text:
Teachers' Corner
Last updated on: 1/11/2012 | Author: ProCon.org
Vegetarian Scholars & Inventors
31-40 of 50 Famous Vegetarians
<< Previous: Leaders & Activists Next: Writers & Artists >>
31. Thomas Alva Edison 32. Albert Einstein 33. Jane Goodall, PhD 34. Sylvester Graham
35. Brian Greene, PhD 36. Henry J. Heimlich, MD 37. Steve Jobs 38. John Harvey Kellogg, MD
39. Peter Singer, BPhil 40. Paul Wenner
31. Thomas Alva Edison
(Born Feb. 11, 1847; Died Oct. 18, 1931)
US inventor and entrepreneur; inventions include the modern incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera; named on 1,093 US patents
"During the recent illness, from mastoiditis, of Mr. Thos. Alva Edison, the famous inventor ceased using meat and went for a thorough course of vegetarianism. Mr. Edison was so pleased with the change of diet that, now he has regained his normal health, he continues to renounce meat in all its forms."
"Mr. Edison a Vegetarian," Vegetarian Times, June 1908, available at the International Vegetarian Union (IVU) website (accessed Dec. 6, 2011)
"Non-violence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages."
Thomas Alva Edison, quoted by Michael J. Gelb and Sarah Miller Caldicott in Innovate like Edison: the Success System of America's Greatest Inventor, 2007
"In early July 1988, the word went out on the streets of Orange [NJ] that the Edison lab would pay 25 cents for every stray dog delivered to its door. Neighborhood boys led the roundup, and the lab soon had more than enough subjects for [Edison employee] Brown's experiments…
…Edison wasn't squeamish about zapping animals with electricity. Brown's dog experiments might have reminded Edison of the Rat Paralyser he had built twenty years earlier to rid the telegraph office of rodents…
The planned execution of Topsy [an elephant kept at Coney Island's Luna Park Zoo] promised an even more stunning visual spectacle, one that Edison couldn't resist. Topsy's killing was a splendid opportunity to capture powerful images that would not only astonish viewers but also remind them of the killing power of alternating current [AC power, rival technology to Edison's DC (direct current)]. On the day of Topsy's execution, Edison's cameraman was given a front-row view of the proceedings. The resulting minute and a half of film, Electrocuting an Elephant, would prove to be one of Edison's longest and most arresting motion pictures to date."
Tom McNichol, AC/DC: The Savage Tale of the First Standards War, 2006
Photo source: images.google.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
32. Albert Einstein
(Born Mar. 14, 1879; Died Apr. 18, 1955)
German-US physicist; author of the special and general theories of relativity; Nobel prize recipient
"Although I have been prevented by outward circumstances from observing a strictly vegetarian diet[*], I have long been an adherent to the cause in principle. Besides agreeing with the aims of vegetarianism for aesthetic and moral reasons, it is my view that a vegetarian manner of living by its purely physical effect on the human temperament would most beneficially influence the lot of mankind."
Albert Einstein (*December 27, 1930, prior to adopting a vegetarian diet), quoted on the International Vegetarian Union website (accessed Dec. 7, 2011)
"When you buy a piece of land to plant your cabbage and apples, you first have to drain it; that will kill all forms of animal and plant life that exist in that water. Later you would have to kill all the worms and caterpillars etc. that would eat your plants. If you must avoid all this killing on moral grounds, you will in the end have to kill yourself, all for the sake of leaving alive those creatures who have no such conception of higher moral principles."
Albert Einstein, quoted posthumously in Vegetarisches Universum, Dec. 1957, cited by Alice Calaprice in The Ultimate Quotable Einstein, 2011
"So I am living without fats, without meat, without fish, but am feeling quite well this way. It always seems to me that man was not born to be a carnivore."
Albert Einstein (1954), quoted in Science, Worldviews and Education: from the Journal Science & Education, 2009
Photo source: www.uni-frankfurt.de (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
33. Jane Goodall, PhD (formerly known as Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall)
(Born Apr. 3, 1934)
British ethologist, primatologist and anthropologist; United Nations Messenger of Peace; Dame of the British Empire
"The first thing you learn when having lunch with the famous primatologist Jane Goodall, 66, is that she doesn't really eat. A strict vegetarian, Goodall ordered a plate of vegetables, then took most of them back to her hotel room so she wouldn't have to waste money on food that evening. The second thing you learn is she can't get used to waste, period. When I pushed my vegetables away, she asked whether she could take them, too. No problem."
"The Bushmeat Crisis," www.forbes.com, Nov. 13, 2000
"In the early 1970s, I learned about the horrors of intensive animal production… This happened suddenly as a result of reading Peter Singer's Animal Liberation. I had never heard of a factory farm before and as I turned the pages I became increasingly incredulous, horrified and angry…
I can still remember how I felt when I closed Singer's book. I thought about the delicious pork chops that I loved, the heavenly smell of frying bacon in the morning. And all the roast chicken, casseroled chicken, fried chicken, and chicken soup that I had enjoyed during my life… When I saw meat on my plate, from that moment on, I should think of pain-fear-death. How horrible.
And so it was clear. I would eat no more meat. For another year or so I continued to eat fish…
The good news is that vegetarian – and vegan – food is not only good for the environment, the welfare of animals, and human health, but it is also delicious when properly cooked…
…[T]he mass production of meat on intensive farms is taking its toll not only, as we have seen, on the well-being of the animal victims, but also on human health. And it is wreaking havoc on the environment whether the animals are factory-farmed or grazed."
Jane Goodall, Gary McAvoy and Gail Hudson, Harvest for Hope: A Guide to Mindful Eating, 2005
Photo source: wrestlingtheangel.wordpress.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
34. Sylvester Graham
(Born July 5, 1794; Died Sep. 11, 1851)
Inventor of the graham cracker; Presbyterian minister
"The first vegetarian society was formed in 1847 in England. Three years later, Rev. Sylvester Graham, the inventor of Graham crackers, co-founded the American Vegetarian Society. Graham was a Presbyterian minister and his followers, called Grahamites, obeyed his instructions for a virtuous life: vegetarianism, temperance, abstinence, and frequent bathing."
Claire Suddath, "A Brief History of Veganism," www.time.com, Oct. 30, 2008
"Flesh-meats average about thirty-five per cent of nutritious matter, while rice, wheat, and several kinds of pulse (such as lentils, peas, and beans) afford from eighty to ninety-five per cent; potatoes afford twenty-five per cent of nutritious matter. So that one pound of rice contains more nutritious matter than two pounds and a half of flesh-meat; three pounds of whole meal bread contain more than six pounds of flesh, and three pounds of potatoes more than two pounds of flesh."
Sylvester Graham, quoted by Howard Williams in The Ethics of Diet: a Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh-Eating, 1883
Image source: factoidz.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
35. Brian Greene, PhD
(Born Feb. 9, 1963)
US theoretical physicist specializing in superstring theory; Rhodes Scholar; author and Pulitzer Prize finalist; television writer and host
"Q: Why do you think so many of the greatest geniuses have been vegetarian?
B[rian Greene]: From my limited experience, vegetarians typically are people who are willing to challenge the usual, accepted order of things. Moreover, they're often people willing to sacrifice their own pleasures in pursuit of what they believe is right. These same qualities are often what's needed to make great breakthroughs in the arts and sciences.
Q: Why do you think other scientists are still not vegetarian?
B: I would ask, more generally, why the vast majority of people are not vegetarian. I think the answer is that most people don't question the practice of eating meat since they always have. Many of these people care about animals and the environment, some deeply. But for some reason—force of habit, cultural norms, resistance to change—there is a fundamental disconnect whereby these feelings don't translate into changes of behavior.
Q: What inspired you to become a vegetarian?
B: Quite literally, it was a dish—spare ribs—that my mother cooked when I was nine years old. The ribs made the connection between the meat and the animal from which it came direct; I was horrified and declared I'd never eat meat again. And I never have. Going vegan happened later. I visited an animal rescue farm in upstate New York and learned much about the dairy industry which was so disturbing that I could not continue to support it. Within days I gave up all dairy."
Interview with Brian Greene, Supreme Master Ching Hai News website (accessed Dec. 7, 2011)
Photo source: www.columbia.edu (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
36. Henry J. Heimlich, MD
US surgeon, author, and teacher; co-inventor of the "Heimlich maneuver"
"…[The] Heimlich maneuver surpassed back blows to become the most highly acclaimed response to choking. This simple technique—in which the rescuer places a fist just below a choking victim's rib cage and above the navel, then quickly thrusts inward and upward to clear the victim's airway—has saved at least 35,000 American choking victims and innumerable others around the world…[*]
Besides helping others, Heimlich now has a personal mission to improve his own health. Last spring, at the suggestion of his wife, Jane (the author of several books on alternative medicine), he attended a session at Dr. John McDougall's vegan health program in Deer Park, Calif. After five days at the McDougall Program, Heimlich became a confirmed vegan—no meat, fish, eggs or dairy products.
After seeing his blood sugar and cholesterol levels drop and his endurance improve, Heimlich has become as convinced of the health value of a vegan diet as he is about his famous maneuver."
Debra Blake Weisenthal, "A Lifesaver," Vegetarian Times, Oct. 1992
[*Editor's note: The American Red Cross began recommending the "Heimlich maneuver" as the first course of action for choking victims in 1986, but downgraded the technique in 2006, promoting "back blows" as the preferred first response. The Red Cross has also warned that using Heimlich's technique for drowing victims may be dangerous.]
Photo source: www.dvs.ohio.gov (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
37. Steve Jobs
(Born Feb. 24, 1955; Died Oct. 5, 2011)
Cofounder of Apple Computer, Inc.; inventor, named on 323 US patents; former owner of Pixar Animation Studios; founder of NeXT Corporation; National Medal of Technology recipient (1985)
"[A] book that deeply influenced Jobs during his freshman year was Diet for a Small Planet by Frances Moore Lappé, which extolled the personal and planetary benefits of vegetarianism. 'That's when I swore off meat pretty much for good,' he recalled. But the book also reinforced his tendency to embrace extreme diets, which included purges, fasts, or eating only one or two foods, such as carrots or apples, for weeks on end.
Jobs and [his friend Daniel] Kottke became serious vegetarians during their freshman year. 'Steve got into it even more than I did,' said Kottke. 'He was living off Roman Meal cereal.'… There is a story about Steve turning orange from eating so many carrots, and there is some truth to that.' Friends remember him having, at times, a sunset-like orange hue.
Jobs's dietary habits became even more obsessive when he read Mucusless Diet Healing System by Arnold Ehret, an early twentieth-century German-born nutrition fanatic. He believed in eating nothing but fruit and starchless vegetables, which he said prevented the body from forming harmful mucus, and he advocated cleansing the body regularly through prolonged fasts. That meant the end of even Roman Meal cereal—or any bread, grains, or milk. Jobs began warning friends of the mucus dangers lurking in their bagels. 'I got into it in my typical nutso way,' he said. At one point he and Kottke went for an entire week eating only apples, and then Jobs began to try even purer fasts. He started with two-day fasts, and eventually tried to stretch them to a week or more, breaking them carefully with large amounts of water and leafy vegetables. 'After a week you start to feel fantastic,' he said. 'You get a ton of vitality from not having to digest all this food. I was in great shape. I felt I could get up and walk to San Francisco [from Reed College in Portland, OR] whenever I wanted.'"
Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs, 2011
"In 2003… a CT scan and other tests found a cancerous tumor in [Jobs'] pancreas. Doctors urged him to have an operation to remove the tumor, but Mr. Jobs put it off and instead tried a vegan diet, juices, herbs, acupuncture and other alternative remedies.
Nine months later, the tumor had grown. Only then did he agree to surgery, during which his doctors found that the cancer had spread to his liver…"
Denise Grady, "A Tumor Is No Clearer in Hindsight," www.nytimes.com, Nov. 11, 2011
Photo source: www.sfgate.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
38. John Harvey Kellogg, MD
(Born Feb. 26, 1852; Died Dec. 14, 1943)
US physician and health-food pioneer; co-developer of Kellogg's Corn Flakes
"Vegetarian animals are longer lived, have greater endurance, greater freedom from disease and greater intelligence than the flesh-eating class, and the same is true of human beings…
…[M]eat, on the average, requires two or three times as long for digestion as do fruits and farinaceous [starchy] foodstuffs such as apples, rice, etc… Boiled rice digests in one hour; roast pork requires five and a half hours.
…Horsley, the famous English brain surgeon, showed experimentally that the extractives of meat are a paralyzing poison to the brain. After trephining [removing a circular piece of bone from the skull] a monkey and locating a motor area on the surface of the brain, he applied gentle electric stimulation. The result was the vigorous contraction of the muscles of the limbs controlled by the particular nerve cells under experiment. He then applied a few drops of bouillon. Instantly, the action of the muscles ceased. No amount of stimulation produced the slightest movement. The brain cells were paralyzed. Meat is not a true stimulant. It renders the brain and nerves sluggish. After hearty meat eating, mental dullness is often very pronounced. The meat eater is not only irritable, but stupid and sullen…"
John Harvey Kellogg, MD, The Natural Diet of Man, 1923
Photo source: smithgreg.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
39. Peter Singer, BPhil
(Born July 6, 1946)
Australian bioethicist, utilitarian philosopher, author, and founding figure in the animal rights movement; Humanist Laureate
"…[To practice one's principles] I suppose you try to live in such a way that you're having the least harmful impact on others, that is, on other people, on other sentient beings, animals, and on the planet and, where possible, you go beyond that and you actually try and make things better, you actually try and help others who need it.
…[F]or example, I am a vegetarian. …I try and avoid animal products, 'cause I think the animal industry, factory farming in particular, is an enormous source of unnecessary pain and suffering to animals, plus is not great for the planet either…"
Interview with Peter Singer (transcript), Talking Heads, ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Television, May 28, 2007
"…Vegetarianism is, for me, a means to an end rather than an end in itself. Whether we ought to be vegetarians depends on a lot of facts about the situation in which we find ourselves.
Some writers find this strange. They think of vegetarians as moral absolutists, who will stick to their belief in the immorality of eating meat no matter what. Thus Cora Diamond writes: '…one curious feature of the Peter Singer sort of argument… is that your Peter Singer vegetarian should be perfectly happy to eat the unfortunate lamb that has just been hit by a car.' Why is this curious? It is only curious on the assumption that vegetarians must think it always wrong to eat meat. No doubt some vegetarians are moral absolutists, just as there are absolute pacifists, absolute antiabortionists and absolutist truth-tellers who would never tell a lie. I reject all these forms of moral absolutism…
When we apply utilitarianism to the issue of how we should treat animals, one vital point stands out immediately. Utilitarianism, in its classical form, aims at minimizing pain and maximizing pleasure. Many nonhuman animals can experience pain and pleasure… Therefore they are morally significant entities. They have moral standing. In this respect they are like humans and unlike rocks."
Peter Singer, "Utilitarianism and Vegetarianism," Philosophy and Public Affairs, Summer 1980
Photo source: www.princeton.edu (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
40. Paul Wenner
(Born May 6, 1947)
Inventor of the Gardenburger meatless patty and founder of Wholesome & Hearty Foods Company; health food book author
"As a teenager in the 1960s, Wenner became aware of his eating habits and how they affected his health and well-being… He began to dream of opening his own restaurant. In 1981, he realized that dream, establishing The Gardenhouse, a vegetarian restaurant, in Gresham, Oregon. The Gardenhouse opened to great reviews.
Wenner was faced with a common challenge among restaurateurs: how to use up the leftovers. One day he experimented with a mixture of leftover vegetables and rice pilaf. He added a few ingredients and made the mixture into a loaf, which he served as an item he called the 'Garden Loaf Sandwich.' He then thought he would try slicing up the mixture and serving it on a hamburger bun — this he called the Gardenburger.
To his surprise, the Gardenburger became a huge hit, soon accounting for nearly half his customers' lunch orders…
Gardenburger went public in 1992, and within a year it had become one of the fastest growing publicly traded companies in America. Wenner, who lives in Portland, Oregon, has added vegetarian meatballs, wings, cutlets and riblets to Gardenburger's product line and wrote a vegetarian cookbook called 'Garden Cuisine.'"
"Inventor of the Week: Gardenburger," web.mit.edu, Nov. 2004
"Paul Wenner is now running a vegetarian restaurant in Hawaii. He wrote a book Garden Cuisine, part autobiography, part how to start a business, part how to achieve a healthy body, part how to prevent cruelty to animals, and part how to protect our environment."
Paul Zane Pilzer, MBA, "The Wellness Revolution Hall of Fame: Paul Wenner," The Wellness Revolution (book) website (accessed Dec. 8, 2011)
Photo source: www.daveskillerbread.com (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
Pythagoras of Samos
(Born circa 570 BC; Died circa 490 BC)
Falsely identified as vegetarian
Greek philosopher and mathematician; founder of the Pythagorean brotherhood
"Pythagoras… is usually presented to us as the father of Western philosophical vegetarianism and as an ethical vegetarian who derived his animal ethics from the kinship between humans and animals via the transmigration of souls. To kill an animal would potentially be tantamount to killing a human relative. Yet there are inadequate grounds for such a presentation, although there are persuasive hints of aspects of it. Not only are there marked discrepancies in the early sources – for example Apollonius said Pythagoras bit a snake to death, whereas others have presented him as treating all animals with respect – but, in fact, we also know almost nothing of the life, practices, and doctrines of Pythagoras, and this despite the tremendous amount of scholarly speculation about these matters…
…Aristoxenus (fourth century BC) reports that Pythagoras ate suckling pig and tender young kids but abstained from ox and sheep… The Byzantine patriarch Photius also claimed that Pythagoras and his followers ate sacrificial flesh on occasion. Athenauus mocked the Pythagorean Epicharides for eating dog flesh. Plutarch said the Pythagoreans abstained from mullet but implied that they ate other flesh. Porphyry tells us, 'fish he ate rarely,' but then the cold-blooded fish may not have been recognized as animal in the same manner as other beings were animal. Nonetheless, Plutarch tells us Pythagoras did not eat fish because he thought of them as akin to humans… Thus, with such a host of inconsistencies, we cannot be sure whether Pythagoras declined all flesh and, if he did, whether on the grounds of purity of soul alone or whether the supposed doctrine contained at least the elements of a respect for animals in and for themselves."
Rod Preece, PhD, Sins of the Flesh: a History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, 2008
"The word [vegetarian]… did not come into popular use until the first 'Vegetarian society' was formed in 1847 [The Vegetarian Society in Kent, England]. Until that point, it was always 'the natural diet,' 'the vegetable regimen,' or 'the Pythagorean diet.'"
William Stroup, PhD, "Meat, Ethics, and the Case of John Wesley," in Orthodoxy and Heresy in Eighteenth Century Society: Essays from the DeBartolo Conference, Eds. Regina Hewitt and Pat Rogers, 2002
Image source: www.dartmouth.edu (accessed Jan. 10, 2012)
People who view this page may also like:
1. Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing?
2. US and International Meat Consumption Chart
3. US Obesity Levels, 1990-2014
Vegetarianism – Home
Pro & Con Quotes
History of Vegetarianism
Famous Vegetarians & Vegans
USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025
International Meat Consumption and Slaughter
Who is the author? How to cite this page.
Source Biographies
Reprinting Policy
ProCon/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200
procon@eb.com
© 2020 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Vegetarianism – Menu
Vegetarianism – Pros & Cons
All Issues / Topics
Medical Marijuana – Should Marijuana Be a Medical Option?
Gun Control – Should More Gun Control Laws Be Enacted?
Animal Testing – Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing?
Death Penalty – Should the Death Penalty Be Allowed?
Recreational Marijuana – Should Recreational Marijuana Be Legal?
School Uniforms – Should Students Have to Wear School Uniforms?
Mandatory National Service – Should the United States Have Mandatory National Service?
Social Media – Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society?
Zoos – Should Zoos Exist?
Illegal Immigration – What Are the Solutions to Illegal Immigration in America?
Topics by Category
ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order):
APA (6th ed.):
ProCon.org. (2012, January 11). Vegetarian Scholars & Inventors. Retrieved from https://vegetarian.procon.org/background-resources/vegetarian-scholars-inventors/
[Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries.]
Chicago (17th ed.):
ProCon.org, "Vegetarian Scholars & Inventors," ProCon.org. last modified January 11, 2012. https://vegetarian.procon.org/background-resources/vegetarian-scholars-inventors/.
MLA (8th ed.):
ProCon.org, "Vegetarian Scholars & Inventors." ProCon.org. 11 Jan. 2012, vegetarian.procon.org/background-resources/vegetarian-scholars-inventors/
[Editor's Note: The MLA citation style requires double spacing within entries.]
Turabian (8th ed.):
ProCon.org. "Vegetarian Scholars & Inventors." ProCon.org. Last modified on January 11, 2012. Accessed January 12, 2022. https://vegetarian.procon.org/background-resources/vegetarian-scholars-inventors/


text:
Respect the minds of people by going to where the action is – a fundamental rule of change management
On July 23, 2018 July 24, 2018 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn #powerofsee, Advising, Complexity, Consciousness, Design Kata, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Maintenance, Management, Rapidinnovation, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
All through my professional life, I have been connected to improving something on the shop floor — be it a machine, process or a quality problem.
And I have seen that it is very difficult to improve anything on the shop floor by just passing down verbal instructions or by commanding someone to do something or by conducting a training program in a classroom or handing over a well-documented piece of paper complete with all instructions and a to-do list.
In most cases, people don't get the idea. As a result, workers on the shop floor soon lose interest in the improvement process and don't like engineers and managers who just pass down orders sitting at their desks. Respect for engineers and engineering is soon lost. And improvements don't take place. The company suffers as a result.
Respect for engineers and engineering comes from respecting the minds of workers and supervisors.
This is best done by engineers going down to the area of the shop floor where the improvement is to be made and then explain what they want the workers and supervisors to do and what exactly is to be done. It can be explained verbally by physically touching the parts or equipment where the improvements are to be made or through rough sketches quickly drawn on scraps of paper to instantly clarify the points.
This is an important point in making a change, which is often forgotten by engineers. I call this rule — 'Respect the minds of people by going to where the action is."
Attention — the Essential Energy to Achieve & Improve Anything.
On March 28, 2018 March 29, 2018 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Critical Thinking, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Industry 4.0, IOT, Maintenance, Management, Rapidinnovation, rcm, reliabilityLeave a comment
Information enters our consciousness either because we intend to focus attention on it or as a result of attentional habits based on biological or social instructions.
For example, driving down the extremely busy and often chaotic streets of Kolkata, we pass by hundreds of cars without actually being aware of them. Their shape, size and colours might register for a fraction of a second, and then they are immediately forgotten the next moment.
But our primary objective is to reach from one place to another without an accident or suffering a scratch. But how do we achieve that goal?
So while driving, we occasionally notice a particular vehicle, perhaps because it is moving unsteadily between lanes or because it is moving too slowly or because it looks strange in some way.
The image of the unusual vehicle enters our focus of consciousness and we become intensely aware of it unusual behaviour.
In our minds, such visual information about the car (the abnormal behaviour) gets related to information about other errant cars stored in our memory, which helps us determine into which category the present instance fits. Is this an inexperienced driver, a rash driver, a drunken driver, a momentarily distracted (talking on a mobile phone) but competent driver?
As soon as the event is matched to an already known class of events, it is identified. Now it has to be evaluated: Is this something to worry about? If the answer is yes, then we must immediately decide on an appropriate course of action: Should we speed up, overtake, slow down, change lanes, stop?
All these complex mental operations must be completed quickly and in real time. But it doesn't happen automatically. There seems to be a distinct process that makes such reactions possible. This process is called attention. It is attention that selects the relevant bits of information from a potential of thousands of bits available.
It takes attention to retrieve the appropriate references from memory, to evaluate the real-life event and then choose the right thing to do.
Despite its great powers, attention can't step beyond the limits as already described. It can't notice or hold in focus more information that can be processed simultaneously. Retrieving information from memory and bringing it into the focus of awareness, comparing information, evaluating, deciding — all make demands on the mind's limited processing capacity. For instance, the driver who notices an errant car will have to stop talking on his cell phone if he wants to avoid an accident, which is, in fact, his goal.
Some people learn to use this priceless resource very efficiently while others simply waste it. The mark of a person who is in control of his/her consciousness is the ability to focus attention at will, to stay away from distractions, to concentrate as long as it takes to achieve a goal and not longer. The person who can do this effortlessly usually enjoys the normal course of everyday life and can effectively meet the challenges of everyday life.
Improving reliability of industrial equipment needs such keen attentional energy which Reliability Centred Maintenance helps one to achieve. It, of course, depends on how well a Reliability Centred Maintenance System is designed, developed and implemented.
But what is essential is the development of memory bank, which can be only developed through comprehensively designed training and education system run over a long period of time.
Computerised Maintenance systems, Condition Based Maintenance technology, rigorously developed Maintenance Planning, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence can all help but without a broad-based deep memory bank of different types of failures, failure modes, interactions and mechanisms that create failures, methods to detect failures, interpretation and evaluation of relevant information and deciding the right course of action –improving reliability of industrial systems would remain as a desire only,
Attention is the key to achieving desired outcomes and improving any system. It can't be ignored.
By Dibyendu De
A Movement towards RCM
On December 29, 2017 December 29, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Industry 4.0, IOT, Maintenance, Management, reliabilityLeave a comment
29th December 2017, Kolkata
On 29th December 1978, F. Stanley Nowlan, Howard F. Heap, in their seminal work Reliability Centered Maintenance, revealed the fallacy of the two basic principles adopted by traditional PM (Preventive Maintenance) programs – a concept that started from World War II:
A strong correlation exists between equipment age and failure rate. Older the equipment higher must be the failure rate.
Individual component and equipment probability of failure can be determined statistically, and therefore components can be replaced or refurbished prior to failure.
However, the first person to reveal the fallacy was Waddington who conducted his research during World War II on British fighter planes. He found that failure rate of fighter planes always increased immediately upon time-based preventive maintenance, which for the fighter planes was scheduled after every 60 hours of operation or flying time.
By the 1980s, alternatives to traditional Preventive Maintenance (PM) programs began to migrate to the maintenance arena. While computer power first supported interval-based maintenance by specifying failure probabilities, continued advances in the 1990s began to change maintenance practices yet again. The development of affordable microprocessors and increased computer literacy in the workforce made it possible to improve upon interval-based maintenance techniques by distinguishing other equipment failure characteristics like a pattern of randomness exhibited by most failures. These included the precursors of failure, quantified equipment condition, and improved repair scheduling.
The emergence of new maintenance techniques called Condition Monitoring (CdM) or Condition-based Maintenance (CBM) supported the findings of Waddington, Nowlan and Heap.
Subsequently, industry emphasis on CBM increased, and the reliance upon PM decreased. However, CBM should not replace all time-based maintenance. Time-based or interval based maintenance is still appropriate for those failure cases, exhibiting a distinct time-based pattern (generally dominated by wear phenomena) where an abrasive, erosive, or corrosive wear takes place; or when material properties change due to fatigue, embrittlement, or similar processes. In short, PM (Time based or interval based maintenance) is still applicable when a clear correlation between age and functional reliability exists.
While many industrial organizations were expanding PM efforts to nearly all other assets, the airline industry, led by the efforts of Nowlan and Heap, took a different approach and developed a maintenance process based on system functions, the consequence of failure, and failure modes. Their work led to the development of Reliability-Centered Maintenance, first published on 29th December 1978 and sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Logistics). Additional independent studies confirmed their findings.
In 1982 the United States Navy expanded the scope of RCM beyond aircraft and addressed more down-to-earth equipment. These studies noted a difference existed between the perceived and intrinsic design life for the majority of equipment and components. For example, the intrinsic design life of anti-friction bearings is taken to be five years or two years. But as perceived in industries life of anti-friction bearings usually exhibit randomness over a large range. In most cases, bearings exhibit a life which either greatly exceeded the perceived or stated design life or fall short of the stated design life. Clearly in such cases, doing time directed interval-based preventive maintenance is neither effective (initiating unnecessarily forced outage) nor cost-effective.
The process of determining the difference between perceived and intrinsic design life is known as Age Exploration (AE). AE was used by the U.S. Submarine Force in the early 1970s to extend the time between periodic overhauls and to replace time-based tasks with condition-based tasks. The initial program was limited to Fleet Ballistic Missile submarines. The use of AE was expanded continually until it included all submarines, aircraft carriers, other major combatants, and ships of the Military Sealift Command. The Navy stated the requirements of RCM and Condition-based Monitoring as part of the design specifications.
Continual development of relatively affordable test equipment and computerized maintenance management software (CMMS like MIMIC developed by WM Engineering of the University of Manchester) during the1990s till date has made it possible to:
Determine the actual condition of equipment without relying on traditional techniques which base the probability of failure on age and appearance instead of the actual condition of an equipment or item.
Track and analyze equipment history as a means of determining failure patterns and life-cycle cost.
RCM has long been accepted by the aircraft industry, the spacecraft industry, the nuclear industry, and the Department of Defense (DoD), but is a relatively new way of approaching maintenance for the majority of facilities outside of these four areas. The benefits of an RCM approach far exceed those of any one type of maintenance program.
Fortunately, RCM was applied in India for a few Indian manufacturing Industries from 1990 onwards with relatively great success. I am particularly happy to have been involved in development and application of RCM in Indian industries, which has continually evolved in terms of techniques and method of application to meet contextual industrial needs.
I am also happy to report that RCM for industrial use has now reached a mature stage of its development, which can be replicated for any manufacturing industry.
I am of the opinion that this maturity would provide the necessary stepping stone to develop Industry 4.0 and develop meaningful IOT applications for manufacturing industries.
Wish RCM a very happy birthday!
Schematic to Understand and Resolve Vibration Problems.
On October 23, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Maintenance, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
The above is a simple but comprehensive schematic to understand and resolve vibration problems of industries.
Resolving vibration problems
Machine Testing
Fractional Gear Mesh Frequencies
On October 20, 2017 October 20, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
Recently I received an email which asked me give my option on a phenomenon the analyst observed.
Observing high vibs on pressing and lifting pinion Drive End (DE) and Non Driven End (NDE) bearing on a ball mill. Motor and main Gear Box drive are OK. Clear predominant gear mesh frequency is appearing in the spectrum along with harmonics and side bands. But 1st GMF (Gear Mesh Frequency) is predominant. side bands with pinion speed is also seen. no Girth Gear speed side band was observed
Some of the vibration data, spectrums and photos shown in the attachment. Phase measurements indicate inconsistency in the readings near pressing pinion bearing. Impacts were also seen in time waveform data along with modulation.pinion speed 122 rpm. On pressing side bearing 2.03 Hz side bands are seen, On lifting side i can see side bands spaced at 6.09 Hz (That is 3 times of pinion speed). Both Pinion lifting and pressing bearings are behaving differently. the vibs are high on DE as compared to NDE on both pinions. Can we suspect eccentric moment of the pinions with looseness. Why am i seeing 2.03 side bands on pressing and 6.09 side band on lifting side bearings. What is the significance of this. One sample of GG tooth photo shows uneven shining surface on either side (refer photo). In this case I am seeing (30 T = 1 X 2 X 3 X 5) and (210 = 1 X 2 X 3 X 5 X 7) 2 X 3 X 5 as the common factor. Pinion 30 teeth and GG has 210 teeth. Will this create gear ratio issues uneven locking and releasing of 2 mating teeths. But no 1/2 or 1/3 or 1/5 GMF seen in the data.
My reply was:
But after a quick look this is what I see as the problem: –
1. We are seeing 1/2, 1/3 and 1/5 of GMF — these appear due to common factors 2, 3, 5 as you wrote.
This means that the pinion is badly worn out and as the common factor teeth mesh they generate these fractional frequencies.
It also means that the GMF and the natural frequency are not separated by 2.5 times. [The natural frequency in the horizontal direction = 28.5 Hz; natural frequency = 30.9 Hz; Gear Mesh Frequency = 60.6 Hz]
Looking at the signatures it is clear that the GMF falls within 2.5 times the natural frequencies.
Also note how the GMF (60.6 Hz) falls right between two natural frequencies in both the vertical and horizontal directions. (31.1 Hz and 83 Hz). This makes the situation worse.
2. From the time waveform, we can see vibration relaxation waves. It means that the wear out or damage is towards the addendum region of the pinion/gear
3. This means that the spray nozzles are wrongly placed or jammed. The nozzles must be placed after the gear mesh not at or before the gear mesh. Also ask the client to check for jamming of the nozzles and the present viscosity of the grease/oil and the quantity that is fed per hour.
4. We can also suspect eccentricity of the pinion and looseness.
5. There is a strong resonance. This appears to have generated from the top cover.
Deeper Lessons:
It is important to question as to what else we can do other than detect a problem or detect an incipient fault?
With the above analysis and information we can easily see the relationship between fractional GMF and lubrication and wear. It means we can build an algorithm that would warn us about an imperfect lubrication system that would in fact accelerate wear and put the system out of service.
Further, we can refine the specification of a purchase a gear box. The specification should state — a) number of pinion teeth should be a prime number to prevent accelerated wear b) if a prime number can't be achieved then the natural frequency in the three directions must be away from the GMF by at least 2.5 times the GMF.
Similarly, we can specify the gear box top cover natural frequency should be at least 4 times the GMF.
Scheduled running checks may include — a) rate of lubricant flow b) motor current c) placement of lubricant nozzles etc.
Details of the case: (relevant data)
VIBRATION STUDIES OF CEMENT MILL
Steps for vibration measurements
Impact test was carried out at selected locations on the torsion bar to know its natural frequency
Normal vibration signatures were recorded with motor speed being 994 rpm and pinion speed 122 rpm
Vibration data was recorded on selected bearing locations of motor, gearbox and pinion bearings
Data was recorded along horizontal, vertical and axial direction with 90% load on the mill
Phase measurements were recorded to know the behavior of pinion DE with respect to pinion NDE of pressing and lifting side
Vibration signatures recorded on Pinion DE and NDE of both pressing and lifting side bearing shows predominant gear mesh frequency and its harmonics
Side bands were observed along with gear mesh frequency and its harmonics
Gear mesh frequency 60.9 Hz is appearing predominantly in all HVA direction
Time waveform recorded on pinion DE and NDE bearings clearly shows modulation which occurs due to above phenomena
Impacting of the gear teeth was also observed. Refer time plots provided in this report in subsequent pages
Only Side bands of pinion speed (2.03 Hz or 122 rpm) are seen, no side bands of Girth gear was seen in the data
The phase measurements recorded on pressing pinion DE and NDE along axial and horizontal direction shows the phase is not consistent with time suspecting looseness due to uneven movement of pinion
Vertical vibrations recorded on pinion DE bearing lifting side shows the vibrations are low (5 mm/sec) on one end while its high (11 mm/sec) on the other end even though it's a common top cover of that bearing
For any normal 2 mating gears the selection of no. of teeth on each gear should be such that when factorizing is done no common factor should be found apart from 1
In this case pinion has 30 teeth and Girth gear has 210 teeth o Then as per calculations
Pinion 30=1x2x3x5,GG 210=1x2x3x5x7
So common factors are 2x3x5
Would Lubrication Cause a Sudden Failure?
On October 18, 2017 October 18, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Critical Thinking, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Maintenance, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
This case is about a sudden failure of cooling tower fan motor of a copper mine.
The motor failed almost immediately after Planned maintenance, which was just about lubricating the motor bearings.
Electrical department conducted a scheduled PM task on this piece of equipment on 25.05.17. After 3 hrs of running; motor Non Driven End (NDE) bearing was damaged.
When the motor was opened it was observed:
1. One of the poles was severely damaged.
2. Bearing cage was also found damaged and all roller elements were crushed.
Why did this happen?
1. Sudden application of load or abrupt change in load. It happened when the machine was started after PM — i.e. starting the machine from rest under loaded condition.
2. This caused hunting of the motor in which a rotor starts seeking equilibrium position. Such an equilibrium is reached when the load torque is equal to the electromagnetic torque. This equilibrium position gets disturbed if a sudden change occurs in the load torque, which has been the case when the motor was started the after the motor was stopped to lubricate its bearings.
3. In this situation, the rotor slips too much, i.e. — the rotor moves around trying to find its steady state equilibrium state and in this process the rotor and stator touched and shorted — damaging one of the poles.
4. Point 1 to Point 3 describes the root cause of the case. A broad at the base 1N (1 times running speed) peak was observed. This indicates presence of rubbing and resonance.
5. Resonant frequency excited the resonant frequency of the NDE bearing which caused complete collapse (crushing) of the motor NDE bearing.
6. Another point which is important to consider is the time taken for a freshly lubricated bearing to stabilise. After lubrication, an anti-friction bearing generally runs hot (temperature greater than 75 degrees C but lesser than 95 degrees C) for a few hours (5 to 6 hours at times) to stabilise to a normal operating condition; with a temperature around 65 degrees C. This phenomenon can abruptly and adversely affect vibration levels of the bearing.
1. The vibration signature did not indicate lubrication starvation of the bearing.
Hence the question is — why stop a machine for re-lubrication when the activity isn't needed at all?
2. In the future, if the system is stopped, then during start up it has to be ensured that the load is zero or near zero or it has to start at no-load condition.
If that isn't possible, the system has to be started at low rpm and then the rpm can be gradually increased, all the while maintaining a steady state. It might take up to 6 hours for the system to stabilise after a bearing is lubricated.
Corolisis Effect & Negative Damping – a Report
On October 17, 2017 November 5, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Complexity, Creativity, Critical Thinking, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Maintenance, Rapidinnovation, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
Report on Thaisen Fan (Scrubber)
Brief description of the phenomenon:
After cleaning of the fan blades, vibration of the fan gradually increases during operation and in a span of 10 to 14 days vibration level reaches an unacceptable level, which necessitates the next cleaning cycle. However, for so long, this matched the scheduled production window provided by operation. However, after the recent changing of the rotor and the bearings, the fan now reaches unacceptable level of vibration within a short span of time that does not coincide with the scheduled "production window" of the operation, which causes "unplanned downtime."
Goal of the investigation: To correct the imperfection in the system so that the fan cleaning cycle coincides with.the scheduled production window.
Result of the investigation:
1. The problem of rising vibration within a short period of time is an inherent problem (a birth defect) of the fan. The main reason is the Coriolis effect on the fan. Coriolis force is a force exerted by a moving fluid on the disc or impeller rotating in the fluid. If the rotation is CCW (counter clockwise) then the fluid moves to the right of the impeller and away from the centre. Similarly, when the impeller moves in the CW (clockwise direction) the fluid moves towards the left of the impeller and away from the centre.
In this case, with the fan moving in the CCW direction the Coriolis force moves toward the right of the impeller in the same direction as the damping force. This effect (the fan moves in the CCW direction) produces negative damping (since the two forces are in the same line of action).
Negative damping is a phenomenon, when damping force, which usually opposes the driving force, acts in the same direction as the driving force. In such a case the vibration of the system is amplified.
Combination of negative damping and Coriolis effect produces this phenomenon of gradually rising vibration of the fan in a short period of time, which goes away upon regular cleaning. In the present context nothing can be done to eliminate the phenomena of Coriolis Effect and Negative damping. However, if a similar system is to be installed in the future, we would be pleased to provide necessary suggestions and recommendations so that such phenomena are eliminated right from the start.
2. Present signatures indicate misalignment and dynamic imbalance
3. Weak foundations
Actions to be taken to increase the cleaning cycle to match scheduled "production window."
Countermeasures
1. Take care to align the rotor properly. Care to be taken while putting shims.
2. Dynamically balance the fan in two planes to eliminate the imbalance
3. Cleaning cycle can be initiated when vibration of the fan on the bearings reaches 7 mm/sec (rms). It is safe to run the fan upto this point.
4. Monitor the condition of the foundation by taking vibration measurements in displacement and acceleration modes. Displacement should be taken in the horizontal direction on the topmost accessible point of the columns and at the base. Acceleration should be taken in both vertical and horizontal directions. Displacement should not cross 50 microns in the horizontal direction or at the base of the columns. Similarly acceleration both in the vertical and horizontal directions must not cross 1.5 g. This would ensure safety of the equipment. In case it crosses corrective actions are to be taken to rectify the foundation.
After alignment and dynamic balancing in two planes vibrations came down to below 1 mm/sec and maintained its reliability till the next cleaning cycle (10 to 14 days) which matched the scheduled production window of operation — thus avoiding unplanned downtime.
Speed Dependent Vibration
Speed dependent vibration is associated with forced mechanical vibration.
Application: rolls where the strips processed through the rolls exhibit roll chatter that leaves permanent imprint on the strip in the form of chatter (equally spaced markings of about 20 to 45 mm width) pattern. It is generally considered to be a defective product and often can't be sold in the market.
The way to check the cause of such chatter patterns or marks is to take the vibration in displacement mode. When displacement increases by approximately 0.6 microns at the highest rolling speed it significantly points to surface roughness of the strip and so creates the pattern of chatter marking on the product (e.g. aluminium sheets). It indicates a loss of stiffness or the presence of variable stiffness, which may be coming from coupling, defective gears or from loose or defective anti-friction bearings.
Usually we may observe sidebands on either side of the forced vibration peak. The spacing of the sidebands is an exact multiple of the rotational frequency of the work roll. This is commonly seen for inner race defects where the inner race is rotating freely on the roll. The defect rotates through a variable load zone and produces a modulated time waveform. This is seen as a peak with sidebands in the vibration spectrum. Also pronounced on chocking and de-chocking.
Reconditioning of the bearing races or replacement of bearings
Improve the chocking operation.
This eliminates the strip chatter or markings.
Course Structure for Vibration Level 3 Analyst
On October 12, 2017 October 12, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Education, Engineering, Maintenance, vibration analysisLeave a comment
Vibration Principles: (1 hour)
Basic Motion
Period, Frequency
Amplitude (Peak, Peak-to-Peak, RMS)
Measurements (Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration)
Units, Unit Conversions
Time Orbital and Frequency Domains
Vectors, Modulation
Natural Frequency, Resonance, Critical Speeds
Force, Response, Damping, Stiffness
Instabilities, Non-linear Systems
Mode Shapes
Data Acquisition: (1 hour)
Instrumentation (and acquire readings)
Sensor Mounting, Mounted Natural Frequency
Fmax Acquisition Time
Proximity Sensor Conventions
Triggering
Test Planning
Recognition of Poor Data
Vibration System Calibration
Signal Processing: (5 hours)
RMS/Peak Detection
Analogue/Digital Conversion
Analogue and Digital; Sampling
FFT Computation
Windows (Uniform, Hanning, Flat-top)
Filters (Low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Tracking)
Band-width, Resolution
Averaging (Linear, Synchronous Time, Exponential)
Spectral Maps
Run-out Compensation
Condition Monitoring: (2 hours)
Computer Database Set-up and Maintenance
Equipment Evaluation and Prioritization
CM Program Design
Alarm Set-up (Narrowband and Envelope)
Baseline Assessments, Trending
Route/Task Planning
Alternate Technologies (e.g. Oil Analysis, Wear Debris Analysis, Infrared Thermography, Motor Current Analysis, Acoustic Emission)
Alarm and Trip Level Determination
Procedure Writing (and methods of working)
CM Program Implementation and Management
Integrated Health Analysis
Prognostics
Fault Analysis: (6 hours)
Basic Spectrum Analysis
Spectral Harmonics and Sidebands
Time Waveform Analysis
Phase Analysis
Transient Analysis
Orbital Analysis
Shaft Centre-line Analysis
Enveloping
Mass Unbalance
Misalignment
Concentricity Errors
Mechanical Looseness
Shaft Bow
Bearing (Rolling Element, Journal) Defects
Electric Motor Defects
Flow Induced Vibration, Aerodynamics and Liquids
Gearbox Defects
Resonance and Critical Speeds
Corrective Action Recognition: (4 hours)
Machine Part Replacement
Isolation and Damping
Resonance Control
Basic Maintenance Action
Acceptance Testing: (1 hour)
Specifications and Relevant Standards
Acceptance Test Reporting
Equipment Testing and Diagnostics: (2 hours)
Forced Response Testing (e.g. Coherence, Transfer Function)
Transient Testing
Damping Evaluation
Operating Deflection Shapes
Torsional Vibration
Axial Vibration and Thrust
Reference Standards: (1 hour)
Relevant International (ISO, IEC), National and Regional Standards
Reporting and Documentation: (1 hour)
Machine History Records
Vibration Diagnostic Reports
Vibration Prognostic Reports
Failure Investigation Report
Decision Making and Recommend Action
Fault Severity Determination: (2 hours)
Levels (Overall, Narrowband, Component)
Time Waveform and Orbit Analysis
Severity Charts, Graphs, Formulae
Theoretical Rotor and Bearing Dynamics: (2 hours)
Rotor Characteristics
Bearing Characteristics
Rotor Dynamic Computation (using approved procedures)
Rotor Dynamic Fault Modeling
Field Balancing: (2 hours)
Single-plane
Two-plane
Multi-plane
Bent Shaft
On October 12, 2017 October 18, 2017 By Author of #PowerofSeeIn Critical Thinking, Dibyendu De, Education, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Maintenance, rcm, reliability, vibration analysisLeave a comment
General Symptoms:
High overall vibration in the axial direction in displacement and velocity parameters
Generally we would get 1N in the axial direction if the bend in at the centre of the shaft
We may also get 2N in the axial direction if the bend in near to the coupling.
Vertical and Horizontal axis measurements will also often reveal peaks at 1N and 2N but the key to catch a bent shaft is to pay attention to what we get in the axial direction.
Reasons of bending:
Excessive heat. E.g. in motors that are overheated for various reasons, like for example, loose connections of the terminals. Also refer to the problem of Rotor Bow .. here.
Physically bent or run out
Sag of a long shaft — also called catenary. For example — turbine shaft.
Half critical speed — a phenomenon seen in horizontal machines operating close to the earth's resonant frequency
Phase measurement is an effective test to confirm presence of bent shaft. Phase at 1N measured in the axial direction at opposite ends of the components will be 180 degrees out of phase.
However, if the phase measurements are taken around the shaft we would find that they are all in phase since the shaft will appear to be moving back and forth in the axial direction.
Spectrum:
In addition to the prominent presence of 1N and 2N in the axial direction we would also find higher than normal 1N and 2N peaks in the radial directions.
Time waveform:
In this case time waveform would not prove to be a good indicator for bent shaft. However, a sinusoidal waveform is expected in the axial direction if the vibration is predominately 1N. In the case of a predominate presence of 2N there would be a "wobble" depicting the classic "M" or "W" pattern depending on the phase angle, if the bend is closer to the coupling.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Georgia Tech Dominating Ticket Sales: Fact or Myth?
This is the first in a series of stories separating common myths that social media has run with from the facts that often contradict those widely-held beliefs.
In the midst of news from the SEC Media Days last week, stories emerged about the ticket sales for the Chick-Fil-A Kickoff Game that implied that Tennessee is having a great difficulty selling tickets to the Vols' season opener in Atlanta. Not only is UT supposedly having trouble selling tickets, but the articles would have you believe that the game is the hottest ticket in town for Yellow Jacket fans.
First, the facts. Indeed, Georgia Tech has sold 30,000 tickets to an event where each team was responsible for selling a minimum of 25,000 and a maximum of 30,000. Georgia Tech has indicated to CFA Kickoff officials that they can sell additional tickets.
How many tickets Tennessee has actually sold of the of that 25,000 is actually a mystery at the moment, but more on that later.
First, let's look at how Georgia Tech achieved the sellout that is being used to imply by media and the fans on both sides that there is somehow more excitement about a Georgia Tech team that won three games two seasons ago, but rebounded to 9-4 last season than a Tennessee team coming off back to back nine-win seasons.
Say you are a college football program with a 55,000 seat stadium of which there are roughly 30,000 season-ticket holders. That's actually a conservatively high number considering they have to leave somewhere between to 3,000-5,000 tickets for visitors, and at least 8,000 student tickets for a school with an enrollment that exceeds 26,000.
By the way, I would like to give you exactly how many season tickets Georgia Tech sold last year, but the Yellow Jackets are so irrelevant in the Atlanta media market that the last time I could find a story written on their season ticket sales, it was 2008. Contrast that Tennessee, for whom a cursory Google search will give you nine stories just on Tennessee's ticket sales from last season, including two from this very website.
But, again, say you were that school that has about 30,000 season-ticket holders and you magically have to sell exactly that many tickets to a football game in your own hometown that doesn't take place in your stadium. What do you do?
You make that neutral site game a required part of your season-ticket package. Boom, you filled out your allotment and can spend your time during your opponent's media day talking about how easy it was for you to sell out.
That also avoids the embarrassment of not selling out your allotment for a game that occurs a mile and a half from your campus.
Now, if you are Tennessee, you can't do that. If you force all 60,000 season-ticket holders to purchase a ticket to that game, well, you have 30,000 people that didn't have actual tickets for the game. So, Tennessee did what they do for every other neutral site or bowl game and offer them to donors and season-ticket holders, based on their rank in the Tennessee Fund donor system.
That has already happened. Vol fans have been able to request tickets to the game since season ticket renewal went out back in March. How many tickets has Tennessee sold in that process? We don't know.
Here's what we do know. If there are any unsold tickets in Tennessee allotment following that process, they will go on sale to the public. That hasn't happened yet. My understanding from talking people close the process is that may happen soon, but the fact it hasn't happened by this point tells me Tennessee does not have very many to sell and is attempting to offload the remaining tickets to people already in the donor pool.
If Tennessee had thousands of tickets left to sell, they would already be available to the public. I have been a part of those meetings in the past. When UT has a large amount of tickets to sell to an event, the staff gets out ahead of the issue and puts on a huge promotional blitz as early as possible. That hasn't happened.
So what will the crowd look like in Atlanta when the ball is kicked for Tennessee's 2017 season? The numbers that have been put out would have you believe the Big Orange crowd would be a heavy underdog in Mercedes-Benz Stadium.
Those numbers require you to believe two things. First, it's that Tennessee won't sell out of its allotment and no Vols fans have been among those that bought tickets directly from the game. Second, it assumes that every Georgia Tech fan that was forced to buy the ticket as part of their season ticket package will elect to attend a game at 8 P.M. on a Monday night. The high prices and high demand for tickets in the Georgia Tech section on secondary market tells me that Tennessee fans are buying up any of those that go up for sale.
So if Tennessee does sell out its allotment without tickets ever going on sale and Vol fans continue to drive up the price on ticket resale sites, then Athletics Director John Currie's prediction that Orange will dominate Mercedes Benz Stadium will be fact, not myth.
This blog is brought to you by GolfTec. Right now, GolfTec swing evaluations and club fittings are both on sale for just $95. Get started on the proven path to proven results. They're located in the Gallery Shopping Center two blocks east of West Town Mall. Give GolfTec a call at 566-0505.
Filed Under: Brian Rice, Top Stories, Vols News
Sports Radio WNML Poll Question
Which drafted Vol will have the most success in the NBA?


Unless you're currently living under a rock, then you know the Northeast got hit with one hell of a blizzard last weekend. And when I say one hell of a blizzard, I mean one hell of a blizzard. In the boonies of Connecticut where I live, winter storm Nemo dumped a good three feet of the white stuff.
You could barely see our mailbox. The guy across the street's truck got stuck in the driveway and was practically buried. And it took hours for the snow plow to arrive, which had me all freaked out about what people would do in the event of an emergency, in particular, pregnant women who had due dates on or around February 9.
I kept thinking about these poor women going into labor, and then looking out the window and realizing they were literally snowbound -- and would be forced to give birth to their babies in a blizzard.
As I suspected, there were a few expectant moms who were faced with this exact scenario. Here are five tales of babies who were born in the blizzard. Their parents will have quite the story to tell as they grow up!
Mom calls 911 and EMTs can't reach her -- When Ericka Bueno went into labor, she did what any mom-to-be would do in a blizzard -- she called 911. But it became apparent that there was no way EMTs could make it up her hill, so get this one -- the National Guard was called in to plow the road. The EMTs finally got to Ericka, and she gave birth to a baby girl right there in her home.
Baby born in hospital parking lot -- Wow. Talk about almost making it! Donna Ambrosia of Colchester, Connecticut, went into labor during the peak of the blizzard. A plow helped an ambulance reach their house, and it took her to Route 2 -- but then she and her husband were told the plow couldn't go any farther. The ambulance continued on and finally reached the hospital 45 minutes later -- but Donna had progressed too far to actually be brought inside. The ER doctor delivered her baby girl right there in the back of the ambulance in the hospital parking lot. The child's name is Lizzie, but they plan on calling her "Blizzie" as a nickname.
Firefighters deliver baby in blizzard -- In Kingston, Massachusetts, a scared mom endured active labor in her home while waiting for paramedics to arrive. It took the ambulance 30 minutes to make the two-mile drive from her home to a fire station, and they got there just in the nick of time. Her baby girl was delivered by three firefighters.
Baby girl born 28 minutes before travel ban issued -- Baby Abigail Howard of Amesbury, Massachusetts, may have been born in her parents' car if they hadn't made it to the hospital on time. They arrived at Tufts Medical Center just as the storm was beginning, and little Abigail arrived just before the travel ban went into effect. Because of it, she didn't even get to meet her big sister or grandparents for two days!
Mom goes for checkup and hospital won't let her leave -- Elise Samatis went to the hospital in Newburyport, Massachusetts, for a regular checkup, and was shocked when she was checked into the hospital instead. Doctors were concerned about her going into labor in the blizzard, so they figured it was best to keep her there just in case. Baby Phoebe wasn't born until after Nemo, but I'm sure Elise was still relieved.
What would you do if a major storm was going to hit on your due date?


OK this one is throwing me for a loop. Land Rover, the SUV company, apparently wants to trademark a new brand name: "Road Rover." If your reaction is "what," that is also my reaction.
If I am not mistaken, "roads" tend to go on the "land." And as such, Land Rover should generally cover all things on the land, including, uh, "roads." And even if there was a distinction, there's already "Rover," a not-so-storied brand name already owned by Land Rover's parent company, Tata Motors.
So if there was a car made by LAND Rover that only went on the ROADS, it would be fine, it would seem, to just call it a REGULAR Rover. Or, you know, a Rover.
Correct me if I'm wrong, and who knows, maybe I am! But I seem to remember Land Rover already making a rival to the S-Class, known as the Jaguar XJ. And if it were to be an S-Class rival in terms of luxury and interior craftsmanship, but also with some all-terrain capability, it would be a Range Rover.
But maybe I'm just not on the Galaxy Brain level of people who name cars these days.
Anyway, Autocar goes on to note that "Road Rover" is actually a name historic to Land Rover, and that it was the name of a 1960s two-door SUV concept that later morphed into the original Range Rover, and there was recently a small batch two-door Range Rovers sent into production, so there is vaguely some precedent here.
Precedent aside, I will still be a stubborn ox and proclaim "Road Rover" to be a strange name for a car.
I will inevitably be proven wrong when you lot buy a billion of the things.


On March 24th Borderlands fan can scream their minion socks off, since that is the day they can enter the mind of Claptrap.
In the fourth DLC pack for Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel, players embark on a Claptastic Voyage, exploring the warped mind of everyone's favourite robot.
The DLC is available for season pass holders of The Pre-Sequel, whereas it can also be bought separately for a price yet to be determined. Those who buy The Handsome Collection on PS4, Xbox One or PC on March 27th, will have the DLC already included. Good times!


Manuel Pellegrini has been speaking to the press at Rush Green in his pre match press conference ahead of Sunday's trip to Everton.
In Pelle I trust. I still will even if we end up with no points after 8 games. As long as he keeps experimenting and the performances yield improvements (either in learning what work or doesn't work) then it's fine with me. We will not be relegated, and it'll be fun catching everyone up and passing them, much like Palace did last year. Absolutely no panic.
Not panicking yet however i would like to see improvement each time we play and the Wolves match was like a step back after Arsenal.Far too reliant on Arnie to create and score again.Someone amongst Anderson,Yarmolenko has to step up.May be time to give Xande Silva or Holland a run out.


text:
A combination stair is an architectural element found in traditional houses in North America where two sets of stairs merge into one at a landing.

Background

Large, traditional houses were frequently designed with two stairs:  a formal front stairway for use by the family and guests and a utilitarian back stair for use by household staff.  The combination stair is a T-shaped compromise design popular in the nineteenth century that was found in some moderate-sized houses.  In this design, both the formal front stair and the utilitarian back stair ran to a common intermediate landing.  One common stair then extended from this intermediate landing to the second floor of the house.

Current usage
The combination stair became less common in the 20th century.  As houses became less formal and household staff became less common, the need for both front and back stairs declined.  Many houses were designed with a single stair for common use.  However, since the 1980s, house sizes have increased significantly and designs have become more elaborate and more complex.  Multiple stairs are becoming more common once again.  Combination stairs are occasionally seen in new house designs.

References

Stairs
Stairways
Architectural elements

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Aug;157(8):821-7.
Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
Cook S1, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH.
In adults the metabolic syndrome imposes a substantial risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and premature coronary heart disease. Even so, no national estimate is currently available of the prevalence of this syndrome in adolescents.
To estimate the prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among adolescents in the United States.
Analyses of cross-sectional data obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), which was administered to a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States.
Male and female respondents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 2430).
The prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among US adolescents, using the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) definition modified for age.
The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among adolescents aged 12 to 19 years was 4.2%; 6.1% of males and 2.1% of females were affected (P=.01). The syndrome was present in 28.7% of overweight adolescents (body mass index [BMI], >/=95th percentile) compared with 6.8% of at-risk adolescents (BMI, 85th to <95th percentile) and 0.1% of those with a BMI below the 85th percentile (P<.001). Based on population-weighted estimates, approximately 910 000 US adolescents have the metabolic syndrome.
Perhaps 4% of adolescents and nearly 30% of overweight adolescents in the United States meet these criteria for a metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic derangements associated with obesity. These findings may have significant implications for both public health and clinical interventions directed at this high-risk group of mostly overweight young people.


Garment screen printing is a process that allows newcomers to start small, sometimes with home-made equipment in a garage, and operate under a limited budget when setting up shop for the first time. As these nascent businesses mature and seek faster, more flexible equipment, it's important that they be able to select an automatic press that not only delivers quality and valuable functions, but also is affordable. After all, not every operation can handle a massive investment in an automatic garment-printing press, particularly when the company is making its initial moves into dramatically increasing its output.
A.W.T. World Trade, Inc. designed its Econo-Tex Automatic multicolor garment press to accommodate the screen printers who need productivity at a competitive price. The company bills its new Econo-Tex as an entry-level machine with high-end features, some of which are only available as options on other automatic systems. And A.W.T. notes that Econo-Tex features heavy-duty, vibration-free construction for a long, reliable work life.
Econo-Tex is available in servo- and pneumatic-drive models. Each version comes in 12 different configurations, from a 10-station/six-color press with either a 16 x 18-in. (406 x 457-mm) or 18 x 22-in. (457 x 556-mm) print area to a 12-station/10-color press, also with either a 16 x 18-in. or 18 x 22-in. print area. The presses support a maximum frame size (outer dimensions) of 24 x 35 in. (610 x 889 mm) for the 16 x 18-in. print area and 25 x 36 in. (635 x 914 mm) for the 18 x 22-in. print area. A.W.T. says the Econo-Tex can print more than 75 dozen pieces/hr.
All Econo-Tex presses come standard with a full set of squeegees, floodbars, and aluminum platens treated with heat-resistant rubber, as well as PLC-driven controls, foot-pedal controls, touchscreen programming, control-screen-based diagnostics and troubleshooting, microregistration, indexer, central off-contact, and job-countdown function on the digital control panel. The presses also support sample and single prints, and they offer a misfeed non-print feature for single and double index, automatic printhead return to park position, four-point off-contact, freewheeling indexer, tool-free changeover to minimize downtime between jobs, controls for squeegee/floodbar pressure and angle, air-pressure controls for squeegee and floodbar, adjustable side frame holders, and more. Users can program up to nine print strokes and double index and actuate the press by way of an automatic-start foot pedal. Among the safety features built in to protect operators are cable lockout, safety loops, an instant-stop system, and emergency-stop buttons located on the control panel and printheads.
The Econo-Tex offers remote hardware and software diagnostics by phone or Internet (via built-in modem or Internet-ready connection with machine purchase) for worldwide instant service. Options and accessories include Slide-Flash infrared flash-cure units, Q-Flash quartz flash-cure units, misfeed non-print feature via foot-pedal control, motor-driven printheads, servo drives, pneumatic frame clamps, additional two-piece squeegee holder, additional all-aluminum floodbars, one-piece winged floodbars, a variety of platens (T-shirts, pants, pockets, sleeves, etc.), extra printheads, compressors, A.W.T. registration device, spare-parts package, and 50-Hz operation for worldwide use. A.W.T. can also bundle the Econo-Tex press with other pieces of equipment and supplies for what it describes as a complete textile package. Examples include manual presses, small-format presses, electric and gas dryers, screen-cleaning systems, exposure units, ink mixers, frames and screens, squeegees, and frame adhesive.
The pneumatic Econo-Tex press requires a 7-HP compressor, 100 psi pressure, 18 CFM, 10 amps. The servo press requires a 5-HP compressor, 100 psi pressure, 7 CFM, 10 amps. Electrical requirements are 120 V, single phase, 60 Hz for the pneumatic press and 230 V, three phase, 60 Hz for the servo press. For more information, contact A.W.T. World Trade, Inc., 4321 N. Knox Ave., Chicago, IL 60641, 773-777-7100, fax: 773-777-0909, e-mail: sales@awt-gpi.com, Web: www.awt-gpi.com.


text:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kwc_basic_table_data_trl` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `data` text NOT NULL,
  `visible` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In most situations, using your insurance coverage is in your best interest because it ensures you are receiving the maximum benefits that you are entitled to, and utilizes what you are paying for with your premiums. But, in some cases, you may choose to pay directly for the care you want, and forgo your insurer's assistance and insurance policy.
We have highlighted a couple of instances where you might choose to forfeit any insurance intervention.
Stephanie's doctor prescribes a new brand-name allergy medication that her doctor believes will be more effective for her. Her insurer requires prior authorization, so her doctor submits the request to her insurance company. Her health plan denies the request because it is not on the formulary. Stephanie's doctor starts the appeals process, as her doctor is confident this medication has the ability to help her feel better. He explains that the appeals process could be lengthy and recommends she start the medication as soon as possible.
As well, lots of manufacturers offer free drug programs. If she is approved based on the criteria of the program, Stephanie may still have access to the medication, and actually at little or no cost to her.
• Stephanie will get the benefit of coupons and discounts.
• Stephanie was able to get the medication she wants immediately.
• If Stephanie spends any money on her medication prior to insurance approval, that money does not count towards meeting her deductible or out-of-pocket maximum associated with her plan.
• The mediation may be more expensive depending on initial retail cost.
Michael has a great relationship with his long-time orthopedist, but his doctor makes the decision to leave his insurance network. Michael's plan does have out-of-network benefits, but the plan only pays 50% of the covered rate. This leaves Michael responsible for paying his 50% portion of the allowed amount and the difference between the billed amount and these payments. His in-network benefits pay 80%. Michael can still continue to see his doctor with higher costs, or he does have the option to pay cash instead of utilizing his insurance benefits.
a self-pay discount, further reducing the health care charges to less than what he would have paid if he had utilized his insurance benefits.
• Michael may be eligible for a reduction of the doctor's retail cost through a self-pay discount.
• Any money Michael pays for his visits does not count toward meeting his plan's deductible or out-of-pocket maximum.
• Michael will need to pay close attention to services the doctor coordinates for him to ensure the providers are in his plan network.
• Michael may have to be more proactive to ensure his records are shared with his PCP or other doctors.


text:
Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board
By Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals
Release Date - Published: 2000-08-03
Book Genre: Law
Author: Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals
Our rating: 5/5 stars
Score: (From 0 Ratings)
➲ Book "Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board" ♫ Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board AudioBook
Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals read online review & book description:
Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America d/b/a Glenside Nursing Center ("Glenside") petitions this Court for review of a National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB" or the "Board") order. The Board found that Glenside (1) refused to bargain with District 1199J of the National Union of Hospital & Health Care Employees, AFSCME, AFL-CIO (the "Union") as the certified bargaining representative of its employees, and (2) refused to provide the Union with certain requested information in violation of Sections 8(a)(1) and (5) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1) and (5). The Board has cross-applied for enforcement of its order. After carefully reviewing the record, the briefs of both parties, and the applicable law, and having had the benefit of oral argument, we deny Glensides petition and enforce the Boards order in full.
@2019 – Go Read a Book. All Right Reserved. goreadabook.org is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for website owners, to earn advertising fees by linking and advertising to amazon.com and any other website that may be affiliated with Amazon Service LLC Associates Program; As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board book review Health Care and Retirement Corporation of America v. National Labor Relations Board ePUB; Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals; Law books.
Post a review about this book
Other books by Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals
United States V. M/G Transport Services Inc.
Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals
Kalamazoo River Study Group V. Rockwell International Corp.
Mclean V. 988011 Ontario
Hayes V. Secretary Of Health And Human Services
Continental Casualty Co. V. Great American Insurance Co.
United States V. West
Texler V. County Of Summit Board Of Mental Retardation And Developmental Disabilities
United States V. Parker
United States V. Berry
Graves V. Shalala
United States V. Merryman
Djelaj V. Immigration & Naturalization Service
United States V. Pope
Stone V. Holzberger
Mcgee V. Genesco Inc.
Alexander V. Electronic Data Systems Corp.
United States V. Barber
Boyle V. Million
Claybrook V. Birchwell
United States V. Vandeberg
Long V. Bando Manufacturing Of America
Barnes V. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp.
United States V. Bahhur
United States V. Choice
Morris V. Oldham County Fiscal Court
Rose V. Hartford Underwriters Insurance Company
United States V. Hall
White V. Schotten
Lansing V. City Of Memphis
Sowards V. Loudon County
Cooper V. Parrish
Burnett V. Tyco Corp.
Herron V. Harrison
Koenig Sporting Goods
United States V. Waldon
Lucas V. Monroe County
United States V. Buchanan
Combs V. Coyle
St. Francis Health Care Centre V. Shalala
Elzy V. United States
United States V. Any And All Radio Station Transmission Equipment
Scott V. Clay County
Gardenhire V. Schubert
Mcmahan & Company V. Po Folks
Covington V. Knox County School System
United States V. Hunt
King V. Ford Motor Co.
Martin V. Barnesville Exempted Village School District Board Of Education
Wyandot
Copyright © 2020 Go Read a Book.
HomePrivacy PolicyDMCA PolicyContact us


Business listings of Surface Grinding Machine manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Delhi, सरफेस ग्राइंडिंग मशीन विक्रेता, दिल्ली, Delhi along with their contact details & address. Find here Surface Grinding Machine suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Surface Grinding Machine prices for buying.
grinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncr. Grinding Machine - Manufacturer in Delhi-NCR - asklaila. To have manufacturing companies in Delhi-NCR contact you, just send us this form. Get Price Online . This entry was posted in mining. Bookmark the permalink.
grinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncr . tool grinding machine manufacturer in gurgaon "PMT Machines Pvt Ltd" About Company- tool grinding machine . Get Price And Support Online; Crusher Machine Manufacturer In Ncr - mykeralatour. crusher machine company in delhi ncr . Grinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncr Products.
grinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncrgrinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncr grinding wheel KFD has been serving the aggregate crushing amp; grinding industry for over 20 years grinding machines in delhi,grinder shops in new delhigrinder shops in new delhi grinder machine g q4 dealers in delhi vibrating .
m sand manufacturing machine tamil nadu Indiapulverizer machine manufacturers in Delhi NCR .. sand making machine 5hp manufacture in tamil nadu:sand making machine 5hp. Find here details of companies selling Sand Washing Machine in Coimbatore Tamil Nadu. samples of grinding machines .
Mini Industrial Grinders Ncr Delhi campel. roll grinders manufacturers in ncr. grinding machine manufacturers in delhi ncr millstonecf mini (national capital region) used cement grinding mill india; cement mill all industrial manufacturers find all the manufacturers of cement mill and contact them directly on directindustry. contact supplier.
list of grinding machines for sale in ncr. grinders, thread grinding machines listed for sale . . automatic knife grinding machine in delhi ncr get free price quotations, productsdiamond grinding tools. list of grind machine for sale in ncr grinding pressure in vertical roller mills grinding mill spare parts manufacturers china.
Grinding Machine : sugar grinding machine in Delhi-NCR - Ashwani Kumar And Company Private Limited Mayapuri Industrial Area Phase 1, Vikram Machine Tools Sector10, Lampa Components India New Arya Nagar, Khushbu Enterprises NIT,. Get address, phone, reviews at AskLaila.


Will be testing it out on a friend's Integra that needs paint... just to try.
His Integra needs paint and we are actually putting it back to stock to sell it. He wan't to do it so it's whatever lol.
im doing this to my wheels before i go 5 lug.


I've spent many, many years writing about what we mean by Protestant, unionist, loyalist, British, Ulster "identity".
I've also raised questions about why the pro-Union community (a huge and not always harmonious family) has always seemed to find it so difficult to present a coherent narrative about itself; a narrative that makes sense to, and attracts sympathy from, an audience outside Northern Ireland.
Connal Parr quotes the poet, Tom Paulin: (Unionism) "clings to a concept of nationality which no longer satisfies many of the British people whom the Ulster Unionists wish to identify with".
Paulin wrote that in 1985, although he could just as easily have been writing about Ulster unionism at any time since its origins in the mid-1880s.
'Inventing the Myth' is an important book. Indeed, I think it's one of the most important books to have been written about unionist 'identity' in Northern Ireland.
And one of the most intriguing aspects of the book is the clear – and I would also argue, disturbing and self-defeating – evidence that unionists are not comfortable discussing their own multi-layered identity.
The one thing the writers covered in this book – Thomas Carnduff, St John Ervine, John Hewitt, Sam Thompson, Stewart Parker, Ron Hutchinson, Graham Reid, Gary Mitchell, Marie Jones and Christina Reid – have in common is their ability to unsettle both mainstream unionism and loyalism. Their own roots were mostly working class and pro-trade unionism and what they were saying was that mainstream unionism was doing nothing for ordinary people when it came to tackling socio/economic problems.
Their writing, whether it be a book, play, poem or television script, tended to focus on a class who were being ignored for the most part by a unionist/loyalist elite which traded on fear of "themuns" and a version of unionism which portrayed socialism – even in its mildest form – as a danger.
the Mediterranean, later, with the wife.
might spill over the leafy suburbs.
But unionists don't want to hear this.
They don't want to be told that how unionism/loyalism manifested itself since 1921 could be part of the problem in understanding their own identity and narrative today.
Because to question themselves is interpreted by some – usually in leadership roles – as handing ammunition to the enemy.
But, although Parr doesn't really explore this area, the same leadership which condemns the 'anti-unionism' of unionist critics doesn't often offer a more appealing, thought-through narrative of its own.
It's a point noted by Ben Lowry in his piece in last Saturday's News Letter, when, to paraphrase his argument, he wondered why, when it came to film and television portrayals, republicans seem to have the best tunes?
The answer is simple: there seem to be few pro-Union writers prepared to make the case.
At the heart of this book is a basic, yet hugely important truth; namely, in the same way that unionism has many forms, so too, must its culture. And all of those forms are important.
Writers, artists, critics, poets, playwrights, film-makers are all an integral part of a community and it's important that their voices are heard.
Protestant/unionist/loyalist culture is more than just the Orange Order and Ulster-Scots, deep though their roots may be. Each new generation plants its own roots, tells it own story and offers its own interpretation of the broader community.
That's how a community survives: it adapts to new realities and circumstances.
Parr focuses on one element, writers. But many of those writers – particularly Hewitt, Thompson and Parker, in my lifetime – were prophetic.
They should have been heeded rather than dismissed as purveyors of "fiction".
The lessons to be learned from their experience apply equally to every other exploration of our culture.
"Culture" has never played such a key part in political debate here as it is at the moment.
Connal Parr is to be congratulated for this very important contribution to that debate. It deserves a wide audience: and the publishers really should consider a less expensive paperback edition.


text:
The fatal flaws in U.S. thinking about responses to Russian aggression against Ukraine–UPDATED January 14, 2022
TOPICS:Anthony BlinkenHelene CooperJoe BidenPutin and HitlerRussiaRussian threats against UkraineUkrainevladimir putin
Given the continued use of the terms insurgents and insurgency to describe future Ukrainian forces fighting against invading Russian troops, Congress should appropriate funds to purchase dictionaries for all military officers, and immediately for all military officers serving in foreign policy decision making or advisory roles.
Dictionary Definition:
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2022
in•sur•gen•cy (in sûr′jən sē), n., pl., -cies for 4.
Government the state or condition of being insurgent.
Government insurrection against an existing government, usually one's own, by a group not recognized as having the status of a belligerent.
Government rebellion within a group, as by members against leaders.
Government insurgence.
See, in addition to the articles cited below, the following:
Anthony Faiola,"How far would the United States go to back Ukraine?"Washington Post,
January 21, 2022 (12:01 a.m. EST).
Helene Cooper, "U.S. Considers Backing an Insurgency if Russia Invades Ukraine; Conversations about how far the United States would go to subvert Russia in the event of an invasion have revived the specter of a new Cold War, New York Times, January 14, 2022 (Updated 2:45 p.m. ET).
1) David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt, "U.S. Details Costs of a Russian Invasion of Ukraine; The Biden administration and its allies are developing new possible sanctions ahead of a series of meetings to defuse the crisis with Moscow," New York Times, January 8, 2022.
2) David Ignatius, "Biden wants to turn Ukraine into a porcupine," Washington Post, January 6, 2022 (5:17 p.m. EST).
3) David Ignatius, "The Biden administration weighs backing Ukraine insurgents if Russia invades," Washington Post, December 19, 2021
As far back as December 19, David Ignatius reported on a telltale fatal flaw in U.S. thinking about how it and NATO would respond to a Russian invasion of Ukraine.
He reported that American military advisors and policy makers were discussing how to provide assistance to Ukrainian "insurgents" or a Ukrainian "insurgency". Ignatius on January 6 and David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt on January 8 report that policymakers are still using the same terminology.
In doing so they have framed the question in a way which naively fails to take international law into account, much less to use it actively to achieve American deterrence goals, while employing a conceptual framework that assumes Ukrainian defeat. They are talking in terms of providing military assistance to "insurgents" after Russia has taken over Ukraine.
The conceptual framework assumes defeat, while completely ignoring international law and the U.N. Charter.
This approach reveals that the military, not the international lawyers or diplomats backed by international lawyers, are setting the terms of the internal U.S. policy debate.
This development calls to mind the old maxim that "Military justice is to justice as military music is to music."
In the current situation, we might just as aptly say, "Military foreign policy is to foreign policy as military music is to music."
It is painful to have to explain to Biden's incompetent foreign policy team that soldiers of a legitimate government of a sovereign country are not "insurgents" but rather soldiers fighting in yje nation's lawful self-defense to repel aggression against their country involving invasion of its sovereign territory, in flagrant violation of Article 2 paragraph 4 of the United Nations Charter.
The Ukrainian soldiers would constitute a Resistance against the invaders, just as the French Resistance sought to repel the aggression of an invading German army in World War II.
A second, glaring, defect in the American approach to deterring a Russian invasion of Ukraine is the statement by President Biden that he was ruling out the use of force in response to a potential Russian invasion.
In this kind of face-off, it is hard to see the advantage of revealing one's bottom line in advance of any confrontation. One has to ask how one thinks the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis would have worked out if John F. Kennedy had announced he was taking the use of force off the table. Putin through his surrogates has explicitly referred to the threat of nuclear war. Such threats were enough to make Obama blink in 2014. By taking force off the table, has Biden already blinked?
A third defect in the American approach is that officials are blabbering to reporters off the record, laying out their strategic thinking and what they anticipate Russia may or may not do. This shows the American government lacks discipline among its ranks, opening the way to misunderstanding on the part of Russia.
It is natural for different policymakers to advocate different policy options, such as whether or not to expel Russia from the SWIFT international payments system. It is surprising that such differences seem to persist this late in the game. It us utter folly to conduct these arguments in the press, showing Putin divisions among policymakers that may dilute the impact of any direct communications to the Russians through formal diplomatic channels.
The available evidence suggests there are no strong advocates of using international law among top decision makers in the Biden Administration. This means that the U.S. is not likely to even press its international legal case in the U.N. Security Council and the General Assembly, in effect leaving Putin to trample on the U.N. Charter without even putting up an argument. Putin could hardly wish for more.
With Biden at the helm, with the foreign policy ream that gave us the calamity of the Afghan surrender and withdrawal, negative outcomes with Russia in Ukraine are more likely than they would be if the U.S. had a vigorous foreign policy led by competent and experienced people.
In effect, Biden has acceded to Putin's assertion that the Ukraine and respective spheres of influence in Europe should be decided by power politics, by Machtpolitik–and international law, the U.N. Charter and the postwar international legal order be damned.
Senators and House members in Congress must stand up and ensure that competent people are running U.S foreign policy, and in a manner that stiffens Joe Biden's spine.
Barack Obama, Crimes Against Humanity, human rights, International Law, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Mossad, NATO, Russia, self-defense, State Department, State Department Legal Adviser, syria, U.N. Charter, U.N. Security Council, U.S Foreign Relations, U.S. Congress, U.S. Military, United States, use of force, war crimes
The risks of playing the Russians' diplomatic game: Putin, al-Assad, and their willing dupe–Barack Obama
Barack Obama, China, Crimea, Crimes Against Humanity, France, Germany, human rights, International Law, Iraq, Russia, sanctions, State Department, syria, U.N. Security Council, U.S. Intervention, U.S. Military, Ukraine, United States, use of force, Vladimir Putin, war crimes
Watch the ball move: Obama moves attention to Mosul, distracting from abject appeasement by Merkel, EU, and U.S. in response to ongoing Russian war crimes in Aleppo and Syria
2016 U.S. Presidential election, Crimea, Crimes Against Humanity, Dictatorship, Donald Trump, elections, European Union, History, human rights, NATO, Russia, sanctions, Soviet Union, syria, use of force, Vladimir Putin, war crimes
Russia as the great white power: Behind Trump's affinity to Vladimir Putin
Crimea, Crimes Against Humanity, Deutschland, freedom of speech, Germany, History, human rights, International Law, Russia, syria, U.N. Charter, U.N. Security Council, Ukraine, use of force, Venezuela
Is Putin like Hitler?
Be the first to comment on "The fatal flaws in U.S. thinking about responses to Russian aggression against Ukraine–UPDATED January 14, 2022"


If you are searching legal representation to help resolve a serious difficulty with your relationship or a family challenge, an attorney can make a world of difference for your case. Family law can be quite complex, and family matters can only make thing that much more difficult and emotional for everyone involved. It is imperative that you find a lawyer who understands the manner in which to navigate the issues. You need someone who has your best interest in mind.
As a certified family specialist, Michael F. Kanzer & Associates, P.C. is dedicated to the practice of Family Law. We have countless hours of practice in the field, and we have met all of the rigorous requirements that are outlined by the state. We are dedicated to finding solutions to overcome even those legal problems that are quite difficult.
When you make the decision to come to our law offices, you are going to get the personalized guidance and attention that you deserve. Our goal is to get you the positive results that you desire. We understand that every case is different and a single approach is not sufficient for all of the different families that come into the office. We take the time to listen carefully to what your problem is and what goals you want to achieve. Developing a clear strategy and a plan of action to meet those goals is what we do. If you ever have any questions, you can rest assured that someone will be here to answer them for you. We are passionate about helping the clients who come to our office. If your case goes to trial, we will be there beside you fighting for your rights.
Instead of worrying about what you are going to do with your impending case, let our experience, expertise and professionalism go to work for you. Take the time to contact us today to discuss what all we can do for you and your case.