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RC Writers
RC Alumni Journal
RC Review
Voices of the Middle West
Theatre Nova: Frederick Glaysher's The Parliament of Poets
Theatre Nova
410 W. Huron
Alum Performance
Alum Local RC
Celebrating our common humanity uniting us all.
On September 22, 29, and October 6, 7:00 pm, the theatre company, Apollo's Troupe, will stage the theatre adaptation of the critically-acclaimed epic poem, The Parliament of Poets, written by Michigan poet Frederick Glaysher and published in 2012 by Earthrise Press. Fresh from performing in May at Wayne State University's Studio Theatre, this stage adaptation of Mr. Glaysher's epic work in verse keeps intact much of the beautiful poetry that exemplifies this spectacular book while seeking to reach a new audience with its message of how poetry and artistry from all times and cultures can elevate the world and redefine our lives for the better.
Glaysher studied with Robert Hayden during the last year of his life, worked for him as a secretary, and editing his Collected Prose for the University of Michigan Press and his Collected Poems for Liveright. Glaysher holds two degrees from U of M, the latter a Master's in English. When it came time for writing his epic poem, Glaysher knew he had to include Robert Hayden to try to honor his former teacher, mentor, and friend.
Taking place on the moon at the Apollo 11 landing site, a lone poet finds himself charged by Don Quixote and "The Parliament of Poets" to spread a new message of beauty, unity, and love to all nations of our fractured modern world. He is then sent to meet with the great poets, myths, and characters from history, East and West, to be mentored on his quest towards enlightenment and understanding.
The cast is comprised of the poet himself, as a persona, The Poet of the Moon, as well as five talented actors playing multiple roles including Don Quixote, Merlin the Magician, Jane Austen, Ann Arbor Poet Robert Hayden, Leo Tolstoy, the Biblical prophet-poet Job, the great Chinese poet Du Fu, the African Queen Sogolon, and many more. These actors are Dennis Kleinsmith as Don Quixote and Tolstoy (Theatre Nova, JET, Shakespeare in Detroit, etc.), Krystle Dellihue as Robert Hayden and Queen Sogolon from the Mali epic Sundiata (Shakespeare In Detroit, Matrix Theatre, Redbud, PTD), Alexander Sloan, also as Robert Hayden and Jorge Luis Borges (Open Book, Water Works, Hope College), Marley Boone, as the Fairy Queen and the Chinese Tang poet Du Fu (Williamston, St. Dunstan's, several Philadelphia theatres), Patrick Grimes, as the African Flying Tortoise Mbeku, Merlin, Virgil, and William Blake (Redbud, Morris, Young People's Theatre). The stage manager is Briana O'Neal, the new resident stage manager at Theatre Nova (Eastern MSU, Ann Arbor Civic Theatre).
In the canto with Robert Hayden, he invokes the passage from Stephen Vincent Benet's John Brown's Body about one day there would be an American black poet who would sing for his people. Hayden then calls forth the fairies and magical beings from around the world, throughout time, to carry him and his "charge," the Poet of the Moon, heavenward to the Apollo 11 landing site.
Based on staging by Jeff Thomakos, of the Michigan Michael Chekhov Studio, the show is a unique blend of poetry reading, protest play, and performance art with a powerful message of peace, love, and humanity on the tiny, blue marble floating in space that we all share together.
"I am very honored to try to bring this critically-acclaimed work, from one of Michigan's most talented poets to life. I think it will be a unique and moving experience," says Mr. Thomakos.
The show will be a Guest Production at Theatre Nova, 410 West Huron Street. Performances will take place 7:00 – 9:00 pm on Sunday evenings September 22, 29, and October 6. Tickets are at the door and online under Guest Productions, https://www.theatrenova.org/guest-productions $22 general, $15 students. Go to TheatreNova.org or EarthrisePress.Net for more information. Or call 248-453-4220. The Parliament of Poets can be purchased at Crazy Wisdom Bookstore.
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Today's Special Saturday was an Island adventure. After arriving at IYK, the children played outside before exercise and calming. When they opened their eyes, everyone was gone! But just next door was Keanu, the host of IYK Island. The children learned about 'aloha' and how to do the 'shaka,' as well as meet some of the Islanders who lived on the island. The Islanders taught us about some cool animals that live there, as well as talk about how they need the children's help. Once we split into groups and got our shell necklaces, the children followed their guides to different games to help the Islanders and get some pearls for their shells. They also gathered all the animals before using them to find the King's treasure box. Inside was a fun game that everyone played before having a picnic style lunch. It was such a fun day. Thanks for coming to IYK Island! Aloha!


We are a caring and highly trained team of Worthington dentists focused on delivering the highest quality treatment and service. Our mission is to provide all of our patients with consistent, high-quality care in a comfortable and pleasant environment. We do this by maximizing the three main facets of our practice: team, facility, and education. Our staff has committed to our mission with cutting-edge technology and with expanding our knowledge through continuing education. Our doctors have had extensive training, teaching experience, been published in numerous publications, and manage one of the longest standing continuing education study clubs in the greater Columbus area, Spectrum Dental Society.
Dr. Bradley Purcell received his dental degree from Marquette University School of Dentistry in 2002 and received his Specialty in Prosthodonticscertificate and Masters of Science degree from The Ohio State University School of Dentistry in 2005. He graduated with honors from both universities and is a member of three academic honor societies. Dr. Purcell maintains a private practice limited to Prosthodontics at Spectrum Dental & Prosthodontics. As a private practitioner, Dr. Purcell has been repeatedly selected by his peers to 'Columbus Best Dentists' and 'America's Best Dentists.' Dr. Purcell's practice focuses on providing a high level of care in a warm and caring environment. Dr. Purcell and his team are dedicated to providing their patient's an optimal experience from the moment they call the office.
Dr. Purcell continues to publish articles in peer-reviewed journals in the area of dental implants and is an editor for the 'International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants,' the world's foremost dental implant scientific journal and the official journal of the Academy of Osseointegration. Dr. Purcell teaches at The Ohio State University School of Dentistry and lectures nationally in the area of dental implants and dental prosthodontics. Dr. Purcell also runs Spectrum Dental Society, a continuing education AGD Certified study club dedicated to providing high-level education to area dentistsand has a lecture facility attached to and affiliated with Spectrum Dental & Prosthodontics.
Dr. Laurell received his Doctor of Dental Science degree in 1976 and his Master of Science degree in Prosthodontics in 1986 from the Ohio State University. He has maintained a private practice specializing in aesthetic dentistry, full mouth reconstruction, Temporomandibular Joint disorders and implant dentistry since 1976, and has authored over 30 research publications in dental journals. He was also a faculty member at the Ohio State University for over 20 years and has been very involved in continuing education seminars, giving many national and international presentations on a variety of topics. He is a member of many dental organizations and is a Fellow of the Midwest Implant Institute.
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When your dental problems can't be solved by a general dentist this is where you need to be. I am a referring dentist and love the results my patients get. Drs Laurell and Purcell are the best at what they do they are down to earth!


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Murder of John H. Tunstall
In the year 1878, a violent conflict erupted in this part of New Mexico known today as the Lincoln County War. This historical marker recognizes the death of John H. Tunstall, a rancher whose murder exacerbated the violent conflict.
John Tunstall Murder Site
John Tunstall in 1872. Tunstall's mercantile business put him into conflict with the powerful political, economic, and judicial structure that ruled New Mexico Territory.
John H. Tunstall was born on March 6, 1853 in London and became a rancher and merchant in Lincoln County, New Mexico in the 1870s. Tungstall competed with ethnic Irish merchants and politicians in the county. He was the first man killed in what became the Lincoln County War, an economic and political conflict that resulted in armed warfare over land. The conflict was compounded by ethnic rivalries between an Irish group and other ranchers and merchants of English descent.
When residents of Lincoln switched their business to Tunstall's store, Murphy-Dolan began a slide into bankruptcy. They first tried to put Tunstall out of business by harassing him legally, then trying to goad him into a gunfight and they even hired gunmen. In defense, Tungstall gathered supporters of his own.
In February, 1878, Dolan and Murphy obtained a court order to seize some of Tunstall's horses as payment for an outstanding debt. When Tunstall refused to surrender the horses, Lincoln County Sheriff, William Brady, formed a posse led by Deputy William Morton to seize them. Only the three deputies survived the confrontation. After protesting the presence of the posse on his land, Tunstall was shot in the head on February 18, 1878. This incident started what became known as the Lincoln County War.
http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=46009 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tunstall http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/billythekid/tunstallkillers.html
This book tells the story of the life of John H. Tungstall.
Learn more about the Lincoln County War from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln
U.S. 70 at milepost 273.5
Glencoe , New Mexico 88324
Agriculture and Rural History
Created by Ashley Fleck (Instructed by David J. Trowbridge, Marshall University) on December 1st 2015, 9:49:32 pm.
Last updated by Clio Admin on January 17th 2016, 3:50:57 am.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Quotes/SMS »
Saturday, April 9, 2011| Unknown
Passionate love is a quenchless thirst....Kahlil Gibran.
Love is made by two people, in different kinds of solitude.
It can be in a crowd, but in an oblivious crowd....Louis Aragon.
Do you want to know a good way to fall in love?
Just associate all your pleasant experiences with someone,
and disassociate from all the unpleasant ones....Richard Bandler.
You can give without loving,
but you cannot love without giving....Amy Carmichael.
Love makes the wildest spirit tame,
and the tamest spirit wild....Alexis Delp.
People love others not for who they are,
but for how they make them feel....Irwin Federman.
Love is like pi -- natural, irrational,
and very important....Lisa Hoffman.
Love talked about is easily turned aside,
but love demonstrated is irresistible....Stan Mooneyham.
Love is a friendship caught on fire...."Northern Exposure."
In love, there is always one who kisses
and one who offers the cheek....French Proverb.
To love is to receive a glimpse of heaven....Karen Sunde.
We say we love flowers, yet we pluck them.
We say we love trees, yet we cut them down.
And some people still wonder why some are afraid
when they are told they are loved....Unknown.
I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where.
I love you straightforwardly, without complexities
or pride; so I love you because I knew no other
way than this, where 'I' does not exist, nor 'you'.
So close that your hand on my chest is my hand, so
close that your eyes close as I fall asleep....Pablo Neruda.
He drew a circle to shut me out, heretic rebel,
a thing to flout. But love and I had the wit to win,
we drew a circle that took him in....Edwin Markham.
In real love you want the other person's good.
In romantic love, you want the other person....Margaret Anderson.
Dance like no one's watching,
love like you'll never be hurt,
sing like no one's listening,
live like it's heaven on earth....William Purky.
I love you, not for what you are,
but for what I am when I am with you....Roy Croft.
Love is not a matter of counting the years --
it's making the years count....Wolfman Jack Smith.
Love creates an "us" without
destroying a "me"....Unknown.
Love grows by giving. The love we give away
is the only love we keep. The only way to
retain love is to give it away....Elbert Hubbard.
One of the characteristics of love relationships that flower
is a relatively high degree of mutual self-disclosure -- a
willingness to let our partner enter into the interior of our
private world and a genuine interest in the private world of
that partner. Couples in love tend to show more of themselves
to each other than to any other person....Nathaniel Branden.
To love is to enjoy seeing, touching, and sensing
with all the senses, as closely as possible, a lovable
object which loves in return....Del Amour Stendhal.
Love simply cannot spring up without that self-surrender
to each other. If either withholds the self,
love cannot exist....Dr. E. Stanley Jones.
The best proof of love is trust....Dr. Joyce Brothers.
Love is friendship set to music....Pollock.
Love is, above all, the gift of oneself....Jean Anouilh.
When love is accompanied with deep intimacy,
it raises us to the highest level of human experience.
In this exalted space, we can surrender our egos, become
vulnerable and know levels of joy and well-being unique
among life experiences. We attain a glimpse of the rapture
that can be ours. Boundaries are blurred, there are no
limitations and we rejoice in union. We become one and,
at the same time, both....Leo Buscaglia.
I love you not only for what you are, but for
what I am when I am with you. I love you not
only for what you have made of yourself, but for
what you are making of me. I love you for the part
of me that you bring out....Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
Love is an irresistible desire to be
irresistibly desired....Robert Frost.
Absence diminishes small loves and increases
great ones, as the wind blows out the candle
and fans the bonfire....Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld.
True love stories never have endings....Unknown.
We waste time looking for the perfect lover,
instead of creating the perfect love....Tom Robbins.
The greatest happiness of life is the conviction
that we are loved - loved for ourselves, or rather,
loved in spite of ourselves....Victor Hugo.
Gravitation is not responsible for
people falling in love....Albert Einstein.
Time is too slow for those who wait,
too swift for those who fear,
too long for those who grieve,
too short for those who rejoice,
but for those who love,
time is eternity....Henry Van Dyke.
Love is a canvas furnished by Nature
and embroidered by imagination....Voltaire.
Love is composed of a single soul
inhabiting two bodies....Aristotle.
Love is the exchange of two fantasies and
the contact of two skins....Nicholas Chamfort.
Love is an energy - it can neither be created
nor destroyed. It just is and always will be,
giving meaning to life and direction to goodness...
Love will never die....Bryce Courtney.
Immature love says: "I love you because I need you."
Mature love says: "I need you because I love you."....Erich Fromm.
Love has nothing to do with what you are
expecting to get -- only with what you are
expecting to give -- which is everything....Katherine Hepburn.
If I know what love is,
it is because of you....Herman Hesse.
The first duty of love is to listen....Paul Tillich.
Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength
while loving someone deeply gives you courage....Lao-Tsu.
Love, the magician, knows this little trick
whereby two people walk in different directions
yet always remain side by side....Hugh Prather.
Love is just a feeling of togetherness
and openness in your heart....Ken Keyes.
Love is not a matter of what happens in life.
It's a matter of what's happening in your heart....Ken Keyes.
You can't force someone to love you; all you can do is
become someone who can be loved; the rest is up to them....Unknown.
A baby is born with the need to be loved -- and never
outgrows it. Children are God's apostles, day by day
sent forth to preach of love and hope and peace....James Russell Lowell.
Love is a butterfly, which when pursued is just
beyond your grasp, but if you will sit down quietly
it may alight upon you....Nathaniel Hawthorne.
The greatest pleasure of life is love....William Temple.
Where there is great love there are
always miracles....Willa Cather.
Who travels for love finds a thousand
miles not longer than one....Japanese Proverb.
Music is love in search
of a word....Sidney Lanier.
All, everything that I understand, I understand
only because I love....Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
Life is one fool thing after another where as
love is two fool things after each other....Oscar Wilde.
To love and be loved is to feel the
sun from both sides....David Viscott.
Life is a journey, and love is what
makes that journey worthwhile....Unknown.
Ever has it been that love knows not its own
depth until the hour of separation....Kahlil Gibran.
Love is too strong a word to say it too early, but it has too
beautiful a meaning to say it too late....Kurt Spiteri Cornish.
Lust is when you love what you see.
Love is when you lust for what's inside....Renee Conkle.
The beginning of love is at the end
of resistance....Danielle Light.
Love is first friendship
and then commitment....Jacques Pierre Ribault.
To fear love is to fear life....Bertrand Russell.
Love is an act of endless forgiveness,
a tender look which becomes a habit....Peter Ustinov.
We should all be so lucky to have someone who will
never let us go. The ultimate legacy is to leave behind
someone who will love you forever...."Ally McBeal."
Fear? What is there to fear in love? Love is the very
reason we live. To fear love is to lose all sense of living,
and if we cannot love, then why have we been put here? Fearing
love is like being afraid of breathing. It's not something
to be scared of. It's so natural that no one can resist....Unknown.
We cannot choose who we love,
only whose love we accept....Unknown.
I love you, not because you are perfect,
But because you are so perfect for me....Unknown.
Couples who love each other tell each other
a thousand things without talking....Chinese Proverb.
Sex is a momentary itch,
love never lets you go....Unknown.
Let no one who loves be unhappy.
Even love unreturned has its rainbow....James Matthew Barrie.
Love will find a way through paths
where wolves fear to prey....Lord George Gordon Byron.
When you like someone, you like them in spite of their faults.
When you love someone, you love them with their faults....Elizabeth Cameron.
Where there is love there is life....Mahatma Gandhi.
She who has never loved,
has never lived....J. Gay.
To love without expected return on my investment
frees me to love with purity of heart, mind and soul...
I am not distracted by selfish motive or disappointed
by insensitivity...I am free to love...just love....L. Hodge.
There is but one genuine love potion - consideration....Menander.
There is no surprise more magical than
the surprise of being loved: It is God's
finger on man's shoulder....Charles Morgan.
There is only one happiness in life,
to love and be loved....George Sands.
Love, you know, seeks to make happy
rather than to be happy....Ralph Connor.
Love is a verb. We can't say it enough. Love must not
only be spoken, but must also be shown. The beginning of
love is God. He showed His love in the most sacrificial of
ways so we could know our incredible value to Him. The price
of our adoption was the emptying of heaven of its greatest
treasure, God the Son, who is our Savior....Phil Ware.
Love is the triumph of imagination
over intelligence....H.L. Mencken.
Since love grows within you, so beauty grows.
For love is the beauty of the soul....St. Augustine.
What we have once enjoyed we can never lose.
All that we love deeply becomes a part of us....Helen Keller.
Love is the seed of all hope. It is the enticement
to trust, to risk, to try, to go on....Gloria Gaither.
Sooner or later we begin to understand that love is
more than verses on valentines and romance in the movies.
We begin to know that love is here and now, real and true,
the most important thing in our lives. For love is the creator
of our favorite memories and the foundation of our fondest dreams.
Love is a promise that is always kept, a fortune that can never be
spent, a seed that can flourish in even the most unlikely of places.
And this radiance that never fades, this mysterious and magical joy, is the
greatest treasure of all -- one known only by those who love....Unknown.
Love is the passionate and abiding desire on the part of two
or more people to produce together conditions under which each
can be and spontaneously express, his real self; to produce
together an intellectual soil and an emotional climate in which
each can flourish, far superior to what either could achieve alone....Unknown.
Love can touch us one time and last for a lifetime,
and never let go till we're gone....Titanic Theme.
Falling in love consists merely in uncorking the
imagination and bottling the common-sense....Helen Rowland.
Romantic love is a passionate spiritual-emotional-sexual
attachment between a man and a woman that reflects a high
regard for the value of each other's person....Nathaniel Branden.
True love is spelled G-I-V-E. It is not based on what you can get,
but rooted in what you can give to the other person....Josh McDowell.
Love is energy of life....Robert Browning.
True love is eternal, infinite, and always like itself.
It is equal and pure, without violent demonstrations: it is seen
with white hairs and is always young in the heart....Honore De Balzac.
To love someone is to acknowledge the goodness of who they are.
Through loving a person we awaken their awareness of their own innate
goodness. It is as though they cannot know how worthy they are until they
look into the mirror of our love and see themselves....John Gray, Ph.D.
Once you have learned to love,
You will have learned to live....Unknown.
All love that has not friendship for its base,
is like a mansion built upon the sand....Ella Wheeler Wilcox.
To love is to be vulnerable....C.S. Lewis.
Once in a while, in the middle of an ordinary life,
love gives us a fairy tale....Unknown.
Love means tearing down the separateness and the boundaries
between your heart feelings and another person....Ken Keyes.
It [Love] is not a word, nor a single action.
In truth, it can never be wrong
Like the sunrise, perfect in every possible way.
It is many things and yet it must exist
In the small space of the heart.
Once found it can bloom endlessly, with no cease.
It can choke one's throat, bring one to tears...
But it never hides in shadows or in darkness
It never feeds itself on deception.
It grows with trust, honesty and compassion.
Nothing less, always more....Unknown.
Love is a hole in the heart....Ben Hecht.
In Persian, the verb "to love" is translated
"to have a friend"....the phrase "I love you"
is translated "I have you as a friend"....Unknown.
Love is a temporary madness, it erupts like a volcano and then
subsides and when it subsides you have to make a decision. You have
to work out whether your roots have so entwined together that it is
inconceivable that you should ever part, because this is what love is.
Love is not the breathlessness, it is not excitement, it is not the
promise of eternal passion, and it is not the desire to mate every
minute or every second of the day. That is just being "in love"
which any fool can do…Love itself is what's left over when being in love has
burned away, and this both an art and a fortunate accident....Louis De Bernieres.
To love someone is nothing, to be loved by someone is something,
but to be loved by the one you love is everything....Unknown.
Love is the doorway through which the human soul
passes from selfishness to service....Unknown.
Love is that condition in which the happiness of another
person is essential to your own....Robert A. Heinlein.
When you are in love, life should not be measured by the
moments of breath, but by the breath-taking moments....Unknown.
Friendship may, and often does, grow into love,
but love never subsides into friendship....Lord Byron.
Love is a disease which fills you with a desire
to be desired....Henri, Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.
Love is what is left in a relationship after
all the selfishness is taken out....Nick Richardson.
I love you, and because I love you, I would
sooner have you hate me for telling you the
truth than adore me for telling you lies....Pietro Aretino.
There is no disguise which can hide love
for long where it exists, or simulate it where
it does not....Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld.
When we are in love we often doubt that
which we most believe....Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld.
As you think, you travel, and as you love, you attract.
You are today where your thoughts have brought you; you will
be tomorrow where your thoughts take you....James Lane Allen.
To love and win is the best thing.
To love and lose, the next best....William M. Thackeray.
The way to love anything is to realize
that it might be lost....Gilbert Chesterton.
To love is to admire with the heart:
to admire is to love with the mind....Theophile Gautier.
Love does not die easily. It is a living
thing. It thrives in the face of all of life's
hazards, save one--neglect....James D. Bryden.
Love is something eternal;
the aspect may change,
but not the essence....Vincent Van Gogh.
Kindness in words creates confidence
Kindness in thinking creates profoundness
Kindness in giving creates love....Lao-Tsu.
The pleasure of love is in the loving; and there
is more joy in the passion one feels than
in that which one inspires.....Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld.
Love is union with somebody, or something,
outside oneself, under the condition
of retaining the separateness and
integrity of one's own self....Erich Fromm.
Love is the immortal flow of energy that
nourishes, extends and preserves. It's
eternal goal is life....Smiley Blanton.
Anything will give up its secrets if you love it
enough. Not only have I found that when I talk to the
little flower or to the little peanut they will give
up their secrets, but I have found that when I silently
commune with people they give up their secrets also -- if
you love them enough....George Washington Carver.
Love is the essence of God....Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Music is expression of harmony in sound.
Love is the expression of harmony in life....Stephen F. Gaskin.
Real love is a pilgrimage. It happens when there is no strategy,
but it is very rare because most people are strategists....Anita Brookner.
Being in love is a wonderful feeling but being
loved and appreciated in return can be the most
wonderful experience that can happen to your life....Unknown.
The art of love...is largely the
art of persistence....Albert Ellis.
The best portion of a good man's life
is his little, nameless, unremembered acts
of kindness and of love....William Wordsworth.
Suddenly, quietly, you realize that ~ from this moment
forth ~ you will no longer pass through this world alone.
Like a new sun, this awareness rises within you, freeing
you from fear, opening your life. This is the beginning
of love and the end of all that came before....Unknown.
Love does not begin and end the way we seem to
think it does. Love is a battle, love is a war;
love is a growing up....James Baldwin.
We find rest in those we love, and we provide a resting
place for those who love us....Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.
Love alone is capable of uniting living beings in such a way
as to complete and fulfill them, for it alone takes them and joins
them by what is deepest in themselves....Pierre Teilhard De Chardin.
Love is always bestowed as a gift -- freely,
willingly, and without expectation....
We don't love to be loved; we love to love....Leo Buscaglia.
No cord nor cable can so forcibly draw, or hold so fast,
as love can do with a twined thread....Robert Burton.
As a result of a kiss, there arises in the mind a
wonderful feeling of delight that awakens and binds
together the love of them that kiss....St. Aelred.
Love is a verb. Love is something you do: the sacrifices
Posted in Quotes/SMS


text:
Q: Spring Batch: JOIN Query in SqlPagingQueryProviderFactoryBean not working I am using 2.2.7.RELEASE version of Spring Batch in my project.
I have a batch which is using JdbcPagingItemReader to read records from DB2. In that I have a JOIN on 2 tables and have some where conditions. At the last I am providing column by which I want to sort my records. But because I am using table aliases, its giving me error. When skipping alias name, then its give problem while fetching the next set of result.
I searched and found that this issue got resolved in 2.1.9 Release but I couldn't find the fix in later releases. Anybody has any idea about this issue and the solution too.
You can find the code snippet of query configuration below.
<bean id="releaseSqlPagingQueryProvider" class="org.springframework.batch.item.database.support.SqlPagingQueryProviderFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="selectClause" value="SELECT M.* " />
<property name="fromClause" value="FROM MASTER AS M JOIN RELEASE AS R ON M.EMPLOYEE_ID = R.EMPLOYEE_ID " />
<property name="whereClause" >
    <value>
         <![CDATA[
                WHERE R.COLUMN_1 = ?
          ]]>
     </value>
</property>
<property name="sortKey" value="EMPLOYEE_ID" />

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


» Sodium Fluoride and Phosphoric Acid Gel contains not less than 90.0 percent and not more than 110.0 percent of the labeled amount of fluoride ion, in an aqueous medium containing a suitable viscosity-inducing agent.
Packaging and storage— Preserve in tight, plastic containers.
Labeling— Label Gel in terms of the content of sodium fluoride (NaF) and in terms of the content of fluoride ion.
A: Place a quantity of Gel, equivalent to about 500 mg of fluoride ion, in a platinum crucible in a well-ventilated hood, and add 15 mL of sulfuric acid. Cover the crucible with a piece of clear, polished glass, and heat on a steam bath for 1 hour. Remove the glass cover, rinse it in water, and dry: the glass surface exposed to vapors from the crucible is etched.
B: It responds to the tests for Phosphate 191 .
Viscosity 911 — Place a quantity of Gel in a suitable plastic container, insert the stopper securely, and allow to stand until the gel is free from air bubbles. Place it in a water bath maintained at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 until it adjusts to the temperature of the water bath (30 minutes or longer). Do not stir the gel while it is in the bath. Remove the sample from the bath, stir the gel gently for 5 seconds, and without delay, using a rotational viscosimeter, determine the viscosity using the appropriate spindle to obtain a scale reading between 10% and 90% of full scale at a speed of 60 rpm or of 30 rpm. Calculate the viscosity, in centipoises, by multiplying the scale reading by the constant for the spindle and speed used: the viscosity is between 7000 and 20,000 centipoises.
pH 791 — Place about 40 mL in a plastic beaker, and determine the pH using a suitable electrode system: the pH is between 3.0 and 4.0.
Assay preparation— Transfer a quantity of Gel, equivalent to about 20 mg of fluoride ion, accurately weighed, to a 1000-mL volumetric flask, add water to dissolve, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Procedure— Proceed as directed for Procedure in the Assay under Sodium Fluoride Oral Solution. The quantity, in mg, of fluoride ion in the portion of Gel taken is equivalent to C, the determined concentration of fluoride ion, in µg per mL, in the Assay preparation.


text:
One piece episodes s
30.08.2020 Tenos0 Comments
This is a complete Episode Guide for all the animation produced for One Piece (ワンピース Wanpīsu) based on the manga authored by Eiichiro Oda. The series currently consists of Episodes (ongoing), 4 OVAs, 13 TV specials and 13 movies. This episode list covers the original episode list for the. 63 rows · The Funimation dubbed episodes aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from . One Piece Nami's in a Major Pinch! the Zombie Mansion and the Invisible Man. One Piece The Zombie's Secret! Hogback's Nightmarish Laboratory. One Piece His Name Is Moria! the Great Shadow-Seizing Pirate's Trap. One Piece Feast of the Zombie Song! The Night Raid's Bell Is the Sound of Darkness!
[One Piece is a Japanese animated television series based on the successful manga of the same name and has over episodes. Lists of One Piece episodes. List of One Piece episodes (seasons 15–current). The nineteenth season of the One Piece anime series was produced by Toei Animation, and Meanwhile, Luffy´s crew face a huge wave with Big Mom and Perospero on it. , "The Threat of. One Piece is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title written by Eiichiro Oda. The Funimation dubbed episodes aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from September until the block's cancellation in March This is a complete Episode Guide for all the animation produced for One Piece ( ワンピース Wanpīsu) based on the manga authored by Eiichiro Oda. The series. One Piece is an ongoing anime series that started in So far episodes of One Piece have been aired. With a total of reported filler episodes, One. Looking for information on the anime One Piece? Summary: One Piece Movie 8: Episode of Alabasta - Sabaku no Oujo to Kaizoku-tachi, One Piece Recap. Shonen Jump Heroes Film: ONE PIECE 3D - Mugiwara Chase / TORIKO 3D ONE PIECE THE MOVIE: Episode of Alabaster Kingdom the Pirates and the. Go back to One Piece main page | sort by edited episode number. Episode titles: One Piece CrossOver Special The judgment of God and Nami`s wish!!. Find out how long it takes to watch every episode of One Piece. | By the time we were on Dressrosa arc, Oda was interviewed and he said "the part prior to time the time-skip, was was around halfway through. That was about.] One piece episodes s One Piece is a Japanese animated television series based on the successful manga of the same name and has over episodes. Lists of One Piece episodes include. Monkey D. Luffy refuses to let anyone or anything stand in the way of his quest to become king of all pirates. With a course charted for the treacherous waters of the Grand Line, this is one captain who'll never drop anchor until he's claimed the greatest treasure on Earth—the Legendary One Piece!. The Funimation dubbed episodes aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from September until the block's cancellation in March In Australia, Cartoon Network resumed airing new One Piece episodes in November , starting with episode , lasting until January following episode WatchOP - Watch One Piece English Subbed And Dubbed Episodes Free Online Also Download One Piece Movies HD p for Free!. This is a complete Episode Guide for all the animation produced for One Piece (ワンピース Wanpīsu) based on the manga authored by Eiichiro Oda. The series currently consists of Episodes (ongoing), 4 OVAs, 13 TV specials and 13 movies. Start your free trial to watch One Piece and other popular TV shows and movies including new releases, classics, Hulu Originals, and more. It's all on Hulu. 4964445.com: one piece episodes. Skip to main content. Your 4964445.com Today's Deals Gift Cards Whole Foods Registry Sell Help Disability Customer Support. One Piece Nami's in a Major Pinch! the Zombie Mansion and the Invisible Man. One Piece The Zombie's Secret! Hogback's Nightmarish Laboratory. 5. Posts must be directly related to One Piece. The general rule of thumb is that if only a title or caption makes it One Piece related, the post is not allowed. This includes pictures/videos of things in real life which look similar to something from One Piece. ↑ One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 42 Chapter and Episode , The effects of two and three Rumble Balls consumed are explained. ↑ SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 40, Oda explains how the names work for Robin's attacks. ↑ One Piece Manga — Vol. 64 Chapter , Robin using her power in middle of the battle between Luffy and Jinbe. Monkey. D. Luffy refuses to let anyone or anything stand in the way of his quest to become the king of all pirates. With a course charted for the treacherous waters of the Grand Line and beyond, this is one captain who'll never give up until he's claimed the greatest treasure on Earth: the Legendary One Piece!. One Piece is the most popular anime show of all time and even after 2 decades of being in print in the manga form and on air in the anime form, it's still going strong.. There's still a few more years to go before the story is concluded so you need to brush up on your knowledge by watching it from the beginni. The One Piece episode guide on SideReel features original episode air dates for each season, plus show reviews, summaries and more. Episode Guide episodes. Story For series of this length, there's a fairly intriguing piece of conjecture that I occasionally enjoy trotting around. According to the theory, no matter how awesome the original premise, no matter how charming the cast of characters, no matter how competent the studio, every long series will tank after about 75 episodes. One Piece was created from the One Piece manga series. It is the story of Monkey D. Luffy, a boy who wants to find the legendary treasure Watch One Piece episodes online.
LUFFY'S TOP 10 EPIC ENTRANCES - One Piece HD
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Visa Personal Payments, a service that enables anyone with a smartphone to transfer money using only the recipient's number, has announced two new features today; Multi-Currency and Immediate Payments.
The former will be available "by the end of 2013" and allows users to send money to any Visa cardholder in Europe, regardless of currency. It's a massive step forward for what is otherwise a complex, long-winded and often expensive process for sending money across the continent.
Visa Personal Payments is applicable for anyone with a credit, debit or reloadable prepaid card issued by Visa. Senders simply register for the service through their chosen bank, pairing an account with their mobile phone number.
Payments are then conducted through the bank's smartphone app; RBS and NatWest were the first to support the service in the UK last month, although Visa boasts that their respective apps were downloaded 1.7 million times in the first two weeks as a result. In total, there are 17 "live and committed issuers" across Europe.
Consumers don't need to be signed up to the service to receive money, however. Provided they have a Visa card, anyone can login online and submit a few basic details to retreive the funds.
The number of smartphone apps supporting the service is relatively small at the moment, but Visa has big ambitions. There are 470 million Visa cards in Europe at the moment, equal to €1 in every €6.75 spent by consumers. Over €1 trillion was spent on Visa debit cards alone in 2012, which should give some context as to the service's potential.
Barclays has launched a similar service in the UK called Pingit. It was orignally for Barclays customers only, but was extended a little over a year ago to support anyone with a UK bank account and UK mobile phone number.
The Payments Council is also looking at a new mobile payments service using a similar technology, set to be launched in 2014. Barclays, Cumberland Building Society, Danske Bank, HSBC Bank plc, Lloyds Banking Group plc, Metro Bank plc, Royal Bank of Scotland plc and Santander UK plc, have confirmed that they will support the scheme once it's available.


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AAP's Women Wing to organise "Dhanwad Rally" across Punjab to welcome Kejriwal's Third Guarantee
Ferozepur, November 28, 2021: Terming AAP National Convener and Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal's guarantee of Rs. 1000 per month to every woman of Punjab as a step forward towards women empowerment, Rajwinder Kaur Thiara, State President AAP (Women Wing), Punjab during a press conference in Ferozepur informed that the women wing of AAP will organise "Dhanwaad Rally" tomorrow across all districts of Punjab to extend their gratitude towards Arvind Kejriwal for his concern for the women of Punjab. She said that though all the traditional parties have been making tall claims of empowering the women since Independence but Arvind Kejriwal led Delhi Government has walked the talk and empowered the women of Delhi by providing several facilities to them. She said that the announcement by AAP supremo regarding Rs. 1000/- per month to every women above the age of 18 years has delighted the women of the State. This financial assistance shall not only benefit the girl students in the studies but also help the women in managing their domestic chores. She said that the successive governments have failed to curb the crime due to which people especially women feel insecure while moving out of their houses in the evening but AAP has installed CCTVs in localities as well as in the buses, Marshalls have been deployed in the buses for the security of the women and have adopted various measures to ensure that the women feel secure. Pointing towards the announcements of Arvind Kejriwal, she said that Arvind Kejriwal does not merely make unmindful announcements rather gives guarantee after making required calculations which will be fulfilled after formation of AAP government in Punjab after 2022 Assembly Elections.
AAP's Women Wing
Dhanwad Rally
Kejriwal's Third Guarantee
Press Club holds free medical check-up camp in association with Shuddhi Wellness
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NZIEA Ludhiana Division of LIC contributes towards CM's...
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cityairnews Jul 1, 2021
Online registration of electoral literacy clubs to be held
Bone and joint problems in children are fairly common


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healthcare|05 December, 2021
UAE announces 50 new COVID-19 cases, and no deaths in last 24 hours
MoHAP also noted that an additional 75 individuals had fully recovered
A technician hangs N95 face masks to be sterilized with UVC light, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, at the Cleveland Clinic hospital in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, April 20, 2020. Image used for illustrative purpose.
REUTERS/Christopher Pike
By MOHD AAMIR and Lina Ibrahim, WAM (Emirates News Agency)
ABU DHABI- The Ministry of Health and Prevention (MoHAP) announced that it conducted 191,313 additional COVID-19 tests over the past 24 hours, using state-of-the-art medical testing equipment.
In a statement, the Ministry stressed its aim to continue expanding the scope of testing nationwide to facilitate the early detection of coronavirus cases and carry out the necessary treatment. As part of its intensified testing campaign, MoHAP announced 50 new coronavirus cases, bringing the total number of recorded cases in the UAE to 742,328.
According to the Ministry, the infected individuals are from various nationalities, are in a stable condition, and receiving the necessary The Ministry added that no COVID-19-related deaths have been recorded in the past 24 hours, and death toll remained unchanged in the country at 2,148.
MoHAP also noted that an additional 75 individuals had fully recovered from COVID-19, bringing the total number of recoveries to 737,330.
© WAM (Emirates News Agency) 2021
healthcarecoronavirusuae
More From Health
China to suspend another two United Airlines flights over COVID-19 cases
Saudi Arabia in 'critical phase' of tackling COVID-19, says ministry spokesman
Saudi Arabia reports 5,281 new COVID-19 cases, 2 deaths


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Q: Why is my program getting terminated when i enter user input? I was practicing some questions from hacker rank and got stuck in this question called sparse-arrays. (https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/sparse-arrays/problem) I am a beginner and i am not able to find out the error in my code. Please help. Thank you
I think I am not comparing the strings correctly. I tried using compare function but still it did not work.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    string strings[n];
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
        cin>>strings[i];
    }
    int m;
    cin>>m;
    string queries[m];
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++){
        cin>>queries[i];
    }

     //comparing
        for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        int count=0;
        for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
        {
            if(queries[i]==strings[j])
                    count++;
        }
        cout<<count<<endl;
    }
}

The output should be the number of times the strings in (query) that have appeared in the (strings) but my program is getting terminated please help.

A: for(int j=0; i<n; j++)

should be
    for(int j=0; j<n; j++)


A filigree metal rod attached to the lamp shade allows you to easily switch the Costanzina on and off.
Luceplan Costanzina is a unique table lamp for smaller spaces. The Luceplan Costanzina is an ideal light source for more compact rooms. Text: This miniature version of the design classic Costanza is a welcome addition to smaller spaces. Luceplan Costanzina provides a soft, diffused light. The material for the shade was developed especially by BASF and is impressive due to its absolutely homogeneous light diffusion and long life. The Luceplan Costanzina features a subdued design that affords an uncluttered aesthetic. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this lamp is that the shade hangs by only two points. When touched, the Luceplan Costanzina shade swings back and forth on its own. The Luceplan Costanzina table light is ideal for small tables in the living room or as bedside lamps on bedside tables. The innovative shades are available in an array of different colours, allowing for a personalised touch that fits into any interior design. Luceplan Costanzina table lamps emit a soft light that does not create a glare. This classic design affords a clean style that does not occupy much visual space, giving a sophisticated touch to the space. Luceplan Costanzina is a strikingly simple tabletop lamp that offers style and usefulness.
Fortæl andre kunder om os og om dine erfaringer med Costanzina Tavolo alu !


text:
Image: Wikimedia / Wikimedia
What's Next for Abortion Law?
The Supreme Court's recent ruling is only the latest twist in the convoluted legal history of women's reproductive rights. The future looks no less partisan.
Mary Ziegler
Categories: Gender & Sexuality, Law, Politics
Topics: Health, Law and Justice, Politics
The Supreme Court's recent decision in June Medical Services v. Russo surprised many observers anticipating a decisive step in dismantling Roe v. Wade. The case questioned the constitutionality of a Louisiana law that required abortion providers to have admitting privileges at a hospital within thirty miles of a clinic. The Court had already struck down an identical Texas law four years earlier, but Louisiana still expected to win, no doubt thanks to the Court's new conservative majority. The state even asked the Court to undo decades' worth of precedent in its argument that abortion providers should not be able to bring a constitutional challenge on behalf of their patients.
Like the abortion restrictions it will almost inevitably inspire, June Medical fits into an ongoing and long-term strategy to unravel abortion rights, a strategy that has sharpened our cultural divide on reproductive health.
But in the end, Chief Justice John Roberts sided with his liberal colleagues in invalidating the law and reaffirming that abortion doctors can challenge others like it. His concurring opinion reads like a love letter to stare decisis, the doctrine requiring the Court to honor its own precedents. Some predicted that regardless of what Roberts thought about abortion rights, he might save Roe because of his fidelity to precedent.
Now June Medical no longer looks like much of a win for abortion rights at all. Lower courts and lawmakers have begun taking a second look at restrictions that had already been blocked. No one is sure that the Supreme Court will do anything to stop them.
Where are the U.S. abortion wars likely to go next? The only way to understand what the most recent opinion means for Roe v. Wade is to look further back in time. Like the abortion restrictions it will almost inevitably inspire, June Medical fits into an ongoing and long-term strategy to unravel abortion rights, a strategy that has sharpened our cultural divide on reproductive health.
The claims made in the U.S. abortion struggle often seem to reflect "the clash of absolutes" famously described by legal scholar Laurence Tribe in his 1990 book of that name. Supporters of legal abortion fight for a right to choose while abortion foes defend a right to life for the unborn child. These arguments seem to reflect what legal theorist Ronald Dworkin called "rights as trumps"—constitutional protections that prevail over other policy considerations or even the preference of voters.
The distinction between rights- and policy-based arguments is conceptually valuable, especially when we seek to understand the contemporary U.S. abortion conflict.
One might be tempted to describe the impasse we face today as arising because those on each side of the abortion debate believe that they defend a right that outweighs any competing concern. To be sure, such rights-based arguments remain an important part of the discussion. But in recent decades, the core terms of the legal debate about abortion in the United States have changed in ways we have rarely appreciated. Between 1973 and 2019 the conflict has centered not so much on laws criminalizing abortion outright as on the quest for incremental restrictions designed to undermine Roe v. Wade. And with this change in emphasis, the struggle has increasingly turned not only on rights-based trumps but also on claims about the policy costs and benefits of abortion for women, families, and the larger society.
This change was never straightforward or absolute. Indeed, before Roe, those backing abortion rights often pointed to what they saw as the desirable consequences of legalization, such as fewer deaths from botched illegal abortions. Roe v. Wade itself spoke not only about a constitutional privacy right that encompassed a woman's abortion decision but also about the harms that could follow if women had to carry undesired pregnancies to term. Nevertheless, the distinction between rights- and policy-based arguments is conceptually valuable, especially when we seek to understand the contemporary U.S. abortion conflict.
When stressing constitutional rights, those on either side have suggested that a particular right is priceless, grounded in the constitutional order, and deserving of protection irrespective of its costs and benefits. On the one hand, abortion opponents have often argued that the right to life protects a fetus or unborn child no matter how women come to be pregnant—and regardless of what would happen after a child was born. The idea of a right to choose, on the other hand, suggests not only that women should have the liberty to decide for themselves when to have a child but also that women should get the final say about why a decision is the right one.
By contrast, when making arguments about the costs and benefits of abortion, activists on either side have primarily discussed not what the Constitution allows but whether legal abortion was socially, culturally, personally, and medically desirable or justified. Consequence-based arguments put greater emphasis on the reasons that individuals might choose or oppose abortion rather than on individual liberty from the state.
How and when did the terms of the abortion debate change, and what has it meant for the larger abortion conflict? As soon as the Court handed down its decision in Roe in 1973, American pro-lifers championed a constitutional amendment that would ban abortion outright—even in states where voters supported reproductive rights. This constitutional amendment became the sole preoccupation of an otherwise fractious antiabortion movement.
When making arguments about the costs and benefits of abortion, activists on either side have primarily discussed not what the Constitution allows but whether legal abortion was socially, culturally, personally, and medically desirable or justified.
But when the campaign stalled in the mid-1970s, lawyers working with organizations like the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) and Americans United for Life (AUL) proposed a temporary solution: incremental restrictions that made abortions harder to get. These regulations required a different defense than the absolute prohibitions pro-lifers had long defended. After all, many of these statutes, such as abortion funding bans, did not clearly advance a right to life since they did not outlaw a single abortion. Instead, these laws created various obstacles that women had to clear.
How could abortion foes defend their new plan of attack? Rather than invoking fetal rights, members of AUL and NRLC began justifying these laws by highlighting their supposed benefits. For example, in championing funding bans like the various iterations of the 1976 Hyde Amendment, which bars the use of federal funds to pay for abortion except in certain limited cases, pro-lifers heralded the benefits to taxpayers with conscientious objections to abortion rather than directly singing the praises of a right to life. In court, antiabortion lawyers similarly focused on claims about the facts. When the Supreme Court defied expectations by upholding the Hyde Amendment, new opportunities for abortion opponents emerged. Even if the justices still recognized abortion rights, the antiabortion movement could make progress by trying to redefine what abortion in the United States was really like.
In the following decade, the fight to define the facts about abortion became even more important to the antiabortion movement. When Ronald Reagan won the 1980 election and Republicans swept into power, antiabortion activists hoped that they could finally change the text of the Constitution. But there were not enough votes for a constitutional ban that pleased most abortion opponents. Instead, antiabortion activists had to choose one of two alternatives. The battle about which was better tore the movement apart. One option, a federal law functionally banning abortion, appealed to absolutists but seemed likely to fall in the Supreme Court. An alternative—a constitutional amendment allowing, but not requiring, the states to ban abortion—pleased antiabortion pragmatists but struck absolutists as an unprincipled cop out. By 1983 these internal divisions forced pro-lifers to give up on a constitutional amendment.
Abortion foes could pass and defend restrictions that chipped away at abortion rights, and, by aligning with the GOP, could change the membership of the Supreme Court. Over time, this strategy could ensure that the Court overturned Roe v. Wade.
The leaders of the antiabortion establishment believed that they had already identified an alternative mission: abortion foes could pass and defend restrictions that chipped away at abortion rights, and, by aligning with the GOP, could change the membership of the Supreme Court. Over time, this strategy could ensure that the Court overturned Roe v. Wade. And in defending incremental restrictions, pro-lifers often emphasized the costs of abortion—and the benefits of certain laws restricting it.
Abortion rights supporters had to develop an effective response to this concerted strategy. At times feminists detailed how access to abortion had helped women, families, and communities. And abortion rights attorneys worked to show that seemingly innocuous restrictions could create obstacles as insurmountable as a law that criminalized abortion outright.
In some cases, groups on either side of the abortion conflict still prioritized claims about fundamental rights, but questions about the reality of abortion in the United States continued to dominate discussion, ultimately forging a strategy that saved abortion rights. In looking for a vehicle to reach the newly conservative Supreme Court, larger antiabortion groups working in the late 1980s and early 1990s insisted that abortion hurt teenagers and decimated marriages. In the name of preserving the traditional family, antiabortion groups promoted laws requiring pregnant people to involve husbands and parents.
Ironically, claims about the benefits of abortion transformed efforts to defend abortion rights. While their opponents emphasized arguments about the costs of abortion for the family, the ACLU, the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws (now commonly known as NARAL Pro-Choice America), and Planned Parenthood fused claims about the benefits of abortion with arguments about equal treatment for women. Abortion rights attorneys emphasized that restrictive laws stripped young women of emerging opportunities to pursue a career or education. Related arguments helped convince the Court to continue recognizing a constitutional right to abortion. In the early 1990s, after the Supreme Court agreed to hear its next abortion case, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, ACLU attorneys made claims about the benefits of legal abortion for women a crucial part of the case for preserving legal abortion. These arguments spotlighted the relationship between abortion and equality between the sexes.
This plan seemed to pay off in 1992 when the Court retained what it called the "essential holding" of Roe. The Court's decision in Casey increased the importance of arguments about the costs and benefits of both abortion and laws restricting it, holding that restrictions would be unconstitutional only if they unduly burdened those seeking an abortion. An undue burden existed when a law had the purpose or effect of creating a substantial obstacle to abortion access. After Casey, those on both sides battled to define the purpose and effects of abortion laws. And abortion foes increasingly spotlighted claims about the benefits and harms of abortion itself.
Later, in the mid-1990s, with a sympathetic president, Bill Clinton, in office, groups like NARAL and Planned Parenthood finally took control of the agenda by emphasizing claims about the health benefits of abortion and lobbied for its inclusion in national health care reform. Organizations of nonwhite feminists, including SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, called for a different approach to the relationship between abortion and health care, demanding reproductive justice, rather than simply a right to choose, for all women. Instead of focusing on freedom from government interference with reproductive decisions, this reproductive justice approach demanded for women the power and resources to have children, not have children, or to parent the children they already had.
Gonzales reflected how deeply the abortion divide had grown. Opposing sides could not agree even on the basic facts about abortion.
The narrower focus on health benefits nevertheless laid the groundwork for a new and effective attack on abortion rights. Grassroots pro-lifers believed that neither courts nor legislatures would ever deliver meaningful change; some worked in crisis pregnancy centers to prevent individual women from ending their pregnancies. Conservative Christian lawyers in organizations like Liberty Counsel and the American Center for Law and Justice invested more in cases involving the freedom of speech and religion of conservative Christians than in any effort to convince the Court to overturn Roe.
But attorneys in the antiabortion establishment used claims about the costs of abortion to outline a new plan of attack: insisting that abortion caused psychological and physical damage. This attack served two purposes. Abortion foes believed that the Supreme Court had hesitated to pull the trigger because the justices feared a backlash. Antiabortion leaders believed that public support for legal abortion would collapse if the procedure hurt women. And the Court had preserved abortion rights because women relied on the ability to decide when and how to have children. But if relying on abortion was foolhardy or hazardous, there might be no reason to save abortion rights again.
As both sides disputed the costs and benefits of abortion, areas of disagreement multiplied. By the later 1990s—as part of a long struggle over a specific procedure, dilation and extraction, that pro-lifers called "partial-birth abortion"—the two movements not only contested the effects of the procedure but also asked who had the authority to measure them. These disputes shaped Gonzales v. Carhart, the Court's 2007 decision to uphold a federal ban on partial-birth abortion.
Gonzales reflected how deeply the abortion divide had grown. Opposing sides could not agree even on the basic facts about abortion. Gonzales had given legislators more latitude to regulate when a scientific question appeared uncertain. After the Court's ruling pro-lifers tried to generate scientific uncertainty, and after Republicans' impressive results in the 2010 midterm election, state legislatures passed a stunning number of regulations. Both sides responded by increasingly questioning the integrity and motivations of those with whom they disagreed. By 2016, when Republican Donald Trump replaced the Court's longtime swing justice, Anthony Kennedy, it seemed inevitable that one of these restrictions would be the one the justices used to overturn Roe.
After the arrival of Brett Kavanaugh on the Supreme Court in 2018, antiabortion strategies have continued to put facts—or at least, arguments about the facts—center stage. By the time Kavanaugh was confirmed, antiabortion lawmakers had banned abortion at twenty weeks based on highly disputed claims about the timing of fetal pain; in seventeen states these laws are still on the books. Abortion foes, meanwhile, have advocated for laws banning the most common and safe procedure after the first trimester, dilation and evacuation, by claiming that there was uncertainty about whether other methods could serve as a safe alternative. Several states introduced mandatory counseling laws connecting abortion to breast cancer, infertility, and suicidal ideation.
Even when dissenting antiabortion groups demanded more aggressive action, factual questions remained central. In 2019, as states banned abortion at six weeks, legislators relied on disputed arguments about when doctors could detect a fetal heartbeat—and what that heartbeat meant to constitutional disputes about abortion. And early on during the COVID-19 pandemic, some conservative states banned abortions in implementing stay-at-home orders. Governors imposing these bans did not claim that there was no right to abortion. Instead, lawmakers focused on the facts, claiming that abortions used up valuable personal protective equipment and hospital beds. As states rushed to reopen, these orders have been lifted, but arguments about the reality of abortion in the United States have remained important.
Strategies focused on the reality of abortion have remained important because they seem to help the antiabortion movement. By focusing on the facts, sophisticated antiabortion groups have eroded protections for legal abortion without forcing the Court to say anything explicit about abortion rights. Poll after poll has suggested that American majorities do not want Roe overruled and support the idea of abortion rights (even while the respondents seemed receptive to a wide variety of abortion restrictions). Many might be angered by a ruling denigrating reproductive rights or embracing protection for fetal life. By contrast, if the Court focuses on contested factual claims, few might understand what the justices had really done. And by focusing on the facts, abortion foes can slowly but steadily chip away at the foundation of Casey and Roe. After all, the Court has preserved abortion rights partly because access to the procedure helped equal citizenship. Antiabortion groups hope to produce evidence that abortion actually undermined equality for women, making them sick, depressed, and weak.
The abortion restrictions that are most likely to land at the Court in the aftermath of June Medical will probably share this focus on facts. Lower court judges are taking a second look at laws banning dilation and evacuation, the most common procedure after the first trimester, or forcing patients to undergo additional, risky procedures. Until now, these laws have not fared very well. But antiabortion leaders insist that the need for dilation and evacuation is medically uncertain. And when there is scientific uncertainty—real or manufactured—lawmakers may claim more power to act. Similar laws, like those banning abortion after twenty weeks, rely on disputed claims about the timing of fetal pain and the dangers of later abortions for women.
Other states dispute the facts about why patients choose abortion. Tennessee and Mississippi have joined those banning abortion for reasons of race, sex, or disability, asserting that the abortion rights movement began to advance a eugenic agenda (and that patients today often have invidious motives).
When there is scientific uncertainty—real or manufactured—lawmakers may claim more power to act.
June Medical will make these sorts arguments even more appealing to the antiabortion movement. The four dissenting justices seemed to accept arguments that abortion harms women. Louisiana had argued that doctors should not have standing to challenge abortion regulations because doctors could not be trusted to care about their patients. The dissenters agreed. In an opinion joined by four justices, Justice Samuel Alito described what he saw as a "glaring" conflict of interest between patients and providers, suggesting the latter cared more about convenience and money than patient safety. Chief Justice Roberts invalidated Louisiana's law because it was "word-for-word identical" to one the Court had just struck down, but he had bought into the argument that women needed protection from abortion in 2016. Nothing in June Medical suggests that he has changed his mind. Given the chance to rule on a different restriction claimed to protect women, the chief justice will likely vote to roll back abortion rights even more.
Even Roberts's praise of precedent seems hollow in retrospect. His opinion redefined the undue burden test, the rule that dictates the constitutionality of all abortion regulations. In 2016 the Court held that in defining an undue burden, judges had to weigh the benefits and burdens of an abortion law. That meant that a pointless law might be unconstitutional even if the burdens it created were only somewhat onerous. And the courts had to take a hard look at the evidence in a case rather than deferring to what state legislators said about scientific data.
Roberts's opinion changed that. When there is no majority opinion for the Court, the narrowest opinion for the majority outcome controls. In June Medical, that means Roberts's concurrence. The chief justice held that the benefits of abortion regulations do not have to be considered; as a result, laws with specious justifications (or no justification at all) will stand as long as the Court does not think they are especially burdensome. And he suggested that when lawmakers argue that an issue is scientifically uncertain, the Court should typically take them at their word. Abortion opponents have been hard at work manufacturing or identifying scientific uncertainty about everything from the dangers of abortion to the need for specific techniques. June Medical did nothing to undermine the leading strategy to decimate abortion rights; today that tactical plan looks smarter than ever.
June Medical thus serves as a bleak reminder of how profound our abortion politics will remain, regardless of what happens to Roe. Many have speculated that if the Court overturns Roe, the conflict may eventually deescalate. Justices Antonin Scalia and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have both argued that had Roe been decided differently (or if the Supreme Court had stayed out of it altogether), the issue would have been less divisive. But the recent history of the abortion conflict gives us reason to be deeply skeptical of claims that overturning Roe will make the abortion battle less polarized, even in the long term.
The abortion debate has always reflected other battles that define American culture—over health care, the needs of the poor, the role and size of government, the fortunes of the family, and the value and meaning of scientific expertise.
Indeed, a focus on incremental restrictions has done nothing to make the conflict less bitter. Opposing activists still hold irreconcilable foundational beliefs about the Constitution. Debating the policy consequences of abortion has not and will not convince many to alter their basic values. Nor, in all likelihood, would a decision overturning Roe make any difference to the constitutional absolutes defended by either side. Many abortion foes would not be completely satisfied with anything less than the recognition of a right to life that would require, rather than allow, states to criminalize abortion. If Roe is overturned, abortion rights supporters would simply resume the fight for recognition of a sweeping right to choose in state legislatures and in state and federal courts. Activists on both sides have not only fought for different constitutional principles; they have also believed in irreconcilable narratives about abortion and issues related to it.
The time has come to reconsider why we have arrived at such an impasse in the abortion debate. The stakes are high, for the abortion debate has always reflected other battles that define American culture—over health care, the needs of the poor, the role and size of government, the fortunes of the family, and the value and meaning of scientific expertise. We should expect future discussions of abortion to be no less fraught. Regardless of the fate of Roe v. Wade, the legal history of abortion will still tell a story about what kind of country the United States has been and will become.
Editors' Note: This essay is adapted from the author's book, Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present (Cambridge University Press, 2020).
Mary Ziegler the Stearns Weaver Miller Professor at Florida State University College of Law. She specializes in the legal history of reproduction, the family, sexuality, and the Constitution. She is author of three books on the history of the abortion debate, most recently Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present (Cambridge University Press, 2020).
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