Get NAN capabilities.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyCapabilitiesResponse|.
Disable NAN functionality.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyDisableResponse|.
Publish request to start advertising a discovery service.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyStartPublishResponse|.
Stop publishing a discovery service.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyStopPublishResponse|.
ID of the publish discovery session to be stopped.
Subscribe request to start searching for a discovery service.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyStartSubscribeResponse|.
Stop subscribing to a discovery service.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyStopSubscribeResponse|.
ID of the subscribe discovery session to be stopped.
NAN transmit follow up message request.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyTransmitFollowupResponse|.
Create a NAN Data Interface.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyCreateDataInterfaceResponse|.
Delete a NAN Data Interface.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyDeleteDataInterfaceResponse|.
Initiate a data-path(NDP)setup operation:Initiator.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyInitiateDataPathResponse|.
Respond to a received data indication as part of a data-path(NDP)setup operation.An indication is received by the Responder from the Initiator.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyRespondToDataPathIndicationResponse|.
Data-path(NDP)termination request:executed by either Initiator or Responder.Asynchronous response is with |IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.notifyTerminateDataPathResponse|.
Data-path instance ID to be terminated.


Here at Action First Physiotherapy, our expert team will use everything from manual therapy to pilates to ease your muscle and joint pain. We have found on countless occasions that many people have injuries to their discs and they don't even realise until something clicks in the wrong way and they are left in agony and immobile. Action First Physiotherapy should be your first port of call for all of your joint and muscle pain.
Physiotherapy aids the body's natural ability to heal itself and can give you the leg up that you need with our personalised training programmes to suit your individual needs and requirements.


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the extent of your impact
This is the core of who we are. Together, we are loving students and their families as Christ would love them, educating them so that they have opportunities for a better future, and empowering them so they feel equipped to be Christ-like influences
We accomplish this through four different ministries: Family Empowerment, Group Ministry, The Makarios School, and Sponsorship. Together, through these ministries we're able to develop relationships, share the gospel, and change lives.
134 families | 7 staff members
The Family Empowerment Program is the newest addition to the Makarios ministries. It was created in 2016 to meet the physical, intellectual, and spiritual needs of families. Several different classes and trainings are offered to parents of our students. Not only are parents given the opportunity to attend trainings and classes, they're also being discipled by local church leaders and Makarios staff.
GROUP MINISTRY
367 team members | 9 staff members
Group Ministry started in 2005, only a year after the Makarios School was founded. Teams from the US travel to the DR to serve alongside Makarios in person, see the impact of their partnership, and develop relationships with locals. During their trip, teams hold sports camps and VBS as a way to share the gospel with locals in the surrounding communities.
THE MAKARIOS SCHOOL
200 students | Grades PreK-11th | 40 staff members
The Makarios School was the first of our four ministries. It's where students receive a faith-based education, meals, and medical care. Our staff is made up of local Haitians, Dominicans, and American missionaries who work alongside each other to educate and disciple our students. This provides our students with an opportunity for a better future.
Sponsorship is how the Makarios School operates. Whether you sponsor a student, class, or local staff member, sponsors like you fund the school and enable it to function. Sponsors are able to form relationships with their students by sending letters and packages, and communicating with them on a regular basis. You can do this online, by mail, or in person! Sponsors who attend Group Ministry trips are usually able to visit with their sponsor student and their family.
Located on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic, we serve three communities within the town of Montellano: Tamarindo, Pancho Mateo, and Chichigua.
Many families have lived here their entire lives, including generations before them. Each community is unique in its own way. Tamarindo is made up of connected homes that can be accessed through walking down windy paths. This is where the Makarios School is located. Pancho Mateo is where Makarios originally started and resembles a small neighborhood. It's home to many Makarios staff. Chichigua is a small Haitian community filled with colorful wooden and tin homes. You'll always find precious kiddos running around Chichigua.
There is so much character, charm, and potential for growth within these communities. We love them deeply and pray that, together, God uses us to impact them for generations to come.
PARTNERSHIP SPOTLIGHT | KALLEMYNS
DAN AND ROSEMARY KALLEMYN
We would like to introduce you to Dan and Rosemary Kallemyn. They are regular fixtures in the clinic at the Makarios School. They've served for many years in this capacity, either filling in for staff on furlough, or serving on medical mission trips. Both are registered nurses by profession, and their servant's hearts and willingness to jump in with a moment's notice have made them valuable Makarios partners in our mission to Love, Educate and Empower communities in the Dominican Republic. They spent this summer organizing and preparing the medical clinic for a brand new school year, and it's impeccable! We had a chance to sit down with them and chat about their experience with Makarios.
How many times have you been to Makarios in the Dominican Republic?
This was our sixth trip so far, and we have another one scheduled in October of this year. Most of those trips have been serving in the clinic, but the first couple were on medical mission teams.
How did you originally come to know about Makarios?
We were visiting our son's church, Faircreek Church in Ohio, and the pastor shared about a medical mission trip to Makarios. We had always wanted to do missions work, but could never manage it while we were still working. Now that we were retired, we jumped at the chance to find out more and talked to the pastor after service. A couple of conversations later and we were on the trip!
Learn About Group Ministry Trips
You've served with us regularly over the years...any thoughts on the growth you've seen?
Makarios is in a huge season of growth right now. When we first started coming down, Makarios was like that quaint little church in a small town. Everybody knew each other and it really felt like a family. Recently, there's been tremendous growth with the school expansion and the Family Empowerment ministry growing its programs and staff. It's comforting to know that it still feels like a family. The momentum really has traction and you can see the impact deepening in the communities we serve. That's allowing students and their families to become productive, followers of Christ...and that's been neat to watch.
Donate To The Impact Fund
Do you have any impactful stories you'd like to share?
So many really special things have happened, but recently a little boy from the community came in with some burns on his leg from a moto. He was probably six or seven years old and had a "Dominican Tattoo" (what they call leg burns from riding motos here) that had occurred a couple of days earlier. We examined his leg and by the looks of it, they were 2nd degree burns if not 3rd degree. It was a pretty nasty burn that hadn't been treated, so we washed it and bandaged him up. We had some antibiotics on hand and gave them to his mother with instructions for aftercare at home. That evening we were having dinner with one of our summer mission teams and we all prayed for him. A few days later, his leg was much better than we expected...much better! We can't say that God healed him for sure, but we also can't say that He didn't! We are thankful that we got play a part in helping this family.
What's one thing you miss about the DR when you head back home after trips here?
Relationships with the people. Since we've been down regularly over the last several years, we've been able to foster some really deep relationships with staff, students and their families. We've cherished watching them grow and develop over the years. It's hard to say goodbye each time, but we know we'll be back.
What would you say to another person, or couple, who is considering serving with Makarios in a similar fashion as you?
It's an excellent, rewarding opportunity to practice your skills and use your gifts. You get to see so many tangible results...and you get to see them quickly. Serving in a medical capacity, we have gotten to see progress happen over years. We love seeing the students and staff grow and change. Serving in any capacity with Makarios is such a rewarding experience and there are so many incredible things happening now, it just keeps getting better. It's really fun to see the entire organization working together so well and achieving so much. All you have to do is come down here one time to see firsthand why it's such a great opportunity. That's what we did, and we plan to keep it up as long as we can!
Dan and Rosemary have been such an incredible blessing to Makarios. We cherish their partnership and service over the years. They truly are part of what makes Makarios feel like a family. Please join us in praying for them; that their time at home would be restful and filling, and that they would feel our appreciation in so many ways.
FAMILY EMPOWERMENT LITERACY PROGRAM
Our Family Empowerment team has launched a Literacy Program that seeks to teach Makarios parents how to read and write. We are striving always to help our parents be both transformed by the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and become ethical leaders in their communities. We caught up with Adrianne Christian who co-leads this program with Andrea Guerrero and this is what she had to say.
Click To Learn More About Family Empowerment
The Literacy Program will have completed 3 weeks this Thursday. We started Cycle I on March 5th and are meeting Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays from 4:30-7:00 and will last through mid-June. Cycle II will begin this September. The first half hour of each class is a devotional time. Over half of the ladies who are participating are not believers. It is our hope that by participating in the program they will come to know the Lord and be able to read their Bibles one day, in addition to the practical day-to-day advantages that reading will give them.
We have 11 moms currently registered in the program and a great team of supporters who help teach the lessons. The moms we are working with knew very little, if anything in terms of reading and writing, when they entered the program. They either never had the opportunity to go to school, or went for a short period of time but never completed even first grade.
We have a support team which is made up of people from the communities, moms who can read, and teachers from Makarios as well as local church members. The ladies are extremely excited to finally be learning to read and write and we have seen so much progress in just these first couple of weeks. The program is meant to help each person learn at their own pace. Now in the third week, we are already seeing some who learn quickly and others who need more individual help and even a different approach.
Want to know more about the Makarios School?
The Literacy Program is one of many pilot programs the Family Empowerment Ministry is hoping will become permanent programs offered to parents who need help. What that means is that we are adjusting the program and saving everything as we go so that it can be a sustainable program used over and over again. Other pilot programs in the works are geared towards Leadership, Discipleship, and Adult Education classes that focus on vocational skills, health, stewardship, and citizenship.
Support Family Empowerment
Please join us in prayer that God would continue to draw people in need to our ministries. Pray also that He would raise up leaders within these communities that would capture the vision of Makarios, and partner with us to impact everyone we can. Thank you for supporting the mission of Makarios and covering our efforts in prayer.
Become a Prayer Partner Here!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Elon Musk's Twitter reinstates Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene
in AP National, AP News, National
Elon Musk's Twitter has reinstated the personal account of far-right Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, which was banned in January for violating the platform's COVID misinformation policies at the time.
Greene's reinstatement comes after Musk over the weekend reinstated the account of former President Donald Trump, who was banned in the aftermath of the deadly Jan. 6 riots on the Capitol in 2021. Twitter — at the time — feared there was a risk of further incitement to violence if Trump was allowed to remain on the platform. Trump himself has said he won't return to Twitter and as of Monday had not yet tweeted since the reinstatement, although he also hasn't deleted his account.
Musk apparently based his decision to allow Trump back on the site on an unscientific Twitter poll he posted on his timeline. There appeared to be no such poll for Greene's account. Earlier, Musk said he won't make major decisions about content or restoring banned accounts before setting up a " content moderation council " with diverse viewpoints.
Musk has frequently expressed his belief that Twitter had become too restrictive. Before the U.S. midterm elections this month, he urged his "independent-minded" Twitter followers to vote Republican.
One account Musk has said he won't allow back on Twitter is that of conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, who was banned in 2018 for abusive behavior.
"My firstborn child died in my arms. I felt his last heartbeat," Musk tweeted Sunday in response to calls for Jones' reinstatement. "I have no mercy for anyone who would use the deaths of children for gain, politics or fame."
Supreme Court takes Jack Daniel's case against dog toy maker
Endangered status sought for manatees as hundreds starve


On the first anniversary of his incarceration, the infuriated prisoner blurted out his unmitigated contempt for that "Miserable impertinent Rascally Ignorant Mule headed puppy of a Judge Sam!. Babcock' who put me to Jail and [offered] to let me out if l would procure him Sucurety [security] for the Money which I told the sheriff I should not." It was February 21, 1783, and the inmate's indignation is clear, but neither his identity nor the reason for his confinement is revealed in the few surviving pages of his diary. Motivated by the tantalizing prospect of learning the author's name and the circumstances of his predicament. Fortunately, the anonymous diarist mentioned the first names of a few family members and the surnames of two sons-in-law. As I pored over the early vital records of Jamestown, each of those names surfaced, and each was linked with Benjamin Underwood. Later, a diligent search within the extraordinary collection of documents at the Rhode Island Judicial Archives, Supreme Court Judicial Center in Pawtucket, yielded an order of execution for insolvency against Underwood dated February 21, 1782. Other official court records confirmed his status as an insolvent.
Wood, Virginia Steele Editor (2000) "A Rhode Island Patriot in Newport Jail: The Diary of Benjamin Underwood of Jamestown, 10 February-5 March 1783," Newport History: Vol. 71 : Iss. 246 , Article 2.


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Grovetown girls coach Jaime Echols had a simple message for his team when its game Thursday in the Region 3-AAAAAA basketball tournament began more than an hour late.
"I told our kids in the locker room 'you control what you can control, and when we tip it up, we've got to be ready to play,'" he said.
The Warriors never trailed en route to a 40-28 victory over Lakeside in the first of four games at Greenbrier High.
Grovetown will face Heritage, a 66-49 winner over the Evans girls, at 6:30 p.m. today in the championship game.
In the boys games, Evans defeated Heritage 60-53 and will play Greenbrier, a 62-37 winner over Lakeside in Thursday's late game, tonight at 8 for the title.
Two girls and two boys games were scheduled Thursday at 3:30, 5, 6:30 and 8 p.m., alternating between girls and boys.
Lakeside thought it played the second girls game, scheduled for 6:30, not the first set for 3:30 against Grovetown, which delayed the start.
"It's on me. This is totally, this is Garrett Black's fault," Greenbrier athletic director Garrett Black said. "We had talked about moving some things around to try to help out Heritage High School (from Conyers, Ga.) and the travel, let them have the 3:30 and 5 o'clock game. That was I think Monday morning, and I think Monday night in talking to Heritage, they decided they kind of wanted to keep things the way they were at 5 and 6:30 to allow for their parents to be able to come to the game. I touched base with coach Kenny (Evans athletic director and boys coach Kevin Kenny), coach Heckathorn (Greenbrier boys coach Casey Heckathorn) and or some reason I neglected to inform coach Hilley (Lakeside athletic director Jody Hilley). So this is strictly on me. Kudos to Jody and their coaching staff and coach Echols, all of our coaches for understanding."
Black went and picked up the Lakeside team and brought it to Greenbrier, and the game tipped off at 4:38.
"That just shows you what kind of a quality person he is," Hilley said. "We had initially talked about, before the tournament even started, about trying to get these Atlanta teams back home at a decent time, especially for the Tuesday, Thursday rounds. It was a just a very innocent mistake. I was one of the ones that was not told about the time change, but we're going to be fine. We're all good friends here. He (Black) was obviously upset and I understand that, but he did bring his own activity bus just so when our girls got to the school, they would be ready when they got there and try to get this thing started as soon as we could."
Lakeside coach Antwann Glover was pleased with how his team handled the situation.
"I was a little bit happier with the way that we came out. We get a call, we get off the bus and we come straight in," Glover said. "The girls didn't seem to let it rattle them too much and they continued to play tough throughout the game. We just came up short on this one."
Grovetown jumped out to a 9-2 lead before Faith Wright scored five consecutive points to pull Lakeside within 9-7 with 5:20 left in the second quarter. The Panthers were still within 15-11 before Grovetown's Tamiah Holmes made a 3-pointer and two free throws to close out the quarter and give the Warriors a 20-11 halftime lead.
Grovetown opened the third quarter on an 8-3 run and built a 28-14 lead on a bank shot by D'Mya Griffin at the 3:14 mark before Jada Andrews scored four of Lakeside's next six points to pull the Panthers within 28-20. Aniyah Jones made a layup with 24 seconds left in the quarter to give Grovetown a 30-20 lead entering the final period.
The Warriors scored the first eight points of the fourth quarter and took their biggest lead at 38-20 on a basket by Mikiah Parker with 5:31 to play.
"I thought we played very well defensively in the first half. Then the first four minutes coming out the second half, I thought we played defensively about as good as we could play," Echols said. "Offensively, I think we took some bad shots that we normally don't take, but I think overall we just needed to do what we could get done and at least give us a chance to win (Friday night). I think in the second half, we kind of settled down and took some better shots."
Griffin led a balanced Grovetown attack with 10 points.
Wright and Andrews scored 13 apiece for Lakeside.
"We missed 11 or 12 free throws this game. Whenever that happens, it's very tough to beat a team," Glover said. "But overall I'm happy with where we are moving forward. We're at a decent place and we're just going to continue to build from here."


Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late 3rd century BC by the Qin state against the other six major states — Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi. During 247–221 BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers of the Seven Warring States.
The Chinese emperor was considered the Son of Heaven and the autocrat of All under Heaven. Under the Han dynasty, Confucianism replaced Legalism as the official political theory and succession theoretically followed Salic primogeniture. The Chinese emperors who shared the same family were classified into historical periods known as dynasties. The absolute authority of the emperor was notionally bound with various duties and obligations; failure to uphold these was thought to remove the dynasty's Mandate of Heaven and to justify its replacement. In practice, emperors and heirs sometimes avoided the strict rules of succession and dynasties' ostensible "failures" were detailed in official histories written by their successful replacements. The power of the emperor was also often limited by the imperial bureaucracy staffed by scholar-officials and eunuchs and by filial obligations to surviving parents and to dynastic traditions, such as those detailed in the Ming dynasty's Ancestral Instructions .
Son of Heaven, or Tian Zi, was the sacred imperial title of the Chinese emperor. It originated with the ancient Zhou dynasty and was founded on the political and spiritual doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven. The secular imperial title of the Son of Heaven was "Emperor of China".
The Heirloom Seal of the Realm, also known in English as the Imperial Seal of China, is a Chinese jade seal carved out of Mr. He's jade, a historically famous piece of jade.
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. It followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although the Mongols had ruled territories including modern-day North China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of modern-day China and its surrounding areas, including modern Mongolia. It was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368, after which the rebuked Genghisid rulers retreated to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty. Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese language, while others only used their native language and the 'Phags-pa script.
The Emperor's words were considered sacred edicts ( t 聖旨/ s 圣旨) and his written proclamations "directives from above" (上諭/上谕). In theory, the Emperor's orders were to be obeyed immediately. He was elevated above all commoners, nobility and members of the Imperial family. Addresses to the Emperor were always to be formal and self-deprecatory, even by the closest of family members.
As the emperor had, by law, an absolute position not to be challenged by anyone else, his or her subjects were to show the utmost respect in his or her presence, whether in direct conversation or otherwise. When approaching the Imperial throne, one was expected to kowtow before the Emperor. In a conversation with the emperor, it was considered a crime to compare oneself to the emperor in any way. It was taboo to refer to the emperor by his or her given name, even for the emperor's own mother, who instead was to use Huángdì (皇帝), or simply Ér (兒/儿, "son", for male emperor). The emperor was never to be addressed as "you". Anyone who spoke to the emperor was to address him or her as Bìxià (陛下, lit. the "Bottom of the Steps"), corresponding to "Your Imperial Majesty"; Huáng Shàng (皇上, lit. Radiant Highness); Shèng Shàng (聖上/圣上, lit.Holy Highness); or Tiānzǐ (天子, lit. "Son of Heaven"). The emperor could also be alluded to indirectly through reference to the imperial dragon symbology. Servants often addressed the emperor as Wàn Suì Yé (萬歲爺/万岁爷, lit. Lord of Ten Thousand Years ). The emperor referred to himself or herself as Zhèn (朕), the original Chinese first-person singular arrogated by the First Emperor, functioning as an equivalent to the "Royal We", or Guǎrén (寡人, the "Morally-Deficient One") in front of his or her subjects.
Shangdi, also written simply, "Emperor", is the Chinese term for "Supreme Deity" or "Highest Deity" in the theology of the classical texts, especially deriving from Shang theology and finding an equivalent in the later Tian of Zhou theology.
Huang is a Chinese surname that means "Yellow". While Huáng is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Huong, Houang, Hoang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwong, Vong, Hung, Hong, Bong, Eng, Ng, Uy, Wee, Oi, Oei, Oey, Ooi, Oof, Ong, or Ung due to pronunciations of the word in different dialects and languages.
Emperor Zhang of Han was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 75 to 88. He was the third emperor of the Eastern Han.
The Jianwen Emperor was the second emperor of the Ming dynasty in China. His personal name was Zhu Yunwen (朱允炆). The era name of his reign, Jianwen, means "establishing civility" and represented a sharp change in tone from Hongwu, the era name of the reign of his grandfather and predecessor, the Hongwu Emperor. His reign did not last long: an attempt to restrain his uncles led to the Jingnan rebellion. The Jianwen Emperor was eventually overthrown by one of his uncles, Zhu Di, who was then enthroned as the Yongle Emperor. Although the Yongle Emperor presented a charred body as Zhu Yunwen's, rumours circulated for decades that the Jianwen Emperor had disguised himself as a Buddhist monk and escaped from the palace when it was set on fire by Zhu Di's forces. Some people speculated that one of the reasons behind why the Yongle Emperor sponsored the admiral Zheng He on his treasure voyages in the early 15th century, was for Zheng He to search for the Jianwen Emperor, who was believed to have survived and fled to Southeast Asia. Some historians believe that the Jianwen Emperor had indeed survived and escaped from Nanjing, but the official histories of the Ming dynasty were modified later during the Qing dynasty to please the Manchu rulers.
Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei ( 魏獻文帝) (454–476), personal name Tuoba Hong, was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. He was the first emperor in Chinese history who, after retiring in favor of his son Emperor Xiaowen to become Taishang Huang in 471, continued to hold on to power until his death in 476—when the official history states vaguely that he may have been killed by his stepmother Empress Dowager Feng.
Zhu Manyue, later known by her Buddhist name Fajing (法淨), was a concubine of Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou, an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou, and she was the mother of Emperor Jing.
This is a family tree of Chinese emperors from the foundation of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, till the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, in the first half of the fifth century AD.
In Chinese history, a Taishang Huang or Taishang Huangdi is a retired emperor who had, at least in name, abdicated in favor of someone else. Although technically no longer the reigning sovereign, there are instances where the retired emperor continued to exert considerable power, if not more than the reigning emperor.
The unnamed daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei was briefly the emperor of Northern Wei (386–534), a Xianbei dynasty that ruled Northern China from the late fourth to the early sixth century AD. She bore the surname Yuan, originally Tuoba. Yuan was the only child of Emperor Xiaoming, born to his concubine Consort Pan. Soon after her birth, her grandmother the Empress Dowager Hu, who was also Xiaoming's regent, falsely declared that she was a boy and ordered a general pardon. Emperor Xiaoming died soon afterwards. On 1 April 528, Empress Dowager Hu installed the infant on the throne for a matter of hours before replacing her with Yuan Zhao the next day. Xiaoming's daughter was not recognised as an emperor (huangdi) by later generations. No further information about her is available.
Chinese theology, which comes in different interpretations according to the classic texts and the common religion, and specifically Confucian, Taoist and other philosophical formulations, is fundamentally monistic, that is to say it sees the world and the gods of its phenomena as an organic whole, or cosmos, which continuously emerges from a simple principle. This is expressed by the concept that "all things have one and the same principle". This principle is commonly referred to as Tiān 天, a concept generally translated as "Heaven", referring to the northern culmen and starry vault of the skies and its natural laws which regulate earthly phenomena and generate beings as their progenitors. Ancestors are therefore regarded as the equivalent of Heaven within human society, and therefore as the means connecting back to Heaven which is the "utmost ancestral father". Chinese theology may be also called Tiānxué 天學, a term already in use in the 17th and 18th century.
The Wǔfāng Shàngdì, or simply Wǔdì or Wǔshén are, in Chinese canonical texts and common Chinese religion, the fivefold manifestation of the supreme God of Heaven. This theology harkens back at least to the Shang dynasty. Described as the "five changeable faces of Heaven", they represent Heaven's cosmic activity which shapes worlds as tán 壇, "altars", imitating its order which is visible in the starry vault, the north celestial pole and its spinning constellations. The Five Deities themselves represent these constellations. In accordance with the Three Powers they have a celestial, a terrestrial and a chthonic form. The Han Chinese identify themselves as the descendants of the Red and Yellow Deities.
↑ Baxter, William & al. Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . 2011. Accessed 22 Dec 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emperors of China .


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Lawsuit says Sonoma County Jail staff ignored mentally ill man who killed himself
NASHELLY CHAVEZ
THE PRESS DEMOCRAT
Top-ranking Sonoma County Sheriff's Office officials and the company hired to provide medical services to inmates at the Sonoma County Jail failed to protect a mentally ill man who killed himself in their custody last year despite multiple signs that he was suicidal and in need of extra care, a lawsuit filed in federal court earlier this week contends.
Nino Bosco, 30, of Petaluma, was unresponsive when a correctional deputy found him lying on the floor of a booking cell on July 17, 2019, sometime after Bosco forced a bologna sandwich down his own throat, which blocked his windpipe and caused him to choke to death, the lawsuit says.
Hours earlier, Bosco had been rushed to the Sutter Santa Rosa Regional Hospital following a similar attempt to asphyxiate himself using materials provided with his lunch, the lawsuit said.
Bosco, who reported being bipolar and having schizophrenia upon being booked into the facility on June 2, 2019 for violating a restraining order filed by his mother, told detention staff he was still suicidal and having a bad reaction to his medication when he returned to the jail, the lawsuit says.
The Marin County Coroner's Office ruled Bosco's death a suicide, said Izaak Schwaiger, one of two attorneys representing Bosco's mother, Frauka Kozar, in the lawsuit.
"This is a case where we're saying they were so deliberately indifferent to a known medical need that that indifference proximately caused this man's death," Schwaiger said. "It's shocking. I'm reading the notes of this man going in a downward spiral and no one was there to stop it."
The lawsuit, filed Monday, named Sonoma County, Sheriff Mark Essick and former jail Capt. Mazen Awad as defendants, as well as California Forensic Medical Group, the company contracted by Sonoma County in 2017 to provide psychiatric services to inmates at the jail.
Dr. Taylor Fithian, president and medical director of the company, which in 2018 joined the Nashville-based Correct Care Solutions to form the company Wellpath, was also named as a defendant.
Representatives for Sonoma County, the Sheriff's Office and Wellpath each declined to comment about the case because it was pending ligation, they said. The Sonoma County Sheriff's Office and the Sonoma County County Counsel's Office hadn't received a copy of the lawsuit as of Friday morning, they said.
"Losing a loved one is difficult and we send our condolences to Mr. Bosco's family," Sonoma County Sheriff spokeswoman Misti Wood said in an email, saying her agency does not comment on pending litigation.
Matt Lillitren, Sonoma County Deputy County Counsel, said the county also could not speak about pending litigation.
Wellpath, where Fithian serves on the board of directors, declined to comment about the lawsuit, company spokeswoman Judy Lilley said in an email.
Awad, who retired from the Sheriff's Office in March, could not be reached for comment. He was one of three named defendants in a 2015 lawsuit filed against the jail that claimed correctional deputies physically and verbally assaulted several inmates, which resulted in a $1.7 million settlement in 2018.
Collectively, the group is accused of ignoring Bosco's mental and medical health needs while he was held at the jail, causing his condition to deteriorate "until the point that it became fatal," the lawsuit says.
Kozar's lawyers also argued Sonoma County and California Forensic Medical Group knew Bosco had a mental disability but failed to accommodate him while he was held at the jail, which was a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Notes from medical staff indicated Bosco repeatedly pleaded to be sent to a hospital or the county's Crisis Stabilization Unit during the month and a half he was at jail, and that he made several complaints about the medication he was receiving, the lawsuit says.
"I was having an allergic reaction," Bosco told the jail's medical staff about his medication the morning he died, according to the lawsuit. "I was having psychosis. I need to be in a better environment. This isn't helpful for my mental state."
Bosco, who was declared mentally incompetent to stand trial on June 14, had been booked into the facility after he was arrested by police in front of his mother's home earlier in June while "having a manic episode," the lawsuit says.
Kozar, his mother, had reluctantly filed a restraining order against Bosco months prior, when Petaluma police responding to her call for help with Bosco told her the order was the only way they could continue to assist her with her son, according to the lawsuit.
He had been living on the streets and his car, and was parked in front of his mother's home when Petaluma officers arrested him in June. The suit does not name the Petaluma Police Department.
"I had no choice but to do that," Kozar said in an interview about filing the restraining order. "I don't have anyone helping me. Every now and then I needed help when (Bosco) was experiencing psychosis and I called the police."
She remembered her son as a talented musician who worked out of a recording studio he set up in their Petaluma home, Kozar said. He started playing a keyboard she had bought for herself when he was 5 and learned to play it on his own.
As he got older, he began to experiment with rapping, different music genres and learned how to produce songs. He produced the theme song for the Petaluma Little League team when they went to the World Series in 2012, Kozar said.
"The horrific, horrific pain, it's been nonstop," Kozar said of Bosco's death. "I want to make sure that this is never ever going to happen to someone else's child."
An administrative review of Bosco's death was conducted by internal affairs investigators to determine if employees followed the office's policies, as is customary for every in-custody death, Wood said via email. That review has not been made public.
The investigation was completed and had been forwarded to the county's independent law enforcement auditor for review, she added. Karlene Navarro, the county's law enforcement watchdog, did not respond to a request for comment Friday about her audit of the case.
You can reach Staff Writer Nashelly Chavez at 707-521-5203 or nashelly.chavez@pressdemocrat.com. On Twitter @nashellytweets.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, The Press Democrat
Who calls the North Bay home and how do their backgrounds, socioeconomic status and other factors shape their experiences? What cultures, traditions and religions are celebrated where we live? These are the questions that drive me as I cover diversity, equity and inclusion in Sonoma County and beyond.


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Hamas official: Gaza militants agree to cease-fire
Aug. 21, 2011, 4:43 PM UTC / Source: The Associated Press
By AMY TEIBEL
Gaza militants agreed to a cease-fire with Israel to stop three days of violence, a Hamas official said Sunday, after a deadly attack on Israelis near the Egypt-Israel border set off a round of Israeli airstrikes and rocket barrages from Gaza.
The sudden flareup also threatened Israel-Egypt relations, after Egypt said five of its policemen were killed by Israeli fire as Israel's troops and aircraft pursued the militants responsible for killing eight people Thursday. Egypt complained strongly as thousands demonstrated in Cairo, and Israel apologized.
The senior Hamas official said Sunday afternoon that militant groups in Gaza agreed that the truce would go into effect Sunday evening. Hamas security personnel would enforce the agreement brokered by Egypt, the official said. He said Egypt told the groups that Israel would agree to halt its airstrikes only if the Palestinians stopped the rocket fire first.
A spokesman for Israel's government would not comment, and it was not clear if the cease-fire indeed had the backing of all of Gaza's armed factions.
Palestinian rocket fire and Israeli airstrikes continued hours after the cease-fire was to take effect at 9 p.m. local time.
Earlier Sunday, a salvo of rockets from Gaza struck an empty school and sent thousands of Israelis into bomb shelters. Israel responded with airstrikes and diplomats scrambled to limit the violence.
The diplomatic efforts were also aimed at limiting the damage from the deaths of the Egyptian policemen. On Sunday morning, an Israeli envoy arrived at Cairo's international airport and was whisked off in a convoy of four waiting cars, airport officials said. Israel's government would not comment on the envoy's identity or the details of his mission. A second unidentified envoy arrived later Sunday, the Egyptian officials said. France and Germany were also working with the Israelis and Egyptians to end the diplomatic spat, the officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity in order to discuss ongoing diplomatic efforts.
U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Jeffrey Feltman also arrived to help mediate, according to an official at the American Embassy in Cairo, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to reporters.
Alongside the diplomacy, Israel threatened to intensify its attacks if the rocket barrages continue.
Speaking to Israel Radio, military spokesman Brig. Gen. Yoav Mordechai said Israel "will not hesitate" to widen its military operation if necessary. Diplomats scrambled to try to prevent the violence — the deadliest since Israel went to war against Gaza militants 2 1/2 years ago — from spiraling out of control.
Large-scale Israeli military operations in Gaza would create new friction with the Muslim world at a time when Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is preparing to ask the United Nations to recognize an independent Palestinian state. Pictures of a major Israeli offensive in Gaza could hurt the Jewish state's efforts to minimize world support for the Palestinian statehood bid.
A spokesman said Abbas' Palestinian Authority planned to use the renewed violence to bolster its case for statehood at the United Nations next month.
"An independent Palestinian state is the remedy for violence," Husam Zomlot said. "It would control its borders and prevent such deterioration from happening."
Abbas, who wields limited power in the West Bank under Israel's overall security control, asserts no such control at this time. Hamas routed his loyalists from Gaza in a violent 2007 takeover, and a reconciliation pact the two sides signed in May has stalled.
Hamas, backed by Iran, opposes both peacemaking with Israel and Abbas' statehood bid.
Under Hamas rule, Gaza's militants have increased the quality and range of their rocket arsenals and now target the largest city in Israel's south — Beersheba, 25 miles away from Gaza. Most of the rockets launched since Thursday have been military-grade Katyushas smuggled in through tunnels from Egypt.
Israel pulled out of Gaza in 2005.
Since Thursday's ambush, militants have fired some 100 rockets and mortars into Israel. On Saturday, rockets killed an Israeli man in Beersheba and seriously wounded two others.
Associated Press writers Mohammed Daraghmeh in Ramallah, West Bank, Rizek Abdel Jawad in Gaza City, Gaza Strip, and Aya Batrawy in Cairo, Egypt, contributed to this report.
AMY TEIBEL


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Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) has released its 2017 U.S. Board Practices Study. In the study, ISS indicates that it is particularly focused on the role of the board of directors as a representative of a company's shareholders and how the board's structure and practices enable the board to act as such. The study also highlights trends among S&P 1500 companies in key governance practices such as board and committee structure, size, meetings and composition, board leadership, director independence, director elections, proxy access, board diversity, tenure and age, and director compensation. The study is based primarily on ISS's review of proxy statements for annual meetings held between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016.
Key highlights of the study include:
Proxy Access. More than half of S&P 500 companies have adopted proxy access in the last two years, with pressure to adopt proxy access beginning to build at MidCap and SmallCap companies.
Board Diversity. Gender diversity on boards is showing a modest increase. The number of board seats held by women has increased by two points since 2015 to 18% of all board seats in the S&P 1500. Other measures of board diversity are showing little or no progress.
Board Leadership. 88% of S&P 1500 companies have independent leadership in the form of an independent chair or a lead independent director. Investors appear to be comfortable with independent leadership in the form of a lead independent director with meaningful duties and responsibilities that are typically held by board chairs. Notably, separate CEO and Chair positions are more prevalent at MidCap and SmallCap companies than at S&P 500 companies.
Majority Voting and Annual Director Elections. While most S&P 500 companies had adopted majority voting in director elections in 2009 when ISS began tracking these issues, majority voting has now been adopted at over half of the S&P 1500. Classified board structures have declined in prevalence, with 90% of the S&P 500 and 65% of the S&P 1500 now electing their boards annually.
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Board Membership and Composition. The survey identifies individual directors who hold six or more board seats, who sit on four or more compensation committees, and who represent the youngest and oldest board members. The survey also lists companies that have non-independent directors serving on the compensation committee, and those with at least four female directors, at least four minority directors, and with a female or minority CEO.
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This wetland provides a significant opportunity for a biodiversity/wildlife corridor running from west to east across the Albury-Wodonga Campus.
The biodiversity report for the Bathurst Campus noted that the site is highly disturbed, as the land operated an experimental farm as far back as 1895.
In spite of this, the report noted that Hawthornden Creek (which runs along the southern boundary of the campus) provides an excellent opportunity for the creation of a biodiversity/wildlife corridor, provided that some of the significant identified erosion issues can be fixed. In 2013, CSU partnered with Bathurst Regional Council to address these issues through significant stabilisation works.
The CSU campus in Canberra borders St Mark's Native Grassland. The site contains two hectares of Natural Temperate Grassland, which is declared an endangered ecological community under ACT and Commonwealth legislation. Two hectares have been assessed as having very high botanical value and one hectare as having moderate botanical value. The conservation grassland is dominated by Kangaroo Grass (Themeda triandra) and a high diversity of native wildflowers, several of which are regionally uncommon, including orchids and a number of lilies. A population of the Button Wrinklewort (Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides), which is declared endangered under ACT and Commonwealth legislation (ACT Government 1998a), occurs within the grassland. Golden Sun Moth, Synemon plana, first sighted in 1997, although Themeda grasslands are not generally identified as typical habitat. This species is listed as endangered in ACT and critically endangered under Commonwealth legislation (ACT Government 2005).
The biodiversity report for the Dubbo Campus noted that the site was highly disturbed given its original life as a working farm, beginning in the 1820s.
While the campus is located on the fringes of an urbanised area, the report notes that there are significant areas of native grasslands and planted woodlots to the west of the campus. In addition, there is potential for a significant wildlife/biodiversity corridor in an ephemeral drainage line, which runs from the eastern side of the campus across to the planted woodlots and native grasslands on the western side of the campus.
The Orange Campus contains a significant landholding to the north/north-east of core campus facilities. The biodiversity report for the Orange Campus notes that there are substantial areas of remnant native vegetation (Yellow Box – Apple Box and Ribbon Gum – Apple Box). In addition, two creeks on the campus have the potential to form a significant wildlife/biodiversity corridor – particularly at the confluence of these two creeks, which form 'swampy' area.
A generous 3.2 hectars of land exists on Port Macquarie Campus for natural bush regeneration, including koala tree planting. This potential koala habitat forms part of the continuous stretch of vegetation, which extends from the campus to the CBD.
Biodiversity areas on the core campus, as well as on the farm holdings to the west contain significant remnant communities of Box Gum Woodland and Inland Grey Box. The CSU farm and Houlighan's Creek to the west, provide fantastic wildlife/biodiversity corridors on the campus.
Watch out for native animals when driving around campus.
Do you have suggestions on how the University can increase biodiversity? Let us know.
We undertake revegetation works with staff, students and external community groups like the Summer Hill Land/Creek Care group (Orange), Wagga Wagga Urban Landcare & Rotary (Wagga Wagga), and Environmental Lands Albury (Albury-Wodonga).
Fun Fact: In 2016, 1095 trees, shrubs and grasses were planted across CSU campuses.
We manage, maintain and monitor campus biodiversity areas. To improve how we do this, we're using photo points at specific campus locations to visually show changes in these biodiversity areas year-on-year.
Noxious weed removal is ongoing on each campus annually. Works are undertaken either by the Division of Facilities Management Staff or by contractors using external grants CSU has been successful in receiving.
In 2015, we funded a Grass Roots grant project to install a series of possum boxes on the Orange Campus. You can see them around campus, providing secure nesting areas for possums instead so they don't seek out ceiling spaces in our buildings!
In 2007, a pair of uncommon peregrine falcons was seen roosting in the water tower on Orange Campus. Due to the lack of suitable nesting areas in the region, staff placed a nest box in the tower. The birds gratefully moved in to roost and devour their meals.
View the falcons in action and consider supporting them into the future by visiting FalconCam Project website.


Lady Gaga at Super Bowl LI.
Lady Gaga has canceled the European leg of her "Joanne" tour due to "severe pain" caused by fibromyalgia.
The leg of the tour was to begin Thursday in Barcelona, Spain.
In her statement, Gaga addresses critics who say she's faking the pain for various reasons.
A statement from concert promoter "Live Nation" states the canceled portion of the tour will be rescheduled when Gaga is well.
Lady Gaga has canceled the European leg of her "Joanne" tour to continue treatment for "severe physical pain" due to her fibromyalgia.
"I have always been honest about my physical and mental health struggles," the 31-year-old pop star wrote on Twitter Monday about canceling the six-week portion of her tour. "It is complicated and difficult to explain, and we are trying to figure it out."
"I'm a fighter," Gaga also wrote. "I use the word suffer not only because trauma and chronic pain have changed my life, but because they are keeping me from living a normal life."
"They are also keeping me from what I love the most in the world: performing for my fans. I am looking forward to touring again soon, but I have to be with my doctors right now so I can be strong and perform for you all for the next 60 years or more. I love you so much."
In a press release on Monday, the tour's operator, Live Nation, said, "Lady Gaga is suffering from severe physical pain that has impacted her ability to perform. She remains under the care of expert medical professionals who recommended the postponement [of the tour] earlier today. Lady Gaga is devastated that she has to wait to perform for her European fans."
The six-week European leg of Gaga's tour was to begin Thursday in Barcelona, Spain and end October 28 in Koln, Germany.
In her statement on Twitter, Gaga also addressed critics who accuse her of being dramatic about the pain she's enduring.
"I use the word 'suffer' not for pity, or attention, and have been disappointed to see people online suggest that I'm being dramatic, making this up, or playing the victim to get out of touring," she said. "If you knew me, you would know this couldn't be further from the truth."
Last week, Gaga was forced to cancel her performance at Brazil's Rock in Rio music festival when she was hospitalized due to pain from her fibromyalgia.
She suffers from chronic pain caused by fibromyalgia. The singer opened up about her struggles — which are documented in her upcoming Netflix documentary, "Gaga: Five Foot Two" — during the doc's premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival.
The documentary premieres Friday on Netflix.
Anjelica Oswald contributed to this report.


A player's rating indicates his percentile rank in CAPS. rhinomaj is outperforming 93.06% of all CAPS players. A player's score is the total percentage return of all his picks subtracting out the S&P. A player's accuracy is how often that player has made correct predictions.
rhinomaj appears to be stuck for things to say. Maybe tomorrow?


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Tension mounts in Lebanon
Nicholas Noe (co-founder of Mideastwire.com) writes at Foreign Policy:
With the announcement from Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah this week that Hizbullah members may be indicted for the 2005 assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Raifk Hariri, one thing is now (publicly) clear, no matter what one may think about the integrity of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL): the militant Shiite party is both angry and concerned. Of course, this isn't a wholly new development: the party has apparently been preparing for just such an eventuality at least since the summer of 2006 when the first media reports began circulating in this regard (interestingly, in Hizbullah's analysis, these reports came just after Israel found itself unable to smash its bitter enemy in open battle during the July War).
At that time, and over the intervening years, the party was genuinely fearful that an STL indictment against it — for the murder of the leading Sunni in the country — might be added to an already formidable, though not insurmountable, "Cedar Revolution" cocktail of threats and weaknesses pressed by its many domestic, regional and international opponents. Indeed, more than the danger of another Israeli assault, it can be said that Hizbullah felt existentially threatened at the time by the prospect of an open civil war, aided and abetted by outside powers and fought along sectarian lines (mainly Sunni-Druze vs. Shiite). Hizbullah had learned, and painfully so, that its ultimate fight against Israel could not be properly conducted in times of internal bloodshed — such as during the Amal-Hizbullah engagements of the late 1980s — and that an STL indictment during a period of already high sectarian tension could tip the balance.
Now, however, the party has reached a fundamentally different — and more secure — position of political, diplomatic and military power, not to mention ideological coherence. Which is precisely why one should not over-emphasize Hizbullah's concern vis-à-vis the STL's current (purported) track — unless you are a partisan and/or polemicist and have a stake in shaping the course of the fight.
This entry was posted in Hezbollah, Lebanon on July 29, 2010 by News Sources.
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1 thought on "Tension mounts in Lebanon"
Joseph Elias July 30, 2010 at 9:19 pm
The tension in Lebanon goes way beyond Hezbollah and the "STL." Lebanon is under pressure due to pro- and ant-Israeli parties. The pro-Israeli party is usually identified as the "pro-West" or "pro-US" side. But, the West and the US have a proven track record of not doing anything that runs contrary to the desires of Israel. Two examples will suffice. When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 to defeat the PLO because of the attempted assassination of its ambassador, it was publicly known that Arafat's organization was not responsible. However, Israel wanted a war to attack the PLO and used this as an excuse. The US acted as Israel's agent by permitting Israel to exceed Tel Aviv's own line of limitation to reach Beirut. Then, the US acted as Israel's aid by preventing the UN or anyone else to halt Israel's weeks of bombardment of West Beirut. The second example is the 2006 war when the US gave unconditional diplomatic support as Israel bombed Lebanon's infrastructure. The US has never acted contrary to what Israel desires in Lebanon. The anti-Israel parties are the ones who find themselves the targets of the US and Israel. The two major parties are Iran and Syria. Both have been targeted by the US for "regime change." They both fear being attacked by Israel. They both suspect the US would also launch attacks as well. Because of Israel's desire to act as hegemon of the Middle East, the US would not try to reach an agreement with Iran that would keep it as a potential balance to Israel, nor push Israel to end its war with Syria by reaching a comprehensive treaty. Lebanon could well be the battleground again for another war by proxy.


ORLEANS – The fourth annual ClamBQ Orleans Food and Music Festival taking place tomorrow is expanded with more food and more music, and organizers are promising more fun than ever before.
The festival has outgrown its location at the Odd Fellow Hall and takes place tomorrow in its brand new location at Eldredge Park.
The festival kicks off at 11:30 a.m. and lasts until 6 p.m. tomorrow.
Noelle Pina, executive director of the Orleans Chamber of Commerce, explained the name comes from wanting to celebrate two things that Cape Codders like: clam bakes and great barbecue.
The day-long event will feature a traditional clambake dinner complete with steamers, lobster, corn and potatoes. The experts from Big Dog's BBQ at The Orleans Bowling Center will be serving pulled pork sandwiches and special sides.
Area restaurants are also invited to come and at the food court will be Land Ho! Restaurant, the Yardarm Restaurant, Nauset Beach Club Restaurant, the Jailhouse Tavern, the Local Scoop, Nauset Fish & Lobster Pool and Ames Pizzeria & Beverage Court by Cisco Brewers.
Three local bands will be playing: Sarah Swain and the Oh Boys!, the Rip-It-Ups, and Digney Fignus.
There will also be a kiddie land of activities for children and, another new event for the ClamBQ, a juried craft fair.
The craft show will showcase pottery, jewelry, fiber, glassware, food and other handcrafted items.
In addition, a food court will feature fare from several local restaurants, The main stage will feature performances throughout the day by Sarah Swain and the Oh Boys, The Rip It Ups & Digney Fignus.
The festival also includes the craft show and free kids' activities, including hay rides, face painting, inflatable games, crafts and corn hole.
Tickets are $35 for the clambake dinner and $25 for the BBQ (both include admission to the event). General admission tickets are $10 (food and drinks not included) and kids 12 and under are free. Tickets can be purchased at the door or in advance at www.clambq.com or at the Orleans Chamber of Commerce on Main Street.
Listen below to hear more about the festival from Noelle Pina, executive director of the Orleans Chamber of Commerce, and Erik Oliver, chairman of the Orleans Chamber of Commerce.


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Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes : A Workshop Summary
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He plays a mean fiddle, but Charlie Daniels himself is anything but mean. In fact, the "Devil Went Down to Georgia" singer and master fiddler is more like an angel in disguise.
Daniels' Volunteer Jam is a massive night of music that benefits charities.
And this year, he had a lot to donate when the recent 40th anniversary of the event brought in a staggering $300,000 for the Journey Home Project, which supports U.S. veterans, troops and their families.
This year's show also brought in some pretty high-profile guests, including Eric Church, Ted Nugent, Trace Adkins, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Wynonna, Jamey Johnson, the Oak Ridge Boys and many others.
It was the first time Daniels had hosted his Volunteer Jam in Nashville in almost 20 years.
"It was good to see an old Tennessee tradition come back to life — all for this great cause," Daniels says.
Indeed, it is a great cause. And Daniels is one of Nashville's genuine treasures.


In the 19th century, New Orleans was a thriving community of people from everywhere on earth. Its flourishing markets and fluid mix of color made it one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the country – and the perfect birthplace for what would eventually become America's most distinctive music genre.
The jazz (originally called jass) that first appeared in New Orleans developed in a brass band tradition that emphasized a solid ground beat and collective polyphonic improvisation on a common melody. It was a combination of European influences and the Blues that came together to form an entirely new sound. Soon after its rise to popularity in the South, it traveled to Chicago, San Francisco and New York before spreading rapidly throughout the rest of the world. Today, jazz is known as American music that gained international attention and still remains popular to this day.
Like all music, jazz is an expression of, and an influence on, the society and culture of which it is a part. Jazz in the Global Community is, of course, a class about jazz. It discusses its social history and its relationship to world cultures and the international community. Although jazz is no longer the most popular music in the United States, as it once was, its history and the issues surrounding its nature stand at the heart of a diverse America that has borrowed from cultures and traditions all over the world.
Students in this class leave with a rich appreciation of America's classical jazz and the many forms that derive from it. They also develop a deep understanding of the current issues surrounding multicultural debates in American life. By exploring the very roots of these issues from anthropological, sociological and human relations perspectives, students become well versed in what was truly one of the world's first global languages – jazz music.


Source Brady, Robert Kirk. Letter to Sis. 24 October 1918. Brady, Robert Kirk, Letters, 1917-1919. C0077. The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
Description In this October 24, 1918, letter to his sister, Ruth, Robert Kirk Brady wrote about being in a big drive, several of the home boys being killed or wounded, and Ruth possibly going home for Thanksgiving. Brady, a native of Ray County, Missouri, served in the 140th Infantry Regiment during World War I.