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Radical feminism
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We can further understand such differences by looking more extensively at that political position known as radical feminism. In part, radical feminism was created by women who had been active in NOW and were dissatisfied with what they perceived of as NOW's conservatism. Thus in 1967 at the annual meeting of NOW subsequent to the one in which the above demands were formulated, a group of New York women allied with Ti-Grace Atkinson left NOW and subsequently formed an early radical feminist organisation, "The October 17th Movement," later called "The Feminists.'' Radical feminism was to a large extent also constituted by women whose previous political activity had been in the diverse organisations of the New Left. This was the case, for example, with such women as Shulamith Firestone and Jo Freeman, who founded an early radical feminist organisation, Radical Women, in New York City in the fall of 1967. These two women, with others, had earlier presented a series of women's demands to a New Left conference, the National Conference for a New Politics, in the spring of that year. None of the demands were taken seriously, causing them to begin thinking about the necessity of separate women's organisations outside existing groups.
The early organisers of radical feminism shared with the rest of the New Left a belief in the systemic nature of much of political injustice. Thus when these women began to perceive the situation of women as representing a case of this injustice, they employed the adjective "radical" to describe their stance. It signified a commitment to look for root causes. Radical feminists viewed the activities of women who had been involved in NOW or other existing business and professional women's organisations as "reformist," helpful and necessary but fundamentally inconsequential. This view stemmed both from a belief that the criticisms liberal feminism made of relations between women and men in both domestic and non-domestic life did not go far enough, and also, from a belief that liberal feminism had no sense of the importance of gender, and the social relations of domestic life, in structuring all social life. For radical feminism, liberal feminism's belief in the power of the law to remedy inequalities between women and men testified to a lack of insight into the fundamentality of the "sex-role system," those practices and institutions which were important in creating and maintaining sex-role differences. Of particular importance was the family, for it was here that biological men and women learned the cultural constituents of masculinity and femininity, and learned about the fundamental differences of power which, according to radical feminism, were a necessary component of both. A quotation from a manifesto of New York Radical Feminists illustrates the political position:
Radical feminism recognises the oppression of women as a fundamental political oppression wherein women are categorised as an inferior class based upon their sex. It is the aim of radical feminism to organise politically to destroy this sex class system.
As radical feminists we recognise that we are engaged in a power struggle with men, and that the agent of our suppression is man insofar as he identifies with and carries out the supremacy privileges of the male role. For while we realize that the liberation of women will ultimately mean the liberation of men from their destructive role as oppressor, we have no illusion that men will welcome this liberation without a struggle....
The oppression of women is manifested in particular institutions, constituted and maintained to keep women in their place. Among these are the institutions of marriage, motherhood, love and sexual intercourse (the family unit is incorporated by the above).
In sum, for radical feminism, women's inferior political and economic status were mere symptoms of a more fundamental problem: an inferior status and lack of power built into the role of femininity. Radical feminism challenged prevailing beliefs that the constituents of this role, such as women's abilities and interests in child-rearing or lack of assertiveness or even the content of women's sexual interests, were "natural." Rather the argument was made that all but certain limited biological differences between women and men were cultural. The constituents of the sex-role system were social constructions, and more important, such constructions were fundamentally antithetical to the interests of women. The norms embodied in femininity discouraged women from developing their intellectual, artistic, and physical capacities. It dissuaded women from thinking of themselves and from being thought of by others as autonomous agents. Whereas "masculinity" embodied certain traits associated with adulthood, such as physical strength, rationality, and emotional control, "femininity," in part embodied traits associated with childhood, such as weakness and irrationality. The norms of femininity created an emphasis in women's lives on achieving the roles of wife and mother whose outcome was a comparable imbalance between men and women in economic and emotional autonomy. Moreover, while the norms embodied in femininity often worked against women, the norms embodied in masculinity served to create many unattractive beings, those who too frequently were aggressive, selfish, instrumental in their dealings with others, and unskilled in the arts of nurturance and caring. The source of the problem, according to radical feminism, was to be found in the home and family, where girls and boys received their initial and most primary lessons on the differences between the sexes and where adult women and men played out the lessons that they learned. The lessons of gender differences learned and practiced in the home were in turn transferred to the outside world when women did leave the home. Thus when women took paid employment, they replicated and were expected to replicate the practices and inferior status of women which were a part of the home. In sum, according to radical feminism, the inferior status of women as political or economic beings was merely the symptom of a problem whose roots were to be located elsewhere.
Radical feminism also generated new forms of political organising. Organisations such as NOW, WEAL, BPW had engaged in traditional political means to improve women's status. Such groups sent telegrams and lobbied in Congress. Members of NOW sometimes marched or demonstrated. The primary intent of such actions was to bring about changes within the law. While radical feminists also marched and demonstrated, the intent of the action was not always the same. The point was not necessarily to change people's thinking so that they might vote differently but sometimes to change people's thinking so that they might live differently. This conception of political organising was embodied in the phrase "consciousness-raising." In the early years of radical feminism, this was occasionally attempted through street theatre, itself a practice carried out within the New Left. This tactic was employed in Atlantic City in the fall of 1968 at an event which first brought "Women's Lib" to national attention. The New York Radical Women demonstrated outside the Miss America contest, crowning a sheep "Miss America" and throwing such feminine articles of clothing as bras, girdles, curlers, false eyelashes, and wigs into a "Freedom Trash Can."" It was from this event that the media's description of "Women's Lib" as "bra-burners" was generated. The more prevalent form that consciousness-raising took within the early years of "Women's Lib" was small-group discussion. Women came together to discuss the implications of gender in their own lives, which included its personal as well as its political and economic components. What is notable about such groups is that they expressed, and were consciously designed to express, a political statement in their very purpose. The attention that radical feminists gave to the dynamics of personal relations was accompanied by a belief that attention to feelings and personal experience was a necessary condition for eliminating the present sex-role system. Since the components of that system were embedded in deep and complex ways in daily life experience, it was only through careful examination of that experience that the multiple manifestations of gender could be understood and thus changed.
This attention to "personal experience" had immense significance for the direction contemporary American feminism has taken. On a practical level it entailed a rethinking of the nature of social change. On a theoretical level it entailed anew focus on the family as a central institution in structuring social life. To be sure, radical feminism was not the first social movement to devote attention to the family and personal life. Psychoanalytic theory has also been concerned with both the family and sexuality. For many radical feminists, however, much of psychoanalytic theory appeared to reflect uncritically prevalent assumptions concerning gender. For example, psychoanalytic theory did not question the dominant position that men played within the family or within society at large. It often assumed the universal existence of the family type which prevailed in the middle classes in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Western society. In short, psychoanalytic theory did not treat the family as a social institution whose dynamics might be susceptible to criticism and possible change; it did not address the family and gender relations in political terms.'
Thus the initial task which faced early radical feminist thinkers was that of creating a theory which both treated the family as a social institution and recognised its centrality in structuring social life as a whole. Thus if for liberalism the state, or public law, has been seen as possessing priority in structuring social life, and if in certain interpretations of Marxism the economy, or sphere of production, has been viewed as the base from which might be explained all other social phenomena, so for radical feminism the family, sometimes described as the sphere of "reproduction," occupies an analogous role. This point was made explicit by Shulamith Firestone, one of the early radical feminist theorists, in her rewriting of Engels:
Historical materialism is that view of the course of history which seeks the ultimate course and the great moving power of all historic events in the dialectic of sex: the division of society into two distinct biological classes for procreative reproduction, and the struggles of these classes with one another; in the changes in the modes of marriage, reproduction and childcare created by these struggles; in the connected development of other physically differentiated classes (castes); and in the first division of labor based on sex which developed into the (economic-cultural) class system.'
An important problem with Firestone's argument, which surfaces in much, and particularly early, radical feminist writing, is a tendency to resort to biology to ground the analysis. In Firestone's case this tendency manifests itself in her claim that the ultimate causes of women's oppression are biological differences between women and men. That women bear and nurse children makes necessary a basic family form in which women are fundamentally dependent on others in a way in which men are not. This power imbalance between women as a class and men as a class is replicated by a similar imbalance between children and adults. From such biologically based imbalances result the imbalances of power which have marked all human societies. However, for Firestone, biology need not be destiny. Technological developments in the reproduction of children conjoined with cultural changes in child-rearing would end the so far universal "tyranny of the biological family."
As many critics have pointed out, Firestone's account suffers from the obvious problem of ahistoricity. That we associate child-bearing or child-rearing with dependence and devalue those who perform such tasks need not imply that all other societies make or have made similar associations. Similarly, Firestone's account seems to project onto all societies a modem Western nuclear type of family with a certain gender division of labor. This projection seems allied with her association of child-bearing and child-rearing with dependence. If we abstract from our own nuclear family, where individual women are often dependent on individual men, to different family forms with different divisions of labor, then it is easy to see that a pregnant or lactating woman need be no more dependent on a larger social group than any other member of that group. To respond here that any other member possesses a greater possibility of leaving that group because of a greater ease in existing self-sufficiently is to belie both the social nature of human existence and the fact that women are as capable of forsaking children as men.
These problems in Firestone's account bear explicating only because they reflect methodological problems prevalent in radical feminist theory. Within the larger body of that theory there has been a tendency to create transhistorical descriptions and explanations and at times to resort to biology. As Heidi Hartmann notes, the radical feminist emphasis on psychology tends to blind it to history.' Also, the inclination to articulate a transcultural perspective follows from the need to create a theory which will explain the universal phenomenon of female oppression. The emphasis on biology is connected with this need and also with the radical feminist focus on the family, as the family tends to be viewed in modern Western culture in largely biological terms. The contradiction here is that radical feminism's attention to the family and to gender has been motivated by the desire to denaturalise both, to enable us to see both as constructed and changeable. It has been one of the important contributions of radical feminist theory to make the point that women are made and not born. The dilemma for radical feminism has been to retain this awareness of the social construction of gender and the family while also maintaining an awareness of the persistent and deep-seated phenomenon of female oppression and the importance of the family both in generating that oppression and in structuring non-domestic life.
Radical feminist practice and theory has also changed in many ways since its genesis in the late 1960s. One change is a growing attention to issues of race and class. Another is an abandonment of the early reliance on the terminology of "roles" and the "sex-role system." As Alison Jaggar has noted, role terminology implies that women and men have a high degree of choice vis-a-vis gender; role terminology suggests that gender is a kind of mask or script which people may assume or relinquish at will. Also, radical feminism in more recent years describes women's oppression less as a consequence of "the family" and more in terms of specific practices which have been associated with that institution, such as mothering and sexuality.
Indeed, one of the most important changes in radical feminism since the late 1960s has been its increased, explicit focus on sexuality, a change associated with the extension of radical feminism into lesbian feminism. An article which greatly contributed to this development was "The Woman Identified Woman." This paper claimed that women must eliminate the need for male approval and the practice of identifying with male beliefs and values, both central components of a misogynist culture. The authors argued that an important means for women to accomplish such tasks and to remove the self-hate women typically have toward themselves is to love other women, both emotionally and sexually. At the very least, women cannot let the label "dyke" stand in the way of developing such love and removing such self-hatred. More recently, Adrienne Rich has also tied together female self-identification and lesbian sexuality under the phrase, "a lesbian continuum." By using the term "lesbian" to denote not only female homosexuality but also instances "of primary intensity between and among women, including the sharing of a rich inner life, the bonding against male tyranny, the giving and receiving of practical and political support," Rich argues that "We begin to grasp breadths of female history and psychology which have lain out of reach as a consequence of limited, mostly clinical, definitions of 'lesbianism,' "
However, radical feminism has gone even further than stating that there is a connection between lesbianism and women coming to define and love themselves. Made more explicit, both by Rich and others, is the assertion that women's oppression is constituted by heterosexuality. As Catherine MacKinnon puts it, "Sexuality is the Iynch-pin of gender inequality." It is worthwhile examining the following passage from the article in which this point was made for its illustration of the similarities and differences between early radical feminism and more recent forms:
Implicit in feminist theory is a parallel argument: the moulding, direction, and expression of sexuality organises society into two sexes-women and men-which division underlies the totality of social relations. Sexuality is that social process which creates, organises, expresses, and directs desire, creating the social beings we know as women and men, as their relations create society. As work is to Marxism, sexuality to feminism is socially constructed yet constructing, universal as activity yet historically specific, jointly comprised of matter and mind. As the organised expropriation of the work of some for the benefit of others defines a class- workers-the organised expropriation of the sexuality of some for the use of others defines the sex, woman. Heterosexuality is its structure, gender and family its congealed forms, sex roles its qualities generalised to social persona, reproduction a consequence, and control its issue.
MacKinnon, like Firestone before her, defines feminism by contrast with Marxism. As Marxism has defined production, or human labor recreating the conditions of its existence, as central to its analysis of oppression, so feminism, according to MacKinnon, makes sexuality the cornerstone of its analysis of oppression. Thus MacKinnon is continuing that path well trodden by contemporary feminists, of recognising that Marxism, while providing a deeply insightful tool for analysing social oppression, has no means for comprehending gender oppression. What is unique in MacKinnon's argument is her explicit claim that the central lacuna in Marxism and that which serves as the defining issue for feminism is sexuality.
MacKinnon's argument gives us clues for seeing both what has been most insightful in radical feminism and its major problems. Contemporary radical feminism has been relatively unique in the concerted attention it has given to matters often thought of as either natural or trivial, issues such as sexuality and the family, and in arguing for the centrality of these phenomena in structuring relations between women and men and social life as a whole. The insightfulness of the first point, that in at least some cultures sex may be instrumental in structuring gender is illustrated in the English language where the word "sex" refers both to sexual activity and to gender. Moreover, the illuminating power of the second point, that both sexuality and gender are concerns not only of "private life" but of all social life, must also be recognised as a crucial contribution of radical feminism. For one, it enables us to see the interconnection of gender oppression in domestic and non-domestic settings. Also, it helps us realize that the liberal feminist solution of extending the sphere of state control is not necessarily a solution for women: that to extend the realm of state control may entail merely a substitution in new forms of masculine power, or gender inequality, in women's lives.
However, if the strengths of radical feminism lay in its recognition of the interconnection of sexuality and gender and of their importance in affecting social life, its weaknesses result from its tendency to collapse gender into sexuality and to see all societies as fundamentally similar. Indeed the interconnection of these two problems can be seen in MacKinnon's analysis. MacKinnon argues that "sexuality is the Iynch-pin of gender oppression." A question one might put regarding this assertion is: does it hold true for all women? For example, one might say that the form of sexism experienced by contemporary, poor, black, American women at the hands of a white, male-dominated, state bureaucracy and corporate world seems at least as central, if not more central, a form of sexism in the lives of these women than the sexism experienced in the context of heterosexual relations. In other words, MacKinnon's analysis does not appear to leave room for the possibility that forms of gender oppression, such as those experienced in work, politics, or religion, might express or have come to express a central form of the oppression of some women. This is not to deny that sexuality might have played a central role historically in generating gender oppression, but that would constitute a historical and not an analytic truth, which would have to be integrated with historical analysis to explicate gender oppression in other periods. Indeed, as I will argue in later chapters, when one provides this kind of historical analysis, the insights of radical feminism appear at their strongest.
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'Everybody feels it': Mental-health…
'Everybody feels it': Mental-health challenges of working from home, pandemic confront Boulder County residents
John Tayer, president and CEO of the Boulder Chamber, participates in a remote meeting from his backyard on Tuesday at his home in Boulder. Tayer said his days have gotten longer since starting to work remotely at the beginning of the pandemic, as they have for many people working from home. (Timothy Hurst/Staff Photographer)
By Ali C M Watkins | BizWest Media/Prairie Mountain Publishing
PUBLISHED: September 5, 2020 at 9:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 5, 2020 at 9:01 a.m.
Since John Tayer, Boulder Chamber CEO and president, began working remotely his dress attire has changed. While it still includes a button-up shirt and a tie, he has swapped dress slacks for comfortable shorts. Instead of going into the Chamber offices to work, his couch, or occasionally the dining table, is his office.
But working from home isn't as relaxing as it sounds.
Tayer and other Boulder County professionals in high-stress jobs that are newly remote are learning how to balance family, household duties and work under one roof. Though he said he enjoys his role at the Boulder Chamber and his work energizes him, it's inarguable that the stakes are higher, the days are longer, and the need for mental-health breaks is more necessary than ever.
A study by Mental Health America and Boulder-based FlexJobs Corp. found that of the 37% of respondents who are employed, 76% are currently working remotely and are working longer hours than they did before the pandemic began. The survey had 1,500 respondents from the U.S. Of those surveyed, about half were employed and the other unemployed.
As a result, employed workers are three times as likely to report poor mental health now than pre-COVID-19, according to the study's findings.
To complete Tayer's tasks — many dealing with helping Boulder businesses navigate public health restrictions and keep their companies afloat — he often gets up early and goes to bed late. Last week, he accidentally "slept in" until 6 a.m., and hurried to catch up on the three hours of lost work.
That's Monday through Friday. Weekends are catch-up days, with some meetings and work-related communications.
Back-to-back phone calls, Zoom meetings and non-stop emails make the days feel longer. Tayer said that he's used to all-day meetings, but they were in-person, happy hours or gatherings. Commuting from one place to another introduced "mental-health breaks" that he didn't realize were there until they were gone.
"The thing that's unique about this circumstance, especially in the Zoom world, is unless you program it in specifically, you don't really get breaks," Tayer said.
He added that with the normal workday disrupted, the boundaries for professional communication have changed. Before, he could rely on most of the email traffic to slow around 5 p.m., but now it's not uncommon for his inbox to fill on evenings and weekends.
The Boulder Chamber has roughly 1,300 members, he said. Since the pandemic began, the Chamber has helped Boulder businesses access information on city and state coronavirus health mandates, co-sponsored a COVID-19 Small Business Relief Fund, and advocated for patio expansions, to-go liquor sales and other efforts.
"There was so much change coming at all of these businesses at such a fast and furious pace," Tayer said. "All of us were having difficulty absorbing it personally and as business leaders."
For Gretchen Wahl, senior director and community manager for First National Bank of Omaha, or FNBO, in Boulder, the school year couldn't have come at a better time. While temporarily homeschooling her two children, then later spending much of the summer with them, she was juggling her work from home. She said she was on the verge of burnout, which the World Health Organization defines as "a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed." Symptoms include feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion, increased mental distance or feelings of negativity towards their job and lessened professional efficacy.
"I'm pulled in a lot of different directions. I have two young children. I have a husband. We're all here, we've been here all summer, you know, for five months, and the hard part is you have everybody pulling at you," Wahl said. "When you're at work, you have people pulling at you, but not in the same way, where you're with each other 24-7. After a while, I think you just wear down, and you get really tired, so it's hard to stay as mentally focused as you used to be."
Early into the pandemic, the bank was hit hard while processing Paycheck Protection Program requests, one of the Small Business Administration loans for small businesses created by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.
Wahl said that companywide, her employer processed 7,000 loans totalling between $800 million and $900 million. She said that the bank's system was firing on all cylinders, with every division extended.
"We were working around the clock, I mean people were working into the wee hours of the morning trying to push loans," she said. "Everybody from the commercial lending team to the retail team to the servicing to dock coordinators, everybody was involved."
The bank has sent out regular, formal wellness assessments to the entire company. Wahl said that additionally, she touches base with her department weekly to discuss taking sufficient time off, taking breaks and finding flexibility with work.
The mental-health crisis
Burnout and workplace stress is on the rise, but even more severe mental-health concerns are increasing as a result of the pandemic.
There's more than one emotional fallout from this crisis, said Vincent Atchity, Mental Health Colorado president and CEO: isolation from social-distancing, uncertainty over the future, financial stress from the economic downturn, fear for the health of oneself and loved ones and grief of lost life and a sense of normalcy.
Mental Health Colorado, a nonprofit that advocates for legislation that supports mental-health access and works to destigmatize mental illness and an affiliate of Mental Health America, records the monthly screenings for different disorders and illnesses.
The most common screenings haven't changed much since last year — depression being the highest, followed by anxiety, bipolar disorder and alcohol and substance use — but the amount of each has nearly doubled.
According to the state nonprofit's records, 835 Coloradans received screenings for depression between April and June in 2019. For the same time period this year, 1,462 screenings were documented.
And it wasn't just depression that dramatically increased for that duration compared with last year. Anxiety screenings increased 105% and bipolar screenings by 87%. Alcohol and substance use increased 39%.
Atchity predicts that the mental-health impacts will outlast the pandemic. Emotions are heightened even more with Black Lives Matter protests and the 2020 presidential election overlapping with COVID-19, he added.
"This is kind of unprecedented for the mental health of the community, and the pandemic is just sort of the context for all of it right now," he said.
Registered nurse and licensed professional counselor Suzanne Conversano, left, and psychiatrist Emily Bucy demonstrate what an in-person counseling session would look like in a large conference room at Boulder Community Health's Della Cava Family Medical Pavilion on Monday in Boulder. The behavioral health unit has not seen a large increase in patients since the onset of the pandemic but have seen patients exhibiting more severe symptoms. (Timothy Hurst / Staff Photographer)
The need for professional mental-health services in the Boulder region has always been considerable, said Jill Eriksen, director of nursing for behavioral health at Boulder Community Health. But while her division has only seen a slight increase in incoming patients, the conditions and symptoms are more severe. This was across the board, including general anxiety, depression, substance use and other conditions.
Eriksen oversees an overnight and inpatient unit, outpatient behavioral health and other unrelated departments.
Betsy Duckett, director of integrated clinical services for physician clinics for BCH, echoed the same findings of worsening mental-health statuses. Part of the Integrated Clinical Services includes behavioral health specialists at 11 of BCH's primary-care units.
Duckett said that both primary-care physicians and behavioral-health specialists are seeing higher acuity, or needing more professional care, in patients. This points to clients seeking or receiving help at a later stage than normal.
When someone has an underlying anxiety disorder and presents normally, going without treatment degrades that person's condition, Duckett said.
"When that goes on at a heightened level for a longer period of time, those patients are now moving into depressive episodes as well," she said.
Those with other pre-existing diagnoses such as bipolar disorder also are displaying worsened conditions, she added. She's noticed increased substance-use disorders, suicide ideation and patients experiencing first-time mental-illness episodes.
BCH is preparing for acuity to increase this fall and winter, Eriksen said. BCH always sees a higher rate during that period with seasonal affective disorder and stress around the holidays, but this year's preparation revolves around the coronavirus crisis. After living under the uncertainty of the pandemic for around half a year, she expects depression and anxiety to continue around food, housing and financial insecurity.
"A lot of people have a certain amount of resources and resilience — and I'm talking about financial resources, child-care resources — a lot of those are starting to be depleted," Eriksen said.
Behavioral health specialist David Lopez, right, and physician Alyssa Carlson demonstrate what a meeting concerning a patient would look like at Boulder Community Health's Dakota Ridge Family Medicine on Monday in Boulder. Betsy Duckett, director of integrated clinical services for physician clinics for BCH, said physicians are seeing patients who need more professional care, which she said points to people delaying seeking mental health care amid the pandemic. (Timothy Hurst/Staff Photographer)
Deb Sprague is interim vice president of clinical care for Mental Health Partners, a nonprofit behavioral health provider treating mental health and addiction in Boulder and Broomfield counties.
She said one of the reasons clients delay mental-health treatment is the same for physical doctor visits: limiting risk for COVID-19 exposure. She said that early symptoms of depression, such as insomnia and fatigue, are often addressed with physical health-care physicians first. Therefore, some patients with diagnosable conditions aren't included in mental-health data.
But it's safe to say that everyone is experiencing pressure on their mental well-being, Sprague said.
"The number of people who are affected by this is really, to be honest, everyone. On some level, everyone is experiencing a disturbance in their life," she said. "Each and every time we venture out, put on a mask, we're reminded that things are not the same."
Remote mental health care
Mental-health services have also gone partially remote. Though there were concerns over how effective counseling through telemedicine would be, in some ways it opened up abilities for MHP, Sprague said.
Children and senior citizens are among the most vulnerable populations to suffer from social distancing, she said. Play therapy, a method that lets professionals examine and treat psychological issues through toys and conversation, is a common tool MHP uses with children.
Sprague said that some children are more receptive in their own environment, and will show off their own toys and rooms to their counselors.
Shaw said that she's grateful for having remote capabilities, as 80% of MHP clients are Medicaid recipients. It's increased accessibility, while minimizing their health risks during the pandemic. MHP's no-show rates to appointments have dropped as a result, she said.
Telehealth also allows clinical workers to see into the home life of a client. While enlightening, it can be disheartening. Sprague said some clinical staff bear witness to disputes. There's also concerns about whether some patients are in a safe place to speak freely.
Registered nurse and director of nursing Billy Carestio works at his desk on Wednesday at Mental Health Partners' Ryan Wellness Center in Boulder. The nonprofit behavioral health provider has started offering remote counseling sessions to continue treating patients who prefer not to visit the office out of concerns of exposure to COVID-19. (Timothy Hurst/Staff Photographer)
Duckett said that her team at BCH used phone calls for telehealth options until recently, when they added video capabilities.
"The concerns were sometimes not having eyes on somebody, not really being able to know what their self care was," she said. Duckett added that seeing a patient is important, as professionals can observe if they are taking care of their personal hygiene, sleeping and eating properly.
BCH is also navigating remote work within its own staff. Eriksen, as both a health professional and manager, has scheduled mental check-ins with her staff. She encourages them to schedule breaks, take care of their physical well-being and learn to shut off their devices at the end of the work day.
BCH provides its employees and patients with a free login to myStrength Inc., a digital behavioral-health platform, she said. In addition, Boulder-area residents can use a community access code, "bchcommunity," to access the application.
MHP helped support the continuum of care through its COVID- 19 Relief Fund for Clients. Of the $30,000 raised in March and April, part of the funds went toward providing more than 50 phones for clients, said Cindy Cohagen, director of philanthropy for MHP.
The organization was also a grant recipient of Colorado Spirit Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program. The Federal Emergency Management Agency approved $1.8 million to the state of Colorado for CCP in June. MHP received $600,000, and is using it to ramp up its community-outreach program and provide resources and information about COVID-19 through social media and in-person visits. The funds allowed them to add seven employees to the team, Shaw said.
Talking about mental health at work
MHP offers suicide prevention and crisis training. Though normally more individuals than groups participate in training, Shaw said that several businesses have also reached out for group classes.
The behavioral-health center has a goal of training 4,098 people in suicide prevention before the end of 2020. So far, MHP has reached 3,649 of its trainee goals.
MHP officials say some signs of suicidal ideation to look out for in friends, family and coworkers are withdrawing from activities, sleeping too much or too little, saying goodbyes, expressing symptoms of anxiety or depression or displaying a sudden good mood after a depressive episode.
While stigma around mental health is challenged by the way COVID-19 has impacted work and life, there's still a disconnect between mental and physical wellness. Atchity said that a main goal for Mental Health Colorado is to make the two whole.
"As soon as we start segregating our physical health and our mental health, we are failing to understand our healthy nature or potential for health as humans," he said. "This pandemic has actually gone a long way to promoting that understanding because even folks who are not thinking about mental health, as soon as this dramatic threat to our physical health as a community comes along, everybody feels it. We feel it in our mental health."
Ali C M Watkins | BizWest Media/Prairie Mountain Publishing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Brookhaven, GA, August 23, 2016 – by Trey Benton – Brookhaven Councilmembers and supporters of the proposed Peachtree Creek Greenway celebrated Tuesday evening as the City unanimously approved the Peachtree Greenway Master Plan. Scores of Peachtree Creek Greenway supporters spoke in favor of the project and reacted to the approval with applause and celebration.
The Peachtree Creek Greenway project (See plan below) is large in scale and would involve multiple parcels to create the 2.7 mile linear park that according to the plan, is envisioned to "feature a series of trails including nature trails, paved multi-purpose trails, and paved promenade trails near the revitalized corridor dotted with residences, offices, restaurants, bike rental stands, coffee shops and picnic areas." The plan also suggests spanning beyond Brookhaven's borders, providing a connection to the Atlanta Beltline and PATH400.
The total estimated cost of the Peachtree Creek Greenway project is north of $35 million, not including land acquisitions which the City says will be made through various funding sources and grants.
The City has hired a new Grants Administrator who, among other assignments, will be working diligently on the City achieving this initiative. Among the many alternatives to secure property for the Greenway, property easements and conservation easements are two of the preferred methods.
Stay tuned as this project unfolds. More information on the Peachtree Creek Greenway can be found here.
Excellent news! I see Gerri!
This is so exciting! Now I wish I hadn't given away my bike, lol.
I apologize if this is in the plan- I can't get it to open on my Iphone-ack!- but will leashed dogs be allowed?
I'm asking because some of the activists in the area are very outspoken in their belief that dog ownership is polluting the creeks in this area.
I very much hope it will be inclusive and dog friendly!
So I guess that's one vote for not allowing dogs, lol.
You know. . . dog owners pay taxes too. . . and the city is more than happy to take money that vets offices, pet supply stores, groomers, and cafes/restaurants that allow dogs bring in . . . .
I don't even get the logic of some of the downvoting. . . are you saying that dog owners *dont* pay taxes, lol?!
I swear, you can't even reason with the activists in this area that have a truly bizarre hatred for domestic animals.
60.28 BILLION DOLLARS spent last year alone by US pet owners– and that number DOES NOT include money spent when we swing by coffee shops, cafes, and restaurants with outdoor patios with our dogs.


Today's Document a free mobile app surrogate for the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's website of the same name. The website features a different document for every day of the year and allows the user to see what happened on this day in U.S. history. The Today's Document app, like the website, is a great casual discovery tool for the avid history buff, educators, and students who want to interact with primary documents and access the site when they are on the go. Today's Document can be downloaded from both the iOS and Android stores. This reviewer uses the android platform so there may be slight differences when using an iOS device.
The app is straightforward and easy to use with a clean design. The screen primarily shows the featured document and its description. There are icons in the upper right that allow the user to find out more information, share, favorite, and browse to other days' featured documents. The information icon reveals more data on the chosen document, links to other materials in the featured collection, and provides a citation to the exact location of the item in National Archives. The bottom of the screen features a convenient search option.
The Information icon in the app allows for significant outreach, leading the user to find additional resources in NARA's holdings. For example, the document featured on April 17th, 2014 is a photograph entitled "Photograph taken after midnight on April 17, 1912, G. St. near 14th" that shows three young boys selling newspapers. The information icon gives a little more descriptive information about the scene captured, and a link to other Lewis Hine photographs on the Picturing the Century: 100 Years of Photography from the National Archives website. Below that description, it gives an exact location citation with an embedded link to the ARC identifier number so the user can find other documents in the same record group.
There are a few disadvantages that were noticeable with more use of this product. If you want to increase the size of image, you have to download it to your device. Touching the image brings up a prompt that asks which picture-viewing app you want to use. This process is simple, and the quality of the image enlargement is quite good. However, I have two issues with the app bumping out to a picture viewer. First, there is another image taking up space on the phone or tablet. I realize this could be minor for most users, but if you are a space-conscious user, this might be annoying when it is time to clean up the device's photo gallery. Second, taking the user out of the original app makes it easy for the user to be distracted by something else. The goal of the app is to engage the user and lead them to explore other featured documents. This may not happen if the app boots them into another app.
Another minor issue is with the sharing feature. Currently, the app allows sharing via Facebook, Twitter, and email. There is not an option for sharing through other social media sites such as Tumblr, Instagram, or other blogging platforms. If a user is dedicated, they can download the image and share in these other formats. However, all the descriptive metadata and links to collections in the National Archives are lost, and it is the responsibility of the user to share that information. An important part of a well-rounded app is the ability to seamlessly share across multiple social media platforms.
Today's Document is a great outreach tool for the National Archives. It gives anyone from teachers to the trivia geek a chance to see what happened on their birthday, or randomly pick up interesting facts regarding U.S. history. The app also acts as a gateway into the National Archives for further resource discovery. Some sharing and picture features could be better, but it's a solid application. It's a good foray into the app world for archives and special collections. It will be interesting to see if other institutions release apps similar to Today's Document. Will future apps be windows into archival collections or will they try to engage the user on a deeper level than cool stuff and trivial knowledge? There could be apps to crowd source metadata creation or apps built around the idea storytelling. The possibilities just like the depth of archival collections are endless.


Nothing could be better than this to host your destination wedding in India than in royal style in Rajasthan? Jaipur is compatible with romance and grandeur making it an ideal wedding destination. With its historical venues, majestic views, lively Rajasthani entertainment, gastronomic excellence and sunshine, you and your visitors will be left with beautiful memories of your special day.
Rajasthan's majestic capital city Jaipur is an ideal destination for taking perfect wedding destination as it is a mix of years heritage and contemporary provisions. Jaipur is recognized for its magnificent forts, royal palaces and fascinating bazaars that have marked their place in history and culture. It is also recognized as the Pink City because of the color of the stone used primarily in the walled city. Jaipur's bazaars market falsified leather shoes, blue pottery, tie, and dye scarves and other imported wares. Additionally, Jaipur is conveniently positioned at a distance of 260 km from Delhi. Jaipur also toils as a gateway to other popular wedding destinations in Rajasthan like Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Udaipur.
No, we don't charge for an initial consultation. It is complementary to all our clients. We see this an opportunity to know each other so that you can analyze if we a perfect fit to work together.
Q. Can I know the procedure of payment?
Once you confirm our services, we would require an initial deposit to block our dates and guarantee our event/wedding planning services. The mode of payment, payment schedules, and other related things would be mentioned clearly in the wedding planning contracts. All payments would be accepted as per the agreement.
Q. Are there any hidden charges for wedding services?
No, we are very transparent in charging for our services. All details regarding charges and payments will be mentioned in the contract.
Q. Could you help me with my destination wedding?
Of course, we can. This is our work. We love planning a destination wedding. Our wedding coordinator will assist you in the whole episode of destination wedding starting from choosing a destination to venue selection, menu planning, guest management, travel & logistics, and vendor management.
Q. Can I speak to the vendors and see their examples of work?
Of course, you can. Once you have finalized our services, we will provide you a list of vendors with their contact details so that you can directly contact them and see examples of their work.
With Plush as your destination wedding planner in Rajasthan, the entire event will be pulled off to perfection. We are a one-stop shop for pairs looking to plan a modern wedding in Jaipur. Our professional planners can assist with everything. You only need to dress well, enjoy, and say, "I do."When it comes to wedding preparation in Jaipur, we have vast local knowledge and powerful local vendor resources. We take care of organizing your entire wedding- right from venue selection, vendor management, logistics, decor designing, budget management, and coordination. We have marked our place as one of the best wedding planners in rajasthan.
Hotels in Jaipur are well versed with serving high-class services in destination weddings and are warm and welcoming. Without a significant time and local knowledge, it can be an intimidating sight to plan a destination wedding in Jaipur. As famous wedding planners in India and best wedding planner in Udaipur, we understand that due to time constraints and work responsibilities our clients often favor dodging overloading themselves with designing their wedding from afar.
Plush being wedding planner in rajasthan specializes in managing just these occasions; from small, intimate family events to large, spectacular celebrations: weddings are the only thing we do! Our team can design your whole marriage from venue bookings, vendor management to the overall design and execution. We offer a particular service, bringing you not only on your initial viewing of possible venues but on subsequent visits and for the duration of your wedding, ensuring total dedication to you. If you are preparing your wedding from outside of India, we are also renowned as NRI wedding planners in Delhi NCR. So if it is not logistically feasible for you to visit India, we are still ready to build that personal relationship and plan everything remotely, so your wedding in Rajasthan is everything you have perpetually dreamed of.
Be it any of your pre-wedding, destination wedding, or post-wedding functions, the team of Plush puts their best foot forward to achieve maximum customer satisfaction by recognition and organizing your wedding functions the type you have ever wanted. We are ready to travel outstations for your support thatswhy we are known as destination wedding planner in jaipur and be a member of your tasks to host them fabulously. We have exceptional management being luxury wedding planners in Jaipur and our achievement skills are represented in the form we organize your nuptial ceremonies.
We cater to all the arrangements so that you can sit back and enjoy your nuptial ceremonies without any hassle, with all your near and dear ones. Plush offers unique and creative ideas to decorate your wedding venue and have all kind of settings required for all your wedding ceremonies. They will transform your wedding into gala event which is worth remembering a lifetime.


text:
import BBPromise from 'bluebird';

const VERSION_SEPERATOR = '@';

export default class AutoFlushBulk {
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    setInterval(() => this._flush(), 4000);
  }

  batch(ops, cb) {
    var bulkCmds = [];
    ops.forEach((op) => {
      bulkCmds.push({
        index: {
          _index: op.metadata.projectName + VERSION_SEPERATOR + op.metadata.projectVersion,
          _type: op.metadata.schemaName,
          // @todo, add primary from _meta
          _id: op.id
        }
      });
      bulkCmds.push(op.item);
    });
    return this.client.bulk({body: bulkCmds})
      .then((resp) => cb(null))
      .catch((err) => cb(err));
  }

  _flush() {
    var self = this;
    if (this._queue.length === 0 || this._isFlushing) {
      return;
    }
    this._isFlushing = true;
    var batch = this._queue.splice(0, this._batchSize);
    this.batch(batch, function (err, res) {
      if (!err) {
        batch.forEach(function (doc) {
          self._callbacks[doc.id] && self._callbacks[doc.id].resolve();
          delete self._callbacks[doc.id];
        });
      } else {
        batch.forEach(function (doc) {
          self._callbacks[doc.id] && self._callbacks[doc.id].reject(err);
          delete self._callbacks[doc.id];
        });
      }
      self._isFlushing = false;
      if (this._queue.length >= this._batchSize) {
        setTimeout(self._flush.bind(self), 0);
      }
    });
  }

  putItem(item, schema, metadata) {
    var id = item[schema.columns[schema.primary].name];
    var serializedItem = this.serializer.serialize(item, schema);
    return new BBPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      this._queue.push({
        id,
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        metadata
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      if (this._queue.length === this._batchSize) {
        setTimeout(this._flush.bind(this), 0);
      }
    });
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I heard this track last week, after reading a short review of the album on the Daily Express music pages. Melody Gardot is an incredible jazz singer in a similar vein to Norah Jones, where jazz meets mainstream, if thats possible.
Gardot's story is filled with grief, she was knocked off her bicycle by a four wheel drive vehicle at the age of 19 sustaining horrific injuries, her physician recommended music as a means to help improve her brain injury.
She began singing and writing in her bed and recorded an EP while still unable to walk. The EP is called Some Lessons The Bedroom Sessions.
Her first full length album is Worrisome Heart and this is the title track, a beautiful, smouldering jazz ballad.


text:
Current (https://current.org/2012/06/small-and-indie-tv-stations-protesting-fcc-bid-to-end-analog-viewability-rule/)
Small and indie TV stations protesting FCC bid to end analog viewability rule
A group of more than 200 TV stations is protesting the FCC's proposal to end the viewability rule in December 2013, reports Multichannel News.
In September 2007, in anticipation of the digital transition, the FCC decided that cable operators would be required to convert digital signals to analog so must-carry channels could still be viewed by households with analog television sets. The FCC now wants to sunset that requirement, citing the availability of free or low-cost converter boxes.
But Independent Voices for Local Television, representing smaller and independent TV stations, say that 12.6 million households of more than 34 million viewers don't have any digital TV sets. "Many millions more have analog sets in their bedrooms, even if they have one digital set in the living room," the group says on its website. "If the FCC shifts the burden to consumers, these cable viewers will lose access unless they lease new equipment."
"Voices for Local TV will have to talk fast," Multichannel News notes: The FCC's proposed order needs to be voted on by June 12 or the rule sunsets immediately.


Enfield, a former small market town with links to two queens of England is today a Borough based in North London. Close to a variety of attractions and good transport links, it's both a popular and easy place to get too. When you stay in one of our Hotels in Enfield, you'll find yourself on the doorstep to an abundance of the area's local attractions, including its parks, gardens, museums, eateries and cultural hot spots. Whether you choose to stay for a weekend or longer, you can guarantee there is something to suit all the family.
Book one of our Enfield hotels and immerse yourself in everything this London town has to offer, including a trip to Capel Manor Gardens, located eight minutes from our London Enfield hotel, it's here you'll stumble upon a colourful and fragrant oasis, complete with Georgian manor house and Victorian stables. Trent Park is also close by, situated under six miles from our London Edmonton hotel, it is here you'll discover yet another picturesque, open green space. If you're interested in architecture, a trip to Forty Hall Estate is not to be missed. This idyllic Grade I Jacobean property is home to an ancient royal parkland and a permanent exhibition space.
If you're looking for a cultural attraction while staying at our Hotels in Enfield, Enfield Museum is a must-visit, especially if you wish to embark on an educational day out with the entire family. Alexandra Palace is also close by. This historic north London entertainment venue is located in Alexandra Park between Wood Green and Muswell Hill and boasts some of the best panoramic views in London and an array of family-friendly activities; like ice skating all year round, a boating lake and a funfair during summer.


text:
BuzzFeed News Homepage
A Whitney Houston Hologram Tour Has Sparked A Huge Backlash From Fans
"Watching an empty shell of her perform isn't the type of memory I want to associate with such an extraordinary artist," one fan said. "What a disgrace to Whitney's legacy."
Ben Henry
The estate of Whitney Houston has been criticised after it was announced that a hologram of the iconic singer, who died in 2012, would be used for a worldwide tour next year.
According to a post on Houston's official Instagram page, the tour will be in collaboration with Base Hologram, a company that specialises in "harnessing the magic of holographic live entertainment to create concerts".
Phil Dent / Redferns
Along with the announcement, reports that Base Hologram had released a rendering of the Houston hologram were published by multiple outlets, giving a glimpse of what could be expected at the show.
However, news that the tour was going ahead was met with outrage from fans, who called the move "sad and disgusting".
Ian Dickson / Redferns
In fact, the comments underneath the Instagram post were flooded with criticism, with one saying: "You know damn well Whitney wouldn't want people paying to see a projection to fill her [family's] pockets."
Another simply read: "Let her rest, Pat. Jesus Christ."
Pat Houston is Houston's sister-in-law and the head of the singer's estate. She also acted as her manager during her career.
Another fan said that they'd previously seen a hologram concert, describing it as "kind of creepy" and "like watching the ghost of a person perform".
View this photo on Instagram
"As big a fan of Whitney as I am, watching an empty shell of her perform isn't the type of memory I want to associate with such an extraordinary artist," the comment continued. "It's a shame her estate (Mother, Pat) is even doing this. What a disgrace to Whitney's legacy."
The reaction to the news continued on Twitter as people called the decision "repugnant" and "utterly disrespectful".
kapowski @santikapowski
Utterly disrespectful and disgusting. Let the greats Rest In Power. Shameful they're using her name and likeness for this. An evening with Whitney? "That" is NOT Whitney Houston. I'm sorry Nippy, you deserved better. https://t.co/n3vgxudJxw
12:56 PM - 17 Sep 2019
"Nothing is sacred," another said. "Rest in peace to Whitney Houston."
100 Bandz Fanon @birth_marxist
capitalism will recreate your likeness and project it in front of millions, so it may posthumously profit off you for eternity. there are truly no limits to its ethical depravity. nothing is sacred. rest in peace to whitney houston. https://t.co/a4i2MFLwqE
It seems that, despite the uproar, plans for the tour will be going ahead. "A hologram show is all about the imagination and creating a 'wow factor' that extends to an incredible experience to enjoy for years to come," Pat Houston said in a statement on the company's website. "Whitney is not with us but her music will live with us forever."
Andrew Toth / Getty Images
The statement continued: "We know we made the right decision partnering with Base because they understand how important it is to produce a phenomenal hologram. They also know that engaging her fans with an authentic Whitney experience would resonate worldwide because of the iconic status that she created over three decades. Her fans deserve nothing less because she gave nothing less than her best."
And when the tour was first announced back in May, Pat Houston said that the singer "would have loved this holographic theatrical concept".
She added: "This upcoming tour will allow audiences to experience Whitney's amazing voice and passion for music for a long time to come and help them share that magic with future generations."
In a statement to Billboard, Base Hologram CEO and chairman Brian Becker was confident they could bring Houston's "unmatched level of charisma and emotion" to the stage, calling it an honour to "help add to [Houston's] legacy".
Kevin Winter / Getty Images
"Whitney Houston was a talent beyond words, and her influence and artistry transcended all boundaries," Becker said. "What we are creating here is a new type of theatrical concert experience designed to capture that magic. When she performed there was an unmatched level of charisma and emotion to it — that's what we are going to bring to audiences and it's an honor to be able to help add to her legacy with this project."
The Whitney Houston Hologram Tour, also called An Evening With Whitney, kicks off in February. BuzzFeed has reached out to Base Hologram for comment.
Ben Henry is a celebrity reporter for BuzzFeed UK and is based in London.
Contact Ben Henry at ben.henry@buzzfeed.com.


This is going to be a quick little post. I like area rugs. We have a very neutral carpet and wood floors. Area rugs add color and cozy up an area. Many of the area rugs that you can buy have fringes. I don't know why they do that. Fringes are impossible to keep neat and straight. Fringes get caught in the vacuum cleaner unless you are very careful. If the vacuum eats up the fringe, then you have a bald spot on part of the edge. Puppies also like to chew on them. This is my solution. My rugs had fringe on the ends. I took the fringe off. Then I found yarn in a color that matched. I took a big darning needle that had a sharp point and I overcast the edge. I went in every section of the jute backing so it was very tight. That was a few years ago and it still looks great. I don't have to worry about vacuuming or straightening the fringe every time I walk past.


text:
Tanabi é um município brasileiro do estado de São Paulo, localizado na região metropolitana de São José do Rio Preto, interior de São Paulo. Possui uma população de 26 231 habitantes (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística/2021) e área de 745,8 quilômetros quadrados. Localiza-se a 477 quilômetros da cidade de São Paulo. O município é formado pela sede, pelo distrito de Ibiporanga e pelo povoado de Ecatu.

Etimologia
"Tanabi" é derivado do guarani antigo tanambi, que significa "borboleta".

História

Fundação
Tanabi foi fundada em 4 de julho de 1882. No local onde hoje é a Praça Stélio Machado Loureiro, antes chamada "24 de Outubro", o terreno fora convenientemente montado e, da clareira aberta na mata em volta, divulgava-se, ao fundo, a choça onde Joaquim Francisco de Andrade (Joaquim Chico), remanescente da tribo dos Caiapós, desde 1860 comerciava produtos da terra e mercadorias que trazia de longe.

Junto à confluência dos rios Jataí e do Mangue, ou Bacuri, repontavam raras choupanas onde viviam pacatos roceiros. Confiaram, a mestre Bento Perez de Souza, um carapina de truz, a incumbência de lavrar o madeiro roliço e transformá-lo em símbolo de suas aspirações religiosas, o qual foi, para todos os efeitos, considerado marco de fundação. Na data epigrafada, num meio-dia estival, lá estavam os moradores reunidos e irmanados por um só desejo – conduzir, em procissão, o pesado lenho de rija aroeira.

Feito isto, postaram-no para descanso ao lado de profunda escavação recém-aberta na terra vermelha e dadivosa. Entre vivas e rojões, salvas de garrucha e gritos de alegria, é alçado o majestoso cruzeiro que, paulatinamente, toma posição vertical; seus braços sagrados, onde se divisam os instrumentos de suplício a recordar a divina imolação, proclamam, altissonantes, que, na zona pioneira do Estado, mais uma citânia surgia, citânia que, desde então, batizaram com o expressivo topônimo "Jataí".

Logo após, junto ao emblema da fé, num altar improvisado, todo enfeitado de flores silvestres, ajoelharam-se todos, contritos e piedosos, como convém às almas simples, a rezar o terço tradicional do interior brasileiro. E a tradição guardou o nome dos que tomaram parte nesse ato de fé e civismo: o alferes Polenice Celeri, Leonildo Bataglia, João Barboza do Amaral, Hilário de Souza Rozendo, José Siriani que foi prefeito em duas ocasiões, Agostinho Pereira, Manuel Francisco de Silva, Joaquim Euzébio, Joaquim Francisco de Andrade (Joaquim Chico, considerado o fundador), além do artista anônimo que, a golpes de enxó, lavrou o rijo cerne, transformando-o em objeto de culto e de veneração.

Erguida a cruz, cuidaram, logo, os moradores do Jataí de construir uma igreja em homenagem à padroeira escolhida – Nossa Senhora da Conceição. E foi essa rústica ermida de palha que deu o nome ao lugar então conhecido por "Capela do Jataí" e que, nove anos mais tarde, em 1891, foi substituída pela igreja feita de tijolos e telha vã, demolida em 1932/33.

Formação administrativa

Em 1906, o povoado foi elevado à condição de distrito pertencente ao município de São José do Rio Preto com o nome de "Tanabi". Em 1924, o distrito foi elevado à condição de município, separando-se de São José do Rio Preto.

Nesta época, com uma área territorial de , Tanabi era o segundo maior município do estado de São Paulo, ficando atrás somente de Araçatuba.

Em 1938, mesmo perdendo território para o recém criado município de Pereira Barreto, Tanabi passou a ser o maior município do estado de São Paulo, com uma área territorial de , permanecendo nessa condição até 1945.

Geografia
Localiza-se a uma latitude 20°37'35" Sul e a uma longitude 49°38'57" Oeste, estando a uma altitude de 518 metros.

Economia
Tanabi é um município que tem grande força na indústria, destacando-se principalmente na produção de alumínio, móveis e calçados, conta também com uma usina que produz açúcar e álcool. Além da indústria, a pecuária, a agricultura e o comércio movimentam a economia do município. Tanabi conta com várias agências bancárias como Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Bradesco e Banco Santander.

Hidrografia
 Rio São José dos Dourados
 Rio Jataí
 Rio Bacuri

Rodovias
 SP-320 Rodovia Euclides da Cunha
 SP-377 Rodovia Deputado Bady Bassitt

Demografia
Dados do Censo - 2010:

População total: 24 055
 Urbana: 21 735
 Rural: 2 320
 Homens: 12 042
 Mulheres: 12 013
Densidade demográfica (hab./km²): 32,25

Taxa de alfabetização: 93,0%

Infraestrutura

Comunicações
No setor de telefonia a cidade era atendida pela Cia. Telefônica Rio Preto, empresa administrada pela Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB), até que em 1973 passou a ser atendida pela Telecomunicações de São Paulo (TELESP), que inaugurou a central telefônica utilizada até os dias atuais. Em 1998 esta empresa foi vendida para a Telefônica, que em 2012 adotou a marca Vivo para suas operações.

Administração
 Prefeito: Norair Cassiano da Silveira (PSB) (2017/2020)
 Vice-prefeito: Fabio Cesar Ceron (PSDB)
 Presidente da Câmara: Marcos Paulo Mazza (2017)

Esportes
Jorge Tadeu Colombo do Nascimento, o prof. Jorge Colombo, Atualmente está na Seleção Peruana de Futebol, foi preparador físico da Seleção Brasileira Feminina de Futebol campeã Sul-americana em 2018 no Equador nasceu em Tanabi no dia 03/09/1983 na Santa Casa São Vicente de Paula, Jorge foi o preparador físico da Seleção na Copa do Mundo Sub-20 na França em 2018. No Futebol profissional masculino, passou por equipes como Internacional de Porto Alegre, São Caetano e Audax.

A cidade possui um estádio chamado Estádio Municipal Alberto Victolo.

Em abril de 2012, o jogador Túlio Maravilha, ex-Botafogo do Rio de Janeiro e Seleção Brasileira de Futebol, transferiu-se para o Tanabi Esporte Clube, em busca do 1000º gol na carreira.

Luan atualmente no Grêmio também se destacou pelo índio do Noroeste em 2012

Cidadãos ilustres

Rodrigo Garcia, político brasileiro, 38º governador do Estado de São Paulo

Ligações externas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hello, my name is Jinn!
Male (Small). Domestic. Young-adult - DOB: 2015.
Here are the details of my cat, Jinn, who went missing early morning on 3rd of May in Woodstock.
Microchipped – details are still for previous owner, Baden Moir, and cellphone number might be incorrect. I also unfortunately don't know if the chip was registered, which company it's from or what it's number is.
He never wanders and always comes when called. Extremely social cat so him not being at home definitely means that something is wrong.


On the advocacy front, our clients range from developers seeking approvals to major statewide amendment campaigns. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the situation and a detailed action plan addressing all audiences.
When troublesome issues arise, we manage media inquiries, craft messages and identify the most effective tactics to protect the brand's reputation and lead the organization to a quick and effective recovery.
The heat of a crisis is the worst time to begin formulating your communication plan, which is why organizations engage us for media coaching and pre-emptive issues management training. For example, every year, we work with new CEOs of National Urban League affiliates on how to manage challenging media interviews. We provide this service to executives of organizations in many industries.


reverse direction can be achieved by knowing the order and arrangement of its internal coil winding connection and its associated internal electrical components. 2 Humbuckers, 2 Push-Pull Volumes (Coil Split), 2 Push-Pull Tones (Dual Sound), 1 DPDT (Phase Shift Neck), 3-Way Toggle; Neck, Neck & Bridge, Bridge Guitar wiring refers to the electrical components, and interconnections thereof, inside an electric guitar (and, by extension, other electric instruments like the bass guitar or mandolin).It most commonly consists of pickups, potentiometers to adjust volume and tone, a switch to select between different pickups (if the instrument has more than one), and the output socket. Fig. 1 — Wiring diagram courtesy of Seymour Duncan If you own a dual-humbucker guitar, here's a wiring scheme for you to consider.
Designed to make your guitar more flexible, it's a mod I often perform in our shop, and customers regularly request it. Most recent update anywhere in this site other than notes of progress in linked sites - 3/10/2019. Most recent update on linked sites 1/15/2019. Apr 15, 2013 · This article is intended to diagrammatically demonstrate the concept of the wiring principle of a star delta (wye delta) motor control and power circuit when using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ladder program to control the switching of a 440 volts induction motor. Door Locks - 5 Wire Alternating 12 Volts Positive (Type C) Relay Wiring Diagram: The switch, when moved in either direction, applies both power and ground … Great article!
I'm still a little fuzzy about wiring, but I have a 2002 XVS 650 and a 1979 XS1100 that I'm turning into brat-bobs. For the XS1100 there is a kick start back p. Woofer Wiring Wizard. Determine what amplifier to use with your subwoofer system. Select your Woofer Quantity and Woofer Impedance to see available wiring configurations. Need the wiring diagram for Yard Machine lawn tractor Model 46sd 7spd 20hp.
Rated 4.6 / 5 based on 240 reviews.


Turns out daily posting is not my thing. (Not that I am overly surprised but hey I like to keep on trying these things) I am trying not to beat myself up to much about not even making it to ten straight days of posting. I am just going to be happy with the ones that I got out. Though I must admit that the last few were a bit iffy. I mean Thoughtful Thursday could well be a good idea but I definitely think that it needs a bit more thought, don't you agree?
Anyway life has been somewhat busy of late. I am really trying to engross myself with human interaction. I know that this can at times be somewhat dangerous but I feel that all odd are in my favour at this point in time. Today was another wonderful day spent doing cakey things. Not as many or as stunning as last week but still wonderful none the less. Today we made little frangipani flowers which I felt I struggled with. They were very fiddly and I couldn't get the hang of them. It was really interesting to watch her do it though. She makes everything look so easy.
Back to today, two days later no less and still no posting. Lucky that I am here really. But here I am so that must be good. The weekend was once again jam packed with action and madness. There were two birthday parties plus one we never made it to. Which I feel terrible about, as it was with a mum who I really love to hang with but don't get to very often. Unfortunately hers was the last invitation that we received and it over lapped with a prior engagement. On top of that it feels like the middle of the local winter and the party was at the water park. My poor little blossoms are already using every once of their strength to fight of seasonal flus without adding a chill.
Last night we went here and listened to Carl Riseley. Let's just say it was nice to be out and I am glad that they were free tickets. Free tickets you say? Yes that's right free tickets I said. Clever duck me won them on the radio the other day. Which was more than a bit cool and I must say a huge thanks to Territory FM. No wonder they are my most favourite local radio station.
Today was spent as a major clean up. I can not begin to explain just how much crap I have somehow managed to acquire. Hopefully I will be able to work through it all tomorrow.
Today's photo is from stock.xchng I got it by searching for plug. My original search for unplugged did not really give me much joy and while this is not exactly what I wanted the shade of orange made it somewhat irresistible.
I tried blogging for a good year and believe me posting everyday was not only not my thing it was mission Impossible :) stick at it I liked reading your post it has a nice matter-of-fact easy feel to it.


Description: Caramelized Walla Walla Sweet Onions are mashed with red potatoes, parmesan, ricotta and brushed with garlic butter then baked to a golden brown.
Preparation: In a pot boil the potatoes with skin-on. In a pan caramelize the onions in oil. Melt 5T butter with garlic to brush on top of potato mixture. Combine potatoes, cream, cheese and onions then mash (should be a bit chunky). Place potato mixture in large baking dish or ramekins and bake at 400 degrees until golden brown on top. Dust with paprika.


: Moisture lotion with beauty green tea soft non sticky texture to balance skin moisture.
: 16 kinds of amino acid 3.5 times concentrate beauty green tea ingredient gives dry skin moisture bright skin care.
: High moisture supply fresh green tea gives moisture wrap and relieve from drying.
: Watery lotion that gives texture of low viscosity to soften skin and make skin comfortable.
: Use proper amount to apply onto face and neck evenly.


From Western Highlands Province. Accountant, teacher by training and entrepreneur. Former alternate PNG Accountants Registration Board member, taught in universities in PNG for 10 years. He has served in private industry as manager and as a secondary teacher and principal.
Areas researched on include: 'Sustainability of Mini and Micro Hydro power schemes in remote rural areas of PNG' and 'Sustainable economic management issues'. Interest areas of research are: accounting, finance, business management and entrepreneurship.
Strategic Management and Financial Reporting: - Business Management and Financial Control in Challenging Times. A paper presented at the CPAPNG Annual Conference form 14th – 15th August 2014, Lae International Haus Win.


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Home → Lotus
Lotus Evora 400
The new Lotus Evora 400 is the latest pure and focused supercar from Lotus, combining high performance with the legendary Lotus benchmark handling. It is faster and dynamically more capable than the previous Lotus Evora leading to greater agility and a more involving drive.
Maximum speed is 186 mph (300 km/h) and acceleration 0-60 mph is just 4.1 seconds (0-100 km/h in 4.2 seconds). This enables the new Lotus Evora 400 to lap the challenging test track at the Lotus Headquarters in Hethel, Norfolk, a scintillating SIX seconds faster than the previous model.
Over two thirds of the Lotus Evora 400 is new, including its supercharged and charge-cooled mid-mounted 3.5-litre V6 engine producing 400 horsepower and 410 Nm of torque. A new aluminium chassis incorporates a new interior and the lightweight composite body has changed significantly both front and rear.
Following the core values of the company, not only is the new Lotus Evora 400 faster than the previous model, it is also 22 kg lighter, achieved through careful and clever design and attention to detail. This weight reduction is even more impressive considering that the supercar has more power and a higher standard specification than before.
In describing the remit for the new Lotus Evora 400, Jean-Marc Gales, Chief Executive Officer for Group Lotus plc, states, "A requirement for all Lotus cars is to be a benchmark for handling, to be the quickest car from A to B and to provide the driver with a pure and involving driving experience. The Evora 400 is the fastest road-going Lotus that we have ever produced, possessing performance that can only be matched by cars costing significantly more. It delivers supercar looks allied to supercar performance."
Jean-Marc Gales continues, "We have always said that to make a car better, you must make it faster and lighter. We have achieved this, of course, but we didn't stop there, as the considerable number of changes in the interior, chassis, engine and body design have warranted emphatically, the title of a new Lotus Evora. Our dealer network stands at 168 worldwide, which is still growing to reach 200 dealers by the end of 2015, while our sales volumes have increased by over 50% in the last 10 months. The new Lotus Evora 400 will make its mark as a significant milestone in the history of Lotus. Looking to the future, the Lotus Evora 400 will remain core to our product line up for many years to come, with more exciting derivatives planned within the next few years."
The new Lotus Evora 400 will enter production for European markets in the summer of 2015 and deliveries will commence in August. North American markets will receive the Evora 400 as a 2016 model year in the autumn of 2015.
Supercar Performance
Engine power has been increased from that of the Evora S; a respected 345 hp (350 PS; 257.3 kW) to 400 hp (406 PS; 298.3 kW) at 7,000rpm. The supercharger fitment ensures strong bottom-end torque and the figure has also been increased to 302 lbs ft (410 Nm) achieved between 3,500 to 6,500 rpm. This translates into even more strident acceleration for a 0-60 mph time of just 4.1 seconds (0-100 kph in 4.2 seconds).
Traction slip thresholds ('Drive', 'Sport' and 'Race' settings) can be altered via a driver-selectable switch, which allows the driver enhanced vehicle control before intervention is required. Both 'Sport' and 'Race' settings increase throttle responsiveness.
Its top speed of 186 mph (300 km/h) propels the Evora 400 to the upper segment of supercar performance expectations. The benchmark lap time at the Lotus Test Track at Hethel, has been slashed by a phenomenal SIX seconds due to higher engine power, revised spring and damper settings, a Limited Slip Differential (LSD) and a downforce figure of 32 kg (70 lbs) at 150 mph (242 km/h). This downforce equates to 12 kg, 26 lbs front; 20 kg, 44 lbs rear, achieved by the Evora 400's flat-floor, lightweight composite rear diffuser, three-element rear wing and airflow management strategy.
Despite the luxury fittings and equipment expected of a modern supercar, Lotus remains true to its lightweight, dynamic remit and the new Evora 400 tips the scales (unladen) at just 1,415 kgs (3,119 lbs; auto: 1,419 kg, 3,128 lbs), which amounts to a reduction of 22 kg, or 48 lbs (automatic option: 23 kg / 50lbs) from the outgoing Evora model.
The new Lotus Evora 400 is powered by a 3.5-litre V6 engine but with a new supercharger, water-to-air charge-cooler and engine management system. Its power output has increased by 16% from 345 hp (350 PS / 257 kW) to 400 hp (406 PS / 298 kW). Torque has increased from 400 Nm / 295 lbs ft to 410 Nm / 302 lbs ft with maximum torque available from 3500 rpm to 6500 rpm.
The power increase of 55 hp comes from supercharger enhancements (volumetric capacity has increased from 1.32 L/rpm to 1.74 L/rpm), the application of a new charge-cooler and engine management upgrades.
While meeting legal pass-by and race track requirements for NVH, sonic changes have been made to the post-cat exhaust system. It features revised muffler internals and a switch that can be driver activated, which allows the exhaust to flow more freely, reducing back pressure under higher engine loads and where conditions allow. A by-product is an unique supercar soundtrack through the three-inches wider, central exiting exhaust pipe.
New engine mounts, which are 5.6 kg lighter than in the previous Lotus Evora, and a revised rear sub-frame have enabled better engine control and improved vehicle dynamics.
A number of manual gearbox enhancements have greatly improved shift quality including a new clutch disc and a low inertia flywheel that ensure swift and tactile gearchanges. For the automatic transmission option, a new shift strategy has been developed, with gearchanges made using the lightweight aluminium paddles mounted to the steering wheel. For the manual version, a Torsen-type limited slip differential (LSD) has been fitted as standard to the rear axle, which gives a more involving drive and better traction, to produce better lap times.
An additional benefit arising from the improved efficiency is a reduction in CO2 exhaust emissions from 229 g/km to 225 g/km (automatic: 220 g/km down from 224 g/km), which equates to a lower tax band in many markets (subject to Type Approval).
Brakes and Tyres
Braking comes from new, more powerful, two-piece, cross-drilled and ventilated brake discs, which are 370 x 32 mm front and 350 x 30 mm rear diameters (previous Evora: 350 x 32 mm front and 332 x 26 mm rear).
Finally, lightweight forged aluminium wheels, 19" on the front and 20" on the rear, are 3.3 kg lighter than the forged wheels on the previous Evora and are now shod with Michelin Pilot Super Sport tyres (235/35x19 91Y front; 285/30x20 99Y rear), which not only increase vehicle stability and grip levels but also enhance the overall quality of the class-leading dynamics package.
The new Evora 400 exudes a visual appeal that is perfectly in line with its supercar status.
The overall effect is of a car with a more aggressive stance, that appears lower, wider and more planted on the road, despite no increase in width compared with the previous Evora. The overall length has increased by 35 mm (1.4 inches) to 4394 mm (173 inches). The approach angle has been reduced from 11.5 degrees to 10 degrees to aid aerodynamic downforce.
Lotus Head of Design, Russell Carr, was adamant about providing the new Evora 400 with an unique signature.
"We were certain that a more focused and purposeful frontal aspect was essential for a modern supercar," he outlines. "However, we were also sure that to alter greatly the profile of the recognisable, award-winning, mid-engined Evora design would have been wrong intrinsically. Our ambition was to create a high quality innovative design. This was significantly assisted by an integrated digital design process that allows us to translate computer data rapidly into physical models, using our state-of-the-art milling and 3-D printing facilities."
The front of the car features an evolution of the traditional 'Lotus mouth' that balances perfectly the needs for both form and function. The large side intakes not only give the car more road presence but also fulfil the technical requirements to cool the 400 hp engine and increase aerodynamic downforce.
At the rear, a wide and powerful look is combined resourcefully with aerodynamic efficiency. Sharp corner features maximise the width perception and give clean airflow separation. The distinctive three-element wing and new lightweight composite rear diffuser contribute to the impressive 32 kg of downforce at 150 mph.
While there is no increase in frontal area of the Evora 400 (at 1.91m˛), the small increase in Cd, from 0.33 to 0.35, is due largely to the cooling requirements driven by the huge increase in engine power. However the aerodynamic downforce is greatly increased - it is approximately double that of the previous Lotus Evora at any speed. For example, at 150 mph the downforce is 32 kg (12 kg on the front and 20 kg on the rear) for the Evora 400. The previous Evora S generated 6 kg front and 10 kg on the rear.
A comprehensive round of changes has resulted in an all new interior for the Lotus Evora 400. Designed elegantly and functionally to be both lightweight and of high quality, the interior is a perfect match for the striking exterior of the car.
The high-tech aluminium bonded and extruded chassis has been redesigned to improve both entry to and exit from the new Lotus Evora 400 cockpit. The sills are 43 mm per side narrower and 56mm lower than the previous Evora. The substantial changes to the chassis have been achieved without degradation of either torsional stiffness, which remains at a rigid 27,000 Nm / degree, or bending stiffness of the chassis.
Ingress, egress and cockpit space are further improved with the introduction of higher quality, lighter weight and narrower door inner panels.
All new front seats are lighter (by 3 kg each) and provide greater support for both driver and front passenger. As an option, rear passengers are also catered for, with the rear seats being 280 mm wider than the previous Lotus Evora; weight has been reduced in the rear seats by 3.4 kg.
As a hand-crafted sports car, the bespoke feel is carried across three new trim levels, including trim upgrades in full Alcantara, or Scottish leather, with each featuring specific trim detailing. Apart from the materials used, the new door casings, centre console and more space in the rear support a determined approach to improve both accessibility into and egress from the car's cabin.
Both comfort and ergonomics have been improved dramatically, with a new HVAC system that provides greater airflow and operator control, within an all-new dashboard layout.
As befits a driver orientated car, the cabin features a lightweight forged magnesium steering wheel with a red race-inspired position stripe and a revised instrument cluster that possesses simple clear dials (white on black graphics). Switchgear haptics and ergonomics have also been improved significantly, the latter through location to the upper-central dashboard and, for the first time, a new engine start-stop button has been fitted to the Lotus Evora 400.
A high-end in-car entertainment system is standard, with the latest, lightweight and slim-line door speakers being fitted within the new door casings, while A-pillar incorporated tweeters improve the sound reproduction quality.
Source: Lotus
Gallery: Lotus Evora 400 (2016)
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2015 Mercedes-Benz AMG GT S Berlin
2016 Honda HR-V EU-Version


John has been involved in biotechnology commercialisation since 2007, when he set up BigDNA Ltd as an academic spin out. Since that time he has raised more than £4.3M of equity funding and was instrumental in licensing out BigDNA's phage-based DNA vaccine technology to Eli Lilly animal health. He has been a Royal Society of Edinburgh Enterprise Fellow and was awarded the Glenfiddich/ Scotsman publications Spirit of Scotland 'Business' Category Award winner in 2010. He has published numerous scientific papers and is an inventor on several patents. He currently holds an Honorary Research Fellowship at the University of Edinburgh. John undertook his PhD at the Department for Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh and undertook post- doctoral training at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute as a Harvard Medical School Research Fellow.


British voters reject extremists, a contrast with notable and growing support for far-right parties elsewhere in Europe, including France, Germany and Hungary.
W.S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, the great British musical maestros, declared in their 1882 operetta Iolanthe that "every boy and every gal that's born into the world alive is either a little Liberal or else a little Conservative." Those were the dominant British political parties of the Victorian age.
On May 3, local government elections took place in England (though not in Scotland or Wales). Independence in those regions has resulted in elected regional assemblies, and governing powers devolved from London.
Measurable Liberal revival began in the early 1960's, spearheaded by the charismatic party leader Jo Grimond. The 1980's brought the new Social Democratic Party, led by breakaway Labour leaders, which merged with the Liberals into the Liberal Democrat Party in 1988.
This lengthy extraordinarily violent period was succeeded in the latter 1600's with restoration of the monarchy, return of the traditional Parliament including an elected House of Commons, and reaffirmation of the rule of law.
Regarding the elections this month, Professor John Curtice of Strathclyde University in Scotland argues the results show policy does matter. Specifically, continued public sympathy for Brexit – shorthand for leaving the European Union – helped to bolster Conservative support. Sir John has become an increasingly visible and influential expert on political and public opinion trends.
While Britain's political processes can appear complex, the long-term success of their representative government and competitive party democracy is clear. Britain's stability contrasts with some political trends in Europe -- and the U.S.
Arthur I. Cyr is Clausen Distinguished Professor at Carthage College and author of "Liberal Politics in Britain" (Transaction Press). Contact acyr@carthage.edu.


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The Coming Multi-party System
Our Two-Party system emerged in 1796 when the Federalists were challenged by Democratic-Republicans, which suggested that they were more fully committed to extending the Revolution to ordinary people. John Adams was elected President with 71 electoral votes defeating Thomas Jefferson with 68.
The election of 2016 revealed that "Celebrity" was something to be reckoned with, not longstanding service to party, and the reason is clear: our party system no longer generates leaders.
Challenged by a Celebrity the nomination of a Party-regular as a candidate will lose.
The good aspect of Celebrity is that it is not long lasting.
The election of 2018 which saw the election of more Democrats to the U.S. House of Representatives than were elected in 1964, was a clear rebuke of the Celebrity elected in 2016.
That, I believe, is the first sign that the U.S. Senate will change Parties in 2020 and that the Democrat candidate will win. They will do two things: 1) Impeach and Convict President Trump if he is re-elected and 2) abolish the Electoral College.
Our system of limited government will be transformed into a plebiscitary democracy. In future elections we may see the growth of a Social Democrat Party and Libertarian Party and a founding of a National Conservative Party.
Coalitions with these Parties with Democrat and Republican Parties will shape American politics.
At the state level in New York the Conservative Party surpassed the Liberal Party in numbers of votes and elected Conservative Party candidates to the U.S. Senate, James Buckley and Al D'Amato.
During those years, I registered as a Republican, but voted the Conservative Party line in general elections.
Who will lead the Social Democrat Party?
New York Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, Bernie Sanders
Who will lead the National Conservative Party?
Ohio Rep. Jim Jordan, Ted Cruz
The Libertarian Party was formed in 1971 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, by David Nolan. As of November 2017, 154 Libertarians held elected offices in 33 states. In the 2016 election, Gary Johnson was the party's presidential nominee and William Weld was the Vice President Nominee.
I expect a Women's Party will be founded by Mika Brzezinski in time to present candidates for election in 2024.
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Baker, R.D. Advanced plutonium fuels program. Quarterly report, April 1 through June 30, 1974 and eighth annual report, FY 1974. United States: N. p., 1974. Web. doi:10.2172/4230908.
Baker, R.D. Advanced plutonium fuels program. Quarterly report, April 1 through June 30, 1974 and eighth annual report, FY 1974. United States. doi:10.2172/4230908.
Baker, R.D. Fri . "Advanced plutonium fuels program. Quarterly report, April 1 through June 30, 1974 and eighth annual report, FY 1974". United States. doi:10.2172/4230908. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4230908.
ADVANCED PLUTONIUM FUELS PROGRAM. Quarterly Status Report, April 1--June 30, 1967.
ADVANCED PLUTONIUM FUELS PROGRAM. Quarterly Progress Report, April 1-- June 30, 1972.
PLUTONIUM SUBCRITICAL EXPERIMENT PROGRAM. Eighth Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1966.


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news, politics
French fishermen have blockaded the port of Calais, temporarily preventing two ferries carrying trucks and passengers from entering, in protest against the United Kingdom's failure to issue more licences to fish in British waters. In an effort to disrupt trade, several trawlers manoeuvred to force the DFDS and P&O ferries to reduce speed and hold outside the port, a major entry point to the continental market for UK goods. The blockade, which lasted 90 minutes, marked an escalation in the post-Brexit row between officials in London and Paris over fishing rights in the UK's coastal waters. The UK says any licences that are being withheld lack the correct documentation to issue them. The two ferries outside the port on Friday reduced their speed until their path was clear, the MarineTraffic app showed. The protest then shifted to the Channel Tunnel where the fishermen held up goods moving to and from the UK through the Channel Tunnel rail link. Dover to Calais is the shortest sea route between the UK and the European Union - just 37km - and has been one of the UK's main arteries for European trade since the Middle Ages. Before Brexit and the pandemic, 1.8 million trucks per year were routed through Calais. Earlier in the day, fishermen blocked a small British cargo, the Normandy Trader, from docking in the Brittany port of Saint-Malo. France says Jersey, a British Crown Dependency, has also failed to issue licences due to its fishermen under a post-Brexit deal. The one-hour Saint-Malo protest and the larger action further east along France's coast risk reigniting a dispute between the two countries over a mutual licensing system for fishing vessels. They are also embroiled in a row over cross-Channel migration. With the UK's exit from the EU, the two sides agreed to set up a licensing system for granting fishing vessels access to each other's waters. Officials in Paris say the UK and the Channel Island of Jersey, a British crown dependency, are not honouring the agreement. The UK says it is respecting the post-Brexit arrangements. Australian Associated Press
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November 27 2021 - 1:03AM
French fishermen block port over UK row
Stephane Mahe
French fishing boats have blocked the entrance to the port of Calais in France in a protest.
French fishermen have blockaded the port of Calais, temporarily preventing two ferries carrying trucks and passengers from entering, in protest against the United Kingdom's failure to issue more licences to fish in British waters.
In an effort to disrupt trade, several trawlers manoeuvred to force the DFDS and P&O ferries to reduce speed and hold outside the port, a major entry point to the continental market for UK goods.
The blockade, which lasted 90 minutes, marked an escalation in the post-Brexit row between officials in London and Paris over fishing rights in the UK's coastal waters.
The UK says any licences that are being withheld lack the correct documentation to issue them.
The two ferries outside the port on Friday reduced their speed until their path was clear, the MarineTraffic app showed.
The protest then shifted to the Channel Tunnel where the fishermen held up goods moving to and from the UK through the Channel Tunnel rail link.
Dover to Calais is the shortest sea route between the UK and the European Union - just 37km - and has been one of the UK's main arteries for European trade since the Middle Ages.
Before Brexit and the pandemic, 1.8 million trucks per year were routed through Calais.
Earlier in the day, fishermen blocked a small British cargo, the Normandy Trader, from docking in the Brittany port of Saint-Malo.
France says Jersey, a British Crown Dependency, has also failed to issue licences due to its fishermen under a post-Brexit deal.
The one-hour Saint-Malo protest and the larger action further east along France's coast risk reigniting a dispute between the two countries over a mutual licensing system for fishing vessels.
They are also embroiled in a row over cross-Channel migration.
With the UK's exit from the EU, the two sides agreed to set up a licensing system for granting fishing vessels access to each other's waters.
Officials in Paris say the UK and the Channel Island of Jersey, a British crown dependency, are not honouring the agreement.
The UK says it is respecting the post-Brexit arrangements.