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Trademarks & Design 3 July 2019
Adidas' three-stripe trademark invalid
In 2014, Adidas registered a figurative trademark with the European Union Intellectual Property Office, consisting of "three parallel equidistant stripes of identical width, applied to the product in any direction", reproduced in the application for registration as follows:
However, shortly after registration, a Belgian company applied for a declaration of invalidity on the grounds that the mark lacked distinctive character and the EUIPO had accepted the application, declaring the trademark invalid.
Adidas opposed that first decision, claiming that the mark had acquired distinctive character through use (so-called "secondary meaning"), in accordance with the provisions of Articles 7(3) and 59(2) of Regulation 2017/1001.
The EUIPO Board of Appeal, having examined the evidence produced by Adidas, found that it had not been established that the contested trademark had acquired distinctive character within the European Union, and that it was therefore invalid because it lacked distinctive character.
Adidas once again opposed this decision, but the European Union General Court, with its recent ruling of 16 June 2019, has now confirmed the decision of the EUIPO Second Board of Appeal and reaffirmed the invalidity of the trademark.
Adidas claimed to the EU Court that the EUIPO Board of Appeal had wrongly excluded numerous pieces of evidence in its assessment of the acquisition of distinctiveness of the mark, and that it had wrongly considered that there had been no proof of distinctiveness throughout the European Union.
With reference to the first point, the Court found that the EUIPO Board had correctly assessed the concept of "use of permissible variants", noting that much of the evidence produced by Adidas in this regard was not applicable.
Permissible variants consist in the use by the proprietor of trademarks that are highly similar to the formally registered one, and which differ only in elements which do not lead to an alteration of the distinctive character.
As the Adidas mark is an extremely simple mark, composed of three equally spaced lines on a white background, any slight alteration would lead to the loss of distinctive character of the trademark. Therefore, many of the items of evidence, such as those depicting the same mark but in inverted colours or those depicting the stripes in an oblique version, were excluded for the purposes of assessment, since they were different from the registered trademark.
As far as the second point was concerned, Adidas claimed that the numerous proofs submitted should be evaluated overall and independently of the colour, length and angle of the stripes depicted, and that the evidence was sufficient to demonstrate that Adidas had acquired the ability to use the mark for the identification of their products throughout Europe.
However, regarding this aspect as well, the EU General Court held that the EUIPO Board had correctly decided to exclude most of the evidence for the reasons described above, and that the other evidence submitted, such as data on revenues, opinion polling, expenditures for marketing and advertising, was also insufficient to demonstrate that the figurative mark had acquired distinctiveness through use for the whole of the European Union.
The evidence submitted by Adidas was considered sufficient to determine the acquisition of "distinctive capacity" in only five of the EU Member States but not throughout the Union.
In accordance with what had already been decided by the EUIPO, the Court therefore dismissed Adidas' appeal, upholding the previous decision concerning the invalidity of the three-stripe trademark.
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Legislative Decree no. 15 of 20 February 2019
Legislative Decree no. 15 of 20 February 2019, which came into force on 23 March 2019, introduces...
The trademark is registrable only if it has acquired distinctive character throughout the European Union
Trademarks & Design
The acquired distinctiveness of a trademark
McDonald's has lost the right to the trademark 'Big Mac'
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As an entry-level entrepreneur, you're hoping to open up a business. Perhaps you know exactly what you want to sell. Or, maybe you're still figuring that out. Either way, you are curious to understand the best location to set up shop – somewhere your business is sure to be successful.
Miami is the top choice because it beats out other cities in eight of the categories listed above. The city rates number one in rate of new entrepreneurs and second in startup density. For every 1,000-employer business in the city, 108 are employer startup firms that are less than a year old. Furthermore, Miami's infrastructure and pollution levels are among the best in the country.
If you're looking for a warm climate, consider starting your business in Florida. It could be the perfect place to sell your product or service, especially if it's good for hotter locales! Just make sure you look at a business insurance quote prior to opening up shop. That way, you're sure to minimize risk in your venture.
It's no surprise New York city made the list. The big apple has long been known as the land of opportunity. With its multitude of people and compact streets, it's the perfect place to open up a small business.
The city shells out the highest employee payroll: $531.9 billion per year. Furthermore, it has a lot of money to spend as it runs second in VC investment and is home to 410 new entrepreneurs out of 100,000 adults every month.
Expecting L.A. to make the list? Well, you're in luck. Los Angeles is a major hub for entertainment. But the area is also flush with money and ideas, which makes it a great place to open up a business in 2018. In fact, its rate of new entrepreneurs is the highest in the country. A shocking 560 out of 100,000 adults become entrepreneurs every month.
Yes, it's Houston, baby. The city lands at number four, soaring in the rankings in six categories. The metropolis is great in terms of tax friendliness and has a high annual payroll. Additionally, it's a good hub for entrepreneurs, with 400 new ones each month.
If you're looking for a place that's warm and home to amazing food and culture, then Houston is your best bet to start your business.
Another great city to open your company in is San Francisco. The beautiful landscape isn't the only reason why. The rising tech industry in the area is great if you're looking to open up a tech business, but it's also great for so much more. If anything, it's more of a talent hub than anything. From startups to long-standing companies, the city is center to so many different professions.
Like New York, the VC investments transfer to high employee payrolls. Not to mention, it's one of the happiest cities in the U.S., with an average of eight out of ten homeowners in the region claiming it's the best city to live in in the U.S. So, if you're looking to be happy and be surrounded by talent, SF is the way to go.
Depending on what kind of business you want to start, these locations are some of your best options. But even if you don't live or work in one of these areas, don't fret. There are always opportunities to go after if you have the drive to achieve. Best of luck!


"This libertarian vs. petty Washington bureaucrat showdown started about a year ago. My neighbors, Mrs. Bratt (maiden name), an administrator at George Washington University, and Mr. Powers, who works at the Federal Election Commission, spent a year complaining to the condominium board, and hired a "secondhand smoke expert" to conduct tests and write a 150-page report. Then they finally sued me for one million dollars for smoking in my very own, fully owned, condo — in a building that is not a non-smoking building. Let me repeat: not only did I not break any laws, but I didn't even break any condominium rules."
Law and Ethics--A Great Divorce?


Emory Long-Term Acute Care accepts most insurance plans, provided we receive proof of coverage. Once we have verified your insurance, a claim is issued for total charges. Your insurance company calculates the payment amount and pays us accordingly. In addition to this payment, your insurance company provides us with an explanation of benefits and your required amount.


Calvin Maduro, born Septmber 5, 1974 in the Dutch Antilles in the island of Aruba, is not by anything we could find, related to the dictator of Venezuela, Nicolas Madura — it was admittedly a long shot.
Calvin is six feet tall, bats right, throws right and was a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles but as since retired and now is a scout for the team. His legal residence is in Glen Burnie, Maryland. As a pitcher his stats are very unimpressive with with 10 wins and 19 loses. his ERA was an abysmal 5.78.
We have rectified him to Cancer 10 and think that his chart would have made him a better catcher than pitcher but it seems that his semi-Grand Trine in Fire was what propelled him onto the mound. The problem there is that it uses the North Node in the sixth, a rather weak mathematical symbol and nothing concrete, but does show how the Orioles farm league made the decision of what position he would play and did not give him a true fleshing out.
That is rather odd as the Orioles have traditionally had a good farm system, but then it may have been a situation of bad timing and Madura with a 10 Cancer ascendant, like so many players eager to make the Big Show, would not have registered too many complaints.
He is a Splash Temperament type and we believe that this and his own bad experience makes him good in his new career where he has a greater voice (Neptune in the sixth) in his and his findings future. We wish him all the best.


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Celebrating Ten Years of Collaboration
The Milwaukee Health Care Partnership is a forum for collaboration; serving as a convener, catalyst, clearinghouse, broker, and advocate for improving health care for vulnerable populations. Each year, more than 100 health care leaders and providers participate in Partnership programs that are reducing fragmentation, increasing accountability and transparency — and creating a healthier future for Milwaukee.
Milwaukee health systems pool resources to create the Partnership and a Shared Community Investment Fund
Completed a Primary Care Access Study revealing a 54% gap in access to healthcare in Milwaukee's 10 high poverty zip codes
Implemented the Emergency Department Care Coordination initiative across multiple emergency departments to connect low-income patients to primary care and reduce avoidable ED visits.
Partnered with the Public Policy Forum and other partners for the first of three community-wide studies aimed at redesigning the behavioral health care delivery system and improving access to care
Launched the Specialty Access for the Uninsured Program to create barrier-free access for uninsured patients served at Federally Qualified Health Centers and safety net clinics
Emergency Department Care Coordination study showed a 44% reduction in subsequent ED visits by patients linked to primary care medical homes
Milwaukee health systems published the first shared Community Health Needs Assessment in partnership with local health departments in Milwaukee County.
Expanded the work of the Milwaukee Enrollment Network (MKEN) – a collaboration of nearly 100 organizations working to enroll residents in Medicaid and Marketplace coverage and reduce the uninsured rate.
Community and Population Health added to the Partnership's goals to reflect the intersection of health care with broader community concerns such as early childhood education, behavioral health and infant mortality
Recognized by the White House as the top performing metro area in the nation for Marketplace enrollment, MKEN members helped fuel a 6% increase in coverage the following enrollment period
The Shared Community Investment Fund exceeds $25 million in aligned funding toward a community-wide health improvement plan since 2007

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


While there are 35 remaining OSTP members across all departments, it's a big drop from the more than 100 staffers the office employed during the Obama administration.
We know this administration has a controversial relationship with science. Climate change skeptic Scott Pruitt runs the Environmental Protection Agency, and President Trump created an uproar when he recently announced that the US would withdraw from the Paris climate agreement.
So why are we talking about this? Well, this closure could really affect women, and not in a great way. This was the department that led policy for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) fields, biotechnology, and crisis response. Women in tech are already a minority, with only 25 percent of computer jobs being held by women. Now that the White House OSTP department has closed, we've lost a key authority to help recruit and keep women in STEM careers.
The timing is not great. We've all been following the ongoing conversations about the toxic culture that Silicon Valley's tech bro culture can foster — most recently, workplace scandals at Uber that culminated in CEO Travis Kalanick's indefinite leave of absence. One of the reasons that this anti-woman culture is able to flourish is because girls and women aren't entering STEM fields as often as men. Those that do are leaving in droves due to harassment and the dude-bro atmosphere.
But here's the really important part: Fewer women in these fields means bad news for the rest of us. Simply put, a diverse field means a diversity of experience and perspective to enrich innovation. Not having that diversity in place can be literally deadly.
Think we're kidding? Women were killed by the first generation of airbags because the designers and engineers forgot that women are generally shorter than men and are closer to the steering wheel. For decades, heart disease and heart attacks were considered a guy's problem and, as such, most research focused on them and not enough on women.
Without women in these fields, a lot of medical, scientific, and technological research might omit us. Change usually comes from the top down, but with no one at the science division of the OSTP to create change, women are the ones who will lose out.
What's your take on the future of women in STEM? Tell us @BritandCo!


text:
Q: SQL Server 2008 - basic question on shredding XML I'm somewhat new to using XML in sql server, and am having a problem getting the syntax right - and for that matter, probably have some basic confusion about referencing XML elements.
Anyway, I'll need to shred XML like the below out into columns.  Seems simple, but I can't seem to get the nodes right - or for that matter I don't think I'm doing the xmlnamespaces correctly either.  I haven't found much that's helpful online yet.  Would greatly appreciate any hints!
thanks,
Sylvia
DECLARE @pStepLogXML  xml;
select     @pStepLogXML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Sample XML file generated by XMLSpy v2010 (http://www.altova.com)-->
<Applescommon:ActivityStepLogList xsi:schemaLocation="urn:SampleCompany:Apples:common:v1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:Applescommon="urn:SampleCompany:Apples:common:v1">
    <Applescommon:ActivityStepLog>
        <Applescommon:GUID>3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3301</Applescommon:GUID>
        <Applescommon:ContextID>3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3302</Applescommon:ContextID>
        <Applescommon:LogType>PreStep</Applescommon:LogType>
        <Applescommon:SourceID>com.SampleCompany.e3.es.Apples.common.ApplesCommonMessageHandler.processMessage</Applescommon:SourceID>
        <Applescommon:LogContent><![CDATA[
<TestXML><XXXXXX></TestXML>
        ]]></Applescommon:LogContent>
        <Applescommon:LogTime>2001-12-17T09:30:47Z</Applescommon:LogTime>
    </Applescommon:ActivityStepLog>
    <Applescommon:ActivityStepLog>
        <Applescommon:GUID>3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3303</Applescommon:GUID>
        <Applescommon:ContextID>3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3302</Applescommon:ContextID>
        <Applescommon:LogType>PostStep</Applescommon:LogType>
        <Applescommon:SourceID>com.SampleCompany.e3.es.Apples.common.ApplesCommonMessageHandler.processMessage</Applescommon:SourceID>
        <Applescommon:LogContent><![CDATA[
<TestXML><XXXXXX></TestXML>
        ]]></Applescommon:LogContent>
        <Applescommon:LogTime>2001-12-17T09:30:47Z</Applescommon:LogTime>
    </Applescommon:ActivityStepLog>
</Applescommon:ActivityStepLogList>';

with xmlnamespaces (default 'urn:Applescommon:ActivityStepLogList:v1')
select
   --convert(varchar(64), MyTables.MyColumns.value('Applescommon:GUID/text()', n'nvarchar(100)')
   -- MyTable.MyColumns.value('Applescommon:GUID/text()', N'nvarchar(50)') AS Test,
   --,
   1
from @pStepLogXML.nodes('/Applescommon:ActivityStepLog' )
    as T(c)

EDIT:
Okay, figured it out.  I basically had the xmlnamespaces and nodes completely messed up.  I thought I copied them (changing them appropriately) from code that worked, so if anyone would care to point me to a good coherent explanation of these, I'll give them answer credit.
Also, I wasn't having problems with getting the column data, so I just put 1 for a placeholder - below I actually put one of the real columns.
Thanks for reading!
Sylvia
with xmlnamespaces (default 'urn:SampleCompany:Apples:common:v1')
select
   --convert(varchar(64), MyTables.MyColumns.value('Applescommon:GUID/text()', n'nvarchar(100)')
   -- MyTable.MyColumns.value('Applescommon:GUID/text()', N'nvarchar(50)') AS Test,
   --,
   T.c.query('SourceID/text()')
   ,1
from @pStepLogXML.nodes('/ActivityStepLogList/ActivityStepLog' )
    as T(c)

A: XQuery isn't easy, until you get the hang of it - I don't really have a "magic" site that just tells you everything and then you know.... the best intro article I read was
SQL Server 2005 XQuery and XML-DML  (a 3-part article series)
and also:  An Introduction to XQuery in SQL Server 2005
Most of all: practice, practice, practice :-) Nothing new, right??
Now your last query is OK - but you could make it even easier:
with xmlnamespaces (default 'urn:SampleCompany:Apples:common:v1')
select
   T.C.value('(GUID)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS Test,
   T.C.value('(ContextID)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS ContextID,
   T.C.value('(SourceID)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)') AS SourceID,
   --,
   1
from
    @pStepLogXML.nodes('/ActivityStepLogList/ActivityStepLog') as T(c)

Using the .value() function (instead of .query()) gives you the "atomic" values right away, and you can also define what output data type that value should be.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We have Family Fun Night at church tonight. I announced to everyone when Logan and I returned to from therapy this morning what had to be finished in order for us to go.
Guess who started his schoolwork already? And on his own with no prompts other than the grand announcement.
I will probably still make some declaratives this afternoon. I have a list as well (which didn't include blogging lol). I will self talk out loud as I go through my list to see if he keeps to his as well. So, I will role model it as I guide him. I'll post tomorrow about the results!


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The Expanse Season Five: Episodes 1-3
Alex Doenau December 17, 2020 Sci-Fi/Fantasy, TV
"Exodus", "Churn", "Mother"
Possibly the best thing that Jeff Bezos has ever done is bring The Expanse TV series back from the brink of extinction simply because he wanted to see more of it. The insane whims of billionaires should always be pointed in that sort of direction, because it is the one that bears the most fruit and hurts the fewest people. Though it has been recently announced that The Expanse ends (or "goes on hold") after season six (out of a potential nine), we've got two entire books worth of story to tell.
Season five is based largely on Nemesis Games, the book where shit gets real. A lot has happened in the series to date, but this particularly story raises the stakes to an intense degree. In the first three episodes of Season Five, handily released together before the show switches to a weekly onslaught, we have the prelude to all bets being off – and, with some of the changes afoot, not even a dedicated book reader can see all of this coming.
The initial set of Expanse coverage does not contain heavy spoilers – this is subject to change as the season progresses. This piece should be pretty safe if you've seen up to the end of season four – and can handle cryptic references to the book series.
"Exodus", written by Executive Producer Naren Shankar, kicks off with the crew of the Rocinante already separated: with the ship in dry dock, Amos has unfinished business on Earth and Alex wants to check in on things on Mars and have a beer with Bobbie. Fairly soon thereafter a surprisingly forthcoming Naomi reveals her intention to track down her estranged son Filip, leaving Holden alone with a mystery furnished by his season three tagalong, Monica Stuart. Meanwhile, a freshly diminished Avasarala has been banished to Luna, where she struggles to get anyone to listen to her warnings.
The following two episodes, "Churn" written by book creators Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck, and "Mother", written by Executive Producer Dan Nowak (and directed by erstwhile Miller Thomas Jane), continue the threads. The episodes are discreet, but read as a triple threat.
Following on from the largely isolated "the quarry season", The Expanse is keen to show the viewer new and exciting things across multiple environments. It starts by reintroducing us to Tycho Station, and affords the audience a closer look at the the mechanism it uses to work on the ships it builds and repairs. Holden and Fred Johnson get to travel in pods against an advanced form of rear projection that either looks good or like an on rails shooter or music video of yesteryear depending on where your fancy takes you. It feels like a fresh new location for the show, particularly when you have people walking on ceilings while others walk on floors, and it allows us to have a refreshing amount of face time between Holden and the often under-utilised Chad L. Coleman as Fred. Fred has never had the gravitas on the screen as he has on the page — possibly at least in part so that Avasarala could be beefed up — so it's good to finally give him a chance.
Another fascinating change in the Tycho scenario is that the show finally introduces Bull (José Zúñiga), in the role that Drummer played in the book. Turnabout is, of course, fair play, as Drummer performed Bull's designated role in season three. Bull is more casually racist and disturbingly contemptuous of Belters than you'd expect of someone in the position, but Holden might get lonely otherwise.
We see more of Mars than we got to see in the Gods of Risk inspired Bobbie segments in season four, and it is curious to see the nation planet in decline: like a multi-storey shopping mall in the gradual process of being decommissioned, rather than a metropolis brung low. It's a far cry from the Mars described in the books as an indoor emulation of the dream of a new Earth, but the production design is communicated in other ways: the cowboy aesthetic of the denizens of Mariner Valley shines through in a completely unhinged way at the Los Compadres bar, and on the upper side of the echelon there is the hideous opulence of a real wooden bar, where the wine is presumably made from real grapes.
It's this sort of attention to detail that then translates into character moments that speak to the spacer nature of these people. When Holden leaves a bowl of noodles half-eaten, it is a matter of moments before Monica chooses not to let them go to waste. It is things like this, the open homeyness of the family ship that Drummer finds herself on, and the showers of The Lazy Songbird, that make The Expanse breathe.
But beyond this, we get two entirely new locations: Luna, where Avasarala is exiled to a bar like a hangar, and Baltimore, where Wes Chatham gets to expand Amos' range in a most rewarding way. Bathed in the blue light of The Expanse's terrestrial planets, the Rocinante's resident monster on a leash finally gets to explore his past (already familiar to those who have read the novella The Churn, from which the second episode takes its title). Ultimately this season will belong to Amos and Naomi, so it's important that Chatham can literally carry the weight of the world. Chatham has a way with a glassy eye and hidden inner workings, and the discovery of these depths in Amos is tickling in a way that someone less in tune with their character could not produce.
Naomi, of course, is on her own journey — and one slightly divergent from that which we're used to — but we can tackle that in future reviews. She's on her way somewhere, and it will be fundamental to the story, just not yet.
The Expanse only lets one piece of real world flotsam touch it: this is the first story in which Alex takes an active role rather than a supporting one, and it unfortunately coincides with the news that Cas Anvar has been ejected from the role due to alleged sexual misconduct. It makes the character less sympathetic and, when he's chatting up Lt. Babbage (Lara Jean Chorostecki), he comes across downright sleazy. Hopefully it's an aura that can dissipate as the series progresses, because Anvar has to carry more of the show than viewers are used to. It's no fault of the production – and by all accounts they appear to have acquitted themselves well in a difficult situation – but it must have been awkward to have the entire season in the bag in the scenario. That Alex's plot is shared with Bobbie helps, because Frankie Adams has long been one of the best parts of the series (pro-tip: Bobbie and Avasarala are the best Expanse characters in any medium), but Anvar gets more significant screen time here than he has at any other time to date.
If you've read the books, you can probably guess what happens in episode three, and why they chose to launch the season in such a specific block. There are actual laws holding Batrock dot net back from disclosing any information, but yes: the Fishfinder 5000 does indeed get its moment in the sun.
The first three episodes of The Expanse Season Five are cumulative. It makes perfect sense that they were released this way; if this review reads like table setting, it's because this trio is largely the same, but what a table it sets: The Expanse is about to get real.
Book Review: Recursion — Blake Crouch
By Alex Doenau June 26, 2019
My Name is Earl Season 3: ...
By Alex Doenau September 29, 2007
Should we go outside?
By Alex Doenau May 16, 2007


Love when I can manage to share a nice breakfast with my better half – unfortunately, it doesn't happen every day. I see that as a chance to spend some extra time together, talk about the day ahead, and share nourishing food… or even try new recipes! This is what happened with these brownies. I have prepared them a few weeks ago trying to get a nice texture with some specific ingredients: the first time they turned out too dry, but definitely promising! The second time they were delicious: moist but not too chewy, with a lovely crust, but not too dry. We enjoyed them as part of our breakfast (with a smoothie), and as a dessert to share after dinner.
Blend beans, cashew drink, and ginger into a smooth paste. Place it in a large bowl and add all the other ingredients (add the baking powder at the end) – mix well until there are no lumps. Pour the batter into the pan, then smooth the top with a spatula or a spoon. Cook in a preheated oven for approx. 20-25 minutes at 180°C – they will be ready when the top is firm and you start to get a nice crust. Allow the brownies to cool down before cutting them into squares.
You can serve them with Greek yogurt, cinnamon, and raspberries on top.


text:
You are here: Home › News › 2017 › 03 › 24 › Over 50s Retreat To Focus On Spirit Filled Life
Over 50s retreat to focus on spirit-filled life
Major Win Barker will be leading an over-50s spiritual retreat. Major Barker has been leading retreats for more than 17 years, like this crafting camp from 2014.
By Jessica Morris
Major Win Barker believes ministry is a life-long calling, which is why she, her husband Cedric and Captain June Knop have organised an over-50s spiritual retreat this weekend in Marysville, Victoria.
With the theme, "Ever learning at his feet", the weekend will be a reflection of all Major Barker has learnt during her 60 years of ministry as a Salvation Army officer, and a time of nourishment, enrichment and affirmation.
"The whole idea is that the Kingdom of God is within you," she says. "We're talking about prayer, the possibilities of the spirit-filled life, and June is speaking on the power to live a spirit-filled life."
The retreat, being held at El Kanah Lodge in Marysville, 100km north-east of Melbourne, will bring together 19 people from corps across Melbourne.
"There are not too many people my age who actually know who they are in Christ and how God looks at them," says Major Barker. "Christ is even in those who think they are not special and [wants us to] realise what the possibilities are, even at our age!"
Major Win Barker will lead an over-50s spiritual retreat this weekend.
As members of the Senior's Standing Committee, coordinators of Marriage and Enrichment retreats and activities for 17 years, as well as having appointments in corps, aged care, children's homes and doing industry chaplaincy, the Barkers love to throw themselves into new challenges and opportunities.
"Any chance I have to do something like this, I'm there," says Major Barker. "There's not a lot of opportunity for [seniors] who are ready to receive teaching with like-minded people."
The Salvation Army has changed dramatically since Major Barker's commissioning in the 1957 Swordbearerssession. However, she has remained close to numerous members of her session and celebrated their 60th reunion earlier this year, giving her pause to reflect on the Army's future.
"I believe that if every officer and soldier was baptised in the Holy Spirit, as happened during those first years [of the Army], halls would be packed with people seeking to obtain the same blessing," she said.
She says this weekend will give over 50s the chance to rediscover the Holy Spirit. "It's going to be an exciting time and I'm apprehensive about what the spirit is going to do."
Pipeline Online/Region/Divisional
elkanahlodge,
lifelongcalling,
spiritualretreat,
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Two light, crispy wafers with the finest lemon cream filling form the icing on the cake and your sundae. Thanks to its extra width, this refreshing wafer speciality is perfect as a spoon. Of course, you can also enjoy it just by itself. The fruity, fresh and fruity lemon cream filling is made using real lemon juice and essential oils from Sicilian lemons. These fruits, pampered by the sun, give this wafer creation its distinctive sweet and sour flavour.


Got a question about our Networked VGA Grid? Check out our quick answer guide.
The VGA Grid comes with a single 6 TB HDD for recordings. This can be upgraded to include more storage, use RAID arrays, or can be changed out for SSD instead of spinning drives.
While the VGA Grid has no set limitations on how many video sources can be combined into a single multi-source layout, each multi-source channel requires the VGA Grid Concentrator to decode and re-encode the sources that are part of the channel. The CPU overhead caused by decoding and re-encoding can be high. Therefore we recommend not making more than a handful of multi-source layouts. The maximum number you can create without impacting quality depends on the number of sources in each channel and channel configurations such as bit rate, frame size, and whether or not the VGA Grid needs to do any scaling.
The Networked VGA Grid Solution supports connection of 64 VGA Grid HD Encoders each of which can capture and encode a two video sources (1 HD and 1 SD) and a single (stereo) audio source. All 64 of these channels can be streamed and recorded simultaneously.
Can I connect a VGA Grid HD Encoder to a VGA Grid or only to a VGA Grid Concentrator?
Can I use a VGA Grid HD Encoder by itself to stream or record?
No. The VGA Grid HD Encoder works only in conjunction with a VGA Grid Concentrator. Epiphan's has a variety of other streaming and recording products are designed to perform capture, encoding, recording and streaming as standalone units. See the catalogue here.
Does the VGA Grid Concentrator offer centralized management for all of the connected VGA Grid HD Encoders?
Yes. The VGA Grid Concentrator acts as a single management point for all connected VGA Grid HD Encoders. Changes to VGA Grid HD Encoder settings (e.g. frame size, bitrate, etc.) are made in the VGA Grid Concentrator control interface which then forwards them to the corresponding VGA Grid HD Encoder. Similarly, a status screen of the VGA Grid Concentrator displays status and alarms for all of the connected VGA Grid HD Encoders.
The amount of storage required depends on the number of channels, the bitrate of those channels, and the amount of time for which the channels need to be recorded. The bitrate for each channel is configurable. Summing the bitrates for all channels and then multiplying by the amount of recording time gives a good approximation of the storage required.
The VGA Grid Concentrator can support many (100+) simultaneous streaming clients using unicast connectivity to each of them. It supports multicast and RTSP/RTMP for connection to video servers (e.g. Wowza) or Content Delivery Networks to support streaming to a very large number clients.


Joel Walker claimed his maiden Challenge Tour title on Sunday evening at the Metrodome in Barnsley.
The former Q-School graduate and Welsh Open Quarter-Finalist traveled to the seventh leg of this second-tier tour ranked joint 18th on the Order of Merit. His previous best this season was a Last 8 finish at Event 1 in Burton; he comfortably surpassed that in South Yorkshire.
The 24-year-old narrowly defeated Joshua Cooper 3-2 in the opening round before eliminating Matthew Glasby 3-1 in the Last 32 to book his place for the second and final day.
Returning Sunday he had to hold his nerves on more than one occasion when eventually seeing off France's Brian Ochoiski, Leo Fernandez and then Event 3 winner Barry Pinches, all via deciding frames.
In an all-English climax he faced fellow debut finalist 17-year-old Jenson Kendrick, who had surprised some with a run which included victories over Kevin Van Hove (Belgium) 3-0 in the Quarters and Event 1 champion Brandon Sargeant 3-1 in the Semis.
However, Walker denied the teenager the trophy as he confirmed a 3-0 final success to secure the glory. The £2,000 he banks pushes him up into fifth on the rankings list with £2,950 in total.
Despite a Last 32 exit at the hands of Fernandez, multiple tour victor David Grace holds onto top spot with £5,650. Possession of the second promotion place did change hands, though, as Sargeant jumped Event 4 conquerer Mitchell Mann (who lost in the Last 32 to Sydney Wilson).
Barry Pinches remains in fourth, whilst a Quarter-Final outing for Event 5 champion David Lilley keeps him in sixth.
There are just three more events of the Challenge Tour campaign. The next leg will take place at the end of November in Hungary.
To view all of this weekend's results,please visit snooker.org here.


The effort to conserve the world's largest intact forest gained new ground this year. Progress stretching from the Northwest Territories to Ottawa helped ensure Canada's Boreal Forest will continue to sustain animals and plants, clean waters and communities for years to come.
A vast network of wetlands teems with new life each year in the boreal forest. From the Yukon to Newfoundland, millions of ducklings hatch in the boreal and open their eyes to bountiful surroundings.


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To balance out our last episode's bleakness, this week we bring you joy! While sad things do happen around the holidays, miraculous things also occur. And so, in this holiday special, we are sharing miracles that happened during the season. First, Cody talks about the Hermanstorfers, a family that died and lived on Christmas Eve. Then, Chris shares the story of Donna Molnar, a woman who froze, outside, for days, and managed to survive. She's like the Minnesota Ice Woman (throwback!) on crack. Next, Cody goes back to The Great Depression to discuss the HatBox Baby, an infant who was miraculously found in the middle of the desert. Finally, Chris enlightens us on all the happenings around the miracle of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Instead of Creep of the Week, we exchange fun gifts (pictures to come!). This week's drinks are mulled wine and Gerfjeisjlsfijne cookies (spelling pending).
Advisory: 0:00s-0:13s
Intro Song: 0:13s-0:35s
Topic: 0:35s-2:20m
Drinks: 2:20m-4:34m
History: 4:34m-9:45m
The Hermanstorfers: 9:45m-13:45m
Donna Molnar: 13:45m-18:48m
The Hatbox Baby: 18:48m-27:10m
Our Lady of Guadalupe: 27:10m-33:48m
Skeptic: 33:48m-37:43m
Believer: 37:43m-40:07m
Presents!!!: 40:07m-45:15m
Plugs: 45:15m-46:20m
Outro Music: 46:20m-46:33m
Buy Us a Coffee: https://ko-fi.com/bspodphx
Join our Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/360972658146154/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/miracles-in-the-bible-and-today_b_1274775
Donna Molnar
https://toronto.citynews.ca/2008/12/23/husband-calls-wifes-three-day-snowbank-survival-a-miracle/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/24/canada-missing-woman-found
Hatbox Baby
https://www.cracked.com/article_21996_6-true-stories-to-make-sane-people-believe-in-xmas-miracles.html
http://archive.azcentral.com/community/mesa/articles/20111219hatbox-baby-mystery-still-lingers.html
Juan Diego and Our Lady of Guadalupe
https://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/media/articles/ourladyofguadalupethestoryoftheapparition/https://www.loyolapress.com/our-catholic-faith/saints/saints-stories-for-all-ages/saint-juan-diego-1474-1548
https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Juan-Diego
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/03/29/harvard-medical-school-professor-says-miracles-from-heaven-and-other-remarkable-cures-could-be-real/


IrfanView is great tool for editing, viewing and converting images. It has all the basic tools and features of all of the other image editors, like cropping, change color modes, add, erase, rotate, fill, sharpen, blur, watermarks, scanning, etc., but it also has some more advanced features for the more professional users. It uses a very simple interface so that it is easy for everyone to use it without a problem. If you are looking for a quick and not too complicated way to edit your images, then Irfanview is definitely an option you should try. A trully great tool.


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Home News Kenneth Branagh's 'Belfast' Has Oscars In Its Sights After Winning The 2021...
Kenneth Branagh's 'Belfast' Has Oscars In Its Sights After Winning The 2021 TIFF People's Choice Award
The belle of the ball at this year's Toronto International Film Festival was definitely Kenneth Branagh's autobiographical charmer, Belfast. Already having earned rave reviews out of Venice, the film is now poised to be a Best Picture Oscar contender now that it has also earned TIFF's People's Choice Award.
For context, the last nine TIFF People's Choice Award winners have all gone on to be Best Picture nominees. Belfast won over second place film Shasha Nakhai and Rich Williamson's Scarborough, and Jane Campion's The Power of the Dog which finished third.
Other awards were given to Jessica Chastain for her performance in The Eyes of Tammy Faye, taking the TIFF Tribute Actor Award supported by the Tory Family; Benedict Cumberbatch the TIFF Tribute Actor Award for The Power of the Dog, and Dune director Denis Villeneuve the TIFF Ebert Director Award.
Full list of winners below, and our reviews from TIFF here.
People's Choice Award: "Belfast" (dir. Kenneth Branagh)
People's Choice Documentary Award: "The Rescue" (dirs. E. Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin)
People's Choice Midnight Madness Award: "Titane" (dir. Julia Ducournau)
Platform Prize: "Yuni" (dir. Kamila Andini)
FIPRESCI Jury Award: "Anatolian Leopard" (dir. Emre Kayis)
NETPAC Award: "Costa Brava, Lebanon" (dir. Mounia Akl)
2022 Critics Choice Awards: 'Belfast', 'West Side Story' Lead With 11 Total Nominations
DC Film Critics Name 'Belfast' Best Film Of The Year
Box Office: 'Eternals' Nears $300M Worldwide, 'Clifford' Fetches $22M Debut


Picturesque and charming Szentendre Hungary lies on a branch of the Danube River along one of its most beautiful stretches. This is where the great river changes course, creating the Danube Bend, a triangle anchored by the equally charming Esztergom to the north and the great Imperial city of Budapest to the south. A great deal of Hungary's eight centuries of history and culture is centered in the region around this town that was founded in the fourteenth century by Serbian refugees fleeing the Turkish advance. The town later played an integral part of the Hungarian Renaissance. Easy day trips to Szentendre can be made from the capital city of Budapest, which is only twelve miles away.
What prompts trips to Szentendre as much as anything is the town's air of being frozen in time. It's a perfectly preserved eighteenth-century town embellished by neat, brightly-colored houses with tidy window boxes, beautiful Baroque churches, and quaint cobblestone streets all surrounded by lush countryside. The town's main square, Marx tér, with its central rococo cross monument, is completely cobbled and the ensemble of buildings that encircle it comprise a national historic monument. In this area are some of the town's best dining venues and many shops. This makes Szentendre Hungary as popular as the main sites of Budapest for experiencing Hungarian cuisine as well as shopping and culture. You can even visit the delightful Marzipan Museum to see perfect reproductions of some of Hungary's greatest monuments, busts of Hungarian leaders, and legends all made completely from the candy confection of marzipan.
Szentendre tourism is enhanced by its Open Air Museum displaying the folklore, architecture, and culture of the region. Typical thatched and white-washed houses, farm buildings, and mills from the countryside and an eighteenth-century timbered church were brought together so authentically that it is often used for historical films and theatrical presentations. There is Hungarian wine tasting in the summer. Scores of restaurants offer wonderful dining experiences and opportunities to savor great Hungarian cuisine.
Another draw for holidays in Szentendre is its heritage as an artist colony. Artists from Budapest and all over Europe began flocking here beginning in 1900, just as the great Impressionists flocked to southern and northern France, drawn to the exceptional light and beauty of the area. Szentendre tourism hasn't stopped since, and visiting the charming town is one the things to do if you're visiting Hungary. Today there are many artistic attractions in Szentendre including an abundance of museums. There's a museum dedicated to famous Hungarian artist, Jenõ Barcsay, and another to the world-renowned ceramicist Margit Kovács. Other art museums display the works of past masters as well as many of the 700 or so contemporary artists who still make this area home. There is an array of art galleries, exhibitions, crafts stalls, and souvenir shops. There are cafés, fine dining restaurants, and Bohemian bistros.
Szentendre Hungary has always been a crossroads of culture as evidenced by its seven churches including Serbian, Greek Orthodox, and Catholic. While Budapest has its Great Synagogue that also houses a museum, Szentendre boasts the world's smallest operating synagogue, which is also a museum. The town has a strategically advantageous location at the bend of the Danube and the foot of the Pilis Mountains, and proximity to the mountains makes the town a good start for hiking and excursions into the countryside.
Most everyone makes trips to Szentendre whether they are just visiting Budapest or enjoying Danube River cruises in Hungary and neighboring countries, and Szentendre tourism figures in as a component of most river cruises and vacation packages in the country.


"Knowledge, technology and economic growth: an OECD perspective"
Bassassini, Andrea and Scarpetta, Stefano and Visco, Ignazio (2000) "Knowledge, technology and economic growth: an OECD perspective". In: UNSPECIFIED, Brussels, Belgium.
In this paper we present an international comparison of growth trends with special attention given to developments in labour productivity, allowing for human capital accumulation, and multifactor productivity (MFP), allowing for changes in the composition of fixed capital. In this context an attempt is made, where possible, to identify both the embodied (in particular in ICT equipment) and disembodied components of technical progress. The possible relation between improvements in MFP and the accumulation of knowledge (as proxied by R&D expenditures) is also discussed, and some tentative policy considerations are advanced, mainly with reference to general framework conditions that might have a bearing in fostering technological changes.


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(NBC News) – Kentucky Clerk Asks Judge, Again, for a Way Out of Gay-Marriage Order
No Comments on (NBC News) – Kentucky Clerk Asks Judge, Again, for a Way Out of Gay-Marriage Order
A Kentucky court clerk is once again asking a federal judge for an order freeing her from the obligation of issuing marriage licenses, a move that would allow her to remain in office while still refusing to acknowledge same-sex unions.
Kim Davis ignited a fierce debate in her office in Rowan County, Kentucky this week when she defied orders to comply with a U.S. Supreme Court ruling declaring the constitutionality of same-sex marriages. Davis, a born-again Apostolic Christian, said issuing the licenses to gay couples would violate "God's definition of marriage" and would infringe on her religious freedom.
The unorthodox gambit appears to have little chance of succeeding.
Rowan County, Kentucky, Clerk Kim Davis has refused to issue marriage licenses in defiance of a U. S. Supreme Court declaration that gay marriage is constitutional. Timothy D. Easley / AP
Her request was filed Wednesday with the same judge that issued an earlier order directing her to grant marriage licenses in performance of her official duties while her freedom-of-religion claims move through the courts. Davis is essentially asking the judge for a way out of that order.
Her lawyers argued she shouldn't have to issue any licenses until her claims are resolved.
Davis is already facing demands that a judge find her in contempt of court. A hearing that issue is scheduled for Thursday; her lawyers must file their response by the close of business Wednesday.
The American Civil Liberties Union, which is one of the groups seeking the contempt order, called Davis' move "a blatant attempt to have a second bite at the apple."
"This matter is settled, and Ms. Davis can't avoid the contempt hearing tomorrow by asking for a do-over," ACLU senior staff attorney Heather Weaver said.
Davis continued to fend off hopeful same-sex couples on Wednesday, turning away two men from Ohio who'd driven to Rowan County for a marriage license.
Robbie Blankenship and Jesse Cruz acknowledged they could have sought a license in their home state, or in another Kentucky county, but said they had the right to get one wherever they chose.
As reporters watched and protesters shouted, Davis told the couple her office wasn't issuing licenses. Blankenship argued with her, accusing her of "using God for hate" and accusing Davis, who has been divorced three times, of hypocrisy.
"Your interpretation of the Bible doesn't trump the Constitution," Blankenship said.
"Our Constitution was founded on faith," Davis replied.
The argument ended with Davis telling them, "we're done," and retreating to her office.
Afterwards, Blankenship called the encounter "devastating."
"She needs to recognize that she's not working under the authority of God in this building," he said.
Two other county clerks in Kentucky are standing with Davis and also refusing to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
Casey Davis, the clerk in Casey County, is riding his bicycle across the state to protest courts' demands that the licenses be granted. And Kay Schwartz, the clerk in Whitley County, has said clerks are being bullied by the federal government.
Tags gay marriage, marriage
← (huffington post) – Boy Scouts End Ban On Gay Adults → Obama secures votes to protect Iran nuclear deal – The Washington Post


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One of several obsolete units of luminous intensity. Originally actual, standardized candles were used, often made of spermaceti. Real candles, however, do not make very good physical standards; candles taken from the same package were reported to vary in light output by as much as 15%. The extent of this variation became significant as related measurements became more precise, and whales becoming scarce, the candles were replaced by
various standardized lamps burning vegetable oil (see carcel), then by
various standardized lamps burning pure chemical compounds (see hefner or Harcourt), then by
blackbody radiators at the temperature of freezing platinum (see violle and candela),
and finally by
the redefined candela, the unit of luminous intensity in SI.
According to the current national standard in the United States¹, none of the candles, and including candlepower, may be used. The candela should be used instead.
Equivalent in candela
photometric
Britain candle (English) 0.96 international candle
Harcourt pentane lamp
Germany Munich candle
Vereinskerze 0.95 international candle
Hefner 0.903 candela
France bougie de l'ètoile (star candle)
Carcel unit 0.98 candela
1889 decimal candle = 1/20 violle, about candela
1896 decimal candle = 1 hefner, about 0.903 candela
1909 international candle
1946 new candle
1948 candela
1. IEEE/ASTM SI 10™-2002.
American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System.
New York: IEEE, 30 December 2002.
See Section 3.3.3.
It is difficult to express numerically the relative luminous intensity of various candles, there being as many different values as observers. One of the principal causes of these differences should be sought in the lack of constancy in the luminous intensity of these photometric standards.
We have already said that Schwendler found variations of 40 per cent in luminous intensity; we must believe, however, that he took account neither of the height of the flame nor the consumption of the candle.
At the other extreme is Krüss, who claims to have been able to maintain the constancy of the light emitted by the candle within 3 per cent; this figure is evidently more favorable than can be obtained in industrial tests, where one can scarcely observe all the minute precautions used by this renowned German specialist. But let us mention the results of other observers.
Dibdin, after extended investigation of luminous standards, in his report to the Metropolitan Board of Works of London, claims that candles give uniform results only by accident. Thus, in 454 measurements made with candles, 154, or 34 per cent only, gave results differing by less than 10 per cent from the mean.
Heisch and Hartley, in an investigation of the same subject, found deviations of from 1.3 to 16 per cent from the mean, the mean deviation being about 7 per cent. On the other hand, Foucart found that, in his experiments, the intensity of the Star candle varies from 9.9 per cent above to 13.9 per cent below the mean, the total variation being 23.8 per cent.
An English commission, including Williamson, called attention, in its report to the Board of Trade, to the fact that candles taken in two different packages, or even in the same package, coming from the same factory, may give variations of from 14 to 15 per cent.
We see then that it is scarcely possible under these conditions to give exact figures for the relative values of the different candles. So we shall limit ourselves to briefly indicating in the following table the relative values obtained by different observers.
We give in conclusion the results obtained by Monnier relative to the value of the luminous intensity of ordinary candles, indicating the height of the flame and hourly consumption; all the numbers are expressed in terms of the normal carcel lamp.
of the Flame
(mean hourly)
(mean in Carcels)
English 46.0 mm. 7.8 grams. 0.120
German 50.0 7.5 0.134
Munich 55.0 10.4 0.153
Star 52.4 10.0 0.134
Hence, the candle is becoming a thing of the past, both as a practical illuminant and as an actual standard in photometry. We have got rid of the article itself, why should we retain the name? It is like continuing to reckon lengths in "barleycorns," three of which were said to make an inch; and if the candle is no longer in use in practical photometry, it will soon have to be expunged from the Statute book as the legal unit of light. At the present time it may almost be called archaic, a thing to be preserved in museums, but not to have its name perpetuated as a unit of light in every way too small for modern purposes. A unit of light of convenient magnitude for the purposes of electric lighting is that which is given by the 30-watt glow-lamp or by the Harcourt pentane lamp as adopted by the gas referees.
Instead of calling this standard of luminous intensity 10 candles, why not call it 1 lamp ? The word lamp is a short, common word existing both in French and German, and, therefore, not presenting anything strange in sound. A light which we now call 10-candle power would be called 1-lamp power, and similarly lamps of 20 c.p., 50 c.p., and 100 c.p., would then be called lights of 2-lamp power, 5-lamp power, and 10-lamp power. These simple multiples are more convenient than the present 8, 16, and 32-candle multiples which are in use for glow-lamp classification. These last multiples were only adopted originally because at the outset electric-lighting people copied gas-lighting people in everything. We put our wires originally into gas brackets, fixed our electric lamps to gas chandeliers, and selected as the standard glow lamp one which gave the same light as an argand gas burner consuming 5 cubic ft. per hour.
J. A. Fleming.
The Photometry of Electric Lamps.
The Electrician, vol 50, no 15 (issue No. 1289) January 30, 1903.
Pages 599-600.
Last revised: 1 November 2016.


Major in Actuarial Science B.S.
Mathematics B.S. and Education M.S.
Who takes the Placement math exam?
New students are informed upon admission of the need for placement testing, specifically on their Certificate of Admission. Students who have no credit for an IU Northwest math course (have not taken a course or have not transferred in equivalent course work) must take the placement exam before registering for a math course. Students from other IU campuses are required to take the math placement exam if they have not satisfied the IU Northwest prerequisites for a particular course.
How is the exam structured?
Placement testing has FOUR different tests, resulting in five different levels. The PLACEMENT page list classes you can take for each level.
(failing Test MA102 results in level MA101; passing Test MA102 results in level MA102).
(passing Test MA103 results in level MA103).
(passing Test MA104 results in level MA104).
(passing Test MA105 results in level MA105).
Upon arrival, the placement test administrator will ask you what mathematic course you need to take. Based on your answer you'll be given the appropriate level test. You will have 50 minutes to take this test. If you answer at least 70% of the questions correctly, the administrator will record that level in One.IU which will allow you to take the desired mathematics course once you follow the departmental procedure process mentioned previously. If you fail this test, the administrator will offer you the opportunity to take a one-level lower test. The second test will determine if you would be allowed to take the prerequisite course.
What if I am not sure what mathematics course do I need to take?
A list of majors and the required math course can be found at the Majors and Math Requirement chart. Keep in mind that this placement exam is used to determine your math skills and the results are used to place you into the appropriate course for your skill level; your current math skills may not equal those needed for the math course required for your major.
Can I use a calculator during the exam?
No, the exams are designed so that a calculator is not necessary.
How much time do I have for the exam?
You'll be allowed maximum 50 minutes for each test that you need to take.
How can I prepare for the mathematics placement exam?
The mathematics placement exam is designed to allow you to demonstrate skills you have already developed, so you do not need to study for it as you might for another type of exam. However, because you do want your effort to reflect your best abilities, we recommend to click on the following links and print practice test MA102, practice test MA103,practice test MA104, or practice test MA105. Working on provided examples before taking the actual Placement Test may help. FREE seminar STEP will help you refresh your advanced arithmetic skills before the placement exam(see Placement page for more information).
Should I guess at questions I am not sure of?
If you guess at the answers to the problems you do not understand, you have a fairly good chance of guessing correctly, which could result in your being placed in a math class for which you are not prepared. Keep in mind that this exam is used to determine your math skills only and the results are used to place you into the appropriate course for your skill level.
What math class should I take?
Placement testing results along with meeting with your academic advisor will provide you with your options. The order in which the math courses should be taken is shown in the flow chart.


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Study in Norway – Education System, Student Life, Free Education, Popular Courses and Top Colleges
Posted on September 17, 2018 September 25, 2018 By Tanmoy Ray
Posted in Career Guidance, College Admission Guidance, Parents Must Read, Scholarships & Financial Aid, Study Abroad, Under GraduateTagged Free Education, study abroad top destinations, Study in Europe, top destinations to study abroad
The picturesque mountains, stunning Northern lights, midnight sunlight during summer, fjord coastline, sea-faring history, unique coastal life, and Winter Olympics draw several international visitors to Norway every year. Education in Norway also attracts several foreign nationals; though that fact doesn't get too much media attention. Here is all you need to know about Study in Norway.
Study in Norway
Education System, Student Life, Free Education, Popular Courses & Top Colleges
In the recent years, Norway has repeatedly been ranked as 'the best country to live in' by the United Nations, based on the factors like average levels of education and income, combined with life expectancy, human rights and cultural freedom.
Norway is highly rated for its literacy rate, educational levels and material wealth. Due in part to its offshore oil and gas deposits, Norway has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world and one of the highest standards of living.
Another unique feature about the study in Norway is Free Education for international students. If you are an ambitious student seeking to improve your career possibilities while having the time of your life, then Norway deserves to be on the top of the list.
Why Study in Norway?
High Standard of Education, Teaching & Research
Higher education in Norway is comprised of a mixture of both public and private universities. Some are specialized, some comprehensive, and some – known as "university colleges" – concentrate mainly on providing undergraduate-level education in a range of more vocationally focused subjects.
Norwegian universities and university colleges are known for quality education. The environment is pretty informal in nature. Teachers are easily approachable, tuition often takes place in small groups and as a student, you are encouraged to develop a critical mind.
At the graduate level, the students are expected and encouraged to question both the professors´ teaching and existing theories within their learning field. Critical thinking and the ability to approach a problem in different ways are valued skills in the Norwegian system.
Education System (Pattern)
In Norway, a Bachelor degree takes three years to complete. While Masters and PhD degrees take two years and three years to complete respectively.
You can also opt for a one-tier master's degree which allows you to combine your bachelor's and master's in a single continuous program lasting five years – this is often offered for architecture, business management, engineering, dentistry and law programs.
Norway is signed up to the Bologna Process, which aims to make European higher education systems more compatible. The Bologna Process includes the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) which means students who complete degrees or courses at universities in Norway will hold certifications that are recognized by other countries worldwide.
Video on Why Study in Norway and the Education System in Norway:
Programs are taught in English
Norway offers many undergraduate programs in English. You can study humanities, social sciences, law, theology, mathematics and natural sciences, education, medicine, dentistry, energy, engineering etc. But, of course, you won't find too many options at the undergraduate level to choose from unlike US, UK, Australia, Canada etc.
At the Masters level, Norway offers close to 200 programs that are taught in English.
It is a priority for Norwegian authorities to maintain and develop an education system of high quality, which is open to all, regardless of the student's social and economic background. This also counts for international students.
Norway is a very wealthy country. Norwegians enjoy a highly developed welfare state, where education and health services are, to a large extent, free.
Public universities in Norway do generally not charge tuition fees. There are fees to join the student association, which also pays for the exams at the end of the semester. But that won't set you back more than 600 NOK (around 60 – 66 Euros).
Private universities, not being funded by the state, do charge tuition fees, often as high as in other countries in Europe. But international students pay the same amount as the Norwegian and EU/EEA students.
Norway has one of the highest standards of living in the world. So, that means that it is also one of the most expensive countries to live in. However, when it comes to education, Norway can pride itself in high quality, with students not having to pay tuition fees at any level, especially at the undergraduate level (Bachelor programs).
Safe, Modern and Multicultural Society
Norway, with its population of just over 5 million, is one of the three Scandinavian countries. It is ranked as one of the best countries to live in and has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. There are 5.2 million people living in Norway. About 32% of the population has a higher education.
Like Sweden and Denmark, Norway has grown to become a multicultural country. Today, 33% of the population in Oslo are immigrants or Norwegian-born to immigrant parents. In the country as a whole, a bit over 16% are immigrants or Norwegian-born to immigrant parents.
Faculty of Fine Art, Music and Design at the University of Bergen
The culture of Norway is closely linked to the country's history and geography. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and artwork.
Norway is a modern society. Equality is a value deeply rooted in the Norwegian society and is rooted in both legislation and tradition. On the campus, students benefit from high technological standards and services, modern facilities and equipment, as well as innovative, informal and immersive teaching.
The major cities in Norway are located along the coastline: the capital Oslo is Norway's largest city, with about 620.000 inhabitants. Other major cities are Bergen and Stavanger in Western Norway, Trondheim in the middle part and Tromsø in the North.
Study Close to Nature
Combine studies with amazing outdoor adventures. Experience the Aurora Borealis ("Northern lights"), the midnight sun, the fjords, the mountains, the coastline etc. You could also just simply enjoy the fresh air, clean water and lots and lots of space. Nature is never far from wherever you are located in Norway.
Watch the Following Video on the Student Life in Norway:
Study in Norway – FAQs
NOK 116,369 (appx. INR 10 Lacs) per year.
As a general rule, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration requires the money to be deposited in a Norwegian bank account.
Non-EU Students can work part-time for a maximum of 20 hours per week during studies in Norway. An application for a work permit should be accompanied by a statement from the institution confirming that the work will not affect the study progress. A letter from the employer stating that the student has a job offer must also be submitted.
Students are normally allowed to work full time during semester breaks. Please note that the majority of institutions do not have on-campus work-study schemes, and foreign students will have to compete in the regular job market.
International and Indian Students in Norway
Studying in Norway is becoming a favourite study destination for more and more international students each year, with over 15,000 currently enrolled at Norwegian institutions. There are currently 280,000 students enrolled in higher education (Bachelors, Masters and PhD) in Norway. With a population of around 5 million, Norway is a welcoming country that is ready to be explored.
In 2015, there were 10,644 international students in Norway and the total number was 266,428. Among all international students, around 5,000 students were from Europe and 3,488 students were from Asia.
Indian Students' Forum – NTNU
The Norwegian embassy in New Delhi issued over 100 student visas in 2016. Indians form the second largest group of international students.
Indian students in Norway are mainly involved in business, natural sciences and technology. Most higher education institutions and universities have Indian students enrolled. NTNU in Trondheim is the institution in Norway with most enrolled Indian students. In correlation with India's increased activity in the Arctic, students and researchers are also present at the University Centre in Svalbard. Watch the Video – Why Some Indians are Loving Norway (in Hindi) on YouTube (by BBC).
Working in Norway
As of August 2018, only less than 3% of the total registered workforce is unemployed.
Outside Europe, India sends the highest number of skilled workers to Norway. In 2016, the Norwegian authorities approved 1,263 residence permits for skilled Indian workers, mainly to engineers in the IT sector.
As per the 2013 data, 60% of the international students that came to Norway to study was employed in Norway after their studies.
December 1 for the Autumn (August) start next year.
For Bachelors, you need good grades in high school and TOEFL/IELTS
For Masters, you need a Bachelor degree (3-year Bachelors accepted) along with TOEFL/IELTS.
Northern Lights in Norway
Best Subjects to Study in Norway
Life Sciences and Biotechnology
Digital Media, Animation and Visual Arts
Marketing & Management Studies
Marine Studies
Video on Higher Studies & Research at NTNU:
Top Colleges and Universities in Norway
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
University of Tromso (Arctic University of Norway)
Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
Bergen Academy of Arts and Design
Nord University
Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design
All You Need to Know about Studying Masters in Sweden
Undergraduate Studies in Germany
Masters (MS) in Germany
Sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Author: Tanmoy Ray
I am a Career Adviser & MS Admission Consultant. Additionally, I also manage online marketing at Stoodnt. I did my Masters from the UK (Aston University) and have worked at the University of Oxford (UK), Utrecht University (Netherlands), University of New South Wales (Australia) and MeetUniversity (India).
So, what is a liberal arts college? Akshara M
If you are like me, then a liberal arts degree probably means a focus on arts and sciences. It is hard not to think of…
Career in Online Gaming Baishali Mukherjee
Recent reports by Google-KPMG states that the online gaming industry in India is expected to grow to $1 billion by 2021 from the current $360…
7 Pro-Tips for Writing a Great College Application Essay Tanmoy Ray
The college application essay is one of the most critical components of the college application part. You can read tons of winning samples and blog…
Are US Colleges a Good Fit for International Students? Manoj Mittal
A friend asked this question and at first, I was dumbfounded. I wasn't quite sure how to answer, because in my mind I was going, well,…


:A preamp is a Piezo based pickups best friend, as others have said. I have discovered recently if you take your dedicated preamp, and go straight to a power amp you get a MUCH more acoustic sound. I guess the amplifier used for most bass applications colors the sound, and tends to make it sound more electric to my ears (I use both an Alembic preamp/Stewart Power Amp combo and a Walter Woods amp, so it is not because I am using poor quality equipment). Try running your bass through your preamp (the dedicated acoustic kind) right into a sound board, or directly into a power amp, I was very suprised by the results when I did this.
: :A preamp is a Piezo based pickups best friend, as others have said. I have discovered recently if you take your dedicated preamp, and go straight to a power amp you get a MUCH more acoustic sound. I guess the amplifier used for most bass applications colors the sound, and tends to make it sound more electric to my ears (I use both an Alembic preamp/Stewart Power Amp combo and a Walter Woods amp, so it is not because I am using poor quality equipment). Try running your bass through your preamp (the dedicated acoustic kind) right into a sound board, or directly into a power amp, I was very suprised by the results when I did this.


text:
package model

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"unicode/utf8"

	"github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6/shared/markdown"
)

const (
	PostSystemMessagePrefix        = "system_"
	PostTypeDefault                = ""
	PostTypeSlackAttachment        = "slack_attachment"
	PostTypeSystemGeneric          = "system_generic"
	PostTypeJoinLeave              = "system_join_leave" // Deprecated, use PostJoinChannel or PostLeaveChannel instead
	PostTypeJoinChannel            = "system_join_channel"
	PostTypeGuestJoinChannel       = "system_guest_join_channel"
	PostTypeLeaveChannel           = "system_leave_channel"
	PostTypeJoinTeam               = "system_join_team"
	PostTypeLeaveTeam              = "system_leave_team"
	PostTypeAutoResponder          = "system_auto_responder"
	PostTypeAddRemove              = "system_add_remove" // Deprecated, use PostAddToChannel or PostRemoveFromChannel instead
	PostTypeAddToChannel           = "system_add_to_channel"
	PostTypeAddGuestToChannel      = "system_add_guest_to_chan"
	PostTypeRemoveFromChannel      = "system_remove_from_channel"
	PostTypeMoveChannel            = "system_move_channel"
	PostTypeAddToTeam              = "system_add_to_team"
	PostTypeRemoveFromTeam         = "system_remove_from_team"
	PostTypeHeaderChange           = "system_header_change"
	PostTypeDisplaynameChange      = "system_displayname_change"
	PostTypeConvertChannel         = "system_convert_channel"
	PostTypePurposeChange          = "system_purpose_change"
	PostTypeChannelDeleted         = "system_channel_deleted"
	PostTypeChannelRestored        = "system_channel_restored"
	PostTypeEphemeral              = "system_ephemeral"
	PostTypeChangeChannelPrivacy   = "system_change_chan_privacy"
	PostTypeAddBotTeamsChannels    = "add_bot_teams_channels"
	PostTypeSystemWarnMetricStatus = "warn_metric_status"
	PostTypeMe                     = "me"
	PostCustomTypePrefix           = "custom_"

	PostFileidsMaxRunes   = 300
	PostFilenamesMaxRunes = 4000
	PostHashtagsMaxRunes  = 1000
	PostMessageMaxRunesV1 = 4000
	PostMessageMaxBytesV2 = 65535                     // Maximum size of a TEXT column in MySQL
	PostMessageMaxRunesV2 = PostMessageMaxBytesV2 / 4 // Assume a worst-case representation
	PostPropsMaxRunes     = 800000
	PostPropsMaxUserRunes = PostPropsMaxRunes - 40000 // Leave some room for system / pre-save modifications

	PropsAddChannelMember = "add_channel_member"

	PostPropsAddedUserId       = "addedUserId"
	PostPropsDeleteBy          = "deleteBy"
	PostPropsOverrideIconURL   = "override_icon_url"
	PostPropsOverrideIconEmoji = "override_icon_emoji"

	PostPropsMentionHighlightDisabled = "mentionHighlightDisabled"
	PostPropsGroupHighlightDisabled   = "disable_group_highlight"

	PostPropsPreviewedPost = "previewed_post"
)

type Post struct {
	Id         string `json:"id"`
	CreateAt   int64  `json:"create_at"`
	UpdateAt   int64  `json:"update_at"`
	EditAt     int64  `json:"edit_at"`
	DeleteAt   int64  `json:"delete_at"`
	IsPinned   bool   `json:"is_pinned"`
	UserId     string `json:"user_id"`
	ChannelId  string `json:"channel_id"`
	RootId     string `json:"root_id"`
	OriginalId string `json:"original_id"`

	Message string `json:"message"`
	// MessageSource will contain the message as submitted by the user if Message has been modified
	// by Mattermost for presentation (e.g if an image proxy is being used). It should be used to
	// populate edit boxes if present.
	MessageSource string `json:"message_source,omitempty"`

	Type          string          `json:"type"`
	propsMu       sync.RWMutex    `db:"-"`       // Unexported mutex used to guard Post.Props.
	Props         StringInterface `json:"props"` // Deprecated: use GetProps()
	Hashtags      string          `json:"hashtags"`
	Filenames     StringArray     `json:"-"` // Deprecated, do not use this field any more
	FileIds       StringArray     `json:"file_ids,omitempty"`
	PendingPostId string          `json:"pending_post_id"`
	HasReactions  bool            `json:"has_reactions,omitempty"`
	RemoteId      *string         `json:"remote_id,omitempty"`

	// Transient data populated before sending a post to the client
	ReplyCount   int64         `json:"reply_count"`
	LastReplyAt  int64         `json:"last_reply_at"`
	Participants []*User       `json:"participants"`
	IsFollowing  *bool         `json:"is_following,omitempty"` // for root posts in collapsed thread mode indicates if the current user is following this thread
	Metadata     *PostMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
}

type PostEphemeral struct {
	UserID string `json:"user_id"`
	Post   *Post  `json:"post"`
}

type PostPatch struct {
	IsPinned     *bool            `json:"is_pinned"`
	Message      *string          `json:"message"`
	Props        *StringInterface `json:"props"`
	FileIds      *StringArray     `json:"file_ids"`
	HasReactions *bool            `json:"has_reactions"`
}

type SearchParameter struct {
	Terms                  *string `json:"terms"`
	IsOrSearch             *bool   `json:"is_or_search"`
	TimeZoneOffset         *int    `json:"time_zone_offset"`
	Page                   *int    `json:"page"`
	PerPage                *int    `json:"per_page"`
	IncludeDeletedChannels *bool   `json:"include_deleted_channels"`
}

type AnalyticsPostCountsOptions struct {
	TeamId        string
	BotsOnly      bool
	YesterdayOnly bool
}

func (o *PostPatch) WithRewrittenImageURLs(f func(string) string) *PostPatch {
	copy := *o
	if copy.Message != nil {
		*copy.Message = RewriteImageURLs(*o.Message, f)
	}
	return &copy
}

type PostForExport struct {
	Post
	TeamName    string
	ChannelName string
	Username    string
	ReplyCount  int
}

type DirectPostForExport struct {
	Post
	User           string
	ChannelMembers *[]string
}

type ReplyForExport struct {
	Post
	Username string
}

type PostForIndexing struct {
	Post
	TeamId         string `json:"team_id"`
	ParentCreateAt *int64 `json:"parent_create_at"`
}

type FileForIndexing struct {
	FileInfo
	ChannelId string `json:"channel_id"`
	Content   string `json:"content"`
}

// ShallowCopy is an utility function to shallow copy a Post to the given
// destination without touching the internal RWMutex.
func (o *Post) ShallowCopy(dst *Post) error {
	if dst == nil {
		return errors.New("dst cannot be nil")
	}
	o.propsMu.RLock()
	defer o.propsMu.RUnlock()
	dst.propsMu.Lock()
	defer dst.propsMu.Unlock()
	dst.Id = o.Id
	dst.CreateAt = o.CreateAt
	dst.UpdateAt = o.UpdateAt
	dst.EditAt = o.EditAt
	dst.DeleteAt = o.DeleteAt
	dst.IsPinned = o.IsPinned
	dst.UserId = o.UserId
	dst.ChannelId = o.ChannelId
	dst.RootId = o.RootId
	dst.OriginalId = o.OriginalId
	dst.Message = o.Message
	dst.MessageSource = o.MessageSource
	dst.Type = o.Type
	dst.Props = o.Props
	dst.Hashtags = o.Hashtags
	dst.Filenames = o.Filenames
	dst.FileIds = o.FileIds
	dst.PendingPostId = o.PendingPostId
	dst.HasReactions = o.HasReactions
	dst.ReplyCount = o.ReplyCount
	dst.Participants = o.Participants
	dst.LastReplyAt = o.LastReplyAt
	dst.Metadata = o.Metadata
	if o.IsFollowing != nil {
		dst.IsFollowing = NewBool(*o.IsFollowing)
	}
	dst.RemoteId = o.RemoteId
	return nil
}

// Clone shallowly copies the post and returns the copy.
func (o *Post) Clone() *Post {
	copy := &Post{}
	o.ShallowCopy(copy)
	return copy
}

func (o *Post) ToJSON() (string, error) {
	copy := o.Clone()
	copy.StripActionIntegrations()
	b, err := json.Marshal(copy)
	return string(b), err
}

func (o *Post) EncodeJSON(w io.Writer) error {
	o.StripActionIntegrations()
	return json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(o)
}

type GetPostsSinceOptions struct {
	UserId                   string
	ChannelId                string
	Time                     int64
	SkipFetchThreads         bool
	CollapsedThreads         bool
	CollapsedThreadsExtended bool
	SortAscending            bool
}

type GetPostsSinceForSyncCursor struct {
	LastPostUpdateAt int64
	LastPostId       string
}

type GetPostsSinceForSyncOptions struct {
	ChannelId       string
	ExcludeRemoteId string
	IncludeDeleted  bool
}

type GetPostsOptions struct {
	UserId                   string
	ChannelId                string
	PostId                   string
	Page                     int
	PerPage                  int
	SkipFetchThreads         bool
	CollapsedThreads         bool
	CollapsedThreadsExtended bool
	FromPost                 string // PostId after which to send the items
	FromCreateAt             int64  // CreateAt after which to send the items
	Direction                string // Only accepts up|down. Indicates the order in which to send the items.
}

func (o *Post) Etag() string {
	return Etag(o.Id, o.UpdateAt)
}

func (o *Post) IsValid(maxPostSize int) *AppError {
	if !IsValidId(o.Id) {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.id.app_error", nil, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if o.CreateAt == 0 {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.create_at.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if o.UpdateAt == 0 {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.update_at.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if !IsValidId(o.UserId) {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.user_id.app_error", nil, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if !IsValidId(o.ChannelId) {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.channel_id.app_error", nil, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if !(IsValidId(o.RootId) || o.RootId == "") {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.root_id.app_error", nil, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if !(len(o.OriginalId) == 26 || o.OriginalId == "") {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.original_id.app_error", nil, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(o.Message) > maxPostSize {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.msg.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(o.Hashtags) > PostHashtagsMaxRunes {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.hashtags.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	switch o.Type {
	case
		PostTypeDefault,
		PostTypeSystemGeneric,
		PostTypeJoinLeave,
		PostTypeAutoResponder,
		PostTypeAddRemove,
		PostTypeJoinChannel,
		PostTypeGuestJoinChannel,
		PostTypeLeaveChannel,
		PostTypeJoinTeam,
		PostTypeLeaveTeam,
		PostTypeAddToChannel,
		PostTypeAddGuestToChannel,
		PostTypeRemoveFromChannel,
		PostTypeMoveChannel,
		PostTypeAddToTeam,
		PostTypeRemoveFromTeam,
		PostTypeSlackAttachment,
		PostTypeHeaderChange,
		PostTypePurposeChange,
		PostTypeDisplaynameChange,
		PostTypeConvertChannel,
		PostTypeChannelDeleted,
		PostTypeChannelRestored,
		PostTypeChangeChannelPrivacy,
		PostTypeAddBotTeamsChannels,
		PostTypeSystemWarnMetricStatus,
		PostTypeMe:
	default:
		if !strings.HasPrefix(o.Type, PostCustomTypePrefix) {
			return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.type.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Type, http.StatusBadRequest)
		}
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(ArrayToJSON(o.Filenames)) > PostFilenamesMaxRunes {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.filenames.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(ArrayToJSON(o.FileIds)) > PostFileidsMaxRunes {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.file_ids.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(StringInterfaceToJSON(o.GetProps())) > PostPropsMaxRunes {
		return NewAppError("Post.IsValid", "model.post.is_valid.props.app_error", nil, "id="+o.Id, http.StatusBadRequest)
	}

	return nil
}

func (o *Post) SanitizeProps() {
	if o == nil {
		return
	}
	membersToSanitize := []string{
		PropsAddChannelMember,
	}

	for _, member := range membersToSanitize {
		if _, ok := o.GetProps()[member]; ok {
			o.DelProp(member)
		}
	}
	for _, p := range o.Participants {
		p.Sanitize(map[string]bool{})
	}
}

func (o *Post) PreSave() {
	if o.Id == "" {
		o.Id = NewId()
	}

	o.OriginalId = ""

	if o.CreateAt == 0 {
		o.CreateAt = GetMillis()
	}

	o.UpdateAt = o.CreateAt
	o.PreCommit()
}

func (o *Post) PreCommit() {
	if o.GetProps() == nil {
		o.SetProps(make(map[string]interface{}))
	}

	if o.Filenames == nil {
		o.Filenames = []string{}
	}

	if o.FileIds == nil {
		o.FileIds = []string{}
	}

	o.GenerateActionIds()

	// There's a rare bug where the client sends up duplicate FileIds so protect against that
	o.FileIds = RemoveDuplicateStrings(o.FileIds)
}

func (o *Post) MakeNonNil() {
	if o.GetProps() == nil {
		o.SetProps(make(map[string]interface{}))
	}
}

func (o *Post) DelProp(key string) {
	o.propsMu.Lock()
	defer o.propsMu.Unlock()
	propsCopy := make(map[string]interface{}, len(o.Props)-1)
	for k, v := range o.Props {
		propsCopy[k] = v
	}
	delete(propsCopy, key)
	o.Props = propsCopy
}

func (o *Post) AddProp(key string, value interface{}) {
	o.propsMu.Lock()
	defer o.propsMu.Unlock()
	propsCopy := make(map[string]interface{}, len(o.Props)+1)
	for k, v := range o.Props {
		propsCopy[k] = v
	}
	propsCopy[key] = value
	o.Props = propsCopy
}

func (o *Post) GetProps() StringInterface {
	o.propsMu.RLock()
	defer o.propsMu.RUnlock()
	return o.Props
}

func (o *Post) SetProps(props StringInterface) {
	o.propsMu.Lock()
	defer o.propsMu.Unlock()
	o.Props = props
}

func (o *Post) GetProp(key string) interface{} {
	o.propsMu.RLock()
	defer o.propsMu.RUnlock()
	return o.Props[key]
}

func (o *Post) IsSystemMessage() bool {
	return len(o.Type) >= len(PostSystemMessagePrefix) && o.Type[:len(PostSystemMessagePrefix)] == PostSystemMessagePrefix
}

// IsRemote returns true if the post originated on a remote cluster.
func (o *Post) IsRemote() bool {
	return o.RemoteId != nil && *o.RemoteId != ""
}

// GetRemoteID safely returns the remoteID or empty string if not remote.
func (o *Post) GetRemoteID() string {
	if o.RemoteId != nil {
		return *o.RemoteId
	}
	return ""
}

func (o *Post) IsJoinLeaveMessage() bool {
	return o.Type == PostTypeJoinLeave ||
		o.Type == PostTypeAddRemove ||
		o.Type == PostTypeJoinChannel ||
		o.Type == PostTypeLeaveChannel ||
		o.Type == PostTypeJoinTeam ||
		o.Type == PostTypeLeaveTeam ||
		o.Type == PostTypeAddToChannel ||
		o.Type == PostTypeRemoveFromChannel ||
		o.Type == PostTypeAddToTeam ||
		o.Type == PostTypeRemoveFromTeam
}

func (o *Post) Patch(patch *PostPatch) {
	if patch.IsPinned != nil {
		o.IsPinned = *patch.IsPinned
	}

	if patch.Message != nil {
		o.Message = *patch.Message
	}

	if patch.Props != nil {
		newProps := *patch.Props
		o.SetProps(newProps)
	}

	if patch.FileIds != nil {
		o.FileIds = *patch.FileIds
	}

	if patch.HasReactions != nil {
		o.HasReactions = *patch.HasReactions
	}
}

func (o *Post) ChannelMentions() []string {
	return ChannelMentions(o.Message)
}

// DisableMentionHighlights disables a posts mention highlighting and returns the first channel mention that was present in the message.
func (o *Post) DisableMentionHighlights() string {
	mention, hasMentions := findAtChannelMention(o.Message)
	if hasMentions {
		o.AddProp(PostPropsMentionHighlightDisabled, true)
	}
	return mention
}

// DisableMentionHighlights disables mention highlighting for a post patch if required.
func (o *PostPatch) DisableMentionHighlights() {
	if o.Message == nil {
		return
	}
	if _, hasMentions := findAtChannelMention(*o.Message); hasMentions {
		if o.Props == nil {
			o.Props = &StringInterface{}
		}
		(*o.Props)[PostPropsMentionHighlightDisabled] = true
	}
}

func findAtChannelMention(message string) (mention string, found bool) {
	re := regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\B@(channel|all|here)\b`)
	matched := re.FindStringSubmatch(message)
	if found = (len(matched) > 0); found {
		mention = strings.ToLower(matched[0])
	}
	return
}

func (o *Post) Attachments() []*SlackAttachment {
	if attachments, ok := o.GetProp("attachments").([]*SlackAttachment); ok {
		return attachments
	}
	var ret []*SlackAttachment
	if attachments, ok := o.GetProp("attachments").([]interface{}); ok {
		for _, attachment := range attachments {
			if enc, err := json.Marshal(attachment); err == nil {
				var decoded SlackAttachment
				if json.Unmarshal(enc, &decoded) == nil {
					// Ignoring nil actions
					i := 0
					for _, action := range decoded.Actions {
						if action != nil {
							decoded.Actions[i] = action
							i++
						}
					}
					decoded.Actions = decoded.Actions[:i]

					// Ignoring nil fields
					i = 0
					for _, field := range decoded.Fields {
						if field != nil {
							decoded.Fields[i] = field
							i++
						}
					}
					decoded.Fields = decoded.Fields[:i]
					ret = append(ret, &decoded)
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return ret
}

func (o *Post) AttachmentsEqual(input *Post) bool {
	attachments := o.Attachments()
	inputAttachments := input.Attachments()

	if len(attachments) != len(inputAttachments) {
		return false
	}

	for i := range attachments {
		if !attachments[i].Equals(inputAttachments[i]) {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

var markdownDestinationEscaper = strings.NewReplacer(
	`\`, `\\`,
	`<`, `\<`,
	`>`, `\>`,
	`(`, `\(`,
	`)`, `\)`,
)

// WithRewrittenImageURLs returns a new shallow copy of the post where the message has been
// rewritten via RewriteImageURLs.
func (o *Post) WithRewrittenImageURLs(f func(string) string) *Post {
	copy := o.Clone()
	copy.Message = RewriteImageURLs(o.Message, f)
	if copy.MessageSource == "" && copy.Message != o.Message {
		copy.MessageSource = o.Message
	}
	return copy
}

// RewriteImageURLs takes a message and returns a copy that has all of the image URLs replaced
// according to the function f. For each image URL, f will be invoked, and the resulting markdown
// will contain the URL returned by that invocation instead.
//
// Image URLs are destination URLs used in inline images or reference definitions that are used
// anywhere in the input markdown as an image.
func RewriteImageURLs(message string, f func(string) string) string {
	if !strings.Contains(message, "![") {
		return message
	}

	var ranges []markdown.Range

	markdown.Inspect(message, func(blockOrInline interface{}) bool {
		switch v := blockOrInline.(type) {
		case *markdown.ReferenceImage:
			ranges = append(ranges, v.ReferenceDefinition.RawDestination)
		case *markdown.InlineImage:
			ranges = append(ranges, v.RawDestination)
		default:
			return true
		}
		return true
	})

	if ranges == nil {
		return message
	}

	sort.Slice(ranges, func(i, j int) bool {
		return ranges[i].Position < ranges[j].Position
	})

	copyRanges := make([]markdown.Range, 0, len(ranges))
	urls := make([]string, 0, len(ranges))
	resultLength := len(message)

	start := 0
	for i, r := range ranges {
		switch {
		case i == 0:
		case r.Position != ranges[i-1].Position:
			start = ranges[i-1].End
		default:
			continue
		}
		original := message[r.Position:r.End]
		replacement := markdownDestinationEscaper.Replace(f(markdown.Unescape(original)))
		resultLength += len(replacement) - len(original)
		copyRanges = append(copyRanges, markdown.Range{Position: start, End: r.Position})
		urls = append(urls, replacement)
	}

	result := make([]byte, resultLength)

	offset := 0
	for i, r := range copyRanges {
		offset += copy(result[offset:], message[r.Position:r.End])
		offset += copy(result[offset:], urls[i])
	}
	copy(result[offset:], message[ranges[len(ranges)-1].End:])

	return string(result)
}

func (o *Post) IsFromOAuthBot() bool {
	props := o.GetProps()
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Winter legends is een compositie van Arnold Bax.

Bax omschreef het werk als een "Sinfonia concertante for piano and orchestra", alhoewel hij veel terugvond van het genre symfonie. Overigens zou Bax nooit een pianoconcert schrijven. Hij begon aan het werk in de herfst van 1929 en had de kleine partituur afgerond in december. Daarna begon hij aan de orkestratie, dat nam hem tot 3 april 1930 in beslag. Hij had zich niet hoeven haasten want de eerste uitvoering zou pas plaatsvinden op 10 februari 1932. Bax' muze Harriet Cohen vertolkte de solopartij, waarbij ze werd begeleid door het BBC Philharmonic onder leiding van Adrian Boult. Het werk is door Bax zelf in zijn manuscript opgedragen aan Jean Sibelius. Sibelius werd echter niet opgenomen in de gedrukte versie, omdat Harriet Cohen diens naam heeft doorgehaald en vervangen door haar eigen naam. Bax kon er kennelijk niet mee zitten, want er werd daarna niets gewijzigd. Cohen nam het werk wel mee naar de Verenigde Staten waar ze het onder meer uitvoerde met het Boston Symphony Orchestra onder leiding van Serge Kouussevitsky. De muziek doet mede gezien de opgedragene enigszins noords aan. Wat opvalt aan het werk is dat het met solo slagwerk begint. Bax gaf zelf nog een hint inzake de inhoud van het werk, het spreekt over noordse legendes, IJsland, in vroeger tijden... Om de gelijkenis met een symfonie van Bax te benadrukken werd het werk geschreven in drie delen met een nawoord, de voor hem gebruikelijke opzet van een symfonie:
Allegro
Lento, molto espressivo
Molto moderato, allegro molto
Epilogue: Molto cantabilie

Orkestratie:
solopiano
3 dwarsfluiten (III ook piccolo), 2 hobo's, 1 althobo, 3 klarinetten, 1 esklarinet, 1 basklarinet, 2  fagotten, 1 contrafagot
4 hoorns, 3 trompetten, 3 trombones, 1 tuba
pauken, 4 man/vrouw percussie, 1 harp
violen, altviolen, celli, contrabassen

In 2017 zijn er drie opnamen voorhanden:
Uitgave Lyrita: John McCabe met het BBC Philharmonic onder leiding van Raymond Leppard (historische opname)
Uitgave Chandos: Margaret Fingerhut met het London Philharmonic Orchestra onder leiding van Bryden Thomsen, een opname uit 1986
Uitgave Naxos: Ashley Wass met het Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra onder leiding van James Judd in een opname van 2010

Compositie voor piano en orkest
Compositie van Arnold Bax
Compositie voltooid in 1930

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Canadian Women's Christian Temperance Union.
Live issues for living men : a vote cast for a true principle was never lost.
Campaign leaflets. 2-page series ; no. 9.
Alcoholic beverage industry -- Canada.
Boissons alcoolisées -- Industrie -- Canada.
Original issued in series: Campaign leaflets ; no. 9.
1 sheet (verso blank) ; 21 x 14 cm.


This picture was taken during a hiking trip to Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. The mountains in the back are in fact the Tetons and the trail is on the way to Lake Solitude.
Date Uploaded: Sept. 22, 2010, 7:59 a.m.


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Located in the Gem State, as of the 2010 census, Rathdrum had a population of 6,821. This makes Rathdrum the twenty-second-most populous city in the state of Idaho.
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Listed below you will find population, income and education related statistics, as well as other pertinent information, for Rathdrum, ID.
When compared to the state's average median age of 35.2 years, Rathdrum's median age is 1.1 years younger.
When compared to the median income of individuals working in Idaho, Rathdrum's average income is $4,758 less than that of the state.
Rathdrum has 10% more citizens, with only high school diploma and/or GEDs, than the state's general population's average, in Idaho.