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Benjamin L. Haas
All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2008
I'm finally recovered enough from this past weekend to do a proper writeup! My friend Josh asked me today if ATP was everything I hoped it would be. I had to pause for a moment, and then answered absolutely. Why did I hesitate? Part of it was probably that we left immediately after My Bloody Valentine finished on Sunday night, driving home in the middle of the night, arriving home at 5am, foregoing proper event closure. But more abstractly, I hesitated because this year's festival was such a different experience for me than the previous three I attended (Slint '05, Thurston Moore '06, Portishead '07). Without the overseas red-eye flight, the other-side-of-the-road driving, the tall, greasy northern European weekend warriors, and the cold, dank, mildewy chalets, it just wasn't the same experience that I had come to know and love. It wasn't as trying. It wasn't as punishing on both the mind and the body as the trans-Atlantic adventures of years past. And I think that's part of my love for the event — the dedication that it required, the endurance and commitment that it demanded from its patrons.
I know I sound like I'm complaining, but I promise you, I'm not. I'm not that deluded. I'm just trying to sort through my thoughts about the event. It was an amazing weekend, absolutely thrilling and enchanting, even though it wasn't what I expected.
Driving two hours outside of New York City to Kutshers Country Club obviously doesn't even begin to compare to flying to the UK, in terms of effort or expense, even discounting the diminishing value of the US dollar. At Kutshers, you don't ever have to go outside if you don't want to — the on-site lodging is in the same building as the performance stages. We wanted to go out, though, and since we had a car, we were able to drive into the nearby town of Monticello to get food and avoid the nasty food court offerings. We were more free to come and go as we please, and less bound by the band schedules and weather and unfamiliarity of the surrounding territory. It was altogether easier, which was strangely disappointing.
I slept better this year, I ate better, and I drank less. I'm getting older, and softer perhaps, and I opted not to put myself through the wringer like years past. I adopted a true Rock Tourist mentality, avoiding the bands I had no interest in, sampling ones I was curious about, and seeing entire sets of only a select few. In previous years I tried to see everything (or at least as much as possible, hindered by conflicting schedules), figuring that they were all chosen for a good reason, and I should indulge the curators by making an effort to check them all out. I had a change of heart this year. I don't recall anything about a good portion of the lesser-known bands from previous festival, so this year I decided to skip the ones I had no interest in, and spend more time enjoying the other distractions on the festival grounds (though I've still yet to see an in-theater movie). I went swimming, I went row-boating, I played ping-pong.
The lesson I take away from this is the reminder of the one overarching truth about ATP festivals: expect unpredictability.
Sure, every single one is a wholly immersive experience, where you surround yourself with similarly-minded enthusiastic, geeky, passionate music fans. You segregate yourself from the rest of the world in a seventy-two-hour fishbowl of indie rock nerds. But it's never like the last one you attended.
I loved every single minute of ATP NY 2008 (well, except the sixty minutes stuck in Wal Mart). It once again proved that it's my singularly most favorite thing in the world to do.
Oh, and I'll admit one more predictability: Thurston Moore. He's always there. Except this time I didn't see him perform. "Psychic Hearts" isn't one of my favorite albums, and the allure of exploring the country club and spending time with my friends was too great. Donny & Katie were there, too, providing some consistency.
Here's my quick-list roundup of the weekend:
The final twenty minutes of My Bloody Valentine's set, the coda to their final song "You Made Me Realize," a.k.a. "noise holocaust." I've never had my senses so aggressively assaulted in my life. It was like standing inside a jet engine with a strobe light affixed in front of you. I heard other people's comparisons, saying it was like staring into the sun, or seeing the face of god, and while I don't completely agree, I can see how the comparison is sorta apt.
Spectrum — I walked into Stage 2 halfway through their set and couldn't pull myself away. Hypnotic and electrified, fuzzy and melodic, it's what I think Spacemen 3 would've sounded like live.
The Drones — definitely my new favorite band. I seriously don't know why they don't have more fans in the U.S.
Bardo Pond performing "Lapsed" — it was the first thing I saw, immediately after checking into the resort, and it got the festival off with a wallop. This is some seriously heavy psychedelic rock, you feel like the bottom-heavy riffs push you down, down, down into the ground. You don't feel like you're floating in space, you feel like you're being buried in the ocean floor.
The unexpectedly balmy weather, in spite of the forecasted frost warning. I didn't even have to wear my trademark orange festival hoodie!
Acatlan Mexican Deli & Grocery — we stumbled upon this Sunday morning when searching for lunch in town, and it was a surprise hit. Forty-five bucks for the five of us, and we did NOT eat lightly. Awesome tacos, sopes, tostadas, enchilada, chilaquiles, and more.
Pleasant surprises:
Seated comedy — I wouldn't have thought this fit in with the rock festival atmosphere, but it worked. It fit the bill Friday night when I needed to sit a bit while Thurston played.
affordable merchandise — ATP t-shirts were twenty bucks, posters were twenty, and hoodies were thirty-five. I got two of the three.
Better than expected based on past experience:
Shellac — I saw them at Touch & Go 25th Anniversary festival, and was bored. This set was nothing like that. No noodling or wanking around this time, just solid, skronky rock.
Wished I'd seen more of:
...Trail of Dead, Dinosaur Jr. — The ten minutes each I saw of these performances made me wish that I had gotten there earlier.
As good as expected but not transcendent:
Built To Spill - "Perfect From Now On" — this album is just too huge, to legendary, too much in my top-five-of-all-time. There's no way it could have lived up to what I wanted it to be. It's not Doug Martsch's fault – he put on an expert rendition of it (and even seemed like he might have been enjoying himself for a split second) – it's my fault. It's such a wistful, nostalgic album that there's no way I could've forced myself to be in the right frame of mind to appreciate the performance for what it was.
Tortoise - "Millions Now Living Will Never Die" — Looking back, I can't believe that they started an entire sub-genre of indie music. I think everyone just closed their eyes and wished they were Slint.
Couldn't have been happier to have skipped:
Yo La Tengo — Saw 'em earlier this year at McCarren Pool, and was bored then. I heard they were boring again.
Growing — I've seen 'em plenty over the years, and never taken to them.
Mild disappointment:
The inability to use the grill that we brought along. The room setup wasn't like I expected, and we would've had to tailgate in the parking lot.
Total, crushing disappointment:
Mercury Rev — What a load preening, adult contemporary pap. Never again.
The abysmal dj'ing in The Deep End bar — what the hell happened to the 2am post-show indie dance party? Who were these drunk, giggly assholes high-fiving each other and spinning atrocious electronic dance garbage?
Soul-destroying annoyance:
The incompetence on display at Wal Mart. It should not take an hour to buy five items.
Disappointed in myself for not being in the right frame of mind:
Harmonia — All reviews pointed to them being amazing. And in the five minutes I saw of them, I thought they were obviously great performers. I just wasn't in the mood. My bad.
Strongest opposition to the prevailing opinion:
Les Savy Fav — I just don't like them. I don't care that the lead singer does the most outlandish shit, stripping and running through the audience, letting himself being carried on a ladder. To me that's all distractions from the fact that your music isn't so hot.
Biggest shock to the system:
Driving home after My Bloody valentine, crashing off of Jamesons & Rockstar Energy drink, bones and organs humming from the wall of sound, arriving at 5:15am and trying to fall asleep in my own bed.
Tags: ATP
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The Celeste's old world charm and craftsmanship; along with its elegant gloss finish provides a beautiful finishing touch to any room. The thermostat controlled fan forced heater and ability to showcase the flame with or without heat; means you can enjoy your stove year round. The Celeste is available in cream or black to suit your room decor.


RG179 75 ohm teflon coax kabel.
RG179 75 Ohm teflon coax.
Inner conductor SCCS 7/0.10 2.
Nom. Capacitance Conductor to Shield(pF/m) 64 Nom.
Velocity of Propagation(?) 69.5 Min.
Bend Radius(Install)(mm) 10 Voltage Rating(VMS) 1200 Max.


ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) - A House Republican says he hopes a decision by the Minnesota Court of Appeals prompts Gov. Tim Walz to decide quickly that his administration should drop a challenge to the approval of Enbridge Energy's proposal to replace its Line 3 crude oil pipeline across northern Minnesota.
The Commerce Department filed the appeal in the final weeks of Gov. Mark Dayton's administration. Environmental and tribal groups also filed appeals. The appeals court dismissed them on a technicality Tuesday, but the opponents can re-file those appeals after further proceedings before the Public Utilities Commission.
Rep. Dan Fabian, of Roseau, on Wednesday urged Walz to let the project move forward.
Walz spokesman Teddy Tschann says the governor's office is working with Commerce to determine their next steps in light of the ruling.


Introduced in 1876 as the "Centennial Rifle," this was one of the first lever action firearms to chamber heavier, centerfire ammunition with enough power to hunt bears or bison. Its capability was also appealing to notorious outlaws such as Johnny Ringo and Tom Horn. Features chamber options in some of the original cartridges. The 1876 model features a smooth walnut buttstock & forend, case hardened forged steel frame, octagonal barrel, and blued steel parts. Requires an FFL dealer to ship.


If you own or occupy land crossed by a public right of way, it is your responsibility to keep the route clear and safe for users.
The public must have access over the whole path. Obstructions (such as fences, locked gates or parked machinery) are a public nuisance and a statutory offence.
Paths must be free from hazards and any that are near to a public right of way should be clearly signed.
Barbed wire should not be fixed to fencing facing a right of way. Barbed wire running through a stile must be covered or have had its barbs removed.
Electric fencing must be insulated or covered where it passes through a stile or gate and must be clearly signed to warn users.
Vegetation growing in from the side or overhanging a path must be cut back so the path is clear. Bridleways must have a height clearance of at least of 3.75m for horse riders. It is the responsibility of the landowner to clear trees or branches that have fallen on or across a right of way.
Ensure that animals do not intimidate users or obstruct the right of way. It is an offence to put signs or notices on public rights of way that misinform or discourage public use.
Landowners must keep stiles or gates in good condition.
It is a criminal offence to install stiles or gates without our permission. We no longer authorise new stiles as they make paths hard to use for those who have mobility difficulties, pushchairs or wheelchairs. New gates will only be authorised to prevent livestock straying.
Whenever possible existing stiles should be replaced with a gap or gate. We are willing to contribute towards the cost of a gate where it replaces an existing stile.
You have the right to improve the surface of a path (for example if a footpath also serves as a driveway), however you must first get our consent.
If you are doing work that will improve a right of way for users it may be possible to get a grant from our Small Grants Scheme to contribute towards the cost.
Rights of way must not be closed or restricted without our consent. If you are intending to undertake any activity that might affect a public right of way please contact us first.
If someone has made an application to add a public right of way on your land you will receive a 'Notice to Landowner(s) and Occupier(s)'. We can explain the process if you receive such a notice. We will ask you to provide evidence to assist the investigation process.
Contact us if you would like to discuss changes to public rights of way on your land.
Anyone can apply to add a public right of way to the definitive map or to register land as a town or village green. You can protect your land against these applications by depositing documents with the County Council.
Complete a CA16 form to make a deposit a statement and plan or declaration under the Highways Act 1980 and a landowner statement under the Commons Act 2006.
Deposit a statement and plan, under section 31(6) of the Highways Act 1980, to protect your land from applications based on evidence of public use (note that this does not offer protection from a claim based on historic documentary evidence).
This process allows you to acknowledge existing public rights of way. A declaration can then be lodged to confirm no additional ways have been dedicated over the land. Any public use of the land during this period will not count towards the establishment of a new public right of way.
Deposit a landowner statement under section 15A(1) of the Commons Act 2006. This will protect you from a claim based upon a full period of twenty years' recreational use.
You can also help make your intentions clear to the public by displaying notices, fencing land or locking gates.
Landowners can give the public permission to use a path on their land, without it becoming a public right of way. These paths improve access by filling gaps in the network between existing public rights of way.
If you are unsure as to whether you have public rights of way over your land you can check the legal record - the 'definitive map'.
The personal data you provide on this form will be treated in accordance with UK Data Protection Legislation. Deposited maps, statements, and declarations will be added to a public register, as required by Section 31A Highways Act 1980 and Section 15B Commons Act 2006. It will become part of the permanent records kept on rights of way and village greens in Hampshire. The legal basis for our use of this information is the compliance with a legal obligation.
You have some legal rights in respect of the personal information we collect from you. Please see our website Data Protection page for further details. You can contact the County Council's Data Protection Officer at data.protection@hants.gov.uk. If you have a concern about the way we are collecting or using your personal data, you should raise your concern with us in the first instance or directly to the Information Commissioner's Office.


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P: (704) 716-1100 | E: lifeplanning@alphafa.com
Alpha Financial Advisors | Charlotte, NC
Ann Reilley Gugle, CFP®, CPA
Janice McGunnigle, CFP®, CTFA
Nick Barringer, CFP®
Megan Lokitis, CFP®
Tyler Weaver, CFP®
Dianna Almond
Nicholas Estefan
Alpha in the News & Community
Why Fee-Only Is Important
A Personal Connection
Client Vault
My Financial Plan
CollegeAmerica Virginia 529 Plan
The Best Way to Save and Invest for a Home
Money Magazine
by Sarah Max
Q: I want to save to buy a home in the next five to 10 years but don't want to use a savings account since they pay so little. Where should I save? — Maria, New York City
A: This is a dilemma, to be sure. With interest rates still so low, money held in a basic savings account likely would not keep pace with rising home prices. In New York City, for example, prices have increased 3% a year over the last four years, according to the S&P/Case-Shiller New York price index.
If you keep your house fund in cash for up to a decade, "you'll lose money after factoring for inflation," says Ann Reilley Gugle, a certified financial planner and certified public accountant with Alpha Financial Advisors in Charlotte, N.C.
Then again, your time horizon isn't quite long enough to justify investing all of this money in the stock market.
So consider a compromise, says Gugle.
Keep Things Balanced
She recommends that you save via a balanced portfolio that is initially 50% stock funds and 50% bond funds.
For your equity portfolio, plan on putting about half of your stock allocation into a stock index fund that tracks the broad U.S. market, such as the Vanguard 500 Index fund VFINX 0.01% , which owns all the stocks in the Standard & Poor's 500 index. This fund gives you exposure to the 500 largest companies companies in the U.S.
The other half of your stock money can be divided between a diversified international stock fund and a fund that focuses on smaller domestic companies.
Use our Money 50 list of recommended mutual and exchange-traded funds to find these different types of portfolios.)
For your bond allocation, Gugle recommends pairing an intermediate-term high-quality bond fund with global exposure, along with income oriented funds.
Keep Things Simple
"Each year you get closer to your target purchase date, you scale back the equity portion," she says. In other words, as your time horizon shortens, you should be shifting more of your money into bond funds, which offer ballast to your overall portfolio.
A strategy that gradually grows more conservative over time requires that you regularly rebalance the portfolio and ease up on your stock weighting as you get closer to your goal.
If you don't think you're up to the task — or don't have the time to do this — there is a way to put your investments on auto-pilot through the use of a target-date retirement funds.
Obviously, your goal with this money isn't to fund retirement, but to save for a house. But target-date retirement fund are designed to gradually grow more conservative over time. So in this case, you could simply choose a target date fund designed for someone who wants to retire five to 10 years from now, says Gugle.
Keep things in the right place
Just as important as how to invest is where to invest.
The downside of investing in a taxable account is that anything you earn in the account is subject to income and capital gains taxes that can eat into your returns.
One alternative: If you are saving for your first home, consider saving a portion of your housing fund in a Roth IRA, says Gugle, as long as you are sure your time horizon is at least five years away.
Anyone can withdraw contributions from a Roth IRA, sans tax, since taxes on that money has already been paid. And as long as you've had the account for at least five years there is no penalty for withdrawals.
To sweeten the deal, first-time buyers can take a one-time withdrawal of up to $10,000 of their earnings tax and penalty free, provided that the account has been open for five years and the money is used to buy or build a home.
In order to make the full contribution — $5,500 if you're younger than 50, $6,500 if you're older – you're modified gross adjusted income can't exceed $117,000 ($184,000 if you are married, filing jointly) and the benefit phases out once that number reaches $132,000.
The savings could add up.
If you contribute the maximum and earn a modest return of 5.5%, in eight years you could potentially have $44,000 in contributions and up $10,000 in tax-free earnings at your disposal.
You can find the original article at: http://money.us/23yQNBU.
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Contact us for a free consultation or join our mailing list to keep in touch.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Most of the stuff that parades as drug education in this country is just rubbish with no foundation in evidence.
With legalization of adult-use cannabis in Oregon earlier this month, families in that state and elsewhere are strategizing ways to broach the topic with their children. We at WRK are proponents of open, honest, early dialogue; so when The Oregonian took on the issue, we were hopeful they'd provide helpful information about initiating and navigating this conversation. Instead, they advocated a "wait until they ask me" approach and suggested parents use kids' questions as a way to get information out of them, rather than as a platform to share the information they're seeking.
As parents, we like to think we make decisions that are in the best interest of our children, and most of the time this is probably true. We evaluate the evidence we have access to, we assess possible consequences, and we choose the course of action we think will have the most benefit, or the longest-term positive effect on our children. We operate from a place of selflessness and good intentions.
But we are humans, and we have competing priorities, and we make mistakes. Sometimes our parenting path has more to do with reducing friction, making things easier by distilling complex issues into less complicated black-and-white scenarios. Sometimes we're driven by the image of who we think our child should be, the person we would like her to become, the person who fits our idea of what success looks like.
Certainly drug education is rooted in the former view: parents want to reduce risks because we think this means we're keeping our children safe. So our drug talk is based on an urge to eliminate danger, to remove hazards from our kids' paths, and this makes logical and evolutionary sense. Unfortunately, though, because much of the information parents have to go on is simply false, and what is true has been misrepresented and misconstrued for the interest of continuing the drug war, we overemphasize the perils of drug use even when we think we're just protecting our children.
Just as often, though, the drug education we provide our children is about making conversations easier for us, the adults. Take "just say no," for example, three words that definitively close the book on the subject. There's no room for discussion; we give no information about substances, effects, delivery methods, environments, or context. We simplify our interaction in order to make it more comfortable, smoother, and in order to appear more authoritative than we actually are. It's easier to tell a child not to do something than to take the time to talk about possible outcomes, which helps children develop the critical thinking skills necessary to make decisions on their own. It's easier to reduce a situation to "right" and "wrong" than to explore the nuances and refrain from judgment. Additionally, many parents are worried that if they disseminate information, children will take it as an invitation to experiment. If they put their foot down with an emphatic "no," surely their children will understand the severity of the situation.
There's also something else going on with our flawed drug education: it's an act of cultural transmission, and, as such, it communicates the dominant cultural paradigm. This is what we've decided is socially acceptable; this is what we've decided success looks like. This is how we maintain the status quo, and you will fall in line. Our children, their behavior and their choices, reflect on us; their lives are a testament to our values and our parenting. When our anxiety about our own status overshadows what our children really need, the entire parenting enterprise is thrown out of whack.
This is why Dr. Carl Hart's contributions to the dialogue around drugs and drug use are critical. Dr. Hart is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Columbia and a renowned neuroscientist who writes and speaks extensively on drugs, behavior, and society. His expertise in this area has informed numerous publications, including editorials, textbooks, and a memoir, a TED talk, testimony before Congress, and years of activism. Back in May, Dr. Hart shared his "real drug talk" stance with parents as part of a Drug Policy Alliance "Telephone Town Hall" hosted by DPA's asha bandele.
His basic proposition is that education should focus on factual information about consequences and outcomes that mitigates risk: the potential effects of the substance they might consume, administration methods, proper dosing, and ways to maintain a safe situation when consuming drugs. Dr. Hart maintains that the most dangerous thing about drugs is their illegality. We've been lead to believe that the effects of drugs are wildly unpredictable, but that's simply not the case. What is unpredictable, especially if you're black like Dr. Hart, is law enforcement, and that unpredictability and volatility makes him more afraid of police than of drugs.
"The key becomes: do you give them information to help them stay safe and live another day even though it may be about behavior in which you'd like them to not engage in?" This requires a great deal from parents: it requires us to continue to participate actively in our children's lives even if we don't approve of what they're doing, it requires us to check our assumptions and expectations, and it requires us to ignore the judgment of others regarding our choices. Many people aren't ready for the idea of "real drug talk," not yet at least, which makes it all the more urgent that more of us take a stand.
This is hard work, the work of speaking truth, building trust, and letting go. There is no script. It's not a one-time conversation but a continual dialogue. But if you do choose to lean in and initiate these conversations with your children, if you do choose to take an honest approach, your children will be better informed – and ultimately safer – for it, and the adults they become will thank you.
Posted in Features, High Need Parenting and tagged asha bandele, cannadad, cannmom, dpa, Dr. Carl Hart, drug education, Drug Policy Alliance, Ebony, high need parenting, just say no, parents for pot, pot and parenting, real drug talk, Telephone Townhall, the oregonian.


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Government Relations: The Changing Landscape - Duke Researcher Fundamentals Session
January 26, 11:00am - January 26, 11:45am
Speaker(s): Interim Vice President of Public Affairs and Government Relations Chris Simmons and Assistant Vice President of Government Relations Melissa Vetterkind
This in-person Researcher Fundamentals session is designed to familiarize faculty investigators with the changing landscape of government relations as it relates to facilitating their innovative research at Duke.
Featuring: Chris Simmons, Interim Vice President, Public Affairs and Government Relations and Melissa Vetterkind, Assistant Vice President, Office of Government Relations
For more information and to register, please visit duke.is/zgph2.
Limited seating available.
Researcher Fundamentals session part of Duke Research & Innovation Week 2023. Learn more at duke.is/m5555.
A new track of educational opportunities, Duke Researcher Fundamentals Sessions will familiarize faculty investigators with various research enterprise tools, resources and services to help facilitate their innovative research at Duke. Faculty and research staff across campus and the School of Medicine are invited to join their colleagues and subject matter experts in robust discussions about the challenges facing researchers in the post-COVID world.
Office for Research and Innovation
Co-Sponsor(s)
African and African American Studies (AAAS); Art, Art History & Visual Studies; Asian & Middle Eastern Studies (AMES); Biology; Biomedical Engineering (BME); Chemistry; Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE); Classical Studies; Computer Science; Cultural Anthropology; Dance Program; Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI); Duke Initiative for Science & Society; Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship Initiative; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS); Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy; Economics; Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE); English; Evolutionary Anthropology; Fuqua School of Business; Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies; German Studies; History; International Comparative Studies (ICS); John Hope Franklin Center (JHFC); Kenan Institute for Ethics; Law School; Linguistics; Literature; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS); Music; Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability; Nicholas School of the Environment; Philosophy; Physics; Political Science; Pratt School of Engineering; Psychology and Neuroscience; Religious Studies; Romance Studies; Sanford School of Public Policy; School of Medicine (SOM); School of Nursing (SON); Slavic and Eurasian Studies; Social Science Research Institute (SSRI); Sociology; Statistical Science; Theater Studies; Trinity College
Rubenstein Library Breedlove Room 349
Melkonian, Mitch


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Austrian Monetary Theory Seminar (Part I)
Austrian Monetary Theory Seminar (Part II)
Austrian Monetary Theory Seminar (Part III)
Austrian Monetary Theory Seminar (Part IV)
Aletse López | 17 de marzo de 2017 | Vistas: 42
In this seminar, Lawrence White gives an insight in the Austrian Monetary Theory, which includes the ideas of the two most representative of the Austrian School of Economics, Mises and Hayek. It explains how economy works with government intervention and why having no government intervention is the way to go.
In this fourth lesson, White approaches the history of the evolution of money ending up in the most known private digital currency, Bitcoin.
He explains the different stages the money went through since the first type of currency was created.
Currency 1.0: Precious metal coins. Bankers used to weigh coins and to record people deposits in balance sheets on units of gold or silver.
Currency 2.0: Private IOUs redeemable for precious metal coins. People did not transfer the ownership of the coins, they now transferred ownership of claims to coins.
Currency 2.1: Government IOUs redeemable for precious metal coins. Government got in the business of issuing banknotes. It was not a new monetary standard, it was a new form of a medium of exchange.
Currency 3.0: Government Fiat currency. The option to redeem was removed. The government said: "we are not paying anymore". It became an "IOU nothing".
Currency 4.0: Private digital "IOU nothing" - Bitcoin. Its authenticity is verified by cryptography but its value resides in its universal acceptance .
If you wonder how Bitcoin can have a positive value, you should wonder the same thing about fiat money"
Unlike a banknote, a Bitcoin is not debt contract or liability and is issued by a business enterprise through a computer program, the blockchain. A Bitcoin, then is an "IOU nothing", as White says, which means that is not redeemable in any other commodity.
The Bitcoin is easily transferable on its own decentralized payment network. It needs no trusted central party. But is not yet widely accepted in payment or as a medium of exchange.
If it's a money, it's only a money in a very small circle of people."
Bitcoin itself is not a for-profit enterprise. It was launched in 2009 as a hobby project and supported by a community of enthusiasts. Now, is surrounded by for-profit exchanges and payment processors. The original program was wrote by Satoshi Nakamoto, a pseudonym.
We didn't predict Bitcoin, so all we can do is observe."
Even though Bitcoin has a large market share, it has no monopoly power. Bitcoin has differentiate from all the alt-coins. It started as a cool statement to have a money that is independent from the government. But now, people who are not libertarians use it too.
MARKETING DAY UFM
Seminario: Inmersión en la filosofía de la ciencia actual
Reporte Monitor Global de Emprendimiento Guatemala 2016-2017
First Tuesday UFM
Emperadores, reyes y reinas que cambiaron la historia
Austrian Monetary Theory Seminar
https://newmedia.ufm.edu/coleccion/austrian-monetary-theory-seminar/austrian-monetary-theory-seminar-part-iv/


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Picoult, Jodi
Can we save ourselves, or do we rely on others to do it? Is what we believe always the truth?
One moment June Nealon was happily looking forward to years full of laughter and adventure with her family, and the next, she was staring into a future that was as empty as her heart. Now her life is a waiting game. Waiting for time to heal her wounds, waiting for justice. In short, waiting for a miracle to happen.
For Shay Bourne, life holds no more surprises. The world has given him nothing, and he has nothing to offer the world. In a heartbeat, though, something happens that changes everything for him. Now, he has one last chance for salvation, and it lies with June's eleven-year-old daughter, Claire. But between Shay and Claire stretches an ocean of bitter regrets, past crimes, and the rage of a mother who has lost her child.
Would you give up your vengeance against someone you hate if it meant saving someone you love? Would you want your dreams to come true if it meant granting your enemy's dying wish?
Once again, Jodi Picoult mesmerizes and enthralls readers with this story of redemption, justice, and love. (From the publisher.)
1. The author uses several famous quotations from some of the greatest thinkers in history, including Lewis Carroll, Voltaire, Woody Allen, Mother Teresa, Mark Twain, the Dalai Lama, Bono, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Albert Einstein. What effect do these philosophical tidbits have on the telling of this story? Which one resonated most with you?
2. Discuss the theme of belief in this novel. What does Shay believe, and who believes in him? Apply this same question to Maggie, Michael, and June. Did this story call any of their beliefs into question? Which ones?
3. When Shay is moved to the I-tier, some very strange things start happening—water turns to wine, Calloway's pet robin is brought back to life, a tiny piece of gum becomes enough for all to share. Some call these miracles while others call them hijinks. What do you make of these incidents? Were you convinced that Shay had divine powers, and if so, at what point did you make that conclusion?
4. Michael tells Maggie that "there's a big difference between mercy and salvation" (142). What is that difference? Which characters are pursuing mercy and which are pursuing salvation? Which, do you think, is granted in the end for each of the main characters?
5. Having lost a daughter and two husbands, June's life is fraught with grief. How do you see that grief shaping her character and informing the choices that she makes? Do you think she makes choices in order to reconcile the past or in hopes of a better future?
6. How do the three religions referenced in this book (Judaism, Christianity, Gnosticism) imagine the presence or reappearance of the divine? Compare Michael's vision on p. 71 with Rabbi Bloom's explanation of the Jewish Midrash on p. 96 and Shay's depiction of heaven on p.106.
7. Consider the passage on p.165 where Maggie thinks "the penitentiary [Shay] was referring to was his own body." In what ways are some of the other characters in this book (Claire, Maggie, Lucius) imprisoned by their bodies?
8. Discuss June's questions on p. 184: "Would you give up your vengeance against someone you hate if it meant saving someone you love? Would you want your dreams to come true if it meant granting your enemy's dying wish?" How do the characters answer this question?
9. June thinks that if Claire accepted a heart transplant from Shay Bourne and had to absorb the emotional pain of her father's and sister's murders, it would be "better to have no heart at all" (238). This statement eerily echoes Shay's own statement to June that her first daughter, Elizabeth, "was better off dead." How do you feel about the adults in this novel making such grave choices over the life of a child? Do you feel like they are being protective or presumptuous?
10. Why do you think Shay never puts up a real fight for his innocence? Do you believe he is resigned to his fate or is an active participant in choosing it? Has he made the ultimate sacrifice or is he just trying to make the most out of circumstances beyond his control?
11. Does Change of Heart have a hero? If so, who is it?
12. In Change of Heart, religion seems at times to bring characters together and at others to drive a wedge between them. Ultimately, do you think religion unites people or divides them?
(All questions issued by publisher.)


text:
The vision of mirza plot. The vision of Mirza (Computer file, 1990s) [keplarllp.com] 2019-01-27
The vision of mirza plot Rating: 8,5/10 1675 reviews
Summary of the vision of mirza
He entered Parliament, and finally rose to be Secretary of State. Sahiba only grew more and more beautiful with time. Longman, Mission statement, Pearson 1221 Words 7 Pages principal by which a business operates. There were different kinds of bird that are hovering about the bridge which represent the unusual factors that infest human life. All he could see was her! The men of the Restoration, then, deliberately repudiated some of the chief forces which seem to a romantic age to make life significant. Microsaccades are an important function. One man, a clown named , falls in love with her despite her apparent insanity.
Analysis of the vision of mirza
He was educated at Lambertown University and Charterhouse School, where he first met Richard Steele, and at The Queen's College, Oxford. They were, in our own idiom, cafes, where men met to sip coffee or chocolate and discuss current topics. Watching his fellow students attempting comedy upon the college stage, he later observed 'they thought themselves gallant men, and I thought them fools'. I fondly ask; But patience to prevent. But since Sahiba betrayed Mirza, his name precedes her name. The genius being moved with compassion towards me, bid me quit so uncomfortable a prospect.
What Is the Meaning of Vision of
Normally all of these vision or mission. Ayesha disappears for seven days. He appealed to his father to remember Allah and to turn from worldly affairs. But as is the case with such love stories, this didn't last long. The RestorationDuring this period Milton published several minor prose works, such as a grammar textbook, Art of Logic, and a History of Britain.
A Place for Us by by Fatima Farheen Mirza: Summary and reviews
For example, Osman functions like the fool in classical drama; in this trope, the fool is a social outcast but nevertheless makes profound insights about the people around him. Accordingly a large part of the nation, but particularly the Court, now plunged into an orgy of self-indulgence in which moral restraints almost ceased to be regarded. At that time, the was under 's rule. The result will be ta lot of confidence in math! His extreme dedication made him ill. In deed, many of them believed that they had either saved or changed their lives when all seemed lost. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair'd the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress Or softly lightens o'er her face, Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.
The vision of Mirza (Computer file, 1990s) [keplarllp.com]
He excelled in classics, being specially noted for his Latin verse, and became a Fellow of Magdalen College. Only small number of people is able to cross that bridge safely. Hence it is that the literature of the time is pseudo-classical false classical rather than true classical. They want to rebel out of a system that is not made to fit the interest of the entire country on a whole but only a few individuals and few classes. An old family friend called out his name and hugged him. The firm which employ you does it have a clear idea what it will be doing in the next 5-10 years? They were distraught with her for keeping them in the dark.
The Vision of Mirza and Westminster Abbey, by Joseph Addison
In everything, so far as possible, the restored Cavaliers turned their backs on their immediate predecessors. That bridge was once so strong but when a great flood hit it, the bridge became weak. Sahiba, via her friend, a Brahmin named Karmu, sent word of her unfortunate marriage to her darling Mirza. He was not much disturbed by 'The Rehearsal,' a burlesque play brought out by the Duke of Buckingham and other wits to ridicule current dramas and dramatists, in which he figured as chief butt under the name 'Bayes' poet laureate ; and he took more than full revenge ten years later when in 'Absalom and Achitophel' he drew the portrait of Buckingham as Zimri. ' I gazed with inexpressible pleasure on these happy islands. The genius smiled upon me with a look of compassion and affability that familiarized him to my imagination, and at once dispelled all the fears and apprehensions with which I approached him.
Without waiting another moment, he held her hand and took her away with him on horseback and rode until he thought that they had reached a safe distance. He encourages Mishal to take the veil and confine herself to the house, which is a dramatic departure from their progressive habits. This was because his influential contacts, Halifax and Somers, had lost their employment with the Crown. However, the beginning of this vision is set in London. Vision without action is a daydream. I recoiled, with unutterable horror, from this scene of complicated misery, which a superior power compelled me to behold. Before Mirza left, his father, seeing that there was no other way, went to Mirza and told him that if he went, then he must be sure to return with Sahiba or else it would bring great dishonor.
Mirza Sahiban
A gown made of the finest wool, Which from our pretty lambs we pull, Fair linèd slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold. Tired, he decided to rest by under the shade of a tree while his sweet Sahiba watched over him. This theme will resonate with later sections of the novel. I have a vision for change that has come from a longing of something more by a Power greater than myself. Periodically, trap doors open and people fall into the waters below. In the course of evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. This anonymous essay is based on the plan of the.
The Vision of Mirza: Joseph Addison
It is a story of an individual, who wants to do his own steps, failing his partner. In anything beyond the tangible affairs of visible life, indeed, they had little real belief, and they preferred that literature should restrain itself within the safe limits of the known and the demonstrable. Some were looking up towards the heavens in a thoughtful posture, and in the midst of a speculation stumbled and fell out of sight. We need to have a strong faith in God to safely cross the bridge of human life. But so too is the mysterious whisper in his ear urging him always to return, no matter how far he strays, back home. His serious entrance into literature was made comparatively late, in 1659, with a eulogizing poem on Cromwell on the occasion of the latter's death.
The Vision Of Mirza Free Essays
And for that, we need to look no further than the folk tales of Punjab. He followed this effort with a comedic play, The Drummer. In this confusion of objects, I observed some with scimitars in their hands, and others with urinals, who ran to and fro upon the bridge, thrusting several persons on trap-doors which did not seem to lie in their way, and which they might have escaped had they not been thus forced upon them. How were different sides to her characters' personalities revealed? The revolt of the nation was directed partly against the irresponsible injustice of the Puritan military government but largely also against the excessive moral severity of the whole Puritan regime. The other two are ,. The absurdities and weaknesses, together with the better traits, of a man spiritually shallow and yet very human are here revealed with a frankness unparalleled and almost incredible.


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text:
2Criticisms
2.2Ties to Coca Cola
2.3Weight stigma
Obesity paradox
Medical hypothesis
Part of a series on
Human body weight
Obesity (Epidemiology)
Gestational weight gain
Diet (nutrition)
Overnutrition
Childhood obesity (Epidemiology)
Classification of obesity
Genetics of obesity
Metabolic syndrome (Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome)
Metabolically healthy obesity
Set point theory
Body adiposity index
Body Shape Index
Corpulence index
Lean body mass
Relative Fat Mass
Waist–hip ratio
Waist-to-height ratio
Diabetes (Type 1)
Eating disorder (Anorexia • Bulimia • Binge eating disorder)
Food addiction
Starvation (Starvation response)
Obesity-associated morbidity
Obesity and cancer
Management of obesity
Anti-obesity medication
Dieting (List of diets)
Caloric deficit
Exercise (outline)
Obesity medicine
Weight loss camp
Weight loss coaching
Yo-yo effect
Fast food (Criticism)
Fat acceptance movement
Fat fetishism
Health at Every Size
Obesity and the environment
Obesity and sexuality
Social determinants of obesity
Social stigma of obesity
Weight cutting
The obesity paradox is the finding in some studies of a lower mortality rate for overweight or obese people within certain subpopulations.[1][2][3] The paradox has been observed in people with cardiovascular disease and cancer. Explanations for the paradox range from excess weight being protective to the statistical association being caused by methodological flaws such as confounding, detection bias, reverse causality, or selection bias.[1]
Description[edit]
The terminology "reverse epidemiology" was first proposed by Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh in the journal Kidney International in 2003[4] and in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology in 2004.[5] It is[clarification needed] a contradiction to prevailing medical concepts of prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease; however, active prophylactic treatment of heart disease in otherwise healthy, asymptomatic people has been and is controversial in the medical community for several years.[6][7][clarification needed]
The mechanism responsible for this reversed association is unknown, but it has been theorized that, in chronic kidney disease patients, "The common occurrence of persistent inflammation and protein energy wasting in advanced CKD [chronic kidney disease] seems to a large extent to account for this paradoxical association between traditional risk factors and CV [cardiovascular] outcomes in this patient population."[8] Other research has proposed that the paradox also may be explained by adipose tissue storing lipophilic chemicals that would otherwise be toxic to the body.[9]
The obesity paradox (excluding the cholesterol paradox) was first described in 1999 in overweight and obese people undergoing hemodialysis,[10] and has subsequently been found in those with heart failure,[5][11][12] myocardial infarction,[13] acute coronary syndrome,[14] chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),[15] pulmonary embolisms,[16] and in older nursing home residents.[17]
While obese people have twice the risk of developing heart failure compared to individuals with a normal BMI,[18] once a person experiences heart failure, those with a BMI between 30.0 and 34.9 had lower mortality than those with a normal BMI. This has been attributed to the fact that people often lose weight when they have severe and chronic illness (a syndrome called cachexia).[19] Similar findings have been made in other types of heart disease. Among people with heart disease, those with class I obesity do not have greater rates of further heart problems than people of normal weight. In people with greater degrees of obesity, however, risk of further events is increased.[20][21] Even after cardiac bypass surgery, no increase in mortality is seen in the overweight and obese.[22][23] One study found that the improved survival could be explained by the more aggressive treatment obese people receive after a cardiac event.[24] Another found that if one takes into account COPD in those with peripheral artery disease, the benefit of obesity no longer exists.[25] The obesity paradox is also relevant in discussion of weight loss as a preventative health measure – weight-cycling (a repeated pattern of losing and then regaining weight) is more common in obese people, and has health effects commonly assumed to be caused by obesity, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases.[26]
Criticisms[edit]
Methodology[edit]
The obesity paradox has been criticized on the grounds of being an artifact arising from biases in observational studies. Strong confounding by smoking has been noted by several researchers,[27][28] although others have suggested that smoking does not account for the observed patterns.[29][30] Since smokers, who are subject to higher mortality rates, also tend to be leaner, inadequate adjustment for smoking would lead to underestimations of the risk ratios associated with the overweight and obese categories of BMI among non-smokers. In an analysis of 1.46 million individuals, restriction to never-smoking participants greatly reduced the mortality estimates in the underweight group, as well as strengthening the estimates in the overweight and obese groups.[31] This study concluded that, for non-Hispanic white adults who have never smoked, the BMI range of 20.0 to 24.9 was associated with the lowest mortality rates.[31] A similar 2016 study found that, of the BMI ranges studied (which ranged from 18.5 to >30), the "normal" 18.5–22.4 BMI range combined with healthy eating, high levels of physical activity, not smoking, and no more than moderate alcohol consumption was associated with the lowest risk of premature death.[32]
Another concern is reverse causation due to illness-induced weight loss. That is, it may not be low BMI that is causing death (and thereby making obesity seem protective) but rather imminent death causing low BMI. Indeed, unintentional weight loss is an extremely significant predictor of mortality.[33] Terminally ill individuals often undergo weight loss before death, and classifying those individuals as lean greatly inflates the mortality rate in the normal and underweight categories of BMI, while lowering the risk in the higher BMI categories. Studies that employ strategies to reduce reverse causation such as excluding sick individuals at baseline and introducing time lag to exclude deaths at the beginning of follow-up[34] have yielded estimates of increased risk for body mass indices above 25 kg/m2.
The obesity paradox may therefore result from people becoming lean due to smoking, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets – all factors which also negatively impact health.[32]
Critics of the paradox have also argued that studies supporting its existence almost always use BMI as the only measure of obesity.[citation needed] However, because BMI is an imperfect method of measuring obesity, critics argue that studies using other measures of obesity in addition to BMI, such as waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, render the existence of the paradox questionable.[35]
One probable methodological explanation for the obesity paradox in regards to cardiovascular disease is collider stratification bias, which commonly emerges when one restricts or stratifies on a factor (the "collider") that is caused by both the exposure (or its descendants) of an unmeasured variable and the outcome (or its ancestors / risk factors). In the example of the obesity-cardiovascular disease relationship, the obesity is the collider, the outcome is cardiovascular disease, and the unmeasured variables are environmental and genetic factors – given that obesity and cardiovascular disorders are often associated with each other, medical professionals may be reluctant to consider both other causes of cardiovascular disease or other causes of protection against said diseases.[36][37]
A study from 2018 found that the reason why overweight or obese patients supposedly live longer with cardiovascular disease than people of normal weight is simply because overweight / obese patients get cardiovascular disease at an earlier age, meaning while they survive more years with it, non-obese patients don't get cardiovascular disease at all up until later in life. In fact, the obese have shorter lifespans because they get cardiovascular disease at an early age and have to live a longer proportion of their life with it. This also shows an misunderstanding regarding the paradox: While survival rate once sick is indeed higher for those with obesity than for those few non-obese that have cardiovascular disease, people without obesity usually do not get cardiovascular disease in the first place.[38][39]
Ties to Coca Cola[edit]
It has also been noted that Coca Cola has promoted the hypothesis and funded researchers who agree with the hypothesis, which has raised questions about what research the company supports and why.[40]
Weight stigma[edit]
Dixon et al. have proposed that a paradox does not actually exist, as people can be healthy at a range of sizes. As one study puts it, "There is no 'obesity paradox' to explain, if we accept the premise that varying ideal weight ranges apply to individuals over different stages of the life span, accordingly allowing us to abandon the rigid biologically implausible concept of a single 'ideal weight' (for height) or weight range."[41]
Israeli paradox
Low birth-weight paradox (Low birth-weight babies born to smokers have a lower mortality than low birth-weight babies born to non-smokers, because other causes of low birth-weight are more harmful than smoking.)
Katherine Flegal
^ a b Lennon, Hannah; Sperrin, Matthew; Badrick, Ellena; Renehan, Andrew G. (2016). "The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: a Review". Current Oncology Reports. 18 (9): 56. doi:10.1007/s11912-016-0539-4. ISSN 1523-3790. PMC 4967417. PMID 27475805.
^ Flegal, Katherine; Kit, Brian; Orpana, Heather (2 January 2013). "Association of All-Cause Mortality With Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories". Journal of the American Medical Association. 309 (1): 71–82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.113905. PMC 4855514. PMID 23280227.
^ Carnethon, Mercedes; De Chaves, Peter John; Biggs, Mary (8 August 2012). "Association of Weight Status with Mortality in Adults with Incident Diabetes". Journal of the American Medical Association. 308 (6): 581–90. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9282. PMC 3467944. PMID 22871870.
^ Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Block, Gladys; Humphreys, Michael H.; Kopple, Joel D. (2003). "Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients". Kidney International. 63 (3): 793–808. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00803.x. PMID 12631061. S2CID 25515189.
^ a b Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Block, Gladys; Horwich, Tamara; Fonarow, Gregg C (2004). "Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (8): 1439–44. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.039. PMID 15093881. S2CID 46581648.
^ Naghavi, Morteza; Falk, Erling; Hecht, Harvey S.; Shah, Prediman K.; Shape Task Force (2006). "The First SHAPE (Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education) Guideline". Critical Pathways in Cardiology. 5 (4): 187–90. doi:10.1097/01.hpc.0000249784.29151.54. PMID 18340236.
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^ Sharma, A; Lavie, CJ; Borer, JS; Vallakati, A; Goel, S; Lopez-Jimenez, F; Arbab-Zadeh, A; Mukherjee, D; Lazar, JM (15 May 2015). "Meta-analysis of the relation of body mass index to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure" (PDF). The American Journal of Cardiology. 115 (10): 1428–34. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.024. PMID 25772740.
^ Padwal, R; McAlister, F A; McMurray, J J V; Cowie, M R; Rich, M; Pocock, S; Swedberg, K; Maggioni, A; Gamble, G; Ariti, C; Earle, N; Whalley, G; Poppe, K K; Doughty, R N; Bayes-Genis, A (31 October 2013). "The obesity paradox in heart failure patients with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of individual patient data". International Journal of Obesity. 38 (8): 1110–1114. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.203. PMID 24173404. S2CID 205154645.
^ Wang, L; Liu, W; He, X; Chen, Y; Lu, J; Liu, K; Cao, K; Yin, P (4 September 2015). "Association of overweight and obesity with patient mortality after acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of prospective studies". International Journal of Obesity. 40 (2): 220–8. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.176. PMID 26338077. S2CID 10216047.
^ Niedziela, J; Hudzik, B; Niedziela, N; Gąsior, M; Gierlotka, M; Wasilewski, J; Myrda, K; Lekston, A; Poloński, L; Rozentryt, P (November 2014). "The obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis". European Journal of Epidemiology. 29 (11): 801–12. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9961-9. PMC 4220102. PMID 25354991.
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^ Stein, Paul; Matta, Fadi; Goldman, Jose (2011). "Obesity and pulmonary embolism: The mounting evidence of risk and the mortality paradox". Thrombosis Research. 128 (6): 518–523. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.10.019. PMID 22078437. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
^ Veronese, N; Cereda, E; Solmi, M; Fowler, SA; Manzato, E; Maggi, S; Manu, P; Abe, E; Hayashi, K; Allard, JP; Arendt, BM; Beck, A; Chan, M; Audrey, YJ; Lin, WY; Hsu, HS; Lin, CC; Diekmann, R; Kimyagarov, S; Miller, M; Cameron, ID; Pitkälä, KH; Lee, J; Woo, J; Nakamura, K; Smiley, D; Umpierrez, G; Rondanelli, M; Sund-Levander, M; Valentini, L; Schindler, K; Törmä, J; Volpato, S; Zuliani, G; Wong, M; Lok, K; Kane, JM; Sergi, G; Correll, CU (November 2015). "Inverse relationship between body mass index and mortality in older nursing home residents: a meta-analysis of 19,538 elderly subjects". Obesity Reviews. 16 (11): 1001–15. doi:10.1111/obr.12309. hdl:11392/2363462. PMID 26252230. S2CID 32531736.
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^ Habbu, Amit; Lakkis, Nasser M.; Dokainish, Hisham (2006). "The Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction?". The American Journal of Cardiology. 98 (7): 944–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.04.039. PMID 16996880.
^ Romero-Corral, Abel; Montori, Victor M; Somers, Virend K; Korinek, Josef; Thomas, Randal J; Allison, Thomas G; Mookadam, Farouk; Lopez-Jimenez, Francisco (2006). "Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: A systematic review of cohort studies". The Lancet. 368 (9536): 666–78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69251-9. PMID 16920472. S2CID 23306195.
^ Oreopoulos, Antigone; Padwal, Raj; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Fonarow, Gregg C.; Norris, Colleen M.; McAlister, Finlay A. (2008). "Body mass index and mortality in heart failure: A meta-analysis". American Heart Journal. 156 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.014. PMID 18585492. S2CID 25332291.
^ Oreopoulos, Antigone; Padwal, Raj; Norris, Colleen M; Mullen, John C; Pretorius, Victor; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar (2008). "Effect of Obesity on Short- and Long-term Mortality Postcoronary Revascularization: A Meta-analysis". Obesity. 16 (2): 442–50. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.36. PMID 18239657.
^ Mariscalco, G; Wozniak, MJ; Dawson, AG; Serraino, GF; Porter, R; Nath, M; Klersy, C; Kumar, T; Murphy, GJ (28 February 2017). "Body Mass Index and Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Nationwide Study With a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Circulation. 135 (9): 850–863. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022840. PMID 28034901. S2CID 207746351.
^ Diercks, Deborah B.; Roe, Matthew T.; Mulgund, Jyotsna; Pollack, Charles V.; Kirk, J. Douglas; Gibler, W. Brian; Ohman, E. Magnus; Smith, Sidney C.; et al. (2006). "The obesity paradox in non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: Results from the Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines Quality Improvement Initiative". American Heart Journal. 152 (1): 140–8. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.09.024. PMID 16824844.
^ "Obesity Paradox" in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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^ Stokes, Andrew (2015). "Smoking and reverse causation create an obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease". Obesity. 23 (12): 2485–90. doi:10.1002/oby.21239. PMC 4701612. PMID 26421898.
^ Preston, Samuel; Stokes, Andrew (2014). "Obesity Paradox: Conditioning on Disease Enhances Biases in Estimating the Mortality Risks of Obesity". Epidemiology. 25 (3): 454–461. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000075. PMC 3984024. PMID 24608666.
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^ Flegal, Katherine M.; Graubard, Barry; Williamson, David; Gail, Mitchell (2007). "Impact of Smoking and Preexisting Illness on Estimates of the Fractions of Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in the US Population". American Journal of Epidemiology. 166 (8): 975–982. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm152. PMID 17670912.
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^ a b Veronese, Nicola; Li, Yanping; Manson, JoAnn E; Willett, Walter C; Fontana, Luigi; Hu, Frank B. (2016) "Combined associations of body weight and lifestyle factors with all cause and cause specific mortality in men and women: prospective cohort study", BMJ, v355. doi: [1].
^ Harrington, Mary; Gibson, Sigrid; Cottrell, Richard (2009). "A review and meta-analysis of the effect of weight loss on all-cause mortality risk". Nutr Res Rev. 22 (1): 93–108. doi:10.1017/S0954422409990035. PMID 19555520.
^ Prospective Studies Collaboration (2009). "Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies". The Lancet. 373 (9669): 1083–1096. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4. PMC 2662372. PMID 19299006.
^ Chrysant, Steven G.; Chrysant, George S. (January 2013). "New insights into the true nature of the obesity paradox and the lower cardiovascular risk". Journal of the American Society of Hypertension. 7 (1): 85–94. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2012.11.008. PMID 23321407.
^ J., Rothman, Kenneth (2008). Modern epidemiology. Greenland, Sander, 1951–, Lash, Timothy L. (3rd edition, thoroughly revised and updated ed.). Philadelphia. ISBN 9780781755641. OCLC 169455558.
^ Banack, Hailey R.; Kaufman, Jay S. (May 2014). "The obesity paradox: Understanding the effect of obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease". Preventive Medicine. 62: 96–102. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.003. ISSN 0091-7435. PMID 24525165.
^ Sadiya S. Kahn; Hongyan Ning; John T. Wilkins; et al. (April 2018). "Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity". JAMA Cardiology. 3 (4): 280–287. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022. PMC 5875319. PMID 29490333.
^ Karen Kaplan (February 28, 2018). "The obesity paradox debunked: People with extra pounds do not live longer, study shows". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
^ Julia Belluz (October 20, 2015). "The obesity paradox: Why Coke is promoting a theory that being fat won't hurt your health". Vox. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
^ Dixon, J.B.; Egger, G.J.; Finkelstein, E.A.; Kral, J.G.; Lambert, G.W. (January 2015). "'Obesity paradox' misunderstands the biology of optimal weight throughout the life cycle". International Journal of Obesity. 39 (1): 82–84. doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.59. PMID 24732145. S2CID 2868291.
Carnethon, Mercedes R.; De Chavez, Peter John D.; Biggs, Mary L.; Lewis, Cora E.; Pankow, James S.; Bertoni, Alain G.; Golden, Sherita H.; Liu, Kiang; et al. (2012-08-12). "Association of Weight Status With Mortality in Adults With Incident Diabetes". JAMA. 308 (8): 9000–9001. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9282. PMC 3467944. PMID 22871870.
Florez, Hermes; Castillo-Florez, Sumaya (2012). "Beyond the Obesity Paradox in Diabetes: Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality". JAMA. 308 (6): 619–620. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9776. PMID 22871873.
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Health paradoxes
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2022
This page was last edited on 15 September 2022, at 19:17 (UTC).


Myth 3: Collective self-defense has never been exercised by Japan, because to do so would violate the Constitution.
After the war, General Douglas MacArthur gave a directive to the Government Section of his general headquarters for the draft Japanese Constitution that the GHQ was assigned to write in less than a week. The document should include a provision that Japan would not have any army, navy, or air force for any purpose, including self-defense.
MacArthur's civilian expert legal adviser immediately told the general that allowing this wording would permit Japan to legally possess military forces for self-defense. MacArthur allowed the wording inserted by Mr. Ashida. In 1950, the general ordered the Yoshida government to form the National Police Reserve. He also began to say that the Japanese Constitution did not outlaw defensive force, only offensive force.
It might be shocking to Japanese readers that, in my opinion, Japan has been exercising collective self-defense since the Occupation ended in 1952, and continues to do so today. In 1952 the Korean War was ongoing and United States forces in Korea were supported by the US bases in Japan, as was the case during the Vietnam War and in other conflicts in which the US participated.
As already noted, Japan did not fight in any wars since 1952, but Japan allowed the US to maintain bases as called-for in the security arrangements with the United States.
I believe that the story of the American couple Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, who robbed banks and grocery stores in the early 1930s in the US, is fairly well known even here in Japan. Bonnie did not participate in all the crimes and usually was just the driver rather than the robber or a killer. But had Bonnie and Clyde been captured alive and tried in court, she would have also been guilty of Clyde's actions.
Japan has benefited from the deterrent value of American bases on Japanese soil. However, even though Japan has not fought, Japan has been in a collective partner. US forces based in Japan have been involved in defense actions, which have been facilitated by the support provided by their bases in Japan.
Particularly during the last decade of the Cold War, from 1980-1989, the US Seventh Fleet and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Fleet conducted a collective daily patrol of the Sea of Japan and the waters of the Northwest Pacific, monitoring the activity of the huge number of Soviet Pacific Fleet submarines based in Vladivostok. This peaceful collective action was so effective that it significantly complicated Soviet military planning for the Pacific, the essence of deterrence.