will stand out wherever he is as an excellent servant of Christ. He attends Weaverland Anabaptist Faith Community with his three siblings and his parents, whose names are Jeff and Hannah. He likes to ride his four-wheeler in the woods behind his house and is a very good driver. He goes to Hinkletown Mennonite School and is in eighth grade. His good attitude towards everything makes him an absolute joy to be around, and he is also very handy and dependable. In the future, he wants to work for Martin Tree Service, which is the business that his father owns.
The reason he wants to work with his dad is because he looks up to his father and shares some of the same interests as him, such as working outside. He has a great knowledge of the outdoors and is good at operating machinery. He has a passion for nature and believes that it should be nourished. He would also be good at this job because he is a very hard worker, especially when he is doing something he likes. He knows how to use tools and machinery very well – he can build things, plant things, and fix things. Timothy has the potential to have a great career and may even take over his dad's business when he is old enough, which he would be good at because he is very smart and good at managing money.
Timothy is bound for greatness in his future. Whether it is starting his own business or taking over his father's, Timothy Martin will be an excellent servant of Christ everywhere he goes.
Jordis Patterson is in eighth grade at HMS and is the daughter of David Patterson. On Sundays she attends Saint Stevens with her dad and her grandparents. Jordis is kind, cares about nature, and is great at playing the cello. Even though she has many special traits, her creative one shines the most.
Jordis loves to create crafts, music, jewelry and things made of clay, but she especially loves to create jewelry and crafts. Jordis has a hobby making jewelry and putting it for sale on Etsy. Jordis got her inspiration to make jewelry from participating in a club with one of her middle school teachers. When she gets older, she even wants to open a craft store called Scribble.
Jordis is not just creative with wire and beads. She makes little objects out of clay, too. She does not have a specific focus when she's molding the clay; she just creates whatever she wants, though she likes to make little animals and other things like that. Jordis has a creative streak for sure, and she intends to use it throughout her life.
Jordis Patterson is an extremely creative person using wire, beads and tools to make necklaces and bracelets. Using clay and her fingers, she makes amazing things. God gave her an amazing gift, and she uses it as much as she can.


FLBS as a Center and department of the University of Montana follows the branding guidelines specified by UM. Typefaces, colors, and UM logos may be found on the UM brand page.
The new FLBS logo is here! These are print quality versions of the new FLBS stream/lake logo. The versions below are appropriate for print use and have 300dpi with white backgrounds. If you require a grayscale, higher/lower resolution, or transparent background, please contact FLBS IT for assistance.


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One week ago, an armed man entered the Al-Noor mosque in Christchurch. There he shot and killed over forty people, before driving to another nearby mosque where he killed a further seven people before an unarmed man, Abdul Aziz, confronted him and managed to prevent him continuing his attacks.
Last night in Dunedin, where the attacker had lived while planning the attacks, over 18,000 people gathered to remember those who died and to express solidarity with the Muslim community in New Zealand. Ten thousand staff and students—over half the university—marched in silence from the University of Otago to the vigil. Dr Mohammed Rizwan, chair of the Otago Muslim Association, addressed the crowd. The perpetrator, he said, had hoped to terrorise the community and the world "but he failed. He failed because he chose us. He failed because despite his attempts we gather here tonight, united as one whanau." The vigil was one of many, many expressions of New Zealanders' revulsion at the attacks and their determination to prevent them happening again.
Also yesterday, New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the government would legislate quickly to change our gun laws. An order in council, already signed by the Governor General, reclassified the type of weapons used in the attack to make it effectively impossible to buy one now. A complete ban will follow in a matter of weeks, and an amnesty and buy-back scheme will remove guns already purchased from circulation. This will not prevent the growth of hate in New Zealand—that will be harder and take longer—but it will immediately make it much more difficult to carry out attacks of this kind.
Today, the call for prayer will be broadcast nationally on radio and television. Across the country, non-Muslims will form human chains around mosques to show their support for their Muslim neighbours. New Zealanders will never forget these attacks, or those who died. But the responses to them—thousands of acts of solidarity, of aroha and of manaakitanga—show that the attacks did not succeed in their larger purpose of dividing Muslims from others in New Zealand.


When connecting to the Internet, the connection might be via a regular modem, via a connection in the office or LAN (Local Area Network), via a cable modem or a DSL connection also referred to as Digital Subscriber Line. DSL is a connection that is high speed and utilizes similar wires like the normal telephone line. There are several advantages of the DSL. First of which is that they are capable of leaving an Internet connection open and at the same time be able to utilize the telephone line for vocal calls. The speed is a lot higher as compared to the regular modem.
Another advantage is that the DSL internet does not necessarily need new wiring because the telephone line being used supports the cause. A company that provides DSL normally provides the modem as part of an installation. It also has some disadvantages like the connection being better when a person is closer to the central office of the provider. The further away one is the poorer the connection is. This service is also not available everywhere. The connection is very ideal in receiving data than it is in sending data across the Internet. Apart from these small setbacks, the DSL is very ideal because while using the phone, the Internet connection is not disturbed and also telephone communication.
When people are informed of how telephones operate, then it is quite possible that they are aware that a normal telephone installation consists of two copper wires installed in the home. Copper wires cannot only carry telephone conversation but even more data. They can also be capable of handling a great bandwidth, as well as frequency range than a voice call demands. DSL internet access is able to manipulate the extra capacity to be able to carry information on the wire without any disturbance to the cable's ability to carry voice conversations.
To be able to understand how DSL connections work, there is the need to have knowledge on a standard telephone line. POTS, which is known by many telephone professionals denoting the Plain Old Telephone Service, is very ideal especially in limiting frequencies that the telephones, switches and other telephone equipment will carry. The wires are capable of handling frequencies that are close to seven million Hertz in many cases. The normal conversation tone can be carried in a range frequency ranging from 0 to 3,400 Hz. Having a DSL connection is very ideal for communicating effectively between employees in an office.


text:
Work to Begin on Grawtown Road Bridge in Jackson
JACKSON-WORK WILL BEGIN this summer on a new Grawton Road Bridge in Jackson Township.
The Ocean County Board of Chosen Freeholders is expected to award a $1.6 million contract to Marbo, Inc. for the new span.
The new bridge will be a 12-foot-long long span with a precast concrete culvert and concrete wing walls. The structure will be built on steel-pipe piles with concrete footings.
The new span replaces an aging wood structure built in 1936 that carries traffic over the Dove Mill Branch of the Toms River.
"We are constantly monitoring our roads and bridges to ensure that we have the safest possible road network here in Ocean County," said Freeholder Jack Kelly, who is also Director of Law and Public Safety.
The new bridge will be 36-feet wide with two 12-foot travel lanes and two 6-foot shoulders.
The old bridge was 30-feet wide.
A full detour around the bridge will be in place for the duration of the construction, which is expected to last about six months.
The project also includes the installation of state Department of Environmental Protection mandated terrestrial animal crossings on each side of the main culvert.
There's a New Sheriff in Town: Golden Brings "Minus" Touch to the Shores of Ocean County
Freeholders Warn Residents not to Buy or Use Illegal Fireworks on Fourth of July


Posters of Syrian president Bashar Al-Assad (R) and his father Hafez Al-Assad (L) are seen at the main entrance at the Brigade 52 military base after it was captured by the Free Syrian Army in Daraa, Syria June 9, 2015.
Syrian rebels launched an offensive Thursday to capture government-held neighborhoods in the southern city of Daraa, setting off fighting that killed dozens of people, including a man struck by a shell that slammed into a market in a nearby Jordanian border town.
Daraa is the birthplace of the uprising against President Bashar Assad that erupted in 2011.
The uprising began with mostly peaceful protests but escalated into a full-blown civil war after a brutal government crackdown.
The new offensive started around dawn Thursday, aiming to "liberate the city of Daraa," said Maj. Issam el Rayyes, spokesman for the Southern Front, a coalition of several dozen moderate rebel groups that is leading the push.
The spokesman said rebels and government troops were clashing in several locations.
Syrian State TV said rebel shelling attacks on Daraa killed six people and wounded 13. It said electricity was cut in the city after a main station was hit north of Daraa.
A Jordanian security official said one man was killed and four people were wounded when a shell from Syria struck a market in the Jordanian border town of Ramtha. He spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the issue with reporters.
The website of the Jordanian daily Al-Rai said a total of three shells hit Ramtha and that the sound of explosions on the Syrian side of the border could be heard throughout the day. It said the four wounded included two 12-year-old boys.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 20 troops and pro-government gunmen as well as 18 rebels were killed on the first day of fighting.
Daraa governor Mohammed Khaled al-Hannous told Syrian state TV that the attack on the city began at 5:30 a.m. (0230 GMT) with intense shelling.
"Our armed forces repelled them and inflicted large casualties among them" al-Hannous said. "The situation is under control and they did not advance even one meter."
Mahmoud Al-Saqar (R) holds a remnant of a shell that fell on his house after a mortar bomb from the fighting in southern Syria hit a bustling market place in the town of Ramtha, Jordan, June 25, 2015.