HOPS is made possible by generous grants from The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company of Marysville, Ohio (Scotts). Since HOPS's beginnings in 2008, Scotts has been the key sponsor in ensuring the program's success. Scotts also played a huge and indispensable role in the fundraising to design and build the National Garden, as well as supporting the National Garden Internship.
In 2014, four expert scientists from Scotts MiracleGro will visit the HOPS program to conduct experiments with the students.
Ashleigh Lemon received her bachelor's degree in conservation science and a minor in biology from Muskingum University. She took part in animal behavioral research on the Przewalski Wild Horse and completed her senior research project on the parasite P. tenuis at the Wilds (the largest conservation center in North America). Ashleigh served as the head naturalist at Salt Fork State Park for 4 years followed by a Conservation Education position at The Wilds. Currently, a Biology Specialist in Live Goods at The Scotts Company, she researches flowering annuals developing the Miracle-Gro Flowering Plant line. In her spare time she serves as the Media Coordinator for The German Village Garten Club, enjoys kayaking and hiking and spends time with her two dogs.
Sara Pettigrew received her bachelor's degree from The Ohio State University in biology, focusing on animal behavior. Before joining the Scotts Miracle-Gro company Sara conducted research for the EPA on a water quality project for the Lake Erie region. Sara's passion for research led her to join the Scott's team as a biology specialist in the Garden's group. She now specializes in developing growing media and live seed products.
Becky Torisky always loved plants, animals, gardening, and nature, and hoped she could apply her interests to a fulfilling and useful career.
In 1981 she received her Bachelors Degree in Biology at Seton Hill College, at which time she decided to focus on plants.
Becky continued her studies, first getting a Masters Degree in Botany at Virginia Tech in 1985, then some internship experience at Monsanto, where she first learned about the emerging and exciting field of DNA cloning and plant transformation, and how it could help plants grow better under adverse conditions, and could make a difference in the world's ecology and food availability.
She returned to school to pursue this field, and in 1992 earned her Doctorate in Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. After two postdoctoral assignments, one at The Univeristy of Kentucky and one at North Carolina State University, she came to Scotts Miracle-Gro in 1998 to work in their new Biotechnology Department. Here, Becky has been working with a team of scientists to develop new, environmentally hardier, and more ecologically-friendly, varieties of lawn grasses and garden plants.
Her hobbies are gardening, bird-watching, art, and bicycling!
Gretchen White received her bachelor's degree from Denison University in biology where she became interested in wildlife research while working on a senior research project to better understand how spotted salamanders use their habitat. She then did grassland bird habitat for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources before joining Scotts Miracle-Gro's wild bird food research and development team as a biologist. Her work with the wild bird food R&D team led her to get her master's degree in wildlife science at Purdue University. She now works with the growing media team at Scotts Miracle-Gro to develop natural and organic soil products.


One of the most commonly over looked appliances in a home, is the one that provides one of the most necessary features. Water heaters often get overlooked due to them being tucked away in small closet type areas, unseen until they need repairs, cleaning, or replacing. Many homeowners in the Temecula area go through the ordeal of replacing a water heater once ever two to three years, due to neglect for the most part. Keeping your water heater taken care of properly, can not only ensure it has a longer lifespan, but also ensure that you have quality hot water for use in your home.
Hot water is a necessity in our modern lives. It helps us sanitize our dishes when washing them, clean our clothing properly, keep proper personal hygiene, and help us sanitize our home when cleaning it. Without a hot water heater in our home, we'd have to rely on heated water from our stoves just to have a nice hot bath to get clean in. Having a hot water heater break down can throw a wrench in a lot of activities in your daily life, requiring quick water heater repair in Temecula. Restoring hot water to your home is usually an easy matter for a professional plumber. Most of the time the problem will be a heating element burning out, or a pipe bursting. More extreme issues can happen however, involving the tank itself, such as leaks in the main tank or problems with the bladder inside the tank on some models.
No matter what the problem is, an experienced plumbing contractor like Kent Plumbing can help you resolve it quickly to restore hot water in your home. Getting water heater repair in Temecula done quickly for any plumbing issue is important, but having them done for your water heater or any other large source of water is even more so. This is because they run the risk of having large amounts of water soaking into flooring, walls, or any other areas around the source causing water damage on a large scale. Mold growth is also an issue that needs taken care of immediately, due to the health risks it can pose on family, pets, and anyone else inside the home. Get more info Here.


text:
Pippa and James Middleton complete 47 mile swim-run
September 09, 2015 - 15:34 BST hellomagazine.com She's run a marathon in Kenya and cycled across the US but Pippa Middleton has said that taking part in a gruelling swim-run was "one of the hardest things" she's done
She's run a marathon in Kenya and cycled across the US but Pippa Middleton has said that taking part in a gruelling swim-run was "one of the hardest things" she's ever done. The keen sportswoman was in Sweden for the Otillo Swimrun World Championship, which she completed with her younger brother James and her friends James Matthews and Jons Bartholdson.
Pippa, who celebrated her 32nd birthday before the challenge, may have been exhausted but she was smiling brightly as she crossed the finish line on Monday.
The younger sibling of the Duchess of Cambridge came in 82nd, completing the 47-mile course in 13 hours, 4 minutes and 24 seconds.
#otillo15 #pippamiddleton & Jöns Bartholdson finish ÖTILLÖ 2015. Amazing!
A photo posted by ÖTILLÖ Swimrun World Series (@otillorace) on Sep 7, 2015 at 10:32am PDT
Pippa Middleton completed the 47-mile course in just over 13 hours
She and her brother competed in support of the Michael Matthews Foundation, which helps build schools in poverty-stricken areas around the world and is named in honour of 22-year-old Michael who died in an accident on Mount Everest. Michael's older brother, James, who also took part, used to date Pippa.
The Otillo race features teams of two swimming about six miles in the frigid Baltic Sea followed by a 40-mile trail run.
Team 213 at addnature Sprintprice Pippa and Jöns
A photo posted by ÖTILLÖ Swimrun World Series (@otillorace) on Sep 7, 2015 at 1:39am PDT
She competed in Sweden alongside her teammate Jons Bartholdson
"It's relentless," Pippa, who had trained in Sweden especially before the race, told Reuters. "Much of the running is trail running on uneven ground, hopping over rocks on the shore line, dipping in and out of bays."
The author and columnist went on to describe the challenge as "an unusual and unique event, not for the faint-hearted," but something that she had wanted to do because she was "taken by the idea of competing in the stunning surroundings" of the Swedish archipelago islands.
#otillo15 super team Michael Matthews Foundation with Jöns Bartholdson & #pippamiddleton cruising the course and doing great at @addnature sprint Prize. Impressive performance so far and all smiles!
It was "an unusual and unique event, not for the faint-hearted," said Pippa
Earlier this summer Pippa completed her first marathon in Kenya in aid of Tusk Trust, the conservation charity supported by her brother-in-law Prince William. Writing exclusively for HELLO! magazine, Pippa explained why she wanted to run the taxing 42km course.
"I decided that a marathon was a 'life box' that needed ticking and this year was my time – despite it being one of the toughest in the world, with temperatures rising to more than 30ºC, at an altitude of 5,550ft and with the possibility of bumping into lions or rhinos," she wrote.
Finishing in three hours, 56 minutes – placing her 30th overall out of the 200 competitors – Pippa recalled: "I was exhausted. My eyes welled up with tears. Could I really manage this? I turned right and thought of the schoolchildren, the rhinos, elephants and lions, the incredible Tusk projects – the reason I was doing this."
More about james middleton
James Middleton reveals family Christmas trip with Spencer Matthews was a 'turning point' in battle with...
11 celebrity couples whose 2020 weddings have been cancelled due to coronavirus
Will Kate and Pippa Middleton join Carole and Michael at Bucklebury for Christmas?
Pippa and James Middleton hit Wimbledon after Princess Charlotte's christening
Prince William and Kate leave George and Charlotte at home to attend Wimbledon
Pippa Middleton talks to HELLO! about completing her first marathon
Pippa Middleton's phone screen saver of Kate and Prince George revealed
Duchess Kate cancels wedding appearance last minute, Pippa attends with Prince William
Pippa and James Middleton lark about in the sunshine on St Barts holiday

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We have always tried to keep up to date with technology, we have been using cloud based software for at least 14 years, we have a KMJ Property twitter account, Facebook page etc. But blogging is new to us, we don't know if it will be read or if we are just playing with Google.
Feedback would be appreciated, our company is owned by myself David and my wife Suzanne we have lived nearly all of our lives in Tunbridge Wells so we know it very well, with three children, one still at school, one doing a business diploma and one who has left education and now in the world of full time employment, we also have a good knowledge on the fantastic range of schools in this area.
We are planning to post a blog as regularly as possible, some will hopefully be useful others may be funny (intentionally or not)! And some might just give you a better insight to us as a business and us as people.


text:
Stocks spooked by European debt woes
By Ben Rooney July 11, 2011: 5:54 PM ET
Click the chart for more market data.
NEW YORK�(CNNMoney) -- U.S. stocks sank Monday as investors got spooked by worries that Europe's debt crisis could spread to Italy, one of Europe's largest economies.
The Dow Jones industrial average (INDU) sank 152 points, or 1.2%, to close at 12,505. The S&P 500 (SPX) fell 24 points, or 1.8%, to 1,319; and the Nasdaq Composite (COMP) fell 57 points, or 2%, to 2,803.
The selling was broad, with all 30 Dow stocks in the red. Shares of Bank of America (BAC, Fortune 500) and JPMorgan (JPM, Fortune 500), along with Hewlett Packard (HPQ, Fortune 500), were among the worst performers on the blue chip index.
Stocks fell sharply in Europe on concerns about Italy's banking sector and the nation's debt load. European officials met Monday to discuss Greece and other debt-stricken members of the European Union.
The selloff spilled over into the U.S. market as traders worry that the fiscal problems facing troubled EU members such as Greece, Portugal and Ireland may be spreading to larger economies in the monetary union, including Italy and Spain.
"This is potentially a cascading crisis," said Bruce McCain, chief investment strategist at Key Private Bank.
Arrivederci, rally! Why Italy is latest worry
The intensifying worries about a broader debt crisis in Europe sent investors flocking to assets that are seen as safer alternatives.
The U.S. dollar jumped 1.7% against the euro, and U.S. Treasury prices rose, with the 10-year yield back below 3%. Gold rallied to near record highs and oil prices dropped 1% to $95.15 a barrel.
Wall Street's most widely cited measure of volatility and fear, the VIX (VIX), jumped 2.8 points, or 18%, to 18.8 points.
In the United States, investors have been grappling with signs that the nation's economy is deteriorating, including a much weaker than expected report on the nation's job market last week.
0:00 / 0:54 Banks slump on Italy debt woes
Adding to the bearish tone, inflation and export data released by China over the weekend raised concerns that the world's second largest economy may be slowing, and that China may raise interest rates further to cool inflation.
After the closing bell, Alcoa (AA, Fortune 500) reported a larger than expected gain in second-quarter sales, sending its shares up slightly in extended trading. The Dow component is the unofficial harbinger of earnings season, when public companies report earnings and sales data.
Earnings for the companies in the S&P 500 are expected to be up 7.4% in the quarter, according to analysts at Thomson Reuters. Revenue is forecast to increase 10%.
Among the companies scheduled to report this week are JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup (C, Fortune 500) and Google (GOOG, Fortune 500).
Stocks posted modest gains last week as concerns about the U.S. economy continue to weigh on the market.
Companies: News Corp. (NWSA, Fortune 500) sank 7% after the company said it was continuing its bid to purchase satellite TV company British Sky Broadcasting despite heightened political heat from the"News of the World" hacking scandal.
The company said in a statement that it is taking its bid in front of the U.K.'s Competition Commission, effectively delaying News Corp's possible purchase of BSkyB until the first part of 2012 at the earliest.
World markets: European stocks fell in Monday trading. Britain's FTSE 100 lost 1%, the DAX in Germany declined 2% and France's CAC 40 sank 2.4%.
Shares of European banks fell hard for a second day as investors worry about the sector's exposure to Greek debt.
Italy: Europe's Fannie Mae moment?
The selling came ahead of stress test results due Friday. Of the 91 European banks that will undergo testing, about 15 are expected to fail.
Meanwhile, European policymakers are reportedly discussing moves that would cut Greece's debt burden rather than simply lengthening the payback period.
Asian markets ended mostly lower. The Hang Seng in Hong Kong dropped 1.7% and Japan's Nikkei lost 0.7%. The Shanghai Composite was the lone bright spot, increasing 0.2%
China said late Friday that consumer prices rose 6.4% over the last 12 months ending in June, the fastest pace in inflation since July 2008 and an acceleration from May's 5.5% rate.
Meanwhile, China reported a $22.3 billion trade surplus in June, up from a $13.05 billion surplus in May. But the pace of China's robust export growth slowed slightly to 17.9% in June from 19.4% in May.
First Published: July 11, 2011: 9:49 AM ET
Wages fall in sagging jobs market
Stimulus on the cheap
Apple bulls not scared by jobs report
Dow 29,348.10 50.46 0.17%
Nasdaq 9,388.94 31.81 0.34%
S&P 500 3,329.62 12.81 0.39%
Treasuries 1.84 0.03 1.49%
Data as of 12:51am ET
Advanced Micro Devic... 50.93 1.16 2.33%
Bank of America Corp... 34.71 -0.01 -0.03%
General Electric Co 11.81 -0.03 -0.25%
Ford Motor Co 9.16 -0.01 -0.11%
Apple Inc 318.73 3.49 1.11%
Data as of Jan 17


text:
package command

import (
	"errors"

	"github.com/xeb/etcdrepl/third_party/github.com/codegangsta/cli"
	"github.com/xeb/etcdrepl/third_party/github.com/coreos/go-etcd/etcd"
)

// NewMakeCommand returns the CLI command for "mk".
func NewMakeCommand() cli.Command {
	return cli.Command{
		Name:	"mk",
		Usage:	"make a new key with a given value",
		Flags: []cli.Flag{
			cli.IntFlag{"ttl", 0, "key time-to-live"},
		},
		Action: func(c *cli.Context) {
			handleKey(c, makeCommandFunc)
		},
	}
}

// makeCommandFunc executes the "make" command.
func makeCommandFunc(c *cli.Context, client *etcd.Client) (*etcd.Response, error) {
	if len(c.Args()) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("Key required")
	} else if len(c.Args()) == 1 {
		return nil, errors.New("Value required")
	}
	key := c.Args()[0]
	value := c.Args()[1]
	ttl := c.Int("ttl")

	return client.Create(key, value, uint64(ttl))
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Double wall stainless steel canister - Oleotec S.r.l.
More information on the double wall stainless steel canisters can be found in our product catalogue. For detailed information and technical specifications, please contact our employees.
Mandatory field Spam-Security* What is the sum of 6 and 3?


Pyramyd Airsoft Blog: Heading back to the Dirty South with Brian Holt - SS Airsoft CQB!
Heading back to the Dirty South with Brian Holt - SS Airsoft CQB!
Very exciting news about me, Brian Holt & a trip to SS Airsoft.
Just watch the video. I took the time to make it ridiculous.
Please take the time to troll me as a reward.


You make great products and we want to capture them in the best possible light so you can show them off. Whether you make a small item or a large piece of machinery, we love to create imagery that is clean and modern to showcase your work as high-quality. Content that bolsters your brand and impresses prospective and current clients with your standards for excellence, not just in your work, but in your marketing too.


Home Relationships Women don't walk away from men. They walk away from their attitude.
Women don't walk away from men. They walk away from their attitude.
Women don't walk away from men but from their attitude. They are gradually preparing to leave mentally, sometimes with years. They take long to decide. One second they want to leave, the next they want to stay. They keep the old good memories together with the dresses they are never going to wear again but love too much to just throw away.
They think about how much time has passed. They think about the man you used to be. They play all of your moments together again and again in their mind. They see you as you once were – kind, spontaneous, happy and loving. They remember what it felt like to be loved.
They start debating whether they should stay or leave. They are thinking if you are capable of changing. They are thinking if the problems will simply disappear at some point. They are thinking if it is just a temporary situation or the new reality. Do they love the man or the memory of the man?
Sometimes these women love their men but are sick of not knowing whether their men love them. Can they repair and revive the relationship? Can they do something to make their man happy again? Can the man go back to who he once was?
Women take long to leave. They don't like leaving … they remember the passion and the love. They remember something new every day.
Men's eyes are the mirror they see their reflections in. Are they still beautiful? Women are looking for signs if they are still needed. Will there be somebody waiting for them if they are late at night? Is there a love waiting for them that will make them forget they could exist anywhere else?
Women pack their bags quietly and full of melancholy. They take a long time packing. They count the minutes passed and the minutes left. They count the number of smiles and tears. They count the moments shared and the moments full of loneliness. They think everything through a thousand times. They always search for reasons not to leave.
Sometimes men wake up suddenly and see the love in the woman's eyes. They get back to who they were. They get back to her. If they manage to hug her before she walked out of the door, they will break all of her doubts. They will keep the happiness and joy inside the house. And will they never take her for granted again.
If the man manages to change his attitude, the one that hurts the woman, this will make her stay. This will make the love stay.


text:
Tvesa Malik stands steady at the finish to win third title on Hero WPGT
Gurugram, August 30: Tvesa Malik, trailing by a shot with two holes to play in the 13th Leg of the Hero Women's Pro Golf Tour, stood steady when it mattered most as the overnight leader Diksha Dagar crumbled for a bogey-bogey finish. The win puts Tvesa in a perfect frame of mind ahead of the Hero Women's Indian Open in a month's time at the same venue, the Black Knight Gary Player course at the DLF Golf and Country Club.
It was Tvesa's third win of the season after previous wins in the third leg at Ahmedabad's Kensville Golf and Country Club and the eighth leg in Bengaluru's Prestige Golfshire. She joins Ridhima as the only other three-time winner this year. Tvesa, who has been dividing her time between the Indian domestic Tour and international events, has won three titles in five starts on the Hero WPG Tour.
Tvesa, who was not having the best of rounds till the 14th, at which point she was three-over, made no mistakes over the last four crucial holes. She birdied the par-3 16th and parred the 15th, 17th and 18th to finish at two-over 74 and one-over 217.
Meanwhile Diksha, who had a disastrous start with a bogey-double bogey-bogey in her first three holes, turned in four-over 40 for the front nine. However, she managed to claw her way back into contention with birdies on 11th and 16th. She still led the field at even par with two holes to play. That is when she made the big errors to bogey last two holes, allowing playing partner Tvesa to sneak ahead.
Ridhima Dilawari put back a lean run with a fine final round as she birdied three times on the front nine to turn in two-under 34. Then she bogeyed 10th, birdied 11th and again bogeyed 14th, only to recover with another birdie on 15th. She was unable to find any more birdies on the tough three-hole final stretch. She parred the last three holes for the day's second best card of two-under 70 and a two-over 218 which made her the clubhouse leader.
The final group comprised Tvesa Malik, Diksha Dagar and Gaurika Bishnoi, who had earlier put herself out of contention with a four-over 40 on the front nine.
As the final group played on the last fairway, Ridhima waited to see the drama unfold. She needed both Diksha and Tvesa to bogey the final hole to get into a play-off.
Diksha did drop the bogey to drop to two-over, but Tvesa parred the final hole to keep her nose ahead at one-over and claimed her third title.
For Ridhima, the result was a big boost ahead of the Hero Women's Indian Open at the same layout.
Gaurika Bishnoi (75) ended fourth, three shots behind Ridhima and Diksha, who were Tied-second. Neha Tripathi (75) was fifth, while Vani Kapoor (74) was sixth. Siddhi Kapoor (69) had the day's best card with four birdies and just one bogey on the first.
Sisters Gurjot Badwal (76) and Gursimar Badwal (79) tied for eighth and amateur Jahnavi Bakshi (73) and winner of 12th Leg Gauri Karhade (78) were Tied-10th.
Gaurika Bishnoi stayed on top of the Hero Order of Merit, while Neha Tripathi is still second and Amandeep Drall is third. Ridhima Dilawari is fourth and Gursimar Badwal fifth.


text:
Q: How to use netty to run a websocket server and not process other types HTTP requests (like GET and POST). I'm using Netty 4.1.1 to run a websocket server.  Only want to process websocket and not process other types HTTP requests (like GET and POST).
In Netty API for WebSocketServerProtocolHandler,  it says:
"This handler does all the heavy lifting for you to run a websocket server. It takes care of websocket handshaking as well as processing of control frames (Close, Ping, Pong). Text and Binary data frames are passed to the next handler in the pipeline (implemented by you) for processing. See io.netty.example.http.websocketx.html5.WebSocketServer for usage. The implementation of this handler assumes that you just want to run a websocket server and not process other types HTTP requests (like GET and POST)."
But I can't find io.netty.example.http.websocketx.html5.WebSocketServer.
Any idea? Thanks.

A: It seems that the doc is outdated.
You can refer io.netty.example.http.websocketx.server.WebSocketServer.
If you want to check io.netty.example.http.websocketx.html5.WebSocketServer, you can checkout commit 2704efc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Shareit has become the most useful device for sharing the files in another device without using Bluetooth. It has a distinctive fast speed to share any kind of file transfer in other android mobile devices. but what happen when you want to share your data in Lpatop and computer and laptop. You cvan also download hay day game for pc this app and enjoy the free fun of sharing data with using bluestacks in your PC.
simply clikc on it and start using this app for your every time use.
We have mentuioned here the clicks method by which you fcn easily download this app in your pc.
We have mentioned here all the infromtion on www.appsforpcdownloads.com for how to download Shareit for PC as well as features of Shareit. Shareit is a most usefull app for all who wants urgent transfer of data sharing form one device to other device. this app fulfills all the criteria of high spped with good efficiency in file transferring. Now you can also share your files form mobnile to laptop or computer with the help of guidelines we have directed here in this article of Shareit for PC. hope you will like it and share it with your friends too.


New construction by Fischer Homes in beautiful Miami Bluffs. This Edenton Patio floor plan features open kitchen w/stainless steel appls, multi-height cabinets, island, granite, 9ft ceilings, hardwood, gas FP, owners tray ceiling, deluxe shower & double vanity, finished LL w/optional bedroom & rec room. Also includes a covered front porch and rear patio. Community center, Yard Work & Snow Removal included in HOA. Come take advantage of this great deal on special pricing!


text:
By KTVZ news sources
Oregon lawmakers welcome USFS air tanker contracts
KTVZ file
Air tanker retardant drop on wildfire
WASHINGTON (KTVZ) -- Sens. Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley and Rep. Greg Walden welcomed news Tuesday that the Forest Service has awarded "call when needed" contracts to providers of wildfire-fighting large air tankers.
In a September 2019 letter to Forest Service Chief Vicki Christiansen, the Oregon lawmakers had pressed the Forest Service to award the contracts, which had been issued for solicitation back in July 2018.
CWN awards allow the Forest Service to put approved aircraft into service when those aircraft are needed, and do not require the Forest Service to pay for those aircraft when they are not needed.
"Oregonians need the broadest possible range of options when it comes to fighting wildfires that threaten their lives, homes and businesses," Wyden said. "These contracts will help the Forest Service fight fires more effectively by providing access to next-generation large air tankers at lower rates, saving money as well for taxpayers."
"Every Oregonian has experienced the consequences of wildfires, from the damage to our farms and forests to the dense blankets of smoke compromising our health," said Merkley. "That's why my colleagues and I urged the Forest Service to approve the use of large air tankers to help our state stay safe in the face of dangerous blazes. I'm pleased that they agreed, and will continue to do everything I can to secure the resources Oregonians need for wildfire season."
"Oregonians have had enough of smoke and wildfires. These contracts for large air tankers will help ensure the Forest Service has additional tools to combat and contain these fires," Walden said. "I applaud the Trump Administration for hearing the concerns of rural Oregon and prioritizing not only important assets like air tankers for fighting these fires, but also using the new forest management tools we provided to take action to prevent fires.
"This is all welcome progress, but we have more work to do. I will continue to work with the Trump Administration and my colleagues to reduce the threat and effects of wildfire to our forests and communities. "
News / Oregon-Northwest
KTVZ news sources
bobhoyser says:
So, no standby pay to insure that the aircraft will be available? Is that the difference?


Join the Gotta Write community forum. Post an idea, post a question, post something about your favorite color. Just participate, engage and have fun.
Use the forum to meet others in your area that share your desire to create.


Thank you for taking the time to browse the Chickadee Photo Art website. It is my hope that while here you will learn some interesting facts about the birds, animals and forests through photos and small write-ups that are posted. Students are welcome to use photos and information in projects or assignments but remember, it is correct and polite to request permission to do so using the "Contact Me" form.
A portion of the proceeds from the sales is put towards animal rescue. I encourage everyone to do their part in helping our city wildlife, by supporting no kill/rescue shelters of your choice or wildlife rehabilitation centres in your local area any way you can. If you are familiar with the Canadian Prairies you will know how extreme our winter weather can be. Not all of our animal friends can survive our harsh winter weather. Those who have supported Chickadee Photo Art by means of purchasing photo art cards or prints locally have already contributed to animal rescue. I thank you for your support.
Most images found on this website are available as 5×7 photo art cards produced with environment friendly card stock (see product page), prints or available in digital media format. If you are interested in a certain image please inquire via the contact me form.


Looks like I can still post for the moment.
A member of ISD begging people to use the new one.
Last few years CCP Has been going through this weird phase of adding, changing and taking things from the game in inexplicable fashion based on seemingly unknown reasons. We're all hanging in here hoping the phase will end.
Good idea, I too will ride these forums til they are shut down then just switch to Reddit.
Ran some quick numbers and looks like you and your friends are poors.
When you remap your attributes and put everything in swag.
Will the article conclude with the death of EVE in 2012?
Trying to read these posts like trying to read a Stephen King novel. ofc way less interesting.
Destriouth Hollow wrote: Your "wrong" is wrong! On a more serious note: please elaborate what you disagree with. The post.
In a ship floating in space. Having no idea where you are you must make it across the galaxy and past unknown dangers to find your way back home. Which ship from Eve would you want to be in and why?
CACACACACACACACA COOOOOOODE COOOODE!!!! CACACACACACACACACA COOOOOOODE!


text:
Q: Postman - taking attributes and values from one JSON to create another JSON This in relation to my older ticket here!
But now I need to get more advanced. I need to get only certain attributes and their values (from the 1st Response JSON) to create another JSON (and some values to be replaced in new JSON).
I.e. in the Response JSON below, I need to go through all "Items" (and I do not know in advance how many those can be), and get only Id + value, and Status+value for each of them. Then to build another new JSON, where the top attribute will be called Products instead of Variations, and contain only Id+value and Status+*NewValue*.
1st Response JSON:
   "Variations":[
      {
         "ItemIds":[
            "xxx"
         ],
         "Items":[
            {
               "Id":"67-V1",
               "GuId":"xxx",
               "Type":"Unit",
               "Status":"Active"
            }
         ],
         "Name":"VAR 1",
         "Id":"67-V1"
      },
      {
         "ItemIds":[
            "yyy"
         ],
         "Items":[
            {
               "Id":"67-V2",
               "GuId":"yyy",
               "Type":"Unit",
               "Status":"Active"
            }
         ],
         "Name":"VAR 2",
         "Id":"67-V2"
      },
      {
         "ItemIds":[
            "zzz"
         ],
         "Items":[
            {
               "Id":"67-V3",
               "GuId":"zzz",
               "Type":"Unit",
               "Status":"Active"
            }
         ],
         "Name":"VAR 3",
         "Id":"67-V3"
      }
   ],
   "ItemIds":[

   ],
   "Items":[

   ],
   "Name":"MAINP",
   "Id":"67",
   "Color":null
}

New JSON I would like to create:
{
   "Products":[
      {
               "Id":"67-V1",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      },
      {
               "Id":"67-V2",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      },
      {
               "Id":"67-V3",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      }
   ]
}

I have made following code:
var jsonData = pm.response.json();
var newData;
var newDataGroup = "";

function replaceValues() {
    _.each(jsonData.Variations, (arrayItem) => {
        _.each(arrayItem.Items, (item) => {
            if(item.Status !== "NonActive") {
                item.Status = "NonActive";
                console.log("arrayItem " + item.Status);
            }
            newData = "{ \"Id\":\"" + item.Id + "\", " +  " \"Status\":\"" + item.Status + "\"},";
            newDataGroup = newDataGroup + newData;
        });
    });
    newDataGroup = "{ \"Products\": [ " + newDataGroup + " ] }";
}
pm.test("Run Replace", replaceValues ());
console.log("newDataGroup Final: " + newDataGroup);
var newJson = JSON.parse(newDataGroup);
console.log("newJson: " + newJson);

Here is my outcome (based on the code above), but how to deal with the last , there?
{
   "Products":[
      {
               "Id":"67-V1",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      },
      {
               "Id":"67-V2",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      },
      {
               "Id":"67-V3",
               "Status":"NonActive"
      },
   ]
}

A: Seems like here is the final code that will do the trick. While most likely, not the most elegant but does the job. If anyone can suggest the more elegant way, would be appreciated.
var jsonData = pm.response.json();
var newData;
var newDataGroup = "";

function replaceValues() {
    _.each(jsonData.Variations, (arrayItem) => {
        _.each(arrayItem.Items, (item) => {
            if(item.Status !== "NonActive") {
                item.Status = "NonActive";
            }
            newData = "{ \"Id\":\"" + item.Id + "\", " +  " \"Status\":\"" + item.Status + "\"},";
            newDataGroup = newDataGroup + newData;
        });
    });
    newDataGroup = newDataGroup.slice(0, -1);
    newDataGroup = "{ \"Products\": [ " + newDataGroup + " ] }";
}
pm.test("Run Replace", replaceValues ());
var newJson = JSON.parse(newDataGroup);


Before we'd even left the house for playgroup, she'd tipped a full box of Jacobs crackers all over the kitchen floor. Who knew they would break into so many teeny tiny pieces? Wonderful. There they were, my guilty pleasure, destined to be cheeseless and uneaten. It was 9am and she'd been rummaging in the cupboard for "bic bics" like a feral creature. She'd already woofed down her weetabix and a yog yog. We were already late. Obviously. I crawled heavily on my on hands and knees to scrape the remnants of the cracker assortment into a pile as she repeatedly removed her "sockies" and "soooz". Would we ever make playgroup?
Playgroup takes place in the local Christian Centre. Unlike, a few groups I've been to, it's in modern surroundings and is quite well organised. Conveniently, we can walk to it, we meet our friends there and it's a bargain at £1.50; kids get juice and a biscuit and can play with loads of toys, have a go on the bouncy castle and join in with a sing-along at the end. Yes, your child will be playing with used toys and yes, the kids have probably dribbled on the plastic food that your child now has in their mouth….hmmm – but, she gets to play, I get to see my friends (and know that I'm not the only one who is late/often dishevelled/spinning lots of plates) and the coffee isn't too bad either. Mini Lass practically crowd surfs to get to the front of Sing Along, just in time for head, shoulders knees and toes….knees and toes. She's in her element.
Today, as I tried to pay and sign us in, she was off. I mean, off. She didn't look back. She was greeting everyone "hellllllloooo" and was giving a dramatic, royal-esque wave to her adoring public (you know, other mums/nans/volunteers and someone's grandad).
She was first at the snack table, got her free biscuit and was off again. When everyone else was sitting, I spotted her coming down the slide with a Malted Milk in one hand a chocolate Bourbon in the other. She'd managed to get a biscuit from somewhere else (the floor? another child? her secret stash?) and like magic, she'd doubled her grub. She slid down and did not drop a single crumb. That's Mummy's Girl! Biscuits aren't for wasting.
On her travels, in and out and underneath the grown-ups chairs, Mini Lass had managed to nick another little lass's dummy. In her defence, it was identical to hers – so of course, she popped it straight into her mouth. The babysitting-nan of the dumbfounded, dummy-less toddler was polite when I give it back to her apologetically.
"Sorry, she's got the same one, the cheeky monkey" I explained.
Mini Lass gave her a smile that was half angel and half rebel. Say no more.


For more information on typical modules, read Advanced Concrete Technology MSc(Eng) in the course catalogue. Learning and teaching. The four taught modules each run over a semester period and are taught using a range of online distance learning methods.
There have been some very good books regarding concrete, including Concrete by Mindess, Young, and Darwin, Concrete: Structure, Properties, and Materials by Mehta and Monteriro, and Concrete Technology by Neville and Brook.
Download Advanced Concrete Technology (PDF) or any other file from Books category. HTTP download also available at fast speeds.
Read Advanced Concrete Technology Set by Elsevier Books Reference for free with a 30 day free trial. Read eBook on the web, iPad, iPhone and Android Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, this new four volume series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist.
For performance evaluation of existing reinforced concrete members under irradiation conditions, a numerical code called "DEVICE" (Damage EValuation for Irradiated ConcretE), which takes into account the heat, moisture, and radiation transport coupled with cement hydration, is proposed.
and concrete – making materials, the current state of the art of self compacting concrete, special concretes, concreting techniques, non-destructive testing (NDT), repairs and strengthening of concrete structures, fly ash concrete, etc. has been included.
Description : Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, this new four volume series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist.
Concrete depending upon reinforcement is of two types, plain cement concrete (P.C.C) and reinforced concrete (R.C.C). Download Advanced Concrete Technology Concrete has specific advantages over other structural materials like timber and steel structures.
advanced concrete technology Download advanced concrete technology or read online here in PDF or EPUB. Please click button to get advanced concrete technology book now. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so don't worry about it.
Materials science and technology is a multidisciplinary approach to science that involves designing, choosing, and using three major classes of materials—metals, ceramics, and polymers (plastics).
The book is based on the syllabus and learning objectives devised by the Institute of Concrete Technology for the Advanced Concrete Technology (ACT) course. The first ACT course was held in 1968 at the Fulmer Grange Training Centre of the Cement and Concrete Association (now the British Cement Association).
BBased on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, the Advanced Concrete Technology series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia, and industry have come together to produce this unique reference source.
2009,, 32 pages Handbook on Advanced Concrete Technology Alpha Science International, 2012 Laurent Dubois weaves the stories of slaves, free people of African descent, wealthy whites and French administrators into an unforgettable tale of insurrection, war, heroism.
Jun 08, 2017· Download Advanced Concrete Technology By Zongjin Li – Concrete is the most widely used material in the world.It plays an important role in infrastructure and private buildings construction. Understanding the basic behaviors of concrete is essential for civil engineering students to become civil engineering professionals.


I don't want to rehash what has already been in the news. But I think Steve McNair was one of the best football players of the last 20 years. Heart, desire, intensity, and a focused determination were his best qualities.
He has been called a warrior and a great teammate. No matter what personal issues may come to light during the course of this investigation, I will always remember him for being a good player and person on the field. Even when as a Titan he carved up the Ravens from time to time, I always respected him. To the kid from Alcorn State, I salute you.


This coming Sunday, July 1, a group of friends and EBPAA members, after the morning Holy Mass, will go at 12 noon to visit the grave of Krzysztof Zajac, the first president of the organization in the 10th anniversary of his tragic death, to lay flowers and pay respect.
There will be a display of Krzysztof commemorative items prepared by Bogusia Kizior. Please join us, Ryszard Urbaniak, California.
We are honored to welcome the Honorable and Mrs. Lech Kaczynski, President of Poland, to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library on Tuesday, July 17, 2007 at 1:00 p.m. President Kaczynski, introduced by former Secretary of State George Shultz, will deliver a special lecture and will present the Order of the White Eagle, the highest award given by Poland, posthumously to President Ronald Reagan for his tireless efforts to bring democracy to the Polish people. Mrs. Reagan will accept the award on her husband�s behalf.


The list below includes Chile For Less' favorite hotels in Iquique.
Located on the seafront on the Cavancha Peninsula with spectacular views of Iquique, the Terrado Suites Hotel features first-class accommodations and excellent service. It has 91 suites, many of which feature a terrace directly facing the ocean. The amenities of this 4-star hotel are endless and guests have a wide range of choices for their entertainment between three restaurants; a spa featuring a swimming pool, Jacuzzi, sauna and massage room; a bar to enjoy a drink after a long day of sightseeing; two outdoor swimming pools and a business center. All rooms are elegantly decorated and equipped with all modern amenities.
Holiday Inn Express is located in one the best areas of Iquique, facing the sea on Playa Brava. The hotel features 82 rooms distributed between six floors, all equipped with modern amenities to ensure guests a comfortable stay. The hotel also has a swimming pool, outdoor Jacuzzi and a gym that guests are free to use to relax after a long day exploring the city. They will also enjoy a tasty and generous buffet breakfast in the elegant hotel restaurant overlooking the beach.
The classic Radisson hotel of Iquique, without a doubt, lives up to the reputation of this worldwide chain. Located a few minutes from the beachside and the city center, this elegant hotel features 78 comfortable rooms fully equipped with modern amenities. Guests will enjoy relaxing in the hotel's impeccably-kept swimming pool, tasting the delicious local cuisine at the restaurant, sipping one of the famous and delicious national cocktails at the bar, or simply sitting on the terrace, basking in the sun and taking in the wonderful ocean view.


The serval is native to Africa, where it is widely distributed south of the Sahara. It was once also found in Tunisia, and Algeria, but may have been extirpated from Algeria and remains in Tunisia only because of a reintroduction program.
Like most cats, the serval is a solitary, nocturnal animal.
Want to see more? follow this link.
The Flicks and I visited the best known cattery, A1 Savannahs, the home of the Savannah cat. We had an intense and memorable experience. We met this wonderful Serval cat.


text:
GGTV3
CityWorks
OC Public Libraries Reopens Doors for Grab & Go Service and Public Computer Use
OC Public Libraries is excited to announce the next stage in reopening and providing modified service in accordance with the State of California's Blueprint for a Safer Economy, with Orange County now in the red tier, libraries can reopen with modifications and capacity limited to 50%.
"The County of Orange is pleased to take this next step and expand core library services vital to the community," said Chairwoman Michelle Steel, Second District Supervisor.
Beginning September 22, OC Public Libraries will offer Grab & Go services, allowing patrons to use self-service checkout of requested and limited popular items. Library buildings will be open with metered access for Grab & Go self-service checkout of patron requests and limited popular items, along with physically distanced single patron internet stations available by reservation for one-hour sessions. Contactless curbside pickup service will continue.
"OC Public Libraries' new Grab & Go service is a great way for residents, especially those in underserved communities, to safely return to county libraries and access essential services that they may not otherwise have at home, such as Wi-Fi," said Vice Chairman Andrew Do, First District Supervisor.
Hours for in-building services will be Tuesday through Thursday, 11:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., and Friday through Saturday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. New hours for curbside pickup service will be Tuesday through Thursday, 12:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m., and Friday through Saturday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Laguna Woods and Laguna Hills Technology Libraries will continue with curbside pickup service only from Monday through Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
"The expansion of OC Public Libraries hours allows for community members to access services at their own convenience, such as after school and work or even on weekends," said Supervisor Donald Wagner, Third District.
Additionally, virtual programs and assistance will continue to be available via email, online chat, and in-person. Designated public areas will be clearly marked for patrons to safely browse, and the remaining library space has been modified in compliance with State guidelines. Patrons are advised to plan ahead as seating and restrooms will not be available at this time.
"OC Public Libraries' virtual programs and events are a great way for the community to remain connected to the library programs they miss," said Supervisor Doug Chaffee, Fourth District.
Exterior book drops remain open, and all returned library items are quarantined for 96 hours, non-stacked where possible.
"Ensuring our residents feel comfortable using our services is of high importance to the County," said Supervisor Lisa Bartlett, Fifth District. "Our libraries will continue to offer contactless options to keep those utilizing our services confident of the County's dedication to the health and safety of all residents."
OC Public Libraries will evaluate the addition of possible services when modifications are determined by the State of California and Orange County guidance.


This course consists of 8 short units addressing the importance of the relationship between educators and learners. It explores healthy ways of managing these relationships and makes us aware of the challenges specifically around communication via social media and crossing boundaries of professional conduct.
A collection of open source books to read, supporting level 1 CPTD points.
A collection of selected articles relevant to current educational matters, supporting level 1 CPTD points.
This course is aimed at empowering teachers to have a greater understanding of teenage depression and suicide. It will enable the teacher to identify the symptoms and seek support in time.
Learners today are confronted with many kinds of trauma i.e. violence in the home, bullying, accidents, robberies, divorce and death of a loved ones etc. Not all learners manifest overt signs of these encounters and educators therefore, could benefit from information about the signs, hidden or otherwise, that can present in learners in the classroom. The course dedicates a portion to the understanding of how trauma affects the brain and learning process. Lastly, the course deals with the matter of how educators may respond to the learners' needs and also refer to their SBST or other helping professionals.
This course has been developed to enable teachers to assist learners to perform according to their full potential, this implies dealing with extreme fear of failure, Physiological distress, under achievement, insecurity, inability to concentrate, self-doubt, panic, increased perspiration, increased heart rate and procrastination.
This course has been developed to enable teachers to support learners to deal with the demands of social media and find a balance towards positive impact.
The course also highlight the teachers' own use of screen time and the example set for learners. This course is also suitable for ECD practitioners.
The aim of this course is to provide Teachers with guidelines on how to deal and communicate with parents when sensitive matters concerning their child arise.
An outline is provided on how to structure and envisage a more formal face-to-face meeting. It also intends to construct a practical way of directing the meeting, finding a practical way of directing the meeting , finding solutions and consolidating this into a written output of the teacher/ parent conversations.
The course also touches on less formal communication and how it can be managed in such a way to not infringe on the Teachers' personal time.
This course is suitable for ECD practitioners.
When parents divorce , children may turn to teachers and others in their schools, because they are already important people in their lives.
This course aims to provide information which emphasizes the importance of the Educators' role in dealing with such matters and points out the legal framework in which assistance to the child can be offered.
Acknowledging that teaching is a very stressful profession and considering the fact that chronic stress can have a long-term effect on mental and physical health, the aim of this course is to create awareness of the signs and symptoms related to stressful life and work conditions.
This course highlights the negative impact of stress and emphasizes that knowledge about the protective factors can mitigate the effects of stress and promote mental health.
This course is also suitable for ECD practitioners.
This course is an Intel(R) Education course which was developed with the intention of supporting school leadership to plan for ICT integration in their schools. The course is practical and adapted to address the South African scenario.
This course has been developed to support school leadership to develop a school environment, in which racial and ethnic diversity is known, understood and respected towards and inclusive, non-racial, tolerant and accommodating teaching and learning environment.
This course is an Intel(R) Education course which was developed with the intention of introducing ICT integration into teaching and learning to teachers with no experience in this topic. It can also serve as a revision for teachers already engaged in ICT integration.
The course is designed to form a unit that include a number of critical skills that need to be revisited by principals in the changing environment of school leadership and management. As part of their personal career development, principals could select from a series of short courses (2 hour courses for easy personal access) to build a complete leadership management toolkit relevant to their own career and to the development of their learners. Towards such personal objective this course form part of the following course themes: My position as a leader, managing politics in schools, creating a vision for my school, managing racial and cultural diversity in schools, school leadership and communication skills, Enriched parent and community participation and problem solving in the school environment.
This course has been developed to support School leadership to develop a school environment, in which cultural diversity is known, understood and respected towards an inclusive, tolerant and accommodating teaching and learning environment.
Leadership skills for school principals – managing politics in schools is a leadership skills course that focus on the ability to prepare for and address the pressure of a highly politicised school environment in South Africa.
This Course is aimed at supporting School Leadership to improve Communication in the school and community.


text:
The 2018 Lithuanian Football Cup, also known as LFF Cup, was the seventy-third season of the Lithuanian annual football knock-out tournament. Forty-eight teams entered the competitions, which started on 27 April and ended on 30 September.

The winners qualify for the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League. Stumbras were the defending champions.

Participants
Participation in the competition is mandatory for all clubs of the first three tiers (A Lyga, LFF I Lyga and II Lyga). Despite that NFA aren't competing for the second year in a row. Teams of lower divisions are eligible to join if they met additional criterios. Rules prevented all reserve teams from entering the cup.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!A Lyga
!width=140|LFF I Lyga
!II Lyga
!III Lyga
!IV Lyga
|-
|valign=top|
Stumbras (holders)
Žalgiris
Sūduva
Trakai
Jonava
Atlantas
Kauno Žalgiris
Palanga
|valign=top|
Banga
Vilniaus Vytis
DFK Dainava
Džiugas
Koralas
Nevėžis
Pakruojis
Panevėžys
Utenis
Kupiškis
|valign=top|
South Zone
Ateitis
BFA
Hegelmann Litauen
Panerys
Šilas
Sveikata
TERA
Viltis

West Zone
Gargždų Pramogos SC
Šilutė
Širvėna
FA Šiauliai
Babrungas
Minija
Atmosfera Mažeikiai
Akmenės Cementas
Saned
|valign=top|
Alytus County
Merkys

Kaunas County
Kėdainiai

Klaipėda County
Sakuona-Rugpienių kaimas

Marijampolė County
Švyturys

Šiauliai County
Saulininkas-OBLT
ŠSPC Radviliškis
Adiada

Vilnius County
Elektrėnų Versmė
Navigatoriai
VGTU Vilkai
Kaišiadorys-Baltai
|valign=top|
A Division
Geležinis Vilkas

B Division
Top Kickers
|}

Schedule
The rounds of the 2016–17 competition were scheduled as follows:

Matches

First round
The following pairs were drawn on 20 April 2017 by Lithuania national team midfielder Saulius Mikoliūnas. Dates and venues will be confirmed after the draw.

Nevėžis, Pakruojis (I Lyga), Babrungas, Hegelmann Litauen, Gargždų Pramogos SC, Saned (II Lyga), Elektrėnų Versmė (III Lyga) and Top Kickers (IV Lyga) received free passes to the next round.

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final
The final match was played on Sunday 30 September 2018.

See also

Leagues
 2018 A Lyga
 2018 LFF I Lyga

Cups
 2018 Lithuanian Supercup

References

2018
Cup
2017–18 European domestic association football cups
2018–19 European domestic association football cups

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Animal Pet goldfish accidentally killed after 4yo boy decided to cuddle with it...
Pet goldfish accidentally killed after 4yo boy decided to cuddle with it in the bed
A young boy just loved his goldfish pet too much that he decided to cuddle with it in his bed. Unfortunately, he did not know that it could kill the fish.
Everett Hamlin just about to go to bed when he decided to take his goldfish pet with him to his bed for a cuddle.
The four-year-old ended up sleeping in his bed as he held his goldfish in the left hand.
Credit: Facebook/Tori Hamlin
However, his mother, Tori, later noticed that the goldfish which was named Nemo went missing from the tank.
She then went on to search for the goldfish and noticed that it was in Everett's hand.
So, Tori woke her son up and told him what had happened. Upon realizing what he had done, Everett became devastated.
"I was shocked at first, but then when he said he just wanted to pet it I was thinking, oh my god, that's so sad. I didn't think it was funny that he killed it," Tori said.
It was when Tori explained later on that Everett learned that what he did had killed the goldfish.
"He had no understanding of what he was doing. Honestly, I'm surprised he caught it. He's got some good skills there."
"He loved the goldfish. It's always been in his bedroom. He loved looking at it. He's never tried to get it before it happened that night."
Nevertheless, Tori took the incident as a chance to teach the young boy of what he should or should not do in the future.
"I explained it to him again and he said, 'that's alright. We'll have to get another fish and I won't touch it. I'm only allowed to touch fish when I go fishing'. I said, 'yep, that's right'."
"Everett has to do stuff like that to learn. Not every kid listens to their parent and learns from that. Sometimes they have to make mistakes to learn from them. It's part of parenting and growing up."
Everett now has a new goldfish pet and the young boy promises to leave the fish in the tank at night.
Credit: Lad Bible
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text:
SSG's Lycan: "It's time to stop being an up and coming team"
Will this be the season in which the Spacestation finally takes off?
Alex January 08, 2019 En
For the last three seasons, the core of this roster has been working towards the top of the league but they've found themselves stuck in the fourth place every time., Could this be the season in which they finally breach the top three of the league or even qualify for an international event?
In the last season of the Pro League, SSG debuted with a new roster after swapping Trippen and DAAAVE for Shuttle and Rampy. This composition would last only 6 months and the team would finish the first half of Season 8 in fourth place with three wins, two draws, and two losses. After the first seven games of the season, Shuttle decided to part ways with SSG after Rogue offered him a spot in their team just before DreamHack Montreal. He summed up his thoughts in a tweet about the move: "While I thought that SSG was a great team, (I) just didn't think they could get over the top 4 hurdle this season."
We spoke with Lycan about the time with Shuttle in the team:
Lycan:
We wanted a fragger and we didn't care at what cost. We felt that we had a solid support structure and if we have a fragger like Shuttle that would answer all our problems. The only problem was he did not fit in with our team and he didnt get a long with some of our players and it caused him to become disinterested and it affected the team as a whole.
https://twitter.com/AaronJBD/status/1055871212948086786
While Shuttle went Rogue's way, they sent Bryan over for the second half of the season in what was effectively a trade. The last seven games of the season brought even better results than with Shuttle as SSG was able to achieve four wins, zero draws and three losses. Unfortunately, the three losses were the reason why Spacestation Gaming was not able to break into the top three of the league, and for the third season in the row, Spacestation would finish the season in the fourth place.
During this run with Bryan, the team participated in DreamHack Montreal where they had a poor performance. They would start the tournament on the right food defeating the now former SK Gaming roster 2-1, in the following game they would fall 1-2 against the French side Millenium (now LeStream), in the decider match SK Gaming would return the favor to SSG by beating them 2-1 and ending their run in the group stages.
Redeemer and Lycan also talked with us about their time playing with Bryan:
Redeemer:
Bryan was a great pick up for the short amount of time that we had. Unfortunately, the roll that we needed filled wasn't working with Bryan. Bryan was able to tweak and adjust small mistakes that we needed to work on, but when it came down to playing the game at its core we needed a change.
(Bryan) fit in with our team and everyone got along very well… The only problem with Bryan was his playstyle didn't mesh with our playstyle… we were going to try to solve all our issues and try changing roles to make him more comfortable...but then Obey got relegated. We all loved Bryan… but it just wasn't the perfect piece that we were looking for in our roster.
Once the season was over, the team decided to part ways with Bryan and acquire Bosco as he had left the Obey Alliance roster a few days after the latter had been relegated to Challenger League.
When Dylan "Bosco" Bosco joined the SSG roster he talked to us and told us why he made the decision of joining this team:
I fit the role perfectly for what SSG was looking for, scrimmed with them a couple times and meshed really well with everyone. Just felt like the right move and I'm very excited to see where we will be down the road after grinding for some time.
Spacestation Gaming definitely showed their excitement for the addition of Bosco after announcing it in this way:
https://twitter.com/SpacestationGG/status/1057045399679131650
In their first run together as a squad at DreamHack Winter, Bosco had a great impact. The team was able to get out of the group stages of a DreamHack event for the first time in three attempts, and they also were able to edge out LeStream in a three map battle in which Bosco posted an impressive 1.41 SiegeGG Rating and a +17 K/D.
In the playoffs, SSG dominantly defeated Mock-it 2-0 with a scoreline of 7-2 and 7-3. And in the game that defined one of the lasts spots for the 2019 Six Invitational, Spacestation Gaming fell short in a 1-2 marathon vs PENTA. In the third place match vs Team Empire the team was defeated 1-2, and once again ended a tournament in fourth place.
A couple of weeks after the great result at DHW, Spacestation arrived to Las Vegas looking to become "Team America", their first rival was the newly acquired Rise Nation squad, SSG would find their way towards the victory after a close first map to finish the series 2-0. In the Semifinal, Spacestation faced off against Rogue, with the new addition of VertcL, a three map marathon and which was probably the best series of the tournament, SSG were unable to close out the series in which they had a one map advantage and a match point in the second map, ending their run in the US Nationals earlier than they expected.
After the result in Jönköping and Las Vegas, the team had impressed the whole scene -- the synergy and team play that the team showed in Sweden was something that had never been seen from this roster. It was clear that the addition of one of North America's top players in Bosco to the already talented roster and coaching staff has made this team a real threat to the titans of Evil Geniuses and Rogue just like DarkZero.
To go further, and into orbit, Spacestation Gaming will now have to fight to end this first half of the season in a solid spot while trying to achieve the only 2019 Six Invitational spot for North America remaining.
We were also able to question Lycan and Redeemer about their expectations towards Season 9 and the 2019 Invitational Qualifiers:
Expectations for us going into Season 9 have never been higher. We have been building and growing this team since I joined the roster last year. This is hands down the best this team has ever looked. We are going to be firing on all cylinders headed into S9 and the Six Invitational Qualifiers.
I think it's time for SSG to stop being considered an "up and coming" team, and this is the time when we earn that. We are ready to fight the best teWe expect no less than to win the invitational qualifier and now that we have the line up I have been trying to build since i joined it's time to finish top 2 and go to S9 finals.
The current Spacestation Gaming roster is:
Taylor "Redeemer" Mayeur
Javier "ThinkingNade" Escamilla
Brady "Chala" Davenport
Nathanial "Rampy" Duvall
Dylan "Bosco" Bosco
Justin "Lycan" Woods (Coach)
You will be able to catch Spacestation Gaming in action on the official Rainbow6 Twitch and Youtube channels when the 2019 Six Invitational Qualifiers and the whole first half of the season will be played in the month of January on the following dates:
Tuesday, January 8th vs Evil Geniuses
Sunday, January 13th vs Cloud9
Monday, January 14th vs DarkZero
Monday, January 21st vs Ex-Noble
Tuesday, January 22nd vs Rogue
Monday, January 28th vs Rise Nation
Tuesday, January 29th vs Excelerate Gaming
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De astronoom is een schilderij uit 1668 van de Hollandse meester Johannes Vermeer. Het schilderij vormt een pendant met het latere werk De geograaf waarop eveneens een wetenschapper aan het werk wordt afgebeeld. De astronoom is in het bezit van het Louvre in Parijs.

Beschrijving
Het schilderij toont een man die een hemelglobe van Jodocus Hondius uit 1600 bestudeert. Op de werktafel ligt de Institutiones Astronomicae et Geographicae van Adriaan Metius (1621) opengeslagen op Boek III. Metius adviseert de onderzoeker in dat hoofdstuk om behalve op mechanische instrumenten en kennis van geometrie ook op inspiratie door God te vertrouwen. Aan de muur hangt een schilderij dat de vondst van Mozes afbeeldt. Deze profeet stond symbool voor de kennis van astronomie en geografie doordat hij alle kennis van het oude Egypte had verworven en het Joodse volk uit Egypte leidde.

Mogelijk is de afgebeelde man in beide stukken Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, stad- en leeftijdgenoot van Vermeer. Twintig jaar later portretteerde de Delftse schilder Jan Verkolje deze wetenschapper in een vergelijkbare pose als in De geograaf. De gelaatstrekken komen eveneens deels overeen. Sluitend bewijs voor deze aanname is echter niet te geven.

Geschiedenis

De pendanten De astronoom en De geograaf zijn hoogstwaarschijnlijk in opdracht vervaardigd. Het zijn de enige schilderijen van Vermeer waarop een alleenstaande man is afgebeeld. In 1713 werden beide stukken geveild door de Rotterdamse regent Adriaen Paets, mogelijk de opdrachtgever. Op de veilingstukken staan ze beschreven als een stuk verbeeldende een Mathematis Konstenaar, door vander Meer en een ditto door denzelven. Na enkele malen doorverkocht te zijn in de achttiende eeuw was de Amsterdammer Jan Danser Nijman de laatste die beide werken in zijn bezit had. Jan Gildemeester Jansz. verwierf De astronoom in 1797.
Tussen 1881 en 1888 kwam De astronoom in het bezit van de familie Rothschild. In 1940 confisqueerde Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, een organisatie die voor de nazi's kunst roofde in de bezette gebieden, het schilderij in Parijs. Na de oorlog werd het doek teruggegeven aan de familie. In 1983 verwierf de Franse staat het schilderij als vergoeding van te betalen successierechten.
Sindsdien hangt het in het Louvre.

Werk van Vermeer
Schilderij in het Louvre
1670-1679


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EJOLT workshop on Ecologically Unequal Exchange and Ecological Debt
Posted by Nick on January 20th, 2014
The Human Ecology Division from Lund University, Sweden, invites you all to this 2-day workshop on March 27-28, 2014. If you want to participate – please let Alf Hornborg know: email hidden; JavaScript is required
The two-day workshop focusses on ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) and ecological debt (ED). We hope to be able to organize sessions dealing with several different aspects of these topics, ranging from the analytical and theoretical definitions of central concepts such as EUE and ED, and methodologies for tracing their occurrence, to political, legal, and ethical considerations. A fundamental ambition in all EJOLT initiatives is to encourage mutually beneficial communication between researchers and activists affiliated with environmental justice organizations.
The workshop will address fundamental conceptual issues such as the relation between EUE and capital accumulation, including the growth of material infrastructure as well as financial assets. It will consider the role of monetary measures of (exchange) value in relation to biophysical measures of productive potential such as embodied energy, labor, or land. It will also discuss possible policies for ameliorating asymmetries in the international trade in ecological resources.
The workshop will take place at the Department of Geography, Sölvegatan 10, Lund. The nearest international airport is Kastrup, near Copenhagen. There are direct trains from Kastrup to Lund. There are several reasonably priced hotels in central Lund, such as Hotel Concordia (Stålbrogatan 1.) If you plan to participate in the workshop, please make your travel and hotel reservations as soon as possible, and count on arriving Lund on March 26 so as not to miss the morning session on March 27.
Here is the programme
ABSTRACTS (IN ORDER OF PRESENTATION)
THE ACCUMULATION OF MATERIAL WEALTH IN DIFFERENT WORLD REGIONS: A FURTHER MAP OF INJUSTICE
Andreas Mayer and Willi Haas
There is ample evidence that an unabated growth in material consumption will pass the Earth system's source and sink capacities. In the face of limited resources, issues regarding the distribution of these resources increasingly gain importance. By conducting material flow analysis one is enabled to ask who is consuming the largest share of materials and what are the dynamics at present? But as with climate justice, it wouldn't be just to neglect the historic dimension of material consumption. Therefore, at the core of our contribution we are interested in the analysis of material consumption for the period from WW II up to 2010. During this phase, the fossil fuel based industrialization triggered unprecedented growth in material consumption mainly in the wealthy world regions of Europe, Northern America and partly in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Guiding questions are on the cumulated material flows that were consumed and whether they stem from domestic sources or were imported from other world regions. With other words, we want to reveal to which degree material wealth (in terms of flows of mass) of world regions has been built up on domestic or on foreign resources. The results will be displayed on global country level maps displaying cumulated consumption and trade flows in absolute terms as well as per capita based on accumulated populations. For doing so we can rely on the material flow database of national economies for 177 countries that will be published in 2014 (Schaffartzik et al. 2014). Data are available for biomass, metals, fossil energy carriers and minerals. Recent data show that the highly industrialized economies have stabilized their metabolic rates (albeit on a very high level), and the profiles of the emerging economies such as China or Brazil are rapidly converging towards an industrial pattern of material use, providing their populations with increasing levels of material wealth. Hence, current policies target these dynamic economies, arguing that their adoption of an industrial pattern will boost global material consumption and therefore will be prone to surpass planetary boundaries of waste absorption. However, depicting the accumulated material wealth of nations shows a clearly distinctive picture. This contribution aims for showing the legacies of long historical accumulation of material goods within specific world regions or national economies, which is the share of already used resources by them. In doing so, it is not the rapidly growing giants who are the primary targets for dematerialization, but those economies that have already excessively consumed materials over the last decades.
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, MARXISM, AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS: SOME EXPLORATIONS OF THE CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THEORIES OF ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE
Alf Hornborg
To understand 'ecologically unequal exchange,' we need to rethink the notion of 'technological progress,' because they are two sides of the same coin. Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the accumulation of technological infrastructure (physical capital) in core regions has been based on asymmetric flows of material resources in the world-system, and on the neoclassical economic ideology which would make such asymmetries invisible. The trust in technological progress, shared by neoclassical economics, most Marxists, and most ecological economists, is an indication of the conventional failure to conceptualize the pervasive logic of ecologically unequal exchange. When the originally Marxian notion of 'unequal exchange' (of embodied labor) was extended to include ecological resources, as in the work of H.T. Odum, it was generally founded on the analytically equivalent idea that ecological 'use values' (e.g., embodied energy) are underpaid in market exchange. This paper argues that such approaches to unequal exchange are misleading. Economic values should be kept analytically distinct from quantities of biophysical resources, whether energy, hectares of land, or hours of labor. The paper compares two divergent approaches in ecological economics (proposed by N. Georgescu-Roegen and H.T. Odum, respectively), Physiocracy, Marxism, and neoclassical economics. It suggests that, among these different approaches, only that of Georgescu-Roegen integrates economics and physics in a clarifying way. A conclusion would be that environmental injustices and ecological debts are often generated by ecologically unequal exchange, but that such unequal exchange should be identified in terms of asymmetric flows of biophysical resources, rather than in terms of asymmetric flows of 'values'.
LINKING ECOLOGICAL DEBT AND ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE: A STOCK-FLOW PERSPECTIVE
Rikard Warlenius
The notions of ecological debt and ecologically unequal exchange have developed isolated from each other and under different circumstances, where the first is mainly an activist concept and the latter an academic. When brought together, which is still rare, naturally it has been done within activist-academic partnerships such as EJOLT. I will argue that the two concepts can be linked together analytically in a fashion that is quite simple and logical by using a stock-flow perspective. In short, a stock is a specific quantity of units existing at a specific point in time, while a flow is a change in the number of units over an interval of time. Stocks and flows are not immediately commensurable, but related by adding a time factor. Quite simply, if I have 10 dollars in my piggy bank, and add 1 dollar every month, the stock is measured in dollars and the flow in dollars per month. Another typical, and in this context pertinent, example is the relation between a debt (stock) and the money flows that determines the debt: lending, interest, redemption, etc. Thus, the stock (debt) is the accumulated result at a specific time of the flows. Ecological debt, as conceptualized by both activists and academics, is mostly considered as the accumulated result of different kinds of flows of natural resources and waste, but these flows are seldom referred to as ecologically unequal exchange. (As far as I know, only Martinez-Alier (2002) has touched upon this relation when he defines ecological debt as a result of different ecological distribution conflicts, of which ecologically unequal exchange is mentioned as one.) Ecologically unequal exchange, on the other hand, is usually defined as different flows of resources and waste, but the accumulated results of the flows are never referred to as ecological debt. Thus, linking these two notions as a stock and flow relation, where ecological debt is the accumulated result of ecologically unequal exchange, makes immediate sense. Doing so might enhance the clarity and usefulness of both concepts – and perhaps also help bridging the contexts in which they have been born, i.e. between environmental justice activists and radical academics. However, this operation includes slight adjustments of how some use the concepts, and this needs to be done in a delicate way to avoid diminishing their analytical precision and usefulness. An attempt will be made in the paper.
ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT, AND ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE: EXPLORING THESE RELATIONSHIPS AND THE POSSIBILITIES FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Andrew K. Jorgenson
I engage foundational perspectives in environmental sociology to assess the extent to which the relationship between the environment and development changes through time. Ecological modernization theory posits that even though economic development harms the environment, the magnitude of the harmful link decreases over the course of development, leading to the environment decoupling from economic development. In contrast, treadmill of production theory argues that the strong relationship between environmental harms and economic development will remain constant or possibly increase through time, and this should hold for both developed and less-developed countries. Findings for statistical analyses of national-level anthropogenic carbon emissions provide modest support for treadmill of production theory. The effect of development on carbon emissions remains large and stable through time for a sample of developed nations, but increases from low to moderate levels through time for a sample of less-developed nations. I next discuss and empirically illustrate how the structure of global trade and production networks in ecologically unequal contexts partially shape these unsustainable environment and development relationships. Finally, I draw from other bodies of social theory, most notably world society theory, to better identify situations in which a decoupling between carbon emissions and economic development is more likely to occur. Tentative analyses suggest that nations more integrated in world society are more likely to experience a reduction in the environmental impacts of economic development through time. The results highlight the potential for future research that more effectively pinpoints the mechanisms that lead to such environmentally beneficial outcomes where the harmful effects of ecologically unequal exchange relationships might be reduced.
MEASURING ECOLOGICALLY UNEQUAL EXCHANGE IN THE NORTH-SOUTH CONTEXT: QUANTIFYING AND COMPENSATING BIODIVERSITY LOSS EMBEDDED IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Michael Curran, Laura de Baan, Thomas Koellner, Carlo Rondinini, Piero Visconti, and Stefanie Hellweg
Habitat loss in developing countries, primarily driven by agricultural production for global markets, represents the most immediate threat to global biodiversity. Industrialized and transition economies consume the majority of global agricultural output, and thereby impose disproportionately large, unpaid environmental costs on producing nations in the form of ecosystem loss and degradation. Until now, the measurement of such impacts has been hampered by the unavailability, bias and low resolution of existing data on species and ecosystem distributions. In this study, we present a method to quantify land use impacts on biodiversity at a very high spatial resolution using distribution data from a recent Global Mammal Assessment. The method quantifies pixel-level biodiversity impacts in terms of reductions in threat and rarity-weighted species richness. To do this, contemporary patterns in biodiversity are compared with a "potential" natural baseline (i.e. in the absence of human land use). By integrating freely available information on land use, agricultural production and trade, we illustrate both area (impacts/ha) and crop (impact/kg) level assessments. Finally, a method to compensate impacts is presented based on the "unpaid costs of sustainable management of renewable resources" (Martinez-Alier 2002), expressed as a price premium on land or commodity transactions. The compensation methodology applies "robustly fair biodiversity offsets," which achieve biodiversity neutrality by expressing uncertain and risky future biodiversity gains of compensation activities in discounted present terms. These are compared to certain present losses caused by development activities (in this case agricultural production). We illustrate the proposed framework with an example of key export crops in East Africa, and compensation through a hypothetical case study of improved conservation in Central Kenya. Finally, we discuss potential applications, including use in life cycle assessment, testing hypotheses of ecologically unequal exchange, voluntary compensation schemes based on consumer willingness to pay, and the prospect of an international biodiversity tax on heavily traded commodities.
BETWEEN CONSUMER BLINDNESS AND CONSUMER SCAPEGOATISM: CONSUMERS' ROLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL (IN)JUSTICE
Sylvia Lorek and Lewis Akenji
An important hope of EJOs to change harmful production patterns lies on (northern) consumer awareness and their ability to shift consumption patterns towards more ecological ends. So for them the question appears how to overcome 'consumer blindness'. In fact one of the explicit aims of the EJOLT project is to help European and international consumers to become more aware of the impacts of their consumption choices through increasing consumers' and decision makers' access to information on the global social and environmental impacts of consumption. However useful better information is, the questions appear: How influential are consumers in the end? Isn't the hope that changes in consumer habits may change unjust systems a copy of – and thus enforces – the neoliberal argument of consumer sovereignty? The presentation reflects on both sides: the need to change consumption patterns to reduce environmental injustice and the limitations and pitfalls of making consumers the scapegoats of an unjust global economic system. An analytical tool to do so is the Attitudes-Facilitators-Infrastructure (AFI) framework (Akenji 2013).
A REVIEW OF THE EVOLVING HISTORY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE MOVEMENT IN THE U.S. THROUGH THE LENS OF COMMUNITY ACTIVISM
Alejandro Colsa, Bernadette Grafton, Katy Hintzen, Sara Orvis, Paul Mohai, and
Rebecca Hardin
Using a combination of survey and ethnographic methods, as well as an extensive literature review, this article expands on the body of work about the environmental justice (EJ) movement in the United States, revealing dynamics of emerging Environmental Justice Organizations (or EJOs) through the lens of community activism. We argue that the organizing structures adopted by EJ activists in specific cases has evolved over time, both influencing and being influenced by the broader social movement for environmental justice. Beginning with informal community groups rooted in the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, EJ activists in a range of U.S. contexts have progressed through the last three decades of the twentieth century toward more formal, institutionalized EJOs. This article examines several distinct trajectories of such organizational changes, seeking to understand the socio-political contexts that prompt informal community groups to formalize as contemporary EJOs. We will also look at how innovative approaches to organizing in one community can set a precedent for other activists in the way they approach environmental conflicts. This historical review thus suggests both trends and variations within those trends. Because it is supplemented with a series of recent personal interviews with EJ scholars, activists, leaders, and other members of the EJ community, it will prove a useful tool for both activists and scholars in an era of increasing global collaboration among EJ institutions.
COMMERCIAL DEFICITS AND PHYSICAL TRADE DEFICITS IN SOUTH AMERICA
Pablo Samaniego, M. C. Vallejo, and J. Martinez-Alier
After some years in which the terms of trade improved, some South American countries are now suffering from a new condition, with deficits in the balance of international trade (imports higher than exports, in dollars) while continuing to have persistent physical trade deficits (exports in tons much larger than imports in tons – we call this a physical "deficit" because it means that more materials are exported, depleting resources, than are imported). We give updated figures for at least three countries, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, but trends are similar in many other countries in South America. So, to the persistent historical situation (which continued also in the 1990s and 2000s until today) of "structurally" negative terms of trade (one ton of imports at least twice, often three times more expensive than a ton of exports), that was slightly alleviated in the last decade, is now added (again) a further deterioration of terms of trade. As commercial deficits lead to current account deficits, there is need for external financing. As external debts increase (again), there is a need for further exports of raw materials to pay for the debts, depleting resources, polluting the environment, and causing more and more socio-environmental conflicts.
'GLO-CAL' CITIZENS AND LITIGATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: THE CASE OF SHELL IN NIGERIA
Godwin Uyi Ojo
The extractive industries' expansive drive to meet energy demand has resulted in escalating conflicts and violence at the sites of extraction. In Nigeria, oil companies' operations are ubiquitous and occurring in neighbourhoods, farmlands, and rivers. The impact of oil spills and gas flaring is contributing to climate change and ecological debt. Other impacts affect water quality, air pollution and rural livelihoods. Conflicts abound and locals, due to weak institutions for seeking redress, are helpless, sometimes resorting to self-help and violent actions resulting in company facility shut down, kidnapping of oil workers for ransom, and sabotage of oil facilities. This paper explores the political, legal and ethical dimensions in terms of risks to business and the link between valuation of nature and litigating for environmental justice to explore the inherent contradictions of whether to value nature or not. Drawing from multiple cases from Shell, it explores innovative ways in which civil society groups and communities are seeking environmental justice in what I have termed a "glo-cal citizens" and expansive rights approach in defense of the environment. The paper argues that the shifting trends in environmental litigation, if supported by trans-border jurisdiction policy, could bring industry to account for avoided externalities and any historical ecological debt. The paper suggests that valuation against forms of dispossession, environmental remediation and accounting for full ecological costs could further the quest for environmental justice in ways that might make the proposition to "Leave oil in the soil" a more viable option.
MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE: HOW ECOLOGICAL DEBT DEFINES A RADICAL CHANGE IN THE INTERNATIONAL LAW SYSTEM
Jordi Jaria i Manzano, Antonio Cardesa-Salzmann, Antoni Pigrau, and Susana Borràs
The aim of this presentation is to show the main conclusions of EJOLT Report n. 11, Legal perspectives on international debates about claims for Climate Debt / Ecological Debt. This paper takes ecological debt as a measure of environmental injustice and uses this idea as a motor of change of the international law system. As in previous works of the CEDAT team on this subject, environmental justice is defined as a fair distribution of charges and benefits derived from using natural resources, in order to provide minimal conditions of welfare to all human beings, including future generations. Subsequently, ecological debt is used as a measure of this injustice. Therefore, ecological debt expresses an unfair and illegitimate distribution of benefits and burdens within the social metabolism, including ecologically unequal exchange and disproportionate occupation and damaging of common goods, such as the atmosphere. The idea of ecological debt points to financial debt as a means to plunder peripheral societies in the global South. This mirroring justifies the use of 'debt' as a term for pointing to environmental injustice. Therefore, ecological debt serves to underline the inequitable and unsustainable consequences of the social metabolism of the capitalist world-system. But unlike financial debt, ecological debt is based on the consumption of non-renewable resources, so its indefinite projection in time cannot be permitted, cannot be normalized. Such a fact asks for more than compensation, rather a pervasive change of global social metabolism, which includes a substantial reform of the international law system, which has hidden unequal exchange under a disguise of state sovereignty and equality. The current system of international relations is based on some ideas which promote a lack of transparency, control and accountability of power, through a pro-growth and pro-freedom language which (theoretically) compensates ordinary people, but (practically) pays benefits only to a few. Ecological debt, as a symptom of the pervasive injustice of the current balance of power, demands an equivalent pervasive response, uncovering and deconstructing real power behind the scenery of equally sovereign states. It claims a counter-hegemonic agenda based on rebuilding international law from a pluralist perspective (TWAIL) and enhancing and improving control of power (a constitutional approach to international law). In our opinion, global power structures responsible for ecological unequal exchange require a legal response, a constitution (constitutionalism has been defined as a 'mindset', a project of political and moral regeneration, according to which international lawyers resort to a vocabulary of institutional hierarchies and fundamental values in the application of law). Our point is that global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange will not be corrected by minor adaptations of existing international regimes. Nor will it come through the formal enactment of a given set of principles. Rather, what it takes is a profound reconceptualization of global governance in cosmopolitan terms. With that, principles such as democracy, human rights, equality and solidarity, checks and balances, and the rule of law are thought to set up the legal foundation for the allocation of power in the international sphere. For this reason, ecological debt is not to be used only as a means of appropriate compensation, but as a conceptual definition of an unfair system of human relations, which has to be changed. Accordingly, ecological debt can be used as well to define the burdens to be assumed as costs of the change required in international relations, i.e. advancing in constitutionalisation of international law and giving appropriate protection to human beings in a paradigm of sustainability (not sustainable development) and equity.
RIGHTS OF NATURE OR RESPONSIBILITY TO NATURE? A CONVERSATION WITH THE UNISTOTEN RESISTANCE CAMP
Mel Basil, Freda Huson, Leah Temper, and Dini Ze Toghestiy
This article draws on the theoretical politics and praxis of members of the Unistoten Resistance and Action Camp in northwestern British Columbia, Canada (of which three of the authors are members). The Wetsuweten clan has been reoccupying and establishing themselves on their ancestral lands since 2010 to stop up to 7 pipeline projects meant to carry fracked gas and tar sands oil from inner BC to the coast and eventually to Asia. States such as Ecuador and Bolivia have recently enshrined Rights to Nature in their constitutions, which draw from indigenous cosmovisions such as the concepts of Sumak Kawsay and Pachamama, but at the same time imposed a liberal rights framing onto them. However, the Wetsuweten tribe prefers to emphasize a responsibility and relationship-based approach to the defense of nature and the territory. Such an approach entails a different conceptualization of the concept of sovereignty, as well as a "post-statist" framework to post-extractivism. We review briefly some of these concepts (drawing on Escobar, Gudynas and Kneen) and demonstrate how they have been reanimated through living processes at the Unistoten Camp, for example through their reimagined Free Prior and Informed Consent protocol. Finally, we discuss implications of and limitations of the subjectivity of nature and rights-based discourses for colonized peoples struggling to defend the environment, suggesting that there is a need to move past a dualistic conception of global capital as the problem and the state as the source of solutions without analyzing how they are intertwined and complicit with another. We conclude with some thoughts on responsibility-based approaches for indigenous resistance struggles from the bottom up.
AN ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM OF BIOMEDICAL HEALTH CARE: A LOOK AT SOME MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO – AND MAINTAINING MEDICAL IGNORANCE ABOUT – THE CORPORATE/LEGAL-STRUCTURE-RELATED INCIDENCE AND UNEQUAL SPREAD OF DISEASES
Jair Stern
There is a large body of evidence documenting many patterns in which corporations are actively involved in guiding and framing health-related research and public awareness, as well as intervention on diseases according to their own structural demands. Corporations, intertwined with public science, have amplified and produced prodigious efforts at advancing some forms of medical understanding, diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, they have posed a notable hindrance to the advancement of systematic considerations on how corporate structures as such may play an integral role in some forms of disease causation. In this paper, I want to trace some examples of corporate-structure-related patterns of disease causation. I argue that corporate behavior is structurally inclined towards unequal consequences regarding exposure to and protection against diseases. This outcome is due to segregating both the appropriation and destruction of material health-protective resources and of exposure to toxic waste. The processes involved (apart from some notable exceptions) typically escape medical conceptualization. I briefly consider methodological challenges for better addressing this neglected type of disease-related processes.
ecological debt, ecologically unequal exchange


Dr Kosh Agarwal is Consultant Hepatologist and Transplant Physician at the Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, part of the largest liver transplant program in Europe. He is also Lead for the Viral Hepatitis Service, which is the largest treatment centre for viral hepatitis in the UK.
Dr Agarwal graduated from Newcastle University. His postgraduate training was undertaken in Newcastle with the majority of his clinical and research training at the Regional Liver and Transplant Unit. Prior to his appointment at King's, he was a Consultant & Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Regional Liver & Transplant Unit in Newcastle.
Dr Agarwal also spent a year at the Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai, New York furthering his viral hepatitis expertise and developing an interest in adult-adult living related and multi-visceral transplantation. His research interests encompass adult liver transplantation, viral hepatitis, HIV-associated liver disease and hepatocellular cancer.
He is an investigator for several ongoing studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of various antiviral treatment regimens for chronic Hepatitis B & C. He is a member of AASLD, EASL, BASL & ILTS.


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The hardware itself is not compatible with Vista and Windows 7 or higher.
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