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12-4 | 2022
Revue des livres
Stefan Eich, The Currency of Politics—The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes
Valerie Schreur
https://doi.org/10.4000/oeconomia.13570
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Stefan Eich, The Currency of Politics—The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022, 344 pages, 978-069119107-2
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1Much of our politics revolves around money matters. Where to spend money on, who to tax, what to do with increasing national and private debts. Less saliently, the institutionalization of money is itself a crucial political question. Who controls this important life-shaping institution? Central bankers in grey suits come to mind, solemnly proclaiming fiscal discipline. How come we have accepted that control over money is not a political question, but a technocratic one—best left to experts? Hidden from view is the essentially political nature of money, something The Currency of Politics by Stefan Eich seeks to uncover.
2This book is an ambitious project in political philosophy aiming at revealing money as a fragile political construction and retrieving money as a tool of democratic self-government. The target audience consists of political philosophers, specifically, and a wider academic public interested in ideas of money. The book provides an intellectual history of thought intersecting with rich empirical descriptions ranging from Aristotle's Athens to Hayek and Habermas. Well-researched, the book offers more than only an intellectual history. The main aim of the book is to uncover how we came to think about money as neutral or apolitical. Here, the neutrality of money means that the economic and political dimensions of money are viewed as separated. Explaining the nature and intellectual causes of depoliticization of money is itself a core focus of this book—revealing such depoliticization as itself a political move. Eich makes visible in what tradition contemporary philosophers stand when they instead approach money as a political institution. It allows the reader to think more deeply about money in our current time, and what the role of money in democracies should be.
3The mainstream economics textbook definition of money does not mention money's democratic potential. In these textbooks, writes Eich, "money appears merely as a neutral veil behind which real economic transactions occur. Money merely greases the wheels of commerce. Politics and the state are nowhere seen in this picture" (4). Specific political philosophical questions about money that cannot be answered with the textbook definition are, for example: "Who gets to decide who creates money? Where should money power reside in our constitutions? Is a more democratic money possible?" (208) Two literatures on the conceptions of money in contemporary political philosophy since the 1950s challenged this textbook definition. In the first literature, money is approached as an instrument of economic and political power handed over by public institutions to financial corporations. Private banks not only have the power to create and control money, they are also interweaved with the economy at large to such an extent that they are "too big to fail". This implicit public guarantee, together with information asymmetry, leads to moral hazard (Claassen, 2022). Although control over money is what grants financial institutions power, this first literature does not look at the nature of money per se. A second literature on money understands money primarily as an instrument with the potential to combat inequality. Money is a requisite for fully participating in a democratic free market society. Access to money, or credit, should therefore be a right and be free of biases against the poor (Meyer, 2018; Dietsch, 2021; Baradaran, 2018). Reasoning along these lines also undergird arguments in favor of microfinance to alleviate dire poverty.
4Eich's project gives these literatures a stronger foundation by unpacking money itself as a constitutional project. The title of the book, The Currency of Politics, does not refer to money as tools for market exchange, like cash or legal tender, but instead to money as a tool of governance. The moral hazard literature underlines certain issues with the current form of governance, one where democracy is losing grip on money. Eich, by contrast, provides a positive framing of money as a tool for democratic self-government. How we understand money, Eich states, is crucial to our understanding of our social and political worlds and what we can expect of our public institutions. Eich sides most closely with legal historian Christine Desan and her conception of money as a politically constructed object, created by historical contingencies and power relations (Desan, 2014). Understanding money as apolitical, as economic textbooks suggest, makes it harder to think about whether and how the creators and controllers of money should be kept accountable for what they do. This question of the legitimacy of money, Eich argues, can only really be asked when we make visible the politics of money.
5A conceptual point that guides Eich throughout the book is that he wants to move beyond narrow debates over the "depoliticization" versus "repoliticization" of money or central banking. According to Eich, money is always already political. Instead of calling for the repoliticizing of money, we should look at the specific type of politics that is already in place in the institution of money. The debate about money and democracy "cannot be over whether money has or should have a political dimension but instead of how that politics ought to play out and what values should guide it" (xvi). Eich's diagnosis of the current state of affairs is clear: our monetary system is ruled by technocratic central banks and private financial institutions, that are kept unaccountable by the prevailing depoliticization of money. The goal of Eich's book is to trace the history of intellectual thought to uncover how we arrived in our current predicament, to allow philosophers, yet again, to reflect on central normative questions around the due institutionalization of money—and that requires revealing the political nature of money.
6In the first five chapters, Eich reads key philosophers as primarily philosophers of money—Aristotle, Locke, Fichte, Marx, and Keynes. To each Eich devotes a chapter, including the monetary crisis they were faced with and how this crisis shaped their thinking on money. A recurring question is: should money be subject to political control or released from it? Only the last chapter, on political philosophy after the Bretton Woods system, deviates from this design. In this chapter, thinkers from Rawls and Habermas to Hayek are discussed, with the main critique that all these philosophers of money have fallen for the myth that money is politically neutral.
7Chapter one is on Aristotle. As with much of western philosophy, "[m]oney's political meaning could be traced back to ancient Athens" (xiii). According to Aristotle, currency formed a political institution of reciprocity and justice. "Currency can be just, but not when it fuels accumulation for its own sake. As a tool of reciprocity, however, currency serves political justice" (27). Money was a means of commercial exchange and a pillar of political community and justice. Aristotle's account of money cuts through the opaqueness of money. It raised the core question of monetary policy from the perspective of democratic legitimacy: Who owned the money—the sovereign or the people?
8Chapter two discusses the monetary philosophy of John Locke. In contrast to Aristotle's understanding of money as a tool for just rule by politicians, Locke posits the sound money theory: money is too important politically to be left to political decision-making. Although Aristotle and Locke agree on the consensual origin of money, Locke thought that in the end it would be better to keep money away from democratic politics. Eich shows that Locke's understanding of money was shaped by a major monetary crisis England faced at the end of the seventeenth century: the Coinage Crisis of 1695-1698. At this time, 80 percent of England's national budget was spent on war efforts with France, leading to money shortages in Locke's home country. Moreover, the material of which coins were made had become more valuable than their denomination. Clipped coins, where parts of the coin are chipped off to sell, made up about 40 percent of total coins by 1695. This aggravated the liquidity shortage in England.
9With a population that was losing trust in the monetary policy of its leaders, England's leaders chose to recoin all money in the original value, established years before. According to Locke this solved the trust issue, since the denomination yet again corresponded to the actual weight in silver. For the country's finances, however, the effects were dramatic, with liquidity shortages becoming even larger. Nevertheless, Locke remained throughout an avid proponent of this policy. In response to this crisis, Locke developed a novel theory of monetary depoliticization: "Instead, coins' denominations were according to Locke based on particular quantities of metal that were set by fiat but then solidified over time until they were—paradoxically—declared beyond sovereign meddling" (51). Even though the conventional origin of money is institutionalized by politics, it should be managed outside of politics. Hereby, Eich argues, Locke stood at the root of modern money's obscurity.
10More than a hundred years later, chapter three shows, Johann Gottlieb Fichte looked with wonder at yet another monetary policy experiment by the leaders of England. In 1797 the Bank of England suspended the convertibility of money into gold. As a consequence, the value of the Pound was only tied to the word of the state. The Pound was pure fiat money. "Where money had previously been seen as having a stable commodity value, it was now revealed to be a circulating sign, a collective cultural and political project of artificially created value" (86). On Eich's reading, Fichte understood the political potential of fiat money, because Fichte came to regard fiat money as a completion of the social contract. It is rational for states, and their rational republics, to guarantee their own economic conditions, so as to secure monetary autonomy. With fiat money, Fichte argued, states are no longer dependent on international trade in bullion. Gold or silver are no longer necessary to guarantee the value of money. Without this international reliance, money could become a self-referential medium. The great contribution of Fichte, according to Eich, is that he saw the political potential of money and envisioned a state that actively regulated the monetary economy.
11Chapter four is dedicated to Karl Marx. Marx has serious doubts about the potential of money as a democratic institution. In letters to Engels in 1857, he still expressed high hopes of a collapse of the commercial banking infrastructure. The cause of this was an accident involving a cargo steamer carrying tons of worth in gold, heading to America to capitalize banks, getting lost at sea. Even though stock markets were in shock, private capital markets swiftly recovered—contrary to Marx's hopes and expectations. Witnessing private capital markets as inevitably linked to the capitalist mode of production, Marx argues that monetary policy is constrained by private capital and that money, therefore, cannot be used to tackle exploitation. Marx did think that the current credit system could be improved, but money and the capitalist mode of production are two sides of the same coin. Capitalism's cycles of overproduction and overaccumulation are conditional on money and credit. Not only is money always already political, it is also always already lenient towards the owners of capital.
12Whereas Aristotle, Locke and Fichte are rarely regarded as philosophers of money, scholars have extensively studied Marx's and Keynes' conceptions of money. Joseph Schumpeter interpreted Marx as a metallist in favor of tying money to the gold standard. More recently, Geoffrey Ingham (2004) categorized Marx as a commodity theorist, arguing that with his labor theory of value Marx committed himself to a commodity theory of money. Ingham criticizes Marx for failing to see that money is a disguised social relation. Eich argues against these dominant readings of Marx on money. He claims that these views prevent "a true appreciation of Marx analysis of money under capitalism" (108). Ingham's main critique is that Marx—and generations of Marxists after him—failed to see the important point that new money is created endogenously by private banks when they extend loans. Eich argues that Marx did grasp this. In fact, the insight that private banks make money endogenously, taken from the British Banking School, played a major role in Marx's development of his theory of money.
13It is exactly the point of endogenous money creation, argues Eich, that led Marx to believe that money is inescapably tied to the interests of the owners of capital. "Banks could extend fictitious credit, but the underlying demand for credit was determined in the productive sector and reflected a broader commercial crisis" (124-125). Even though monetary crises occur in money markets, money markets are themselves symptoms of the capitalist mode of production. Therefore, changes in monetary policy are of no use if structures of ownership remain in place. Eich argues that Marx lost faith in the emancipatory potential of monetary institutions, stuck in the clutches of capitalism. Marx made a conceptual shift from money to capital—a critique of modern money's malleability. Laborers have to work for money and commodified labor appears to us as capitalist money. When capitalists require money, however, banks find a way to make it. Eich suggests that monetary policy became an abandoned site of philosophical thinking for twentieth century Marxists because of the view that monetary policy will always favor the owners of capital.
14Chapter five outlines how John Maynard Keynes sought to tie monetary policy to interests of the public. According to Eich, Keynes understood that the "management of money was a public task tied to social justice, deriving its legitimacy from the implicit political covenant that also grounded the state" (143). Keynes is a proponent of regulation of the creation of money. To achieve that, the gold standard had to be ditched because gold-backed money disguises unfairness in the international distribution of gold. According to Keynes, the gold standard makes countries compete for scarce resources and, simultaneously, creates economic inefficiencies by making money artificially scarce.
15Eich suggests that Keynes is often narrowly read as a proponent of national economic-policy autonomy, by scholars such as Michael Heilperin. What those accounts miss is Keynes' plea to create a more stable international system of managing money outside of the gold standard. Eich likewise counters the reading of Keynes by scholars in international relations theory, most influentially John Ruggie, who argue that Keynes' ideas came to fruition in the Bretton Woods institutions. In opposition to Ruggie, Eich argues that Keynes' boldest proposals were not adopted at all. For, not only did Keynes seek to liberate currencies from the gold standard, he also proposed a system through which currencies could be stabilized again, reconciling domestic autonomy with global cooperation. Keynes' solution was a global reserve currency, through which the amount of money could be controlled and currencies stabilized; rather than the US-dollar around which Bretton Woods was shaped.
16Further, Keynes was in favor of developing a contained constitutional politics based on expertise. The reliance on expert knowledge in monetary policy is a key issue resurging again and again in debates on democratizing money. Just like Keynes, contemporary scholars working in the field of economic ethics simultaneously acknowledge that money is a social construct which current institutional framework needs to be democratized, while also seeing the objections to leaving monetary policy entirely in the hands of voters (Heldt and Herzog, 2022; Downey, 2021). This is not to say there should be no public debate on monetary policy, but that experts, in the end, are necessary in governing money. Though Fichte already thought that money had democratic potential, it was Keynes who really took up the challenge of thinking through what democratic monetary policy in a global world means, culminating in the idea that "states have the right to break contracts if they ran counter to the higher social purpose of justice" (147). In Eich's reading, Keynes was the light in the dark, one of the few twentieth century thinkers who understood the powers attached to the design of monetary institutions and the necessity to shape these institutions in order to support democracy.
17In chapter six on monetary thought after Bretton Woods and in the conclusion, Eich moves away from the intellectual history towards criticism of political philosophy since Keynes. Eich contends that almost all of these political philosophers—most notably Rawls and Habermas—took money for granted and "abstracted away from institutional questions of monetary policy and central banks" (178). Political theorists accepted that money was merely something economic in the first place, neglecting the history of philosophical thought as Eich presents it in his book. Money was outside the scope of emancipatory action. Rawls, for example, just relied on the Bretton Woods paradigm of statist welfarism and economic growth in A Theory of Justice. Habermas, too, left monetary policy out of his writings, and in interviews became more and more "skeptical about the feasibility and desirability of economic democratization" (186). This shows, according to Eich, that the idea that money is neutral and its control should be left to experts found its way to the heart of political philosophy.
18As philosophers accepted the depoliticization of money, Eich argues, classical liberals such as Friedrich Hayek were handed the power to construct the discourse of money and present it as an economic fact. Faced with the inflation of the 1970s, Hayek considered price stability to be the main function of money. Precisely price stability is currently first and foremost the mandate of the European Central Bank. This means that other goals of economic policy, most notably ensuring full employment, are secondary to price stability. Contrary to what Eich states, the myth of neutral money beyond politics is far from dead. Although central banks recently deployed various instruments that moved outside of their narrow mandates and therewith at least in practice revealed themselves as political (van 't Klooster and Fontan, 2020), the first central banker that says outright that the creation and control of money is not politically neutral, nevertheless, is yet to come forward. Many policy makers at central banks or ministries of finance still uphold the belief that adjusting interest rates is the main, if not only, lever to pull when it comes to combatting inflation in the current energy and cost of living crisis.
19Eich convincingly shows that an apt theoretical justification of money as it exists now in democracies is lacking. One of the promises of the book, however, to give us an understanding of money as a tool of democratic self-government, does not entirely come through. For one, it is not clear to me how the various ideas of the philosophers discussed relate to the conception of money as a tool for democratic self-government. Aristotle, for example, is not a democratic political thinker whose ideas align with the way we now think of democracy. Further, what Eich means by self-government is not discussed in much detail. As The Currency of Politics is primarily focusing on money as a philosophical idea, the book says little about how the money system is actually organized and what types of institutional changes should be made for the money system to coalesce with Eich's ideal of democratic self-rule.
20The main aim of the book is to uncover how we have come to think about money as neutral or apolitical, and Eich succeeds in this. Nowadays, money is both intrinsically tied to the state while the control over the creation of money is at the discretion of unelected experts. Some of the key events in monetary history are unpacked to create a narrative of how the result of rule by an expert minority is the contingent outcome of political struggles. The main contribution of the book lies in presenting an intellectual history of money that theoretically grounds the works of others working on democratizing money. The Currency of Politics is a great addition to the philosophy of money. I can only hope it finds its way to the library of the ECB.
Baradaran, Mehrsa. 2018. How the Other Half Banks: Exclusion, Exploitation, and the Threat to Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Claassen, Rutger. 2022. The Ethics of Moral Hazard Revisited. In Juan Flores Zendejas, Norbert Gaillard, and Rick Michalek (eds), Moral Hazard: A Financial, Legal, and Economic Perspective. New York: Routledge International Studies in Money and Banking.
Desan, Christine. 2014. Making Money: Coin, Currency, and the Coming of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dietsch, Peter. 2021. Money Creation, Debt, and Justice. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 20(2): 151-179.
Downey, Leah Rose Ely. 2021. Democratizing Money: A Political Theory of Policymaking. PhD Thesis, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Heldt, Eugénia C., and Lisa Herzog. 2022. The Limits of Transparency: Expert Knowledge and Meaningful Accountability in Central Banking. Government and Opposition, 57(2): 217-232.
Ingham, Geoffrey K. 2004. The Nature of Money. Cambridge, UK and Malden, MA: Polity.
Klooster, Jens van 't, and Clément Fontan. 2020. The Myth of Market Neutrality: A Comparative Study of the European Central Bank's and the Swiss National Bank's Corporate Security Purchases. New Political Economy, 25(6): 865-879.
Meyer, Marco. 2018. The Right to Credit. Journal of Political Philosophy, 26(3): 304-326.
Valerie Schreur, « Stefan Eich, The Currency of Politics—The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes », Œconomia, 12-4 | 2022, 807-814.
Valerie Schreur, « Stefan Eich, The Currency of Politics—The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes », Œconomia [En ligne], 12-4 | 2022, mis en ligne le 01 décembre 2022, consulté le 27 janvier 2023. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/oeconomia/13570 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/oeconomia.13570
University of Amsterdam. v.schreur@uva.nl
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London & Scottish Investments Limited ("LSI"), Asset Manager to Regional REIT Limited ("the Group"), the UK regional office and industrial property focused real estate investment trust, today announces that it secured Bristol's largest letting in the out of town office market for the second quarter running in 2018.
London & Scottish Investments Limited ("LSI"), Asset Manager to Regional REIT Limited ("the Group"), the UK regional office and industrial property focused real estate investment trust, today announces that it has agreed three substantial new lettings.
Regional REIT, the UK regional office and industrial property focused real estate investment trust, today announces the launch of an offer of 4.5% sterling bonds due 2024 (the "Bonds").
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COMPLETION ON A SIGNIFICANT REINSTATEMENT PROJECT.
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PRESS RELEASE: Glasgow, 21 February 2017 – Regional REIT, the UK regional office and industrial property focused real estate investment trust, today announces that the final available floor space at its office building, 9 Portland Street, Manchester, has been leased to an existing tenant, Mott MacDonald Limited, along with the removal of a break on their existing letting.
9 PORTLAND STREET, MANCHESTER – FULLY LET.
LSP recognised Mott MacDonald's requirement for more space, and also anticipated the cluster of breaks/renewals within a relatively short period at Portland Street.
LSI IS PROUD TO SUPPORT GLOW GOLD SEPTEMBER FOR CHILDHOOD CANCER AWARENESS.
LSI is participating in Glow Gold September, a national campaign to raise awareness of Childhood Cancer.
London & Scottish Property (LSP) have just completed the 28,000 sq. ft. letting of Rosalind House, Basingstoke, to New Voice Media (NVM), the largest letting in 5 years.
The student residential division of London & Scottish Investments (LSI), London & Scottish Student Housing (LSSH), has acquired Crown House in Sheffield for £3 million.
London & Scottish Investments Ltd (LSI), a Glasgow-based investment, development, and property asset management company, has today announced that it has been appointed as asset manager for Regional REIT Limited, a newly-incorporated regional commercial property company which will be admitted to the London Stock Exchange on Friday (6 November 2015).
Work has started on a £1.5 million refurbishment of 120 Wellington Street, Leeds, which is managed by London & Scottish Property Asset Management (part of London & Scottish Investments). The works will deliver 18,667 sq ft of Grade A offices with floors of 6,500sqft. The work on this high profile building is scheduled to be completed in January 2016.
WHR Property Consultants has acquired a 9,000 sq ft office suite on behalf of global management, engineering and development consultancy Mott MacDonald on the fourth floor of 9 Portland Street in Manchester city centre. Mott MacDonald is relocating from 111 Piccadilly as part of its expansion strategy having taken a 10 year lease.


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Startup Toolkit
Lifestyle Review
3 Facebook Settings That Will Keep Your Data Private
By Samiksha Jain
From limiting who can see your posts to locking your profile, follow these tips to take control of your Facebook account.
With about 2.912 billion monthly active users globally, Facebook has grown to become one of the world's largest and most popular social networking sites. Nonetheless, the social media giant has come under fire repeatedly for mishandling user data, and as a result, many people are rethinking their relationship with the platform.
While it's true that Facebook has made some missteps when it comes to privacy, there are still ways to protect your information while using the platform. In this article, we will explore three basic Facebook settings that will keep your private information private.
1. Limit access to your profile
Locking your Facebook profile is a way to restrict access to your personal information to the public. This means when you turn on the profile lock feature, only people on your friend list will be able to see the content posted on your timeline. This includes the full-size version of your profile picture, cover photo, stories shared by you and a part of the "About" section containing your educational background, birthday, location and so on.
Furthermore, any posts you've previously shared with the "Public" setting will be changed to "Friends" now, and the profile review (to approve what posts that you are tagged in can appear on your timeline) and tag review functions (to accept or reject tags added to your posts) will be enabled.
You can lock your Facebook profile using a desktop or phone by following these steps:
Open the Facebook site and login into your account
Scroll to the top-right corner of the screen and click on your name
Image courtesy: Author
Click the three dots in the tab list beneath your name
Select "Lock Profile" from the drop-down menu lists, and you're done!
Remember that locking your profile will not impact how people find you on Facebook; it will merely limit what they can view.
Unfortunately, this feature is currently only available in selected countries like Afghanistan, Egypt, India, Iraq, Myanmar, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Ukraine. You can still manually change the privacy settings for your posts and profile—it'll take only a few more buttons as opposed to one.
2. Control who can see and share your posts
If you don't feel like locking your profile, you may restrict who can see and share your postings by changing the privacy settings for each post. To do so, go to the drop-down menu in the top-right corner of each post and select the "edit audience" tab. You may select "Public", "Friends," "Only Me" or a custom audience such as "Specific Friends" or "Friends Expect…" from the drop-down menu.
3. Keep your friends list private
If you want to hide your friend list on Facebook using a desktop follow the given below steps:
Log in to your Facebook account and click on the profile icon on the right-hand side of the screen and select "Settings & privacy" and then "Settings".
Click on "Privacy" and scroll down until you see "how people can find and contact you".
Go to "Who can see my friends list?" and select the option that seems appropriate for you.
Click "Ok" and you're done!
If you are using a Facebook application on an iPhone, iPad or Android phone, follow these steps to keep your friends list private:
In the "Facebook" app, click the "Menu" icon. Android users will find the menu in the upper right corner, while iOS users will find it in the lower left corner.
Click on the "Setting" icon. A profile page will open.
Select "Profile settings".
Now, click on "Privacy" and scroll down the page.
Under "How people find and contact you", select "Who can see my friends list?" and tab the option that is appropriate for you.
Click "Ok" to finish the process.
There are a lot of other steps you can take to keep your Facebook information private, but these three settings are a good place to start. By taking the time to secure your account with these simple steps, you can protect yourself from potential data breaches or misuse of your personal information. So take a few minutes to change your settings and rest assured knowing that your information is safe on Facebook.
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How Facebook Has Failed to Administer Its Own Policies
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About Samiksha Jain
Samiksha is a digital enthusiast, entertainment junkie, unsolicited opinion giver, bona fide foodie, and self-lover. When she isn't writing for Jumpstart Magazine, Samiksha enjoys traveling and discovering new places.
What Led to Balenciaga's Recent Scandal?
If you are attuned to the fashion world, you would have heard that Balenciaga has been canceled. This was a result of the problematic advertisements they released in November 2022. These ads featured imagery related to child sexual abuse, showed BDSM motifs in ads featuring children and a whole lot more.
Top 5 Clothing Items That Are Contributing to Skims' Net Worth
In 2022, American media personality Kim Kardashian's shapewear brand Skims reached a market capitalization of US$3.2 billion. This massive net worth is a byproduct of a lot of factors, such as Kim's popularity, the brand's inclusive size range and adaptability (as we saw during the pandemic) to name a few.
Layoffs in 2023: 5 Companies That Have Already Announced Job Cuts This Year
The layoff spree at tech giants is bleeding into a new year. It has been just three weeks since we entered 2023, yet the media is buzzing with disturbing numbers about people being laid off by tech companies: At least 104 tech companies let go more than 26,000 employees. This means, more than 1,600 tech employees were dismissed per day in the past couple of weeks. Let's take a look at the top tech companies that are laying off aggressively.
Decoding the World's Obsession with "Goblin Mode"
Do you find yourself struggling to maintain a positive and productive attitude at work? Are you becoming increasingly irritable or disengaged from constantly feeling overwhelmed and stressed? If so, you're not alone. Many people experience this state of mind, and some turn on their  "goblin mode" to cope with it. The term "goblin mode" gained popularity in February 2022
Instagram vs YouTube—Which Is Better for Your Business?
With the rise of social media platforms, like Instagram, TikTok and YouTube, businesses have gained new opportunities to reach their potential customers. It's important to note that Instagram and YouTube are not just for entertainment; they can be used as powerful tools for marketing and creating brand awareness. Many individuals already use YouTube, TikTok and more to earn money.
What Is Ambient Computing? How Does It Affect Our Lives?
Picture this: it's five degrees Celsius outside, and you are freezing, but instead of you adjusting your thermostat, your house automatically realizes that it needs to be warmed up and changes the temperature accordingly. That is what ambient computing is all about. Ambient computing (also called ambient intelligence) refers to technology immersed into your environment. You don't have to consciously interact with it using screens or keyboards.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Foil Tape Manufacturers Suppliers
While you can have a really specific need for which the following may not be the best answer, these can come in useful for the majority of ductwork. Mastic also comes in the form of tapes made of aluminium foil. Mastic and mastic tapes keep sturdy even on moist and gutter areas. To be taught extra about adhesive tape, refer to our Technical Guide to Adhesive Tape. Or, contact the ECHOtape teamwith your tape request if you would like assist figuring out which product is greatest in your particular project. The most highly rated HVAC items are nothing with out adequately sealed ducts.
Aluminum foil was first obtainable in 1888, and business production within the U.S. started in 1913. Prized for its protective qualities and attractive look in containers and packaging, it was extensively utilized in World War II to protect packages, electrical capacitors, and insulation.
To use this tape, ensure the surface is clear and devoid of particles and mud. It is also moderately priced as a flex tape, and the a hundred and twenty-yard size costs the identical as 50 yards of aluminum tape.
It is a UL181B-FX listed silver adhesive tape permitted for use on flexible air ducts and is rated for resistance to flame and smoke. It's made to work in temperatures ranging from -10 to +210-Degree . To help you keep away from the effort of searching, we've researched and listed four foil HVAC tapes that may allow you to in fixing HVAC ducts.
Thanks to its moisture and chemical resistance, thermal conductivity, flame resistance, warmth and lightweight reflectance, and weatherability… it makes for a tape that has a wide range of functions. Since 1888, the people of Alcoa have partnered to create progressive and sustainable options that move the world forward. We created the aluminum industry, and will proceed to outline and advance it. We invented the aluminum industry and continue to guide in the innovation of latest technologies. We are the most effective operators in the trade creating superior worth for our clients. We continuously engage our market analysis partners to concentrate on the emerging market and applied sciences thus offering our purchasers with clarity insights and projections.


Sunday afternoon, a day of muggy heat and distant clouds, building and rising, and a chance, hours off, of storm. We turned our backs on work that should be done; it would wait, tasks and "To Do" lists, they can always wait. We loaded canoes, stowed paddles and PFDs, drove the dark blacktop to the landing. Made ready to paddle.
Sally's canoe is a wisp of a boat, built of a dark lamination and on the water it floats like a raven's feather. A touch of irony: The near-black canoe is named Trillium; the pure white flower of spring. My canoe, longer and sleek, muted yellow-green tint of Kevlar; named Magic.
We put boats to water, pushed off, paddled against the light current, the breeze at our backs. Paddles rose and fell in an easy rhythm like a metronome marking the song of our paddles, measuring the pulse of the effort.
To our left the land rose steep to a ridge and on the ridge were trees, thick and green; underneath them, dark shadows. High above the ridge clouds lifted up, white and not-white, transition clouds moving to gray, building and towering. Below, in the valley of the river, we could see very little of the cloud; the horizon was closed down by the lift of jagged tree line and most all we could see was overhead. The sun was yielding to the cloud, giving ground in the battle of light against shadow.
Eagle flew overhead, wings strong, flight direct. Mergansers and wood ducks lifted from the shallows, high tempo wing beat in the heavy air weighted by humidity. The trailing breeze rose and dropped, uncertain in purpose. It was a pleasant afternoon to paddle.
We paddled upstream for half an hour, maybe 45 minutes; time was not important on this day. Then we drifted, paddles spanning the rails of the canoes, decided to turn back.
The clouds now owned the sky, layers of gray built up as washes of watercolor paints on paper; a light wash of gray, another, one more and again until the thin layers accumulated to heavy and dark and, all of a sudden, slightly ominous. In the distance a roll of thunder, faint, indistinct. Or was it truck, rolling on the highway, rumbling and groaning, too distant to describe with certainty?
We paddled into the breeze, gentle enough not to be a hindrance.
The sun was now gone to cloud and cloud going to darkness. Now the sound of thunder is coming on, unmistakable. The roll of distant thunder bears a comfort in the warning it gives; far off thunder gives notice of intent, one has time to prepare. The rumble of thunder closing in is a different story altogether; a warning of impending storm.
The metronome of our paddle song lifted, quicker turnover, higher tempo, upbeat rhythm. The canoes lifted and moved as birds on the wind.
We paddled with a sense of purpose now, edging toward urgency. No time to dawdle; there was storm rising, unseen to the west, unseen for us in the valley of the river where the trees angled to the sky and we could not see to the horizon from where the power and the storm gathered and advanced toward us.
Thunder; closer now, a fundamental sound carried in the roll of thunder. There are few sounds in nature more evocative than thunder, there at the dawning of time; there, likely at the end.
Behind us, upriver toward Rhinelander, fist-shaped clouds rose one atop the other. Downriver, to the landing, the sky was a mottled study of gray, dark and not-so-dark gray, layered and jumbled but gray, all gray and darkening and filled with the threat – no, with the promise now of storm.
Thunder again, the percussive backbeat of power and storm, sounding as the sound of rock tumbling and crashing, of avalanche, of landslide, of power and fury.
The landing was just ahead, around the corner. A few minutes more.
There came a stillness. The water went flat. We had 300 yards to paddle.
A lightning bolt hit on the other side of the ridge; a cannon shot of thunder at nearly the same instant: Flash! Bang! Thunder cracked like a vault door slammed shut, the sound of finality. The tree tops were in sudden turmoil of twisting and swaying, wildly tossed like wild swans in a mad rush to take flight, an explosion of wildness and fury, chaos and confusion and through it all the demon's roar of wind that matched the wild beast of your worst nightmare.
The wind hit us like a collision and the canoes were suddenly out of control as if spinning on ice, pushed toward shore, the paddle near torn from my hands. Then rain, torrents of it, sheets of it, heavy and strong, falling straight down as curtain falls, a steel curtain, gray-white and slashing down.
We were pushed to shore, canoes now flotsam, powerless to the storm. Canoes ran aground. We left them, ran for shelter under an old white pine. The storm raged. It was dark as sundown.
I cannot say how long it lasted, cannot guess at the term of the storm's anger. But in time it passed, the sky lightened and the sound of the storm was gone. With it, the rain and wind.
I walked to the canoe, to the Magic; paddled the three minutes to the landing. So close.
Suddenly very tired, I leaned on my paddle. To the west, a glimmer of sun. To the east, black of the storm was moving away, a lumbering beast taking leave. Arched across the sky, vivid color against the dark clouds a long arching rainbow.


text:
Q: Rocket.Chat - How get roomId I am new in work with Rocket.Chat. I need send message to channel. I already get authorization. When I read documentation about send message I found roomId parameter, but I don't know how get this ID. I try found in administration panel on Rocket.Chat but without success. Also if who know, how get access to Rocket.Chat database
Thanks

A: For accessing the database you can use Robo 3t (how to use it with meteor How to connect mongodb clients to local Meteor MongoDB).
Or you can use the rest api to get the channel info https://rocket.chat/docs/developer-guides/rest-api/channels/info

A: I'm assuming that you are using the APIs to send messages, if yes then you will be the one who created the channels (rooms).
When you create a new channel, the response contains details about the newly created channel, which includes the generated _id.
In this case, whenever you create a new channel, store it somewhere within your data storage, then restore it using the name of the channel, this will save you a journey to Roekct APIs each time you need to get the roomId.

A: First, call the API create-visitor to create a visitor and in response, you will get a token, use in next API open-room to open a room and in response, you will get room-id.

A: {
    "msg": "method",
    "method": "createDirectMessage",
    "id": "42",
    "params": ["username-goes-here"]
}

use createDirectMessage api, you have to pass usernames of those users you want to create room for. If you don't send any user, a room that have only you will be created.
this api will return roomId of the created room. Below is the response of above api.
{
    "msg": "result",
    "id": "42",
    "result": {
        "rid": "room-id-would-be-here"
    }
}

Every time you hit createDirectMessage api with same list of users, same roomId will be returned.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to "#SocialStocks," The Fly's weekly recap of Wall Street's reactions to social media stock news. RISKS ALREADY PRICED IN FACEBOOK SHARES: On October 17, Baird analyst Colin Sebastian said he believes Facebook's (FB) shares have embedded some downside risk to consensus estimates with out-year Street margin expectations likely to compress further. Sebastian maintained his Outperform rating and $195 price target on Facebook shares. Also on October 17, the Wall Street Journal reported that several public funds with holdings in Facebook are backing a shareholder proposal to push out Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg as chairman of the social network's board. GOOGLE TO CONTINUE POSITIVE AD MOMENTUM: Despite the loss of it's social media offering Google+, Google parent Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL) is expected to continue being the king of digital ads, according to Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter, who initiated coverage on the search giant with an Outperform and has a $1,350 price target. YOUTUBE GOES DOWN: On October 16, Alphabet's video service, YouTube, suffered an outage for around an hour and a half. YouTube tweeted the following announcements regarding the outage: "Thanks for your reports about YouTube, YouTube TV and YouTube Music access issues. We're working on resolving this and will let you know once fixed. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause and will keep you updated." Later that evening Team YouTube followed up with "We're back! Thanks for all of your patience. If you continue to experience issues, please let us know." TWITTER SUSPENDS BOT ACCOUNTS IN KHASHOGGI CASE: NBC News reported that Twitter (TWTR) suspended hundreds of bot accounts that were tweeting in support of Saudi Arabia and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in light of Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance. SNAP NOW SMALL ENOUGH TO BE ACQUIRED: Loop Capital analyst Alan Gould started Snap with a Hold rating and $7 price target. The company's revenue and user growth have decelerated due to competition, a "controversial" redesign and issues with the Android version of its app, Gould tells investors in a research note. He believes that even if management can revise the app, competition from Instagram may make it difficult for Snap to reaccelerate its growth. However, the analyst adds that with an enterprise value down to $9B, Snap is now small enough to be acquired "if the controlling shareholders are willing sellers and if regulators allow such a deal."
Catch up on today's top five analyst initiations with this list compiled by The Fly: 1. Abbott (ABT), Boston Scientific (BSX), Stryker (SYK), and Medtronic (MDT) were initiated with an Overweight at Barclays, while Baxter (BAX), Edwards Lifesciences (EW), and Zimmer Biomet (ZBH) were initiated with an Underweight. 2. Expedia (EXPE) was initiated with an Outperform at Evercore ISI, while TripAdvisor (TRIP) was initiated with an In Line, and Booking Holdings (BKNG) was initiated with an In Line. 3. Facebook (FB) was initiated with a Buy at Loop Capital and Rosenblatt. 4. Snap (SNAP) initiated with a Hold at Loop Capital. 5. VF Corp. (VFC) initiated with a Neutral at Wedbush. This list is just a portion of The Fly's analyst coverage. To see The Fly's full Street Research coverage, click here.
Check out today's top analyst calls from around Wall Street, compiled by The Fly. NEEDHAM SAYS BUY TAPESTRY: Needham analyst Rick Patel upgraded Tapestry to Buy from Hold and kept his $50 price target. The analyst notes that after a 14% selloff in the stock price driven by tariff-related concerns and the slowdown of Asia sales at LVMH, the risk-reward is favorable. Patel estimates that the hit to EPS from the impact of the handbag tariff should be "relatively modest" at about 1%. The analyst further notes that Tapestry has "ample white space" for long term growth in China through new distribution, while its North America sales indicate "well-controlled promotions" for Coach and Kate Spade. ANALYSTS SAY BUY FACEBOOK IN NEW INITIATIONS: Loop Capital analyst Alan Gould initiated Facebook with a Buy rating and a price target of $210, saying the stock is valued "quite attractively" after a "strong year financially and a challenging year operationally". The analyst also notes that the company's guidance is likely "conservative" given the company's propensity to beat consensus estimates. Meanwhile, Rosenblatt analyst Mark Zgutowicz started Facebook with a Buy rating in a note partially entitled "Facebook: Value, Not Trap." Given the stock's current valuation, there appears to be little confidence consensus expectations will be met and he is "in that camp," forecasting calendar 2019 EPS that is about 8% below consensus, Zgutowicz tells investors. However, with that said, he sees the anticipated EPS shortfall as priced in the shares and would be a buyer of the stock in front of the Q3 report, stating that he sees a bottoming for News Feed fatigue and enough light ahead with new product innovation and Instagram and Watch optionality. Zgutowicz set a $213 price target on Facebook shares. TILRAY TARGET SET AT $200 AS CANADA GETS READY TO LEGALIZE: Benchmark analyst Mike Hickey initiated coverage of Tilray with a Buy rating and $200 price target, citing its early leadership in the medical cannabis market in Canada and the upcoming legalization of recreational cannabis, which begins in the North American nation tomorrow. He believes the company's strategic alliance with Novartis (NVS) and supply agreements with Canadian pharmacies that give Tilray a competitive edge in the Canadian medical cannabis market, Hickey tells investors. He also believes the potential international opportunity is "enormous," estimating that the global cannabis market opportunity could exceed $200B over the long-term. JEFFERIES SEES NO COMPETING BIDS FOR PINNACLE: Jefferies analyst Akshay Jagdale downgraded Pinnacle Foods (PF) to Hold from Buy and lowered his price target for the shares to $68 from $72. The analyst assumes Conagra Brands' (CAG) bid to buy the company for $68 will go through without any competing bids. The stock should trade in line with its $68 transaction price until completion of the deal, Jagdale tells investors. GOLDMAN PREDICTS AVIS, HERTZ OUTLOOKS WILL DISAPPOINT: Goldman Sachs analyst David Tamberrino nudged the price target on Avis Budget (CAR) lower to $30 from $31 while keeping the price target on Hertz at $13 as part of his broader research note previewing Q3 results for the two Sell-rated U.S. car rental names. The analyst notes that Hertz (HTZ) may top Q3 consensus earnings and Avis Budget could miss based on his analysis of their respective pricing trends and residual values, but both have an added risk from reduced airport volume growth amid tightening competition among the ride hailing operators like Uber and Lyft. Tamberrino expects the car rental industry to remain challenged overall, noting that positive pricing will not be sustained, residual values will be pressured as more cars come off lease, and rising interest rates exert pressure on their balance sheets' high debt levels.
Rosenblatt analyst Mark Zgutowicz started Facebook with a Buy rating in a note partially entitled "Facebook: Value, Not Trap." Given the stock's current valuation, there appears to be little confidence consensus expectations will be met and he is "in that camp," forecasting calendar 2019 EPS that is about 8% below consensus, Zgutowicz tells investors. However, with that said, he sees the anticipated EPS shortfall as priced in the shares and would be a buyer of the stock in front of the Q3 report, stating that he sees a bottoming for News Feed fatigue and enough light ahead with new product innovation and Instagram and Watch optionality. Zgutowicz set a $213 price target on Facebook shares.
Baird analyst Colin Sebastian expects Facebook's Q3 results to confirm slowing core growth amid reallocation of some spending to Instagram and potentially other sites. He believes the shares have embedded some downside risk to consensus estimates with out-year Street margin expectations likely to compress further. Sebastian is maintaining his Outperform rating and $195 price target on Facebook shares.
Catch up on today's top five analyst initiations with this list compiled by The Fly: 1. Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL) initiated with an Outperform at Wedbush. 2. BJ's Wholesale (BJ) initiated with a Perform at Oppenheimer. 3. Comcast (CMCSA) initiated with an Outperform at Evercore ISI. 4. Thomson Reuters (TRI) reinstated with a Neutral at Goldman Sachs. 5. Atomera (ATOM) initiated with a Buy at Roth Capital. This list is just a portion of The Fly's analyst coverage. To see The Fly's full Street Research coverage, click here.
Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter initiated coverage of Alphabet (GOOGL) with an Outperform rating and $1,350 price target. In a research note titled "Long Live the Ad King," Pachter says he expects Google to "maintain positive ad momentum" even amidst pressure from Facebook (FB) and Amazon.com (AMZN). The analyst also thinks cost control efforts will drive better than expected Q3 results when Alphabet reports on October 25.
Oppenheimer analyst Jason Helfstein reiterated an Outperform rating on Baidu (BIDU) but cut his price target to $265 from $295 citing valuation, higher near-term investments, as well as the firm's recently-lowered price target for Ctrip (CTRP) and the recent downward movement of iQIYI (IQ) shares. In a research note to investors, Helfstein contends that investors' concern around macro/trade war and the risk of Google's (GOOG, GOOGL) re-entrance into China are "overstated," especially the Google piece, due to increased U.S. government scrutiny.
Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter upgraded Fitbit (FIT) to Outperform from Neutral, citing the company's expansion into the healthcare/MedTech vertical. In a research note to investors, Pachter says Fitbit has captured a large share of both the smartwatch and fitness tracker markets, but its watches must compete with Apple's (AAPL) offering. He thinks Fitbit has an "excellent" opportunity ahead with MedTech, particularly in collaboration with Google (GOOG, GOOGL), and believes Fitbit may begin reporting meaningful contribution from MedTech as early as 2019. Pachter also notes that shares have recently pulled back well below his $6.50 price target, providing an opportunity to get involved in the Medtech vertical at a reasonable price.
Credit Suisse analyst Stephen Ju reiterated an Outperform rating on Alphabet and raised his price target to $1,500 from $1,375 ahead of the company's Q3 results on October 25. Near term, Ju tells investors in a research note that advertiser checks suggest a positive ad budget and spend environment with only modest deceleration for search and ongoing YouTube acceleration. As for Google's proposal to comply with the EU's requirements for Android bundling, Ju does not anticipate a change from the status quo as he expects the majority of handset manufacturers to voluntarily bundle Google's apps versus electing to either lose market share or take on the cost of OS/app development.
BTIG analyst Mark Palmer maintained his Sell rating and $30 price target on Square (SQ) after its yesterday's announcement that CFO Sarah Friar is planning to step down at the end of the year. The analyst notes that Friar has been viewed as "serving in a role more expansive and crucial than that of a typical CFO" given the divided focus of CEO Jack Dorsey on his position as CEO of Twitter (TWTR). The analyst also maintains his view that Square's "increasing dependence on the extension of credit to its customers" has made its business model more vulnerable to credit market volatility.
Goldman Sachs analyst Heath Terry lowered his price target for Snap (SNAP) to $11 from $17, while reiterating a Buy rating on the shares. With Snap shares down 50% since the company reported Q2 results, beyond the broader weakness in social media, the analyst believes investors are clearly focused on the impact competition is having on the company's user growth, ability to monetize, and capital needs. Terry continues to believe that a Twitter-like (TWTR) turnaround is possible, particularly as the new Android app comes out of Alpha later this quarter. However, it is unlikely that Q3 results will show any signs of that as reported DAUs decline and engagement is negatively impacted by the redesign/competition, he contends.
Check out today's top analyst calls from around Wall Street, compiled by The Fly. JPMORGAN UPGRADES LUMENTUM AFTER SELLOFF: JPMorgan analyst Samik Chatterjee upgraded Lumentum (LITE) to Overweight from Neutral with an unchanged price target of $80. The 19% stock decline from the highs in late August, driven by concerns relative to U.S.-China trade, over-appreciates the "modest risks" for Lumentum, Chatterjee said. He believes this creates an "attractive buying opportunity" to capitalize on the near-term improvement in the earnings outlook. GOLDMAN CUTS HUNTINGTON TO SELL: Goldman Sachs analyst Noah Poponak downgraded Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) to Sell from Neutral and lowered his price target for the shares to $208 from $220. Poponak said Huntington is now the most expensive stock in his Defense coverage on economic, price-to-earnings and free cash flow yield. The analyst believes the stock could underperform Defense peers in the medium-term given the valuation. JEFFRIES STARTS HERBALIFE WITH A BUY: Jefferies analyst Akshay Jagdale started Herbalife Nutrition (HLF) with a Buy rating and $65 price target. After a period of "muted growth," Herbalife's sales looked poised to accelerate to a more normalized range of 5%-9%, Jagdale believes. He thinks the company should be able to grow at least in line with its total addressable market growth rate of 6%. This, coupled with margin expansion and accretive free cash flow usage, should drive "significant" earnings upside and support a "growth company valuation," Jagdale said. JPMORGAN RAISES PRICE TARGET ON NY TIMES: JPMorgan analyst Alexia Quadrani raised her price target for New York Times (NYT) to $32 and reiterated an Overweight rating on the shares ahead of the company's Q3 results. The analyst said that while quarterly subscriber growth may continue to be volatile, the company's longer-term trends are positive. She expects New York Times' growth to "remain at elevated levels for the foreseeable future." SNAP PRICE TARGET CUT AT GOLDMAN SACHS: Goldman Sachs analyst Heath Terry lowered his price target for Snap (SNAP) to $11 from $17, while reiterating a Buy rating on the shares. With Snap shares down 50% since the company reported Q2 results, beyond the broader weakness in social media, the analyst believes investors are clearly focused on the impact competition is having on the company's user growth, ability to monetize, and capital needs. Terry continues to believe that a Twitter-like (TWTR) turnaround is possible, particularly as the new Android app comes out of Alpha later this quarter. However, it is unlikely that Q3 results will show any signs of that as reported DAUs decline and engagement is negatively impacted by the redesign/competition, he said.
Pivotal Research analyst Brian Wieser upgraded Twitter to Hold from Sell while lowering his price target for the shares to $24 from $26. The analyst cites valuation for the upgrade following the recent selloff in the stock.
Loop Capital analyst Alan Gould started Snap with a Hold rating and $7 price target. The company's revenue and user growth have decelerated due to competition, a "controversial" redesign and issues with the Android version of its app, Gould tells investors in a research note. He believes that even if management can revise the app, competition from Instagram may make it difficult for Snap to reaccelerate its growth. However, the analyst adds that with an enterprise value down to $9B, Snap is now small enough to be acquired "if the controlling shareholders are willing sellers and if regulators allow such a deal."
Check out today's top analyst calls from around Wall Street, compiled by The Fly. MICROSOFT UPGRADED TO OUTPERFORM AFTER PULLBACK: Macquarie analyst Sarah Hindlian upgraded Microsoft (MSFT) to Outperform from Neutral and raised her price target on the shares to $121, saying she is taking advantage of the pullback in shares. Hindlian views Microsoft as a relatively defensive name with long-term earnings power and expects a strong start to FY19 following constructive field work. CITI UPGRADES NETFLIX TO BUY: Citi analyst Mark May upgraded Netflix (NFLX) to Buy from Neutral with an unchanged price target of $375. The valuation, following this week's selloff, has reached a level that warrants an "opportunistic" upgrade to Buy, May said. Netflix has a highly recurring subscription-based revenue business that delivers "significant value" to consumers, and its management team has a strong track record of execution, the analyst contended. Further, he believes the company's fundamentals remain strong and that is has opportunity to continue growing international subscribers. SQUARE UPGRADED TO BUY AFTER PULLBACK: Canaccord Genuity analyst Michael Graham upgraded Square (SQ) to Buy from Hold and raised his price target for the shares to $90 from $60. The recent pullback in the shares creates a long-term opportunity in a "truly disruptive and well-run company," Graham said. He believes the departure of CFO Sarah Friar is more about going to a promising company as CEO rather than walking away from a risk. PIVOTAL UPGRADES SNAP TO BUY: Pivotal Research analyst Brian Wieser upgraded Snap (SNAP) to Buy from Hold while lowering his price target for the shares to $8 from $9. The analyst said that despite declining usage and liquidity, the data he looks at is showing a "widening user base, although one which is collectively reducing its time on the platform." It is not too late for management to find ways to reverse recent usage trends and generally improve monetization regardless of those usage trends, Wieser added. Further, the analyst believes Snap could become an attractive candidate to go private with the stock's price at current levels. JPMORGAN DOWNGRADES ESTEE LAUDER TO NEUTRAL: JPMorgan analyst Andrea Teixeira downgraded Estee Lauder (EL) to Neutral and lowered her price target for the shares to $138 from $154. There may be a deceleration in the travel retail channel ahead now that Chinese customs agents are implementing tighter controls at the border, according to local source, Teixeira noted. Further, she believes the de-rating in luxury peers related to the group's "outsized exposure" to Chinese consumers will likely put a cap on Estee Lauder's valuation as well. The analyst also sees less opportunity for earnings beats on margins in the near term given tariff costs.
Catch up on today's top five analyst upgrades with this list compiled by The Fly: 1. Microsoft (MSFT) upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at Macquarie with analyst Sarah Hindlian saying she is taking advantage of the pullback in shares. 2. Netflix (NFLX) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Citi with analyst Mark May saying the valuation, following this week's selloff, has reached a level that warrants an "opportunistic" upgrade to Buy. 3. Square (SQ) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Canaccord with analyst Michael Graham saying the recent pullback in the shares creates a long-term opportunity in a "truly disruptive and well-run company." 4. Snap (SNAP) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Pivotal Research with analyst Brian Wieser saying despite declining usage and liquidity, the data he looks at is showing a "widening user base, although one which is collectively reducing its time on the platform." 5. Costco (COST) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Northcoast. This list is just a portion of The Fly's full analyst coverage. To see The Fly's full Street Research coverage, click here.


Wireless heart rate headphone with Google Assistant.
Elevate your fitness via built-in heart rate monitoring capability with on-demand updates and motivating, wireless sound. Shockproof and IPX5 water-resistant1, the adjustable ear-loop design will stay-put during extended workouts, while up to 6 hours playback2 with quick-charge capability will free your focus towards making the most of your fitness sessions.


text:
Q: SharePoint Online remote authentication Hi I am trying SharePoint Online remote authentication
Followed couple of options as given in the link below
https://paulryan.com.au/2014/spo-remote-authentication-rest/
I am using sharepoint online. Can someone help me do this.

A: You could get c# code here, I used the code before.


Injection moulding specialist Rutland Plastics is a business undaunted by the prospect of positioning itself on the innovation front line.
Its 30 moulding machines, which weigh anywhere between 25 and 1,700 tonnes, produce a diverse range of parts serving a multitude of industries, from medical through to consumer goods and utilities.
Since 2012, the East Midlands-based firm has utilised in-house 3D printing technology supplied by SYS Systems, a UK platinum partner for Stratasys, for everything from design and mouldflow analysis through to prototyping, in-house tool making and injection moulding, ultimately helping to deliver first-class outcomes for its customers.
But it says its most recent investment in additive manufacturing is its most significant to date, to the extent that 3D printing is now an absolutely critical part of its production operation.
Simon Grainger (pictured below), Design and Project Engineering Manager at Rutland Plastics, said: "As a company we've always been at the forefront of technology.
"In 2012 we purchased a Stratasys Connex PolyJet 3D printer from SYS Systems and have recently replaced this with a Fortus 380CF. The reason for choosing it was because it accompanied the introduction we've just made of using collaborative robots.
"The Fortus 380CF is ideal because it can print 30 per cent carbon filled nylon, which is excellent for producing end-of-arm tooling because it's strong and durable but also lightweight, meaning the robots can run faster and we can maximise payload.
"We've been working with SYS Systems for six years now and throughout that time we've had excellent customer service and technical support, and that's why we've continued to use them.
Without the cost normally associated with a high-end printer, the Stratasys Fortus 380 guarantees accurate, reliable, optimum-strength parts using ASA and FDM Nylon 12 Carbon Fiber, a material boasting the highest stiffness-to-weight ratio of any FDM option.
An incredibly light but incredibly tough engineering-grade thermoplastic, carbon fiber gives unparalleled strength for dependable functional prototyping, end-use parts and rugged tooling, often replacing low-volume metal parts.
Such traits make it a popular choice for UAV components and tooling in aerospace, for example, as well as for bumpers, fixtures and brackets in automotive and transportation, in addition to sporting goods and general manufacturing aids.
However, unlike some of its competitors, the Fortus 380CF can do exactly what it promises to, delivering results at a superior level. Its carbon fiber material contains 35 per cent chopped carbon fibres, compared with the 15 per cent figure of its nearest rival, and achieves 30 to 50 per cent higher density on finished parts.
In terms of printing speed, the Fortus 380 is four to five times faster than anything else out there using carbon fiber – but that does not come at the expense of quality. An easily soluble support system allows users to create more complex geometries, with the support material adhering to the build tray. It's a far more reliable method than glueing parts to the bed, which can lead to peeling and movement.
Mr Grainger said: "3D printing gives us greater design flexibility. It allows us to design end-of-arm tooling and jigs and fixtures for their specific purpose, and complexity doesn't increase cost.
"It allows us to incorporate features and mechanisms such as air channels, and we can also use GrabCAD software to pause prints so that we can stop and put components into the actual 3D-printed parts, such as magnets and sensors, and completely encase them.
"Other benefits include being able to produce functional prototypes which allow us to check fit, function and cosmetics.
"This is our first introduction into carbon fiber printing and it's become massively important to the way that we produce all of our jigs and fixtures, and especially end-of-arm tooling.
"Up until now we've never been able to offer low-volume production parts, but the Fortus 380CF allows us to do this to bridge the gap from research and development to production.
Rutland Plastics Managing Director Steve Ayre said: "We've been an SYS customer for seven years and found out about the Fortus 380 during one of our conversations with the team.
"We looked at other packages but found them to be very expensive compared to the Fortus system, plus we felt carbon fiber was more critical to our application.


text:
Saghmosavan (en arménien ) est une communauté rurale du marz d'Aragatsotn, en Arménie. Elle compte  habitants en 2009.

Le monastère de Saghmosavank est situé sur son territoire.

Notes et références

Communauté rurale de l'Aragatsotn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Storm Watch 2022: Time to Stock Up on Home-Improvement Shares?
Report: Pitt QB Nick Patti Did Not Travel to Western Michigan
Travel rebound: 2M go through US airports | News, Sports, Jobs
Supply Chain Problems Mean Buying a Car Sometimes Takes a Plane Ride
Learning to Shop with a Conscience at Luxury Site TOWARD
New Optical Computing Approach Offers Ultrafast Processing
WHO chief: Blanket booster drives risk prolonging pandemic | Health & Fitness
The Guardian view on Britain's electric vehicle industry: slow-motion car crash | Editorial
Dunwoody College of Technology Adds Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Is PayPal Holdings (PYPL) Stock Outpacing Its Computer and Technology Peers This Year?
Dealer sues Nissan: Not enough cars for a nearby new store
China denounces US Senate's $250bn move to boost tech and manufacturing | US news
China has denounced a US Senate bill worth about $250bn (£175n) that aims to boost American technology and manufacturing prowess as an example of the US hyping up "the so-called China threat", and accused Washington of attempting to hinder its development. The Senate on Tuesday overwhelmingly approved the Innovation and […]
China has denounced a US Senate bill worth about $250bn (£175n) that aims to boost American technology and manufacturing prowess as an example of the US hyping up "the so-called China threat", and accused Washington of attempting to hinder its development.
The Senate on Tuesday overwhelmingly approved the Innovation and Competition Act, in a rare show of unity in a chamber often filled with political division between Democrats and Republicans.
The expansive legislation, passed by 68-32 votes, combines various China-related measures into what analysts have called the biggest piece of US industrial policy legislation in decades.
In a scathing statement on Wednesday, the foreign affairs committee of China's ceremonial legislature, the National People's Congress, expressed its "strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition".
It said: "This bill seeks to exaggerate and spread the so-called China threat to maintain global American hegemony, using human rights and religion as excuses to interfere in China's domestic politics, and deprive China of its legitimate development rights."
Separately, at a daily briefing, a foreign ministry spokesperson, Wang Wenbin, said China-related content in the bill was "full of cold war zero-sum thinking" that "distorts the facts [and] smears China's development path and domestic and foreign policies".
Supporters of the bill point to China's similar strategies. Beijing has over the years enacted various policy blueprints intended to enhance its own competitiveness and build its prowess in advanced technologies.
Analysts said the passage of the bill reflected the reality of the US-China bilateral relationship, which has been in a downward trend since Joe Biden's predecessor, Donald Trump, took power in 2017.
"There is no doubt that the one thing that unites Americans [these days] is distrust of China and a determination to compete. The fact that infrastructure talks have stalled but this bill has gone through make this pretty clear," said Leslie Vinjamuri, the director of the US and the Americas programme at the London-based thinktank Chatham House.
But Vinjamuri stressed that this latest move in Washington did not signal what some Chinese analysts called "technology decoupling" between the two countries. "The need to invest in technology and industry is obvious, and it's also good for Americans and good for US elected officials to deliver this," she said.
The bill now heads to the House of Representatives, which earlier passed a different version. The two will have to be reconciled into a single bill before it is sent to the White House for the president's signature.
Biden has said he was "encouraged" by the Senate's passage of the bill. "We are in a competition to win the 21st century, and the starting gun has gone off," he said in a statement.
The centrepiece of the Senate bill is a $50bn emergency allotment to the US commerce department to boost semiconductor development and manufacturing through research and incentive programmes previously authorised by Congress. Overall, the bill would increase spending by about $250bn, with most of the spending occurring in the first five years.
The bill has a number of other China-related provisions, including prohibiting the social media app TikTok from being downloaded on government devices, and would block the purchase of drones manufactured and sold by companies backed by the Chinese government.
It would also allow diplomats and Taiwanese military to display their flag and wear their uniforms while in the US on official businesses, and creates broad new mandatory sanctions on Chinese entities engaged in US cyber-attacks or theft of US intellectual property from US firms. It provides for a review of export controls on items that could be used to support human rights abuses.
Last week Biden signed an executive order that bans Americans from investing in a number of Chinese companies with alleged ties to defence or surveillance technology sectors.
Major Chinese firms included on the previous defence department list were also placed on a updated list, including Huawei Technologies and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC), which is key to China's national drive to boost its domestic chip sector.
Beijing demanded Washington withdraw the order, which will come into effect on 2 August. It also said it was prepared to take "necessary measures to resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises."
With contributions from agencies
Biden-Putin summit, coronavirus news & more: What's trending today
Thu Jun 17 , 2021
CLEVELAND, Ohio – Get the latest coronavirus news from around the world, read about President Biden's meeting in Geneva with Vladimir Putin and see more stories trending online today. Top stories Biden and Putin are about to have a high-stakes meeting: Here's what you need to know (CNBC) Divergent goals […]
nikholas 3 weeks ago
Quantum Computing Is Even More Dangerous Than Artificial Intelligence
Is Microsoft (MSFT) Stock Outpacing Its Computer and Technology Peers This Year?
Startups to test advanced computing technology on lunar missions
These 2 Computer and Technology Stocks Could Beat Earnings: Why They Should Be on Your Radar


text: Q: RabbitMQ and guaranteed, timed delivery Can RabbitMQ guarantee delivery of a message within a specified time interval? In other words, I want to ensure that my messages take no longer than x seconds (where x is a reasonable number) from the publish time to arrive.


text:
Jill Biden: Voters 'disgusted' Trump enlisted foreign help
by: BILL BARROW, Associated Press
Jill Biden speaks after her husband Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden during a bus tour stop, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019, in Mason City, Iowa. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)
PARKERSBURG, Iowa (AP) — Jill Biden said Tuesday that campaigning on her husband's behalf has convinced her that most Americans are "disgusted" with President Donald Trump and his effort to enlist Ukrainian help in discrediting her family.
"People know who Donald Trump is," Jill Biden said in an interview, adding that Trump is offering voters a "distraction" with his accusations that the Bidens engaged in corrupt dealings when son Hunter Biden accepted a lucrative position with a Ukrainian energy firm while his father handled U.S.-Ukraine relations as vice president.
"They know it's a lie," Jill Biden told The Associated Press as she finished four days of campaigning with her husband, Joe Biden, and on her own in the first caucus state of Iowa.
"It's pretty disgusting, as a matter of fact, that our president has invited other countries to get involved in our elections," Jill Biden said. "People are pretty disgusted by that. They don't want foreign interference in our elections."
Of course, that doesn't mean the 2020 spotlight is easy for Hunter, she acknowledged.
"I see Hunter. I know how he's doing. I'm his mother," Jill Biden, 68, said. "There's nothing better than your mom coming up and giving you a hug and saying, 'Honey, I love you and it's going to be OK.' His name is out there day after day after day, with Trump pounding and pounding and pounding. So, you know, I'm a mom. I'm his mom."
Hunter Biden, 49, has admitted exercising "poor judgment" when he accepted a position on a foreign energy board in one of the world's geopolitical hotspots, but he has denied any wrongdoing, and Ukrainian officials have said they found nothing untoward.
However difficult the dynamics are personally, Jill Biden said, she's convinced they fall squarely in Joe Biden's political wheelhouse.
"This election is a referendum on character, and I think people know Joe that way … they know what kind of man he is," she said. "I think they admire Joe, and they want a president they can feel proud of. Joe is that person."
Separately, she also dismissed concerns about whether her 77-year-old husband is up for the job, and she expressed frustrations over the spotlight on his verbal fumbles, noting that she'd just finished a speech in which she had to correct herself after referring to "the NEA" — the National Education Association — instead of "the NRA," the National Rifle Association.
"You're saying your speech over and over again," she said. "On one of my stops today, a woman was talking about how she can't afford her insulin, her pump. They're worried about real problems or how to put food on the table or how to send their kids to college.
"They don't care whether Joe says one thing and then it's another thing. … They know it's a slip of the tongue," she said. "It's solutions they want to hear."
A senior military legal official approved non-capital charges that include conspiracy, murder and terrorism for the three men, who have been in U.S. custody for 17 years for their alleged roles in the deadly bombing of Bali nightclubs in 2002 and a year later of a J.W. Marriott Hotel in Jakarta.


text:
March 5, 2018, 12:43 PM ET
Trial Starting For Attorney Who Claimed He Accidentally Killed Wife, Whom He Owed Over $300,000
Claud "Tex" McIver has already admitted to fatally shooting his wife 2016. Now, a jury must decide if it was murder or an accident.
By Gina Tron
This week kicks off Claud "Tex" McIver's trial, where a jury must decide if he is a murderer or if he simply had an accident. He was a Georgia lawyer who claimed that he accidentally fatally shot his wealthy wife Diane while they were going for a ride with a friend in 2016. Both were in the backseat of their own Ford Explorer, being driven home by a friend after dinner, according to CBS46.
Jury selection began on Monday morning. Watch the court developments live.
McIver, now 75, claimed he only had two sips of wine at the dinner, and got out his gun because thought they were driving through an unsafe area. Then, he said he pulled its trigger while taking a nap in the backseat.
At the time of 64-year-old Diane's death, McIver reportedly owed her $350,000, CBS46 reported.
The state is expected to argue that the widower orchestrated the murder with financial debt as a motive, predicts The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. The defense will likely point to the fact that the couple seemed happy.
"He absolutely worships her," Dani Jo Carter, who was driving the couple's car during the shooting, told police, according to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "Absolutely. They're like, I get jealous sometimes because they were more like lovebirds than my husband and I."
However, prosecutors have said that they will present possibly damning evidence that McIver allegedly tried to tamper with evidence. He allegedly tried to convince Carter to tell police that she wasn't present during the shooting, prosecutors say, according to the AJC.
A reporter from CBS46 previously asked McIver if he killed his wife. His response?
"No ma'am. No. Don't hurt me with that. We were the perfect couple, we really were," he told the outlet.
[Photo: Fulton County Sheriff's Office]
Donald Smith Found Guilty Of Kidnapping, Raping and Murdering Cherish Perrywinkle
Man Threatened Kids Over Posting About Him At Capitol Riot


This morning I had the pleasure of watching my boys first homeschool program. The kids have been learning a few songs (the boys' favorite: Fifty, Nifty United States! - to which they learned all of the states, I never mastered that one myself!) and shared them in about a 20 minute program for their parents and grandparents.


I was recently given the opportunity to review an item from Fashion to Figure, an online and retail store front that brings fashion to those of us size 12+!!
Now, I'm a curvy girl, and I can fit in clothes that most regular store carry, but sometimes there are problems. Things won't button across my chest, won't quite make it over my hips, and sometimes things leave a littttle too much booty on display!!
It was nice to be able to not have to worry about those things when I picked out a dress online, because I knew Fashion to Figure would think of those things!!
I thought a full body of sparkly cheeta print might be a littttle bit much for work, so I actually put a skirt and belt over the dress to break up the pattern a little.
Now it just looks like a sparkly cheeta top! Much more appropriate for work.
But after work....I just left the dress on and put on some higher heels and I was ready for a night out!!
Woot woot! My buns are covered but I still think I looked gooood :) The pattern was very flattering, helped hide some problem areas!! My only complaint about this dress is that I did end up with a lot of loose sparkles on my skin and such through out the day, but I guess that's inevitable.
In the end hubby and I were too hot and tired from work to go out to the melting pot, so we opted for dominos and a movie night in :) But, next time I have a girls night or bachelorette party to attend, I know what I'll be wearing!!!
I'm linking up to The Pleated Poppy and Momma Go Round.
It is a super cute look - both ways! I'll be checking them out.
such a cute outfit girl!
LOVE, LOVE, LOVE! It is all fabulous!
I would be absolutely honored to have you link this up on my Casual Friday link up party starting today, it would be perfect!


text:
(-) Remove August 2013 filter August 2013
For two Yale quantum physicists, an honor from the north
Yale Rep's new season promises 'explosive' drama and 'savagely funny' plays
The world premiere of a play based on Shakespeare's "Much Ado About Nothing" and a re-staging of Tennessee Williams' classic play "A Streetcar Named Desire" will be among the 2013-2014 season's offerings at the Yale Repertory Theatre.The season line-up is...
The shops at Yale to present open-air pop up market
Yale University statement regarding the Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct Brought Forward from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013
Yale issued the following statement on Aug. 2 regarding the Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct Brought Forward from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013:Sexual misconduct is a serious problem, not only on Yale's campus but also on college and...
Deep past offers clues into climate-driven biotic shifts
Liman Program publishes research on policies governing isolation in state and federal prisons
Drug preserves beta cells in new cases of type 1 diabetes
Marjorie: Breast and cervical cancer survivor
Four incoming rowers head to World Rowing Junior Championships
Trzybinski wins gold at U23 World Championships
Bill Hathaway (4) Apply Bill Hathaway filter
Karen N. Peart (2) Apply Karen N. Peart filter
Brenda Naegel (1) Apply Brenda Naegel filter
Hellen Hom-Diamond (1) Apply Hellen Hom-Diamond filter
Stacey Bonet (1) Apply Stacey Bonet filter
Campus (44) Apply Campus filter
World (16) Apply World filter


Here you will get the CBSE Class 9 Science Solved Practice Paper for the Summative Assessment-II, 2016-2017. All the questions are fresh and important from exam point of view and are provided with an apt explanation. This paper will also make you familiar with the latest CBSE Exam Pattern.
Unique solutions to all the questions are provided to give the students a clear idea about what and how much must be written in the Class 9th Science SA – II Examination 2016 – 17 to score optimum.
Q. Give two examples of class amphibia.
(a) The number of atoms in a molecule of an element is called its atomicity.
Q. What is SONAR? Explain its use.
Sonar is an acronym for Sound Navigation And Ranging. Sonar is a device installed in a boat or a ship that consists of transmitter and detector. The transmitter produces and transmits ultrasonic waves. These waves fall on the seabed and get reflected back which is then sensed by the detector. The job of the detector is to convert ultrasonic waves into the electrical signals.
The uses of sonar are to determine depth of sea, locate sunken ships, cargos, icebergs and submarines.
Q. State the major characteristics considered for classifying the organisms.
(i) Nature of cell: It includes presence or absence of membrane bound cell organelles, which is the fundamental characteristic for classification. On this basis, the organism are classified as eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
(ii) Cellularity: Single cell and multiple cells are the second characteristics. Unicellular organism are made of one cell and multicellular are made of many cells.
(iii) Mode of nutrition: The ability to manufacture their own food or get them from other organisms also is a distinguishable feature.
Q. Raju used to supply milk in a locality. Though he claimed that he supplied pure milk, many people complained that his supply contained adulterated milk. To help people in his neighbourhood, Sourabh put the milk to test in a lactometer and proved Raju wrong.
(i) What is a lactometer?
(ii) State the principle on which a lactometer works.
(iii) What values are exhibited by Varun?
(i) A lactometer is a device that is used to measure the density of milk. It can be used to test milk adulteration.
(ii) A lactometer works on the principle of specific gravity of milk.
(iii) Sourabh is an alert and caring citizen. He is aware that the public is being fooled by Raju. Therefore, tested the milk to prove that Raju is lying.
Q. What is audible range of frequency for human beings? How does bat catch its prey?
Audible range of frequency of humans is 20 Hz to 20, 000Hz.
Bats can emit ultrasonic waves from their mouths, which when touch the prey, get reflected back to the bat. By hearing these echoes off of objects around them, bats can adjudge the distance and direction of the prey thus find out the way to navigate and capture their food.
Q. (a) Briefly explain why some objects sink but others float when immersed in a liquid.
(a) Objects having density more than that of density of liquid will sink in the liquid when immersed whereas the objects having density lower than that of the liquid will float when immersed in that liquid.
Bouyany force acting on an object in water is equal to the weight of water displaced by that object.
Q. Which of the following is a warm - blooded animal?
Explanation: Humans are endotherms or warm blooded animals that can maintain their body temperature when external temperature changes.
(b) Directly changes from solid to vapours without melting.
Explanation: Ammonium chloride decomposes into the gases ammonia and hydrogen chloride upon heating.
Q. When dipped in a fluid, name the factor on which the loss in weight of a solid depends. Name the two forces which act upon the solid dipped in the fluid.
Upward thrust or buoyant force acting vertically upwards.


text:
Q: Android fragments looks overhead MainActivity has 2 buttons and when I click the buttons I want 2 fragments to appear in the same page.But when I click on itsMeContact button, it comes up, but when I click on the PhoneContact button, I overwrite the other one.
MainActivity.java
 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

Button itsMeContact,phoneContact;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    itsMeContact= (Button) findViewById(R.id.its_me_contact);
    phoneContact= (Button) findViewById(R.id.phone_contact);

    itsMeContact.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {

            FragmentManager manager = getFragmentManager();
            UserFragment userFragment = new UserFragment();
            FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
            transaction.add(R.id.frame_layout, userFragment, "userFragment");

            transaction.commit();
        }
    });

    phoneContact.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            FragmentManager manager = getFragmentManager();
            FragmentB fragmentB = new FragmentB();
            FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
            transaction.add(R.id.frame_layout, fragmentB, "fragg");

            transaction.commit();
        }
    });

}

}

UserFragment.java
 public class UserFragment extends Fragment {
RecyclerView recyclerView ;
UserAdapter userAdapter ;
ArrayList<Person> arrayList ;
private LinearLayoutManager layoutManager;
Button itsMeContact,phoneContact;

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_user,container,false);

    recyclerView =  view.findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
    itsMeContact= view.findViewById(R.id.its_me_contact);

    layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
    layoutManager.scrollToPosition(0);
    layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
    recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
    arrayList=new ArrayList<Person>();

    initial();

    return view;
}

private void initial() {
    Factory.getInstance().user().enqueue(new Callback<List<User>>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call<List<User>> call, Response<List<User>> response) {
            // textView.setText(response.body().get(0).name);
            userAdapter= new UserAdapter(response.body(), getActivity());
            recyclerView.setAdapter(userAdapter);

        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call<List<User>> call, Throwable t) {

        }
    });

}

}

FragmentB.java
 public class FragmentB extends Fragment {
TextView textView;

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_fragment_b,container,false);
    textView=view.findViewById(R.id.textView);
    textView.setText("naber");

    return  view;
}

}
Your advice important for me !
Thank you very much
My app:
enter image description here

A: Each Fragment transaction you did use the same framelayout : "R.id.frame_layout".
So this is normal if "it looks overhead". If you want 2 fragments displayed in a same layout, you should use 2 differents framelayout.