When a payment is added in an Enhanced Revenue Batch, it can be used to pay off any outstanding commitment (pledge, recurring gift installment, event registration, etc.) in the database, including outstanding commitments for other constituents. However, when choosing to apply a payment to a different constituent's commitment, the Application field will be grayed out in batch so that users cannot view the application.


If one or more of your teeth have been lost, getting in touch with a top dental care provider is one of the best things you can do. At Central Park Dental Aesthetics, they provide the latest and most effective methods of care, ranging from preventive, cosmetic, periodontal, restorative, and emergency dental services, to implant dentistry, and full mouth rehabilitation. As a dual specialty practice, their periodontist and prosthodontist offer exceptional quality care, and can produce remarkable results when it comes to the healthy restoration of your smile. Taking the time to carefully explain your options and address your questions and concerns, your implant dentist in Midtown NY will help you to make the most informed decisions about your treatment.
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Gone are the days of "career track" and "college track" at Evanston Township High School, said Shelly Gates, chair of Applied Sciences and Technologies at the high school.
A lot can be said for focusing on employable skills, Ms. Gates said, but cautioned that learning those skills may have to continue after high school.
"We're trying to get away from the idea that kids can get enough training in high school. … All kids need some post-secondary education. We help kids figure out their skills and what they will do next. Kids have a right to know what they're going to do next, why they'll be going to do it and how much it will cost them," she says.


Bedrock Linux itself is relatively minimal and will run on very limited hardware. However, the stratum software Bedrock Linux will use will most likely require significantly higher system requirements. See the documentation for the specific stratum distributions you wish to use.
Nyla has been tested on (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 systems. In theory it should be possible to set it up on any architecture musl-libc supports.
Prior releases have been show to run smoothly on both a 1.6GHz Intel Atom and 800MHz Intel Celeron-M (ie, two different ASUS Eee PCs). Presumably significantly slower CPUs will also suffice. Remember, though, some stratum software will likely have higher requirements to run adequately.
Prior releases have been shown to run without trouble on 512MB of RAM with huge amounts of room to spare. Much smaller amounts of RAM would likely work fine for the core Bedrock Linux software, but higher amounts will likely be expected by some stratum software you may choose to run. Some additional RAM will be required due to the fact that there will be multiple copies of some libraries (such as the main libc libraries) and thus Bedrock Linux may not be suitable for embedded-style systems.
Depending on what you choose to compile into the Linux Kernel and Busybox, Bedrock Linux should fit snuggly within only a handful of megabytes of disk space (although a fully-loaded Linux Kernel can take tens if not hundreds of megabytes). However, Bedrock Linux is of limited use without any strata, and the strata can take quite a bit of space. See the disk space requirements for the stratum Linux distributions you are interested in. As a rule of thumb, a gigabyte of disk space should be set aside for each stratum distribution, with more preferred.


text:
Garnierit ist ein Sammelbegriff für ein grünes Nickelerz, das in Taschen und Klüften innerhalb verwitterter ultramafischer Gesteine (vor allem Serpentinit) auftritt. Es bildet sich bei der lateritischen Verwitterung ultramafischer Gesteine und kommt in zahlreichen lateritischen Nickellagerstätten in der Welt vor.

Benannt wurde Garnierit 1875 von Edward Daniel Clarke nach dem französischen Geologen Jules Garnier, der dieses Erz 1864 in Neukaledonien erstmals entdeckte. Da es in großer Menge nahe der Hauptstadt Nouméa vorkommt, wurde es synonym auch als Nouméait (nach Liversidge, 1874) bezeichnet.

Zusammensetzung
Garnierit besteht aus einem oder mehreren Mineralen der Schichtsilikate Serpentin, Talk, Smektit, Chlorit und Sepiolith in denen ein erheblicher Anteil des Magnesiums durch Nickel ersetzt ist. Für die nickelreichen Varietäten dieser Minerale existieren spezielle Namen.
Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Garnierit-Erze der Falcondo-Mine in der Dominikanischen Republik ergab eine Zusammensetzung aus drei Mineralgruppen:
Talk – Willemseit (bis 25 Gewichts-% Ni); Lizardit (Serpentin) – Népouit (bis 34 Gewichts-% Ni); Sepiolith – Falcondoit (bis 24 Gewichts-% Ni).

Entstehung
Die Lateritisierung ultramafischer Gesteine bewirkt eine starke Lösung von Magnesium und Silicium, die zu einer starken Rückstandsanreicherung von Eisen und Nickel in einer Goethit-reichen Oberflächenschicht führt (Nickel-Limoniterz). Ein Teil des Nickels wird in gelöster Form abwärts verlagert und in dem darunter liegenden verwitterten ultramafischen Gestein (Serpentinit-Zersatz) gebunden. Dieser Prozess führt zu einer allgemeinen, relativ geringen Nickelerhöhung im gesamten zersetzten Gestein (Nickel-Silikaterz, Nickel-Saprolith) und darüber hinaus zu einer Ausscheidung von Ni-reichem Garnierit in Taschen und Klüften des zersetzten Gesteins. Garnierit-Erz hat heutzutage nur noch eine geringe wirtschaftliche Bedeutung.

Siehe auch
 Liste individueller Mineralgemenge

Weblinks

 Mindat – Garnierite (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Erz
Mineralgemenge

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bioventus is an orthobiologics company that delivers clinically proven, cost-effective products that help patients heal quickly and safely. The company's innovative offerings include market-leading devices, therapies and diagnostics that make it a global leader in active orthopaedic healing. The company's products include the EXOGEN® Ultrasound Bone Healing System, and hyaluronic acid joint fluid therapy products, SUPARTZ® and DUROLANE®, which treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis. These innovative products provide clinical benefits to patients and cost savings to payers by delaying or eliminating the need for knee surgery. In the case of bone stimulation, expensive follow-on procedures for bone fractures which do not heal are avoided. Headquartered in Durham, N.C., Bioventus has approximately 500 employees and works with customers throughout the world.
In 2012, Essex Woodlands led an investor group to spin-out the Clinical Therapies division of Smith & Nephew and acquire a controlling stake in the newly created company, Bioventus.
Essex Woodlands, along with its equity partners, owns 51% of the business, with Smith & Nephew retaining a 49% equity stake in the company.


text:
Benitez confident despite defeat
Wayne Rooney is a short price to win PFA Player of the Year – can anyone stop him? See the latest PFA Player of the Year betting here.
Liverpool manager Rafa Benitez is confident his side can still progress in the Europa League despite losing 1-0 to Lille in the first leg of their last 16 encounter.
Benitez had called for a reaction from his players following Monday's disappointing defeat to Wigan and he felt his players had responded.
"It was an improvement from the last game. The players' reaction has been very positive," said Benitez.
"I am disappointed with the result but really pleased with the effort of the players. They were fantastic today.
"It was against a good team on a difficult pitch. The reaction has been good.
"I think Lille started really well. We knew they had pace – you can watch videos but until you see them on the pitch you don't see the pace they have.
"It was difficult to stop them but little by little we had more control.
"When we had that control and were going forward we conceded the goal."
Despite being on the backfoot for much of the game Liverpool could easily have been 2-0 up at half-time after Ryan Babel and Fernando Torres were both denied by Lille keeper Mickael Landreau.
"When you play away you have to score when you have chances. To score an early goal you can manage the game but we worked hard today," added Benitez.
"To have two or three chances to score and then concede a [goal to a] free-kick…we have to be positive.
"It is clear, particularly in this competition, you have to score away because it is an advantage.
"We were just not strong enough today but there is still 90 minutes to play.
"I am confident we can beat anyone at Anfield on our day with the fans behind us.
"In every top side, especially when you are not having a good season, every game is important.
"We have to be ready for Monday's Premier League match against Portsmouth and to win and then be ready for 90 minutes in the Europa League."
Lille coach Rudi Garcia felt his side deserved to win.
"In European competitions winning 1-0 is always a good result," said Garcia.
"But Liverpool still managed to create some opportunities and we had a goalkeeper who made two or three really great saves.
"I think we deserved to win tonight. I am satisfied with what we showed and we will do everything we can to qualify.
"To beat Liverpool, who were the favourites when the draw was made, is good.
"But we will need to score in the second leg, we can't go there and play for a 0-0."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The project brought together a choir of 1500 school pupils and 500 adults from across Southend to sing a specially commissioned piece of choral music by Tolga Kashif.
We staged the choir of 2000 voices on the sea front and they sang to a crowd of tens of thousands as the Olympic Torch made its lunch time stop. Southend joined together in collective voice to celebrate our town, its people, its cultural achievements and to send a message of good luck to the Olympic athletes.
Metal worked in partnership with 34 schools and 7 community choirs and 3 music directors to rehearse and perform the work.
The piece of music, titled Anthem: Let Your Light Shine is a rousing, epic work that draws on many different music genres, rhythms and styles to represent a global message. The work has been developed in response to the open-air performance site, the sea and the large number of singers taking part.
It was written to allow for participation from a wide range of ages and abilities from the age of 7 upwards – and has a memorable refrain that saw the audience joining in.
Music accompaniment for the work is provided by Black Dyke Mills Band among many other musicians.
Music and singing has long been one of Southend's cultural strengths. The town boasts some outstanding musical talent in a number of genres including Benjamin Grosvenor (the youngest pianist to play at the proms) Southend Girls and Boys Choirs, Lee Mead and The Horrors among many others.
This ambitious idea, conceived and developed by Metal, formed part of a wider programme of activity programmed by Southend Borough Council to celebrate the torch visit.
The film below documents the making and performance of Anthem.


text:
Dov Hoz (militair): een van de oprichters van de Hagana
 Dov Hoz (schip, 1946): een schip van de Mossad Le'Aliyah Bet


text:
CVEs with refmap.iss==20070108 Multiple (3) Microsoft Windows TCP/IP Remote Code Execution and DoS Vulnerabilities
The kernel in Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, and Server 2003, when ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (RDP) is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via fragmented router advertisement ICMP packets that trigger an out-of-boun
Unspecified vulnerability in the kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP2, Server 2003, and Vista allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted (1) IGMPv3 and (2) MLDv2 packets that t


text:
Dominicans of Avrille, France
Our website for the English-speaking world
Our Convent
The Fight for the Faith
Contact us / Help us
canonical regognition
Can we Accept?
admin conciliar Church, FEATURED POSTS - Articles and Texts section, In defense of our convent, The Fight for the Faith April 16, 2019 canonical regognition
Can We Accept a Canonical Recognition Proposed by a Neo-Modernist Authority?
By Maubert
Published in Le Sel de la Terre 101
The answer is not self-evident. Indeed, for years Msgr. Lefebvre envisioned an accord as though it were possible; furthermore, he took steps in this direction, it being before 1988, let us not forget.
Before answering, it is first necessary to define the terms of the problem, because there is talk here and there of an "accord" or "canonical recognition".
What is an "Accord"?
The etymology of this word indicates a harmony of hearts. The current sense of this word, in this context, is that of an "arrangement among those who are in agreement" (Petit Robert French dictionary). The same dictionary, defining the expression "in agreement," says ["to be in agreement"]: "To have the same opinion, the same way of thinking, or the same intention (to work in the same direction, make a common cause, walk hand-in-hand as a single person, to be united)." In other words, an accord designates a community, be it in thought or action.
If one applies this to the relations between Rome and the Society of St. Pius X, as well as to the associated communities, the accord can be doctrinal or practical.
— At first, an Accord can be doctrinal
After the Second Vatican Council, a doctrinal ditch was dug between the Catholic hierarchy and the faithful who remained attached to Tradition. Thus there is no longer accord but divergence on questions of faith. After fifty years, neo-Modernist Rome is forced to reestablish an accord and lead the faithful of Tradition toward the doctrine of Vatican II; there is accord when they adopt the new doctrines. Msgr. Lefebvre and his successors were forced to bring the Roman authorities back to the traditional doctrine; in other words, they sought a doctrinal accord in the truth, which supposes the conversion of neo-Modernist Rome.
— Then an Accord can be practical
This is to say that it does not concern doctrine, because the two parties diverge, but action; one seeks an arrangement to live together, each remaining what it is. But action is governed by law. Thus, such an accord is sealed by a canonical structure conceded to the communities of Tradition. Is this modus vivendi possible without the latter changing doctrine? In fact, concretely, this has never existed, as the history of the successive accords since 1984 proves.
— Finally, an Accord can be simultaneously doctrinal and practical
There are two cases to envision:
* either the neo-Modernist Roman authorities propose a canonical statute, requiring at the same time adherence to some doctrinal points taken from the Council;
* or these same authorities, having returned to Tradition, recognize the canonical statute that the SSPX and associated communities already have, after having denied its existence (because the suppression of the SSPX in 1975 means nothing, and the erection of associated communities draws its legitimacy from the state of necessity – supplied jurisdiction applies here in this case).
An accord supposes that the two parties "are in agreement". If one works for a practical agreement, one seeks an arrangement, modifying the conditions as needed, until one reaches an agreement.
What is a Canonical Recognition?
The current sense of the word "recognition" (in the context which concerns us) is "the fact of admitting (something) after having denied or doubted it".
More precisely, it is the "action of formally, juridically recognizing. […] Recognition of a government, by which a State recognizes the legality of a government arising from a revolution" (Petit Robert French dictionary).
— Nature of a Canonical Recognition
A Canonical Recognition is the granting of a canonical structure by the ecclesiastical authority to an entity that does not have it. In reality, one speaks rather of an "approbation" or "canonical recognition" of an Institute. If one uses the term "recognition" here, it is because of the particular situation in which we find ourselves: the Pope recognizes the juridical existence of communities that already exist.
However, in the mind of the Roman authorities, these communities do not currently have any juridical existence. For example, the aforementioned authorities do not recognize the vows of these religious as public vows but they consider them private vows. On the occasion of various accords (at Le Barroux [Benedictine community of Dom Gerard], at Papa Stronsay [Redemptorist community of Fr Michael-Mary], it was necessary for the members of these communities to renew their vows in the hands of the local bishop or of a representative from the Holy See. Consequently, in the case of canonical recognition, it will be necessary to examine closely these circumstances. If the Holy See, either by words or actions, declares a work legal that until then it judged illegal, to accept this line is ipso facto, despite later rectifications, to admit that the aforesaid work was illegal. Implicitly, it denies the state of necessity that has legitimized our resistance to the self-destruction of the Church.
— Consequences of a Canonical Recognition
The first consequence is that the recognized institute acquires a legal personality, thus a certain autonomy in its internal government.
The second consequence is that this Institute depends more closely on the local bishop, if it is a diocesan Institute, or on the Holy See if it is an Institute of pontifical right. In the latter case, the Institute is removed from the vigilance of the bishop in anything that regards its internal government. The reason for this vigilance (of the bishop or Rome) is that it is necessarily under the direction of the hierarchy of the Church that the institutes led their members to Christian perfection. Is this canonical dependence toward the neo-Modernist authorities compatible with the preservation of the faith and its public profession?
— Canonical Recognition and the Apostolate
The local bishop is responsible for all the faithful in his territory. Consequently, the entire apostolate of the priests—including those of the members of the exempted institutes—is ruled by the bishop and is exercised under his dependence and vigilance.
This is why Msgr. Lefebvre, envisioning the regularization of the works of Tradition, examined which structures could allow for continuing the apostolate beside the faithful in a certain independence from the bishops. This supposes the Institutions fall directly under the jurisdiction of the Pope.
Let us especially examine the case of a personal prelature, which is still on the agenda of Rome and of the Society.
The Second Vatican Council inaugurated personal prelatures. They are "jurisdictional entities, erected by the Holy See as instruments within the framework of the pastoral hierarchy of the Church, for the realization of particular pastoral or missionary activities". These pastoral tasks are addressed to particular groups of people. So things are done orderly, the prelatures should be made known to episcopal conferences, before their erection, to coordinate their work.
At the head of the prelature is a prelate who has jurisdiction over the faithful upon whom particular pastoral activities are exercised by the priests of the prelature. However, to be able to exercise its apostolate in a diocese, the prelature should have obtained the preliminary consent of the local Ordinary. The personal prelature is thus an auxiliary of the diocesan clergy. The faithful who benefit from its apostolate are thus submitted principally to the local Ordinary and, in addition, to the prelate of the personal prelature.
This concerns the prelatures envisaged by the 1983 code. To tell the truth, the structure foreseen by the SSPX and by its related communities will enjoy, it seems, an almost complete independence with respect to the bishops; in any case, this independence will be much greater than that of the Opus Dei. Nevertheless, it cannot be complete, because by divine right the diocesan bishop is the head of the territory confided to his care.
Also, the simple juridical recognition implies all this: by the recognition of the Institutes, there is a dependence on the Holy See, normally on the Congregation for Institutes of consecrated Life (although the Holy Father is free to associate them with another congregation); for the erection of personal prelature—if applicable—there is a dependence on the Congregation for Bishops; then, a certain harmony with the local Ordinaries is necessary. Finally, the prelature depends on the Roman Congregation for Bishops.
— "Unilateral" Recognition?
This is an expression that is frequently heard recently. What does it mean? A recognition can be bilateral?
We limit ourselves to the case of a canonical recognition: the recognition is the act of who recognizes. Yet, who recognizes the traditional communities? The Holy See. It is not we who recognize the latter and who give it a canonical structure. Consequently, a canonical recognition is essentially unilateral. So, why the pleonasm?
On the one hand, this expression seems to mean that the act of the pope would be without "doctrinal compensation". The proposed canonical structure would not be accompanied by a preliminary doctrinal declaration to sign. In this case, it would be better to speak of a "canonical recognition without a doctrinal compensation". On the other hand, this expression gives the impression that the works of Tradition will be regularized despite them, that they will not be for nothing, and that they will not be able to refuse.
Msgr. Rifan 1 said in 2002: « The Pope has offered to recognize our bishop with the promise of a successor; it remains for us to get out of the irregular situation in which we find ourselves. We accept and, in conscience, we cannot refuse this offer. »
Now, this is evidently false; it is necessary to agree on a document, which necessarily implies an acceptance or a refusal on the part of the aforementioned works [of Tradition]. Thus, in 1988, the Monastery of the Holy Cross 2 made a declaration refusing the agreement established between the Holy See and Dom Gérard 3. « Our Monastery of Santa Cruz, it was said, was included in the terms of the agreement that we come here to refuse, without our having been consulted about it. At the time Msgr Lefebvre fully approved this conduct. »
This brings us to a third possible sense of the expression "unilateral recognition": it suggests that there would not be a compensation on the practical level; everything would continue as before, without any change, if only we would be officially recognized. This masks an aspect of capital importance, which is the effective submission to Roman authorities, and the inevitable influence that these would exert on us. Indeed, law is never "unilateral"; it rules the relations between persons (physical or moral) in view of the common good, thus the relations between superiors and subjects. It is inconceivable to imagine a subject who only has rights and a superior who only has duties; this would be revolutionary. Thus, the subjects necessarily have duties toward their superiors. So, if the superiors grant something, even more so do the subjects concede their submission; the right is thus essentially bilateral. Whence the question it will be necessary to examine: Does not this dependence risk leading to a doctrinal agreement on the Council?
— De Facto Recognition?
This expression indicates the act of a Pope who, seeing that the negotiations with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith are stalemated, would pass over any doctrinal, canonical, or liturgical condition. It would be a recognition above all of the facts than by way of legal or canonical right. The Pope has already begun in this direction (notably in conceding the jurisdiction for confessions, then the recognition of the priestly ordinations, and now of the marriages).
We remark that what is called "de facto recognition" has some juridical consequences. Indeed, to declare that the confessions of the priests of the Society are valid amounts to saying that they are legal, conforming to the right, to the law. Although the Pope does not explicitly say: "I give jurisdiction to these priests," it is a matter of delegated jurisdiction; in fact, it is he who set the duration of it (at first in restricting it to the limits of the year of mercy, then in deciding to continue it afterwards). What was done for confessions has now been done for other acts of the ministry of the priests of Tradition. It is a sort of "piecemeal" or "step-by-step canonical recognition".
What the distinction between "de facto recognition" and "legal recognition" could indicate is the difference between the phase where some aspects of the ministry of the priests of the Society are recognized as legal, and the other phase where all the aspects of their ministry would be (which necessarily implies a juridical statute, because one cannot be associated with a Society without following its law). And it is only in this phase that the submission to the Roman authorities would become effective.
This distinction suggests that there could be a total recognition of the legitimacy of the Society without a dependence on the current Roman authorities, which is impossible. It is better to speak of an "ongoing canonical recognition" or an "ongoing canonical regularization" than of a "de facto recognition" as St. Thomas said, II-II q. 1 a. 3 : « Movements are specified by their terminus, and receive their name from it. For example, a casserole that heats on the stove warms, tending toward the state of heat in stages ». So here, according to the Roman authorities, the term is the canonical statute. The movement that leads there is the canonical regularization. Consequently, the movement where we find ourselves is an ongoing canonical regularization.
Canonical Recognition and Agreement
As it is now understood, the term "agreement" generally designates a practical agreement, with or without a doctrinal declaration (the current project includes one). The canonical recognition is included in the practical agreement.
— The clarity of words
But why make all these clarifications of vocabulary? They are necessary if we want to be "children of the light". In her language the Church supremely adheres to clarity of words. Firstly in the expression of dogmas; but this holds true in all the teaching of the Church, from encyclicals to the simple children's catechism course.
On the contrary, the Revolution dreads clear expressions. Abbé Joseph Lémann 4 said:
"One cannot be careful enough, in France and elsewhere, of the manner in which evil men come to invade bit by bit all avenues of society. Their ability has been infernal. They have seized language before seizing your schools, oh Catholics, your hospitals, your courts of law, your institutions […]. The invasion began in words, in ideas; it is achieved in institutions. It was logical. A profound thinker made this reflection that one cannot meditate on enough: "As long as a people is invaded in its territory, it is only defeated; but if it allows an invasion of its own language, it is finished. The language of a people […] is the supreme bulwark of a people, its last sanctuary." Behold why it is to render a service to the patriotic cause of the nations than of theirs to cry: Carry, before all, the battle into language, call things by their true name, and for that purpose use a naming that clarifies and disenchants the poor deceived populations."
Alas! Modern Rome has abandoned this clarity. It would above all not be necessary to let it impose vague language on us.
This is thus the objective of these reflections: to establish clarity of language. It is necessary to call a spade a spade. If a canonical recognition undergoes negotiations where each side makes accommodations, it is necessary to call that an "agreement". For example, the regularization of the priests of Campos 5 (Brazil) was an agreement. When signing, Abbé Rifan said: "This is not an agreement; it is a recognition." He implied that Rome recognized the validity of Tradition, which was false. The faithful believed Abbé Rifan, and cried for victory. They have been deceived.
We would prefer to cast aside the expressions "unilateral recognition" and "de facto recognition" and simply speak of a "canonical recognition, with or without a doctrinal compensation"; things will thus be much clearer.
Translation by AA
1 — Brazilian bishop consecrated by cardinal Castrillon-Hoyos, successor of Msgr Rangel consecrated by the bishops of the Society to succeed to Bp de Castro-Mayer (note of the Editor).
2 — Ruled bt Fr Thomas Aquinas, now Bp Thomas Aquinas, in Brazil (note of the Editor).
3 — Superior of the benedictine of the Monastery of Le Baroux in France (note of the Editor).
4 — Famous convert from Judaism in France in the 19th century, who converted with his brother. Both became priests, and worked for the conversion of the Jews to save them (note of the Editor).
5 — Former diocese of Bp de Castro-Mayer (note of the Editor).
Letter from the Dominicans of Avrillé # 27: January, 2018
admin Letters to Friends and Benefactors January 29, 2018 canonical regognition, SSPX
Letter from the Dominicans of Avrillé
No. 27: January 2018
St. Thomas Boys' School in the frost
A Canonical Recognition?
When Archbishop Lefebvre founded the Society of Saint Pius X in 1970, he had obtained its canonical erection as a "pious union" from Bishop Charrière of Fribourg, Switzerland. The Archbishop's work remained canonically recognized for five years.
However, on November 21st, 1974, after a canonical visit of Ecône by two envoys from Rome, Archbishop Lefebvre published a declaration manifesting his refusal "to follow the Rome of neo-Modernist and neo-Protestant tendencies which were clearly evident in the Second Vatican Council and, after the Council, in all the reforms which issued from it."
From that point forward, the dividing line between the two "churches" was drawn. Shortly after, the "Rome of neo-Modernist and neo-Protestant tendencies" was given the name of the "conciliar church" by Bishop Benelli [letter addressed to the Archbishop on behalf of Pope Paul VI]. It has kept this name ever since.
The canonical "suppression" of the SSPX was decreed by Bishop Mamie, on May 6th, 1975. Archbishop Lefebvre rightly stated that it was "irregular, and in any case, unjust."
This "suppression" was therefore considered as null and void by Archbishop Lefebvre and all those who follow the rules of the Catholic Church, whereas it was deemed valid by the representatives of the conciliar church.
Recently, however, there has been more and more talk of a "canonical recognition" of the SSPX from the present authorities in the Vatican. Can such recognition be accepted?
Per se, canonical regularity in the Catholic Church is something that is good, and even necessary. Archbishop Lefebvre sought this regularity in 1970, and obtained it. Nevertheless, today, if a canonical recognition were to be accorded, it would be in the framework of the new Code of Canon Law. It is in this framework that the Pope has granted jurisdiction for marriages celebrated by priests of the SSPX.
That reason alone would suffice in order to refuse this recognition:
"We cannot content ourselves with particular guidelines for the Society; we refuse this new Code of Canon Law because it is contrary to the common good of the entire Church, [which is what] we want to protect." [Fr. Jean-Michel Gleize, Courrier de Rome n° 499, May 2017]
We may add that under present circumstances, there are other disadvantages. Just to name a few:
— It would make us enter into the conciliar pluralism, with Tradition being recognized on an equal footing with the Charismatic movements, the Focolari, Opus Dei, etc. This would put Truth on a par with error, at least in the public opinion.
— It would bring into our chapels faithful who are determined to remain conciliar, modernist and liberal, along with all that this implies regarding their lifestyle (because bad ideas lead to bad morals).
— It would necessarily reduce any attacks against the errors professed by the authorities under which we would then directly find ourselves. It's rather easy for all to see that the superiors of the SSPX have already diminished their criticisms of the present errors coming from Rome (Year of Luther, Amoris Laetitia, etc.).
—Lastly, such a canonical recognition would place us directly under the authority of superiors who are themselves under Freemasonic influence. Indeed, various studies published in Le Sel de la Terre have shown that the conciliar church is an instrument in the hands of Freemasonry to force Catholics to work toward the establishment of the New World Order, willingly or not. (See the editorial n° 101, summer 2017.) Providence permitted Archbishop Lefebvre and those who followed him to be exempt from this Freemasonic influence: it would now be a grave imprudence to subject ourselves to it voluntarily. Freemasonry was born exactly three centuries ago (June 24th, 1717). After having destroyed all the Christian states (with the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries), and subjugating the Church (with the plan of the Alta Vendita, accomplished by Vatican II), will Freemasonry succeed in spreading its influence over the work of Archbishop Lefebvre? This would certainly be its apparent triumph on earth.
Consequently, a "canonical solution" can only be foreseen in the case of a Rome that has converted doctrinally. Moreover, this conversion will have to be proven by concrete efforts to work for the social reign of Our Lord Jesus Christ, while fighting against the adversaries of this reign.
Chant of the Gospel at one of the "stations" (during the procession on November 2nd)
A Luciferian Religion
Last June 24th marked the 300th anniversary of the foundation of Freemasonry. This sect constitutes a sort of "Counter-Church" offering worship to Satan (See especially the book by Jean-Claude Lozac'hmeur, Les Origines occultists de la Francmaçonnerie). Msgr. Henri Delassus, author of the monumental work, The Anti-Christian Conspiracy — The Masonic Temple Wanting to Build Itself upon the Ruins of the Catholic Church (1910), made a remarkable analysis of the progression of this Luciferian cult as a preparation of the reign of the Antichrist:
Just as in pagan times there were secret ceremonies and an esoteric doctrine that were known only to the "initiated", leaving to the crowd of "ordinary men" the things which they could handle, giving satisfaction to their religious instincts in a sort of naturalism, we see reborn today certain practices and dogmas that constitute a properly Luciferian religion for the "initiated", whereas the public is little by little led to a purely naturalistic religion. […]
This is not the first time that Satanism has invaded Christianity.
In the 15th century, the Renaissance, which was the first manifestation of the anti-Christian conspiracy, was preceded by an extraordinary development of magic. It grew everywhere that Protestantism took hold, and this led to an epidemic of witchcraft that throughout the 17th century was a nightmare for Germany, England and Scotland, while the Latin countries remained practically untouched.
The Revolution, as well, was preceded by a fever of Satanism. Magnetizers, necromancies, as they were called, showed up everywhere. The corrupted nobles had themselves initiated in rites where Satan was invoked, and in the towns as well as in the cities people gave themselves up to all kinds of occult practices.
But never, since the times of paganism, has Satan been as alive and active as he is today, having been invited back into the domain from which the Cross of the Divine Redeemer had chased him away. (pp. 723-725)
Community Chronicle
August 16th: After a beautiful feast of the Assumption, with its Solemn High Mass and procession, it's time for Father Reginald and our two Brazilian Brothers to leave on a month-long mission to Brazil: a total of 2,500 miles by car visiting the faithful of various Mass centers.
September 2nd and 3rd: Five Fathers attend the annual Chiré-en-Montreuil book fair, in order to represent our community. A conference given by Fr. Louis-Marie was a good opportunity to make known to the public some of the various books and articles published this year by Le Sel de la Terre concerning the Protestant Revolution and its disastrous effects on souls and society. A group of several students from the Boys' School came along to help out the organizers.
September: Back to school for the children… and for the Fathers and Brothers who take care of the Primary school, the Boys' school, Our Lady of Fatima youth club, etc.
September 4th: Fr. de Mérode comes to stay for the week, for his annual retreat.
September 10th: Fr. Marie-Dominique gives a conference on Saint Dominic for about 30 members of the "Friends of the Sacred Heart," a youth group of the Combat for the Faith.
September 11th: Three of our tertiaries from the Czech Republic are among us for several days, happy to immerse themselves in the prayerful atmosphere of the Friary, and the Dominican Liturgy.
September 14th: Father Marie-Dominique leaves to preach the start-of-the-school-year retreat for the seminarians of St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort Seminary. It's also the official start of the school year for our student brothers.
September 23rd/24th: Third Order meeting in Chartres/Paris. In the weeks to follow, Brittany, Alsace, Lyons, and Avrillé will have their turn at starting up a new year of activities.
October 25th: We have the pleasure of receiving H.E. Bishop Zendejas for a few days before he goes on to Fatima for the pilgrimage of Christ the King.
November 13th: Arrival of Br. Agostinho O.S.B., from H.E. Bishop Thomas Aquinas' monastery in Brazil, for two months of rest.
December 22nd – January 7th: Fathers Marie-Dominique and Angelico, accompanied by Br. Alphonse-Marie, travel to various Mass centers in North America. It was the occasion to visit our tertiaries, friends and benefactors, as well as to help out Bishop Zendejas for the Christmas ceremonies. On the list: South Salem, NY (NYC area); Emmet, KS; Houston, TX; Northome, MN; Newman Lake, WA; Buffalo, NY; Winnipeg, MA (Canada). Congratulations to the five tertiaries who made their profession in presence of the Fathers during this trip!
News from our worksites
We don't have much news to tell for the moment, except that our building project has been accepted by the municipality. Thanks to your help, we have already gathered a good part of the funds necessary to start building. The preliminary work (surveys, soil tests, entry roads for the construction vehicles, etc.) should be able to start in the next few weeks. Thank You!
Parish Hall project
The finished Chapter room, with its new altar.
For timely articles and spiritual reading, please go to our website:
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Index of topics:
"fighting spirit", "Year of Mercy", Ad Gentes, Agony in the Garden, Anglicanism, Appeal to the Faithful, Archbishop Lefebvre, Assumption, Bishop de Castro Mayer, Bishop de Galarreta, Bishop Faure, Bishop Faure, Bishop Fellay, Bishop Thomas Aquinas, Bishop Williamson, Campos, canonical regognition, Cardinal Brandmüller, catechism, charity, Christmas, conciliar Church, Confession, Consecration to Mary, Conversion, Counter-Church, Crisis in the Church, Crucifixion, Declaration, Dei Verbum, Deposition of a pope, Dignitatis Humanae, Dom Gerard Calvet, Dominican Vocation, Dom Tomas Aquinas, Easter, Ecclesia Dei, Ecumenism, Enthronement, Fatima, First Saturdays, Fr. Albert, Fr. Bouchacourt, Fr. Lelong, Fr. Lorans, Fr. Nely, Fr. Pfluger, Fr. Pierre Roy, Fr. Schmidberger, Fr. Simoulin, Freemasonry, Gaudium et Spes, Gravissimum educationis, GREC, Guardian Angel, Holy Ghost, Holy Week, Humanism, Indult Masses, Inter mirifica, Islam, Judaism, Knights of Our Lady, Last Judgment, Latin, Lent, Lumen Gentium, Lutheranism, meditation, mental prayer, Menzingen, Miraculous Medal, Modernist Rome, Modesty, Modesty in Dress, Mortification, Msgr Schneider, New Mass, New rites of ordination-consecration, Nostra Aetate, Ordinations, Orientalium Ecclesiarum, Our Lady of Guadalupe, Passiontide, Pentecost, Philippines, Poem of the Man God, Pope Francis, Pope Paul VI, Position of Our Convent, Prayer, Protestantism, Purgatory, Retreat, Rosary, Sacred Heart, Saint Dominic, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Sedevacantism, Septuagesima, Sister Lucy, Spirit of Compromise, SSPX, st. pius x, The (so-called) "Orthodox", Third Order of Penance, Truth, Unitatis redintegratio, Vatican II, Winona
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Donations received are used by UK Fibromyalgia to maintain the services that we provide to UK based fibromyalgia sufferers. This can take many forms including grants to FM support groups in Britain.We are not a charity, we are a commercial operation so we cannot offer the same tax benefits that a charity can provide. The contact number for an FM charity is at the resourses page. That said over the years UK Fibromyalgia has given many thousands of pounds to dozens of UK Fibromyalgia support groups and will continue to work to help the fibromyalgia cause in the UK.


A high number of cats we rescue are feral, which are homeless cats (homeless either by birth or by abandonment). Feral does not mean that they are a threat to humans, but that they are distrustful and afraid of us. Feral, unspayed females spend their lives pregnant and hungry, while males often die from wounds inflicted in territorial battles over mates and food, and disease is spread – such as feline aids and leukemia.
Where did all these feral cats come from? Studies have shown that the high numbers of ferals have originated from people who are financially unable to neuter/spay their cats, irresponsible pet owners who can afford to, but don't, transient owners who leave their unspayed/unneutered animals behind to fend for themselves. These cats, when allowed to roam freely, will mate resulting in rampant overpopulation, which is what animal rescue organizations like BCC contend with.
At 5 months of age a kitten can have its first litter and that same kitten can have a second litter by the time it is a year old – a litter being anywhere from 1 kitten to 5, 6, 7… A nursing mom can get pregnant and 60 days later, which is the gestation period, can have another litter. Only about 50% of these kittens will survive. We make every effort to educate the public about the importance of spaying or neutering their pets.
BCC participates in the country-wide effort to reduce the number of feral felines using the method of TNR (trap, neuter, return). This method is endorsed by the American Veterinary Association, Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine, and many animal welfare groups throughout the country.
TNR is a humane method that stabilizes feral cat colonies, preventing new litters through spaying/neutering. BCC has 10 feral colonies that are monitored daily by volunteers. The cats in the colonies are spayed/neutered and provided shelter, food, and water. At one time these colonies had as many as 15-20 cats each. The numbers have now decreased through attrition to as few as 2 to 4 cats per colony.
Despite the impact of BCC, there are hundreds of cats and kittens who remain homeless, sick, starving, and desperate for care and kindness. Ferals still face many challenges as they attempt to survive New England winters, sickness, disease, coyotes and other predators.


Are you interested in getting your GED® certification in Harcourt IA? The examination is for adults who do not have their high school diploma. The certification that you receive upon passing the Iowa GED® test is accepted as an equivalent credential to a high school diploma by employers and colleges across the United States.
The exam covers basic skills that students are taught in high school. Lessons taught in GED® classes include reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. These are the subject areas that make up the GED® examination in Iowa.


text:
// Copyright 2006 The Closure Library Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 *
 * @fileoverview This class supports the dynamic loading of compiled
 * javascript modules at runtime, as descibed in the designdoc.
 *
 *   <http://go/js_modules_design>
 *
 *
 *
 */

goog.provide('goog.module');

goog.require('goog.array');
goog.require('goog.module.Loader');

/**
 * Wrapper of goog.module.Loader.require() for use in modules.
 * See method goog.module.Loader.require() for
 * explanation of params.
 *
 * @param {string} module The name of the module. Usually, the value
 *     is defined as a constant whose name starts with MOD_.
 * @param {number} symbol The ID of the symbol. Usually, the value is
 *     defined as a constant whose name starts with SYM_.
 * @param {Function} callback This function will be called with the
 *     resolved symbol as the argument once the module is loaded.
 */
goog.module.require = function(module, symbol, callback) {
  goog.module.Loader.getInstance().require(module, symbol, callback);
};

/**
 * Wrapper of goog.module.Loader.provide() for use in modules
 * See method goog.module.Loader.provide() for explanation of params.
 *
 * @param {string} module The name of the module. Cf. parameter module
 *     of method require().
 * @param {number=} opt_symbol The symbol being defined, or nothing when all
 *     symbols of the module are defined. Cf. parameter symbol of method
 *     require().
 * @param {Object=} opt_object The object bound to the symbol, or nothing when
 *     all symbols of the module are defined.
 */
goog.module.provide = function(module, opt_symbol, opt_object) {
  goog.module.Loader.getInstance().provide(
      module, opt_symbol, opt_object);
};

/**
 * Wrapper of init() so that we only need to export this single
 * identifier instead of three. See method goog.module.Loader.init() for
 * explanation of param.
 *
 * @param {string} urlBase The URL of the base library.
 * @param {Function=} opt_urlFunction Function that creates the URL for the
 *     module file. It will be passed the base URL for module files and the
 *     module name and should return the fully-formed URL to the module file to
 *     load.
 */
goog.module.initLoader = function(urlBase, opt_urlFunction) {
  goog.module.Loader.getInstance().init(urlBase, opt_urlFunction);
};

/**
 * Produces a function that delegates all its arguments to a
 * dynamically loaded function. This is used to export dynamically
 * loaded functions.
 *
 * @param {string} module The module to load from.
 * @param {number} symbol The symbol to load from the module. This
 *     symbol must resolve to a function.
 * @return {!Function} A function that forwards all its arguments to
 *     the dynamically loaded function specified by module and symbol.
 */
goog.module.loaderCall = function(module, symbol) {
  return function() {
    var args = arguments;
    goog.module.require(module, symbol, function(f) {
      f.apply(null, args);
    });
  };
};

/**
 * Requires symbols for multiple modules, and invokes a final callback
 * on the condition that all of them are loaded. I.e. a barrier for
 * loading of multiple symbols. If no symbols are required, the
 * final callback is called immediately.
 *
 * @param {Array.<Object>} symbolRequests A
 *     list of tuples of module, symbol, callback (analog to the arguments
 *     to require(), above). These will each be require()d
 *     individually. NOTE: This argument will be modified during execution
 *     of the function.
 * @param {Function} finalCb A function that is called when all
 *     required symbols are loaded.
 */
goog.module.requireMultipleSymbols = function(symbolRequests, finalCb) {
  var I = symbolRequests.length;
  if (I == 0) {
    finalCb();
  } else {
    for (var i = 0; i < I; ++i) {
      goog.module.requireMultipleSymbolsHelper_(symbolRequests, i, finalCb);
    }
  }
};

/**
 * Used by requireMultipleSymbols() to load each required symbol and
 * keep track how many are loaded, and finally invoke the barrier
 * callback when they are all done.
 *
 * @param {Array.<Object>} symbolRequests Same as in
 *     requireMultipleSymbols().
 * @param {number} i The single module that is required in this invocation.
 * @param {Function} finalCb Same as in requireMultipleSymbols().
 * @private
 */
goog.module.requireMultipleSymbolsHelper_ = function(symbolRequests, i,
                                                     finalCb) {
  var r = symbolRequests[i];
  var module = r[0];
  var symbol = r[1];
  var symbolCb = r[2];
  goog.module.require(module, symbol, function() {
    symbolCb.apply(this, arguments);
    symbolRequests[i] = null;
    if (goog.array.every(symbolRequests, goog.module.isNull_)) {
      finalCb();
    }
  });
};

/**
 * Checks if the given element is null.
 *
 * @param {Object} el The element to check if null.
 * @param {number} i The index of the element.
 * @param {Array.<Object>} arr The array that contains the element.
 * @return {boolean} TRUE iff the element is null.
 * @private
 */
goog.module.isNull_ = function(el, i, arr) {
  return el == null;
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Step aside Meek Mill — Slim Shady may be going for Drake next
by Jack Roskopp
Is it just us, or do rappers these days have more drama than Mary J. Blige did in the early 00's? Turns out, our office crush and friendly Canadian neighbor Drake might be involved in some more drama, and it's surprisingly not from his arch-nemesis Meek Mill. According to several reports, our very own Eminem may be gearing up to take down Drake with one diss track at a time.
To fully understand why Eminem may be coming for Drake, we first need to understand what got us to this point. Enter: Views.
Drake released his latest album, Views, came out a few months ago, and regardless of what you think of it (we still can't stop playing "Too Good", but that's for a different story) the album is a commercial success and has really landed Drake into rap super stardom. There's just no denying it. So you'd think that Drake wouldn't give a shit if some rappers who are at a much lower fame level than he would critique Views? Guess again my friends.
New Jersey emcee Joe Budden said on his podcast back in May that Drake sounds "uninspired" on Views. A totally valid critique, yet Drake couldn't let that critique go and has been engaged in a feud with the veteran emcee ever since. Since then, Drake has called out Budden on stage at a few shows, and Budden has released 4 diss tracks since June 30 (read more about their feud here).
So since Drake and Joe Budden are in the middle of a Mean Girls-style brawl, (Drake is totally Regina George, right??) the rest of the world (i.e. The Internet) has to way in. Of course, HOT 97 host and hip-hop commentator Ebro expressed his views on the matter. Turns out, Eminem is Joe Budden's label boss (gasp!) and Ebro told Drake that Eminem might be coming after him now (another gasp!). "I [Ebro] told Drake that I heard the rumor that Eminem was going to gear up to come after him. He laughed. He was like, "That's not gonna happen.' He's like, 'He'd never do that. And if he did, I got something for him, too.'" Damn.
Today, Ebro tweeted out that this whole thing was "just a joke" and "people ran with it." So does Ebro seem like the ultimate shit stirrer? Yes. Will we have to watch Rihanna pick sides? Sadly, no. Will we get to see Drake's ghost writers shit themselves? Again, no. Do we still want Joe Budden diss tracks? Yes. And as much as we'd hate to see Drake and Eminem pitted against each other, we all know what Em can write a mean diss track. Just ask Mariah Carey!
So thanks for nothing, Ebro!
City Slang Drake Eminem rap feuds Joe Budden Ebro


Cannot create issue of type B as it requires the following fields: Priority. Please create issue directly in JIRA.
Will this only work with the built in default issue types in Jira? Are there plans to expand this?
I think it will work if you set a default value for your custom priority field. However, I've created an improvement request to support custom fields.


text:
2019 NIT Season Tip-Off Bracket and Schedule Revealed
Home Basketball Upsie NIT Season Tip-Off Press Releases
BROOKLYN (July 11, 2019) – The NIT Season Tip-Off will return to Barclays Center for a fifth-straight season this Thanksgiving Week, with games on Wednesday, Nov. 27 and Friday, Nov. 29, featuring an elite group of teams from America's top conferences.
On Wednesday, the SEC's Ole Miss Rebels meet the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten at 5 p.m. ET on ESPN2, followed by a matchup between the Oklahoma State Cowboys of the Big 12 Conference and the Syracuse Orange of the ACC, also on ESPN2.
The Friday third-place game will air at 7 p.m. ET on ESPN2, ESPNU or ESPNEWS, and the championship follows at 9 p.m. ET, on ESPN2 or ESPNU.
Tickets for the NIT Season Tip-Off at Barclays Center will go on sale on Monday, Aug. 12 at 10 a.m. ET and can be purchased online at www.barclayscenter.com, or www.ticketmaster.com. Tickets are also available at the American Express Box Office at Barclays Center. Group Tickets are available by calling 855-GROUP-BK.
Syracuse earned its 40th NCAA Tournament invitation this past March, guided by Hall of Fame coach Jim Boeheim, now in his 44th season at his alma mater. The veteran court boss has guided Syracuse to 34 NCAA Tournament visits, including five Final Fours and the NCAA National Championship in 2003. Boeheim is the second-winningest coach in Division I history and ranks fourth in NCAA Tournament victories.
Ole Miss is set to begin its second season under 2019 SEC Coach of the Year Kermit Davis, who led the Rebels to 20 victories in 2018-19 and the program's first NCAA berth since 2015. Ole Miss is no stranger to Brooklyn, having captured the Barclays Center Classic with wins over Georgia Tech and Penn State during the 2013-14 season.
Oklahoma State is led by Brooklyn native Mike Boynton, who has wasted little time igniting the Cowboy fanbase. Under Boynton, OSU has taken down seven top-25 opponents – four over top-10 teams – and produced a trip to the NIT quarterfinals in 2018. Boynton and the Cowboys recently signed the nation's No. 13-ranked recruiting class and are looking to get the program back into the Final Four for the seventh time in program history.
Coach Patrick Chambers guided Penn State to a 7-3 record in the final 10 games of the 2019 Big Ten regular season, which included victories over No. 7 Michigan and No. 17 Maryland. In his eight years as head coach, Chambers ranks in Penn State's top five for wins and has the most wins over ranked teams of any Nittany Lion basketball coach. Chambers led Penn State to the Postseason NIT Championship in 2018.
This fall marks the fifth-straight year at Barclays Center for the NIT Season Tip-Off, which has been played in New York City every November since 1985. The outstanding 2018 field featured four 2019 NCAA Tournament teams in NCAA Sweet 16 participant Tennessee, NIT Season Tip-Off Champion Kansas (NCAA Second Round, Midwest), Marquette (First Round, West) and Louisville (First Round, East).
In addition to the matchups at Barclays Center, the NIT Season Tip-Off will include a quartet of games at HP Field House at ESPN's Wide World of Sports Complex near Orlando. On Monday, Nov. 25, Ivy League co-champion Yale will square off against the MAC's Western Michigan, followed by 2019 Patriot League co-champion Bucknell against Seattle U of the WAC. On Tuesday, Nov. 26, all four teams will play again, with the winners from the previous day vying for the Orlando Subregional championship. All four games will be broadcast on ESPNU.
The eight participants will each play a pair of games at campus sites prior to the bracketed portions.
Friday, Nov. 15: Western Michigan at Ole Miss
Saturday, Nov. 16: Seattle U at Syracuse
Sunday, Nov. 17: Yale at Oklahoma State
Tuesday, Nov. 19: Seattle U at Ole Miss, Bucknell at Penn State
Friday, Nov. 22: Western Michigan at Oklahoma State
Saturday, Nov. 23: Yale at Penn State, Bucknell at Syracuse
The NIT Season Tip-Off is one of 11 college basketball events owned and operated by ESPN Events, a division of ESPN.


I'll welcome you to the apartment, ask you to take off your shoes and if you need to use the bathroom before we start.
I'll invite you to sit down and ask if you want tea or water.
Then I'll ask you why you came for a treatment. I used to kick things off by asking clients if they've had reiki before, but people always tell me this in response to the why question, so it's not necessary.
I'll respond to the explanation of why you've come with whether it's common for other people to come for the same reasons, or I might ask you if there are other things that you are trying to do, particularly if a situation is complex or a problem longstanding.
I'll ask if you have any other questions, and then invite you to lie on the table, with your head on the pillow, looking up, and that most people like the under-knee pillow to keep them straightened out.
If it's cold weather, I'll ask if you want a cover, but at the moment, it's so hot, I'm likely to ask if the fan is on a fast enough setting!
'I invite you to close your eyes and relax into this space that you've given to yourself.' Not everyone closes their eyes automatically, so it's good to say so. I have had some clients open their eyes at times, but I think it's best to be relaxed to close one's eyes instead of looking at the fan or ceiling, or trying to see what I'm doing. Then I like to acknowledge that clients have made done a positive act already by either wanting to address a problem, try out reiki, or just feel better. Even if the treatment was a gift, a client still needs to make time for themselves to come to the treatment. And it's all part of the idea that the treatment is a partnership. I'm not doing reiki on you. You are joining me in a healing treatment.
'Take in a few long and slow breaths, and if that feels comfortable, continue to do for the treatment'. It's amazing how little breath some people take. But it's so important to relaxing and being still. You can feel it the moment that you take in a big, deep breath of air. Rarely, if I see someone having troubles with breathing, I might suggest taking in a breath of air to the count of four or five, and exhale at the same pace. Try it. It feels good, doesn't it?
'You can allow your mind to wander, or think of nothing, or follow your breath, whatever feels most comfortable.' So many clients early on asked 'What should I do during a treatment?' that I thought I should try to set the scene right away. I also want to counter the idea that to meditate, or receive reiki, or to be still, that your mind automatically clears and you stop thinking. Our minds are always in motion; that's what they do. If you want to meditate, it's not about clearing the mind completely for an hour. It's noticing when the mind wanders away, and then bringing it back to the centre (or your breath). And do it again. And again. Many clients report that they had trouble stopping thinking about their problems or otherwise, or that the reiki treatment did help them to still their minds. I think what's important is not to fight the thoughts too much, to either let the mind wander or think of nothing, in a gentle way and see what comes up. I used to say 'You can think about the issues you're facing' because I do think that in a relaxed state, you can sometimes solve your problems or see new solutions; but I worry if clients get caught up thinking about their problems the whole treatment in a way that interferes with them relaxing. So I've stopped saying it!
'Finally, please set your intention to heal yourself and to take from this treatment what it is that you need at this time. I'll ring a bell at the end of the treatment.' I've followed my teacher, Frans Stiene, with this line and I think it's so important. Again, it's about not just 'receiving' a treatment, but being active: asking your subconscious to heal yourself, and that you are taking an active role in taking what you need, not just hoping that someone else will do the work to heal you.


text:
A Spark Of White Fire By Sangu Mandanna – Inspired By Mahabharata, A Lost Princess, Divine Intervention; Stunning From Start To Finish
February 14, 2019 August 15, 2019 CW @ The Quiet Pond9 Comments
In a universe of capricious gods, dark moons, and kingdoms built on the backs of spaceships, a cursed queen sends her infant daughter away, a jealous uncle steals the throne of Kali from his nephew, and an exiled prince vows to take his crown back.
Raised alone and far away from her home on Kali, Esmae longs to return to her family. When the King of Wychstar offers to gift the unbeatable, sentient warship Titania to a warrior that can win his competition, she sees her way home: she'll enter the competition, reveal her true identity to the world, and help her famous brother win back the crown of Kali.
It's a great plan. Until it falls apart.
Discovering new favourite books can sometimes feel like finally releasing a long breath – you've been waiting for it, you feel like life has returned to you, and you feel invigorated. The relief and satisfaction of discovering and reading A Spark of White Fire cannot be described by words. It is a science-fiction space opera, inspired by the Sanskrit epic, Mahabharata, and follows a lost princess who infiltrates the circles of those who stole her family's crown, only to realise that they may not be as wicked as she once believed. I'm in awe, friends. A Spark of White Fire is thoroughly brilliant, and I hope my book review will convince you to pick up this new YA SF gem.
An Inspired Story about Family and Fighting Fate
There are many things that I love about A Spark of White Fire – the brilliant characters, realised and wonderful setting, the political intrigue and possible betrayal at every turn that had me biting my nails (all of which I'll elaborate on later). Perhaps the most compelling thing, and most indicative of this book's brilliance, is its inspired story and fantastic execution of its themes. Indeed, A Spark of White Fire examines family from a refreshing angle, as it examines how Esmae, the lost princess that we follow across the story, plans to return her exiled brother to the throne. Despite Esmae's desperate longing to reunite with the family she never knew, the challenges and unexpected turns during her journey will challenge her, and force her to question all she has believed for most of her life. In essence, A Spark of White Fire examines the allegiances and loyalties that people possess, how loyalties are tested and broken, and the things that we do and sacrifice for our families.
Paired with Mandanna's splendid and poetic writing, perhaps the most compelling part of A Spark of White Fire is how it explores the duality of fate versus free will, and how the two may not be as mutually exclusive as we may think. Integral in the story are poetic prophecies, forewarnings, and foresight to what may happen in the future – things that may indicate that destiny is a fixed and immutable thing. However, the story explores how Esmae tries to fight the cards fate – or the gods and goddesses, I should say – have dealt her, and the extent and limits of her own free will. I liked how the book oscillates between the two, and examines the implications of believing in one or the either on the characters in the story.
A Brilliant Blend of Fantasy and Space Opera with Gods Playing Favourites
The setting was another memorable aspect of the book. Within the story is a history and genealogy of the world and universe, and I loved the realised and wonderful details of the world in A Spark of White Fire. In particular, I loved Madanna's wonderful imagery and rendering of a science-fiction world, filled with technological advancements and kingdoms built on spaceships, but also fantastical elements, such as planets filled with mythical monsters and celestial weapons. I loved the integration of Indian folklore in the story, and although I'm not familiar with enough to fully appreciate the references or nods to the stories, I certainly appreciated the influences across the story.
However, one of my favourite things in the book – perhaps, it is the favourite thing – was how the gods and goddesses of the world meddle in human affairs. Within the world of A Spark of White Fire, humans go about their business, their politics, their wars, and their motivations, but gods and goddesses, for all their divine fury and power, too had their own wars and own motivations. In this world, gods and goddesses play favourites, and they'll do what they must to get what they want, even if it means divine intervention and manipulating humans with power. This added a layer of intrigue to the story, as I was curious to see how the divine would react, what they would do, and, to be honest, was pretty excited to see them unleash their fury upon someone.
Unexpected and Developed Characters, Driven by Political Intrigue
A Spark of White Fire boasts a spectacular and memorable cast of characters whom I absolutely adored. I loved Esmae as a protagonist; she was brilliant, calculating, sharp, and passionate, but underneath she is lonely, vulnerable and yearns deeply for the love of her family and to call a place home. And then there's Max, my unexpected favourite character, the adopted son of Esmae's family's enemy. Although I expected him to be as cruel and ruthless as Esmae's expects, he was… not. And that, and his characterisation, was such a lovely surprise for me. I also loved kind and soft Rama; determined Alexi; the Goddess of War, Amba, who favourites Esmae; and the side characters also made meaningful contributions to the story. Above all though, my favourite character in A Spark of White Fire was Titania, the sentient warship built by the gods and is thus unbeatable in battle. The kicker? She's not bloodthirsty at all and just wants to spend her existence flying and exploring the universe. I LOVE HER.
Although the characters are brilliant, they are tested, challenged, and their developments driven by the political intrigue and complex family ties across the story. I loved reading about the intricate web of grudges and loyalties and unbreakable vows to whom and deep-seated fears, and how they shaped the trajectory of the story. More interesting and compelling is how Esmae, once an outsider and person unknown to the powers that be, navigates the family politics, infiltrates whom she presumes to be her enemy, wins their trust, but feels torn by the choices she has yet to make and where her allegiances lie. Indeed, the Esmae's story, and character development, is brilliantly told, and I cannot wait to see what happens in the sequel, A House of Rage and Sorrow.
MY CONCLUSION: HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
I loved this book, friends. A Spark of White Fire is a rare gem, valuable and a brilliant addition to diverse space fantasy, and I'll sing this book's praises until everyone reads it. I haven't enjoyed a book from the very first word to its very last in a long time, and it is certainly a gem in YA science-fiction fantasy. An absolutely must-read.
Goodreads | Book Depository | My short review on Goodreads
Is this book for you?
Premise in a sentence: A lost princess devises a plan to reunite with her exiled twin-brother, win the crown, and fight alongside him to win back the throne – except her plans go awry.
Perfect for: Readers who love retellings and mythology; readers who love space fantasies and space operas; readers who love stories with gods who meddle with human affairs.
Think twice if: You're not a big science-fiction fan or interested in space operas.
Genre: young adult science-fiction fantasy
Trigger/content warning: attempted murder, murder, abandonment, war, blood, death of a loved one.
It's so refreshing to finally read a book that just clicked with me – outstanding narrative voice, inspired storytelling, great characters, and a plot that was hopelessly compelling. I love that I'm reading even more YA diverse space operas now, and I particularly cannot wait for the sequel, A House of Rage and Sorrow.
Have you read A Spark of White Fire? If so, what did you think?
What is your favourite or most creative retelling that you have read?
What is you favourite space opera or space fantasy story?
A Spark of White Fire, Age: Young Adult, Asian, Book Review, Fantasy, Highly Recommended, Reviewer: CW, Sangu Mandanna, Science-Fiction, Space Fantasy, Space Opera
The Pond Gets Loud: 8 Book Bloggers Share Their Experiences of Balancing Blogging and Life – Part IV
My Year of the Asian Reading Challenge TBR, West & South Asian Book Recommendations — and An Apology
9 thoughts on "A Spark Of White Fire By Sangu Mandanna – Inspired By Mahabharata, A Lost Princess, Divine Intervention; Stunning From Start To Finish"
Prags @ The Inked In Book Blog says:
This is it. I've been hearing such good things about it and I've wanted to read it so badly but this review has totally bumped it to the top of my list. I'm starting it tonight! ❤
Titania the sentient pacifist warship sounds amaaazing ❤
CW @ The Quiet Pond says:
Lydia! 💛
Oh goodness, YES, it's amazing and Titania is such a joy. I hope you get the chance to read it? I love it so much and it's such an underappreciated gem.
Kaleena @ Reader Voracious says:
Titania is my favorite sentient being and I am so glad that you loved this book as much as I did! It is such an amazing read, and this book truly doesn't get enough praise in the book blogging world. Lovely review, as always!
Isn't Titania the best?! I just want her to be free and explore space forever so she can be happy. 😭 It really doesn't get enough praise, and that makes me sad. I guess I just have to redouble my efforts and screech about it more. 😂
Titania needs to live her best life free of the obligations of men that want to use her & her power. Honestly I can't believe how much I love this sentient spaceship, it's been over six months since I read the arc??? I did finally buy a finished copy this month and am going to re-read it though because who cares about my TBR? NOT ME!
Nicole @ Feed Your Fiction Addiction says:
I completely agree with you about this book! This easily made my top ten reads of 2018.
Right?! It's such an underappreciated gem. I love this book so much and want to screech for everyone to read it 24/7. 😂
Fremde Funken 02/2019 | Gedankenfunken says:
[…] hat es mit dem Rezensieren bei mir bisher nicht geklappt. Daher habe ich mich sehr gefreut, eine Besprechung von "A Spark of White Fire" von Sangu Mandanna woanders zu sehen. CW von The Quiet Pond beschreibt die Geschichte so: "It is a […]
Leave a Reply to Fremde Funken 02/2019 | Gedankenfunken Cancel reply


Take a look at our wonderful selection of cheap B&Bs in Prague, and find your very own home-from-home in one of Europe's most spectacular cities. Staying in a B&B means enjoying personalised attention and the genuine hospitality of locals, as well as tucking into a tasty breakfast before leaving for a day of sightseeing. We have B&Bs in neighbourhoods across the city, within easy reach of all the city's biggest attractions. Whether you'd like a cosy hideaway near the Old Town Square, or a relaxed retreat near Prague's beautiful castle, we have a great choice of options for you to choose from.


text:
5 immigrants from Mexico in Staten Island arrested in ICE raids: source
Posted: 8:22 PM, Feb 11, 2017
By: Katherine Lam , CNN Wire
President Trump has said he is considering filing a new executive order to replace his travel ban.
STATEN ISLAND — Five Staten Island residents from Mexico were arrested in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids that were conducted in New York City this past week.
The immigrants were arrested in ICE raids that began on Feb. 3 and ended this Wednesday, a source told PIX11 news.
Four of the residents were arrested at their homes while another was arrested outside a courthouse in Staten Island, according to the source.
Four of the people arrested have children who are U.S. citizens, the source said.
It's unclear if any of the individuals who were taken into custody had criminal records.
Deborah Axt, co-executive director of Make the Road New York, confirmed five people were arrested in the raids. The organization released a statement on the arrests, denouncing the ICE raids that have taken place in at least six other states.
"The Trump Administration has now doubled down on its war on our communities. We have confirmed ICE raids that have swept up five immigrant Staten Island residents over the past several days. These raids have the explicit purpose of tearing families apart. Our communities are understandably extremely concerned, but also resilient. We are here to stay, and we will fight back."
New York City is a sanctuary city, a term that generally refers to communities that do not cooperate with federal immigration officials. There are at least 39 cities in the U.S. that are sanctuary cities.
President Donald Trump had promised throughout his campaign to deport the 11 million undocumented people living in the U.S.
Earlier this week an undocumented Mexican immigrant Guadalupe Garcia de Rayos was deported from Arizona to Mexico. This heightened fears that more deportations will be happening.
ICE agency said majority of the arrests, that have amounted to hundreds, were mostly criminals and fugitives.
A Department of Homeland Security spokeswoman said overall about the agency's actions that everything is "routine," and are not part of casting a widespread net.
"ICE Fugitive Operations teams are out every day as part of routine, targeted enforcement operations," said acting press secretary Gillian Christensen. "These are existing, established fugitive operations teams. ICE does not conduct sweeps or raids that target aliens indiscriminately. ICE only conducts targeted enforcement of criminal aliens and other individuals who are in violation of our nation's immigration laws."
While ICE characterized the actions as routine, fear remains that the Trump administration's recent executive order beefing up interior enforcement of immigration laws could mean a vast expansion of deportations of undocumented immigrants.
PIX11 Reporter Myles Miller contributed to this report.


text:
Q: GET request body parameters undefined I'm trying to retrieve the parameters of a GET request as follows but anything I try logs out as 'undefined':
GET
// Find a list of Players
$scope.find = function() {
    $scope.players = Players.query({limit: 50});
};

Middleware
//Players service
angular.module('players').factory('Players', ['$resource',
function($resource) {
    return $resource('players/:playerId', { playerId: '@_id'
    }, {
        update: {
            method: 'PUT'
        }
    });
}
]);

End Point
exports.list = function(req, res) {

Player.find().sort('-created').limit(req.body.limit).populate('user', 'displayName').exec(function(err, players) {
    if (err) {
        return res.status(400).send({
            message: errorHandler.getErrorMessage(err)
        });
    } else {
        res.jsonp(players);
    }
});
};

A: A good discussion on GET with message body - Is this statement correct? HTTP GET method always has no message body
In short, the behavior of servers when using message body with GET would probably not be consistent.

A: As my request is a GET I need to attain the parameters (within the query string) using .query:
Player.find().sort('-created').limit(req.query.limit).populate('user', 'displayName').exec(function(err, players) {
    if (err) {
        return res.status(400).send({
            message: errorHandler.getErrorMessage(err)
        });
    } else {
        res.jsonp(players);
    }
  });
};

This answer was greatly helpful More info

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Medical Co-Director of Instituto Bernabeu, Dr Joaquín Llácer, recently gave a speech as part of the Human Reproduction Master's course organised by the Complutense University in Madrid and SEF, the Spanish Fertility Society. The gynaecologist participated in the Master's course with a speech entitled 'Categorisation in Assisted Reproduction Patients'.
Meanwhile, on February 10th, the director of the Reproductive Biology Operational Unit at Instituto Bernabeu, Dr Jorge Ten, will take part in the same specialized course. The Instituto Bernabeu Biologist will talk about egg and ovarian tissue vitrification.
The aim of this specialist course is to give university degree holders and graduates of Health Sciences theoretical and practical training on the knowledge and skills required for dealing with reproduction issues.


text:
#ifndef TENSORFLOW_CORE_COMMON_RUNTIME_EAGER_PROFILER_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_CORE_COMMON_RUNTIME_EAGER_PROFILER_H_

#include "tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/context.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/status.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/device_tracer.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/mutex.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/protobuf/config.pb.h"

namespace tensorflow {

// A profiler which will start profiling when creating the object and will stop
// when either the object is destroyed or SerializedToString is called. It will
// profile all operations run under the given EagerContext.
// Multiple instances of it can be created, but at most one of them will profile
// for each EagerContext. Status() will return OK only for the instance that is
// profiling.
// Thread-safety: TFE_Profiler is thread-safe.
class EagerProfiler : RunMetadataListener {
 public:
  // Creates and EagerProfiler and starts profiling.
  static std::unique_ptr<EagerProfiler> Create(EagerContext* const context);

  // Deletes an exsiting Profiler and enables starting a new one.
  ~EagerProfiler() override;

  void BeforeClearRunMetadata() override LOCKS_EXCLUDED(mutex_)
      EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(context_->MetadataMu());
  tensorflow::Status Status() LOCKS_EXCLUDED(mutex_);

  tensorflow::Status SerializeToString(string* content) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(mutex_);

 private:
  // Constructs an instance of the class and starts profiling
  explicit EagerProfiler(EagerContext* const context);

  // Profiler is neither copyable or movable.
  EagerProfiler(const EagerProfiler&) = delete;
  EagerProfiler& operator=(const EagerProfiler&) = delete;

  void Stop() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(mutex_);

  RunMetadata run_metadata_ GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
  tensorflow::Status status_ GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
  std::unique_ptr<DeviceTracer> device_tracer_ GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
  EagerContext* context_ GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
  mutex mutex_;
};

}  // namespace tensorflow
#endif  // TENSORFLOW_CORE_COMMON_RUNTIME_EAGER_PROFILER_H_


text:
Ireland's two richest people have more wealth – €15 billion – than half of the Irish population who have €10.3 billion.
Posted by: Christine Bale
Today (Jan 16th) Oxfam publishes a report that shows for the first time in a quarter of a century the rich are getting richer while the poor are getting even poorer. Staggering inequalities are highlighted in "Survival of the Richest", as elites gather in Davos, Switzerland for the World Economic Forum.
Alarmingly, the report captures the acceleration in inequitable wealth distribution. Globally, over the past two years, the richest 1% have acquired nearly twice as much wealth as the rest of humanity — the 99% put together. This comes on top of a decade of unprecedented gains for the super-rich. (See Figure 1 in notes.)
In Ireland:
The number of Irish people with individual wealth of over €46.6 million (US$50 million) has more than doubled between 2012 and 2022, rising from 655 to 1,435 people.
For every €93.15 (US$100) of wealth created in the last ten years, €31.67 (US$34) has gone to the richest 1% and less than €0.5 to the bottom 50%. This means that the richest 1% have gained 70 times more wealth than the bottom 50% in the last 10 years.
The richest 1% of Irish people have 27% of wealth and the bottom own just 1.1%
Oxfam Ireland's CEO, Jim Clarken, said: "This rising wealth at the top and rising poverty for the rest are two sides of the same coin, proof that our economic system is functioning exactly how the rich and powerful designed it to.
"It was 10 years ago when we first sounded the alarm about extreme inequality at the World Economic Forum and yet since then the world's billionaires have almost doubled their wealth. As crisis after crisis hits the poorest people hardest, it's time for Governments, including Ireland's, to tax the rich. The very existence of billionaires while out-of-control inequality rises, is damning proof of policy failure."
A wealth tax on elite Irish wealth at graduated rates of 2%, 3% and 5% above a high threshold of €4.7 million would raise €8.2 billion annually, with the potential to transform Irish public services in health, housing and education while also delivering on our international and climate commitments.
Internationally the money is even more urgently needed by ordinary people. Entire countries are facing bankruptcy, with the poorest countries now spending four times more repaying debts to rich creditors than on healthcare. Three-quarters of the world's governments are planning austerity-driven public sector spending cuts — including on healthcare and education — of $7.8 trillion over the next five years.
Jeff Bezos, one of the world's richest men, paid a 'true tax rate' of just 1% from 2014 to 2018. Aber Christine, a market trader in Northern Uganda who sells rice, flour and soya, makes $80 a month in profit. She pays a tax rate of 40%.
Where this has led is to the World Bank announcing that the world has almost certainly lost its goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030. "Global progress in reducing extreme poverty has grinded to a halt" amid what the Bank says was likely to be the largest increase in global inequality and the largest setback in global poverty since WW2. The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than $2.15 (€2.30) per day.
Oxfam believes an international approach to taxing the super-rich is needed and we are calling for governments to introduce both permanent wealth taxes and temporary windfall taxes.
We want an end to crisis profiteering. Research shows that this is responsible for between 50%-80% of cost-of-living increases in the US and Europe.
We are calling for a tax on the wealth of the richest 1% percent at rates high enough to redistribute these resources. Oxfam believes that, as a starting point, the world should aim to halve the wealth and number of billionaires between now and 2030 and ultimately abolish this extreme inequality.
At home, Oxfam Ireland is specifically calling on the Irish Government to apply a wealth tax on elite Irish wealth at graduated rates of 2%, 3% and 5% above a high threshold of €4.7 million. This would raise €8.2 billion annually.
Full report available here. Methodology available on request.
Contact: Clare Cronin, External Communication Manager: +353871952551
Wealth calculations
Oxfam's calculations on wealth and inequality are based on the most up-to-date and comprehensive data sources available.
By combining data from Forbes, Credit Suisse and Wealth-X, a private company producing wealth data for market analysis, Oxfam has been able to assess wealth and inequality per country in much greater detail, to the top 1% and 5% and to count numbers of high-net worth individuals.
In Ireland Oxfam Found:
8 billionaries
1,435 individuals with €47 million
20,575 individuals worth over €4.7 million.
While Ireland's number of billionaires has dropped from nine to eight, the numbers of individuals in each of the other two categories above has more than doubled in the last decade, by 119% and 118%. All of these figures are adjusted for inflation.
By using Credit Suisse's Global Wealth Reports and data, Oxfam has found:
The top 1% of Irish society owns 27% of wealth - (€232 billion)
The top 10% owns 64% of wealth (€547 billion).
The bottom 50% of Irish society owns only 1% of wealth (€9 billion).


The recipes on this post are your top 5 favorite recipes. To search all of my recipes, use the keyword search box at the top right, or browse through the archives.
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Oooh, I remember all of them! Delicious!
I have the bread pizza bookmarked and I am looking very forward to making it soon. This is a great post - fun idea!
Hi Alida, I'm sure you will like the bread pizza, taste great. Quick and easy to make, and don't break the wallet. If you try the recipe let me know what you think.
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Two thumbs up on this! Yummy!


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Beijing wants to end excessive land grabs and evictions of Chinese farmers. But the planned reform of the land administration law does not remove the root causes of the problem: urbanization pressure and fiscal problems at the local level.
The Chinese government has long recognized the need to stop excessive land grabs and evictions of Chinese farmers by subnational governments. During this years' annual session of the National People's Congress the Minister of Land and Resources Jiang Daming announced changes to the Land Administration Law, which would be made public after approval. The announcement was preceded by heated debates among NPC delegates how to address the core problem of the current law: unclear farmers' land rights.
Due to China's socialist past, land property and management rights are a complex issue. In China there is no private ownership of land. All land in the cities is owned by the state and leased out to citizens for 70 years for a fee. Land in the countryside is owned by the village collectives and the usage rights are assigned to the members of the collective free of charge. According to law, collectively owned land is prohibited from being circulated. Therefore, subnational governments need to expropriate and convert it into urban land in order to utilize it for non-agricultural purposes.
The law in its current form is criticized by academics for its vague terminology, which does not sufficiently safeguard farmers' interests. According to Article 2 of the Land Administration Law, "[t]he State may, in the interest of the public, lawfully expropriate or requisition land and give compensation accordingly." The phrase "in the interest of the public" is not clearly defined, giving the government wide discretionary power.
The resulting wrongful treatment of famers in China in the form of land grabs and forced evictions by local governments causes regular protests, which sometimes take extreme forms. Homeowners' resistance to leave their properties has led to the widely photographed phenomenon of "nail houses," structures sticking out like nails in the middle of an area slated for re-developments. All over rural China, desperate farmers have murdered village authorities or committed or attempted suicide in dramatic self-immolations.
The scale of these problems is huge. Land disputes trigger half of an estimated 100,000 social protests in China every year, making them the second leading cause for public unrest after labor disputes. In 2013, the number of expropriated farmers was estimated at 50 million, and as growing by some three million per year. Farmers also suffer from unfair and insufficient monetary compensation for their land loss. The compensation is calculated based on former agricultural output, but the authorities then transfer the acquired land use rights to developers based on much higher market prices.
As China's urbanization proceeds at tremendous speed, more land is needed for infrastructure projects, industrial, residential and commercial purposes. The CCP's "New-type Urbanization Plan" (2014-2020) sets the urbanization target of 60 percent by 2020 (compared to 36 per cent in 2002 and about 56 per cent now), which means that another 54 million will need room in China's cities. As state-owned urban construction land has become a rare resource, subnational governments rely heavily on the acquisition of rural land.
Fiscal constraints are another driver for the conversion of rural into urban land. Subnational governments have to some degree become financially dependent on expropriations after a tax reform in 1994 decreased their share in China's total tax revenue. Some significant taxes like the consumption tax flow mainly into the central state's coffers, and property taxes are an unstable and inadequate revenue source, accounting for only 15.7 percent of local tax revenues. "Land financing" – meaning the described practice of expropriating collective land for a low compensation and transferring the use rights to developers at a considerably higher price – thus became a new method of financing at the local level. As of 2007, the nationwide land leasing income made up 50.7 per cent of total local revenue.
The announced revision of the Land Administration Law, based on local experimentation in 33 counties around China, is expected to introduce a system in which each member of a rural collective has an additional management right for his or her allotted part of the land. Under current laws there is no general distinction between the land usage right (承包权) and the land management right (经营权). Since 2016, the central government has allowed village collectives to lease their land to agricultural corporations in order to foster more efficient corporate farming.
The planned amendments would enable these collectives, but also individual farmers, to transfer land management rights directly to developers. According to the official announcement on the draft, this novelty aims at a) increasing the amount of accessible land on the real estate market without relying solely on expropriations and at b) strengthening farmers' legal position and opening up new venues for potential profit from leasing out their land use rights.
The main flaw in the system however would remain as even the revised law would not protect farmers from expropriation and the conversion of collective-held into state-owned land. For this to change, there would have to be a clear legal definition of the term "public interest," which allows government land grabs. Such a definition seems to be lacking in the proposed reform.
The central government would also have to remove the incentives for the excessive use of land grabs to finance local budgets. Beijing would have to help subnational governments generate other forms of revenue or to come up with a new formula for revenue sharing.
The announced revision of the Land Administration Law could be an important step towards a better protection of farmers' rights. But as long as the root causes of the problem – urbanization pressures and fiscal constraints – are not addressed, China's farmers will be at the losing end of the battle with land-hungry developers and local authorities.
Katharina Otte worked for the Society and Media Program at MERICS from January to March 2017. She is a graduate of Modern China Studies at University of Cologne.