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Previous / Schumacher interview 2001-08-23 Next / Minardi replaces Marques with Alex Yoong
Ken Tyrrell dies
Ken Tyrrell, who founded the Tyrrell Racing Team and launched the career of triple World Champion Jackie Stewart, has died at the age of 77, his family said. Tyrrell, one of the most influential and popular figures in Formula One in the 1960s and ...
Ken Tyrrell, who founded the Tyrrell Racing Team and launched the career of triple World Champion Jackie Stewart, has died at the age of 77, his family said.
Tyrrell, one of the most influential and popular figures in Formula One in the 1960s and 1970s, died in the early hours of Saturday morning at his home in Surrey, England.
Stewart, who won 25 Grand Prix with Tyrrell during a 10-year association, led the tributes to the innovative Englishman known to those who worked with him as 'Uncle Ken'.
"Ken was the most important person in my life outside my family," said Stewart, who was given his first drive by Tyrrell in 1964. "He was so much more than the team owner and team manager. Ken was like a father.
"Ken Tyrrell did not just take an interest in his drivers, he really cared in the deepest sense about everyone who worked with him.
"We didn't have a contract after our first year because, quite simply, we didn't need one. In his time, Ken was simply the best," said Stewart who won three world titles in 1969, 1971 and 1973 when he retired. The Tyrrell team won the Constructors' Championship in 1971.
The Ford Motor Company recognised Tyrrell's potential when he was setting up his F1 team and it was their engines that would power his cars in his most successful years.
Martin Whitaker, European director of Ford Racing, said the sport had lost "a pioneering spirit" and a "great competitor."
Whitaker added: "Together with a dedicated band of engineers and mechanics Ken took on the established marques of the sport - Ferrari, Lotus and BRM - and beat them with a combination of talent and flair."
Other drivers to work with Tyrrell included Jean Alesi, Jody Scheckter, Ronnie Peterson, Francois Cevert, Patrick Depailler, Didier Peroni, Martin Brundle and Michele Alboreto.
After serving with the Royal Air Force in World War Two, Tyrrell made a fortune in the timber business before becoming involved in motor racing in the 1950s.
His team, famed for its innovation and often working with limited financial resources, enjoyed its greatest success in the 1970s.
Frank Williams once said that Tyrrell was the model on which he built his own highly successful F1 team.
Tyrrell went into a steady decline during the 1980s before it was sold to British American Tobacco in 1997.
The Tyrrell team competed in 491 Grand Prix, winning 33 of them while securing pole position 19 times and recording 77 fastest laps.
Tyrrell was diagnosed as suffering from cancer of the pancreas in 1999.
-FOSA-
fosagold.uk.co
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Lindisfarne Priory
Lindisfarne Gospels
Saint Cuthbert (634-687)
St Aidan of Lindisfarne (c.590 - 651)
Churches and Cathedrals
Grade I Listed
Geo / Heritage Meta Data »
List grade: 1
List number: 1042304
Grid ref: NU1263141764
Post code: TD15 2RX
About Lindisfarne Priory
"Lindisfarne was the site of the earliest Christian monastery in Anglo-Saxon Northumbria and one of the most important centres of early Christianity in England. Irish monks settled here in AD 635 at the invitation of the Northumbrian king [Oswald], and the monastery became the centre of a major saint's cult celebrating its bishop, Cuthbert. It was here that the masterpiece now known as the Lindisfarne Gospels was created in the early 8th century. The ruins now visible are those of a small priory established in the 12th century by monks from Durham, which claimed direct descent from the early monastery." (English Heritage) The remains of Lindisfarne Priory are Grade I listed.
The monastery of Lindisfarne was founded by Irish monk Saint Aidan, who had been sent from Iona off the west coast of Scotland to Northumbria at the request of King Oswald. The priory was founded before the end of 634 and Aidan remained there until his death in 651. The priory remained the only seat of a bishopric in Northumbria for nearly thirty years. Finian (bishop 651–661) built a timber church "suitable for a bishop's seat". St Bede, however, was critical of the fact that the church was not built of stone but only of hewn oak thatched with reeds. A later bishop, Eadbert removed the thatch and covered both walls and roof in lead. An abbot, who could be the bishop, was elected by the brethren and led the community. Bede comments on this:
Lindisfarne became the base for Christian evangelism in the North of England and also sent a successful mission to Mercia. Monks from the Irish community of Iona settled on the island. Northumbria's patron saint, Saint Cuthbert, was a monk and later abbot of the monastery, and his miracles and life are recorded by the Venerable Bede. Cuthbert later became Bishop of Lindisfarne. An anonymous life of Cuthbert written at Lindisfarne is the oldest extant piece of English historical writing. From its reference to "Aldfrith, who now reigns peacefully" it must date to between 685 and 704. Cuthbert was buried here, his remains later translated to Durham Cathedral (along with the relics of Saint Eadfrith of Lindisfarne). Eadberht of Lindisfarne, the next bishop (and saint) was buried in the place from which Cuthbert's body was exhumed earlier the same year when the priory was abandoned in the late 9th century.
Cuthbert's body was carried with the monks, eventually settling in Chester-le-Street before a final move to Durham. The saint's shrine was the major pilgrimage centre for much of the region until its despoliation by Henry VIII's commissioners in 1539 or 1540. The grave was preserved, however, and when opened in 1827 yielded a number of remarkable artefacts dating back to Lindisfarne. The inner (of three) coffins was of incised wood, the only decorated wood to survive from the period. It shows Jesus surrounded by the Four Evangelists. Within the coffin was a pectoral cross across made of gold and mounted with garnets and intricate tracery. There was a comb made of elephant ivory, a rare and expensive item in Northern England. Also inside was an embossed silver covered travelling altar. All were contemporary with the original burial on the island. When the body was placed in the shrine in 1104 other items were removed: a paten, scissors and a chalice of gold and onyx. Most remarkable of all was a gospel (known as the St Cuthbert Gospel or Stonyhurst Gospel from its association with the college). The manuscript is in an early, probably original, binding beautifully decorated with deeply embossed leather.
Following Finian's death, Colman became Bishop of Lindisfarne. Up to this point the Northumbrian (and latterly Mercian) churches had looked to Lindisfarne as the mother church. There were significant liturgical and theological differences with the fledgling Roman party based at Canterbury. According to Stenton: "There is no trace of any intercourse between these bishops Mercians and the see of Canterbury". The Synod of Whitby in 663 changed this. Allegiance switched southwards to Canterbury and thence to Rome. Colman departed his see for Iona and Lindisfarne ceased to be of such major importance.
In 735 the northern ecclesiastical province of England was established with the archbishopric at York. There were only three bishops under York: Hexham, Lindisfarne and Whithorn whereas Canterbury had the twelve envisaged by St Augustine. The Diocese of York encompassed roughly the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire. Hexham covered County Durham and the southern part of Northumberland up to the River Coquet and eastwards into the Pennines. Whithorn covered most of Dumfries and Galloway region west of Dumfries itself. The remainder, Cumbria, northern Northumbria, Lothian and much of the Kingdom of Strathclyde formed the diocese of Lindisfarne.
In 737 Saint Ceolwulf of Northumbria abdicated as King of Northumbria and entered the Prior at Lindisfarne. He died in 764 and was buried alongside Cuthbert. In 830 his body was moved to Norham-upon-Tweed and later his head was translated to Durham Cathedral.
At some point in the early 8th century, the famous illuminated manuscript known as the Lindisfarne Gospels, an illustrated Latin copy of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, was made probably at Lindisfarne and the artist was possibly Eadfrith, who later became Bishop of Lindisfarne. Sometime in the second half of the 10th century a monk named Aldred added an Anglo-Saxon (Old English) gloss to the Latin text, producing the earliest surviving Old English copies of the Gospels. Aldred attributed the original to Eadfrith (bishop 698–721). The Gospels were written with a good hand, but it is the illustrations done in an insular style containing a fusion of Celtic, Germanic and Roman elements that are truly outstanding. According to Aldred, Eadfrith's successor Æthelwald was responsible for pressing and binding it and then it was covered with a fine metal case made by a hermit called Billfrith. The Lindisfarne Gospels now reside in the British Library in London, somewhat to the annoyance of some Northumbrians. In 1971 professor Suzanne Kaufman of Rockford, Illinois presented a facsimile copy of the Gospels to the clergy of the island.
In 793, a Viking raid on Lindisfarne caused much consternation throughout the Christian west and is now often taken as the beginning of the Viking Age. The D and E versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle record:
Her wæron reðe forebecna cumene ofer Norðhymbra land, ⁊ þæt folc earmlic bregdon, þæt wæron ormete þodenas ⁊ ligrescas, ⁊ fyrenne dracan wæron gesewene on þam lifte fleogende. Þam tacnum sona fyligde mycel hunger, ⁊ litel æfter þam, þæs ilcan geares on .vi. Idus Ianuarii, earmlice hæþenra manna hergunc adilegode Godes cyrican in Lindisfarnaee þurh hreaflac ⁊ mansliht.
In this year fierce, foreboding omens came over the land of the Northumbrians, and the wretched people shook; there were excessive whirlwinds, lightning, and fiery dragons were seen flying in the sky. These signs were followed by great famine, and a little after those, that same year on 6th ides of January, the ravaging of wretched heathen men destroyed God's church at Lindisfarne.
The generally accepted date for the Viking raid on Lindisfarne is in fact 8 June; Michael Swanton writes: "vi id Ianr, presumably [is] an error for vi id Iun (8 June) which is the date given by the Annals of Lindisfarne (p. 505), when better sailing weather would favour coastal raids."
Alcuin, a Northumbrian scholar in Charlemagne's court at the time, wrote:
Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race ... The heathens poured out the blood of saints around the altar, and trampled on the bodies of saints in the temple of God, like dung in the streets.
The English seemed to have turned their back on the sea as they became more settled. Many monasteries were established on islands, peninsulas, river mouths and cliffs. Isolated communities were less susceptible to interference and the politics of the heartland. The amazement of the English at the raids from the sea must have been matched by the amazement of the raiders at such (to them) vulnerable, wealthy and unarmed settlements.
These preliminary raids, unsettling as they were, were not followed up. The main body of the raiders passed north around Scotland. The 9th-century invasions came not from Norway, but from the Danes from around the entrance to the Baltic. The first Danish raids into England were in the Isle of Sheppey, Kent during 835 and from there their influence spread north. During this period religious art continued to flourish on Lindisfarne, and the Liber Vitae of Durham began in the priory.
By 866 the Danes were in York and in 873 the army was moving into Northumberland. With the collapse of the Northumbrian kingdom the monks of Lindisfarne fled the island in 875 taking with them St Cuthbert's bones (which are now buried at the cathedral in Durham).
Prior to the 9th century Lindisfarne Priory had, in common with other such establishments, held large tracts of land which were managed directly or leased to farmers with a life interest only. Following the Danish occupation land was increasingly owned by individuals and could be bought, sold and inherited. Following the Battle of Corbridge in 914 Ragnald seized the land giving some to his followers Scula and Onlafbal.
The priory was re-established in Norman times in 1093 as a Benedictine house and continued until its suppression in 1536 under Henry VIII. The standing remains date from this later priory, while the site of the original priory is now occupied by the parish church. The site is a grade I listed building number 1042304. The earliest parts of the area are a scheduled ancient monument number 1011650.
In 1462, during the Wars of the Roses, Margaret of Anjou made an abortive attempt to seize the Northumbrian castles. Following a storm at sea 400 troops had to seek shelter on Holy Island, where they surrendered to the Yorkists.
An early scholarly description of the priory was compiled by Dr Henry George Charles Clarke (presumed son of Admiral Sir Erasmus Gower) in 1838 during his term as president of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. . Dr Clarke surmised that this Norman priory was unique in that the centre aisle had a vault of stone. Of the six arches, Dr Clarke stated "as if the architect had not previously calculated the space to be occupied by his arcade. The effect here has been to produce a horse-shoe instead of a semicircular arch, from its being of the same height, but lesser span, than the others. This arch is very rare, even in Norman buildings".
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Timeline (2 events)
St Cuthbert Statue at Lindisfarne Priory
Lindisfarne Priory, home to St. Cuthbert
St Aidan
St. Cuthbert
Royal Visit To Holy Island (1958)
- The Lindisfarne Gospels is a ceremonial illustrated manuscript incorporating the gospels of Saints Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and art work with Anglo-Saxon and Celtic influences. The manuscripts were produced ...
St Cuthbert in Lindisfarne Priory
Images in stone - Lindisfarne Priory Museum
Priory Ruins
Lindisfarne Priory, Holy Island
Section Lindisfarne Priory
from http://www.english-heritage...
Lindisfarne Priory - English Heritage
- "The extensive ruins visible today are dominated by the 12th-century priory church, which probably stands on the same spot as its Anglo-Saxon predecessor. The associated monastic buildings were modified in ...
Simon Cotterill
Image taken from page 60 of 'The Local Historian's Table Book of remarkable occurrences, historical facts, traditions, legendary and descriptive ballads, connected with the Counties of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland, and Durham. Historical Division.
- Overview About Aidan of Lindisfarne Aidan was born in Ireland c.590 AD and becoming a monk on the Scottish island of Iona. He came to Lindisfarne at the request of ...
Saint Aidan - Holy Island
aerial video with drone - holy island with priory - 03.03.2016
lindisfarne 8
from Geograph (geograph)
Wall textures, Lindisfarne Priory
Lindisfarne Priory as viewed from The Ouse, Holy Island
Old Priory, Holy Island, Northumberland
Priory remains.
Added by: Pat Thomson , Edited by: Simon Cotterill Last modified: 4 months, 3 weeks ago, Viewed:923 times,


Paula Modersohn-Becker (1876-1907) lived and worked in Worpswede, an artist colony near Bremen, Germany, where she painted beautiful, sturdy portraits of the women and children who lived there.
She also painted a lot of selfportraits, amongst which is the painting of herself pregnant, that created quite a stir at the time.
She died young, shortly after giving birth to her daughter Mathilde.
There is a beautiful museum dedicated to her work in Bremen.


NAHC has presented a new congressional checklist to track cosponsors of the Home Health Care Improvement Act. The checklist permits access for NAHC members to see which members of Congress have and have not yet cosponsored the legislation. The outcome is to gain as many cosponsors in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. The cosponsor checklist for the Senate bill is available here, and to view the checklist for the House bill click here. Please use NAHC's Legislative Action Center if any member of Congress from your state has not yet cosponsored the legislation. For the full article, click here.


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Turning The Tables: The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women NPR's list of the greatest albums made by women, from 1964 to the present.
rewind. remix. represent.
The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women
July 24, 20175:00 AM ET
The Runaways perform at CBGB's in New York City in August 1976. Richard E. Aaron/Redferns/Getty Images hide caption
Richard E. Aaron/Redferns/Getty Images
The Runaways perform at CBGB's in New York City in August 1976.
80. Laurie Anderson
Big Science (Warner Bros., 1982)
Laurie Anderson never intended to become a pop star. After an initially tiny pressing of "O Superman" found its way to BBC DJ John Peel's ears and later became an unexpected U.K. hit, Warner Brothers beseeched her to make an album. She assented, turning the "politics" section of her six-hour performance piece United States I – IV into her 1982 debut Big Science, and in doing so, wielded a mass medium as a critique against itself. Aware of her novelty value, she used her uncanny delivery to highlight humankind's frighteningly banal secession to the post-industrial age, lulling audiences into the placid state that she sought to critique. Big Science is simultaneously silly and prescient, and takes a refreshingly wry attitude to technology's perils compared to today's often obvious commentary on the subject. Anderson's playful use of machine-speak subverts the industry's reliance on women's voices as a shortcut to maternal comfort while also progressing the trailblazing synthesizer work of pioneers like Delia Derbyshire and Suzanne Ciani. Despite Anderson's clear aversion to dehumanization at the hands of technology, Big Science is thrilling because it isn't a case of clashing binaries arguing for or against. "I don't want to nail things down," she told Sounds in 1986. "I want them to either breathe or explode." —Laura Snapes (contributor)
79. Portishead
Dummy (Go! Beat, 1994)
Portishead has a long-standing reputation for being enigmatic, due to the fact that its members don't often perform live and that they make music in a deliberate, unhurried way (the group has released three impeccable albums since its inception in 1991). But in terms of a mission statement, look no further than the chorus of "It Could Be Sweet," a song from the Bristol trio's standout debut album Dummy: "It could be sweet," Beth Gibbons sings. "Like a lone forgotten dream." This band could be sweet, but it's not. It's that very tension that makes Dummy one of the most urgent, burning albums to ever be put to tape, and a high water mark of the trip-hop genre that flourished in the early 1990s. Dummy sounds familiar yet foreign; sultry and sure, but something's not quite right. These extremes are grounded by Gibbons' achingly soulful vocals — which overlay Geoff Barrow's electronic production and Adrian Utley's sweeping guitar work — and range from pleadingly sincere to knowing within a single verse, from the lonesome reminisces of "Sour Times" to the strutting "Wandering Star." Though Gibbons has said that she never had aspirations to be a songwriter, she had previously been singing in pubs before joining Portishead. Yet some of the vocal demos she made at home, like "Strangers," were so potent that they were left intact on Dummy, which nabbed the Mercury Prize the following year. It's especially telling that the centerpiece of the album — and Portishead's most popular song, to boot — is "Glory Box," a slow, subtle nudge for gender equality as Gibbons sings: "Move over and give us some room." —Paula Mejia (contributor)
78. The Bulgarian State Radio & Television Choir
Le Mystère Des Voix Bulgares (Nonesuch, 1987)
Spine-tingling, otherworldly beauty is not what the world might have expected from a Soviet-ish group called the Bulgarian State Radio & Television Female Vocal Choir. And yet a string of albums, beginning with an alluringly named 37-minute compilation called Le Mystère Des Voix Bulgares (The Mystery of Bulgarian Voices), cracked open a whole sonic world largely unknown beyond the Balkans, full of gorgeous dissonances and fierce, sung-out emotion. Originally released in 1975 by the Swiss ethnomusicologist Marcel Cellier, who ran his own boutique label, the first Mystère album became a hotly sought-after prize among cognoscenti, who dubbed cassette copies for each other. One of those fans was 4AD Records founder Ivo Watts-Russell, who managed to license the material and re-release it in the U.K. in 1986 (and in 1987, Nonesuch did the same in the U.S.). Soon these women from all over Bulgaria became international stars, with their plushly layered, plangent voices weaving together Bulgarian dissonance and Western European-style choral singing. Despite any lyrical context (given that in their U.S. and U.K. versions, these translation-less village songs carried such unrevealing English titles as "Diaphonic Chant"), the music's emotive power and haunting beauty comes shining through. —Anastasia Tsioulcas (NPR Music)
77. Aaliyah
Aaliyah (Blackground/Virgin America 2001)
For her third and final act, Aaliyah made her strongest and most important offering. Her very tragic and untimely death shortly after the release of this self-titled album made it difficult and haunting for most people to listen to. But Aaliyah is a revelation that projects an effortlessly cool aesthetic coupled with the actual vulnerability that comes with being cool. The compositions on the forward-thinking album, most by Stephen Garrett (Static Major), were complex and futuristic, much more so than any other R&B records released at the time, and the way Aaliyah perfectly embodied Garrett's songwriting is astounding. You'd never think that she didn't write these songs herself. On this album, Aaliyah continued the legacy of soprano singers like Minnie Riperton and Mariah Carey, and simultaneously set the stage for artists like Kelela and Solange to emerge. In the process, Aaliyah became a catalyst and bridge that created a smooth transition from '90s style R&B into Modern PBR&B. —Stasia Irons (KEXP)
76. Tammy Wynette
Stand By Your Man (Epic, 1969)
There's a generation of feminists who might know Stand By Your Man and its title song primarily by an infamous 1992 interview Hillary Clinton gave in support of her husband's first presidential bid. There's a generation before that, though, who know the album for its perceived affront to the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. But if Tammy Wynette's focus on domestic life ran counter to many women's aspirations, it gave voice to many others who could identify with what they heard. The songs on Stand By Your Man exemplified the way Wynette centered the personal heartaches that women suppress in order to care for loved ones: The burden of holding an imperfect marriage together, the strength summoned to comfort a child whose father's walked out, the difference between a weekend fling and a commitment that lasts through the weekday routine. This album also portended Wynette's role in shaping the lush countrypolitan style with which Nashville infiltrated the pop charts into the '70s. And while sweeping strings weren't yet supplanting steel guitar, Stand By Your Man's crossover-friendly backing choirs and tearful evocation of middle-class hardiness ushered it into the mainstream. —Rachel Horn (NPR Music)
75. Donna Summer
Bad Girls (Casablanca, 1979)
Right before Donna Summer released Bad Girls in April 1979, she had struggled with depression and became a born-again Christian, which makes it all the more interesting that this album — her best-selling one, no less — displays Summer as a prostitute on the cover, and its signature song is about streetwalkers on a stroll. Maybe her background in theater helped with separating art from faith? In any case, Bad Girls earned Summer the title "Queen of Disco," and marked her reign over a music genre that seemed to personify a culture of hedonism and decadence. The singles it spawned, from the guitar riffs of "Hot Stuff" that transition into the horn-driven "Bad Girls" to the soulful "Walk Away," are a perfect encapsulation of the disco era. That said, Summer also proved she was more than a disco diva, as the songs drew from rock, soul, country and electronic elements. The last few songs on the album, including the stripped down "Sunset People," sound like they were wooing people into a new electro-pop age. It was a prescient move, especially now that we know these literally were the last days of disco. —Tanya Ballard Brown (NPR Staff)
74. The Raincoats
The Raincoats (Rough Trade, 1979)
Musicians are often asked when they first realized they could be their truest selves through art. It's as important an origin story as one's actual arrival into the world, and one that few artists have ever captured like the Raincoats. On the London band's ecstatic 1979 debut, the members of the four-piece sound as if they're playing for their lives atop a crumbling cliff, shouting joyfully into the wind, constantly reassessing their footing, and showing the simultaneous pleasure and negotiation required to survive as women and opponents of punk orthodoxy. Eight months prior to The Raincoats' release on Rough Trade, Margaret Thatcher became the U.K.'s first female prime minister, a moment that was naively heralded as a feminist win. Although the Raincoats didn't explicitly critique the country's political climate, they represented the disempowering futility of aping men to seize power, coining a unique musical language that rebelled against the male-dominated canon and its values. The Raincoats is complex and "nonlinear," as noted band scholar Jenn Pelly has described it, pitting discordant emotional experiences and sounds against one another. Rather than contradictory, the effect precisely encapsulates the messiness of being alive. —Laura Snapes (Contributor)
73. Astrud Gilberto
The Astrud Gilberto Album(Verve Records, 1965)
In the mid-1960s, Verve Records thought that a collaboration between Astrud Gilberto's husband Joao Gilberto and saxophonist Stan Getz would be what would jettison Brazilian bossa nova—which melded samba and jazz together—into the American popular consciousness. The Getz/Gilberto combo was a hit, but it was Astrud's voice — fragile, yet cool and sophisticated — singing "The Girl from Ipanema" that topped the charts and helped usher in a stateside Bossa Nova craze. Some thought her sound came from her poor grasp of English. In fact, she was fluent in both Portuguese and English, but she was asked to sing the English version of the "Girl from Ipanema" because her husband only spoke Portuguese (so the style is really more of a choice). Following the hit song, Verve then tested her star power by releasing The Astrud Gilberto Album; soon Gilberto's soft voice floated around suburban homes and swimming pools. In songs like "Once I Loved," Gilberto's voice is almost affectless as she sings "love is the saddest thing when it goes away" over violins, flute and delicate percussive sounds. Yet it's her understated delivery of these words that makes them all the more bittersweet. While Bossa Nova and Gilberto no longer top charts, songs from this album, including "Agua De Beber" and "Once I Loved" continue to stand the test of time, popping up in soundtracks of TV shows like Mad Men and films like Juno. —Laura Sydell (NPR Staff)
72. The Runaways
The Runaways (Mercury, 1976)
The Runaways is the sound of a handful of untested chemicals being poured into a beaker and exploding. It's the sound of a knee-high platform boot stomping down onto the top of a guitar amp, of a gang of warriors, of defiance. It's the sound of a band too good to last — a band so sure of its chops that it started its record with "Cherry Bomb," the first of many hits Joan Jett would help pen in her career, and refused to back down from there. Decades of documentaries, biopics and interviews have revealed just how much the group endured just to get into the studio and on stage, but damn if it wasn't already a chilling experience to listen to Cherie Currie wail about her "Secrets" and whisper back and forth with Jett on the album's final track, "Dead End Justice." From start to finish, The Runaways captures a band that tapped into the zeitgeist of its era with curiosity and passion, chugging power chords, snarls and screams. Though it was underappreciated when it was released, it captures a moment in quintessential '70s rock. —Andrea Swensson (Minnesota Public Radio)
71. Salt-N-Pepa
Blacks' Magic (London, 1990)
Blacks' Magic was Salt-N-Pepa's third album. In 1990, the Queens trio broke down the concept for the album as simply as the lyrics to the track of the same name: "We call this song "Black Magic" cuz it's a fact," they said. "Anything that's tragic relates to black. Coincidental? (No)." Racial politics played a role in the album, but what made Blacks' Magic a hit was a message of female empowerment — it was unabashedly sexual yet responsible. "All the ladies, louder now, let's talk about sex," the trio chanted on the certified gold song of the same name. Just a month later, Madonna would tour the country, dressed with her signature pointy bras, ferociously expressing herself. But Salt-N-Pepa was not rapping about letting go of your inhibitions: Blacks' Magic was a call for female equality, while tracks like "Independent" and "Expression" established them as rappers with credibility and sass. They no longer were the R&B crossovers doing covers. Blacks' Magic was an encapsulation of their sound and their voices — and everyone was listening. —Monika Evstatieva (NPR Staff)
Turning The Tables: The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women
150-141 | 140-131 | 130-121 | 120-111 | 110-101
100-91 | 90-81 | 80-71 | 70-61 | 60-51
50-41 | 40-31 | 30-21 | 20-11 | 10-1
Tammy Wynette


PETER JENSEN has brought a piece of Greenland to London's Dover Street Market - with a little help from friend and photographer Tim Walker. The pair have collaborated on a new installation inspired by Jensen's trip to Greenland earlier this year - when he was researching his autumn/winter 2009-10 collection - as the backdrop to a special capsule collection from the designer. "The first capsule range I made for the store sold really well and we've been able to add to that and offer loyal customers something they just can't buy anywhere else," says Jensen, adding: "Working with my friends at Dover Street Market and with Tim has been a fantastic opportunity to bring creativity and commerce together in an interesting and unique way." Including both menswear and womenswear, the collection features beaded knitwear, panelled wool dresses, a Greenland print designed in collaboration with Walker, as well as specially created items such as faux fur leggings. Two bespoke prints have also been created; a lady bird print by Jensen and a collage-style print of lady birds, moons and a child's handwriting by Walker.
See Peter Jensen and Tim Walker's Dover Street Market collaboration now.


text:
package core

import (
	"k8s.io/autoscaler/cluster-autoscaler/cloudprovider/oci/oci-go-sdk/v43/common"
	"net/http"
)

// GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest wrapper for the GetDrgRouteDistribution operation
//
// See also
//
// Click https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/tools/go-sdk-examples/latest/core/GetDrgRouteDistribution.go.html to see an example of how to use GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest.
type GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest struct {

	// The OCID (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/identifiers.htm) of the route distribution.
	DrgRouteDistributionId *string `mandatory:"true" contributesTo:"path" name:"drgRouteDistributionId"`

	// Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request.
	// If you need to contact Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID.
	OpcRequestId *string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"opc-request-id"`

	// Metadata about the request. This information will not be transmitted to the service, but
	// represents information that the SDK will consume to drive retry behavior.
	RequestMetadata common.RequestMetadata
}

func (request GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest) String() string {
	return common.PointerString(request)
}

// HTTPRequest implements the OCIRequest interface
func (request GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest) HTTPRequest(method, path string, binaryRequestBody *common.OCIReadSeekCloser) (http.Request, error) {

	return common.MakeDefaultHTTPRequestWithTaggedStruct(method, path, request)
}

// BinaryRequestBody implements the OCIRequest interface
func (request GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest) BinaryRequestBody() (*common.OCIReadSeekCloser, bool) {

	return nil, false

}

// RetryPolicy implements the OCIRetryableRequest interface. This retrieves the specified retry policy.
func (request GetDrgRouteDistributionRequest) RetryPolicy() *common.RetryPolicy {
	return request.RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy
}

// GetDrgRouteDistributionResponse wrapper for the GetDrgRouteDistribution operation
type GetDrgRouteDistributionResponse struct {

	// The underlying http response
	RawResponse *http.Response

	// The DrgRouteDistribution instance
	DrgRouteDistribution `presentIn:"body"`

	// For optimistic concurrency control. See `if-match`.
	Etag *string `presentIn:"header" name:"etag"`

	// Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. If you need to contact
	// Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID.
	OpcRequestId *string `presentIn:"header" name:"opc-request-id"`
}

func (response GetDrgRouteDistributionResponse) String() string {
	return common.PointerString(response)
}

// HTTPResponse implements the OCIResponse interface
func (response GetDrgRouteDistributionResponse) HTTPResponse() *http.Response {
	return response.RawResponse
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
No players picked in the first round of the Supplemental Draft
Jul 13, 2006 at 10:34 AM • --
According to Pro Football Talk, no players were selected during the first round of the Supplemental Draft.
Here's the order for the 2006 Supplemental Draft, which was scheduled to get underway at 1:00 p.m. EDT.
1. San Francisco
2. Houston
4. Green Bay
5. Detroit
6. Baltimore
7. New Orleans
8. Philadelphia
9. Buffalo
11. Cleveland
12. St. Louis
13. Oakland
14. New York Jets
15. Miami
16. San Diego
17. Kansas City
19. Atlanta
20. Dallas
21. Jacksonville
22. Cincinnati
23. Carolina
24. Seattle
25. New York Giants
26. Chicago
27. Tampa Bay
28. Indianapolis
29. Pittsburgh
31. New England
32. Denver
The order is determined via a weighted lottery based on the 2006 draft order. For each round, teams have ten minutes to decide whether to use a pick on a player. If two teams or more teams put in a claim on a player in a given round, the team with the highest priority gets the player.
The player most likely to be selected is former Virginia linebacker Ahmad Brooks. Since the 49ers have first priority and are one of the teams believed to be most interested (indeed, San Fran coach Mike Nolan was the only head coach present for Brooks' Pro Day workout), a team like the Giants or the Dolphins will have to predict when the Niners would make a move, and jump on Brooks one round earlier.
Using a pick in the Supplemental Draft results in a forfeiture of that pick in the April 2007 draft. Also, the team using a pick in a given round must actually hold the rights to the pick -- if the pick has already been traded away in a given round by the team, the team can't use a pick in that round for the Supplemental Draft.
John Lynch says 49ers could draft 1st-round QB but doesn't anticipate that 'right now,' expresses belief in Garoppolo
San Francisco 49ers general manager John Lynch spoke with Tim Kawakami of The Athletic this week and was once again asked about the team's quarterback situation. Now, this was all before the buzz surrounding Deshaun Watson's disappointment in the Houston Texans and the potential trade talk that ensued. Hence, the focus was on the possibility that the 49ers might look to the first round of the draft to bolster the quarterback position. Kawakami, as part of the interview on his podcast, The TK Show, asked Lynch if the 49ers might consider using their top pick on one of the highly-touted incoming rookie signal-callers. "We certainly could," Lynch responded while
By Brian Renick
49er fans have been spoiled by the Joe Montana and Steve Young eras. From 1981 (Montana's first year as a starter) to 1998 (Young's last full season), fans grew accustomed to having an MVP-level QB starting for their team each season. Every quarterback who has started for the Red and Gold since 1999 has been judged, fairly or not, against the success of those two legends. One year removed from a Super Bowl run, and after another season derailed by an injury, a majority of fans and 49ers' Twitter have determined that Jimmy Garoppolo is not the future. They have been clamoring for the team to trade up in the 2021 NFL Draft to get one of the top 4 QB prospects coming out of college: Trevor Lawrence from Clemson, Justin Fields from Ohio State, Zach Wilson from BYU, or Trey Lance
San Francisco 49ers defensive coordinator Robert Saleh is headed to the New York Jets. He's taking 49ers assistant coach Mike LaFleur with him to be his offensive coordinator. That's a significant loss for head coach Kyle Shanahan. There are a couple of silver linings for the 49ers. One, Shanahan feels the team has Saleh's replacement in place. Reports state that the team plans to promote linebackers coach DeMeco Ryans to replace Saleh as defensive


CINCINNATI – After returning to Cincinnati during a recent Reds road trip, Reds first baseman Joey Votto announced he has accepted a position as an air traffic controller.
The idea came to Votto during the first few days of being on the Reds disabled list for stress related issues. He reportedly completed an employment application at the Greater Cincinnati International Airport and accepted a job offer this week.
Before accepting the position Votto spent a day at the airport observing other air traffic controllers. "This looks like a dream job. There will not be thousands of people staring at me. Reds fans screamed like their lives depended on me. From what I observed, air atraffic control does not come with that kind of pressure. It's not 'life or death' everytime you go to work."
Before accepting his new position, Votto also used some of his time off to explore other potential professions such as firefighter, inner-city school teacher, and CEO of General Motors.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The special session of the 2020 Annual Meeting of Association for Computational Linguistics invites us to take stock of the progress made in the field in the last few years. There is no question that we have made significant progress in a range of applications: current machine translation systems for high-resource languages, for example, are undeniably better than those we had a decade ago. This opinion piece will focus on a different question: are we making progress towards the classic goal of mimicking human linguistic abilities in machines---towards a model that acquires language as efficiently as humans, and generalizes it as humans do to new structures and contexts (``tasks'')?

I will argue that an evaluation paradigm that has rapidly established itself as one of the main tools for measuring progress in the field---a paradigm I will term, for want of a catchier name, Pretraining-Agnostic Identically Distributed evaluation (PAID)---encourages progress in a direction that is at best orthogonal to the goal of human-like generalization. Because it does not consider sample efficiency, this approach rewards models that can be trained on massive amounts of data, several orders of magnitude more than a human can expect to be exposed to. And because benchmark scores are computed on test sets drawn from the same distribution as their respective training sets, this paradigm favors models that excel in capturing the statistical patterns of particular data sets over models that generalize as a human would.

\section{Human-like Generalization}
\label{sec:human}

Humans learn language from much more limited exposure than most contemporary NLP systems. An analysis of recordings taken in the environment of the child of an MIT professor between the ages of~9~and~24~months found that the child heard or produced approximately eight million words over this 15-month period \cite{roy2015predicting}. Children in lower socioeconomic status families in Western societies receive significantly less linguistic input than that (around 3 million words per year, \citealt{hart1995meaningful}); even more strikingly, members of the Tsimane community in Bolivia spend about 15~times less time per hour speaking to their children than do highly educated American families \cite{cristia2019child}. If NLP systems were as sample-efficient as Tsimane children, far fewer languages would be considered ``low-resource languages''.

Despite the limited amount of exposure to their language, humans generalize their linguistic knowledge in a consistent way to structures that are infrequent or non-existent in corpora  \cite{sprouse2013comparison}, and quickly learn to do new things with language (what we sometimes refer to in NLP as ``tasks''). As I discuss below, this is not the case for current deep learning systems: when tested on cases sampled from a distribution that differs from the one they were trained on, their behavior is unpredictable and inconsistent with that of humans \cite{jia2017adversarial,mccoy2019right}, and they require extensive instruction on each new task \cite{yogatama2019learning}. Humans' rapid and consistent generalization abilities rely on powerful inductive biases, which likely arise from a combination of innate building blocks and experience with diverse learning problems \cite{lake2017building}.

Systems that generalize like humans would be useful not only for NLP, but also for the scientific study of human language acquisition and processing \cite{keller2010cognitively,dupoux2018cognitive}. But, as I will argue in the next two sections, it is unclear whether our dominant evaluation paradigms are getting us closer to this goal.

\section{Pretraining-Agnostic Evaluation}

Over the last two years, deep learning systems have obtained rapidly increasing scores on language understanding benchmarks such as GLUE \cite{wang2019glue} or SuperGLUE \cite{superglue}. These benchmarks aggregate multiple supervised classification tasks---such as sentiment analysis, linguistic acceptability judgments, or entailment detection---and collate the scores obtained on those tasks into a leaderboard, with a single headline score for each model averaging its scores on each individual task. For each of these classification tasks, a data set that was generated by a particular process, often involving crowdsourcing, is randomly split into two: a training set, which the system is allowed to observe, and a held-out test set, on which it is evaluated.

A standard recipe has emerged for achieving high scores on such benchmarks. A neural network---typically, one based on the  transformer architecture \cite{vaswani2017attention}---is pretrained on a denoising objective, such as filling in one or more blanks in a vast number of sentences. This network is then fine-tuned (performs transfer learning) on the benchmark's supervised tasks, each of which include a much smaller number of training examples than the pretraining corpus \cite{howard2018universal,peters2018elmo}. The T5 model \cite{raffel2019exploring}---the system that boasted the highest score on SuperGLUE at the time of writing---achieved an average accuracy of 88.9\% on this benchmark, slightly lower than that of untrained human annotators (89.8\%), and more than 20 percentage points higher than the score obtained just a few months earlier by BERT \cite{devlin2019bert,superglue}. This jump in accuracy does not reflect significant modeling innovations: both BERT and T5 are transformers trained on similar objectives that differ primarily in their scale.

When ranking systems, leaderboards such as SuperGLUE do not take into account the amount of pretraining data provided to each model. Pretraining corpora are not standardized, and the amount of pretraining data is not always easy to discern from the papers reporting on such systems. Here is my attempt to reconstruct the recent evolution of pretraining corpus sizes.\footnote{Corpus sizes reported in massive-corpus pretraining papers are often specified in gigabytes, or number of model-specific subword units, instead of measures such as number of words that are easier to compare across articles. My estimates are based on an average English word length of 4.7~characters and a space or punctuation mark after each word.} BERT, uploaded to arXiv in October 2018, was trained on 3.3 billion words; \mbox{XLNet} (\citeauthor{yang2019xlnet}, June 2019), was trained on 78 GB of text, or approximately 13 billion words; RoBERTa (\citeauthor{liu2019roberta}, July 2019) was trained on 160~GB of text, or around 28~billion words; and T5 (\citeauthor{raffel2019exploring}, October 2019) was trained on  750~GB of text, or approximately 130~billion words.

When we rely on a single leaderboard to compare systems trained on corpora with such a large range of sizes, we are not comparing architectures, but rather interactions of architectures, corpus sizes, and computational resources available for training. While this may be a useful comparison for an engineer who seeks to plug an existing trained model into a larger pipeline, this approach is unlikely to advance us towards the goal advocated in this article. The 130 billion word corpus that T5 was trained on is much larger than the corpus that a human can expect to be exposed to before adulthood (fewer than 100~million words, see Section~\ref{sec:human}). But a leaderboard that evaluates only bottom-line transfer learning accuracy inherently disadvantages a sample-efficient model pretrained on a few dozen million words compared to a model such as T5. For all we know, it is possible that architectures rewarded by PAID, such as massive transformers, \textit{only} work well when given an amount of data that is orders of magnitude greater than that available to humans. If that is the case, our exploration of the space of possible models could be going in a direction that is orthogonal to the one that might lead us to models that can imitate humans' sample efficiency (one example of such direction is neural networks with explicit symbolic structure, which are harder to scale up, but perform well on smaller data sets: \citealt{kuncoro2018lstms,wilcox2019structural}).

\section{Identically Distributed Training Set and Test Set}

The remaining two letters of the PAID acronym refer to the practice of evaluating success on classification tasks using training and test set generated using the same process. Typically, a single data set is collected and is randomly split into a training portion and test portion. While this may seem reasonable from a machine learning perspective, it has become clear that this form of evaluation obscures possible mismatches between the generalizations that we as humans believe a system performing the task should acquire, and the generalizations that the system in fact extracts from the data.

Consider, for example, crowdsourced natural language inference (NLI) data sets, in which workers are asked to generate a sentence that contradicts the prompt shown to them \cite{bowman2015large}. One strategy that crowdworkers adopt when generating a contradiction is to simply negate the prompt, for example by inserting the word \textit{not}. This strategy is often effective: \textit{the man is sleeping} contradicts \textit{the man is not sleeping}. Conversely, it is much less likely that the worker would use the word \textit{not} when asked to generate a sentence that is entailed by the prompt. Taken together, such worker choices lead to a strong correlation between the presence of the word \textit{not} in the hypothesis and the label \textsc{contradiction}. It would be surprising if low-bias learners such as neural networks did not notice such a correlation, and indeed they do, leading them to respond \textsc{contradiction} with high probability any time the hypothesis contains a negation word \cite{gururangan2018annotation,poliak2018hypothesis}. Of course, relying on the presence of the word \textit{not} is not a generally valid inference strategy; for example, \textit{the man is awake} entails, rather than contradicts, \textit{the man is not sleeping}.

Numerous generalization issues of this sort have been documented, for NLI and for other tasks. In the syntactic domain, \citet{mccoy2019right} showed that BERT fine-tuned on the crowdsourced MultiNLI data set \cite{williams2018multinli} achieves high accuracy on the MultiNLI test set, but shows very little sensitivity to word order when tested on constructed examples that require an analysis of the structure of the sentence; for example, this model is likely to conclude that \textit{the detective followed the suspect} entails \textit{the suspect followed the detective}.

In short, the models, unable to discern the intentions of the data set's designers, happily recapitulate any statistical patterns they find in the training data. With a random training/test split, any correlation observed in the training set will hold approximately for the test set, and a system that learned it could achieve high test set accuracy. And indeed, we have models that excel in the PAID paradigm, even exceeding the performance of human annotators on the test portion of the corpus used for fine-tuning \cite{nangia2019bowman}, but, when tested on controlled examples, make mistakes that a human would rarely make.\footnote{Comparisons between human annotators and transformers are arguably unfair: before observing the test set, the models receive hundreds of thousands of examples of the output of the data-generating process. This contrasts with humans annotators, who need to perform the task based on their general language understanding skills. It would be an entertaining though somewhat cruel experiment to repeat the comparison after matching the amount of exposure that humans and pretrained transformers receive to the quirks of the data set.}

The generalizations that a statistical model extracts from the data are always the result of the interaction between the model's inductive biases and the statistical properties of the data set. In the case of BERT's insensitivity to word order in NLI, the model does not seem to have a strong inductive bias one way or another; its sensitivity to word order varies widely depending on the weight initialization of the fine-tuning classifier and the order of the fine-tuning examples \cite{mccoy2019berts}, and its syntactic behavior in the inference task can be made to be more consistent with human intuitions if the training set is augmented to include a larger number of examples illustrating the importance of word order \cite{min2020augmentation}. While BERT is capable of learning to use syntax for inference given a sufficiently strong signal, then, it prefers to use other heuristics, if possible. This contrasts with human-like generalization in this task, which would likely start from the assumption that any language understanding task should recruit our knowledge of syntax: it would most likely be difficult to convince humans to \textit{ignore} syntax when understanding a sentence, as BERT does.

\section{The Generalization Leaderboard}

What is the way forward? My goal is not to argue that there is no value to the leaderboard approach, where a single number or a small set of numbers can be used to quickly compare models. Despite the drawbacks of this approach---in particular, its tendency to obscure the fine-grained strengths and weaknesses of particular models, as I discuss below---hill climbing on a metric can enable a productive division of labor between groups that develop strong benchmarks, groups that propose new models and inference methods, and groups that have the engineering skills and computational resources necessary to train those models on the number of GPUs they require to thrive.

Instead, my argument is that the current division of labor is unproductive. At the risk of belaboring the mountaineering metaphor, one might say that groups with access to engineering and computing resources are climbing the PAID hill, while other groups, which document the same models' unreliable generalization behavior---or retrain them on smaller data sets to produce the learning curves that are often missing from engineering papers---are climbing the interpretability track hill, producing papers that are more and more sophisticated and well-respected but do not influence the trajectory of mainstream model development. This section describes some design decisions that can lead to better alignment between the two sets of research groups. Many of these points are not new---in fact, some of these properties were standard in evaluation paradigms 10 or 20 years ago---but are worth revisiting given recent evaluation trends.

\paragraph{Standard, moderately sized pretraining corpora.} To complement current evaluation approaches, we should develop standard metrics that promote sample efficiency. At a minimum, we should standardize the pretraining corpus across all models, as some CoNLL shared tasks do. Multiple leaderboards can be created that will measure performance on increasingly small subsets of this pretraining corpus size---including ones that are smaller than 100 million words. To make stronger contact with the human language acquisition literature, a leaderboard could compare models on their ability to learn various linguistic generalizations from the CHILDES repository of child-directed speech \cite{macwhinney2000tools}.

\paragraph{Independent evaluation in multiple languages.} A model can be sample-efficient for English, but not for other languages. We should ensure that our architectures, like humans learners, are not optimized for English \cite{bender2011achieving}. To do so, we should develop matched training corpora and benchmarks for multiple languages. A composite score could reflect average performance across languages \cite{hu2020xtreme}. In keeping with our goal of mimicking humans, who are known for their ability to learn any language without learning English first, we should train and test the models separately on each language, instead of focusing on transfer from English to other languages---an important, but distinct, research direction.

\paragraph{What about grounding?} In response to studies comparing training corpus sizes between deep learning models and humans (e.g., \citealt{vanschijndel2019quantity}), it is sometimes pointed out that humans do not  learn language from text alone---we also observe the world and interact with it. This, according to this argument, renders the comparison meaningless. While the observation that children learn from diverse sources of information is certainly correct, it is unclear whether any plausible amount of non-linguistic input could offset the difference between 50 million words (humans) and 130 billion words (T5). Instead of taking this observation as a \textit{carte blanche} to ignore sample efficiency, then, we should address it experimentally, by collecting multimodal data sets \cite{suhr2019nlvr2,hudson2018gqa}, developing models that learn from them efficiently, and using the Generalization Leaderboard to measure how effective this signal is in aligning the model's generalization behavior with that of humans.

\paragraph{Normative evaluation.} Performance metrics should be derived not from samples from the same distribution as the fine-tuning set, but from what we might term normative evaluation: expert-created controlled data sets that capture our intuitions about how an agent should perform the task \cite{marelli2014sick,marvinlinzen18,warstadt2019blimp,ettinger2020bert}. Such data sets should be designed to be difficult to solve using heuristics that ignore linguistic principles.  While experts are more expensive than crowdworkers, the payoff in terms of data set quality is likely to be considerable. In parallel, we should continue to explore approaches such as adversarial filtering that may limit crowdworkers' ability to resort to shortcuts \cite{zellers2018swag,nie2019adversarial}.

Normative evaluation is related to but distinct from adversarial evaluation. Adversarial attacks usually focus on a specific trained model, starting from an example that the model classifies correctly, and perturbing it in ways that, under the normative definition of the task, should not affect the classifier's decision. For example, adversarial evaluation for a given question answering system may take an existing instance from the data set, and find an irrelevant sentence that, when added to the paragraph  that the question is about, changes the system's response \cite{jia2017adversarial}.  By contrast, the goal of the normative evaluation paradigm is not to fool a particular system by exploiting its weaknesses, but simply to describe the desirable performance on the task in a unambiguous way.

\paragraph{Test-only benchmarks.} A central point that bears repeating is that we should not fine-tune our models on the evaluation benchmark. Despite our best efforts, we may never be able to create a benchmark that does not have unintended statistical regularities. Fine-tuning on the benchmark may clue the model into such unintended correlations \cite{liu2019inoculation}. Any pretrained model will still need to be taught how to perform the transfer task, of course, but this should be done using a separate data set, perhaps one of those that are currently aggregated in GLUE. Either way, the Generalization Leaderboard should favor models that, like humans, are able to perform tasks with minimal instruction (few-shot learning, \citealt{yogatama2019learning}).

\paragraph{What about efficiency?} The PAID paradigm is agnostic not only to pretraining resources, but also to properties of the model such as the number of parameters, the speed of inference, or the number of GPU hours required to train it. These implementational-level factors \cite{marr1982vision} are orthogonal to our generalization concerns, which are formulated at the level of input--output correspondence. If efficiency is a concern, however, such properties can be optimized directly by modifying pretraining-agnostic benchmarks to take them into account \cite{schwartz2019green}.

\paragraph{Breakdown by task and phenomenon.} Benchmarks should always provide a detailed breakdown of accuracy by task and linguistic phenomenon: a model that obtains mediocre average performance, but captures a particular phenomenon very well, can be of considerable interest. Discouragingly, even though GLUE reports such task-specific scores---and even includes diagnostic examples created by experts---these finer-grain results have failed to gain the same traction as the headline GLUE benchmark. Other than exhorting authors to pay greater attention to error analysis in particular and linguistics in general---granted, an exhortation without which no ACL position piece can be considered truly complete---we should insist, when reviewing papers, that authors include a complete breakdown by phenomenon as an appendix, and discuss noteworthy patterns in the results. For authors that strongly prefer that their paper include a headline number that is larger than numbers reported in previous work, the leaderboard could offer alternative headline metrics that would reward large gains in one category even when those are offset by small losses in others.

\section{Conclusion}

I have described the currently popular Pretraining-Agnostic Identically Distributed paradigm, which selects for models that can be  trained easily on an unlimited amount of data, and that excel in capturing arbitrary statistical patterns in a fine-tuning data set. While such models have considerable value in applications, I have advocated for a parallel evaluation ecosystem---complete with a leaderboard, if one will motivate progress---that will reward models for their ability to generalize in a human-like way. Human-like inductive biases will improve our models' ability to learn language structure and new tasks from limited data, and will align the models' generalization behavior more closely with human expectations, reducing the allure of superficial heuristics that do not follow linguistic structure, and the prevalence of adversarial examples, where changes to the input that are insignificant from a human perspective turn out to affect the network's behavior in an undesirable way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


They must apprehend you outside of the business So until they can prove that they followed all of these steps, they will not attempt an arrest. In either situation, the most important things to remember are to remain civil, calm and contact a lawyer as soon as possible. No matter what they say, no one is there to represent your interests unless it is your attorney.
Previous articleWhat Is First Notice Of Loss And Why Is It Important To Both Policy Holders And Insurers?


text:
Friends of Islington Museum
Museum Redevelopment Project
Bunhill Heritage
Collections Spotlight
Blog Post Bunhill Heritage Education Local History Projects
Bunhill Heritage, 1 Year On: A Preview of Coming Attractions
Post author By friendsofislingtonmuseum
No Comments on Bunhill Heritage, 1 Year On: A Preview of Coming Attractions
In 2022, Islington Heritage Service appointment printmaker Georgie Fay as the first Artist-Educator-in-Residence for Bunhill Heritage, a three-year community project that will see three different artists explore the rich history south Islington. Thanks to our local partner, St Luke's Community Centre, each artist receives a studio space for one year where they can focus on their own practice as well as their development of the project.
St Luke's Community Centre is a hub for all walks of life in south Islington with a very active range of older service users and a thriving number of families who regularly attend. Fascinated by this age spectrum, Georgie chose to explore the heritage of Bunhill with older residents and primary aged children, as well as forging great bonds with the Women's Multicultural Group. Georgie visited St Luke's C of E Primary School and City of London Primary Academy Islington (COLPAI) to deliver a series of workshops encouraging Year 4 pupils to explore community heritage through art and creativity. Each school visited Bunhill Fields and learned more about the many hundreds of years of history on their doorsteps. Pupils even got to use a real-life printing press, as printmaking is a large part of Bunhill's heritage. De La Rue printers, famous for printing bank notes, once had their offices on Bunhill Row.
Georgie's workshops were supported by a variety of engagement activities such as walks, talks, craft workshops and family activities which were open to all. Georgie gave six hours per month to the St Luke's Centre, where she got to know more of the staff and service users. In the past year, Bunhill Heritage has engaged with over 1,000 local people.
Throughout this time, Georgie has been working on her main goal: to create a work of public art that reflects the heritage of Bunhill. She did this with contributions and inspiration from the residents she worked with. Early in 2023, Islington Heritage will unveil Georgie's work in Bunhill Fields, supported by our partners at the City of London who own and manage the site. We are pleased to provide a preview of in-progress designs by Georgie.
Inspired by the many historic industries that once existed in this part of Islington, Georgie's artwork consists of printed banners of original artwork, suspended above ground in Bunhill Fields. The banners will hang from a metal ring reminiscent of a printing press wheel, suspended by ropes attached to the trees. Printmaking, ironmongery, and rope making were all industries in Bunhill between the 18th and 20th centuries.
The work of art will refer to more than just these three aspects of heritage, but we are pleased that these will feature prominently in the completed design. We look forward to unveiling the finished design early this year.
Tags bunhill, Bunhill Heritage, Children, Community, Learning, Local History, Projects
← Bunhill Heritage Year 3: Opportunity for Artist-Educator-in-Residence
Islington Museum
We tell the story of the London Borough of Islington through a creative programme of exhibitions & events for all ages.
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Available in two scents, this vanilla citrus massage oil comes in a handy packaging. It contains jojoba oil, almond oil, and apricot oil which help in cell renewal and enhance the softness of the skin. It also contains vitamin E which helps in restoring the elasticity of the skin. The consistency of the oil is slightly runny but it gets absorbed into the skin when massaged slightly. The other scent available in this oil is tranquil rose. The price is affordable.
The faint fragrance of vanilla with hints of citrus invigorate the mind and the body to give you a relaxed and fresh feeling. The price is an added advantage.
Made with organic Arnica, this massage oil is good for people who are looking to relax their sore muscles after a workout. It also contains sunflower seed oil, olive oil, rosemary and lavender oils which have a soothing effect. This oil is rich in consistency and has a warm effect on the skin. It moisturizes the skin and reduces stretch marks to a great extent. It is good for pregnant ladies too who want to avoid stretch marks. The price is moderate as compared to the quantity of the oil.
The Arnica extracts present in this oil heal the skin from the inside and make it look supple and soft. The sunflower oil contains vitamin E which protects the skin from aging.
Bath & Body Works is a popular grooming brand which is known for its unique fragrances. This eucalyptus and spearmint massage oil smells fresh and invigorates the senses. The quantity of this oil is great and the bottle will last for around 6-7 months if used once a week. You can also add this oil to your bath water for rejuvenating your skin cells every morning. The price is moderate as compared to other massage oils and the bottle lasts really long.
This clean and fresh scented oil will make you feel refreshed after a massage session or a bath. Make sure that you use only a few drops to your bath water. The quantity is great for the price.
If you are struggling to get rid of cellulite, this massage oil can help you get good results if you use it regularly. It contains grape seed oil, citrus oil, eucalyptus oil, and lemon extracts which firm and tone the skin. The oil penetrates deep into the skin and breaks down the unwanted fat to reduce cellulite. It also eliminates toxins from the body by reaching the lymph nodes under the skin. The price is higher than other massage oils but the quantity makes it worth it.
This oil is good for massaging the problem areas of the body if you want to control the cellulite as it has better penetrating power than regular massage oils.
If you are looking for a massage oil to spice up the things in the bedroom, this sensual massage oil contains sweet almond oil, jojoba oil, and orange oil which leave an arousing scent after the massage. It gets absorbed quickly into the skin and makes it feel so soft and smooth. The oil comes in a classy pump packaging which is easy to use. The price is high but you can get this product at a discount online.
The sweet scent of orange makes this oil perfect for a warm and sensual massage and its absorbed really well into the skin. The quantity and easy packing make it worth the high price.
Another anti-cellulite oil, this massage oil from Pure Body Naturals contains four essential oils of grapefruit, lemon, eucalyptus, and grapeseed which have anti-inflammatory properties and provide muscle relief. It firms and tightens the skin and helps get rid of cellulite by targeting the fat deposits in the problematic areas. The oil has diuretic properties and strengthens the vascular tissues by improving the blood circulation. The pump packaging is easy to use and the price is moderate.
This oil is very light and has a clear consistency with a soothing fragrance. The essential oils help in burning unwanted fat and keep cellulite under control.
Available in five scents to choose from, this massage oil is very hydrating for the skin and restores its elasticity and radiance. It comes in a pump packaging which is compact and easy to use. The consistency of the oil is very light so you can use it as a facial moisturizer too for dry skin but make sure that you use a very little quantity as it can lead to a breakout. The oil contains shea butter, avocado oil, sweet almond oil, and hemp. It has a sweet fragrance. The price is moderate as compared to the quantity.
The fragrance of this oil is very good and it absorbs well into the skin without leaving any greasiness. It moisturizes the skin and keeps it protected from early signs of aging.
Made with organic sesame oil, this massage oil has a warm texture that blends into the skin when massaged properly. It has a light nutty scent which is neither too mild nor too strong. The consistency is thicker than other oils so it can also be used for a deep tissue massage. It works well for dry and irritated skin with its moisturizing and soothing properties. The plastic packaging is compact and lightweight. The price is affordable.
Sesame oil is great for the skin and has healing properties to reverse the skin damage. This oil is good for deep tissue massages as it has a heavier consistency.
Choose from coconut oil, castor oil, sesame oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, or sweet almond oil as these oils are known for their nourishing and therapeutic properties. Get a massage oil which is neither too thick nor too runny. The fragrance of the oil should be soothing and light. It should get absorbed easily into the skin.
The bottle of the oil should be lightweight and must have a pump so that you can take the oil easily while massaging. Glass bottles can get damaged or break if you handle them with greasy hands so plastic bottles are preferable. Go for a small compact bottle which is easy to handle. You can also buy a spray bottle of oil for better coverage but only if the consistency of the oil is thin.
You can get a good massage oil in the range of 5$ to 40$ depending on the constituents of the oil. Some oils are more expensive than the others but they offer more benefits than cheaper massage oils. Make sure that you invest in the right oil which is suited for your skin.
Reading customer reviews of the massage oil you are planning to buy can help you get an idea of the benefits of the oil. You can also ask your salon about their recommendations for a good massage oil. You can share any of your queries and concerns with the online community to solve all your doubts about the product.
Do not ingest any oil meant for only massage as the formulations for an edible oil and a massage oil are very different from each other.
Keep the massage oil bottle closed tightly to avoid any spillage due to the movement of the body. Using a plastic bottle instead of a glass bottle is advisable.
Make sure that you buy an oil which gets easily absorbed into the skin as other oils can leave stains on the clothes and bed sheets.
Warming the oil a little bit before using enhances its penetrating power and relaxes sore muscles.
Mixing up two or three oils to get a blend of massage oils has more benefits than using single oil. Make sure that the blend has oils which complement each other.
Massage the pulse points of the body with the oil to improve the blood circulation in the body and muscle relaxation.
So these are ten of the most popular massage oils available in the market which are known for their benefits. These oils relieve your tiredness and improve blood circulation in the body to make you feel rejuvenated and fresh. Choose the oil which has a calming scent and moisturizes your skin efficiently by penetrating the tissues. Use this buyer guide to find the right massage oil for a weekend home pampering session.
I heard about Aromatherapy oils and essential oils. I want to know what is the difference?
They are similar but not the same. Aromatherapy oils can be diluted but essential oils can't be diluted. Mostly, Aromatherapy oils are used for massage oil. The beginners in massage often misunderstand.
I wonder if I can use massage oil for my 6 moth baby?
It's good to do soft massage to your baby. But you have to notice and use light oil not strong types of oil on your baby skin. However, Olive oil is good for baby massage because it works in hot and cold weather. Do you know more? Massage is good for baby health which make muscle strong and improve bones.
Life-Flo Organic Pure Sesame Oil is my favorite!


'The Night Nurse' by Louise Wade - read the full script on-line.
Greg wakes up in a hospital bed, and Ralph the night nurse tells him he's been in a road accident. But Greg notices things are a little odd, and it all comes to a head when he meets the day nurse, Raymond, who looks very familiar.
Cast: 2M. Estimated run time: 26 minutes.


text:
Over Now est une chanson du groupe de rock américain Alice in Chains, sortie en single en 1996 chez Columbia. Le single est sorti dans le but de promouvoir l'album live Unplugged, qui est sorti le . L'auteur du texte de la chanson est un guitariste Jerry Cantrell, qui, avec Sean Kinney, est aussi le compositeur. Cantrell chante également des voix principales dans la chanson.

La chanson est apparue d'abord sur l'album éponyme sorti en 1995 comme la dernière piste. Il dure 7 minutes et 4 secondes, c'est la seconde composition la plus longue de l'album avec Frogs (8:20) et Sludge Factory (7:15). La version Unplugged de la chanson est apparue plus tard sur les compilations Music Bank (1999) et The Essential Alice in Chains (2006).

Paroles et musique
Composé de la même manière que pour Heaven Beside You, il est caractérisé par le fait que le chanteur sur la piste est mené presque entièrement par le guitariste Jerry Cantrell. Les lignes vocales harmonisées Staley-Cantrell, se produisent exclusivement que dans les chœurs. Bien que ce soit Cantrell qui ait écrit les paroles sur une relation qui a échoué, de nombreux fans ont vu l'annonce de la fin du groupe par un titre qu'on peut traduire par « la fin ».

La chanson commence par quarante secondes d'introduction avec un son sale de type radio dans lequel on peut entendre la mélodie de Good Night de Ted Lewis. Ensuite, la chanson va vers un son plus propre joué à la guitare acoustique et on peut entendre la guitare électrique plus tard, chanté principalement par Cantrell. Les lignes vocales harmonisées Staley-Cantrell apparaissent dans le refrain de la chanson. Après le deuxième couplet et le refrain, suivie d'un ralentissement momentané dans la chanson. Ensuite, la composition revient à son son original avec le début de la troisième strophe. Après le chœur, la chanson ralentit à nouveau, alors on peut entendre un solo de guitare électrique qui conclut la chanson.

Cantrell a parlé de la chanson dans une interview avec Request Magazine en  :

C'est à propos du groupe. Il s'agit de la rupture qui a eu lieu entre nous. Ces lignes  (« Pouvez-vous vous tenir ici et me regarder dans les yeux et me dire que c'est fini ? »). Nous ne pouvions pas, quand cela se résumait à cela. Même si cela s'est terminé aujourd'hui, j'aime les gars de ce groupe, même si nous n'avons plus jamais enregistré. Je serais triste, mais si cela se résumait à l'endroit où cela nous tue et que nous nous éloignons trop ... C'est comme cette ligne :  (« Quand tout est épuisé, je préfère m'en passer »).</blockquote>

Et Sean Kinney a ajouté :
Ouais, la dernière chose que nous voudrions faire est de nous tomber sur le visage devant 30 000 personnes chaque soir. Nous ne voulions pas finir comme le gros Elvis, dopé de pilules, pleurer sur scène à Vegas.

Réception
Le single de la chanson est sorti en 1996, la version studio du titre ne rentre pas dans les charts mais la version unplugged, enregistrée lors d'un concert MTV Unplugged le , elle a atteint la quatrième place du Mainstream Rock Tracks et vingt-quatrième place du Modern Rock Tracks. Steve Huey de Allmusic décrit la composition comme « l'une des meilleures réalisations du groupe ».

Composition du groupe pour l'enregistrement
Alice in Chains

 Jerry Cantrell : chant,guitare solo, guitare rythmique
 Layne Staley : chœurs
 Sean Kinney : batterie
 Mike Inez : guitare basse, chœurs

Production
 Enregistrement : de avril à  à Bad Animals studio, à Seattle
 Producteur : Toby Wright
 Mixage : Toby Wright au Electric Lady Studios, New York
 Mastering : Stephen Marcussen à Marcussen Mastering Studio, Hollywood
 Ingénieur du son : Tom Nellen
 Assistant ingénieur du son : Sam Hofstedt
 Direction artistique : Marie Maurer
 Conception : Doug Erb
 Gestion : Susan Silver
 Arrangement : Jerry Cantrell, Sean Kinney
 Paroles : Jerry Cantrell

Classements hebdomadaires

Notes et références

Chanson interprétée par Alice in Chains
Single musical sorti en 1996
Single publié par Columbia Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Coach Jack Del Rio warned not to attach too much significance to the Raiders' first depth chart, but it's worth noting that when it was released Monday, Khalil Mack was listed as a defensive end and not a strongside linebacker.
Mack has spent much of training camp with his hand on the ground, with Del Rio and defensive coordinator Ken Norton Jr. promising to allow him to do what he does best — rush the passer.
Although listed at 6-foot-3, 250 pounds, Mack said in an offseason interview with 95.7 that he had put on 15 to 20 pounds muscle and was actually closer to 270.
As a rookie, Mack had just four sacks but according to some statistical services ranked among the NFL leaders in quarterback pressures and hits. His 11.5 "stuffs," a term used for tackles made for no gain or a loss on running plays, was second to Houston's J.J. Watt.
Mack actually lined up as a rush end in almost half of the Raiders' defensive snaps last season, as he moved from strongside linebacker in the nickel defense on pass rushing downs.
The Raiders initial depth chart, which Del Rio joked Sunday would be compiled by the media relations director, listed Ray-Ray Armstrong as the No. 1 strongside linebacker and Malcolm Smith as the first-team weakside linebacker.
Browns: The team is awaiting further medical tests on Joe Thomas, its ultra-durable Pro Bowl left offensive tackle who injured his right leg when massive rookie nose tackle Danny Shelton inadvertently rolled up on it during an 11-on-11 drill.
Browns coach Mike Pettine doesn't think the injury is serious but said Thomas would undergo more "normal" testing. Thomas has never missed a play in his eight-year NFL career.
Ravens: Wide receiver Steve Smith says he will retire at the end of the 2015 season, his 15th in the NFL. The five-time Pro Bowler, 36, played the first 13 seasons of his career with Carolina. He is the Panthers' all-time leading receiver.
Patriots: Still unsure of the status of Tom Brady and with the exhibition opener coming up, New England released former Raiders quarterback Matt Flynn and signed Ryan Lindley to replace him as the team's third-stringer.
Packers: Star linebacker Clay Matthews returned to practice after missing all of last week with what coach Mike McCarthy said was knee soreness.
Jets: New York placed safety Antonio Allen on the season-ending injured reserve list and activated defensive lineman Kevin Vickerson from the active/physically unable to perform list. Allen tore an Achilles tendon during practice last Thursday.
Washington: The lawyer for linebacker Junior Galette says a civil suit against the player has been dismissed. Galette was arrested in January in Louisiana after an alleged domestic dispute with a woman. Charges were dropped, but the episode remains under review by the league.
Staff writer Jerry McDonald and The Associated Press contributed to this report.


MDL Marinas has today announced that Lesley Robinson will join the company as managing director in early November. According to MDL, Lesley is an experienced business leader with a strong commercial, customer-focused and financial background.
Lesley has operated at director level in the leisure, fast-moving consumer goods, media and technology industries both internationally and in the UK. She will be joining MDL from her most recent role as a director at the Money Advice Service and will be relocating to the Hamble area.
This news comes after the marina's recent announcement at the end of August that they will be showcasing 'unmissable long-term berthing opportunities' at MDL's Italian facility, Marina di Stabia, during this year's Southampton Boat Show.
For more information, visit MDL Marinas.


Born in Dublin. Educated O'Connell Schools, Dublin. Joined Gaelic League in 1989. Member Dublin Corporation (1906-24). Founder member of Sinn Fein and the Irish Volunteers. Staff-Captain in the GPO during the Easter Rising of 1916 and interned. Elected for Dublin to the first Dail Eireann (1918). Elected Ceann Comhairle (Chairman of the Dail) on 21st January 1919. Member of the Dail (1918-45). Rejected the Anglo Irish Treaty 1921. Founder member of Fianna Fail. Vice-President of Executive Council (Government) (1932-38), Minister for Local Government and Public Health (1932-39), Tanaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) (1937-45) and Minister for Finance (1939-45). President of Ireland (1945-59).


I would love to help you with your questions. There are so many choices! You are welcome to call and talk to me to ensure your order is correct or simply order in my shopping on-line section and I'll call you if anything seems unclear. Or fill out the info below with your question and I will get back to you.


Van Horn (2-10): Hernandez 10 3-3 25, Kapono 3 2-2 9, Driskell 2 3-3 7, McNally 1 0-0 3, Davis 1 0-0 3, Thomas 2 0-1 4, Hood 0 2-2 2. Totals 19 10-11 53.
El Dorado Springs: D. Hooper 4 8-10 16, Hoover 4 2-2 12, Alumbaugh 3 3-4 9, Bruggeman 4 1-2 9, Norval 2 2-2 7, C. Hooper 1 1-3 3, Jones 1 0-0 2. Totals 19 17-23 58.
Three-point goals: Hernandez 2, McNally, Kapono, Davis, Hoover 2, Norval. Total fouls: Van Horn 18, El Dorado Springs 19. Fouled: Kapono, Hoover.
Lincoln Prep: Conway 2 1-1 7, Blanton 5 1-6 11, Atkins 10 6-8 26, Woods 1 2-6 4, Germany 1 0-0 2, Williams 0 0-0 0, Anderson 1 1-3 3, Ramsey 1 0-0 2, Murry 0 0-0 0. Totals 21 11-27 55.
Grain Valley (12-4): Bundren 3 9-13 16, Broughton 2 2-4 7, Lipps 5 2-2 14, Mead 3 5-6 11, Johnson 0 1-3 1, Wilson 2 3-4 5, Robb 1 0-0 2, Readshaw 1 2-6 4, Yates 0 2-5 2. Totals 17 26-43 62.
Three-point goals: Conway 2, Bundren, Broughton, Lipps 2. Total fouls: Lincoln Prep 31, Grain Valley 18. Fouled out: Conway, Atkins, Germany, Anderson, Mead.


text:
Between medical costs, food, seniors find it harder to make rent in Portland
Updated Jan 09, 2019; Posted May 26, 2017
Veterans Administration housing voucher helps Duane Warner
Gallery: Veterans Administration housing voucher helps Duane Warner
By Molly Harbarger | The Oregonian/OregonLive
Bobby Weinstock receives 80 calls a week from senior citizens panicked that they might lose their homes.
Some are facing rent hikes or evictions, others have unexpected expenses pop up. Almost all are 55 years or older, watching their Social Security or disability payments eaten up by Portland's relentlessly rising rents.
They are some of the city's lowest income residents. And the problem will likely only get worse as more baby boomers retire with few to no assets other than their federal disbursements.
Portland and Multnomah County have few solutions tailored to their unique circumstances, but Weinstock hopes to change that.
He's trying to launch a test program to provide long-term vouchers to about 50 people on fixed incomes to help them cover their rent so they can stay in their apartment or move directly into a new one if they're homeless.
He's seeking a year's funding of $350,000 to start, but envisions an expansion to $7.6 million a year to cover 1,000 people if successful. It could possibly help people not just on fixed incomes, but families with children or homeless youths.
"If we're not able to figure out how to close the gap we're going to see increased homelessness," said Weinstock, who works for Northwest Pilot Project. The nonprofit helps seniors find housing.
Half the start-up money is included in Multnomah County Chairwoman Deborah Kafoury's budget proposal for fiscal year 2017-2018. Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler has yet to determine which programs he wants to fund in his proposed budget.
Over the past 12 years, Social Security payments have lagged significantly behind the rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Portland. They were about equal in 2005. Now, the same apartment is upwards of $1,000 a month while Social Security payments have increased to only about $733 a month, according to federal and county data.
That leaves many seniors finding that they just aren't going to earn enough to bridge the gap between what they make and what they owe until Portland's housing crisis wanes. Even those who live in tax-credit subsidized housing, which means the units rent at 60 percent of median area income, are struggling to stay in their homes.
There also are no shelters in Multnomah County specifically for senior citizens, though they and people with disabilities get priority in some shelters -- and are using them more than ever. In fiscal 2015, 885 seniors were housed in shelters. In the first three quarters of fiscal 2016, the number rose to 948 seniors.
Partly that's because the number of shelter beds across the county increased. Partly it's because more seniors are becoming homeless. Between 2013 and 2015, there was a 23 percent jump, according to the 2015 county survey of homeless people.
The number of people with disabilities also remains high -- at more than half the homeless population and likely higher, Multnomah County officials say, because many people don't report mental health issues.
Weinstock said the gap program could prove much cheaper in the long run, even if people need help for three or more years, than funding more shelter space.
He estimates a cost of $7,000 a year to keep seniors in their homes or find houses for homeless seniors compared to $8,000 to $10,000 for a publicly funded shelter bed, which can jump to $20,000 for older or disabled people who need more health and transportation help, according to Multnomah County figures.
The proposal, though, isn't a done deal.
At a recent county budget work session, Commissioner Loretta Smith said she was hesitant about creating what amounts to a county-funded subsidy program similar to federal Section 8 housing vouchers because it will have to remain a priority well beyond one year.
"We're going to have to keep continuing to fund this knowing that our dollars are going to get shorter and smaller," Smith said, because rents are expected to continue rising.
Marc Jolin, director of the city-county Joint Office of Homeless Services, agreed, but also stressed that long-term rent assistance is the most requested innovation by service providers, community members and elected officials.
Both the city and county will adopt their budgets by July 1, determining if the pilot project moves forward.
Medical expenses, food and rent become impossible
Similar gap programs have become among the most successful tools in combatting homelessness nationwide, Weinstock said -- used in Chicago, New York and other large metropolitan areas.
Versions of the model have worked with other populations in Portland, namely veterans and people displaced by gentrification.
Mayereta Penton, 80, had no idea where she would go if she couldn't pay the $1,085 rent on her one-bedroom apartment at Crown Royal Apartments. Her sole income is $1,200 in monthly Social Security payments.
She has sickle-cell anemia and rheumatoid arthritis, underwent thyroid surgery and lung surgery and just came home after two back surgeries that required a period of rehabilitation at a hospital. She takes many pills, some of which cost more than $100 per pill, so she was rotating which ones she refilled to set aside money to make her rent.
Penton had started seeing her love for fresh vegetables as a luxury.
"I don't have anybody else and I was thinking, what on earth am I going to do?" Penton said.
A friend at church heard about her problems and suggested she call the Urban League, which connected her to a program largely funded through the Meyer Memorial Trust and run by Weinstock's agency that aims to stop the displacement of seniors and people of color in Portland.
Weinstock got Penton a Section 8 voucher that reduces how much she owes each month and asked whether she wanted to use it to look for a more affordable place or stay where she was.
Penton couldn't find an apartment in Portland or Gresham under $900. She uses special public transportation including TriMet's Lift buses. She tries not to rely on her walker, but her mobility issues mean she needs a ground-floor apartment, which are usually more expensive.
But Penton also wanted to stay in her apartment. She's lived in the same area for 12 years -- starting in a three-bedroom unit across the street for $250 per month. Total.
Three years ago, her daughter married and moved out, and Penton downsized to her one-bedroom that's now more than four times the price of her original, bigger apartment.
Her daughter lives near Troutdale and has her own health issues, so Penton often depends on the relationships she's built with neighbors as a safety net. A couple of professors live next door and check on her, cooking or washing dishes when Penton was laid up after surgery.
An upstairs couple comes down to knock on her door if they haven't heard her moving about in a few days. She even has befriended a rotating cast of college students at the other end of her complex.
Penton is unlikely to ever be able to pay for rent in Portland again without help. Social Security income isn't expected to rise and rents aren't expected to lower significantly any time soon. Without this program, she might have to move so far away from her daughter and doctors that she'd be isolated, since she can't drive.
"It's unbelievably hard for people," Penton said of her choices before her voucher. "It doesn't matter how much you'd saved when you were young."
No assets, no problem
Weinstock also wants to pull ideas from the federally funded veterans housing initiative.
Portland was the first city on the West Coast to declare that it effectively ended homelessness for veterans -- meaning that if a homeless veteran wants housing, there is a path to obtain it. They are a top priority for shelter space and open affordable housing units.
The program was part of an Obama-era national push, with millions of federal dollars available for veterans housing and social services. Veterans get vouchers that make sure they aren't spending more than 30 percent of their income on housing, which is the federal guideline for affordable housing.
The veterans initiative allows the voucher holder to move around and not have to worry about starting the social services system from scratch in a new state.
Duane Warner received a voucher in 2010 after surgery for a hernia ended his construction career. Warner had no assets after a largely nomadic life, working odd jobs to pay for his ramblings around the country. He also had a heroin addiction that left him on the street when he was younger before he sobered up in 2003 and picked up construction jobs.
After surgery, the local Veterans Administration office helped Warner get a housing voucher through the federal program that he used to rent a one-bedroom in Lynnwood, close to his son and four grandsons in Washington.
His veterans pension payment of $1,074 per month wasn't enough to cover his $740 rent and still pay for his food and expenses, even though the apartment was supposed to be affordable.
His two granddaughters in Portland convinced him to move closer to them as they finish high school. He notified the local housing authority 20 days before his planned move and traveled to Portland.
He lived in a shelter for nearly a month while waiting for his voucher to transfer. Once it arrived, he started looking for apartments. He found a place in a senior living building in Northeast Portland. The apartment building is part of a small rental complex with mixed-income housing in other buildings. It's quiet and clean. The monthly rent is $900, but he pays only a third of that and his voucher covers the rest.
At 64, Warner is grateful for the peace after spending years living in places with crime and drug issues.
His one-bedroom apartment was empty of furniture for a few weeks as he spent most of his time visiting his family and running errands, but he planned to pick up a living room set from a donation center and hoped to find a DVD player after his neighbor gave him a box of used movies.
"If I didn't have this, I'd be out there with them," he said, motioning out his second-story window to some tents along the right-of-way of an Interstate 84 overpass. "I'm too old to be out on the streets anymore."
-- Molly Harbarger
mharbarger@oregonian.com
@MollyHarbarger