text:
<?php

namespace Fdr\AdminBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;

use Fdr\AdminBundle\Entity\Secteur;
use Fdr\AdminBundle\Form\SecteurType;

/**
 * Secteur controller.
 *
 */
class SecteurController extends Controller
{

    /**
     * Lists all Secteur entities.
     *
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entities = $em->getRepository('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur')->findAll();

        //--
        $form = array();
        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
            $form[$entity->getId()] = $this->createDeleteForm($entity->getId())->createView();
        }
        //--
        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:index.html.twig', array(
            'entities' => $entities,
            'form'=>$form
        ));
    }
    /**
     * Creates a new Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function createAction(Request $request)
    {
        $entity = new Secteur();
        $form = $this->createCreateForm($entity);
        $form->handleRequest($request);

        if ($form->isValid()) {
            $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
            $em->persist($entity);
            $em->flush();

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('secteur_show', array('id' => $entity->getId())));
        }

        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:new.html.twig', array(
            'entity' => $entity,
            'form'   => $form->createView(),
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a form to create a Secteur entity.
     *
     * @param Secteur $entity The entity
     *
     * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
     */
    private function createCreateForm(Secteur $entity)
    {
        $form = $this->createForm(new SecteurType(), $entity, array(
            'action' => $this->generateUrl('secteur_create'),
            'method' => 'POST',
        ));
        //--
        $form->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => 'Enregistrer','attr'=>array('class'=>'btn-default span2 offset5')));

        return $form;
    }

    /**
     * Displays a form to create a new Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function newAction()
    {
        $entity = new Secteur();
        $form   = $this->createCreateForm($entity);

        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:new.html.twig', array(
            'entity' => $entity,
            'form'   => $form->createView(),
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Finds and displays a Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function showAction($id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find Secteur entity.');
        }

        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);

         //---
        $form =  $this->createForm(new SecteurType(), $entity);
        //---

        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:show.html.twig', array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
            //--
            'form' => $form->createView(),
            //--
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Displays a form to edit an existing Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function editAction($id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find Secteur entity.');
        }

        $editForm = $this->createEditForm($entity);
        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);

        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:edit.html.twig', array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'edit_form'   => $editForm->createView(),
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
        ));
    }

    /**
    * Creates a form to edit a Secteur entity.
    *
    * @param Secteur $entity The entity
    *
    * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
    */
    private function createEditForm(Secteur $entity)
    {
        $form = $this->createForm(new SecteurType(), $entity, array(
            'action' => $this->generateUrl('secteur_update', array('id' => $entity->getId())),
            'method' => 'PUT',
        ));
        //--
        $form->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => 'Modifier','attr'=>array('class'=>'btn-primary span2 offset5')));
         //--
        return $form;
    }
    /**
     * Edits an existing Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function updateAction(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find Secteur entity.');
        }

        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);
        $editForm = $this->createEditForm($entity);
        $editForm->handleRequest($request);

        if ($editForm->isValid()) {
            $em->flush();

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('secteur_edit', array('id' => $id)));
        }

        return $this->render('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur:edit.html.twig', array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'edit_form'   => $editForm->createView(),
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
        ));
    }
    /**
     * Deletes a Secteur entity.
     *
     */
    public function deleteAction(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $form = $this->createDeleteForm($id);
        $form->handleRequest($request);

        if ($form->isValid()) {
            $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
            $entity = $em->getRepository('FdrAdminBundle:Secteur')->find($id);

            if (!$entity) {
                throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find Secteur entity.');
            }

            $em->remove($entity);
            $em->flush();
        }

        return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('secteur'));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a form to delete a Secteur entity by id.
     *
     * @param mixed $id The entity id
     *
     * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
     */
    private function createDeleteForm($id)
    {
        return $this->createFormBuilder()
            ->setAction($this->generateUrl('secteur_delete', array('id' => $id)))
            ->setMethod('DELETE')
                //--
            ->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => ' ','attr'=>array('class'=>'btn-supp','title'=>'Supprimer')))
                //--
            ->getForm()
        ;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: C#/dotnet - How to detect if a previously executed process is running on Linux? I have a dotnet console application which executes other dotnet console applications only if they are not running.
In windows if I run like following (via process.Start()):
dotnet run Bookstore.SendSignUpEmails
dotnet run Bookstore.SetDatabaseFields

It set process names on Windows like Bookstore.SendSignUpEmails and Bookstore.SetDatabaseFields where I can find them easily by Process.GetProcessesByName and detect if they are still running or not.
But on Linux processes named dotnet and I cannot find any metadata around them. So I cannot determine if I should run those projects again or not.

So, how can I detect whether a project executed before is still running or not? Should I maybe write to a file then check it there? I still see there can be some race conditions and not very safe. Any suggestions?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Day Forty Three. 13.6 Miles, 21.9 Kilometers.
Written on June 1, 2012.
We slept in the original medieval hostel, Itzandegia. There are 55 bunkbeds in one room, sleeping 110 people. There is a newer, modern facility that was full when we arrived.
The middle row of bunkbeds at the medieval hostel in Roncesvalles.
The lights went on at 6 a.m. Everyone started to get ready to leave. A woman was drying her clothes with a hairdryer. The downstairs area where clothes were hanging was damp.
Me standing at a sign near the hostel showing the kilometers to Santiago, Spain.
1-1/2 miles down the road we found a cafe open. We had coffe and ordered two sandwiches. There are many Pilgrims leaving Roncesvalles. Most Pilgrims have walked from St. Jean Pied-de-Port. We met a couple who left their home in Paris and started walking on April 2nd.
A group of bicyclists from Italy.
Vern on his way over "stepping stones".
This entry was posted in Le Puy to Muxia, Uncategorized and tagged adventure, backpacking in Europe, backpacking in Spain, Basque Country, bicycling to Santiago, Camino de Santiago, fun while traveling, global neighbors, long distance walking, medieval hostel, Pilgrims, Spain, The Way of St. James, travel, walking in Spain by jaminmama. Bookmark the permalink.
I'm one of the four people from France : Bernard (as Bernie) and Mary – Gregory and Isabelle.
We returned in France on Thrusday 31th by train and for me, I worked on Friday.
The weather is rainy … the "chemin de St jacques" was better.
I'm glad to meet you and never forget you (we have some pictures) and "rock'n roll attitude" !
Take care and have some good days during "le chemin".
No more chocolate, always enjoy, keep smile !
I am happy to see the pictures of you two. I hope one day, i shall continue the camino untill you are now….but it will take some years, if I walk only two weeks by two weeks !


text:
Auction Analysis
Copper Coins
Dealers and Companies
Early American Coppers
Expert Columns
Greg Reynolds
Shows & Conventions
Long Beach Expo
Coin Rarities & Related Topics: The Al Boka Collection of Large Cents 'By Date'
News and Analysis of scarce coins, coin markets, and the coin collecting community #71
A Weekly Column by Greg Reynolds
On Thursday, Sept 8th, at 7:00 PM PT, Heritage will auction Al Boka's collection of large cents 'by date.' It is the lead offering of U.S. coins in Heritage's official auction of the Long Beach Coin, Stamp & Collectible Expo. This convention is held three times per year in Long Beach, California. Heritage will be auctioning a variety of U.S. and world coins.
Al Boka has been collecting large cents for decades. The current offering is of Boka's set of all types of large cents, dating from 1793 to 1857, not of Al's set of varieties of 1794 dated cents. One of the reasons why he is selling his overall collection is to focus upon his set of die varieties of just 1794 dated cents.
I, and many others, define the term 'date' to include readily apparent overdates and varieties that are defined by clear, substantial differences in the design elements. So, I note that Al Boka was collecting large cents of all types 'by date,' though he is missing a few dates, like the 1799 Normal Date and the 1823 Normal Date. I repeat that he is retaining his 1794s. Boka did not even include a duplicate 1794 in his overall set.
Someone, who incorrectly defines a 'date' as just a year, may wish to assert that Boka was collecting "major varieties" of large cents. Regardless of terminology, "The Al Boka Copperheads Collection" contains a number of excellent representatives of keys, better dates and type coins.
"In general, it's a lovely group," Denis Loring declares about Al Boka's set of large cents. A PCGS graded 'AU-55' Lettered Edge 1793 Wreath cent "is a beauty, with the Eliasberg pedigree," Loring adds.
Among the more than seventy-five large cents that Al Boka consigned, he had impressive representatives of five keys: the 1793 Liberty Cap, the 1799/8, the 1804, the 1823/2 and the 1839/6. The three just mentioned overdates are demanded by collectors of large cents 'by date,' in addition to being demanded by those who collect large cents 'by variety.' While the number of people who collect large cents 'by variety' can be counted in the hundreds, more than twenty-five thousand people collect at least one series of large cents 'by date.'
I. 1793 Liberty Cap Cent
Clearly, the most important large cent in this collection is Boka's 1793 Liberty Cap Cent. In 2008, I estimated that there survive around three hundred 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents in all grades, including the ungradable. While there are four die varieties of 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents, only a small number of people are willing and able to pursue representatives of all four die varieties. It is the thousands of people who collect early large cents 'by date' and those who regard this issue as a one-year type who are responsible for the intense demand for 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents.
Importantly, the PCGS defines 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents as one-year type coins. Chain Cents of 1793 and Wreath Cents of this same year are certainly each one-year type coin issues. Liberty Cap Large Cents, however, were produced from 1793 to 1796. There is a noticeable difference between 1793 Liberty Cap cents and those dating from 1794 to 1796.
The Liberty Cap cents of 1793 have beaded borders, beads near the edge, while those dating from 1794 to 1796 have dentilated borders. Dentils are raised toothlike structures that are found on many U.S. coins. Does the presence of beads rather than dentils really constitute a distinct design type, even though the coins otherwise appear the same? This is not a question to be answered here. A pertinent point is that demand for 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents became greater after the founding of the PCGS Registry, which requires both a 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cent and a second Liberty Cap, dating from 1794 to 1796, for an overall type set of classic U.S. coins and for various smaller type sets.
The Boka 1793 Liberty Cap is PCGS graded "AU-53" and is graded "Very Fine-35," by the cataloguer, Mark Borckardt, in accordance with criteria employed by a club of specialists in die varieties of early U.S. copper coins, the EAC. In my view, it just does not make sense to grade this coin less than EF-45. I grade it as AU-50. I believe that most leading grading experts (regarding all classic U.S. coins) would grade it as 50 or higher.
Andy Lustig remarks that it is a "solid AU" and, "despite some unevenness of color on the obverse and a fair number of minor rim nicks, the coin has tons of eye appeal and is easily one of the best 1793 Liberty Caps that I've ever seen." Andy has been attending major coin auctions and conventions for more than twenty-five years.
The Boka 1793 Liberty Cap is one of the finest known, in accordance with grading criteria employed by the PCGS or the NGC. The finest known is the Eliasberg piece, which is PCGS graded MS-64. The Eliasberg 1793 Liberty Cap was recently exhibited at the ANA Convention in Illinois, as part of the High Desert Type Set, which was assembled under the guidance of Scott Travers. The second finest known may be the Garrett coin, which I have never seen.
Some people regard the Naftzger-Husak 1793 as the third finest known, though I do not. It is PCGS graded "AU-55." I wrote about it in 2008 after it realized $632,500 in the Heritage auction of the Walter Husak collection of early date large cents. In that article, however, I was focusing more on the rarity of 1793 Liberty Cap cents in general, rather than focusing on the characteristics of the Husak 1793, which I now suggest should not have received a 55 grade.
I find the Naftzger-Halpern-Holmes 1793 Liberty Cap to be of higher quality than the Husak piece. Like the Boka coin, it is PCGS graded AU-53. The Naftzger-Halpern-Holmes 1793 Liberty Cap sold for $506,000 in Sept. 2009 when the Goldbergs auctioned Dan Holmes' collection of early date large cents.
Denis Loring states that the Boka 1793 Liberty Cap is "pretty much defect-free except for a couple of tiny rim nicks." Indeed, Loring emphasizes that "there are no defects being hidden by the [PCGS holder]. There's nothing wrong with it at all, and I expect it will bring big bucks." Loring is one of the most experienced and sophisticated of all large cent collectors. Denis has been studying the details of rare large cents for decades.
The Boka 1793 Liberty Cap is more than attractive. The contact marks in the fields and on the design elements are very minor. The only significant marks are a few very small rim nicks. The fields are naturally smooth and pleasing. The outer design elements are sharply defined and show only slight traces of wear. The darker area in the center of the obverse (front of the coin) indicates that this coin is naturally retoning rather nicely; it is becoming more attractive over time. Although I would have to see more high grade 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents to form a firm opinion, I would not be surprised to find that the Boka coin is one of the six finest known 1793 Liberty Cap Large Cents overall.
II. 1823/2 Matron Head Cent
Among Middle Dates, the 1823, the 1823/2 overdate, and the 1839/6 overdate are the only rarities, as dates. (Die varieties are a different topic.) A readily noticeable overdate often (though not always) has the status of a distinct 'date.' The 1823/2 cent, by tradition, is collected as a distinct date. So, both an 1823 and an 1823/2 are needed for a complete set of Matron Head Large Cents 'by date'!
While the 1823 is slightly rarer overall, both issues are tremendous condition rarities in grades of AU-50 or higher. Neither the PCGS nor the NGC has graded an 1823/2 as MS-60 or higher. Both services together have only graded ten to fourteen DIFFERENT 1823/2 cents in the AU-50 to AU-58 range.
Boka's 1823/2 is PCGS graded "AU-53" and is very likely to be among the ten finest known 1823/2 cents. It is unfortunate that early copper specialists grade this coin from Very Fine-30 to Extremely Fine-40. This coin is very nearly uncirculated. A much stronger case could be made for assigning it an AU-55 grade than for an EF-40 grade. Yes, it is true that this coin has several medium contact marks in the obverse left inner field and on Miss Liberty, especially in the area where her jaw meets her neck. Early copper specialists seem to be deducting significant grade increments due to these few contact marks. Such deductions would not be recognized in the mainstream of the coin collecting community. I am more concerned that some of these contact marks seem to be obscured by dirt or gunk, which is removable. These contact marks, though, are clear in the excellent high resolution images on the Heritage website.
This is one of the best 1823/2 cents that collectors are likely to ever see. It has no serious problems and is very likable. In my view, the PCGS grade is fair and accurate. The 1823/2 issue in general and this coin in particular are under-appreciated, from a logical perspective.
III. 1839/6 Overdate Cents
The Matron Head type ends in 1835 and another type of Middle Dates was minted from some point in 1835 until 1839. These are distinct from the 'Late Date,' Braided Hair design type that started in 1839 and continued until 1857. It is true that the type of 1835 to 1839, which features the 'Head of 1836' and the 'Head of 1838,' needs a widely accepted name. The key to this type, and one of the rarest of all Middle Date Large Cents, is the 1839/6 overdate.
In 2009, I tentatively suggested that there exist around three hundred 1839/6 cents, in all grades. If I am correct, coincidentally, the 1793 Liberty Cap and the 1839/6 cent would be equally rare. I devoted hours to formulating my hypothesis that three hundred 1793 Liberty Cap cents exist. I am not so sure about the number of surviving 1839/6 cents.
In a conversation in March 2009, Chris McCawley found my estimate of three hundred 1839/6 cents to be "fair." McCawley then pointed out that "two-thirds of them grade Good at best, and maybe ten to twelve could be called Extremely Fine [40] or better."
Al Boka has three 1839/6 cents, of different die states. Dies progressively wear and sometimes fracture. Boka has 1839/6 cents from three different phases of the same pair of dies. Most collectors of large cents, however, would be happy to own one 1839/6 cent. I suggest that interested collectors acquire just one.
The first of Boka's 1839/6 cents, an early die state, is PCGS graded 'Fine-15.' It seems acceptable. Indeed, it is better than most large cents that are graded Fine-15.
Boka's second 1839/6, a middle die state, is PCGS graded Very Fine-25 and the Heritage cataloguer, Mark Borckardt, actually agrees with the PCGS grade. It was lightly to moderately dipped very long ago. It has naturally retoned to a significant extent. It is somewhat to mostly original now. There are not many contact marks and this coin does not have any serious problems. It is nice for a VF-25 grade cent.
Boka's third 1839/6 is also PCGS graded "VF-25," though it is not as nice. It is of the rarer and readily apparent late die state with horizontal lines from die cracks in the obverse (front) fields. The colors on this coin are awkward. Furthermore, it is not an exciting or pleasing coin, in my view. Collectors who are enthusiastic about seeing the effects of die cracks, however, will like it. This coin does not have any severe problems.
The PCGS has graded just four 1839/6 cents as VF-25, two of which were just mentioned, and only eleven of higher grades, a total which undoubtedly includes some multiple counts of individual coins. The NGC has graded only three above VF-25. Denis Loring remarks that the 1839/6 in general is "tremendously underrated." I hypothesize that Boka's second 1839/6 is one of the ten finest known, considering all die states.
IV. 1849 'Late Date' Cent
Late Date Large Cents were minted from 1839 to 1857. In my opinion, the 'Braided Hair' name to be appropriate for this type. Among many Late Date Large Cents in the Boka collection, an 1849 in particular caught my attention. It is PCGS certified 'MS-64 Red & Brown.' Experts at the PCGS have determined that it has a significant amount of original Mint Red color and I have no doubt that it does. The Boka 1849 is very attractive. Indeed, the original red and toned brown blend on this coin is especially appealing. In my view, it is an excellent coin that is certainly worth a premium.
V. 1799/8 Draped Bust Cent
The 1799 and the 1799/8 are famous large cent issues. Together, large cents of this year are very scarce. Separately, the 1799/8 is truly rare and neither the PCGS nor the NGC has certified a 1799/8 as grading MS-60 or higher. The PCGS has graded just four in the range from EF-40 to AU-58.
The NGC has determined that Boka's 1799/8 overdate is not gradable and that it has the "Details" of an AU-grade coin. The Heritage cataloguer, Mark Borckardt grades it as "VF-30" and points out that other noted large cent specialists have assigned grades ranging from Fine-15 to VF-35.
In many instances, large cent specialists assign numerical grades to coins that the PCGS or the NGC regard as ungradable. In some ways, the grading standards of copper specialists are more conservative and, in other ways, more liberal than the standards of the PCGS or the NGC. It is best to say that their respective criteria are very different.
For coins that the PCGS regards as gradable, in a majority of cases, Borckardt's grades are lower than the PCGS grades, though, in some cases, Borckardt's grades are higher. Boka's 1822 cent is PCGS certified 'MS-62 Brown' and is graded "MS-63" by Borckardt. Boka's 1828 is PCGS graded "AU-58+" and Borckardt graded "MS-60+."
It is relevant to the Boka 1799/8 that, even in this Boka collection, there are other examples of coins that the NGC indicated are not deserving of a numerical grade, yet have received numerical grades in the Very Fine range from more than one member of the famous club of early copper specialists, the EAC. They do not consider artificial coloring, additives, smoothing, and even repairs to be as serious as do experts at the PCGS, for example, who refer to such coins just as "Genuine" and "Not Gradable." The NGC assigns a non-numerical 'Details' grade, related to the level of sharpness, to a coin that is not gradable. Early copper specialists seem to view all large cents as being gradable.
In my view, experts at the NGC made the right decision by determining that this 1799/8 is not gradable. There is the serious problem regarding the neck and this coin has other issues. Nonetheless, its overall 'look' is not bad. At a glance, it fits into a set of gradable early date large cents. It certainly 'looks' much better, to the naked eye, than several of the other 1799/8 cents that are also not gradable. It is important to consider the rarity and historical importance of the 1799/8 issue, along with this coin's impressive level of sharpness and its tolerable color. The Boka 1799/8 is a desirable coin that thousands of collectors would like very much like to have.
VI. 1804 Draped Bust Cent
The 1804 cent issue is scarce and very famous. It is a condition rarity in grades above Very Fine. Al Boka's 1804 cent is almost certainly one of the twenty-five finest known.
Boka's 1804 is an especially appealing coin. It is PCGS graded Extremely Fine-40 and it is so. This coin is characterized by even, honest wear. While there is one moderate scratch from the chin to the border, there are very few contact marks, just a few light gashes. All these imperfections would be consistent with a grade above 40. This coin has too much wear, though, for it to grade above 40. This coin is really pleasing for a 40 grade coin. There is no evidence of a significant cleaning and it has probably never been dipped. I believe that the reddish-brown color is natural. The Boka 1804 is very attractive for an EF-40 grade Draped Bust Large Cent.
I am not devoting much space to discuss the Boka 1807/6, which is a very scarce as well. It is PCGS graded "MS-62" and Borckardt graded "AU-55." At best, this coin grades 55. I would not recommend it.
There are many desirable cents in Al Boka's "Copperheads Collection." I wish it was practical to discuss all of them. Boka's set is impressive. In most cases, Boka selected coins that had naturally smooth fields. Of course, I do not mean perfectly smooth. I am referring to coins that have much fewer imperfections in the fields than average coins of the same respective dates and grades, including imperfections from contact and imperfections that were caused by U.S. Mint personnel. Indeed, this seemed to be a common denominator for most of the coins in Al Boka's set of large cents.
In other respects as well, Al Boka selected appealing coins for his set of large cents. It was a pleasure to view Boka's collection. I imagine that collectors and dealers will enthusiastically bid on many of his coins.
©2011 Greg Reynolds
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer
Liwei Wei, Carla M. Firetto, P. Karen Murphy, Mengyi Li, Jeffrey A. Greene, Rachel M.V. Croninger
MLFTC: Teacher Preparation, Division of
Literacy instruction in the 21st century must bolster students' ability to critically process text and craft well-reasoned written argumentation. The authors investigated changes in fourth-grade students' (N = 28; 15 girls) written argumentation as they used a researcher-developed graphic organizer (i.e., Quality Talk graphic organizer [QTGO]). The authors also examined the extent to which students' graphic organizer performance predicted their written argumentation and whether such prediction was sustained across genres. Both QTGO responses and written argumentation essays were scored for quantity and quality. Multilevel modeling analyses reveal that (a) both quantity and quality of students' written argumentation essays statistically significantly improved after students used QTGO and (b) students' graphic organizer performance seemed to attenuate the effect of genre on their written argumentation for both quantity and quality. Results suggest that QTGO facilitated students' written argumentation, making it easier for fourth-grade students to write about both narrative and expository texts.
Journal of Educational Research
Written argumentation
fourth-grade students
graphic organizer
quality talk graphic organizer
Dive into the research topics of 'Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
argumentation Social Sciences 100%
student Social Sciences 24%
genre Social Sciences 21%
literacy Social Sciences 8%
instruction Social Sciences 7%
narrative Social Sciences 7%
Wei, L., Firetto, C. M., Murphy, P. K., Li, M., Greene, J. A., & Croninger, R. M. V. (2019). Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer. Journal of Educational Research, 112(5), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2019.1654428
Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation : The use of an argumentation graphic organizer. / Wei, Liwei; Firetto, Carla M.; Murphy, P. Karen; Li, Mengyi; Greene, Jeffrey A.; Croninger, Rachel M.V.
In: Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 112, No. 5, 03.09.2019, p. 627-639.
Wei, L, Firetto, CM, Murphy, PK, Li, M, Greene, JA & Croninger, RMV 2019, 'Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer', Journal of Educational Research, vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2019.1654428
Wei L, Firetto CM, Murphy PK, Li M, Greene JA, Croninger RMV. Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer. Journal of Educational Research. 2019 Sep 3;112(5):627-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2019.1654428
Wei, Liwei ; Firetto, Carla M. ; Murphy, P. Karen ; Li, Mengyi ; Greene, Jeffrey A. ; Croninger, Rachel M.V. / Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation : The use of an argumentation graphic organizer. In: Journal of Educational Research. 2019 ; Vol. 112, No. 5. pp. 627-639.
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title = "Facilitating fourth-grade students{\textquoteright} written argumentation: The use of an argumentation graphic organizer",
abstract = "Literacy instruction in the 21st century must bolster students{\textquoteright} ability to critically process text and craft well-reasoned written argumentation. The authors investigated changes in fourth-grade students{\textquoteright} (N = 28; 15 girls) written argumentation as they used a researcher-developed graphic organizer (i.e., Quality Talk graphic organizer [QTGO]). The authors also examined the extent to which students{\textquoteright} graphic organizer performance predicted their written argumentation and whether such prediction was sustained across genres. Both QTGO responses and written argumentation essays were scored for quantity and quality. Multilevel modeling analyses reveal that (a) both quantity and quality of students{\textquoteright} written argumentation essays statistically significantly improved after students used QTGO and (b) students{\textquoteright} graphic organizer performance seemed to attenuate the effect of genre on their written argumentation for both quantity and quality. Results suggest that QTGO facilitated students{\textquoteright} written argumentation, making it easier for fourth-grade students to write about both narrative and expository texts.",
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author = "Liwei Wei and Firetto, {Carla M.} and Murphy, {P. Karen} and Mengyi Li and Greene, {Jeffrey A.} and Croninger, {Rachel M.V.}",
note = "Funding Information: 1 The data reported herein was collected as part of a larger project funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. While participants in this study also make up approximately half of the participants reported in Murphy et al. ( 2017 ) the outcomes reported in this manuscript are not reported elsewhere. Additionally, the focus of Murphy et al. ( 2017 ) specifically pertained to the differences in grouping composition (i.e., comparing students in groups of homogeneous ability vs. groups of heterogeneous ability) as participants engaged in QT over the year. Funding Information: This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences through Grant R305A130031 to the Pennsylvania State University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, {\textcopyright} 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",
journal = "Journal of Educational Research",
T1 - Facilitating fourth-grade students' written argumentation
T2 - The use of an argumentation graphic organizer
AU - Wei, Liwei
AU - Firetto, Carla M.
AU - Murphy, P. Karen
AU - Li, Mengyi
AU - Greene, Jeffrey A.
AU - Croninger, Rachel M.V.
N1 - Funding Information: 1 The data reported herein was collected as part of a larger project funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. While participants in this study also make up approximately half of the participants reported in Murphy et al. ( 2017 ) the outcomes reported in this manuscript are not reported elsewhere. Additionally, the focus of Murphy et al. ( 2017 ) specifically pertained to the differences in grouping composition (i.e., comparing students in groups of homogeneous ability vs. groups of heterogeneous ability) as participants engaged in QT over the year. Funding Information: This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences through Grant R305A130031 to the Pennsylvania State University. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
N2 - Literacy instruction in the 21st century must bolster students' ability to critically process text and craft well-reasoned written argumentation. The authors investigated changes in fourth-grade students' (N = 28; 15 girls) written argumentation as they used a researcher-developed graphic organizer (i.e., Quality Talk graphic organizer [QTGO]). The authors also examined the extent to which students' graphic organizer performance predicted their written argumentation and whether such prediction was sustained across genres. Both QTGO responses and written argumentation essays were scored for quantity and quality. Multilevel modeling analyses reveal that (a) both quantity and quality of students' written argumentation essays statistically significantly improved after students used QTGO and (b) students' graphic organizer performance seemed to attenuate the effect of genre on their written argumentation for both quantity and quality. Results suggest that QTGO facilitated students' written argumentation, making it easier for fourth-grade students to write about both narrative and expository texts.
AB - Literacy instruction in the 21st century must bolster students' ability to critically process text and craft well-reasoned written argumentation. The authors investigated changes in fourth-grade students' (N = 28; 15 girls) written argumentation as they used a researcher-developed graphic organizer (i.e., Quality Talk graphic organizer [QTGO]). The authors also examined the extent to which students' graphic organizer performance predicted their written argumentation and whether such prediction was sustained across genres. Both QTGO responses and written argumentation essays were scored for quantity and quality. Multilevel modeling analyses reveal that (a) both quantity and quality of students' written argumentation essays statistically significantly improved after students used QTGO and (b) students' graphic organizer performance seemed to attenuate the effect of genre on their written argumentation for both quantity and quality. Results suggest that QTGO facilitated students' written argumentation, making it easier for fourth-grade students to write about both narrative and expository texts.
KW - Written argumentation
KW - fourth-grade students
KW - graphic organizer
KW - quality talk graphic organizer
JO - Journal of Educational Research
JF - Journal of Educational Research


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Sometimes it's best to just not read the paper. If it isn't the economy of the planet squishing like a bug on a windshield, then it's the fact that we will all be poisoned in the near future.
This is a link to a story in the New York Times about the ecological poisoning of Asia, & the rest of the world, on a massive, rapid scale.
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Last month and at this very spot, I was writing about the Nuremberg Model and Toy Fair not taking place again. I had the feeling that that was a really serious problem which affected the model business as well as the modelling community as a whole. Today, however, everything is completely different. Serious events have happened and suddenly the mere fact that some toy fair did not take place seems to be completely irrelevant. A war has broken offut less than a thousand kilometers away. Putin's Russia, along with that its subordinate dictator Lukashenko, shamelessly invaded Ukraine, an independent and free state, under the bizarre pretext of de-nazification and demilitarization. In an effort to build a new empire within the borders of the former Soviet Union, Putin has treaded in the footsteps of past evil leaders destroying Russia. He and his oligarchs are only getting rich, ordinary Russians on the other hand are only poorer and poorer every single day. To divert attention from his deeds, Putin only blames both the enemies abroad the domestic opposition. His expansionism only seems to copy Hitler and Stalin. And on top of that, Putin also scars the world with his nukes. Even in my worst dreams, I was not able to imagine anything resembling the current situation.
The fact that the people of Ukraine have stood up to the agression and keeps fighting off the enemy hoards is incredible and admirable at the same moment. The whole of Europe backs Ukraine. I hope that Ukraine will keep resisting the enemy machinery, that justice will prevail and that the freedom of Ukraine and her people will win eventually. If not, we all will gradually lose our freedom too. And just believe me that the people here in Central Europe keep very well the memoriwa of what it was to lose their freedom to the Kremlin and the frost coming from the East.
The people of Czechoslovakia experienced such tragic events back in 1968. It is already clear now that the price we all will have to pay for the freedom of Ukraine as well as our freedom will be high. Perhaps all Europe will need to tighten their belts. But please keep in mind that the freedom is much more important and one must not give way to evil. So, support Ukraine and her brave people, please.
Sadly, and just becuase of insanity of one lunatic individual, our editorial may seem more like political information. However, Special Hobby is a model-making company and all we want is to keep making models never mind the outside situation. This month being no exception, of course. Everything goes on smoothly here. The 1/48 AH-1G Cobra is going to become one of the flagships in the Special Hobby range of kits and this month will see its premiere. We do believe the modellers will like the model, we have done our best to reach the latest standards both in the realistic levels of surface detail and in the straightforward and easy assembly. The second release for this March will be the 1/72 Junkers Ju 87D-5 Stuka, model no.SH72448. This is the first of several future limited releases based on the exceptional Academy Ju 87G kit. Our team have designed and injection moulded an extra sprue with conversion as well as correction parts, which when accompanied by a fret of etches are going to turn the Academy styrene parts into a couple of various Junkers Ju 87 versions, from the D-1 through to the D-8. The other two kits I am going to mention now are not insignificant either. The Sunderland Mk.I/II and the Messerschmitt Bf 109E-7 trop simply belong to the iconic WW2 models. Our regular monthly range of kits and accessory cannot fail to offer pre-cut masks, too, this time aptly for the AH-1G Cobra and the Junkers Ju 87D-5 Stuka kits.
From our resin cast products, let me point out the 1/72 Mosquito sets for the Airfix kit and the all-resin 1/72 Zetor 25 tractor – the military version now. Our team have also finished a few new 3D sets in 1/35. A real gem is the Luftschutz helmet, a pair of which can be found in the set, joined by etches and a decal sheet.
Among the new kits due for this April release, let me draw your attention to the limited release of the 1/35 Panhard 178B. The styrene parts of the kit originate in ICM's kit and are joined now by a huge amount of resin cast conversion parts, turned metal barrel and a fret of etches. And the new set of modelling tool will be no less interesting, believe me.
A. Riedel
SPECIAL HOBBY PLASTIC MODEL KITS
AH-1G 'Spanish & IDF/AF Cobras'
Art.no. Scale Barcode
100-SH48202 1/48 8594071088545
The AH-1G Cobra was the very first helicopter primarily developed for anti ground missions. AH-1G Cobras saw their combat premiere in Vietnam in 1967. The early machines can be recognized by the tail with port-side mounted tail rotor, later ones had the usual configuration of the tail rotor on the starboard side. The AH-1G became the first member of a really wide family of ground attack helicopters which keep on serving until these days. The G version fought in the Vietnam war, saw service in the skies of the USA, Westen Europe and was also succesfully exported abroad – the G models could be seen flying both in Spain and Israel.
And this is what you will find in our first boxing of the quarter scale Cobra kit – superbly detailed kit coming on as many as ten styrene sprues joined by one of clear parts, plus colour options for two machines of the Spanish Navy in fancy dark blue guise and another two, though in drab olive, which can boast themselves by taking part in introducing the idea of armed combat helicopters to the Israeli air force. Let us also mention that all these four airframes were fitted with the Vulcan cannon-based M35 weapon system carried along the sides of the fuselage (ammunition boxes) and under the port-side stub wing (the cannon itself)
The model of the historicaly very first combat helicopter
Top-notch quarter scale AH-1G model kit made to the current standards. Any other model in this scale is hugely outdated.
Decal sheet with a full set of stencils and markings for four machines
Short Sunderland Mk.I/II 'Flying Porcupine'
Our kit features one of the arguably most famous flying boats of the aviation history. The The Sunderland is arguably one of the most famous and most well known flying boats in the history of aviation. Its initial version, the Mk.I was introduced to service before the outbreak of the war while the Mk.II version was the first Sunderland variety to start serving with the British military in the war years. Both these versions differed from the later ones by having sharp-shaped hull step and also featured twin dorsal fuselage gunner positions. Only the latest batches of the Mk.II featured the single dorsal gun turret so very much typical for Mk.III and later airframes. The very long range and heavy armament made the Sunderland feared adversary and a very successful Nazi-submarine hunter which was very much capable of defending itself against the long range Luftwaffe fighter aircraft.
A model of the British anti-submarine flying boat.
The decal sheet brings markings for a 10 Sqn RAAF machine plus three more operated by the RAF.
Highly detailed interior parts
Panel lines made to scale, not over accentuated
Junkers Ju 87D-5 Stuka 'Axis Satellites'
Academy's top quality styrene injected parts of their Junkers Ju 87G-2 kit has been joined now by Special Hobby's own new conversion parts enabling the modeller to build the original kit in the D-5 variety. On top of that, we have to say that our parts also tackle a few of the trouble spots the Academy kit unfortunately possesses. This version actualy was the final one of all Stuka bomber versions and was operated not just by the Luftwaffe but by other German allies too. So, the decal sheet and colour schemes included in the kit portray machines flown in Rumania, Hungary, Slovakia and Bulgaria.The Rumanian machine was adorned with lettering on either side of the fuselage while the Hungarian one carries a name.
Unusual and attractive-looking version
Eye-catching decals coming with a complete set of stencils
Available in limited quantity only
Messerschmitt Bf 109E-Trop/E-7 Trop 'Braving Sand and Snow'
If you hear 'Messerschmitt Bf 109' it no doubt is a synonym for a fighter aeroplane. And what an aeroplane the one-oh-nine was. In active service from 1936 until 1954 in a number of countries, in front line duty since the Spanish Civil War and remained till the end of the Second World War, and some machines even in a couple of post war years. The so-called Emil, which name stands for the 109 E version, was the first version of the type to have been equiped with the DB601 powerplant. It is arguably unmistakably connected with the outbreak of the hostilities, the attack on Poland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. The Battle of Britain was the pinnacle of Emil's career though, and the type went on to serve with no less success also over the Balkans, Africa or Malta. Until 1941, alongside the most iconic aircraft of all times, the Spritfire, the Emil was the very best the fighter pilots of those time could fly.
Our model brings no less than four schemes of machines flying over north Africa. Various schemes have been picked up to show how colourful and eye-catching the machines in desert colour might be. And to make the matter even more interesting to the modeller, one of the schemes feature the machine with one of its wings replaced with a new one in European style colours. The parts of the kit are laid out to two styrene sprues and a small one with clear parts. You can build the model with engine cowl and wing gun panels removed, with the wing flaps down and slats in the open position.
superbly accurate and very finely detailed model
can be built with the engine cowl removed
can be displayed with open slats and flaps down
accurately designed decals featuring markings for four machines, including full set of stencils
paint masks for wheels and clear parts available too
wide range of separate detail sets available
SPECIAL MASK
Junkers Ju 87D/G Stuka Mask /Special Hobby and Academy kit
100-M72038 1/72 8594071088538
Pre-cut painting mask for the undercarriage wheels and clear parts of the Academy Junkers Ju 87G kit and Special Hobby reboxing of the same model that comes with resin converison parts and portrays the Ju 87D version.
AH-1G Cobra Mask
Pre-cut masks for both the outside and inside of the canopy clear parts of the 1/48 Specia Hobby AH-1G Cobra model.
RESIN KITS & SETS
Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk.4 Cockpit
129-4445 1/48 8595593129365
Resin cast cockpit set with fine levels of detail, comes with photo etches too, a straightforward replacement of the rather simply-looking Airfix kit parts.
Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk.4 Airbrakes
The air brakes are rather important feature of the CL-13 Sabre rear fuselage. Our new, resin made air brakes offer much better details than the original kit styrene parts.
Zetor 25 'Military w/Towbar for MiG 15/17s'
129-MV128 1/72 8595593129327
The Zetor 25 tractor was among the first products of the post-war Czechoslovak industry and also the very first tractor to have been manufactured by the Zetor company. Up until 1961 when the production line stopped, almost 160 000 of them had been produced and nearly 100 000 examples also sold both in Europe and Asia. This tractor not only saw use in the civil field, it was also widely used by the army, and very often for towing military jets on the tarmac of the air bases. Which means that at that time, you might have seen it taking care of a MiG 15 or 17 fighter. Our finely detailed resin cast model also comes with a set of etches, decal sheet and a 3D-printed tow bar via which you can mate the tractor with one of your early MiG jets.
Mosquito B Mk.XVI Undercarriage Wheels
Undercarriage main wheels with separate cast hubs, a tail wheel leg made from special very tough PX resin, plus a separate cast tail wheel, all of which is designed to fit Airfix's Mosquito B Mk.XVI. As these Airfix kits feature a rather serious flaw – the undercarriage legs are very close to each other resulting in a very narrow wheel tyre, this set cannot be used with any other Mosquito kits (Tamiya, Hasegawa)
Mosquito B Mk.XVI Exhausts
Resin cast exhausts featuring fine levels of detail, 3D designed and readily replace the original styrene ones which lack most of the details, the hollowed out openings and come in wrong shape.
Small Arms for the Volkssturm Set III.
129-P35003 1/35 8595593129310
One more set in our new 3D-printed range of products. As you will already know, all the parts of these kits are produced on a top-notch 3D printer, no resin cast copies. The modeller needs nothing more than their usual skills already employed on working with our previous resin kits. This set brings very finely rendered fire arms of the German Volkssturm in 1944-45, i.e. the RMP44 submachine gun, the MP3008 submachine gun of the initial type produced by Mauser and featuring a metal arm rest, a Volkssturmgewehr VG1 rifle and a MG81 machine gun, originally an anti-aircraft weapon later adapted for ground use.
Luftschutz Helmet (2pcs)
The civil anti-aircraft defence in Germany was arranged by the 1935 law. Its massive development started with the outbreak of the war, its operation extended to occupied territories too. To take parts in anti-aircraft patrols, blackout watches, fire fighting etc, the members of the Luftschutz (or Air Defence) were equipped with distinctively-shaped helmets. Late in the war, these helmets were used as a stop-gap measure by the Volkssturm, what is even more interesting, the helmets were also seen used by anti-German insurgents for example during the Warsaw Uprising or at the end of war in Prague or other Czech towns.
Our 3D-printed helmes have photo-etched straps and the set also offers a decal sheet with Luftschutz badges and markings of the insurgent warriors.


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Virginia Can and Must Do Better on College Affordability
August 18, 2018 by Bill DeSteph
This Op-Ed by Senator Bill DeSteph and Senator Chap Peterson of Fairfax appeared in the Virginian Pilot on February 4th 2017
On more than a few occasions, we — a Democrat from Fairfax and a Republican from Virginia Beach — find ourselves polar opposites when it comes to a host of issues. But when it comes to higher education, there is no debate.
Study after study, including one prepared for Virginia's State Council on Higher Education, states that a higher education is the key to innovation and prosperity. We agree.
We also agree with the report when it says that, "regardless of the reasons, higher prices mean fewer families can gain the education and training they need to grow and prosper in their communities."
But when a $1 reduction in public funding for Virginia's public colleges and universities is quickly followed by a $2 increase in tuition or fees — a fact that is typically left out of discussions about college affordability — it's fair to ask why that occurs.
Of course, everything is more expensive than it was 20 years ago. But does it make sense that average tuition at Virginia public colleges has increased more than five times faster than a 36 percent increase in the consumer price index over the same period? Does it make sense that tuition has increased 30 percent faster than the cost of health care? To both questions, our answers are no.
This, by the way, is not a theoretical issue. It is real life.
A Virginia worker making a median wage must set aside nearly half a year of work (without taxes) to pay a Virginia public college tuition bill that's grown to a staggering $30,000 a year. Of course, that doesn't cover associated costs.
Do Virginia's average workers make $120,000 or more a year? Of course not. Because if they did, Virginia wouldn't currently be facing revenue deficits and budget shortfalls like the $1 billion deficit that the General Assembly faces in this fiscal year.
Then there is the other side of the story. Of the 23 people on the 2015-2016 state payroll who earned over $500,000 a year, 15 earned a check from one of Virginia's public colleges or universities.
Voters are not happy with how Virginia's public colleges and universities are being managed by their leaders. In a recent statewide poll, 66 percent of voters said they have a connection to one of our public colleges or universities, either through their own experiences or through a family member. Despite those allegiances, 75 percent also say they are "too expensive."
As for priorities, 78 percent of voters say the boards of our public colleges and universities have an obligation to put the interests of Virginia's students, their families and taxpayers first. Indeed, that is the whole point of a "Board of Visitors," which ostensibly runs each institution.
That means fostering a cost-efficient model for public education, not subordinating this mission to achieve a couple rankings points in "U.S. News and World Report." It also means that Board of Visitors must have the courage to stand up to college administrations when they see examples of obvious fiscal excess — or see tuition increases being passed along to families when those increases are both unnecessary and illogical.
Too many Virginians have lost confidence in our colleges and universities to wisely administer their most precious resources — "the land and the brand" — which belong to the commonwealth. That sentiment explains why over two dozen bills were introduced this session to limit the skyrocketing cost of higher education, re-energize Boards of Visitors and provide full information to families who pay the costs.
Candidly, it appears few such reform bills will see the legislative light of day in 2017. Indeed, it's easier for Richmond lawmakers to just enjoy the gold-plated amenities of Virginia's universities, without examining who pays for these luxuries through higher fees and tuitions.
Nevertheless, regardless of the sponsor's region or political party, each reform bill should receive a full hearing because — as the SCHEV study plainly put it — public higher education today is at a crossroads.
It is simply wrong for Virginia's students and their families to bear the burden of unconscionable tuition increases — at precisely a time when college affordability should be a basic economic imperative. The General Assembly has a clear and obvious responsibility to meet these concerns.
We can do better. And must.
Filed Under: News Tagged With: College, College Loans, Higher Education, Student Debt, Tuition


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You are here: Home » Books » The Day We Lost the H-Bomb » Praise for The Day We Lost the H-Bomb
Praise for The Day We Lost the H-Bomb
Moran investigates the military's absurd scramble for recovery and spin control, the helpful discoveries by local fishermen and shepherds and the rather incredible insouciance over the spilling of plutonium on land and at sea. Displaying a solid grasp of U.S. military maneuvers, she also provides the fascinating story of the Navy's experimental mini-submarine "Alvin", which was used for recovery of the elusive fourth bomb. An able exploration of one of the turning points in nuclear-arms awareness.
– Kirkus Reviews
As more countries are ominously inching toward membership in the Nuclear Weapons Club, Barbara Moran's compelling account of a Cold War disaster resonates today.
…The author uncovered new information and inspected newly declassified material in preparing a book that is both highly readable and well researched; there are 27 pages of bibliography and 55 pages of author notes.
She also artfully weaves in the history of SAC and its larger-than-life leader, Gen. Curtis LeMay, the Cold War tensions, the government's hit-and-miss news blackout, public opinion in Spain, popular culture of the time (i.e. the 1966 James Bond film "Thunderball" and the 1964 film "Dr. Strangelove"), and the personalities and intertwining politics of other key players in the bomb recovery.
— Albuquerque Journal
If you think losing your keys or cell phone is stressful, try misplacing four hydrogen bombs. Barbara Moran recounts one of the biggest "my bad" moments in U.S. history with The Day We Lost the H-Bomb. A 1966 mid-air collision over the Spanish coast produced a PR nightmare for the U.S. military, as officials were forced to address difficult inquires from both the press and international community. ("No comment" doesn't hold water once it's been revealed you're trying to figure out just where you left that instrument of mass devastation.) Moran does a fantastic job exploring a story that will hit home with fans of Dr. Strangelove (SPOILER: there is no bomb-riding Slim Pickens in this version) and RFK's Thirteen Days.
– Dave Callahan, omnivoracious.com
In her first book, journalist Barbara Moran exhibits dogged research and an eye for detail in reconstructing one such incident. "The Day We Lost the H-Bomb" revisits the 1966 explosion of a U.S. Air Force B-52 bomber carrying four hydrogen bombs over the Spanish village of Palomares, a story the book's subtitle trumpets as "the worst nuclear weapons disaster" ever. Moran, whose background is in television documentary production, takes a cinematic approach, describing everything from the Catalan shrimp fishermen who rescued the U.S. flyers parachuting from the massive plane to the contents of President Lyndon Johnson's breakfast (melon, chipped beef and hot tea) when he got news of the accident at 7:05 a.m. Moran spent years collecting this wealth of detail, interviewing the Air Force officers who survived the crash and exhuming every declassified document she could find on the topic. She even accompanied Air Force officials on a mid-air refueling (the proximate cause of the accident) so she could explain that difficult maneuver.
Her efforts yield an often-riveting tale. Although the conventional explosives in some of the warheads blew up on impact, scattering debris and radiation, the nuclear charges (thankfully) did not detonate. The Air Force quickly recovered three of the four hydrogen bombs on land. But the fourth sank to the bottom of the Mediterranean, setting off a frantic scramble to find it before the Soviets did.
To her credit, Moran captures some of the flavor of the Cold War, including the Air Force's determination to keep part of its nuclear arsenal perpetually airborne for fear of a surprise attack. She recounts with some humor how, in the midst of the recovery effort, Johnson went to the White House screening room to watch "Thunderball," the latest James Bond film, in which the evil "Spectre" organization crashes a NATO plane loaded with two nuclear bombs into the ocean, retrieves the bombs underwater and holds them for ransom.
A balanced and well documented history of a defining moment in the early nuclear age. The author has found all the pieces and people, and she writes about them marvelously well. This is the best Palomares book yet written.
– Thomas C. Reed, former Secretary of the Air Force, and author, The Nuclear Express
A concise and readable history of the Cold War, the events that led up to the accident, and the reaction to and handling of it…The research behind the narrative is impressive, relying heavily on primary sources and participant interviews. There have been three previous books on the accident, but two of these were published within a year of the event, depending of necessity on press reports and immediate reaction or impressions, and the third, published in 1997, was written by a participant. Moran had access to a wide range of now declassified sources, and the result reflects this in-depth research and independent approach.
– Wayne Pittman, founder, B-52 Stratofortress Association
This book is very enjoyable, informative, and, I believe, unbiased. I found it hard to put down once I started reading it… I highly recommend this book to anyone who would appreciate an unbiased snapshot on "the worst nuclear weapons disaster in history."
– Health Physics


England Rugby and Premiership Rugby have announced a commitment to work with Stonewall, which will see the three organisations support and promote LGBT inclusion in rugby.
As part of their commitment, England Rugby, Premiership Rugby and the Rugby Players' Association (RPA) will once again support the Rainbow Laces campaign, scheduled for November 2017.
As part of England Rugby's four year strategic plan, which was announced last week, the governing body re-stated its ongoing commitment to diversity and inclusion at all levels of the game.
Clubs and players across the community will also be informed of ways to promote inclusion and how to get behind the campaign.


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Hurricane Isaias Gains Strength
By John Conrad Aug 1, 2020
Miami, Fl. (Florida News Network)- At 800 PM EDT, the center of Hurricane Isaias was located by Air Force and NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft near latitude 22.9 North, longitude 75.9 West.
Isaias is moving toward the northwest near 15 mph (24 km/h), and a general northwestward motion with some decrease in forward speed is expected for the next day or so, followed by a turn toward the north-northwest by late Sunday.
On the forecast track, the center of Isaias will move near or over the Central Bahamas tonight, near or over the Northwestern Bahamas Saturday and near the east coast of the Florida peninsula Saturday afternoon through Sunday.
Maximum sustained winds are near 80 mph (130 km/h) with higher gusts. Additional strengthening is expected later tonight and early Saturday, and Isaias is forecast to remain a hurricane for the next couple of days.
Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 35 miles (55 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 175 miles (280 km). Staniel Cay in the Exumas recently reported sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) with a gust to 52 mph (83 km/h).
* Boca Raton to the Volusia/Brevard County Line Florida
* Northwestern Bahamas
* Hallendale Beach to south of Boca Raton Florida
* Volusia-Brevard County Line to the Flagler/Volusia County Line
A Storm Surge Watch is in effect for...
* Jupiter Inlet to Ponte Vedra Beach Florida
* North of Ocean Reef to south of Boca Raton Florida
* Lake Okeechobee
A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for...
* Flagler/Volusia County Line to Ponte Vedra Beach Floridaimum central pressure estimated from Air Force Hurricane Hunter aircraft observations is 987 mb (29.15 inches).
Data and graphic credit:NHC


About A free range creative company. We started 101 to prove what creativity can do. We execute across advertising, design, NPD and digital, but have little time for siloes: our ultimate pursuit is to find brilliant organising ideas that inform everything a brand says and does. We dig deeper strategically and create across a wider canvas in the interests of effectiveness. And we're committed to proving the return on imagination whenever we can.


text:
'''

    Copyright 2013 Joe Harris

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.

'''

'''

    Trivial example of how to set the cache level for a zone. See:

    http://www.cloudflare.com/docs/client-api.html#s4.2

'''

import os, sys

# make sure our local copy of txcloudflare is in sys.path
PATH_TO_TXCF = '../txcloudflare/'
try:
    import txcloudflare
except ImportError:
    txcfpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(PATH_TO_TXCF))
    if txcfpath not in sys.path:
        sys.path.insert(0, txcfpath)

from twisted.internet import reactor
import txcloudflare

def got_response(response):
    '''
        'response' is a txcloudflare.response.Response() instance.
    '''
    print '< got a response (done)'
    reactor.stop()

def got_error(error):
    '''
        'error' is a twisted.python.failure.Failure() instance wrapping one of
        the exceptions in txcloudflare.errors. The exceptions return the
        CloudFlare error code, a plain text string and a response object
        (txcloudflare.response.Response). The response object has a 'request'
        parameter if you need to look at the reques that generated the error.
    '''
    print '< error'
    print error.printTraceback()
    reactor.stop()

email_address = os.environ.get('TXCFEMAIL', '')
api_token = os.environ.get('TXCFAPI', '')
domain_name = os.environ.get('TXCFDOMAIN', '')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print '> setting cache level for zone: {0}'.format(domain_name)
    cloudflare = txcloudflare.client_api(email_address, api_token)
    cloudflare.cache_lvl(zone=domain_name, level='basic').addCallback(got_response).addErrback(got_error)
    reactor.run()

'''

    EOF

'''


text:
/* IBM_PROLOG_BEGIN_TAG                                                   */
/* This is an automatically generated prolog.                             */
/*                                                                        */
/* $Source: src/usr/targeting/test/testtargeting.H $                      */
/*                                                                        */
/* OpenPOWER HostBoot Project                                             */
/*                                                                        */
/* COPYRIGHT International Business Machines Corp. 2012,2014              */
/*                                                                        */
/* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");        */
/* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.       */
/* You may obtain a copy of the License at                                */
/*                                                                        */
/*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                         */
/*                                                                        */
/* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software    */
/* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,      */
/* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or        */
/* implied. See the License for the specific language governing           */
/* permissions and limitations under the License.                         */
/*                                                                        */
/* IBM_PROLOG_END_TAG                                                     */

#ifndef __TARGETING_TESTTARGETING_H
#define __TARGETING_TESTTARGETING_H

/**
 *  @file targeting/test/testtargeting.H
 *
 *  @brief All unit tests which test targeting in a platform specific way
 */

//******************************************************************************
// Includes
//******************************************************************************

// STD
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

// CXXTEST
#include <cxxtest/TestSuite.H>
#include <hwpf/plat/fapiPlatAttributeService.H>
#include <fapiReturnCode.H>
#include <fapiAttributeIds.H>
#include <fapiAttributeService.H>
#include <errl/errlmanager.H>
#include <sys/sync.h>
#include <sys/task.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

// This component
#include <targeting/common/attributes.H>
#include <targeting/common/entitypath.H>
#include <targeting/common/target.H>
#include <targeting/common/targetservice.H>
#include <targeting/common/utilFilter.H>
#include <targeting/common/iterators/rangefilter.H>
#include <targeting/common/predicates/predicatectm.H>
#include <targeting/common/predicates/predicatepostfixexpr.H>
#include <targeting/common/targreasoncodes.H>
#include <errl/errludtarget.H>
#include <targeting/common/trace.H>
#include <kernel/console.H>

/**
 *  @brief Struct to hold pointers to a mutex / protected value
 */
struct MutexTestData_t
{
    mutex_t* pMutex;         // Pointer to mutex
    barrier_t* pBarrier;     // Pointer to barrier
    volatile uint32_t* pVar; // Pointer to value protected by mutex
};

/**
 *  @brief Function which attempts to write a protected variable
 *
 *  @param[in] i_pData Pointer to mutex pointer/value pointer structure
 *
 *  @return NULL
 */
void* funcTestMutex(void* i_pData)
{
    MutexTestData_t* l_pData = static_cast<MutexTestData_t*>(i_pData);
    barrier_wait(l_pData->pBarrier);
    mutex_lock(l_pData->pMutex);
    *(l_pData->pVar) = 1;
    mutex_unlock(l_pData->pMutex);
    barrier_wait(l_pData->pBarrier);
    return NULL;
}

class TargetingTestSuite : public CxxTest::TestSuite
{
  public:

    /**
     *  @brief Test Hostboot specific mutex attribute support
     */
    void testHbMutexAttr()
    {
        TS_TRACE(ENTER_MRK "testHbMutexAttr" );

        using namespace TARGETING;
        using namespace fapi;

        do {

        // Get a reference to the target service
        TargetService& l_targetService = targetService();

        // Get the system target containing the test mutex
        TARGETING::Target* l_pTarget = NULL;
        (void) l_targetService.getTopLevelTarget(l_pTarget);
        if (l_pTarget == NULL)
        {
            TS_FAIL("Top level target handle is NULL");
            break;
        }

        // Get the mutex attribute (actually a mutex_t* which points to
        // a mutex)
        HB_MUTEX_TEST_LOCK_ATTR l_pLock
            = l_pTarget->getHbMutexAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_HB_MUTEX_TEST_LOCK>();

        // Test: Verify the value pointed to by the mutex_t* is zero
        if ( (*reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(l_pLock)) != 0)
        {
            TS_FAIL("Mutex attribute must be initialized to zero, but got %ld",
                *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(l_pLock));
            break;
        }

        // Try to get the attribute, and ensure it's the same
        HB_MUTEX_TEST_LOCK_ATTR l_pLockTry = NULL;
        if(l_pTarget->tryGetHbMutexAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_HB_MUTEX_TEST_LOCK>
                (l_pLockTry))
        {
            if(l_pLockTry != l_pLock)
            {
                TS_FAIL("Mutex attributes should match, but dont.  "
                        "l_pLockTry = %ld, l_pLock = %ld",l_pLockTry,
                        l_pLock);
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            TS_FAIL("Mutex attribute tryGet failed, even though it exists");
            break;
        }

        // Create a structue holding pointers to the mutex and a protected value
        volatile uint32_t l_var = 0;
        (void)mutex_lock(l_pLock);
        barrier_t l_barrier;
        (void)barrier_init(&l_barrier, 2);
        MutexTestData_t l_mutexTestData = { l_pLock, &l_barrier, &l_var };

        // Spawn off a function which tries to write the protected value to
        // something unexpected.  If the mutex is working, the for loop will
        // always poll the expected value.
        task_create(funcTestMutex, static_cast<void*>(&l_mutexTestData));

        // Guarantee the child process runs and blocks on the mutex prior to
        // modifying the protected value.  isync to ensure the processor doesn't
        // speculatively perform the comparison prior to the sleep completing
        barrier_wait(&l_barrier);
        nanosleep(0,TEN_CTX_SWITCHES_NS); isync();

        if(l_var != 0)
        {
            TS_FAIL("Protected value must be 0, was %d instead",l_var);
            break;
        }

        // Now unlock the mutex, allowing the other thread to overwrite the
        // protected value; which should happen within 100,000 reads of the
        // var.  This will confirm the other thread was actively trying to
        // write the controlled value
        (void)mutex_unlock(l_pLock);

        // Guarantee the child process acquires the mutex and modifies the
        // protected value.
        barrier_wait(&l_barrier);

        if(l_var != 1)
        {
             TS_FAIL("Protected value must now be 1, was %d instead",l_var);
             break;
        }

        barrier_destroy(&l_barrier);

        } while(0);

        TS_TRACE(EXIT_MRK "testHbMutexAttr");
    }

    /**
     *  @brief Test Hostboot specific error target FFDC support
     */
    void testErrlTargetFFDC()
    {
        TS_TRACE(ENTER_MRK "testErrlTargetFFDC" );

        using namespace ERRORLOG;
        using namespace TARGETING;
        using namespace fapi;

        // Get a reference to the target service
        TargetService& l_service = targetService();

        // Get the master proc target
        TARGETING::Target* l_pTarget1 = NULL;
        TARGETING::Target* l_pTarget2 = MASTER_PROCESSOR_CHIP_TARGET_SENTINEL;
        l_service.masterProcChipTargetHandle( l_pTarget1);

        // Create an errorlog to test FFDC capture of targets
        /*@
         * @errortype
         * @severity ERRORLOG_SEV_INFORMATIONAL
         * @moduleid TARG_MOD_TEST
         * @reasoncode TARG_RC_TEST_TARGET_FFDC
         * @userdata1 Test data 1
         * @userdata2 Test data 2
         * @devdesc User Details unit test - create target user detail data
         */
        errlHndl_t l_err;
        l_err = new ErrlEntry(ERRL_SEV_INFORMATIONAL,
                              TARG_MOD_TEST,
                              TARG_RC_TEST_TARGET_FFDC,
                              0x0011223344556677,
                              0x8899aabbccddeeff);

        ErrlUserDetailsTarget(l_pTarget1).addToLog(l_err);
        ErrlUserDetailsTarget(l_pTarget2).addToLog(l_err);

        errlCommit(l_err, CXXTEST_COMP_ID);

        TS_TRACE(EXIT_MRK "testErrlTargetFFDC");
    }

    /**
     *  @brief Test Hostboot specific L4 Target support
     */
    void testL4Target()
    {
        TS_TRACE(ENTER_MRK "testL4Target" );
#if 0
        // Disabling test until ecid reg setup in simics
        // is resolved
        using namespace ERRORLOG;
        using namespace TARGETING;
        using namespace fapi;

        TargetHandleList l_targs;

        getAllChiplets( l_targs, TYPE_L4);

        TARGETING::EntityPath phys_path_ptr;

        if( l_targs.size() )
        {

            phys_path_ptr =  l_targs[0]->getAttr<TARGETING::ATTR_PHYS_PATH>();

            TS_TRACE("%s",  phys_path_ptr.toString());

        }
        else
        {
            TS_FAIL("no L4 targets found in system");
        }

#endif
        TS_TRACE(EXIT_MRK "testL4Target" );
    }
};

#endif // End __TARGETING_TESTTARGETING_H


Virtual Open Systems is actively contributing in the Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) community to enable open source virtualization functionalities. The company has originated within AGL a specific Virtualization Expert Group (EG-VIRT), it is leading the community code contributions and bi-weekly telco meetings.
At the Automotive Linux Summit 2017 (ALS-2017), Virtual Open Systems has demonstrated the integration with AGL of its VOSYSmonitor mixed-criticality virtualization product, it has shared with the community a specific EG-VIRT presentation and a published article Virtualization: The Smart-Connected Vehicle Enabler.
One of the first code contributions of Virtual Open Systems for AGL virtualization has been to enable KVM hypervisor on the Renesas R-Car M3 with a shared patch Enable Linux-based hypervisor execution in AGL, which has been merged in the upstream codebase of the AGL meta-rcar-gen3 yocto layer.
This guide shows how to run KVM virtual machines (VMs) on AGL based on this shared patch, in accordance with the architecture overview in the following figure.
In section 1, the AGL distribution for R-Car M3 will be downloaded and compiled; in section 2, a static QEMU binary will be created together with the guest kernel/rootfs (Section 3). Finally, in section 4 a new Ubuntu guest will be executed in AGL.
This guide does not require graphics, all the commands and the VM can be run from command line through a terminal or serial/SSH connection.
The KVM support for Renesas R-Car M3 is integrated in the open source AGL distribution. Therefore, a standard AGL build for the R-Car M3 can be used for the purpose of this guide.
That would download and build from scratch the latest AGL sources; depending on the hardware configuration and on the connection speed after some time, the kernel binaries and the root file system will be available in the build/tmp/deploy/images/m3ulcb folder of the working directory.
Once done, follow the Automotive Grade Linux guide at the section Booting AGL Image on R-Car Starter Kit Gen3 boards using a microSD card to complete the installation of the binaries in the M3 microSD card.
The container is now ready, so we can proceed to the next section.
The KVM hypervisor needs the userspace QEMU emulator to create machine models abstractions for the guests. QEMU and its dependencies are not automatically installed in the AGL distribution. For this reason, in this section we will compile a static image of QEMU.
At the end of the execution, the qemu-system-aarch64 binary file will be placed in the current folder. Copy this file in a USB pen-drive, since it will be needed later in the R-Car M3.
At this point everything is almost ready to execute virtual machines in the R-Car M3. In the next section the guest kernel and rootfs will be prepared.
In order to boot a functional KVM VM, a kernel and a rootfs image will be created. In particular, this guide builds an Ubuntu Xenial virtual machine to be run on top of AGL through KVM.