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Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Nootropics
Nootropics Benefits
What Are Nootropics?
Nootropics FAQs
The Definitive Guide To Noopept
Noopept or N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester is known for its role in modulating cognitive function.
Understanding just how Noopept might be able to improve your cognitive abilities could lead to a range of performance-enhancing benefits including brain optimization, neuroprotection and an increase in creativity.
1 What Is Noopept?
2 How Does Noopept Affect The Brain?
3 Benefits Of Noopept
3.1 Improved Memory
3.2 Improved Brain Health
3.3 Induce Relaxation
3.4 Improve Performance
4 Noopept's Speed of Action
5 Proper Dosage
6 Side Effects
What Is Noopept?
Noopept is the brand name for the chemical N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine, a synthetic ethyl ester that acts as a nootropic. Noopept is sometimes referred to as a "smart drug" because of its ability to enhance brain function. Noopept is a synthetic version of Piracetam, which is itself a synthetic version of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the function of the nervous system. Because it is synthetic, it is not naturally created in your body, and so you need to take it as a supplement in order to receive its benefits.
Noopept was designed at the State Zakusov Institute in Moscow and is similar in structure to piracetam. They both contain a pyrrolidine ring with acylated nitrogen, amide moiety and a fragment of glycine (1).
How Does Noopept Affect The Brain?
Noopept can induce a range of changes to brain function and there are a few ways in which it acts on cognitive mechanisms.
One of the ways that Noopept can induce cognitive change is through its modulation of certain receptors.
Noopept has been shown to increase:
The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Research tells us that BDNF expression is increased in the cerebral cortex after chronic dosing, and that mRNA expression increased in the hippocampus after acute dosing. Importantly, studies also tell us that chronic (long term dosing) of Noopept didn't result in the development of a tolerance to the drug, but instead may actually improve the effects of Noopept (2).
NGF is a neuropeptide that was first discovered in 1950 that is mediated through two NGF-receptors known as trkA, a high-affinity receptor, and p75, a low-affinity transmembrane glycoprotein (3). NGF is a growth and survival factor and is also known as a neurotrophin, it plays a key role in the nervous system's response to pain with its receptor trkA being found in the sensory neurons that respond to painful stimuli (4). NGF is also known to have a protective effect on nerve cells, acting on both the survival of neurons and the regulation of neurotransmitters and neuropeptide synthesis (3).
BDNF is the most common growth factor in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF is a protein that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of brain plasticity. Plasticity is the brain's ability to change, which of course, is crucial to healthy cognitive function. BDNF largely signals through its strong affinity to the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, where it induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of the receptor. This then can then lead to the activation of intracellular signaling cascades and an increase of NDMA receptor currents. BDNF also plays an important role in neuronal cell health and is necessary for the survival and development of GABA, dopaminergic, and serotonin neurons. BDNF belongs to the same family as NGF and may play a crucial role in learning and memory function, and mood regulation and it may be able to play a role in treating diseases like depression and schizophrenia (4).
Messenger ribonucleic acid or mRNA is a molecule key to the expression of genetic information. The mRNA life cycle includes the transcription, export, and translation of genetic information which is key to the healthy functioning of neuronal cells (5).
Noopept also modulates the receptors of AMPA, NMDA, and acetylcholine. This modulation occurs through Noopept increasing cycloprolylglycine (CPG), a dipeptide that can act on AMPA, NMDA, and acetylcholine receptors (6,7,8,9). The modulation of these receptors can allow for the proper levels of glutamate to be maintained (10). An excess of glutamate in neuronal cells can be toxic to cell health and can even cause cell death (11).
Benefits Of Noopept
Involved in many brain functions and neuronal mechanisms, it might therefore not come as a surprise that Noopept has the ability to induce a variety of cognitive benefits. From improving memory to maintaining cognitive health, there are many reasons why Noopept might be the right fit for you.
One of the claims about Noopept is its ability to improve memory function. There are many reasons why an improved memory might be able to significantly improve your life. Tasks involved in work and hobbies can involve memory recall, which is damaged or lessened could significantly impact the quality and efficiency of someone's work. Personal relationships also rely heavily on competent memory skills and might be greatly improved through peak memory function. There are also degenerative diseases related to energy that result in a reduction of memory, like Alzheimer's disease and dementia. These diseases can be particularly debilitating to both patients and families and a drug like Noopept that has been shown to increase cognitive memory function may be able to offer a therapeutic treatment option.
As previously discussed, Noopept was able in one study to increase BDNF levels in the hippocampus of rats. The hippocampus is an area of the brain that is associated with memory (2). We know that BDNF plays a crucial role in brain plasticity and possibly learning and memory functions and so it's upregulation in an area of the brain associated with memory leads to the possibility that Noopept may be able to provide improvements to cognitive function by improving memory (5).
One study investigated Noopept and how it might affect behavioral changes. Rats were used for the study and were given a bilateral olfactory bulbectomy.
An olfactory bulbectomy involves the removal of the olfactory bulb, an area at the front of the brain that is usually associated with smell. Research tells us that the removal of the olfactory bulb in rats can lead to a range of deficits, including memory decreases, changes to food motivation, an increase in depression levels, and changes to behavior when using the Morris maze. The removal of the olfactory bulb is also thought to result in changes to a range of neurotransmitter systems (12).
After the olfactory bulbectomy, the rat participants demonstrated impaired memory, neuronal damage, and Alzheimer's disease symptoms. Noopept was then administered to the rats at a dose of 0.01/mg per kilo for 21 days and the results showed that it was able to improve spatial memory and increase the levels of some serum antibodies. It is also thought this increased immune response of Noopept, specifically on the Abeta35-35 peptide, may be responsible for the improvement in spatial memory seen in the rats (13).
Improved Brain Health
Noopept may also be able to improve the health of neuronal cells that are key to proper functioning. Healthy and functioning brain cells are important for almost every aspect of cognitive functioning. If neuronal cells don't work properly, or are at risk of cell death then things like memory, thought processes, mood, and even normal bodily functions are at risk of dysfunction. Just like any other part of your body, you want to keep brain cells healthy!
One study out of Russia looked into the neuroprotective properties of Noopept by causing toxicity in PC12 cells, a cell line derived from the brain cells of rats. Noopept was first added to the PC12 cells and then 72 hours later the dysfunctional cell environment was created. The cells were then evaluated to see how effective Noopept was in protecting cell functions such as viability, mitochondrial function, oxygen levels determined by ROS, calcium homeostasis, and neurite outgrowth from the induced damage. The results showed that Noopept was able to protect the neural cells and improve cell viability, enhance mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce the number of apoptotic cells that induce cell death. This study showed that Noopept holds a lot of potential as an improver of cognitive function and in maintaining the viability of neural cells (14).
Induce Relaxation
We could all probably do with more relaxation in our lives, the everyday stresses and pressures we come across can have a serious negative impact on mental health and cognitive performance. While it can affect people differently, stress can result in mood disorders, sleep disorders, headaches, and pain. In fact, 33% of adults have been found to feel symptoms of stress (15). But stress is not just in your head, hormones like cortisol play a key role in stress symptoms.
One study looked into how Noopept affects brain waves and the researchers found that Noopept, given at a 0.2mg per kg dose, managed to increase the activity of alpha waves, with a wait time of 30 and 40 minutes in all brain areas between Noopept administration and when the activity began (16). These results are significant in terms of Noopept's ability to induce relaxation because an increase in the frequency of alpha frequency band waves is thought to provide a feeling of relaxation that occurs without drowsiness (17). Alpha frequency band waves have also been linked to feelings of joy and an improved ability to learn (18).
Improved cognitive performance can have a range of benefits, encouraging better orientation, counting, observation, and memory skills to name a few. Noopept offers potential as an enhancer of cognitive performance.
A 2009 study investigated the effect of Noopept on cognitive function and performance in participants with mild cognitive disorders caused by organic brain diseases. Participants in the study were given Noopept daily over the 56-day trial. Patients were given Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE) and Cognitive Capacity Screen Examinations (CCSE) before and after the Noopept trial. The CCSE tests for memory, counting and orientation ability, and skills involved in determining and grouping certain objects. The MMSE measures cognitive impairment and tests for recall, language, calculation, and command-following abilities. The results showed that Noopept was able to improve cognitive function in the MMSE test and also demonstrated improved CCSE scores (19).
Noopept's Speed of Action
In addition to the range of benefits that may be possible through Noopept use, the research also tells us that these Noopept benefits can be felt much faster than is often seen in nootropics. Some nootropics need to be taken for a long period of time before results are seen. Nootropics like bacopa monnieri, for example, may not demonstrate it's cognitive benefits until weeks of use. Nootropics that show immediate results are beneficial because patients are able to quickly realize if the nootropic is ideal for them and then possibly adhere to its routine better as they know that they are able to see results.
We know that Noopept is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is the barrier to neural cells, so by being able to cross this barrier, Noopept has an advantage over other nootropics that cannot, which may possibly increase its activation time (20). Studies have also demonstrated Noopept's ability to induce a result within minutes, rather than the weeks that you might have to wait for some nootropic effects. In one study involving Noopept and glutamate receptors in rats, Noopept was able to induce an effect within 30 minutes of delivery (16).
Proper Dosage
When it comes to any form of medication, understand the proper dosage to take is extremely important to ensure you are using it safely and with Noopepts faster delivery time, it makes correct dosing even more important.
An appropriate dose of Noopept seems to lie around 10 to 30 mg per day, which can be spread out over the day. Noopept can be purchased either as a powder or as a solid pill or capsule. Taking Noopept on an empty stomach may be able to improve its absorption rate, and taking Noopept sublingually by letting it dissolve under the tongue is another effective method of delivery. Sublingual delivery allows nootropics like Noopept to avoid the lengthier delivery route of the digestive system and instead move directly into the bloodstream and be able to act faster.
Most medications or supplements can induce side effects which can range from the very mild to the very severe. It's important to understand what the side effects of a product are before consuming it so that you know what to be aware of, and what is a normal reaction.
Noopept is thought to be relatively safe, with most studies involving Noopept reporting minimal or mild side effects. While side effects do seem to be rare with Noopept use, there may be a rise of some mild effects such as headaches, sore stomachs, and fatigue, which may occur when doses that are too high. One solution to the headaches could be choline supplements since a lack of choline has been linked to an increase in headaches (21).
While Noopept is safe and most of the studies reported minimal side effects, one study has indicated that Noopept may be able to negatively impact sleep patterns and blood pressure levels. The study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, investigated Noopept as a treatment for patients with mild cognitive disorders. Unfortunately, 3 of the 46 patients had to drop out of the study because they experienced side effects of abrupt blood pressure changes and disturbances to regular sleep routines. While this was only one study, it is something to keep in mind when taking the side effects of Noopept into account (22).
Noopept is a synthetic nootropic that can induce a range of effects on the brain that positively affect cognitive function. By increasing the expression of NGF, BDNF, mRNA, AMPA, NMDA, and acetylcholine, Noopept has demonstrated an ability to improve conditions for optimal neural cell functioning. With this knowledge in mind, it is perhaps unsurprising that studies involving Noopept show such a range of cognitive improvements. Improvements to memory, cognitive health, stress levels, and cognitive performance have all been demonstrated results in scientific studies involving Noopept.
While Noopept sounds like a "super-drug" it is important to remember that nootropics like Noopept are not a simple-cure all and while they may provide a boost to cognitive functions, they cannot change personality traits.
There have been some side effects reported from Noopept use, from minimal effects including headaches and fatigue to the more serious blood pressure increases as evidenced in one study. Most studies investigating the effects of Noopept determined it to be safe and effective, but if you have any concerns about using it, or how it may interact with other medications or supplement then consult your doctor.
As a booster to cognitive function Noopept seems to have proven itself and more research into the full range of effects you can expect from Noopept is very welcome.
Philip Ghezelbash
Philip Ghezelbash is a medical writer, science graduate, ex-personal trainer, and the founder of Writing Studio. He is passionate about simplifying complex science to help people learn more about how they can improve their health.
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<< Back Mini : 60 Years by Giles Chapman
Mini : 60 Years by Giles Chapman
9780760363997 Motobooks International
Mini celebrates 60 amazing years of this iconic car, from its revolutionary introduction to the popularity of its new-generation models.
The first two-door Mini, introduced in 1959 and built until 2000, revolutionized automotive design with its innovative front-wheel-drive layout that made the car appear bigger on the inside than the outside. In 1999, the Mini was voted the second most influential car of the 20th century, behind the Ford Model T.
Designed for British Motor Corporation (BMC) by Sir Alec Issigonis and manufactured in England, Australia, Spain, Belgium, Chile, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia, the Mini was as successful in competition as it was on the street, winning the Monte Carlo Rally four times from 1964 through 1967.
Originally built by BMC, the Mini's later parent company, Rover, was acquired by BMW in 1994. In 2000, BMW sold most of the Rover Group but retained the Mini brand. The last and 5,387,862nd original Mini rolled off the production line in October, 2000. In July 2001, BMW launched production of the new-generation of Mini which was soon joined by Countryman, Clubman, convertible, Cooper Works, and numerous special editions. Nearly 20 years later, the new Minis remain as popular as the original from 1959.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Vancouver, January 10, 2018 – 92 Resources Corp. (the "Company") (TSX.v: NTY) (OTCQB: RGDCF) (FSE: R9G2) is pleased to provide an update on the metallurgical program for the Company's wholly owned Hidden Lake Lithium Project (the "Project" or "Property"), Northwest Territories. The Property is situated within the central parts of the Yellowknife Lithium Pegmatite Belt, along Highway 4, approximately 40 km east of Yellowknife.
The Company is pleased to report that the recently announced (see news release dated December 5th, 2017) dense media separation (DMS) mini-pilot plant has been completed, with highly encouraging results. A total of ~400 kg of composited, whole rock pegmatite material from Hidden Lake (pegmatites HL1, HL3, HL4, and D12) was processed during the pilot, producing over 40 kg of high-grade spodumene(1) concentrate averaging 6.11% Li2O.
The DMS mini-pilot performed in line with expectations as indicated from the recent heavy liquid separation (HLS) test work, whereby high-grade concentrate with low lithium loss to the tailings fraction was demonstrated. The test work continues to support that a final overall concentrate grade of 6.0% to 6.5% Li2O at high recovery (80-85%) is achievable using low-cost and conventional processing techniques.
A comparison chart of the HLS vs DMS results is found below in Table 1, with Figure 1 a graphic illustration of the combined flotation and DMS flowsheet.
The assays for tantalum from the various DMS product streams are pending. However, once received, the deportment of the Ta will be better understood and an approach for recovery further evaluated.
As a sufficient amount of the middling fraction is now available, batch flotation and locked cycle test work on the combined DMS middlings and undersize fraction (-0.85 mm) will be completed shortly. This will provide for a complete and demonstrated base flowsheet with overall grade and recovery for the Project. The flotation locked cycle testing will provide for more reliable data, as it effectively mimics, on a smaller scale, the recirculating streams of a flotation pilot plant operation.
The Company currently has two applicable flowsheet approaches for the recovery of lithium bearing minerals at Hidden Lake. The first, involves flotation only circuit, where bench scale test work has demonstrated high-grade spodumene(1) concentrate (>6% Li2O) at high overall recovery (±80-85%) is achievable. The second involves a combination of flotation and DMS, with work to date strongly indicating a similar grade and recovery profile as that of flotation only approach.
Although high-grade concentrates at high recovery may be achievable and cost-effective using only flotation, a combination of dense media separation (DMS) and flotation is often the preferred approach for spodumene recovery from pegmatite for a variety of reasons – typically more cost effective to operate, easier to control, have a shorter operational start-up period, as well as having overall less risk.
The base flowsheet being developed for the Project is comprised of a crushing and classification circuit with the -0.85 mm fraction set aside, and the +0.85 mm fraction processed by DMS. This produces three streams – concentrate, tailings, and a middlings. The middlings are then combined with the -0.85 mm fraction, set aside earlier, and processed by flotation, producing a second concentrate and tailings. The flotation concentrate is combined with the DMS concentrate to produce the final concentrate and overall recovery. This flowsheet is graphically presented below.
Whole rock channel samples, collected from the recently completed 2017 summer field program, were used as feed material for DMS pilot plant. The work is being completed as part of the Phase II beneficiation program, whereas Phase I targeted the characterization of the material. The highly encouraging results of the Phase II work to date are a direct result of the coarse-grained nature of the spodumene and its favourable liberation characteristics as indicated from the Phase I work.
All test work is being completed by SGS at their facility in Lakefield, ON, and is being monitored by Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd.
Montebrasite, a common lithium phosphate mineral, forms a minor component of the spodumene concentrate. Lithium from both spodumene and montebrasite has been demonstrated extractable at high recoveries.
Darren L. Smith, M.Sc., P. Geol., of Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd., a Qualified Person as defined by National Instrument 43-101, supervised the preparation of the technical information in this news release.
92 Resources Corp is a modern energy solution company, focused on acquiring and advancing strategic and prospective modern energy related projects. The Company currently holds three principal assets in Canada: the Hidden Lake Lithium Property, NWT, the Corvette Lithium Property, QC, and the Golden Frac Sand Property, BC.
The Hidden Lake Lithium Property is strategically located within the heart of the Yellowknife Pegmatite District with 2016 exploration results returning 1.90% Li2O over 9 m and grab samples up to 3.3% Li2O. The Property is easily road accessible and its proximity to infrastructure provides for numerous development advantages.
The Corvette property consists of 76 claims, totalling 3,891 hectares, situated within the Guyer greenstone belt, which is also a favourable geological environment for gold occurrences. A summer 2017 due diligence site visit has returned samples of 3.48% and 7.32% lithium dioxide from spodumene-bearing pegmatite exposed at surface.
The Golden Frac Sand Property covers more than a 4 km length of the Mount Wilson Formation, which consists of high purity, white, quartzite and friable sandstones. It's strategic location in western Canada and proximity to infrastructure, provides competitive access to the oil and gas markets where high-quality frac sand is an essentially input. The adjacent Moberly Silica Sand Mine, owned and operated by Heemskirk Canada Ltd., produces a number of high-purity products and as of February 2017, became subject to a takeover bid by Northern Silica Corporation valued at $42.3 million AUD.


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Wolves can cooperate with humans as well as dogs, but in different ways
Wolves take more initiative, whereas dogs are more human-oriented.
by Mihai Andrei
in Biology, News
A new study finds that wolves are equally capable of collaborating with humans, just in different ways.
For thousands of years, humans and dogs evolved together — with dogs often adapting to our way of being and our social system. Naturally, you'd expect dogs to be better adapted to working with humans than wolves, but that's not really the case, a new study finds. According to the study, the ability of dogs to cooperate lies not within the dogs themselves — but within the "wolf inside the dog."
The study assessed the extent to which dogs and grey wolves can collaborate to solve certain tasks. A sample size of 15 grey wolves (11 males, 4 females) and 12 mixed-breed dogs (7 males, 5 females) were tested at the Wolf Science Center in Ernstbrunn, Austria, where animals are socialized with people very early on. The tests were all variations of the so-called cooperative-pulling paradigm: an experimental design in which two or more animals pull rewards toward themselves via an apparatus that they cannot successfully operate alone. It's a commonly used setup, often employed to assess the cooperative capabilities of different animals.
Results show that both dogs and wolves had equally good results, although they worked in different ways: wolves showed more initiative, whereas dogs were more team-oriented. This also helps to show why dogs are better pets than wolves.
"The detailed analysis of the cooperative interactions revealed interesting differences between wolves and dogs. It shows that, while wolves tend to initiate behaviour and take the lead, dogs are more likely to wait and see what the human partner does and follow that behaviour."
Wolf-human team during the experiment. Image credits: Friederike Range/Vetmeduni Vienna.
The results came as somewhat a surprise. It's not that dogs are more intelligent than wolves — quite the opposite. There's strong evidence suggesting that wolves are every bit as smart as dogs, and perhaps even have the edge. However, as dogs and humans have evolved in similar environmental constraints, this is often regarded as an example of convergent evolution — the independent evolution of similar features in different species — which would be an advantage to dogs.
However, wolves are a highly cooperative species, working together to raise the young, hunt and defend their territory.
Overall, the two seem to balance each other out.
"Due to their convergent evolution, dogs have been suggested as a good model for the evolution of human social skills, such as tolerance and cooperativeness. However, recent studies have revealed that wolves (dogs' closest undomesticated relatives) are more tolerant and cooperative with conspecifics than dogs," researchers conclude.
Journal Reference: Friederike Range, Sarah Marshall-Pescini, Corinna Kratz, Zsófia Virányi. Wolves lead and dogs follow, but they both cooperate with humans. Scientific Reports, 2019; 9 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40468-y
Mihai Andrei
Andrei's background is in geophysics, and he's been fascinated by it ever since he was a child. Feeling that there is a gap between scientists and the general audience, he started ZME Science -- and the results are what you see today.


Jul 03, 2017 · http://www.insurezero.com/ InsureZero Blog – All you need to know about Insurance 10 interesting facts about car insurance | PART 1.
Don't be misinformed about your car insurance coverage. Here are 3 common car insurance myths and the facts behind them.
Interesting Facts About Cars and Driving 1. What are the North Carolina Requirements for Car Insurance (2015)? September. Why is Insurance for Teenage Drivers so.
"I make no finding of any actual impropriety having occurred on the facts of this case. Since 1990, Ontario has had no-fau.
10 interesting facts on Google's self driving car – Take a look at 10 interesting facts on Google's self driving car… Image: Google started tests on Toyota Prius. Photograph: Reuters Google started testing self-driving technology with the Toyota Prius.
Related: What is gap insurance, and why would you pay for it? The second is a little more helpful for consumers. Let's say th.
Different Vehicles, Different Insurance Options. By David Webb – On May 3, 2018. A Beginner's Guide to Choosing the Right Car Insurance Policy.
Throughout the years, I've collected some of the most interesting primary and secondary research related to the millennial generation (also termed Gen Y).
Let's take a look at some interesting facts about Fleming and his work. Ian Fleming also wrote the novel Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car, on which the 1968 film musical was based. * Flemin.
Interesting Facts About Car Insurance. you may be surprised to learn that there are actually some interesting facts about auto insurance you might use to.
Let's Address The Most Interesting Fact About Car Insurance Insuring your young adult children on your policy must be done correctly The agents who make their employ at Martin Insurance Team are just that – a team!
A drugged-driving case that toppled the state police command staff and put a district attorney and the state's public safety.
It features some really interesting and ancient cars from Japan, some of which you probably never knew existed. But on Sunday.
Previously on Wynonna Earp, Bulshar rose, Mama Earp showed up (in a prison, here all along), vampires came and went, and the.
Car and car insurance? Check. Internet setup. to our new neighbors who loan us salt and give us tomatoes fresh from their.
Catastrophe Facts & Statistics. A catastrophe, as defined by the insurance industry, is a natural disaster that causes a certain dollar amount, currently set at.
An ad for polio health insurance (along with other childhood diseases. The Buick dealership on Princess Anne had an interesting alternative to a new car though: people could bring in their 1937 or.
Dollar-a-day car insurance is available in New Jersey for people who qualify for Medicaid. The Department of Banking Insurance in New Jersey developed this program so that drivers, can afford to carry medical liability to cover the medical costs incurred if they cause an accident.
They are mostly or entirely willing to accept the known facts of the investigation. But I can write the arguments I find m.
My VIP tour guide and self-proclaimed lover of all movies, Kyle Griffith, shared some interesting theme park and movie facts.
There are reports that around two months ago, an owner of luxury car reached Sotiganj automobile market from Delhi after the showroom in Delhi was unavailable to arrange the part missing in the car. I.
It might be common for some of us not to worry too much about car insurance stuff and be tempted to drive our friend's car when we visit them.
Some interesting facts about James Bond creator Ian Fleming – Let's take a look at some interesting facts about Fleming and his work. Ian Fleming also wrote the novel Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car, on which the 1968 film musical was based. * Flemin.
The Facts. Liability insurance is insurance against legal liability to pay compensation and court costs, where the insured has been found negligent in respect to injuries sustained by another person or damage to his property.


This paper is to explain Japan's monetary control techniques and to analyze how they determine short-term money market rates and the money stock. We analyze that interest rates in the short-term call and bill-discount markets, operating variables of the Bank of Japan, are determined mainly through the adjustment of the official discount rate and of the "progress ratio of reserve deposits." We also analyze that the Bank of Japan controls an intermediate target, by relying the transmission of initial changes in the call and bill rates to other financial markets. Finally, we point out some problems that the Bank of Japan has to consider regarding monetary control during the process of financial globalization.


Do all of these terms refer to the same thing? Generally, yes. All of the above terms are referring to cases in which the parties involved in the divorce are not fighting or hotly contesting.
Cooperative divorces are typically cheaper, quicker, and less stressful.
Many cooperative divorces can be achieved without any court appearances.
Cooperative divorces typically involve only one party hiring one attorney. The parties do not "share" an attorney (we represent only the petitioner in a cooperative divorce case).
You do not get your "day in court" or any sense of "vindication" with a cooperative divorce, but you might get those things in a regular divorce.
Our attorneys would be happy to meet with you to discuss the divorce process in Missouri. You will need a skilled, caring attorney to help you through this time in your life, and we are happy to help. Please contact us at 417-882-5858 or email us today to set up a time to come in and talk.


Our everyday dishware has grown over 51% in the past 50 plus years- expanding from about 9.5 inches to 12 or more inches in diameter. This has caused us to unwittingly consume way more food than our bodies need. By downsizing our dishware, Livliga has made it easy for people to right-size their portions of food while still filling their plate. And because it is a right-sized dish, you can still eat everything on your plate!
Studies have shown that the portion of food on a plate in relationship to the actual size of the plate is critical in influencing people to feel like the food on their plate is plentiful, causing them to feel satisfied after eating. Providing too big of a plate, on the other hand, with the same right-sized portions on it will appear relatively empty and therefore is not that satisfying.


text:
Q: adding and removing class using jQuery Searched around the place yet I still couldn't find a solution that I matched my situation. So I decided to ask it myself. Here's what I want to do:

*

*If one of the
 is clicked, that particular
 will be given a new class named "bla" and any other
 will lose "bla" class.

*If a
 which already has "bla" class is clicked, it will lose the "bla" class.

*if ANYTHING else on the page outside the
 is clicked, "bla" class will be removed from all the
.

The HTML:

Item One

Item Two

Item Three

Item Four

Thank you...

A: You can do this:
$('ul > li').click(function () {
    $(this).toggleClass('bla').siblings().removeClass('bla');
});

$(document).click(function (e) {
    if ($(e.target).closest('ul').length > 0) return;
    $('ul > li').removeClass('bla');
});

FIDDLE DEMO

A: You can code up something in these lines
// Bind a click event on document
$(document).on('click', function (e) {
    // Use e.target to get the element that is currently selected
    var $this = $(e.target);
    // It item is li or not having a class add it
    if (e.target.nodeName === 'LI' && !$this.hasClass('active')) {
         $this.addClass('active').siblings().removeClass('active');
    } else {
        $('li').removeClass('active');
    }
});

Check Fiddle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This issue of THE LETTER continues along the same route as our previous issue, bringing the reader a selection of papers which, although gathered together from as near as the heart of Dublin and from as far away as Beijing in China, criss-cross their way over the same territory.
Hubert Van Hoorde's work, presented in Dublin earlier this year during APPI's Clinical Seminar Series 2001-02, opens this collection of articles. Concerning the possibilities for dialogue between the fields of psychoanalysis and psychiatry, it served us well in provoking what was a serious and at times heated debate, a preparation for the forum that this year's November congress will provide in the section devoted to what I think Van Hoorde would describe as 'the approach of the Hedgehogs'.
Following on this are three papers, which were initially presented in April of this year during the 2001 International Symposium on psychoanalytic Research (ISPR) at Beijing University Health Science Centre.
In Franck Chaumon's contribution, a thoughtful account of early short circuits/fixations of the drive, particular attention is paid to the mother-child relation when the child in question is a female. (A sort of return of the real to China). Picking up on Freud's account of the strength and the conflict in the girl's relation to her mother, he underlines one particular outcome, what he calls the revival of 'an ancient product of the drive', where it is a question of producing not a child from the father but a child for the mother.
In an Iceland in which the lack of services for young people is deplored at all levels, Simonney's work, providing us with an account of a psychoanalytic cure of an adolescent girl, might serve us well as an example of the way forward; we might add, a way forward already pointed out in a daily national by one of our own. Here is the case of a young woman who finds herself in a time and place that permits a psychoanalytic encounter. Reading the case one cannot help but be struck by the ordinariness of the presenting scenario. What opportunity would have been laid before this same youngster, were she to have been act out in Ireland? Would the Medico-Psycho-Pedagogico Centre – assuming such a one existed – have a resident psychoanalyst?
Cormac Gallagher's contribution to the Beijing conference took as its focus Lacan's interest in the work of Blaise Pascal, specifically relation to his development of the logic of The Wager. Gallagher points up Pascal's stress on the limitations of knowledge as finding an echo in, and perhaps prefiguring, Lacan's subversion of the subject-supposed-to-know. The author take us, via Pascal's logic, to a point at which we can at least begin to see that it is possible to relate this Wager to the stakes involved in the drive, which forms the subject matter for Chaumon's contribution; that the 'passion of the gambler … is a prime example of our confrontation with the symbolic order into which we are born. 'Nothing isolates in a purer way what is involved in our relationships to the signifier".
Carol Owens also brings to the fore the stake involved in the mother-child relation in her paper, pointing up the specific relevance of this in the course of the analyses of women. With reference to Lacan's work in Seminar X on Anxiety and clinical material from the work with women she advocates the inclusion of the young child as Other, as being of radical significance in the psychoanalysis of women who are mothers.
Paul's Verhaeghe's paper here is the promised second part of his talk given last year during the first of APPI's Clinical Series and follows on the paper presented in a previous issue on the perverse traits in the neurotic. Here it is the specificity of the perverse structure that forms the topic.
Olga Cox-Cameron's article constitutes in part a response to and in part a furtherance of Cormac Gallagher's overview of Foucault's History of Sexuality, (On First looking into Foucault's History, which appeared in THE LETTER, issue 20, Autumn, 2001). Her account of Foucault's work as aimed at taking apart the certainties upon which epistemologies rest, by analvsis of the verv condition of History, leaves one in very little doubt as to the relevance of his work to the similar dismantling of the subject-supposed-to-know which was effected by LAcan.
In the face of the difficulty of finding a systematic theory of inhibition in either the works of Lacan or of Freud, Stijn Vanheule aims to try to elucidate the meanings both variously gave to it and, subsequently, to attempt to link inhibition to the structural characteristics of obsessional neurosis, neatly given in the phrase of the title 'I am because I don't act'. Vanheule, by means of a snippet from Lacan's clinical work, shows how the psychoanalytic act – and here we take up the words of another of our contributors – 'refuses any such opting out of the game of life'.
Finally, it remains for me to take this opportunity to thank Helen Sheehan for her share in the work to date on the journal. Helen is stepping down from the Editorial Board and will be sorely missed by one and all. She has been involved with THE LETTER from a time well before it even had a name, when it was no more than the beginning of a twinkle in the eye. She has a rare talent for fostering such twinkles and if one were  be set the difficult task of picking out only one characteristic to highlight her contribution it would have to be her unfaltering and persistent encouragement of a whole host of authors in their initial attempts at writing. Doubtless that will continue to be the case.


I don't know about you, but right about now I could use a tribe, a group of like-minded folks who want to band together for support on the journey. I was thinking recently about ways to reinvigorate some of my spiritual and physical practices—from regular prayer and healthy eating to more exercise and less distraction—and I decided I'd commit to practicing what I preach and work through one of my own books, "Cravings: A Catholic Wrestles Food, Self-Image, and God." Then I thought about how much better this would be if I could do it as part of a group, or maybe even lead the group, or at least serve as Cheerleader in Chief.
Cravings is about how we fill the empty spaces in our lives with things we don't really want or need because it's easier than facing our demons and living our lives with more attention and intention. Although the book was written specifically with food in mind, the principles can be applied to just about anything: shopping, alcohol, social media, gossip, gambling, TV or whatever vice gets the best of us.
Does any of that sound vaguely familiar? If so, I hope you'll consider joining me on this journey through Cravings, an internal and virtual pilgrimage that I hope will result in a group of people committed to living life more fully—and more mindfully. We'll take chapters one week at a time, and I'll post regularly on my blog, Not Strictly Spiritual. I also plan to do some live Facebook events where we can "talk" with each other. Over the course of eight weeks, I hope we'll build up trust and tear down barriers until we have a bond that allows us to move forward individually and as a group, offering encouragement and support, prayers and a listening ear. For those who may live in the upstate New York region, perhaps we can even take the virtual off the screen and make it real, if only for a one-day retreat experience toward the end of our journey.
Starting with Chapter 1 on Jan. 2, we will travel week by week through dieting delusions, feasting and fasting, finding our balance, turning meals into meditations and more, until we end, appropriately enough, right before Ash Wednesday, at which point we begin a journey of a different kind and can segue beautifully from one season to the other.
Although it's optimal to have a copy of Cravings, it's not absolutely necessary, if you can't or don't want to buy a copy. I'll be sure to post something weekly on my blog, and I'll post multiple times every week on Facebook and Twitter, providing a basic outline of what we're discussing, along with some practical exercises.
We aren't meant to travel this path alone. We need company. We need encouragement. We need spiritual friends to share the way, but that's a book group for another season. I can't wait to get started on our Cravings spiritual adventure. I hope you'll join the tribe and come along for the ride.
To purchase a discounted copy of Cravings, go to www.avemariepress.com/cravings before Jan. 31, 2017, and use the promo code CRAVINGS, or buy the book on Amazon. Visit www.NotStrictlySpiritual.com for information on the virtual book group, email and to learn more about mindful eating and living. Follow my author page on Facebook at www.facebook.com/MaryDeTurrisPoust/ for regular updates.


text:
package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
	"github.com/exercism/cli/api"
	"github.com/exercism/cli/config"
)

// Status is a command that allows a user to view their progress in a given
// language track.
func Status(ctx *cli.Context) {
	c, err := config.New(ctx.GlobalString("config"))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	args := ctx.Args()

	if len(args) != 1 {
		log.Fatal("Usage: exercism status TRACK_ID")
	}

	client := api.NewClient(c)
	status, err := client.Status(args[0])
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(status)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Arsenal interested in signing Inter Milan striker
As per a report from The Telegraph, Arsenal have registered an interest in Inter Milan forward Lautaro Martinez.
After signing for the Italian giants in the summer of 2018, the striker has gone on to become one half of a fearsome partnership with Romelu Lukaku. The 23-year-old was also part of the Argentina team that won the Copa America not too long ago.
According to the report, the Gunners have made an inquiry to Inter regarding a move for Martinez. And it is said that the Nerazzurri would be willing to agree to a deal if their asking price of £77m is met.
Football London also state that the north Londoners could potentially use Hector Bellerin in a deal with the Italians to lower their asking price. The Spaniard has been wanted by the Serie A Champions who earlier in the window lost Achraf Hakimi to Paris Saint-Germain.
Arsenal News View
The Gunners could look to raise some funds with the sales of Eddie Nketiah and Alexandre Lacazette. There is interest in the Frenchman from La Liga Champions Atletico Madrid and agreeing a deal with them would reduce the amount of money spent on Martinez.
Another factor that has to be considered is the financial situation of Inter who are in a bit of a crisis with debts piling up. If this is the situation, it would be easier for the north Londoners to negotiate a more favourable deal for themselves.
As for the player, it has the potential to be a game changing transfer as far as the English side are concerned. Martinez is the perfect striker to have leading the line as he has the skill, energy and talent needed to be a revelation in this role.
Although any move for the 23-year-old must take into account the role that captain Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang will have, in case the Argentine arrives. The Gunners need to be clear about their plan if they are about to make such a sizeable investment.
Arsenal are targeting one of the best young forwards in the world in Martinez, but it remains to be seen if they can afford him.
FIFA bans ex-CAF president Hayatou for one year
FIFA's ethics committee on Tuesday handed one year ban from football-related activities to former African Football...
The Minister of the Federal Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs, Senator Godswill Obot Akpabio has sent...
'Beware of West Ham' – Hammers come forward 'in last few hours' to make contact for signing
Fiorentina's Nikola Milenković has entered his final year of contract and without a renewal in sight,...
Akwa United won the Nigeria Professional Football League title for the first time following a comprehensive...
Player 'will do everything possible' to secure move to Tottenham – Keen on signing for Spurs
Tottenham have suffered a 'major setback' in their attempts to sign Cristian Romero from Atalanta, with...
Former Arsenal player urges club to sign Manchester United target
Arsenal 4-1 Watford: Match report and Player Ratings


Dynatron excels in manufacturing both AC and DC fans from 25mm to 200mm. We also provide for OEM customers any custom-design thermal solution products. These include active coolers, passive heat sinks, heat pipes, blowers, cross flow blowers, water coolers and many more.


text:
Home » Affleck on Batman's Cinematic Past, His Solo to Shoot in Spring
Affleck on Batman's Cinematic Past, His Solo to Shoot in Spring
December 14, 2016 December 14, 2016 Brianna Reeves
Ben Affleck is happy to admit he's still hard at work on the script and taking his time. However, things are indeed pushing forward. According to Variety, their talk with the director indicated Batman's solo may begin filming in Spring 2017. "We're on the right track with that and everything is coming together," he said. "We're still finishing up a script. I'm very excited." If true, this corroborates recent reports stating Justice League's sequel may get pushed to make room for Batman's solo.
During his interview with Variety, Affleck also spoke on the Bat's cinematic history.
"I respect all of those [Batman] movies, Christopher Nolan did an incredible job, Christian Bale did an incredible job, Tim Burton did an incredible job. At a certain point you have to look forward and try to believe in your own vision for it and not be looking over your shoulder the whole time. I go into that movie with a tremendous amount of respect for the people who came before me."
He's touched about his film potentially taking notes from the comics, in the past. While the director/co-writer won't be adapting a particular storyline, fans should probably expect a few notable homages to familiar milestones in the Dark Knight's history. Might some of these possible homages include nods to other Batman films?
This news comes after WB announced David Ayer and Margot Robbie are returning for the all-female led Gotham City Sirens. Apparently, the studio is also considering adding a Deadshot spin-off to the growing DCEU. Details concerning both are about as scarce as information on the Batman standalone.
However, at least we know for sure that Deathstroke will give the Bat a formidable foe. The film's setting, plot, and potential other characters are widely rumored yet entirely unknown. Joe Manganiello has been our key source for teases, as of late. According to him, Affleck's "refreshing," yet "familiar," take on the Caped Crusader will be "gritty and action packed and cerebral."
As far as anyone knows, our next look at Ben Affleck's Batman will be in Justice League once it opens on November 17, 2017.
'Dunkirk' Gets a Harrowing New Trailer
Batman Standalone Confirmed for a 2018 Release
Brianna Reeves 823 Posts
Brianna Reeves is an editor at GeekFeed. She has written for Geeks of Color, and has worked as an editor for numerous publications.


Chylothorax is an uncommon condition rarely seen in urological oncology and it is an extremely rare complication of prostatic carcinoma. Such a case is described in which successful palliative management with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy was used. Alert recognition of the process and aggressive therapy would appear to be the key to management.


Under the 2017 Business Rates Revaluation, Lambeth businesses have seen the fourth highest rateable value increase in the country.
We have worked with businesses, the business improvement districts and other councils to lobby the government to look again at the impact on local businesses, many of which face rises in excess of 30 per cent.
In response to lobbying from London and across the country, the Chancellor announced in the Budget that he would make an additional £300 million available to councils over four years to facilitate a discretionary scheme to help businesses struggling to meet their new increased business rates charge.
We will receive approximately £3 million to support businesses facing rates rises, although this is a relatively small amount compared to the total increase in the business rates bill for Lambeth which is almost £30 million.
Businesses can now apply for our local discretionary rate relief scheme using the link below.


text:
#include "ArExport.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include "ariaOSDef.h"
#include "ArMutex.h"
#include "ArLog.h"
#include "ArThread.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>     // for getpid()

ArMutex::ArMutex() :
  myFailedInit(false),
  myMutex()
{
  myLog = false;
  if (pthread_mutex_init(&myMutex, 0) < 0)
  {
    myFailedInit=true;
    ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::ArMutex: Failed to initialize mutex");
  }
  else
    unlock();

  myStrMap[STATUS_FAILED_INIT]="Failed to initialize";
  myStrMap[STATUS_FAILED]="General failure";
  myStrMap[STATUS_ALREADY_LOCKED]="Mutex already locked";
}

ArMutex::~ArMutex()
{
  if (!myFailedInit && (pthread_mutex_destroy(&myMutex) < 0))
  {
    if (errno == EBUSY)
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::~ArMutex: Failed to destroy mutex. A thread is currently blocked waiting for this mutex.");
    else
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::~ArMutex: Failed to destroy mutex. Unknown error.");
  }
}

/**
   Lock the mutex. This function will block until no other thread has this
   mutex locked. If it returns 0, then it obtained the lock and the thread
   is free to use the critical section that this mutex protects. Else it
   returns an error code. See getError().
*/
int ArMutex::lock()
{
  if (myLog && ArThread::self() != NULL)
    ArLog::log(ArLog::Terse, "Locking %s from thread %s %d pid %d",
	       myLogName.c_str(),
	       ArThread::self()->getThreadName(),
	       *(ArThread::self()->getThread()), getpid());
  else if (myLog)
    ArLog::log(ArLog::Terse,
	       "Locking %s probably from pid %d", myLogName.c_str(), getpid());
  if (myFailedInit)
  {
    ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::lock: Initialization of mutex failed, failed lock");
    return(STATUS_FAILED_INIT);
  }

  if (pthread_mutex_lock(&myMutex) < 0)
  {
    if (errno == EDEADLK)
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::lock: Trying to lock a mutex which is already locked by this thread");
      return(STATUS_ALREADY_LOCKED);
    }
    else
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::lock: Failed to lock due to an unknown error");
      return(STATUS_FAILED);
    }
  }

  return(0);
}

/**
   Try to lock the mutex. This function will not block if another thread has
   the mutex locked. It will return instantly if that is the case. It will
   return STATUS_ALREADY_LOCKED if another thread has the mutex locked. If it
   obtains the lock, it will return 0.
*/
int ArMutex::tryLock()
{
  if (myFailedInit)
  {
    ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::tryLock: Initialization of mutex failed, failed trylock");
    return(STATUS_FAILED_INIT);
  }

  if (pthread_mutex_trylock(&myMutex) < 0)
  {
    if (errno == EBUSY)
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::tryLock: Could not lock mutex because it is already locked");
      return(STATUS_ALREADY_LOCKED);
    }
    else
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::trylock: Failed to trylock due to an unknown error");
      return(STATUS_FAILED);
    }
  }

  return(0);
}

int ArMutex::unlock()
{
  if (myLog && ArThread::self() != NULL)
    ArLog::log(ArLog::Terse, "Unlocking %s from thread %s %d pid %d",
	       myLogName.c_str(),
	       ArThread::self()->getThreadName(),
	       *(ArThread::self()->getThread()), getpid());
  else if (myLog)
    ArLog::log(ArLog::Terse,
	       "Unlocking %s probably from pid %d", myLogName.c_str(), getpid());
  if (myFailedInit)
  {
    ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::unlock: Initialization of mutex failed, failed unlock");
    return(STATUS_FAILED_INIT);
  }

  if (pthread_mutex_unlock(&myMutex) < 0)
  {
    if (errno == EPERM)
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::unlock: Trying to unlock a mutex which this thread does not own");
      return(STATUS_ALREADY_LOCKED);
    }
    else
    {
      ArLog::logNoLock(ArLog::Terse, "ArMutex::unlock: Failed to unlock due to an unknown error");
      return(STATUS_FAILED);
    }
  }

  return(0);
}

AREXPORT const char *ArMutex::getError(int messageNumber) const
{
  ArStrMap::const_iterator it;
  if ((it = myStrMap.find(messageNumber)) != myStrMap.end())
    return (*it).second.c_str();
  else
    return NULL;
}


THE CONCEPT - Like the woman that wears it, the strength and uniqueness of Dolce&Gabbana The One fragrance comes from contrast. Used to adorn pulse points or misted into the air to fall in a scented aura, The One is a modern 'floriental' eau de parfum combining contemporary fruit ingredients with the perfumer's classic palette of white flowers. "Every woman is The One!" Stefano Gabbana.
THE DESIGN - Conceptualized by Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana, The One, beaming in gold, was meant to be seen, celebrated and adored. The bottle pays homage to perfumery tradition while being a perfect example of luxurious style.
TOP : The rich Oriental Floral perfume opens with a sparkling and modern interpretation of fresh top notes of zesty Bergamot and Mandarin, combined with juicy Lychee and Peach.
HEART : The journey to the heart of the fragrance follows into the timeless scent of the Madonna Lily with its voluptuous intensity and enveloping femininity.
BASE : The fragrance finally unfolds to reveal a deep and sensual base of rich Vanilla and resinous Ambery notes combined with smooth Musky notes to leave a lingering presence.


text:
package org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.security.authorization;

import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.plugins.tree.RootProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.plugins.tree.TreeProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.mount.MountInfoProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.SecurityProvider;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

public interface ProviderCtx {

    @NotNull
    SecurityProvider getSecurityProvider();

    @NotNull
    TreeProvider getTreeProvider();

    @NotNull
    RootProvider getRootProvider();

    @NotNull
    MountInfoProvider getMountInfoProvider();
}


The number of foreign aircraft landing for technical reasons at the international airport of Turkmenbashi almost doubled during the last year, Neutral Turkmenistan newspaper wrote on Thursday.
According to a decision of the President of Turkmenistan, over a year ago world airlines were offered an opportunity to refuel at discounted prices.
'Thanks to this far-sighted policy, currency revenue from the service of transit flights increased by 6.5 times', the article says.
Turkmenbashi Airport was created according to highest standards. Its new 3500-metres long and 60-metres wide runway allows it to serve all types of aircraft.
Special equipment from SIEMENS and Thales provide continuous monitoring not only of scheduled airliners, but also of transit flight in the airspace of the coastal region. A centralised fuelling station can simultaneously fuel eight aircraft.
The Neutral Turkmenistan newspaper notes that a favourable geographical location at the crossroads of maritime, air, rail and automobile routes, linking Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia should play a positive role in the development of air transport in the intensively developing seaside region.
In order to realise this potential, it is planned to start Ashgabat-Moscow-Astrakhan-Ashgabat, Ashgabat-Istanbul and other international flights via Turkmenbashi in the near future.
This international airport was commissioned in 2010. The project worth 125 million euros was implemented by the Turkish multi-sectorial company Polimex, which won the tender.
The project was funded by Turkmenistan's state budget. The capacity of the facility is about six aircraft per hour and 8000 passengers. The airport receives aircraft with a take-off weight of about 400 tons.
First of all, the new terminal was built 'to optimize' the influx of foreign tourists in the Avaza resort area on the Caspian coast. This was declared a free economic zone being built as a tourist complex at a multi-billion dollar cost.
Turkmenistan authorities promise to introduce a facilitated visa regime. CIS citizens also need a visa, as well as Turkmenistan which left the agreement of CIS member state on a visa-free method a long time ago.


text:
People can go outside more than once a day for exercise alone or with their household, with up to five people from outside their household providing they observe social distancing, or with their and one other household indoors or outdoors, providing members of different households follow social distancing guidelines.
Many facilities associated with outdoor sports and physical activities can reopen, if those responsible for them feel ready to do so and if they can do so safely. This includes basketball and tennis courts, playing spaces like golf courses (public and private), playing fields, watersports, outdoor gyms and playgrounds.
From Saturday 11 July outdoor pools can reopen, while from Saturday 25 July indoor facilities such as gyms, leisure centres and pools will also be allowed to reopen, provided operators follow government guidelines.
Team sports can also restart when each sport's national governing body has published a government-approved action plan and related guidance on playing safely.
The government's compiled detailed guidance on the reopening of indoor and outdoor sports facilities; a framework for the return of team sport; keeping facilities and equipment clean; keeping staff and customers safe; what to do about restaurants, changing rooms and car parks; and more.
ReActivate - Free training programme from CIMSPA
https://cimspa-reactivate.uk/reactivatetrain
Available to anyone working in sport, physical activity, leisure and fitness in England, including coaches and volunteers - to give you confidence about returning safely to sport and physical activity, and getting back to providing a valuable service to your customers and community.
Leisure and fitness professionals
Club and facility managers
Sports club administrators
Grassroots coaches and volunteers
Use of equipment and PPE
Communicating with customers & participants.
Government Advice
Government advice on the phase return of sport and recreation for the public (17 July 2020)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation/guidance-for-the-public-on-the-phased-return-of-outdoor-sport-and-recreation
Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance on the phased return of sport and recreation - facilities and equipment
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation
Guidance for personal trainers and coaches
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation/guidance-for-personal-trainers-and-coaches-on-the-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation
New guidance on spending time outdoors
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-guidance-on-spending-time-outdoors?fbclid=IwAR21tPKueGLYk4f6V4-LiQGRrivlZyt-OJi0i5mjUVhK-lQCwEtWQVaFlzM
Coronavirus (COVID-19): advice on accessing green spaces safely
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-on-accessing-green-spaces-safely
Sport England's Return to Play Advice
And we recommend reading Sport England's latest advice concerning the return to play
https://www.sportengland.org/how-we-can-help/coronavirus/return-play
Includes (6th July 2020):
Current government guidance
Inclusion and accessibility
Clubs toolkit
Support for the professional workforce
Hygiene guidance
Other support and guidance
NGB Covid-19 Advice
Since the announcement, national governing bodies (NGBs) have been working alongside the Department for Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) to interpret the new guidance for their individual sports and setting out sport-specific advice for individuals, clubs and local authorities.
Our friends at London Sport have collated a summary of the sport-specific guidance published by NGBs regarding covid-19, specifically in relation to the re-introduction and return to sport and physical activity in England, which can be found here:
https://londonsport.org/covid-19/return-to-sport-and-physical-activity-guidance/


text:
Success and Growing Pains: Official Use of Social Media at State
Publications & Outreach > Publications > FSJ - January/February 2014 > Success and Growing Pains: Official Use of Social Media at State
Digital technology, incorporating the most recent developments in social media and mobile applications, is having a profound effect on diplomacy.
BY JESSE SMITH
Diplomacy is a practice as old as nation-states themselves, but the way in which it is performed has changed continuously with time. When the United States and the Soviet Union squared off in the latter half of the twentieth century, using a telephone hotline and imagining what life was like on the other side of the Iron Curtain, few envisioned that only a few decades later technology would make such a situation seem worlds away. It seemed similarly inconceivable that in 2013, social media and other digital technologies would give the Foreign Service and the public virtually limitless access to the lives of individuals and the actions of governments all over the world.
On an informal level, the "blogosphere" is very much a part of the modern Foreign Service, particularly for those who joined the Service during the past decade and also for those serving in remote places, as The Foreign Service Journal has documented in past issues (March 2008, November 2009 and June 2011). The American Foreign Service Association's website features a comprehensive list of blogs by members of the Foreign Service community that are updated regularly (see p. 30). This list is consistently one of the five most popular pages on the AFSA site.
But digital technology—including the most recent developments in social media and mobile applications, in particular—is having a profound effect on diplomacy at the formal, official level, as well. The new media technologies have already significantly altered how foreign affairs agencies represent themselves and publicize the policies they implement—to other governments and publics, as well as to potential employees. Social media allows more people in more places than ever before to access such messages, and this has permanently reshaped how the State Department and other foreign affairs agencies organize themselves and staff their offices.
While all six foreign affairs agencies represented by AFSA—and AFSA itself—maintain some form of social media presence, the State Department is by far the most active, with hundreds of profiles for nearly all of its various bureaus, embassies, consulates and missions. The U.S. Agency for International Development also maintains a central profile, as well as a separate careers page and pages for most of its international projects.
The four smaller foreign affairs agencies (Foreign Agricultural Service, Foreign Commercial Service, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the International Broadcasting Bureau) are harder to locate online, and draw audiences proportionate to their much smaller size. Agencies like IBB and FCS are often simply referenced by profiles associated with their parent agencies (the Broadcasting Board of Governors and Department of Commerce, respectively). Some, like APHIS, have also released relatively simple mobile applications.
In contrast, because it is so much larger and has actively sought to enhance public diplomacy by embracing digital technologies, the State Department's new media network reaching out to foreign and domestic publics is wide. State maintains an array of social media profiles numbering in the hundreds, along with some cutting-edge mobile apps to meet the demand for ever-quicker responses to events.
These efforts bring attention to U.S. policy, to the department and to the Foreign Service, but their development and marketing require funds and personnel. Tight budgets can limit online activity. In addition, crafting workable guidelines for the use of social media has caused significant headaches for public diplomacy practitioners.
Social Media and Public Diplomacy
Before Facebook and Twitter made communicating with people around the world easy (and helped fuel historic events, as appears to have happened in the Arab world and elsewhere), diplomacy relied more exclusively on words and ideas exchanged in person between select individuals, wherever they were accessible. Today, thoughts can be exchanged between anyone with an Internet connection.
The State Department has leapt into engagement in public diplomacy, proliferating social media accounts and reorganizing the bureaus, such as International Information Programs, that manage them. There are more than 200 Facebook pages and 120 Twitter accounts for U.S. embassies and consulates alone. Dozens of U.S. missions now have profiles on Flickr and Tumblr, and a growing number are creating profiles on YouTube, Instagram and even Pinterest. As of November, there were 20 official blogs (DipNote being the first) run out of the State Department in Washington, D.C.
A comprehensive list of the department's social media profiles can be found at www.state.gov/r/pa/ode/socialmedia. These foreign-focused pages based at posts around the world serve several purposes. Often relaying local news and policy, sometimes in the host-country language in addition to English, they enable foreign audiences to acquaint themselves with the United States and American officials who introduce themselves online. The social media profiles also enable locals to monitor U.S. policies as applied within their countries. While access to these pages, and thus the number of their fans or followers, vary from country to country, State has prided itself on giving local populations a window through which to appreciate the work of the U.S. Foreign Service.
On an informal level, the "blogosphere" is very much a part of the modern Foreign Service.
As stations of assistance and resources for Americans living and working abroad, diplomatic posts also use social media to serve expatriates and Foreign Service employees in these countries. The usual content of their Facebook and Twitter pages ranges from daily updates on State policy and highlights of new programs and diplomatic visits—perhaps an address by #SecState @JohnKerry or #POTUS @BarackObama—to critical information disseminated during emergency situations.
On July 3, 2013, for instance, when the Muslim Brotherhood was deposed by Egyptian armed forces, Embassy Cairo regularly updated its Facebook and Twitter pages. Even after the embassy evacuation, day-to-day updates continued. Facebook and Twitter also provided an emergency number for American citizens who needed to speak with a duty officer, and kept their audience updated on all official announcements by the White House and the State Department regarding the coup and resulting incidents.
This points to another use of social media: for consular work. Through social media U.S. missions can reach out to the American community in most countries more quickly than ever before: the old phone trees could only spread the word one phone call at a time.
The Bureau of Consular Affairs is already quite active on social media. Travel.gov, CA's travel information service, has a Facebook page and a Twitter feed. The Smart Traveler app from CA was introduced in 2011, providing useful information by country including "Know before You Go," fact sheets on U.S. relations with the country and information on contacting the local U.S. embassy or consulate. The app was recently taken offline for "redevelopment," but will be relaunched in the coming months.
Digital technology has its place in public diplomacy, but it also plays an important role in the Foreign Service agencies' domestic outreach and recruitment operations. Recruitment, in particular, has been drastically transformed in recent years with expansion of the use of social media and mobile applications to reach a broad audience of potential candidates with information about the Foreign Service career and hiring process.
The State Department's DOS Careers mobile application is the only federal government careers-focused app and one of a kind in promoting Foreign Service careers. In a review of the app, Nextgov says it "offers everything a prospective Foreign Service officer could want, from an overview of the department's roles and responsibilities to sample questions from the service's entrance exam."
DOS Careers provides multimedia information about all of the State Foreign Service career tracks, including videos of current employees talking about their jobs. It offers case studies that familiarize users with the day-to-day challenges of Foreign Service work. The app is free (and quite large at 50 MB) and available for both Apple and Android devices. (For more on the launch of this app, see the Talking Points item in the April 2013 FSJ.)
DOS Careers is a project of the Bureau of Human Resources' Office of Recruitment, Examination and Employment. This office is also responsible for State's careers pages on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn, which have greatly evolved since the office began its social media outreach in 2005.
HR/REE's Rachel Friedland stresses that social media represents only one of several communications channels the division utilizes to reach target audiences who may be interested in employment with the State Department. Various age groups can be reached, especially younger ones, and messages can be customized for specific groups and organizations. The recruitment division is particularly committed to attracting a diverse set of potential candidates for employment.
Diplomats in Residence, who serve under the HR/REE umbrella in universities around the country and are focused on conducting recruitment outreach, host their own regional Facebook pages. The DIRs engage with both those considering a Foreign Service career and those already well along in the selection and hiring process. Through social media, the DIRs (who number less than 20) have been able to expand their reach significantly.
The State Department can be found on nearly every major social media platform. But for now, the Bureau of Human Resources relies solely on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn for recruitment purposes. The outreach is targeted and done on a minimal budget ($3,000 for Fiscal Year 2013). Friedland tells the Journal that the office's goal is to ensure that all those who recruit are fully engaged on these sites before moving on to other platforms. She adds, "We haven't reached that goal, yet, but are making great progress."
Buying "Likes"
Overall, the State Department has been a leader among federal agencies in use of social media. But a May 2013 report from State's Office of the Inspector General brought some unwelcome publicity and criticism of the Bureau of International Information Programs. IIP is one of three bureaus reporting to the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy, along with the Bureau of Public Affairs and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
IIP is responsible for operating the "infrastructure for the State Department's 450 embassy and consulate websites that attract more than 340,000 visitors each day in 59 languages," according to the State Department website. IIP is the department's "foreign-facing public diplomacy communications bureau. It provides and supports the places, content and infrastructure needed for sustained conversations with foreign audiences to build America's reputation abroad."
The OIG report strongly criticized IIP for excessive spending on social media, a lack of strategic priorities and poor management. According to the report, which caused a stir in the press last summer, IIP spent approximately $630,000 on advertising to harvest Facebook "likes" between 2011 and 2013.
Although the IIP Facebook campaign "succeeded" (the audiences of two of its Facebook pages increased from 100,000 to two million during that time), the spending raised questions about the broader aim of online public diplomacy. Do "likes" translate into true "engagement," and what kind of engagement is actually useful? Do more "likes" pay off in terms of influence on public opinion, or do they represent the ability to succeed in a more shallow online popularity contest? Does State wish to draw attention from the primarily youth audience of social media, or should it instead be investing in mediums that reach a smaller number of older, more influential individuals?
There are more than 200 Facebook pages and 120 Twitter accounts for U.S. embassies and consulates alone.
These questions are relevant not only for IIP, but for all the Foreign Service offices and agencies establishing public identities online. They also cohere with the OIG's first recommendation— to develop a comprehensive public diplomacy strategy linking resources to priorities. Quoting the report:
"The absence of a departmentwide public diplomacy strategy tying resources to priorities directly affects IIP's work. Fundamental questions remain unresolved. What is the proper balance between engaging young people and marginalized groups versus elites and opinion leaders? Which programs and delivery mechanisms work best with which audiences? What proportion of PD resources should support policy goals, and what proportion should go to providing the context of American society and values?
"How much should PD products be tailored for regions and individual countries, and how much should they be directed to a global audience? What kinds of materials should IIP translate and into which languages? Absent a departmentwide strategy, IIP decisions and priorities can be ad hoc, arbitrary and lack a frame of reference to evaluate the bureau's effectiveness."
While not all public diplomacy projects are oriented around the use of social media, the OIG report claims that these online projects contributed to inefficiencies in other areas. The OIG suggests that once State addresses the questions raised in its report, it will move one step closer to defining the mission of its digital diplomacy campaigns and thereby assisting IIP (and other) employees in developing concrete tasks and meaningful benchmarks of success.
The staff of IIP must balance traditional forms of public diplomacy with constantly developing and shifting digital trends, the OIG found. At the same time, they suffer from "reorganization fatigue" and what some have described as a toxic atmosphere, with a management that is often unprofessional and intolerant of dissenting opinion, according to the report.
IIP is sometimes viewed as the "redheaded stepchild of public diplomacy," according to a source quoted by John Hudson in The Cable (foreignpolicy.com) on July 21. The bureau is overseen by the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, a position that has been vacant 30 percent of the time since 1999 and has never been filled by a career diplomat.
State publicly places a great deal of importance on its public outreach programs, including steadfastly defending IIP's social media projects following the release of the OIG report. So many wonder why the bureau has had only sporadic leadership, with the bureau coordinator often left without direction.
Jurisdictional issues also plague the bureau because its mandate has been so poorly defined. It faces competition in the field of public diplomacy from external agencies, like the Broadcasting Board of Governors, as well as the public affairs divisions of other foreign affairs agencies. Internally, there is overlap between IIP and two other bureaus: Public Affairs and Educational and Cultural Affairs. It is worth noting that IIP is the only one of the three PD bureaus that is not headed by an assistant secretary; it is run by a coordinator.
IIP is supposed to have jurisdiction over presenting and explaining U.S. policy to foreign audiences through social media, and it runs a project designed to help embassies and consulates find and post material to their social media profiles. Yet in practice it has been confined to supplying innocuous material that does little to explain State's intentions abroad—"like videos of bald eagles in flight, National Donut Day in the U.S. or youth entrepreneurship," according to one IIP employee quoted by John Hudson.
In place of focusing on adding depth to the Foreign Service's social media domains, IIP utilizes resources for this and projects like its 20/100/100 program—helping 20 posts at a time increase their fan base by 100 percent in 100 days—which seems to contribute only superficially to public diplomacy.
Despite its questionable spending on advertisement, however, IIP is responsible for numerous social media outlets that have connected the Foreign Service with millions around the world. The value of digital public diplomacy cannot be quantified by Facebook "likes," but is evident in the department's enhanced foreign interaction and accessibility.
Moving in the Right Direction
Today's online technologies have inundated the Foreign Service, and they are here to stay. While the OIG report was scathing in its assessment of State's most tech-savvy bureau, it also offered practical recommendations for fixing problems and building on the real progress to date. It could help the bureau and the department shape the overall digital agenda.
A new coordinator, Macon Phillips, took over IIP in September 2013, but three of the seven top positions remained vacant as of December. Phillips comes to State from the White House, where he was director of digital strategy and a senior adviser to President Obama; and the other three senior officials in IIP are Foreign Service officers, two of them senior officers.
The State Department, along with every "social media functional bureau" within it, steadfastly views social media as the future of public diplomacy. After observing the advances the department has made in utilizing the technology—and after looking at the pace of digital trends outside of the Foreign Service, all over the world, it is hard to disagree.
Jesse Smith is a graduate student in national intelligence and security studies at the University of Pittsburgh. He was the Journal's summer 2013 editorial intern.
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Opportunity International Savings and Loans will be organizing a dinner to celebrate its 10th anniversary and also engage its stakeholders who have been with the organization since its inception.
The Anniversary dinner platform will unveil the company's new logo and its ongoing rebranding exercise scheduled to come into full effect by 2015.
The Chief Executive Officer of Opportunity International Savings and Loans, Mr. Kwame Owusu-Boateng, said the 10th Anniversary dinner reaffirms the company's commitment to excellent service delivery towards its numerous customers, whilst honouring all stakeholders for their immense support and partnership throughout the years.
He added that Clients are essential to the success of every business and serving clients right is essential to a successful business practice and growth.
"For us at Opportunity Savings and Loans Ghana, the customer is the most important element to our business".
The dinner will be held at the Golden Tulip Hotel Accra on Saturday, 8th November, 2014 with over 300 of the company's clients expected to attend. Staff who have served the organization in the last ten years will also be rewarded.
Opportunity International Savings and Loans Limited is a leading microfinance Institution in Ghana, West Africa. Opportunity is a member of the Opportunity International Network- a global coalition of organizations dedicated to providing opportunities to people in less developed countries.


Is there any association with landscape and the (body of the) mother? I recently spent a week at the Kruger National Park in South Africa and was amazed with the river beds with no water.
Mother – landscape : Container of one's native land.
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