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the standard form of a linear function
Linear Functions on the SAT Test
SAT Subscore: Heart of Algebra
Studying linear functions
On the SAT test linear functions are part of heart of algebra subscore that includes 4 fundamental topics that appear in many SAT questions. Start studying heart of algebra subscore with this topic and continue to the next 3 topics that include linear equations, systems of linear equations and linear inequalities.
Linear functions topic is divided into sections from easy to difficult (the list of the sections appears on the left menu). Each section includes detailed explanations of the required material with examples followed by a variety of self-practice questions with solutions.
Linear functions- summary
A linear function is an equation that represents a relationship between two variables, most commonly called x and y. It is called linear because it can be graphed as a straight line in the xy-plane.
Creating a linear function requires writing a function that describes a given word problem without solving it.
Finding the value of a function requires solving a function given the values of its variables.
Finding the input that corresponds to a given output requires to calculate the input of a function given the value of the output.
Interpretation of a linear function includes analyzing a linear function in its slope-intercept form: y=mx+b (rewriting the function from its standard form ax+ty=c, calculating the slope and the intercept of the function and analyzing of the graph of the function).
Finding the equation of a linear function requires to write the equation of a linear function y=mx+b given the values of its points or its slope b.
Graphic presentation of a linear function requires identifying a graph of a given linear function or finding the equation of a linear function given its graph.
Analyzing relationships between two linear functions includes finding the slope of a linear function given the slope of another function or finding the equation of a linear function given the equation of another function.
The formula sheet for linear functions is listed below.
Linear functions formula sheet
The linear functions formula sheet is given below, it includes the following formulas:
Two forms in which we can write a linear function: the standard form ax+ty=c and the slope intercept form y=mx+b.
The formula for calculating the value of the slope of a linear function given 2 points a and b: m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb).
Two formulas the represent the relationships between two linear functions: parallel lines slopes formula m1=m2 and perpendicular lines slopes formula m1*m2=-1.
Note that all the formulas are explained in detail on this page.
Creating a linear function
In these questions you are given a word problem and you are asked to write the function that describes the problem without solving it.
The skill required is translating a word problem into a mathematical equation.
The full price of the item is X dollars. During the holiday sale all the products in the store are sold at a twenty percent discount. In addition, there is a second discount of 10 percent on the item.
What is the function P that represents the price after the discounts in terms of x?
Case 1: The additional discounts are calculated on the price after the holiday discount.
Case 2: The additional discounts are calculated on the original price.
The price of the item after the discount is:
Case 1: P=x*(1-0.2)*(1-0.1)=x*0.8*0.9=x*0.72=0.72x
Case 2: P=x*(1-0.2-0.1)=x*0.7=0.7x
Note that the difference between the two answers is 10 percent from 20 percent: 0.1 times 0.2=0.02.
Finding the value of an output of a given function
In these questions you are given the equation of the function and you are asked to solve this function given the values of the variables.
The skills required are the ability to plug data instead of variables and making a simple calculation.
Solution steps: Data identification, plugging the data into the function, solving the expression.
The plant uses function c defined by c(f,n,v)=f/n+v to calculate the cost c(f,n,v), in dollars, of producing a product. F is defined as a fixed cost of the plant; v is defined as a variable production cost per unit and n is defined as the quantity of the products.
If the fixed cost is $ 50,000 and the variable cost is $ 1, what is the manufacturing cost per product in the production of 100,000 products?
In order to answer this question, we must plug the data into the function and solve it.
Step 1: writing the data:
c(f,n,v)=f/n+v
f=50,000
n=100,000
Step 2: Plugging the data into the function:
c(f=50000, n=100000, v=1)= 50,000/100,000+1
Step 3: Solving the expression:
50,000/100,000+1=0.5+1=1.5
The answer is that the manufacturing cost of 1 unit is 1.5 dollars.
Finding the input that corresponds to a given output of a function
In these questions you know the equation of the function and you are asked to calculate the input of this function given the value of the output.
The skills required are the ability to plug data instead of variables and solving the equation by isolating its input variable.
Solution steps: Plugging the data into the function, solving the equation.
The camp manager uses the function f(x) defined by f(x)=430+55*x to calculate the total number of the children f(x) in the summer camp. More children join the camp every day on x buses.
If there were 760 children in the camp today, how many buses arrived at the camp?
In this question we are given the output of the function which is 760 children. This allows us to write an equation from the function and find the variable x.
Step 1: Plugging the output into the function:
760=430+55x
Step 2: Solving the equation:
55x=330
The answer is that 6 buses arrived today.
In order to test the answer we will place it in the equation: 430+55*6=430+300+30=760.
Interpretation of a linear function
In these questions you need to analyze the linear function in its slope-intercept form: y=mx+b.
The skills required:
Understanding the structure of the function.
Rewriting the function in a slope-intercept form.
Performing calculations to find the slope m and the intercept b.
Finding the equation of the function.
Presentation and analysis of the graph of a linear function.
What is a slope-intercept form of a linear function?
Slope intercept form of a linear function:
y=mx+b
For example: y=4x-3
Standard form of a linear function:
ax+ty=c
For example: 3x+4y=20
A linear function is a linear equation with 2 variables. We often see it the standard form as ax+ty=c (where a ,t and c are constants). For example: The price of 3 pens and 4 pencils is 10 dollars 3x+4y=20.
It is important to know that a linear function can be written in a slope intercept form y=mx+b where x and y are variables and m and b are constants. This form is essential to understanding how variable x affects variable y and is used to draw the function on a xy-plane.
The lines in the plot below represent 3 linear functions with different slopes and intercepts.
The constant m represents the slope of the function:
If the slope m is positive then the line trends upward from left to right (see the blue line).
If the slope m is negative then the line trends downward from left to right (see the orange line).
If the slope m is equal to zero then the line is parallel to the x axis (see the red line).
The constant b represents the intercept of the function with y axis. This is the point where the line crosses the y axis. In order to find b, we can plug x=0 into the equation and find y.
We can also calculate the intercept of the line with the x axis by plugging y=0 into the equation and finding x.
How to identify the slope m and the intercept b in the function equation?
As said earlier we often see the standard form of a linear function as ax+ty=c (where a ,t and c are constants). Since the equation isn't written as y=mx+b we need to rewrite it in slope-intercept form.
Consider this example:
What is the slope and the intercept of the function 6x-3y+12=0?
6x-3y+12=0
6x+12=3y
y=2x+4
m=2 is the slope and b=4 is the intercept.
Writing the equation of the linear function
In order to write an equation of a linear function we need to know its slope and intercept and plug them in the formula of the function: y=mx+b. Consider this example:
The slope of a linear function is 5, the intercept is -3. Write the equation of the linear function.
We are given that m=5 and b=-3 therefore the equation in a form of y=mx+b is y=5x-3.
How can we calculate the slope m?
Linear slope formula:
m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb)
For example: For A(-2,-9) and B(0,-3) the slope is m=(-9–3)/(-2-0)=-6/-2=3
We can calculate the slope m by using the x and y values of any two points A and B that are on the graph of the function.
The slope m is the difference between the y values and divided by the difference in the x values  of the 2 points. Since the function is a straight line the slope is fixed and does not change at any point selected in the function.
The formula for calculating a slope is: m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb)
Note that if you write the y value of point A first, then you should also write the x value of point A first.
There are 2 points on the graph of a linear function A(-2,-9), B(0,-3). What is the slope m of the function?
m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb)=(-9–3)/(-2-0)=-6/-2=3. The answer is m=3.
Note that we can write first the values of point B and subtract from them the values of point A, the slope m will be the same: m=(-3–9)/(0–2)=6/2=3.
Finding the equation of a linear function
In these questions you need to write the equation of the linear function y=mx+b given the values of its points or its slope b.
Solving an equation with one variable.
Solving an equation with two variables.
As we know the equation of a linear formula is y=mx+b. Without any other data we have 2 unknown variables (x and y) and 2 unknown constants (m and b). In order to write the equation, we need to find the value of m and b.
There are 2 ways we can find the equation:
1. If we are given x and y values of one point on the line and the value of the slope m. We can write an equation with only one variable which in b and solve it.
2. If we are given x and y values of two points on the line. We can write 2 equations with 2 variables m and b and solve them. Another option is to calculate the slope m and then write an equation with only one variable b and solve it.
Finding the equation of a linear function given the value of one point and the value of the slope m:
We know the slope so we only need to calculate the intercept b by plugging the m value and the point values into the function formula y=mx+b. Consider this example:
In a linear function: the slope m=3, there is a point on the function which values are A(-2,-9). What is the equation of the function?
The linear function formula is y=mx+b
-9=3*-2+b
-9=-6+b
b=-3
The function equation is therefore y=3x-3
Finding the equation of a linear function given x and y values of two points:
Option 1 for solution– Using the slope formula in the calculation:
Step 1: Calculating the slope m using the slope formula.
Step 2: Calculating the intercept b by placing the m value and the point values into the function formula y=mx+b
Option 2 for solution: Solving with a system of equations:
We can 2 write and solve 2 equations so that each equation represents a point and the variables are the slope m and the intercept b.
There are 2 points on the graph of a linear function A(-2,-9), B(0,-3). What is the equation of the function?
Option 1 for solution:
Step 1: We had already calculated the slope m in the previous question as m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb)=(-9–3)/(-2-0)=-6/-2=3.
Step 2: We had already calculated the intercept b in the previous question as
Solving the equation system y=3x-3, y=-2x+5
3x-3=-2x+5
5x=8
x=8/5=1+3/5=1+0.6=1.6
y=3x-3=3*1.6-3=3+3*0.6-3=3*0.6=1.8
The solution is x=1.6 y=1.8 (1.6,1.8).
Graphic presentation of a linear function
In these questions you need to identify a graph of a given linear function or to find the equation of a linear function y=mx+b given the graph of the function.
Understanding the structure of a linear function.
Writing a linear function in a slope intercept form.
Graphing a linear function in the xy plane.
Finding the equation of the function:
The graph of a linear function is a line in the xy plane. We can graph linear equation by plugging different numbers into the equation. Note that you need to plug x=0 x in order to find the intercept with the y axis represented as m.
How can we draw a linear graph?
In order to draw the graph, we need to mark 2 points and draw a line between them. To make sure you have found the right points it is best to mark a third point. If there is no mistake all the points will be on the line.
Which points to choose? Mark the points of intersection with the x-axis (y=0) and intersection with the y-axis (x=0) and then select a third point that is located between these two points.
Finding the equation of a linear function given the graph of the function:
Sometimes no values are given and instead we see the graph of the function. How can we write the equation of the function using only it's graph?
Step 1: Finding two points values:
For making an easy and accurate calculation we need to look for 2 points whose (x,y) values are not a fraction.
Step 2: Calculating the slope m value by plugging the points we found from the graph into the slope formula m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb).
3. Step 3: Finding the function formula by plugging one of the points and the slope m we calculated into the function formula y=mx+b.
What is the equation of the function in the graph?
We can see that the y intercept has the value of 14 so we know one point (0,14). This point is also the intercept b from the line formula y=mx+b.
The x intercept is between 3 and 4 therefore we don't know its exact value and we can't take it as a point.
We can easily see the point (2,6) on the graph so we can use it.
Step 2: Calculating the slope m value by plugging the points (2,6) and (0,14) into the slope formula:
m=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb)=(6-14)/(2-0)=-8/2=-4
Step 3: Finding the function formula by plugging one of the points (2,6) or (0,14) and the slope m=-4 into the function formula y=mx+b:
6=-4*2+n
14=n+-4*0
Relationships between two linear functions
In these questions you need to find the slope of a linear function given the slope of another function or to find the equation of a linear function given an equation of another function.
Finding the slope of one line by using the slope of a parallel line.
Finding the slope of one line by using the slope of a perpendicular line.
Performing calculations to find the intercept b
Performing calculations to find the x value or y value of a point.
Finding the slope of a linear function given the slope of another function:
Parallel lines slope formula:
m1=m2
For example: if m1=-2 then m2=-2
Perpendicular lines slope formula:
m1*m2=-1
For example: if m1=-2 then m2=1/2
There are two cases when we can find the slope of one line by using the slope of another line: the lines are parallel or the lines are perpendicular.
Parallel lines have the same slope m, so if we know the slope of one line then the slope of the parallel line will be the same.
Perpendicular lines slopes form 90° angles at their cutting point.
The product of the slopes of vertical lines is equal to minus 1 meaning that
m1*m2=-1 (m1 is the slope of the first line and m2 is the slope of the second line).
The equation of function a is 3y+9x-36=0. Function b is parallel to function a and function c is perpendicular to function a.
What are the slopes of the functions a ,b and c?
Step 1: We will write the function a in the form y=mx+b:
3y+9x-36=0
3y=-9x+36
y=-3x+12
Step 2: Finding the slope of the parallel function b:
The slope of function b equals to the slope of function a, therefore the slope of function b is -3.
Step 3: Finding the slope of the perpendicular function c:
We need to plug the slope of function a into the formula m1*m2=-1.
m1=-3
-3*m2=-1
m2=-1/-3
m2=1/3
The slope of function c is 1/3.
The graph shown below presents the functions.
Finding the equation of a linear function given an equation of another function:
The equation of function a is y=-3x+12. Function b is perpendicular to function a and intersects it in a point x=4 so that the angle between the functions is equal to 90 degrees.
Write the equation of function b.
Step 1: Finding the slope of function b:
From the equation of function a we know that its slope is m=-3.
We are given that function b is perpendicular to function a, therefore we need to plug the slope of function a into the formula m1*m2=-1.
The slope of function b is 1/3.
Step 2: Finding the y value of the intersection point:
We know that the functions intersect at x=3. We can plug x=3 into function a and find the value of y.
y=-3*4+12
y=0
The intersection point is (-3,0).
Step 3: Finding the y-intercept b of function b:
We know the value of a point on function b and the value its slope, therefore we can find the value its intercept b.
0=1⁄3*4+b
b=-4/3
The formula of function b is y=1⁄3x-4⁄3
Multiply the slopes to see if the result is -1.
(1⁄3)*(-3)=(1*-3)/3=-3/3=-1
Plug the point (4,0) into each equation to see if you get y=0.
y=-3x+12=-3*4+12=0
y=1⁄3x+4⁄3=(1⁄3)*4-4⁄3=4⁄3–4⁄3=0
You just finished studying linear functions topic!
Continue studying heart of algebra subscore with linear equations topic.


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This article is based on John Dawson's inaugural professorial lecture at the University of Otago, on September 6, 2007. It concerns how we should think about the personal liberty, or freedom, of people with serious mental illness and why this is important for the design of our mental health laws. The author focuses on laws that authorise the use of compulsory psychiatric treatment outside hospital, under what are known as Community Treatment Orders. The article concludes that the mental health laws of New Zealand and Australia reflect a humane form of liberalism, consistent with the political culture and constitutional traditions of these nations.


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Home » Search Center » Results: Frank Gambale
Results for "Frank Gambale"
MUSICIAN Born: December 22, 1958
Frank began playing guitar at age 7 in Canberra, Australia where he was born and raised. He was influenced by the blues playing of Jimi Hendrix , John Mayall / Eric Clapton, and Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia . In his mid-teens he discovered Steely Dan, The Brecker Brothers and Chick Corea, which pointed him in a jazzy direction. In 1982 at 23 he decided to leave his home to study at the Guitar Institute of Technology (GIT) in Hollywood. He graduated with the highest honor, Student of the Year and was offered a teaching position which he kept for 4 years. During that time he was playing the local jazz club circuit with his own band and already had his first book "Speed Picking" published
ARTICLE: RADIO December 12, 2020
Weather Report, Frank Gambale, Alec Machacek and more
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New releases from Chris Potter, Oz Noy and Scott Jones, plus old favourites from John McLaughlin and Weather Report. Playlist Weather Report "Freezing Fire" from Live and Unreleased (Columbia) 00:00 Paradox "Twistedology" from The First Second (Tip Toe records) 07:57 Metro "Earthplak" from Metro (Lipstick Records) 15:51 Frank Gambale "Smug" from Raison D'Etre (Wombat ...
ARTICLE: INTERVIEW August 23, 2019
Chick Corea: Music With The Fun Factor
Chick Corea is a musical icon, having amassed a career that runs through most styles of jazz and has veered off into classical experiments as a well. Freedom of expression is always being at the core. His amazing musical journey—over five decades as a solo artist—has had him rubbing elbows with some of the ...
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Alfa Jazz Fest 2017 Lviv, Ukraine June 23-27, 2017 Jazz festivals are different in Europe. There are more of them, and they are crucial to the economic viability, social solidarity and creative evolution of the jazz art form. Many European towns that host their own annual jazz events seem like ...
ARTICLE: EXTENDED ANALYSIS May 2, 2017
As people age, it's not uncommon to commemorate birthday milestones--specifically, those marking the passing of decades--with special celebrations, ranging from parties to vacations. In most cases, however, these festivities are private events, restricted to family and friends. Not Chick Corea. When this renowned pianist/keyboardist, composer, bandleader and guest participant in countless projects ...
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Mark Isham: Blue Sun
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Marvin Stamm

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text:
Q: SLF4J logging, different Levels In SLF4J (Logging) how levels are different in characteristic. i.e. How ERROR message is different than DEBUG message.
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class LogClass {

    private static org.apache.log4j.Logger log = Logger.getLogger(LogClass.class);
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        log.trace("Trace Message!")
        log.debug("Debug Message!");
        log.info("Info Message!");
        log.warn("Warn Message!");
        log.error("Error Message!");
        log.fatal("Fatal Message!");
    }
}

The Output is same regardless of Level, is there any difference in implementation:
Debug Message!
Info Message!
Warn Message!
Error Message!
Fatal Message!

If these levels are producing the same kind of messages then why the implementation didn't have only one method with parameter as level.
Something like:
log("Level","msg");

A: Starting from the bottom, there's no real benefit to have a log(level, msg) method if you already have all the different methods for all the possible levels. Only if you'd need to log the same message in different levels, but that's a bad practice, since that message should clearly fall into one specific category. And you can always choose how much logging you get out by specifying the level globally or at the package/class.
The message are exactly the same on each level, the only difference is if that message is gonna make to the logging output or not, based on your configuration, and what purpose do you give to each level.

A: The key purpose to name them levels is to enable you to debug at various levels. Say for example,
INFO level can used to log high level information on the progress of the application during execution.
DEBUG level logged is meant to be even deeper than just high level information. At DEBUG level, you can have more information logged that can include information of what is happening at a module level or component level.
TRACE level is even more granular. You can log message like entering and exiting a method and what information is being returned by each method.
ERROR level is to purely meant to log only errors and exception
You need to be mindful of what kind of message can be logged into their respective level.
To answer your question, these levels can be controlled in log4j.properties or log4j.xml. You can specify at what level the application can debug. If everything goes well in application, I would leave it at INFO level. If something goes wrong and I wanted to dig in deepeur in terms of debugging, I would try to turn on at DEBUG level or TRACE level.
Also, understand that when you run the debugging at DEBUG level, even the INFO level logs will be printed. If you turn on the debugged at TRACE level, even the DEBUG and INFO level logs will be printed. If you turn on debugging at INFO level, only INFO level logs will be printed.
I hope you got some clarify.

A: Because it is easier to use for you as a user. As the implementation, it might have that very code.

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text:
News Brooklyn Boro
LISTEN: Is NYC prepared for another Superstorm Sandy?
August 1, 2019 By Scott Enman, Paul Frangipane, Lawrence Madsen
Aftermath of Superstorm Sandy. AP Photo
Subscribe to Brooklyn this Week:
In Bushwick, Emily Bonani saw sewage water transform her basement apartment into a swimming pool.
"From underneath the door and then underneath my walls, water just came flooding in," Bonani told Brooklyn This Week. "Then water started coming out of my closet as well. There was brown stuff all over the floor. I'm assuming it was sewage."
The likely culprit behind the flooding was combined sewer overflow, a result of the city's antiquated sewer system, according to Eric Goldstein, environment director of the Natural Resources Defense Council in New York City.
"The city, with 570 miles of coastline, still remains exceptionally vulnerable to storms and other impacts from the climate change crisis," Goldstein said. "Every time it rains, the volume of sewage going through those pipes is combined with maybe 10 or 20 times that amount of water from rainwater. And so sewage plants are overwhelmed."
The federal government allocated $14.7 billion to help rebuilding and resiliency efforts in the city post-Sandy. City Comptroller Scott Stringer's office, however, released a report stating that only 54 percent of that money has been used.
Jainey Bavishi, the director of the Mayor's Office of Resiliency, which was formed after Sandy, said that the city is better prepared now than when the storm hit.
"We are absolutely safer than we were during Hurricane Sandy," Bavishi said. "We have implemented flood protection measures in over 40 sites across the city. We have spent over a billion dollars hardening energy infrastructure and even more money hardening critical infrastructure like wastewater treatment plants."
But Councilmember Mark Treyger, who represents parts of the waterfront in southern Brooklyn, thinks otherwise.
"I am known to be very candid and I will continue to be very candid. We are better informed, but we are not fully better prepared," Treyger said, adding: "We've gotten a better sense of our vulnerabilities in the coastal communities. But as far as stronger and better protection, we have a long way to go."
Despite being hit hard by Superstorm Sandy, southern Brooklyn was not included in initial U.S. Army Corps studies regarding waterfront resiliency. Treyger, alongside U.S. Representative Hakeem Jeffries, pushed for an appropriate regional report. But it's still just a study and won't be completed until 2022.
Interview with Emily Bonani at 1:29
Interview with Eric Goldstein at 3:29
Interview with Jainey Bavishi at 7:23
Interview with Mark Treyger at 10:59
Our host Lawrence Madsen is a native New Yorker. He graduated from Columbia University with a B.A. in History, and volunteers with the disaster relief group Team Rubicon.
Gowanus Canal cleanup to officially start in September
Residents protest National Grid's North Brooklyn gas pipeline
The Gowanus Canal will never be clean
January 17 | Joseph Alexiou
StanChaz August 5, 2019
It was a "500 year storm".
I would worry.
Storms like this have a tendency not to adhere to calendars or time-tables.
And global warming hyper-fuels them.
https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2019/08/01/is-nyc-prepared-for-another-superstorm-sandy/


text:
The social acceptance of nuclear fusion for decision making towards carbon free circular economy: Evidence from Czech Republic
The social awareness and acceptance of new energy technologies are the key factors of their commercialization in Europe. The decision making in energy sector also requires integration of social preferences. In the context implementation of circular economy and moving towards carbon free economy target in 2050, all carbon free technologies require attention of decision makers including new nuclear technologies. The cutting-edge technologies, such as big data, have the potential to leverage the adoption of circular and carbon free economy concepts by the society. Therefore, the big data can play a major role in terms of acting as a facilitator for gaining the desired information for decision making in energy sector. In this paper, the big data was used for assessment of social acceptance of nuclear fusion. The diverse and representative sample from the Czech Republic (N = 1026, aged 15–95 years, 48.80% women, 18.50% with higher education) was employed to show the dynamics of the formation of public support in a country effectively unaware of the nuclear fusion (NF) (the total pre-survey awareness was 16.6%). The analysis of presentation on NF in Czech mass media concluded that similarly to other European Union countries, the presentation fragmented, insufficient, technical, aimed at people interested in technology with effectively no public discussion on the topic. When briefed with pros and cons of NF, three quarters of the respondents developed an idea on their support of NF in general and in Europe with the level of support reaching one third of the sample. We analyze the relation of NF support using a set of ordinal multinomial regression analyses with spline corrections of ordinal predictors to the four groups of factors: self-claimed awareness and knowledge of NF, sources of information including education, pros and cons of NF, and psychological and value aspects. We show that more information on NF positively influenced the support. Internet news were (negatively) and printed newspapers and magazines were (positively) related to support. The NF being and unlimited source of energy (positively) and using radioactive material and competing for renewables money (negatively) were related to support. Our findings have clear implications for public engagement and communication efforts on NF projects. We suggest that in order to change the level of acceptance for NF more communication and media presentation is needed. We present the ideas on how to frame the communication. Our results are in accord with similar studies from other European countries and therefore our outcomes might find practical applicability there.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120477
Titolo: The social acceptance of nuclear fusion for decision making towards carbon free circular economy: Evidence from Czech Republic
Cabelkova I.
Strielkowski W.
Streimikiene D.
CAVALLARO, Fausto
Streimikis J.


As Nigerian Moms, I am aware of the fact that we are firm believers in spanking. But, where do we draw the line between discipline and physical abuse? When does physical punishment become physical abuse? Continue Reading… Physical Punishment or Not?…A Series on Abuse 3.
Where do we draw the line between Correction, Discipline and Outright Abuse? Are you just throwing words at your kids regardless of the weight of those words? Stones and Sticks May be Better… Stones and Sticks May Be Better… A Series on Abuse 2.
Guilty By Passivity… A Series on Abuse 1.


What Does It Mean to Socialize?
Rhythm is necessary for life. The cycle and flow of rest, thought, work, and play all enhances performance and productivity. I would like to think that it helps to relieve stress, pain and worry when you have a rhythm of rest, relaxation, and evaluation. Honestly, it's natural to need rhythm. If you go a few nights without sleep, your body will let you know. All of the human developmental processes has a rhythm to it. Your heart beats. Your breathing has rhythm – depending on your activity.
The tie in for identity is that there is a cycle or rhythm for identity formation. It is the balance of the self-constructed identities being projected out into the public space and then the social-shaping that acts upon those identities which in turn leads to a reconstructed identity. There is a rhythm to the formation. Awareness of the cycle and more specifically, where you are in that cycle will help to alleviate the stress that it brings.
If you're stressed or in a funk, know that there's rhythm to the process. Enter in. Don't fight it.
Check out a few of my other psychology posts: The Psychology of Cute; The Psychology of the Coolest; The Psychology of Ugly.
I wonder what a real psychologist would say about this?


text:
The Future of Australian Journalism
Author: Milissa Deitz, University of Western Sydney
Date Published: August 2010
availability: Unavailable - out of print
Unavailable Add to wishlist
With traditional print media sinking under shrinking readerships, redundancies and declining advertising revenue, the imminent death of 'quality' journalism is being prophesied by academics, publishers and journalists. Are we losing a vital public sphere for interrogating those in power and creating local and national communities? Or is a moribund media status quo getting a long overdue shake up? Milissa Deitz argues that far from being the grave digger, the internet is in fact reinventing and reinvigorating 'citizen journalism'. More democratic through interactivity and participation, more immediately responsive to rapidly changing events and issues, we increasingly go online for our news. Far from undermining traditional journalism, a changing mediascape composed of dedicated online journals, blogs, social networking, twitter and mobile telephony, is returning journalism to its radical and democratic roots, recreating the feisty, informed public domain extinguished over the twentieth century by the concentration of media ownership in Australia.
Illustrates and investigates how new media will affect journalism and revolutionise news production
Brings to the fore new and original research conducted by the author
Based on interviews with leading Australian media players and commentators
'It's good to read a book that is optimistic about the future of journalism. Deitz is alive to the opportunities offered by new communications technology for changing the way we think about news. The result is a comprehensive and clear-eyed account of where we are and where we might be going. She makes a case for the continuing usefulness of journalism, if not journalists.' Margaret Simons
1. The history of the future of news
2. Public versus private media
3. This is not news
4. Media virus
5. We're all journalists now
6. Unfinished business.
Milissa Deitz, University of Western Sydney
Dr Milissa Deitz is a journalist and author and currently lectures in Media at the University of Western Sydney.
Author apology
The Writer's Reader
Understanding Journalism and Non-Fiction
How Australia Decides
Election Reporting and the Media
Young People and the Future of News
Social Media and the Rise of Connective Journalism
Fame Games
The Production of Celebrity in Australia
Government Communication in Australia
We Interrupt This Newscast
How to Improve Local News and Win Ratings, Too


text:
Download our sponsorship proposal here (.pdf)
The Old Bangkok Bangers Rugby Club mission is to support and encourage a healthy approach to rugby and training for individuals of any nationality and of all levels of ability. Through the camaraderie of a club atmosphere, members enjoy rugby for the purposes of general fitness as well as personal and team goals.
Behind our games, we have a vibrant club that exists for the purpose of supporting the players, promoting rugby culture and reaching out to the community. More importantly, the club serves to introduce new players to the game. The club is proud of the manner in which it strives to maintain many of the traditional values associated with club rugby. The club is very supportive of its players and as a result is able to generate a club-room atmosphere that is the envy of many.
A principle objective of the Old Bangkok Bangers Rugby Club, is to promote the code and raise funds to assist with the development of youth rugby in Thailand. The club proudly supports the Nak Suu Tigers Rugby Academy Development Program with funding and coaching support. In addition, we provide financial assistance to the Asia Center Foundation Scholarship Program in Phuket, providing educational support for Thai children.
The Old Bangkok Bangers Rugby Club have a strong presence in Thailand. Your company receives the benefit of exposure at all our rugby and related social events. In addition, there will be appropriate mention in all in house promotional material including posters, press releases, the website with links to your company, outdoor banner advertising and acknowledgment in the local media.
Over the course of the year, a substantial number of potential customers will witness our games and players with your company logo emblazoned on our casual wear, banners and/or tour kit. Aside from these benefits, we can promote your company through additional publicity activity, the sponsor considers worthwhile.


text:
Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. After the 1990 census, North Carolina qualified to have a 12th district and drew it in a distinct snake-like manner in order to create a "majority-minority" Black district. From there, Ruth O. Shaw sued this proposed plan with the argument that this 12th district was unconstitutional and violated the Fourteenth Amendment under the clause of equal protection. In contrast, Reno, the Attorney General, argued that the district would allow for minority groups to have a voice in elections. In the decision, the court ruled in a 5–4 majority that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause and on the basis that it violated the fourteenth Amendment because it was drawn solely based on race.

Shaw v. Reno was an influential case and received backlash. Some southern states filed against majority-Black districts. This decision played a role in deciding many future cases, including Bush v. Vera and Miller v. Johnson. However, the phrasing of irregularly drawn districts has left room for much interpretation, letting judges use their opinions rather than relying on Shaw.

History

Gerrymandering

To contextualize the Shaw supreme court case, gerrymandering is the redrawing of electoral districts to help give a political advantage. Through this process, political parties can draw the boundaries of districts to favor their party's candidate as they allow for extra seats to be won. The census marks when states can redraw their congressional district lines and in accordance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, districts must be redrawn equally populated. With new technology and tactics of packing and cracking, gerrymandering has become easier through the years but within gerrymandering, limitations exist. Gerrymandering has come before the Supreme Court in multiple cases but in Shaw, racial gerrymandering refers to Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Section 2 of this act opposes using discriminatory voting practices in the election process and that in itself prohibits gerrymandering based on race.

Racial Background

In 1870, following the Civil war and the abolishment of slavery, the 15th amendment was passed, giving all United States citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. This amendment ensured the voting rights of African Americans. However, after its enactment, many southern states began implementing new ways to bar African Americans from voting. Some of these methods included poll taxes, which many could not afford, literacy tests, that many could not pass, and grandfather clauses, which stated that one can only vote if their grandfather voted. This changed  with the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which outlawed these racially discriminatory practices and required government supervision for states that had less than 50 percent of non-White citizens registered to vote. If any state wanted to change any voting rules, they had to receive pre-clearance to ensure no new rule was racist. The Voting Rights Act prohibited many of the tactics that hindered Black voters from getting their voices heard. This was due to the establishment of the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal rights to all African-Americans. The law of redistricting had to comply with this act in order for the minority group to have impact in the U.S. government. In addition, any affected American citizen that felt that they are being affected by the Voting Rights Act can file a lawsuit stating that it violates Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act which led rise to the case. However, racial gerrymandering continued past 1965 because it is extremely difficult to prove if districts were drawn on the basis of racial discrimination. This was apparent in the Thornburgh V. Gingles case of 1986 in which Black citizens of North Carolina argued that all white-majority districts were drawn up so a Black representative wouldn't get elected. In this unanimous decision, it was decided that districts did indeed dilute Black votes and therefore did violate the Voting Rights Act.

Case Background
Janet Reno (appellant) was the 78th Attorney General. She was the first female US Attorney General, selected by President Clinton.

Ruth O. Shaw (appellee) was a white Democratic resident of the 12th district in North Carolina.

After the 1990 census, the North Carolina General Assembly was entitled to a 12th seat in the U.S. House of Representatives and redrew its congressional districts to account for the changes in population. This district would be North Carolina's second "majority-minority" district of majority Black voters. The North Carolina General Assembly submitted the plan to the U.S. Attorney General for preclearance under the Voting Rights Act, but it was rejected by the US Department of Justice which was led by Attorney General Janet Reno. Attorney General Janet Reno instructed the North Carolina state assembly to add another majority-minority district in order to comply with the recent amendments to the Voting Rights Act. In 1982, the Voting Rights Act was amended to target the decrease in a specific minority's ability to ever gain a voting majority. The state revised its map and submitted a new plan, this one with two majority-minority districts. The proposed 12th district was 160 miles (260 km) long, winding through the state to connect various areas having in common only a large Black population and cut through five counties which split into three voting districts. The new district was described in Supreme Court's opinion as "snake-like."

After the General Assembly passed legislation creating the second district, a group of White voters in North Carolina, led by Ruth O. Shaw, sued on the grounds that the district was an unconstitutional gerrymander. Shaw's group claimed that drawing districts based on race violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 lead to the rise of the Shaw v. Reno court case which allowed for more representation of the Black (minority) representation in the state of North Carolina. However, five White residents of North Carolina, opposed against the redrawing because of the oddly shaped district in which they also stated it violated their Equal Protection Rights. This case was unlike others since the Voting Right Act, because it now didn't hinder the redistricting and impediment of the minority groups. Now the claim was whether making a district based on race was racially adequate and fair for everyone.

An essential case, repeatedly referred to throughout the Shaw v. Reno case was the United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburg V. Carey case. A federal District Court dismissed a lawsuit by North Carolina voters on the grounds that they had no claim for relief under a standard set by the previous Supreme Court case, United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburgh v. Carey. With a 7-1 decision the court ruled in favor of Carey, the respondent. The United Jewish Organizations of Williamsburg claimed that the plan violated their constitutional rights because the districts had been assigned solely on a racial basis. The court found that the reapportionment plan was valid under the Constitution as the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth Amendment do not prohibit the use of racial factors in districting and apportionment.

Arguments

Shaw
Shaw along with other five North Carolina residents filed an action against the state, declaring that the state had created an unconstitutional racial gerrymandering violating the Fourteenth Amendment. It was also argued that the racial gerrymandering hindered the voters from having a blind process of voting. This was a previous problem that discriminated against the minority voters however, the White residents thought it was hindering their voices racially. Then, the residents argued that the state had gone far this time by redrawing the district lines and creating a second district that was dominated by the minorities. Another argument that was made was the "snake-like" structure of the district and how it does not follow the reapportionment guidelines, which led to filling a lawsuit against both the state and federal government for political gerrymandering.

Reno
Reno, the Attorney General, argued that the creation of the second district was necessary in order to follow the request of the General Assembly that required them to abide by the Voting Right Act of 1965, which would increase the representation of the minority groups and allow them to have more of a voice when voting. This was to designed to prevent any discrimination by race and North Carolina thought this plan was completely aligned with the request of the General Assembly guidelines. It included that the Supreme Court of the United States and the federal government that allowed states to find any possible way to comply to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, even if it meant having a strangely structured district like this one which Reno argued against.

Decision

Majority opinion
In a 5-4 decision the courts ruled in favor of Shaw (the petitioner), finding that it was, in fact, unlawful to gerrymander on the basis of race. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote the majority opinion in which she explains the court's ruling. In it, she writes that the court found that the shape of North Carolina's 12th district was so "bizarre" that the only reasonable explanation was that it had been drawn on the basis of race. The courts also noted that based on the Voting Rights Act, race can be taken into account when redistricting plans are made, but it cannot be the sole factor when drawing a new district because that would violate the fourteenth amendment. Therefore, such redistricting was held unconstitutional since it found intention to segregate voters by race and this segregation cannot be justified under a standard of strict scrutiny."Racial gerrymandering even for remedial purposes, may balkanize us into competing racial factions; it threatens to carry us further from the goal of a political system in which race no longer matters-a goal that the Fourteen and Fifteenth Amendments embody, and to which the Nation continues to aspire." -Shaw, 509 U.S. at 657Additionally, it was noted that allowing the 12th district to be drawn in that manner would be setting a dangerous precedent in our democratic system in which we are attempting to reach equality. "Racial classifications of any sort pose the risk of lasting harm to our society. They reinforce the belief, held by too many for too much of our history, that individuals should be judged by the color of their skin" -Shaw, 509 U.S. at 657

Dissents

The dissenting opinion by Justice White held that Shaw failed to present cognizable harm or that for Shaw to bring this case there had to have been harm done to them one way or another and that this failed to be presented in court. Additionally, he noted the voting interests of those who brought the case had not been violated. He also stated that drawing districts on the basis of race could prove to be beneficial for minority communities.

The dissenting opinions from Justice Blackmun and Stevens also brought many of the same points as White and they also added that the purpose of the equal protection clause was only to protect those who have been historically discriminated against. Therefore, it should not apply to the White voters who brought this case.

Justice Souter noted the arbitrary nature of the strict scrutiny applied in this case. He detailed that the 12th district was ultimately drawn to benefit a minority group hence making the strict scrutiny applied to feel unreasonable."The difference between constitutional and unconstitutional gerrymanders has nothing to do with whether they are based on assumptions about the groups they affect, but whether their purpose is to enhance the power of the group in control of the districting process at the expense of any minority group, and thereby to strengthen the unequal distribution of electoral power." - Shaw, 509 U.S. at 678

Aftermath

Impact
While Shaw intended to construct limitations on using race to gerrymander districts, it fell short to live up to those expectations. The Shaw v. Reno decision led to different interpretations as questions were left unanswered. The result of Shaw led to a mixed reaction and, soon after, lawsuits were filed against majority-Black districts in some southern states such as Florida, Georgia, and Louisiana. Shaw also does not add or address the criteria needed for creating districts. "Highly irregular" districts are called into question but Shaw does not unpack what that means. The impact of Shaw goes far beyond the case decision and has since paved the wave for future Supreme Court cases. Supreme Court cases, which build on Shaw, focus on majority-minority districts and try to answer if race can be used to redistrict districts. Grofman adds that he does not believe Shaw to be a game-changer, but he does emphasize that while their consequences might not be as far-reaching, its succeeding cases are. While Shaw failed to set clear criteria for gerrymandering, Shaw impacted the future of voting rights.The significance of the Shaw v. Reno decision is heavily debated but it is known that it had a lasting impact on how the Voting Rights Act was going to be enforced and the structure of the U.S. political system.

Related Cases
In the aftermath of the Shaw v. Reno decision, the Supreme Court reexamined the topic of racial gerrymandering in the other court cases. In Bush v. Vera, the state of Texas planned to add additional congressional districts after the 1990 census. These redistricting measures were found to be unconstitutional and in the decision of this case, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor referred back to her opinion from Shaw v. Reno. She noted that under the standard of "strict scrutiny", the districts were irregularly shaped and used race as a deciding factor. The redistricting plans of this case were overturned and the overall decision aligned with that of the Shaw case. Likewise, Miller v. Johnson is another case that was influenced by Shaw. In Miller v. Johnson, Georgia's racial gerrymandering was questioned to violate the Equal Protection Clause, as it aimed to create a majority-Black district. Justices looked to Shaw v. Reno for guidance as they ruled on the legality of racial gerrymandering. Using the Shaw v. Reno decision, the justices decided that using racial reasons for redistricting is unconstitutional. Since Georgia's General Assembly used "race for its own sake and not other districting principles," their actions were rendered unconstitutional.

Controversies
There  have been controversies and misinterpretations associated with Shaw v. Reno. Shaw fails to give criteria for an irregular drawing. It is, therefore, unclear how to prove when a shape is bizarre enough to constitute a clear racial motive, making it hard for courts to decide on rulings. As a result, it is possible for courts to interpret Shaw differently. For example, a Georgia court ruled that a district of "average appearance" was invalidated, but North Carolina's snake-like shaped district which could be described as irregular was upheld. There are many discrepancies that each judge must take into account when using Shaw v. Reno as a precedent. In addition to being unclear, Shaw has the ability to disenfranchise minorities. In Reynold v. Sims, the phrase "people, not trees of pastures, vote" can be applied to Shaw, as people, not highways, vote. Despite this, voter rights are being controlled by district shapes in the redistricting process. Shaw v. Reno places a lot of importance on the actual lines drawn, rather than who they contain. This outlook has the potential to disenfranchise minorities, as courts may place more importance on the shape of the district, rather than the underrepresented people.

See also
 Wesberry v. Sanders, : Earlier Georgia congressional redistricting case
 Wright v. Rockefeller,
 Miller v. Johnson,
 Bush v. Vera,
 Hunt v. Cromartie,
 Easley v. Cromartie,
 Georgia v. Ashcroft, :  Georgia State Senate redistricting case
 League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry,
 Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama,
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 509

Further reading

Whitaker, L. Paige (April 13, 2015). "Congressional Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act: A Legal Overview". Congressional Research Service.

References

External links

 Google Scholar

United States equal protection case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
United States electoral redistricting case law
1993 in United States case law
Gerrymandering in the United States
Congressional districts of North Carolina
African-American history of North Carolina
Legal history of North Carolina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Antares is a lovely townhome community located in North West Carmel Valley. It is a perfect family neighborhood with Carmel Valley Middle School, Torrey Pines High and the Del Mar Highlands Plaza only walking distance away. Homes for sale are multi-level with living areas between 1,535 and 1,608 square feet. The HOA fee includes use of the community pool and spa, exercise room, and clubhouse. View all Antares homes for sale below.
Selling or buying a home in Antares soon? Call Beer Home Team - Keller Williams at 858-465-7899. Our community of Antares real estate agents will help you navigate the Antares housing market near Carmel Valley.
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There are thousands of happy patients that get there conventional shoulder replacements done who are suffering from severe shoulder arthritis in the past. However, this surgery might not benefit the patients that have huge rotator of cuff tears that have developed the complex form of the shoulder arthritis this is known as cuff tear of arthropathy. These patients might suffer from severe pain and limited motion if they undergo this procedure. The reverse shoulder replacement can be a definite solution for these patients.
The device used in the conservative shoulder replacement procedure is quite similar to that of the plastic cup that gets attached to the socket of the shoulder or the glenoid and on upper arm bone or humerus, to be precise, on top, attached with a metal ball. In reverse shoulder replacement, this surgery is done to switch a socket and metal ball. The ball is attached to the socket as well as the plastic cup is attached to upper-end part of the humerus bone.
As compared to the conventional shoulder replacement procedure, the total reverse shoulder substitute works much better for the patients with the cuff tear atrophy as it depends on other muscles to perform the movement of the arm. For a normal shoulder, the muscles of rotator cuff help the arm power and position properly during ROM. This replacement depends completely on a deltoid muscle of the shoulder and not in rotator cuff for position and power the arm.
When the pain progresses with time or becomes worse while physical activity or becomes a problem during sleep hours, it is a clear indication that something is wrong with your shoulder that you need to be concerned about.
If your shoulder pops out of place or becomes difficult while pushing or pulling an object, it is a matter of concern.
The reduced motion can result in a decrease in the muscles because of the reduced work.
When a body part reacts to an injury, the first natural instinct is swelling that happens to protect the area. It is a clear sign from your body that something is wrong.
This limits you from arm extensions. If your arm is getting stiff day by day, you need to visit the doctor as soon as possible.
If you feel pain while touching the shoulder area or if it pains while sleeping, it is a thing to matter.
If you hear sounds of clicking or popping while shoulder movement, Crepitus is formed between the cartilage and the bone by friction.
The ball and the socket are reversed in the process of reverse shoulder replacement. Your doctor will make a cut on either the front or on the top side of the shoulder and remove the damaged bone surgically and then fix the new components to get back the functions of your shoulder. Most of the patients after the reverse shoulder replacement surgical treatment get back to their normal working of the shoulder and arm.
While these patients will get relieved from the constant pain, the motion recovery will get back to them slowly because of the long duration of disuse and de-conditioning of their shoulder muscles such as the deltoid. After the surgery, you will be given a rehabilitation program for more than three months keeping your injury in mind to get the best results from the artificial joint.


480 N. San Jacinto Ave.
San Jacinto Valley Academy is a public elementary school located in San Jacinto, CA in the San Jacinto Unified School District. It enrolls 1,405 students in grades 1st through 12th. San Jacinto Valley Academy is the 41st largest public school in California and the 236th largest nationally. It has 23.2 students to every teacher.
The form below lets you find San Jacinto Valley Academy alumni info and San Jacinto Valley Academy students.
Out of 6,241 ranked schools in California, San Jacinto Valley Academy is ranked 203rd for total students on lunch assistance.
The percentage of San Jacinto Valley Academy students on free and reduced lunch assistance (56.9%) is slightly lower than the state average of 60.7%. This may indicate that the area has a lower level of poverty than the state average.


text:
Q: Can C# GC move static class method? I know, that GC can move objects, so if you want to avoid this for some time, you use
GCHandle.Alloc(..., GCHandleType.Pinned)

I want to pass a C# function to C++ DLL, which will be called several times.
I saw this answer about how to pass C# function to C++ DLL and my approach is:
C++:
#include <string>

typedef void(*MyFunction)(const char*);

void foo(MyFunction func) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        std::string s = std::to_string(i);
        func(s.c_str());
    }
}

C#:
class Program {
    delegate void MyFunction([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string s);

    [DllImport(..., CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
    static extern foo(MyFunction function);

    static void Baz(string s) {
         Console.WriteLine(s);
    }

    private static MyFunction delegateInstance;

    static void Main(string[] args) {
        delegateInstance = Baz;
        foo(delegateInstance);
    }
}

This program works fine if built for x64, but silently dies if built for x86. I think GC moves my Baz function at some point and C++ DLL is trying to call it.
If it is, how can I avoid this?
Edit
It looks like the delegate functions must be declared with UnmanagedFunctionPointer to look like
[UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
delegate void MyFunction([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string s);

Now it works fine, but does anyone knows, why is it necessary and did work on x64?

A: There is only one calling convention on x64 (and it isn't cdecl). Your CallingConvention.Cdecl applies to x86 only (where there are multiple valid calling conventions). It's therefore unsurprising that things worked fine with the "wrong" calling convention specified on x64, as there's only one possible calling convention and so your CallingConvention was ignored.
Switch to x86 however and suddenly specifying the wrong calling convention matters.
Also note, having the wrong calling convention would cause your app to crash immediately. GC problems tend to kick in after a number of seconds -- things work for a bit, and then stop working. It should be fairly easy to distinguish problems related to the GC (which work for a bit, and then stop) from other sorts of p/invoke problems (which cause an immediate crash)


text:
LEX INSIDERLAW DECODED
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The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy; or other wise known as the Ministry of AYUSH; has the objective to develop education, conduct research and...
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Reliance Facebook Deal vis-à-vis the Controversial Farmers' Bills 2020
Aashi Shah - October 18, 2020 0
Reliance Facebook Deal - Background The Modi government's ideology visibly encompasses towards privatization and pro-corporatization. The recent farmers' bills set in motion...
Facebook's Endgame – Producing Flawed Democracy?
K. Shiva Sai - September 19, 2020 0
Lately, Facebook has been accused of imparting partisanship. The social media Giant has also been earlier accused of manifesting partiality by...
A New Twist in the 20 year old Babri Masjid verdict: Will the case step into the International Court ?
K. Shiva Sai - September 2, 2020 0
Mejbel Al Sharika has insisted to draw the Babri Masjid Case into the International Court. He is an eminent lawyer from...
Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google – Tech's Top CEOs Face Congress in Antitrust Hearing
Ishan Harlalka - July 29, 2020 0
A rare public showdown between Congress and the CEOs of tech's biggest companies in antitrust hearing took place on Wednesday, July...
Delhi High Court asks for NLU Consortium and Centre's Stand on Plea for a Home- Based CLAT 2020
Ishan Harlalka - August 5, 2020 0
The Delhi High Court on August 4, 2020, asked the Centre and the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) to reply...
CLAT 2020 Consortium Introduces SD-CBT Model for Safe Conduct of Exam
Meghna Sharma - June 30, 2020 0
The Consortium of National Law Universities Common Law Admission Test (CLAT), 2020 has announced the final date for the conduct of...
Mukul Rohatgi to Address the Webinar on Arun Jaitley's Perspective on Justice Dispensation: CAN Foundation
The Confederation of Alumni for National Law Universities (CAN Foundation) has announced the launch of an interactive webinar on "Shri Arun...
NLUD Issues Statement Against Labour Ministry's Order Reinstating the 55 Safai Karmcharis
Akshata Ramesh - June 25, 2020 0
The National Law University Delhi(NLUD) has issued a statement regarding the protests for reinstatement of sanitation workers of the University. The...
SC Adjourns PIL Seeking Reliefs for Migrant Workers
Niket Khandelwal
NewsPILSupreme Court
The PIL filed by Harsh Mander and Anjali Bhardawaj pertaining to minimum wages for migrant workers was heard today.
A PIL filed seeking immediate payment of wages to migrant workers amid COVID-19 lockdown. Filed by Harsh Mander and Anjali Bhardwaj, the PIL was heard today by the SC. A bench comprising of Chief Justice SA Bobde, Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul & Deepak Gupta said it received the central government's affidavit the morning of the hearing and adjourned the hearing of the PIL till April 13.
Appearing for the petitioner, Prashant Bhushan submitted that more than 4 lakh migrant workers were living in shelter homes. Terming it "a mockery of social distancing". He further added that according to their survey reports, more than 40% of these workers did not try to migrate. He said they are living in their own homes in the cities. With no money to buy even one day's meal.
Upon hearing Bhushan, the CJI asked that if the migrant workers were being provided meals then why did they need money for it. Thus, Advocate Bhushan replied: "They don't just need food in the shelter homes, we need to give them money to send to their families back home". Advocate Bhushan further submitted that the food which was being served at the Shelter homes was "inedible". The CJI replying to Bhushan's submissions said, "We are not experts and don't intend to interfere without knowing what it is all about. We do not plan to supplant the wisdom of the government with our wisdom. We will ask the government to create a helpline for complaints."
Bhushan exclaimed that by the next date of hearing many people will die. However, the bench refused to change the next date. It has directed Bhushan to go through the Affidavit filed by the central government in the meantime. The Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, appearing for the central government said, "We are looking into what are the complaints received. The call centre is set up. The home minister is monitoring the helpline daily".
Chief Justice of India
Solicitor General of India
Niket Khandelwalhttp://lexinsider.com
The case of Aruna Shanbaug that changed the Euthanasia laws...
Siddhi Shetty - December 13, 2020 0
It is my Belief that death is a friend to whom we should be grateful, for it frees us from the manifold ills which are our lot - Mahatma Gandhi. As human beings, out the umpteen desires that we have, one of them is definitely to have a peaceful death....
Justice D Y Chandrachud's path-breaking Verdict in the Sabarimala Case of...
Aashi Shah - December 11, 2020 0
"Will the quest for equality and fraternity be denuded of its content where women continue to be treated as children of a lesser god in exercising their liberties in matters of belief, faith and worship? Will the pursuit of individual dignity be capable of being achieved if we deny...
After repealing section 377, its time to Legalise Same-Sex Marriage in...
Aashi Shah - November 24, 2020 0
A draconian, archaic law that criminalized homosexuality was struck down in a historic judgment given by the Supreme Court in 2018. Two years after the judgment, the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) community has now sought legal recognition of their relationships. As the social stigmas surrounding the LGBTQ...
Modern Day Book Burning a.k.a Internet Shutdowns
Siddhi Shetty - November 23, 2020 0
The internet has become an indispensable element in our society for all the obvious reasons. For the majority of users, not a single day goes by where we don't 'need' the internet and the lack of a reliable and fast connection can feel paralyzing. An internet shutdown refers to...
Letter to UNHRC – Dr Kafeel Khan, Punished Because He's Muslim
Nahush Gautam - October 29, 2020 0
Kafeel Khan, a doctor by profession and a social activist has been targeted by Yogi Government since 2017, in 3 years he had been maliciously arrested 3 times & imprisoned for around 14 months on the false charges set up against him at many instances. Now he is absolved...
Everyone prays to never see the bars of prison in their lifetime. Yet, as fickle as life is, it is quite hard to predict the future. It is in everyone's benefit to know a little bit about prison life; for movies and cinemas do not do justice to the...
Lex Insider is a modern day legal publication, which is focusing on decoding law for the law students and young lawyers by reporting the latest happenings in the legal world be it courts, legislatures, law schools and beyond.
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GTA 5 in Mobile 202 – How To Install GTA V in Android
May 29, 2020 May 24, 2021 Abdul RahmanUncategorized
Grand Theft Auto V — more and more people within the world want to play games. this is often not surprising, because this method of leisure is interesting, safe and as cheap as possible.
one among the foremost popular video games of this decade is grand larceny Auto V, which Rockstar Games Studio released in September 2013. Until today, it had been only available on gaming consoles and computers, now, now, it are often installed with none difficulties on Android. The developers were ready to port the legendary GTA V APK to mobile devices running "green robot".
Game Studio Rockstar Games has already released for smartphones and tablets such video games as GTA Vice City, GTA III and GTA San Andreas. However, all of those don't bring her a correct profit, so she stopped developing their creations for mobile devices.
it had been decided to try to to it for independent developers who created and released the GTA V port on Android, and now everyone can download it. Since this very port was developed with none agreements and permissions, its creators don't have the power to publish it to Google Play.
In addition, thus far we are talking about the beta version of the sport grand larceny Auto V on Android, and thus in its work there are some problems that arise from time to time. during this regard, this SOFTWARE is just not missed within the Google Play store, so you would like to download it as an APK file. the standard of graphics is at a really high level, so even on the highest smartphones it can hamper .
Fortunately, you'll choose the worst graphics settings within the settings, which can increase the frame rate to the optimal value. The more RAM your phone has, the higher GTA 5 will work thereon .
Note! This game isn't a politician development of Rockstar Games. the sport is poorly optimized, so it'll be difficult to run it on most smartphones.
Name : GTA 5
Size : 105 MB
Ver : Unofficial
You just need to download a single file that is given below click on download button and download file after downloading file Open this file in civil software that are also available on our website
GTAV: The Manual is the official manual app for Grand Theft Auto V.
GTAV: The Manual is the official manual app for Grand Theft Auto V. Contains over 100 pages covering everything from Game Controls, and Features to a tour through the local neighborhoods and activities across Los Santos and Blaine County – plus a special interactive version of the game map to zoom in and explore.
Developed by series creators Rockstar North, Grand Theft Auto V is available worldwide for PlayStation®4, PlayStation®3, Xbox One®, Xbox 360® and PC.
Set in the biggest, most dynamic and most diverse open world ever created, Grand Theft Auto V blends storytelling and gameplay in new ways as players repeatedly jump in and out of the lives of the game's three lead characters.
When a young street hustler, a retired bank robber and a terrifying psychopath find themselves entangled with some of the most frightening and deranged elements of the criminal underworld, the U.S. government and the entertainment industry, they must pull off a series of dangerous heists to survive in a ruthless city in which they can trust nobody, least of all each other.
All the classic hallmarks of the groundbreaking series return, including incredible attention to detail and Grand Theft Auto's darkly humorous take on modern culture.
Grand Theft Auto V also comes with Grand Theft Auto Online, the dynamic and ever-evolving Grand Theft Auto universe for multiple players. With the expansive game world and fluid mechanics of Grand Theft Auto V as a foundation, Grand Theft Auto Online expands and evolves with regular content updates created by Rockstar Games and the Grand Theft Auto community.
With assistance from characters from the story of Grand Theft Auto V, players rise through the criminal ranks by banding together with friends to complete Jobs for cash, purchase properties, vehicles and character upgrades, compete in traditional competitive modes such as Deathmatches or Races by land, air or sea, or create your own content to play and share with the Grand Theft Auto community.
To find out more about GTAV, visit http://www.rockstargames.com/V
Watch GTAV trailers, gameplay videos and more at: http://www.rockstargames.com/V/videos
Extract your file and install APK after put OBB file in Android OBB EV folder
Download GTA V
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Solar Panels in Ebro, FL: Solar Companies, Cost, and Installation
We're here to help you determine whether a solar power system is worth it in Ebro, Florida. We'll also answer your questions about how it works and which solar providers and installers are available. See the topics below:
Cost of Solar Panels in Ebro, FL
The figures below show the total cost of solar power in Ebro and the estimated payback or break-even period. The numbers below assumes you want to buy the system outright. You can also get a loan, lease the system, or set up a "power purchase agreement" (PPA). Learn more about payment options.
Time to recover costs: 14 years 0 months
Time to recover costs: 12 years 11 months
Solar Power Companies in Ebro, FL
Should You Get Solar in Ebro?
Obviously only you can decide, but we've collected the following pros and cons for getting solar at a Ebro home or business:
Higher than average sunshine (10.2% above average)
None known for Ebro, FL
Is solar worth it in Ebro, FL? Considering all of the above, we think so for most people. Solar is 5.3% more cost effective than the rest of the nation and will pay itself back in around 14 years 0 months for a home buyer. We like to see return times (without state incentives) under 20 years.
Solar Power Savings by Month in Ebro
A 5kW system will save someone in Ebro up to $86.87 on an average month. That's significant given the average Florida power bill of $132.16 per month. Here's a monthly breakdown:
Mar 5.84 $98.00
Data based on 1 zip in Ebro, FL. Data reliability is rated excellent.
For example, April is the highest-sun month in Ebro with an average of 6.19 kW per meter per day. An efficient 5 kW system will cover about 25 square meters depending on the roof. So, the following is the savings calculation for April in Ebro:
These assumptions are very good for the average home in Ebro, but nothing beats the accuracy of getting your own quote.
Cypress, FL
Defuniak Springs, FL
Fountain, FL


I have a Tandon TM848-2 8" floppy drive where the fuse next to the power connector has blown. No idea yet where the cause is, but I can find no info on the rating of the fuse, and it doesn't appear on the schematics, at least that I can find. Does anyone know what a suitable replacement would be? I read in the specs that there can be as much as 2.5 amps drawn on the 24v line as the spindle motor starts, so in the absence of any further info, I've found some 4A slo-blow axial fuses. Does this sound reasonable?
Only two out of my four TM848s actually have that fuse installed and it certainly looks like an afterthought; FWIW it is a BEL 3A, no indication to suggest that it's an SB type.
One of the reasons that the fuse on the 848 can blow is that the 4.7uF cap C6 can short or the 7812 regulator that follows it has failed. You might also check out the 4.7 uF cap at C2. I've had drives fail twice because of the 7812 being run too hot. It's a lousy design and probably an afterthought. If you have a separate 12V supply, you may want to consider bypassing the regulator entirely.
Consider, at a draw of 2A, that regulator has to dissipate 24 watts in heat!
A more pragmatic approach would be to use a "simple switcher" to drop the 24V. Such as the LM2576 (http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm2576.pdf), which would take a few more components, but eliminate that hot spot.
You were bang on the money Chuck, the C2 capacitor was shorted. That's been replaced and the fuse bypassed and the drive at least runs now. It's still not able to format a disk yet, but I suspect that might be the controller board.
Just curious--did the bad capacitor have a yellow jacket? Mine did--and I'm wondering if that's one of the first things to replace.
I do not know which model of TM848 that you have, but the photo at [here (http://minuszerodegrees.net/images4/Tandon%20TM848%20-%20replaced%20caps.jpg)] shows a particular make/value cap that I often found faulty when diagnosing my newly acquired TM848's. On careful inspection, some were visibly leaking. I ended up just replacing them all.
Got photos of C2 and C6? Those are the ones most prone to failure, it seems.
C1 was what went short circuit on one of my drives.
Nope, black bullet shaped ones. Here's photos of the failed caps and fuse, plus my ugly repair until I receive some axial 4.7 uf caps.
Is that "dead bug" C7 your work or is that original? If original, it looks as if the factory ran out of axial caps and so used a radial one. Weird.
Looks like they were a problem but Jugi was too cheap to replace them all ;-).
The -E versions TM848-E are substantially different and probably irrelevant to this discussion.
Nope, that was as I received it. From the look of the back side of the board, it was factory installed though.


New 13C-labeled internal standard from Cerilliant - Methylmalonic acid-13C4.
Methylmalonic acid is an indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency and methylmalonic acidemia. This internal standard is suitable for quantitation of methylmalonic acid levels by LC/MS or GC/MS in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency and methylmalonic acidemia.


Here's a little story I wrote as Fading Suns fanfiction. Thought I'd put it up for a bit, check out any comments, before I ebook it and put it up (for free) on Smashwords and the Writing page of this site.
Side note: Fading Suns just just moved publishing from FASA to a favorite game publisher of mine, Ulisses Spiele! I am very excited by this news! It will be the best thing to happen to Fading Suns since… not the move to FASA, uhm… certainly not the addition of d20 rules! Well, since the 2nd edition came out, I would guess.
She switched the radio to silent notification and checked the rounds in her pistol. "Those codes better work," she mused aloud, then stood up from out of the shadow and stepped into the slightly less shadow. Keeping to the wall, Arcadia flowed down the corridor silent and slow. The decorative beveling of the walls in the base looked unique and artistic, but had the unanticipated effect of baffling noise rather well — which she was about to test.
When she reached the intersection where all shadow was killed by the light coming from where she needed to go, Arcadia paused, stood up straight, took a deep breath, and thumbed the pistol's safety off. "Now or never," she intoned her personal mantra.
The guard at the door was thinking about the cookies Josef had brought that morning. How many times had he and some of the others given Josef crap about their being "ginger-flavored rocks." Surely it can't be that hard to make cookies, he thought. What, thousands of years of human civilization and this guy can't make a proper batch of cookies. What's the benefit of being able to stay in the furnished apartments in this base instead of the spartan barracks he'd known for years, if they couldn't use the kitchenettes properly. By the stars, this indigestion is going to last all shift. What's that? He turned to the sound of steps coming from around the corner.
"You, hold. What are you do-" Arcadia raised her pistol and fired twice at the surprised guard. The first shot grazed his neck but the second hit him center of the throat. He dropped to his knees clutching his neck and then fell on his face where a pool of blood formed around his head.
Arcadia sprung to the door panel, avoiding tripping over the body. No alarm indicator. If she had timed everything properly, no one else was on the floor right now and the sound should have alerted no one. The guard didn't have a chance to trip an alarm. All seemed well.
She pulled the jury-rigged patcher from her jacket. A storage disk attached to an open chip with a patch cable soldered to it. She'd spliced it together on the trip to the base, hoping the info the disk contained (acquired at some cost) was valid. "Now or never," she said thoughtlessly and plugged the cable into the panel interface. The panel display flashed a series of alphaneumerics before turning black. Arcadia's breath caught in her throat. Then, almost as an afterthought, the red light turned green and the lock on the door clicked off. Smiling, Arcadia pushed the door open and stepped past the threshold.
As she padded into the room and the door slid shut behind her, the room's lighting slowly increased, illuminating the massive yet stark space. The light gray coloring of everything was interrupted by a computer console and a pedestal erupting from a hole in the middle of the floor. Her intel indicated there wasn't any security beyond the door, but her experience taught her to be half as trusting and twice as careful. She made her way around the edge of the room looking for anything unusual, opening her intuition to gut feelings.
Once around, satisfied, she walked to the pedestal and the datapad sitting atop it, connected by a ribbon cable to the room. Most of the time, the Second Republic artifacts she discovered were coated in dust of centuries. Like the rest of this recently uncovered base, this artifact was as clean as her thoughts. Well, maybe Nadin's thoughts. On second thought . . . Arcadia realized she and her companions might actually not be entirely "good guys". . . .
She carefully removed the ribbon cable and the datapad woke up, going into a standby mode. She rummaged through her collection of Second Republic interface adapters and found the one she needed. It plugged neatly into the side of the pad and her own personal computer: a device that, ironically, would get her into more trouble with the Church than any of her lock-disabling tools would. She started up the stored processes and smiled at the moving progress bar.
Then the door blew in.
On the other side, crouching soldiers filled the corridor, along with a couple of techies with metal cutters and blow torches, and a very upset Captain Boulange. They must have been out there, trying to get in, for some time. How long? She looked down at her forgotten radio still set on silent. The message indicator light blinked furiously. Crap. Well, not much she could have done with Zekeel's warning in any case.
"The datapad, please." Boulange said with his hand out.
Oh, she thought. That's right. She was off her game that day on Istakhr. He thinks her hesitation when she had the chance to kill him and didn't was mercy and not simply jitters from 'throx' withdrawal. Well, that was lucky. Who knows, Arcadia thought, maybe fortune again this day would grant her yet another card to keep and play later. She looked around, slowly, taking in all the guns trained on her and sighed as defeated a sigh as she could. With hope that it had been long enough, and without looking, she thumbed off the connection to her computer and handed the datapad over to Boulange.
The captain smiled a thick and sickly smile as he passed the device over his shoulder to an eager techie, never taking his eyes off of Arcadia's. "Well, my diminutive and troublesome girl," Boulange began as he pulled his sword from scabbard, "I think you may have overestimated-" The explosion that shook the base interrupted the captain's gloat.
The soldiers in the corridor, half getting back on their feet, were looking down the corridor with various expressions of fear and anger. The captain turned and looked behind him, out the door. Several smaller explosions vibrated the floor through their boots. Captain Boulange, forgetting Arcadia entirely at the prospect of losing this greatest acquisition of his criminal career, ran to the door while ordering his men to defend the base at all costs.
Arcadia glanced down at her computer's display as she continued the countdown under her breath. She smiled at the "data copy complete" message waiting for her. She reached "one," then "zero" in her countdown, and whispered, "now or never," before exhaling all breath from her lungs and holding it with eyes screwed closed. When nothing happened for several seconds, Arcadia opened an eye and mumbled, "The hell?" just as the back wall of the lab exploded and debris, and Arcadia, being immediately blown out into space by the decompression.
Arcadia limped down the back hallway of the dive that served as Krelig's latest headquarters on Bannockburn. No doubt chosen for convenient proximity to some slave-trade deal with the Muster. Zekeel walked as threateningly as possible, which was exceedingly threatening, behind her. They passed several armed, and particularly smelly, button-men before coming to the last door. The raucous laughter and music from the tavern above them filtered down. Arcadia was happy her hearing hadn't been permanently damaged, but it was a risk she'd been willing to take.
The guard at the door looked her up and down, pausing at the variety of bandages she wore, and rested on her stony expression without giving Zekeel half a glance. She was amused that she was more intimidating than her big and dangerous companion and reminded herself to tease him about that later. The guard knocked on the door three distinct knocks.
After a moment of everyone glancing at each other and shifting weight on different feet, the door opened and another guard nodded into the room. Arcadia and Zekeel shifted past the guards and into the dim room that smelled of stale beer and stale hope.
Boss Krelig was in the process of yelling at a mousy fellow with sleeve garters and ink-stained fingers. Something about receipts and skimming she didn't care anything about. She looked at Krelig's personal guard standing behind and to his left, an arm's length away from him. Arcadia recognized her — Braids. A dangerous woman capable of changing the gender on a fly with a thrown dagger at hundred feet. She wore her hair in braids that seemed more appropriate on a girl running blithely through fields of heather. But on Krelig's personal assassin, it gave a disconcerting innocence to death incarnate. If Krelig was using Braids as his guard today, Arcadia knew he was scared of something, and she wasn't arrogant enough to think it was her and Zekeel. Even so, she thought, best not to test him.
"Enemy of my enemy," she said.
"There you go. You're smarter already. Now get out of here and give Baldric the location on your way out." He instantly turned his attention to one of the other lackeys in the room and started yelling about receipts and lack of skimming, Arcadia and Zekeel entirely forgotten. Although Braids hadn't forgotten. She continued to stare at Arcadia even as she turned and walked out.
Arcadia realized, whether or not Boss Krelig was using Braids as his personal "man" out of fear for some other threat or not, the fact that he was letting them go and trusting her to leave the directions to the data without leaving a hostage, meant he was using Braids as a message to her: Don't screw me, or you'll have certain death chasing you across the galaxy. Arcadia couldn't suppress the shiver.
(FADING SUNS, its character and place names, and unique terminology, are owned and trademarked by Holisitc Design Inc. and published by Ulisses Spiele GmbH. This story is a derivative work of fanfiction and is presented without charge or compensation.


LOCATION YOU HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR WITH ALL THE EXPOSURE !! FREE STANDING BUILDING. AN EXISTING MEDICAL/DENTIST OFFICE FOR THE LAST 40+ YEARS. 9 EXAM ROOMS WITH 2 SEPERATE WAITING/LOBBY AREA AND A PRIVATE OFFICE. CONVENIENTLY LOCATED ON A VERY HEAVLY TRAVELED RD.


Black Sea Gold is a winery established in 1932 in the town of Pomorie. It possesses 650 hectares of own vineyards in the Southern Black Sea Coast region planted with international and local grape varieties.
The Wine Cellar "Malkata Zvezda" was established in 2005 in the place, named "The Little Pentacle", near the town of Harmanli in South-Eastof Bulgaria by Doctor Stefan Angelov and his partners and associates.
Vinopolis offers a wide selection of Bulgarian boutique wines, wines from small producers as well as a selection of local wines of different varieties. There is a wine tasting room for 40 people (+20 on the second floor) suitable for professional wine tasting, organizing presentations of wines and wineries and wine dinner. Vinopolis hosts various wine events and wine tasting on a regular base.


MADRID (AP) Atletico Madrid was so poor in the first half against fourth-division visitor Sant Andreu that a shock Copa del Rey elimination wasn't a far-fetched possibility on Wednesday.
Substitute Lemar went on at halftime and was key for Atletico, opening the scoring with a right-footed shot from outside the area. Kalinic added a header and Correa produced a fine finish with the outside of his right foot. Vitolo's goal from close range came after a pass by Saul Niguez.
Valladolid came from behind to defeat second tier Mallorca 2-1 and progress 4-2 on aggregate.