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Home » Sustainability » Climate Change » How will governments fund net zero?
How will governments fund net zero?
By Karen Day on 02/05/2022 | Updated on 03/05/2022
Dock workers unload coal from a ship in Bangladesh. Governments will need to fund the transition from fossil fuel-intensive industries to sustainable ones. Photo by Adam Cohn via Flickr
It is estimated that half of the world's population is 'highly vulnerable' to the impacts of climate change. Driven in part by COP26 last year, the race to decarbonise economies, protect people and safeguard ecosystems has begun. But who will pay the trillions of dollars needed to effect real change? Karen Day reports
Last year was a climate change wake-up call as extreme weather events ripped across the globe. Soaring temperatures in the Pacific Northwest rewrote records, California suffered a particularly bad wildfire season, China saw the worst dust storm in a decade, and countries including Germany, India and Indonesia experienced devastating floods.
These events – which displaced millions of people and destroyed valuable ecosystems – consolidated the global consensus on stemming climate change during COP26 in Glasgow, UK, where governments committed to reducing carbon emissions by 2030 and most to net zero by 2050. But the cost of fundamentally changing people's way of life and our economies requires sustained investment, running into trillions of US dollars every year. The question for governments is: who is going to pay and how?
According to the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) think tank, the amount spent globally on 'climate finance' increased from US$574bn in 2017/18 to US$632bn in 2019/20 – the most recently available figures. This includes public and private sector investment in renewable energy, sustainable transport systems, and adaptation solutions.
The CPI warns that despite steady growth in climate finance, it is nowhere near enough to mitigate climate change. It estimates that the world needs to invest at least US$4.5 trillion to US$5 trillion annually by 2030, a staggering rise of 590% [on current spending levels?], to tackle the most damaging aspects of climate change.
"That's the true picture," says Baysa Naran, a senior analyst who leads the CPI's climate finance tracking. "The challenge we have ahead of us is enormous. We are not looking at incremental improvements, there needs to be step change. What we do every day needs to change."
Currently governments, largely through development finance institutions, are the biggest funders of climate finance. According to the CPI report Global Landscape of Climate Finance, the public sector contributed 51% of the world's climate funding between 2019 and 2020, at US$321bn. This will have to change if climate funding is to reach the levels predictions indicate is needed to bring about real change. "Even if we spent every single dollar of public money, we are not going to get there," Naran says. "The obvious answer is driving more private sector resources."
Mark Carney
At COP26 there was some international movement on this. Mark Carney, UN Special Envoy for Climate Action and Finance, announced that he had corralled 450 major financial companies from 45 countries to join his Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, or GFANZ. These companies have all committed to net zero investments and to reporting on their financed emissions annually. Carney claims that, given the US$130 trillion in assets held by GFANZ members, the Alliance is now of a scale to start "mainstreaming" climate finance. "We now have the essential plumbing in place to move climate change from the fringes to the forefront of finance, so that every financial decision takes climate change into account," he says. The challenge now, he concedes, is directing that cash into scalable net zero projects, particularly in emerging and developing countries.
Reducing emissions investments
Like driving climate finance, reducing emissions investments will also need to become a greater priority. Currently, more than US$850bn is invested in fossil fuels every year, compared to US$632bn in green finance. The real push now, says Naran, should be aligning global public and private financial flows with low carbon and climate resilience as covered by article 21.C of the Paris Agreement. Over 190 countries have, in theory, agreed to do this, but progress is glacially slow. "It is so important and crucial," says Naran. "But the reality is, we are far from doing this."
Part of what is required to shift finance flows and align economies with decarbonisation is for governments to create the policy and regulatory environments to make it happen. "We don't need all this money to magically appear," says Samantha Gross, director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at US-based think tank, the Brookings Institution. "We need to shift capital investment. If the playing fields are drawn well by governments and the costs are right, the capital will shift in that direction."
Gross, also a former director at the US energy department, points to proposals published in March that will force US companies to report on their carbon emissions and those of their suppliers and consumers. She says this is a prime example of "setting the right playing field".
The plans, by the Securities and Exchange Commission, have been in the pipeline for a year and are broadly comparable, Gross says, to the EU's taxonomy on sustainable finance. "This should give different flavours of risk," she says. "If a company has a manufacturing plant located at sea level, that's one risk, another is if that company is making a carbon heavy product. It gives investors better standardised information. I'm excited about that."
The UK Treasury has also pledged to introduce disclosure requirements for private investment, although there is no clear timetable yet.
Read more: Governments urged to end 'empty pledges' on climate
In Canada, the last 12 months have been pivotal for the federal government in getting its regulatory regime in place. In June 2021 its Net Zero Emissions Accountability Act came into force, legally enshrining its targets to reduce emissions by 40%-45% by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2050. It outlined how it aims to do this in its emissions reduction plan, published in March, including through the country's carbon pricing system.
Introduced in 2019, this will see an incremental increase from C$65 per tonne of carbon emitted in 2023, to C$170 per tonne by 2030. The price increase, which applies to emissions from both businesses and householders, is designed to drive greener behaviour and encourage the switch to a low carbon economy.
"There is a role for public dollars in priming the pump, mobilising private capital and directing it in the right way to do the things that private capital won't," says Dale Beugin, vice president of research at the Canadian Climate Institute (CCI). "In Canada that's especially possible because we have the carbon price." The CCI is also urging the government to accelerate four other policies if it is to hit its targets: plans for an oil and gas cap, a clean electricity standard, land-use emissions reductions, and a strengthened clean fuel standard.
To 'prime the pump' the federal government has set up a Net Zero Accelerator fund of up to C$8bn. This is targeted at emission-heavy industries, principally those that use fossil fuels, to help them decarbonise. It has also set up tax incentives for businesses investing in carbon capture – which Beugin says overlaps with the Accelerator fund – and is using the Canada Infrastructure Bank, which has C$35bn to invest, to try and drive private capital into longer-term emissions reduction projects.
"This is what you can do with government levers to reinforce and buttress that carbon price and drive emissions reductions," Beugin says. He adds that despite the policy planks now being in place in Canada, with 2030 just eight years away, the country's targets are "barely achievable".
Build Back Better Act – a setback
In the US, the return to climate positive policy has not been plain sailing for President Biden's administration. Last year Biden set out an impressive list of climate change targets including reducing emissions by 50%-52% by 2030, creating a carbon neutral power sector by 2035, and leading the world on developing climate finance. One of the key planks for meeting emissions targets is the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill, an unprecedented US$550bn package that will fund clean energy and climate change infrastructure, including around US$320bn in tax incentives. Though this investment package has been passed, the much more significant US$7 trillion Build Back Better Act – Biden's framework for helping the country meet its climate goals, create millions of jobs, and grow the economy – was passed by the House in November last year but floundered in the US senate. It is unclear whether it will become law.
Read more: UK urged to create 'net zero' development bank
Brookings Institution's Gross concedes that this is a setback but it is far from a "bust" pointing to the infrastructure bill, which includes US$235bn for sustainable transport, an electric vehicle charging network, US$65bn for new renewable energy transmission lines, and research and development. She adds that Biden's "whole-of-government approach" – what his executive branch, individual states and the legislation passed so far can do collectively – puts the US on a "positive" path.
Internationally, the US recommitting to the Paris Agreement after it withdrew from it under Donald Trump in 2020, is a step forward, particularly as world governments start to renegotiate the collective goal on climate finance. This currently sits at US$100bn a year, but this figure is controversial with claims it does not cover the needs of developing countries. It is estimated that collectively developing countries will need nearly US$6 trillion a year, raising questions about where that money will come from.
Gross adds her voice to US, Canada, UK and EU experts' views that public finance is an enabler to climate finance – corralling private capital into climate change, pump priming new technologies and incentivising behaviour change. But there are still huge obstacles to overcome to decarbonise economies and time is ticking for governments and international communities. "Once people can make money fixing this problem, you won't be able to stop them fixing it," Gross predicts. "That's ultimately what we need to do. The government can bring down the cost of technologies and draw the playing field differently and all the things that make it possible for the private sector to make money, because ultimately that's what moves mountains."
Read more: Averting climate catastrophe: how can civil servants help deliver COP26 commitments?
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Study shows majority of teens struggle mentally going back to school
The first day of school is quickly approaching and as parents worry about their kids having supplies, they should also be thinking about their state of mind.
By Leroy Triggs
Published: Aug. 11, 2022 at 10:43 PM CDT
HASTINGS, Neb. (KSNB) - The first day of school is quickly approaching and as parents worry about their kids having supplies, they should also be thinking about their state of mind.
A study from Telosity shows more than 50 percent of teens are concerned about attending school in person, with catastrophic events such as school shootings taking the biggest toll on their mental health. Family, friends, societal expectations, and COVID-19 are some of the other causes of mental health struggles.
"There's a lot of fear around the different stages in which COVID was spreading we saw surges and there's a lot of social expectations that kids have and there's a lot of peer pressure," said Anish Srivastava, Founder and General Partner of Telosity by Vinaj Ventures.
The study also shows that when it comes to peer pressure, part of it is centered around masks not being mandatory in schools. Due to the dynamic between those who were and those who weren't wearing them.
"Our area schools are really prioritizing that as of late," said Jessica Shepard, ESU9 School Psychologist. "Some of that is because we've received some grants and funding like through the Nebraska Department of Education and it's also because schools see that there's a need. There is youth that is saying we need support and help."
Shepard works with schools in Central Nebraska through the Nebraska Department of Education's Mental Health Institute grant to help kids learn how to deal with emotions and problem-solving.
"Kids are more plugged up to a screen or a device than they ever have been before," said Liesel Hogan, Licensed Independent Mental Health Therapist. "I know from talking to the kids that I work with that they are spending high numbers, high hours per day on a screen and if you're on a screen you're not moving, you're probably not eating well."
According to Telosity, technology is one of the ways teens can get some relief from their life problems. With 70% of the survey respondents said tech has actually had a positive impact their mental health
"We're trying to mask feeling. Video games, the apps, all of that said it's going to light up the pleasure system just like drugs do. If I have a bad interaction with my friends I'm just going to check out and scroll on my phone. I'm going to feel good because it's going to light up my pleasure system and I'm going to be fine, but we're not actually dealing with the original problem," said Hogan.
Hogan also said, teens seeking technology as an escape valve are not developing problem-solving skills.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Near Infrared
Infrared Bulbs
It's a new year and I would like to share what is happening with supply of Infrared bulbs in the US.
As of early 2023 distributors are no longer able to import incessant heat lamps. That being said they are still offered for sale and heat lamps may end up being excluded from a band.
We have many bulbs in stock for our customers for years to come. They generally can last a very long time, many bulbs lasting 3-5+ years with normal use.
The following link will clarify which bulbs to consider, cutting through much of the hype on the internet.
Rich Sauna Comfort
https://gembared.com/blogs/musings/the-best-near-infrared-incandescent-250w-heat-lamps-for-2023
https://gembared.com/blogs/musings/the-best-near-infrared-250-watt-incandescent-heat-lamps-for-pain-and-diy-saunas
January 7, 2023 /0 Comments/by admin
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The Red Lite Fascia Reset by Ramsay Mead


Tuesday that it too was cooperating.
They have until June 26 to negotiate the terms.
In other words, beyond their workers and plant and equipment, he needs their brains. And I hope the American companies refuse to give in to him.
I offered more critiques of state-run companies here and here. My more complete post on this topic his called wealth creation and the zero-sum fallacy.
One of the destructive myths perpetrated by the socialists, is the idea that there is a certain type of property (i.e., capital) that is capable of creating property. Some socialists will tell you, for instance, that they don't want to abolish private property - your case of beer, eggs, televisions, etc., - they only want to abolish privately held capital, which "produces" other property.
The disconnect here is quite simple - say we look at a television manufacturer, and we see that his labor expenses are only a fraction of his gross revenue. Marx says that this is evidence that the labor is being exploited, because labor only receives a fraction of the sales revenue. And what stumps most people is that this statement is *mostly* true: present laborers only receive a fraction of the sales revenue.
Who nets the rest of it? Past labor, which was utilized to construct those capital assets, source the raw materials, harvest the fruits, design the factory, the machinists, etc.
"And I hope the American companies refuse to give in to him."
Would you "refuse to give in"? I assume BP and Exxon will still make a profit (or reduce their loss) if they stay. I don't think it is in their interest to boycot Chavez. "Boycotting" Fidel did no good, and you often said that we should open the borders to Cuba (http://www.coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/2006/05/so_why_not_cuba.html), and I agree.
A few years ago the engineers at The Boeing Company walked out on strike -- for the first (and, I suspect, last) time ever. Someone put a slogan on some of the pickett signs that is at the heart of your post: "No nerds = no birds".
The point being that although engineering was on the order of 5% of the company's cost in building airplanes, it was responsible for 100% of the company's revenue: all the mechanics and machinists in the world cannot build a single airplane without an engineer somewhere to tell them how to do it.


True Health New Mexico is committed to providing the highest quality of care to its members, and driving improvements in quality more broadly in the community. The vision of True Health New Mexico is to bring a life-improving revolution in health to New Mexicans through partnerships with our members, providers, and communities.
True Health New Mexico is a for-profit, wholly owned subsidiary of Evolent Health, Inc. True Health New Mexico formed out of an expanded partnership between New Mexico Health Connections and Evolent Health in 2017. True Health New Mexico has assumed New Mexico Health Connections' small-group and large-group lines of business, while New Mexico Health Connections will continue to focus on health coverage for individuals. True Health New Mexico became incorporated in late 2017, and its health plans became effective on January 1, 2018.
True Health New Mexico drives implementation of integrated care and payment models, producing improved health outcomes while "bending the cost curve," if not actually lowering aggregate costs. True Health New Mexico understands the importance of building programs that will influence our members' health behaviors, resulting in positive, sustainable health outcomes. In partnership with our members, provider network, and communities, we seek to ensure a clinically integrated approach to improving health care quality and access to care statewide.
This handbook is an important part of your Contractual Agreement with True Health New Mexico and is intended to provide True Health New Mexico network practitioners, their staff, and the larger health care delivery system the information, tools, and guidance needed to facilitate care and services for True Health New Mexico members.


From left ,Murlique Arendse receiving an award for perseverance, Seth Cozyn for diligence, Aarifah Enys for best progress in literacy, Seth Goodbury for mathematics. Keesha Francis for Literacy, Caleb Leonards was awarded as best improved pupil and Mekhi Carlson for best progress in Mathematics all in Grade 2.
The Westville Primary School hall was filled with the applause of parents, guardians and grandparents who attended the awards evening on Tuesday, November 28. They could not control their emotions and joy of seeing their little ones receiving their respective awards.
Uthmaan Hoosain in Grade 1 received the principals award from principal Cheryl Baker while Richard Momberg, head of department, looks on.
Below: The pupils received awards for the following, from left, Sachain Remedies awarded for Diligence, Eliah Phillips for Perseverance, Madenieyah Rossier for best improved, Amaan Wilson for Mathematics, Mia Abrahams for best progress in Literacy and Shelby Takka for Literacy.
Above: Grade 3 pupils, from left, Cassidy Coetzee ,Abdul Khaaliq Carelse, Huthayfah Salaam and Sienna Takka stand proudly with their academic achievers certificates and medals.


Before getting into details on the security features and architecture of Bluetooth, it's important to revisit and discuss some of the key characteristics of the technology and its intended user base. Bluetooth is designed to provide cable-free operation and interaction among a variety of devices, many of which tend to be consumer electronic devices. Because of the variety of devices in use and the situations for which Bluetooth is intended, no assumptions can be made about either the Bluetooth device or the technical sophistication of the device's user. Bluetooth must be usable by novice consumers and on devices with limited or no visual display or input capabilities (headsets, keyboards, and so on). So, a key factor that complicates Bluetooth security is that many usage scenarios involve nontechnical users as well as devices that are incapable of the security mechanisms a developer may wish to use.
It is important that these issues remain at the top of mind as mobile application developers plan the design of their applications, as well as whether and how these applications will leverage or rely on Bluetooth security.
Pairing, the process whereby two Bluetooth devices establish a link and agree to communicate, is critical to the overall security architecture of Bluetooth and is tightly integrated with other Bluetooth security features. During the pairing process, the communicating devices agree on and generate keys that are used to identify and reference relationships with other devices. In addition to being used for these identification purposes, these keys are also used to generate additional keys used for both device authentication and communication encryption.
In versions prior to Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR (released in July 2007), pairing between devices is accomplished through the entry of a PIN or passkey with a maximum length of 128 bits. There are two types of such passkeys: variable passkeys, which can be chosen at the time of pairing via some input mechanism, and fixed passkeys, which are predetermined (Bluetooth Security, p. 29). The type of passkey used is typically determined by a device's input and display capabilities (for example, a Bluetooth-enabled phone with keyboard input and visual display may use a variable passkey, whereas a Bluetooth-enabled mouse may use a fixed passkey because it has neither input nor display capabilities to enter or verify a passkey).
In Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR, a new method of pairing called Secure Simple Pairing was introduced. The older method of pairing is supported when connecting to legacy devices, but the use of Secure Simple Pairing is mandated for communications between Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR devices.
From a user's perspective, Secure Simple Pairing is meant to provide additional flexibility and ease of use when pairing compatible devices that have far-ranging display and input capabilities. However, from a security perspective, Secure Simple Pairing also improves security through the introduction of Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) for key exchange and link key generation.
For more information on Secure Simple Pairing, see the "Bluetooth Simple Pairing Whitepaper" at the Bluetooth website.
Numeric Comparison This association model is designed for situations where both communicating devices can display a six-digit number and have inputs that allow the user to enter "yes" or "no." A six-digit number from 000000 to 999999 is shown on both displays, and the user is prompted to respond whether the numbers are the same on both devices. If "yes" is entered on both devices, then the devices are paired successfully. Note that a primary difference between Numeric Comparison and the PIN model used in legacy pairing is the displayed number. In Numeric Comparison, this value is not used as an input to further key generation, so an attacker who can observe the displayed number cannot use it to calculate other keys. With the legacy PIN model, the PIN entered does factor into the generation of encryption keys, which makes PIN disclosure a real risk to the security of the communications.
Just Works This association model is intended for scenarios involving at least one device without the ability to display a six-digit number or to enter numbers. This mode uses the same key agreement protocol as Numeric Comparison (with protections against passive eavesdropping), but the actual method whereby the user accepts the Bluetooth connection is determined by the product manufacturer. This association model does not provide protection against man-in-the-middle attacks.
Out of Band This association model is intended for scenarios involving an out-of-band (OOB) mechanism (that is, non-Bluetooth) that is used to both discover the Bluetooth devices and exchange information during the pairing process. The actual OOB mechanism will vary, but a commonly specified use case involving a Near Field Communication (NFC) OOB mechanism is device "tapping." This use case involves physically touching two devices together.
Subsequent to the devices being tapped together, the user is asked to confirm whether the pairing request initiated by the tapping should be accepted. To provide security for the pairing process, the OOB mechanism used should provide privacy protections, including resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks.
Passkey Entry This association model is intended primarily for situations involving one device with input capabilities but no display capabilities while the other device has display capabilities. The device with a display presents a six-digit number from 000000 to 999999 on the display. The user then enters this number on the device with the input capability. If the values match, then the devices are paired successfully.
Developers and implementers are accustomed to having access to certain basic security services in the technologies they employ. Such basic security services include authentication, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality, among others. The availability of these services, the soundness of their implementations, and the extent to which the developer or implementer can customize these services for their unique requirements all help reveal the security capabilities of a given technology.
Authentication The ability to identify devices before and during connection and communication is provided by Bluetooth.
Authorization The ability to provide selected access to resources based on permissions is provided by Bluetooth.
Confidentiality The ability to protect communications during transmission over the network is provided by Bluetooth.
Noticeably absent are integrity protections and nonrepudiation services. In addition, native Bluetooth security services are provided at the device-to-device level; for instance, Bluetooth's authentication service only authenticates a Bluetooth device. There is no provision for user-level authentication. Of course, this does not mean that user authentication services cannot be provided over a Bluetooth connection; instead, the developer must implement this service by other means at a different level in the communication stack. These limitations are important to consider as mobile developers architect their applications and consider which security options to employ.
Bluetooth authentication is the process whereby one device verifies the identity of another device. Bluetooth authentication is a one-way process, meaning that during any given authentication procedure, only one device's identity is verified. In use cases requiring mutual authentication, this one-way process is simply repeated with the two devices' roles reversed.
Bluetooth authentication involves the claimant device, which is the device that will have its identify verified by the authentication process, and the verifier device, which is the device that will verify the claimant's identity. To perform this verification, a traditional challenge-response mechanism is used. The verifier sends a random number (the "challenge") to the claimant. Upon receipt, the claimant generates a response to this challenge and returns the response to the verifier. This response is generated based on a function involving the random number, the claimant's Bluetooth device address, and a secret key that was generated during device pairing (see page 240 of Core Specification v2.1 + EDR on the Bluetooth website).
The Bluetooth authentication mechanism has a simple protection to prevent repeated attacks in a limited timeframe. When an authentication attempt fails, the verifier will delay its next attempt to authenticate the claimant. This delay interval will be increased exponentially for each subsequent failed attempt (see page 880 of Core Specification v2.1 + EDR on the Bluetooth website).
Authorization in Bluetooth allows for decision making about resource access and connection configuration (that is, authentication and encryption requirements) to be made based on the permissions granted a given Bluetooth device or service. Two of the primary means of implementing authorization in Bluetooth are device trust levels and service security levels.
Bluetooth devices can have one of two trust levels in relation to other Bluetooth devices: trusted or untrusted (refer to the "Wireless Security" page at the Bluetooth website).
Trusted devices have previously been paired with the device, and will have full access to services on the Bluetooth device.
Untrusted devices have not previously been paired with the device (or the relationship has been otherwise removed), and will have restricted access to services.
Service Level 1 These services require device authentication and authorization. Trusted devices will be granted automatic access to these services. Manual authentication and authorization will be required before untrusted devices are granted access to these services.
Service Level 2 These services require authentication, but do not require authorization.
Service Level 3 These services have no security and are open to all devices.
Although Bluetooth's notions of device trust and service security levels are quite simple, the architecture of Bluetooth does provide for the implementation of more complex security and authorization policies.
Confidentiality is important for private communications over wireless links because the nature of wireless networking leaves the communication between nodes subject to eavesdropping by unauthorized parties. Confidentiality of network communications in Bluetooth is provided through the use of encryption, with the use of encryption being optional and determined by the selection of one of three encryption modes during communication.
Encryption Mode 1 No encryption. All traffic is unencrypted when Encryption Mode 1 is used.
Encryption Mode 2 Traffic between individual endpoints (non-broadcast) is encrypted with individual link keys. Broadcast traffic is unencrypted.
Encryption Mode 3 Both broadcast and point-to-point traffic is encrypted with the same encryption key (the master link key). In this mode, all traffic is readable by all nodes in the piconet (and remains encrypted to outside observers). Note that the notion of privacy in Encryption Mode 3 is predicated on the idea that all nodes in the piconet are trusted because all nodes will have access to the encrypted data.
Of importance to note is that when encryption is used in Bluetooth, not all parts of the Bluetooth packet are encrypted. Because all members of a piconet must be able to determine whether the packet is meant for them, the header of the message must be unencrypted. And, a part of the packet called the access code must be available to all devices to allow the radio signal to be acquired properly (Bluetooth Security, p. 34).
Security Mode 1 In Security Mode 1, no security procedures are used. There is no encryption or authentication, and devices in this mode will not use any controls to prevent other devices from establishing connections.
Security Mode 2 In Security Mode 2, security is implemented after the Bluetooth link is established. In this mode, security is enforced at the service level, so it is left to the Bluetooth application or service to request security. This flexibility allows for granular and specific security policies to be implemented that apply security selectively based on the services and applications requested. This, of course, also opens the door for flaws in the implementation of these security policies that could leave the device and data at risk.
Security Mode 3 In Security Mode 3, security is implemented when the Bluetooth link is established. This is an "always-on" policy that provides security for all uses and reduces the risks associated with faulty security policies and implementations. However, this will also increase inconvenience and decrease flexibility because devices will be unable to connect without authentication (Bluetooth Security, p. 39).
Frequency hopping The frequency-hopping scheme that Bluetooth uses does not provide any protection against eavesdropping. There is no secret used to create the sequence of channels, and only 79 channels are used. Thus, using a series of receivers to monitor all channels would make an offline attack possible (Bluetooth Security, p. 31).
Device proximity The limited range of Bluetooth radios (up to approximately 330 feet with Class 1 radios) cannot be reliably used as a security feature. The supposed protection provided by limited signal strength can and has been defeated by attackers' high gain antennas.


Don't really know where to start. If you haven't heard of these guys, I guess you've missed the whole 2011 stoner/doom scene. In 2011 Elder really shook the scene with it's mind-blowing release of mesmerizing psychedelia doom. Think of Samsara Blues Experiment going less wall-of-sound and more structured. But that's still a whole different thing, still nothing like that!
What started out in 2005 as a bunch of kids, who then in 2008 released a first full-length of questionable value; It sounded straightforward, not too bad of an, but absolutely forgettable record; well... It ended up here, with Dead Roots Stirring. And is still going. Dead Roots Stirring definitely gone in my top 5 albums of 2011. There are it's flaws, or filler tracks I guess, but you completely don't mind that as long as you hear the first 3 tracks off the album. Breathtaking passages, brilliant vox and beautiful mood. Riffs are amazing and unforgettable and I still catch myself playing them out in my head from time to time.
Their latest unnamed EP, "Spires Burn/Release", is really reaching the same way and I really hope that guys will progress their sound even further with the next release. Which, by the way, is in works and according to them slowly but fruitfully reaching towards it's end. New songs may soon be shared.
In the mean while, go and listen, children of doom! Go and listen!


text:
Q: Adding validation using mediatR pipeline behaviour As part of pipeline behavior, tried to set validation while creating customer
    public class ValidationBehavoir<TRequest, TResponse> : IPipelineBehavior<TRequest, TRequest>
        where TRequest : IRequest<TResponse>
    {

        private readonly IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> _validators;

        public ValidationBehavoir(IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> validators)
        {
            _validators = validators;
        }
        public async Task<TRequest> Handle(TRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken, RequestHandlerDelegate<TRequest> next)
        {

            var context = new ValidationContext(request);
            var failures = _validators.Select(x => x.Validate(context)).SelectMany(x => x.Errors).ToList();

            if(failures.Any())
            {
                throw new ValidationException(failures);
            }

            return await next();
        }
    }

Here are the services added while setting DI
            services.AddMediatR(typeof(Program));
            services.AddTransient(typeof(IPipelineBehavior<,>), typeof(ValidationBehavoir<,>));
            services.AddMediatR(typeof(CreateCustomerCommand).GetTypeInfo().Assembly);
            services.AddMediatR(typeof(GetCustomersQuery).GetTypeInfo().Assembly);

But still, getting below error?
System.ArgumentException: Implementation type 'CustomerApis.PipelineBehaviors.ValidationBehavoir`2[Customers.Service.Command.CreateCustomerCommand,Customers.Domain.Entities.Customer]' can't be converted to service type 'MediatR.IPipelineBehavior`2[Customers.Service.Command.CreateCustomerCommand,Customers.Domain.Entities.Customer]'
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.ConstructorCallSite..ctor(ResultCache cache, Type serviceType, ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, ServiceCallSite[] parameterCallSites)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateConstructorCallSite(ResultCache lifetime, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateOpenGeneric(ServiceDescriptor descriptor, Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain, Int32 slot)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.TryCreateEnumerable(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.CreateCallSite(Type serviceType, CallSiteChain callSiteChain)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteFactory.<>c__DisplayClass7_0.<GetCallSite>b__0(Type type)
   at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)

Can someone please help me here?

A: There may be some information missing from your side (the specific validators for each entity for example) However, I would move the services.AddTransient line below the others or I would try this instead of the lines you have:
services.AddValidatorsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
services.AddMediatR(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
services.AddTransient(typeof(IPipelineBehavior<,>), typeof(ValidationBehavoir<,>));

A: public class ValidationBehavoir : IPipelineBehavior
            where TRequest : IRequest
    {
    private readonly IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> _validators;

    public ValidationBehavoir(IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> validators)
    {
        _validators = validators;
    }

    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(TRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken, RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next)
    {
        var context = new ValidationContext(request);
        var failures = _validators.Select(x => x.Validate(context)).SelectMany(x => x.Errors).ToList();

        if (failures.Any())
        {
            throw new ValidationException(failures);
        }

        return await next();
    }
}

to
public class ValidationBehavoir : IPipelineBehavior
            where TRequest : IRequest
    {
    private readonly IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> _validators;

    public ValidationBehavoir(IEnumerable<IValidator<TRequest>> validators)
    {
        _validators = validators;
    }

    public async Task<TResponse> Handle(TRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken, RequestHandlerDelegate<TResponse> next)
    {
        var context = new ValidationContext(request);
        var failures = _validators.Select(x => x.Validate(context)).SelectMany(x => x.Errors).ToList();

        if (failures.Any())
        {
            throw new ValidationException(failures);
        }

        return await next();
    }
}

A: This solution works for me.
services.AddValidatorsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), ServiceLifetime.Transient);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
One Play More
All things theatre, all in yorkshire
Learn more about Be My Baby
by sophiejoelle
Posted on May 1, 2019 April 5, 2019
The final production in Leeds Playhouse's Pop-Up season is hitting the stage in May.
The women of the Ensemble Company perform together alongside new cast members (including Mind the Gap's Anna Gray) in Amanda Whittington's Be My Baby.
The show is set in a maternity home for young, unmarried women who have 'made one mistake'. 19-year old Mary is seven months pregnant when her mother delivers her into the charge of St Saviours. As Mary, Dolores, Queenie and Norma bond, they begin to understand what it means to give their children to the Welfare Service and Mary realises she must fight to take her baby home.
Director Jacqui Honess-Martin says: "Be My Baby is a brilliant play and one of few all-female scripts with a strong narrative for young women. It was written in the 90s about the 60s and yet is still highly relevant today; it's only 60 years since women were given access to the legal rights that curbed the practices shown in the play, but one only has to look at current politics in Ireland and the US to see how fragile those rights are, and that this production isn't simply a piece of history."
"There are two groups of women in the UK for whom the issues of this play are still shockingly relevant; refugees and asylum seekers have appallingly high maternal and infant mortality rates as there are barriers to them accessing even basic maternal care in the UK and learning-disabled mothers – over 90% of who will have their baby taken into care.
"I'm proud to work in a theatre of sanctuary – a theatre committed to being a place of safety for refugees and asylum seekers – and working with Anna Gray to bring the experience of learning disabled women into our rehearsal room and to audiences."
Leeds Playhouse Artistic Director James Brining said: "We have brought together a fantastic team of creatives to tell this important story. Directed by Jacqui Honess-Martin, whose wonderful production of Blackthorn featured in our Pop-Up season last year, I'm also thrilled to welcome Anna Gray from Mind the Gap – an innovative West Yorkshire company who have done a huge amount to provide opportunities for performers with learning disabilities and to put learning disabled peoples' experiences centre stage.
Whilst there are nods to the 1960s by use of key props and snippets of song, Jacqui and the creative team have shaped a piece that comes without an era thus opting for an unsentimental approach. The set is stark, the costumes unspecific in fashion, and the piece is fully captioned – yet again a diverse and accessible piece of theatre produced by this fantastic Playhouse.
Be My Baby plays in Leeds Playhouse's Pop-Up theatre, in association with SOYO Leeds, from 11th May – 1st June. Get your tickets here.
Photography credited to Anthony Robling
Posted in Theatre, What's Coming UpTagged Be My Baby, Leeds, Leeds Playhouse
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Padre's Cycle Inn offers tent services on a number of cycle tours across the nation (including Biking Across Kansas). The service includes complete tent set up and tear down. Your room will be waiting for you at the end of your ride day. All high quality tents, and the best, thick, air mattresses available.
In addition to the tent service, Padre's also offers chair service, which provides you a comfortable camp chair, towel service, which provides fresh, clean towels and wash cloths each day, and luggage service, so you never have to spend time looking through hundreds of bags to find yours. Padre transports all of patrons bags on their own trucks so they will be waiting when you arrive from the ride.
Padre's Cycle Inn offers a peaceful place of comfort and hospitality services, where you can really relax at the end of a day of cycling.


text:
[monday, november 13, 2006]
AMC Continues to Develop Bold Original Programming with Vince Gilligans Breaking Bad
In the tradition of generations of films that chronicle the anti-hero, the pilot, written by Gilligan, follows the story of a desperate man with nothing to lose and what he is willing to do for his familys survival.
It's a Potter-Packed Weekend as ABC Family Presents Two Nights of Harry Potter Double Features
The double feature weekend will also include exclusive behind-the-scenes interviews with the cast and a sneak peek at the upcoming feature "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," which doesn't reach theatres until summer 2007.
Heartfelt Holiday Wishes Are Granted as ABC Family Celebrates the Season with 'Dear Santa' on November 28
The special features appreances by Matt Dallas, Sarah Chalke, Tony Hawk, Brian McKnight, Raven-Symoné, Wilmer Valderama and Kristen Bell.
The 42nd Annual Academy of Country Music Awards, Country Music's Party of the Year, Will Be Broadcast Tuesday, May 15 on the CBS Television Network
The annual awards ceremony will be broadcast live from the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas.
Showtime to Televise Mixed Martial Arts Events
The first event will air live on February 10, 2007, with additional events airing on the premium television network through 2009.
Gary Gulman Rules the Stage in the World Premiere of "Gary Gulman: A Boyish Man" Debuting on Comedy Central(R) Saturday, November 25 at 10:00 P.M.
"Last Comic Standing" and "Dane Cook's Tourgasm" alum gets his own stand-up special.
Warner Home Video to Release Brand New ''Bablyon 5'' Made for Video in 2007
Bruce Boxleitner, Tracy Scoggins and Peter Woodward are among the actors from the original series that have signed on to participate in "Babylon 5: The Lost Tales."
NBC Goes the Whole Nine Yards in Giving Critically Hailed 'Friday Night Lights' a Full-Season Order of Episodes for 2006-07
The series has delivered 18-49 increases from its first half-hour to its second with each of its first five Tuesday telecasts.
Fast Facts for Sunday, November 12, 2006 (Based on Fast Affiliate Ratings)
What About Brian Picked Up for a Full Season Order
The series ranks second in its time period across each of the key women demographics, holding solid advantages over NBC's "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip."
NBC Sunday Night Football Bears-Giants Tackles Sunday Night
NBC spins the numbers for Sunday, November 12.
TBS Honors America's Fighting Forces with Comedy and Music Extravaganza the Comedy Festival Presents: A Salute to the Troops and Uso Hosted by Jay Mohr
Kid Rock, D.L. Hughley, Frank Caliendo, Louis C.K. and Carmen Electra are among those scheduled to appear.
Season Finale of "Laguna Beach" Offers Fans Comprehensive Experience on Air, Online and in Virtual Laguna Beach
The show's one-hour season finale airs Wednesday, November 15 at 10:00/9:00c.
TNT Gives Fans of the Closer Ultimate Holiday Package, Including All-New Two-Hour Special Event Airing DeC. 4, Thanksgiving Day Marathon of Season 1 and Re-Broadcast of Season 2
The cable channel will marathon the show's first season on Thanksgiving Day while weekly encores of the show's sophomore run will begin airing Tuesdays at 10:00/9:00c starting December 5.
The Second Season of Bravo's Hit Docu-Soap 'The Real Housewives of Orange County' Debuts Tuesday, January 16 at 10:00 P.M.
Joining the cast of this season is Tammy Knickerbocker, a "natural beauty who previously was among the wealthiest families in the community, but today lives a more modest lifestyle as a divorced mother of three."
USA Network Launches 'The Big Lots! Character Hunt' a Co-Branded On-Air and Online Search for a Chance to Win $10,000
The comprehensive co-branded on-air and online treasure hunt that will give viewers a chance to win a $10,000 grand prize and one of 30 first and second place prizes.
VH1 to Launch Its Own Syndicated Video Player with a New Broadband Comedy Series Featuring Stars from 'Saturday Night Live,' 'Whose Line Is It Anyway,' and 'Drew Carey's Improv All Stars'
The network's VSPOT broadcast channel will launch the new original series "Home Purchasing Club," an edgy, irreverent satire of home shopping channels.
TV Land Unveils Original Programming Slate of Pilots and Series to Air on Network Through 2007
New shows in the works include "Family Foreman," a reality series about the life of former heavyweight boxing champ George Foreman.
A USA Network Original Groundbreaking Unscripted Holiday Movie "The Great American Christmas" Presented by Kmart Premieres Tuesday, November 28 at 9pm/8 Central
The cable channel touts the upcoming holiday event, which is narrated by "Deal or No Deal" host Howie Mandel.
America's Most Wanted Asks Viewers for Help in Profiling Unknown Assailant Saturday, November 18, on Fox
This week's installment will turn viewers into criminal profilers in a unique crime-fighting experiment.
Development Update: November 6-10 (Weekly Round-Up)
FOX Puts 'Justice' on the Bench
Repeats of "House" will take over the show's Monday, 9:00/8:00c slot effective immediately.
Quick Take for Thursday, November 9, 2006 (Based on Fast Affiliate Ratings)
USA Network's "Nashville Star," Presented by Sonic, Teams Up with Warner Music Group to Find Country Music's Next Superstar
At the show's finale, Nashville's newest country superstar will be signed to Warner Bros. Nashville label.
CBS's Very Merry Yuletide Programming
Among its plans: special holiday-themed episoes of "How I Met Your Mother" and "Two and a Half Men" on Monday, December 11.
3 LbS. Sneak Peak Now Available on CBS's Innertube and Yahoo
The network also plans to have every episode of the series available for free on Innertube for four weeks following the initial broadcast.
Anchal Eliminated from "America's Next Top Model" on the CW
Talkbackthames to Produce Two New Stephen Poliakoff Films for Bbc/HBO Films
Britain's finest television, film and stage actors star alongside talented newcomers in two new films written and directed by the inimitable, award-winning auteur, Stephen Poliakoff.
NBC Gives Full Season Order to Critically Acclaimed New Drama 'Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip' for 2006-07
After rumors of both life and death, the Peacock confirms the freshman drama has received a full season order.
NBC Universal's New Comedy Broadband Channel 'Dotcomedy' Enters Laughing with Four Original Web Series, Multiple Shorts and Classic Comedies
New broadband channel will feature original content as well as clips from NBC's legendary late-night shows and sitcoms from the NBC Universal television library.
Samuel L. Jackson Back to Host Spike TV's 2006 Video Game Awards the Year's Biggest Celebration for Gamers
The fourth annual award show premieres Wednesday, December 13 at 10:00/9:00c on the cable channel.
Production Begins on Sci Fi Channel's New Original Series 'The Dresden Files' Slated for January '07 Premiere
Terrence Mann also joins the cast of the series, which includes Paul Blackthorne, Valerie Cruz and Conrad Coats.
Quick Take for Wednesday, November 8, 2006 (Based on Fast Affiliate Ratings)
ABC spins the numbers for Wednesday, November 8.
Seven FriendS. Seven DreamS. One Relentless GoaL. Meet the Next Generation of Hollywood Players as MTV Introduces, "Twentyfourseven" Beginning December 6th at 10:30 PM ET/PT
Fans can download the premiere episode on iTunes for free that same night.
America's Next Top Model Ranks Second in Adults 18-34, Women 18-34 and Women 18-49
The CW spins the numbers for Wednesday, November 8.
Spike Taps Rhi Entertainment to Produce First Ever Slate of Movies
12 action-adventure themed films will debut on the cable channel starting in October 2007.
The N Announces the Commencement of Production on a New Original Drama the Best Years (Working Title) Produced by Blueprint Entertainment in Association with Canwest Mediaworks
The Best Years follows orphaned and full-ride scholar, Samantha Best (Charity Shea) as she starts her freshman year at the prestigious Charles University in Massachusetts.
Interview: "Help Me Help You" Co-Executive Producer Rodney Rothman
CBS Will Stream Original Episodes of Warner BroS. Television's Drama Series "Smith" on CBS's Broadband Channel, Innertube, Starting Today
Additionally, the series will be available on On AOL, Amazon and iTunes while a written synopsis of how the show was to be resolved will be posted on CBS.com.
Criminal Minds Beats the Highly Promoted Fall Finale of "Lost" in Viewers -- the Second Straight Week CBS's Sophomore Drama Has Topped the ABC Series
CBS spins the numbers for Wednesday, November 8.
Emmy Award Nominees Jean Smart and Gregory Itzin Return for Another Day on "24"
The Emmy-nominated couple will return for the show's sixth season.
Round Up the Guys and Spend Saturday Night Bonding Over Back-To-Back Adam Sandler Movies!
"Big Daddy" and "The Wedding Singer" to both air on Saturday, November 25 at 8:00/7:00c on the cable channel.
ABC's "Men in Trees" Moves to a New Night and Time Beginning Thursday, November 30, and Is Picked Up for a Full Season Order
Series replaces "Six Degrees," which will head to hiatus until January.
NBC Universal Domestic Television Distribution Has Sold "Law & Order: Criminal Intent" to Stations from Top Broadcast Groups
Several Sinclair, Hearst, Belo stations are among the latest to sign onto the show's off-network run, due in the fall of 2007.
ABC News Outperforms NBC News on Election Night by 2.67 Million Total Viewers
ABC spins the numbers for Tuesday, November 7.
Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve Celebrates Its 35th Year on Sunday,
The annual special returns for the 35th consecutive year on the network.
Presenters Announced for the "2006 American Music Awards," Airing Live November 21 on Abc
Nicole Richie, Taye Diggs, Tori Spelling, Paris Hilton, Ashlee Simpson, Gavin Rossdale, Nickelback, Katharine McPhee, Vanessa Williams, Tommy Lee, Chingy, Mario Lopez, Carmen Electra, Dave Grohl, Ryan Seacrest, Tony Hawk and William Shatner are among the those presenting.
What If You Kept Reliving the Most Unbelievable Day of Your Life?
ABC affiliates, ESPN and SOAPnet will all simultaneously air a thirty-second "Day Break" promo at 6:17 AM during a two-day window on November 14 and/or 15.
VH1's Big List of Big Talent for 'Big in '06'
"Studio 60's" D.L. Hughley will host the annual year-end celebration for the third time.
Lifetime Rings in the Holidays with the Romantic Comedy 'A Christmas Wedding' a Lifetime Original Movie Starring Eric Mabius ('Ugly Betty') Sarah Paulson ('Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip') and Dean Cain ('Las Vegas')
The two-hour movie premieres Monday, December 11 at 9:00/8:00c on the cable channel.


Ethical compliance is at the very heart of Axium Scientific's core values. The name Axium is derived from the Greek axíōma, meaning truth, honesty and accuracy.
Axium Scientific will conduct business honestly and ethically without exception. We will constantly strive to improve the quality of our service and will establish a reputation for impartiality, precision, respect, responsibility, integrity, trust and sound business judgment.
No illegal or unethical conduct on the part of Axium's directors, employees or affiliates is in the company's best interest. Axium will not compromise its principles for short-term advantage. The ethical performance of this company is the sum of the ethics of the men and women who contribute to the service provision. Thus, all are expected to adhere to high standards of personal integrity.
Data security and traceability is imperative therefore Axium Scientific has an open-door policy for clients to audit their data. Most importantly, the results reported will never be influenced by any external pressure other than chemistry.
Directors and employees will obey all Equal Employment Opportunity laws and act with respect and responsibility towards others in all of their dealings. Axium Scientific provides a safe working environment, free of discrimination and harassment whilst maintaining compliance with all State, County and City environmental regulations.


text:
A dream turned reality: Shanghai E.A.
Shanghai E.A. (photo: Equus Arabians)
An Open Day at Equus Arabians stud near Barcelona in 2008. When guests depart after the presentations, only a handful of closest friends remain. During a close circle supper the stud's owner, the Barcelona lawyer Albert Sorroca, announces a surprise – next morning he will show a new stallion, which has not yet been publicly exhibited. There is no end to the speculations: is it an import from across the pond? What dam line does he represent? Why is his arrival a secret? In the morning the friends of the house grow more and more impatient. They want to already see this mysterious stallion. In the meantime a mare appears before their eyes –
Salymah E.A. (photo: Equus Arabians)
the beautiful, milky-white, exotic Salymah E.A. by Khidar. The guests become aware of the importance of this moment only when an unbelievingly beautiful two month old foal emerges from behind the mare – SHANGHAI E.A. The colt embodies the dreams of every breeder: correctly built, full of type, with an extremely exotic head and a black, large eye. He circles with interest round his dam, bouncing off the ground like a ball on his long legs and a flagged tail.
It was already then that the first breeders lined up to secure breedings to him. And already then the news spread that a new star was born at Equus Arabians.
Shanghai E.A. as a yearling colt (photo: Equus Arabians)
"I received the first offers when Shanghai E.A. was just a couple months old", says Albert Sorroca. "With time they became higher and more tempting. However to me Shanghai E.A. is my life project. We all want our ideas and passions to become reality and we devote a lot of energy to make that happen. I carried an image of an ideal Arabian horse in my head. Anyone who shares this passion, strives to breed horses as close to his dream ideal as possible. It is rarely accomplished, but when it does happen, then the satisfaction cannot be compared to anything else. Shanghai E.A. is a dream turned reality."
Shanghai E.A., by Gregor Aymar
The breeder knew that a true pearl was born from the very beginning.
"When I saw the foal out of Salymah E.A., I had no doubt that it marked the beginning of a new era. At my stud I have his dam, who is of my breeding, his grandam Libanon Azadika by Om El Azadik and I also had his great-grandam, Warandes Shaklana by El Shaklan and his great-great-grandam. When you have the opportunity to observe four generations you know how the foals from this line develop. And a thorough knowledge of the evolution of dam lines allows you to know that something remarkable was born in your stud in just one moment. To me it was evident that this very light-colored, very much resembling Bambi foal will not worsen."
How does one breed such a marvel? "Of course, luck had something to do with it, but I wouldn't call Shanghai's birth a chance occurrence. A vision, determination, work and commitment are decisive", says Sorroca who, although a lawyer in his professional life, was interested in genetics almost from childhood. This passion resulted in twenty of his years being devoted to bird breeding. He experimented, trying various matings. He traveled the world, observing the achievements of other breeders. He claimed the title of World Champion with his specimens three times. And then he decided that he had achieved all that there was to achieve in this area and that the time had come to try something different. "I have inherited as interest in nature, especially horses, from my father and grandfather. Three generations of my family served in the army, in the Numancia 9 cavalry regiment. My father was a champion rider in show jumping. When I decided to open my own stud I first traveled a lot in order to find inspiration. The foundations of Equus Arabians became Polish mares or mares with Polish pedigrees. I think that their best qualities are a correct conformation and athletic abilities."
Shanghai E.A. as a 2 year old colt (photo: Equus Arabians)
"I searched for a suitable stallion for mares with Polish blood", explains the breeder. "To me Khidar (Ansata Sinan – Elizja/Esta-Ghalil) seemed like such a stallion, as in his pedigree we find numerous Polish accents. The result of these matings turned out fabulous. I obtained seven daughters of Khidar descending from Polish damlines, which became the basis of the Equus Arabians breeding program. Then a chance appeared to take over Khidar's maternal stud, thanks to which I expanded the breeding program with his daughters from other lines, as well as sisters and further "cousins". I really wanted a dosage of El Shaklan blood and Khidar gave me such a possibility through El Shaklan's dam Estopa, who appears in Khidar's pedigree twice. In turn WH Justice's dam is the granddaugher of El Shaklan, so Shanghai E.A. has even more of that blood."
"I decided to try mating the charismatic WH Justice with the most correct mares in my herd", he continues. "Salymah E.A. seemed like a perfect candidate – tall, with a perfect body and topline and excellent legs – having inherited her superb conformation from Khidar."
Shanghai E.A., All Nations Cup Junior Champion Colt, Aachen 2011, by Elisa Grassi)
Albert Sorroca planned the show career of Shanghai as thoroughly as his pedigree. In the first year the foal was trained and shown by the Equus Arabians manager, Bertrand Valette. The horse debuted as a yearling at the C-ranked show in Albi (France), at once gaining the junior stallion championship. Already then it was evident that he's a true show horse who feels at home on the show arena, loves to draw attention and that performing is his passion! The next trophies were collected still that very same year in Bordeaux during the Arabian Masters show. In Menton (A-ranked) he placed second in class (behind the stallion LA Karat), but was honored with the prestigious public's award of "VIP Coup de Coeur". The next stop on his way to stardom was Hasselt (Belgium) and the title of Elran Cup (A-ranked) Junior Champion Stallion. Later Aachen (second in class, behind Kahil Al Shaqab), Verona (four "20s" for type and head & neck) and a Junior Stallions Silver Medal in the European Championships and Paris – where Shanghai ended the show season with the titles of "Espoir" (Hope) and Best Head of the Show.
Shanghai E.A., European Junior Champion Colt, Verona 2011. By Gudrun Waiditschka
He received the trophy for Best Head in the next season also, which he began with a performance at the Al Khalediah Festival in Saudi Arabia. However 2010 for the young star was not a year of shows, but a first exam at the role of chief sire. He was bred to a large number of mares as for a two year old. This year more than 30 foals were born by Shanghai, out of which two third are fillies. Next year some 60 foals are expected by him. He triumphantly returned to the show arena in 2011.
"The cards in the three year old colts' class were dealt out in the very beginning, because no horse could threaten the Spanish (from Equus Arabians) Shanghai E.A., who at full speed burst onto the arena to the beats of «Macarena»", we wrote on polskiearaby.pl in our September coverage of the show in Prague. "Very well-known from numerous shows over the past years, he received as many as four «20s» for type and head and neck, which gave him a final score of 92,67. Nobody was surprised that he also received the Gold in the finals, as well as the Gold Cup in the Prague European Cup classification. Beyond all doubt his star will shine very brightly in this season also". This prognosis came true very fast, because as soon as during the recent All Nations Cup in Aachen, where Shanghai's sire WH Justice also enjoyed great successes.
Malaisia E.A. (Shanghai E.A. – Magnolia E.A/Maaximus), photo: Equus Arabians
"However before we got to see the star of this year's All Nations Cup, a sensation was created by one of his sons", Rafał Czarnecki reported on our website. "The three year old Shanghai E.A. won his class with a high score of 93,3 points, besting by 0,4 points one of the main favorites of the show, the bay Kahil Al Shaqab (Marwan Al Shaqab – OFW Mishaahl/Mishaah). The milky-white Shanghai E.A. was the only one out of all the assessed juniors to gain a full set of «20s» for head and neck. (…) In the hands of Frank Spönle he displayed a movement full of expression complete with a raised tail, which undoubtedly resulted in higher notes for type (two «20s» and three «19,5s»). In the championships only Gianmarco Aragno didn't write him down as the gold medalist (…). And so with that the Champion title went to the Spanish stud of Equus Arabians, which bred, promoted and led this colt to the very top all on their own! An exceptional achievement and quite a rarity in Arabian horse breeding. In the majority of cases European breeders sell their promising graduates to Middle Eastern owners, who later go on to win medals at the most prestigious shows".
Excalibur E.A. (Shanghai E.A. – Essence of Marwan E.A/Marwan Al Shaqab), photo: Equus Arabians
Shanghai's victory during the European Championships in Verona was no less spectacular. He first won his class with a score of 466.5 points (including five "20s" for head & neck), which gave him an average of 93.3. In the finals he bested the Belgian son of Michałów's Emocja by Monogramm – the stallion Espressivo by QR Marc (bred by Knocke Arabians).
The climax of the show season will of course be the World Championships in Paris. It doesn't seem probable that any young stallion should threaten Shanghai E.A., though of course nothing is yet determined. But Shanghai's chance for the Triple Crown is huge.
L'Emperatrice E.A. (Shanghai E.A. – Lamira/Laman HVP), photo: Equus Arabians
And how did the extremely young Shanghai E.A. do in his so far one season breeding career?
"I can already say with much certainty that Shanghai E.A. marks his get very strongly with his traits", Sorroca tells polskiearaby.pl. "He passes on a correct conformation, type, an exotic, short head with a wide forehead and a large, black eye. He definitely improves «white» eyes – among thirty of his offspring from the first crop there is not a single foal with whites in his eye. His offspring are tall, sport a very long neck, short body and great movement. In all cases Shanghai E.A. provided breeding progress. None of the foals are worse than their dam and some even present the highest world-class quality. Additionally the stallion passes on his extremely pleasant character. Shanghai E.A., who on the show arena is dynamic and full of energy, acts calm and trusting upon returning to his stable."
California E.A. (Shanghai E.A. – Cyrea E.A/Khidar), photo: Equus Arabians
How does he cross with mares bearing Polish pedigrees?
"Superbly. Some examples of this are California E.A. out of Cyrea by Khidar, Encore RV out of Epifania by Emigrant or TM Zahina out of Zarina E.A. by Khidar."
"Of course it is too early to ascertain such a thing for sure", sums up Sorroca, "but it seems that Shanghai E.A. may contribute to making the next step on the road to improving the Arabian breed.".
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Home > Providers and partners > External evaluation and review > Reconsideration of an EER report
- Guide to external evaluation and review for TEOs
- How NZQA evaluates educational performance in external evaluation and review
- Guidance on external evaluation and review enhancements
- Tertiary Evaluation Indicators
- Evaluation indicators for transitional ITOs
- English language schools quality assurance
- External evaluation and review schedule for 2023
- External evaluation and review reports
- Reconsideration of an EER report
Reconsideration of an EER report
1. What is a reconsideration?
A reconsideration provides an independent check on the validity of one or both of the statements of confidence reached by NZQA in a finalised EER report. It aims to establish if there were process failures, or errors of fact or judgement. The next step is to address the question of whether the process failure and/or error result in the need to change any statement of confidence.
The statements of confidence are the primary object of a reconsideration. Content of sections of the report, and process failures relating to those sections, will be relevant if they can be shown to lead to any of the statements of confidence.
The formal criteria for reconsideration are set out in Rule 9 of the Quality Assurance (including External Evaluation and Review (EER)) Rules 2021 ('EER Rules'), a copy of which is in the Appendix. These guidelines explain and expand upon the process set out in Rule 9.
2. What happens in a reconsideration?
A reconsideration comprises two main stages: an independent review of the statements of confidence (the 'review') based on any process failures or errors fact or judgement, and an assessment carried out by the Deputy Chief Executive Quality Assurance ('DCE QA') on behalf of NZQA of any necessary changes to the EER report as a consequence of the findings in the review.
Review: Where the request for a reconsideration meets the requirements of Rule 9.1 (section 7 below), NZQA appoints an independent reviewer, in the sense of this person having no prior involvement in the process of the EER being considered. This reviewer reaches an independent professional view as to whether there were process failures in finalising the EER report, or errors of fact or judgment made in the finalised report and as to whether they result in any need to change any statement of confidence. The reviewer summarises his or her findings on this question in a draft reconsideration report, which is shared with NZQA and the TEO for comment. After considering any comments received from these two parties, the reviewer will finalise his or her report.
Outcome: The DCE QA considers the finalised reconsideration report to decide what further actions need to be taken in order to complete the EER process, including consideration of any changes that may be needed to the EER report and engaging with the TEO on those changes.
3. What are the grounds for a reconsideration?
Requests for reconsideration must relate to the finalised EER report sent to the TEO by NZQA.
All requests for reconsideration must be based on one or more of the following:
Process failures in finalising the report;
Errors of fact in the finalised report;
Errors of judgement in the finalised report.
4. What are process failures?
In the context of a reconsideration, a process failure must:
Constitute a clear breach of one or more of the EER Rules; and/or
Constitute a clear breach of natural justice or fairness.
If a process failure is found, but is not found to necessitate a change to any of the statements of confidence (whether by itself or in conjunction with any errors of fact or judgement), then NZQA will address this as an opportunity for process improvement.
5. What are errors of fact?
In the context of a reconsideration, an error of fact must:
Be based on reliable evidence which, if it relates to educational performance data, was data made available to the evaluation team at or before the EER report was finalised;
Have been raised with NZQA during the process leading to the final report; and
Be significant enough to require a change to any statement of confidence (whether by itself or in conjunction with any process failure or errors of judgement).
If an error of fact is confirmed, but is not found to have affected the statements of confidence (whether by itself or in conjunction with any process failure or errors of judgement), then this will be corrected in the finalised EER report, and a copy of the revised report sent to the TEO before publication.
6. What are errors of judgment?
In the context of a reconsideration, an error of judgment involves an error of logic or reasoning that can be identified and relates to a statement which expresses NZQA's evaluation of the quality, value, or significance of the TEO's educational performance, or its capability in self-assessment. Where this is the case, the error is either:
Significant enough to require a change in any statement of confidence (whether by itself or in conjunction with any process failure or error of fact); or
Not sufficiently material to affect the statements of confidence (whether by itself or in conjunction with any process failure or errors of fact). This error will be corrected in the finalised EER report but the statements of confidence will not be changed.
A copy of the revised EER report is then sent to the TEO before publication.
7. How does a TEO request a reconsideration?
Any request for reconsideration must be sent directly to the Office of DCE (QA). The request must:
Be in writing, on the official letterhead of the TEO, and signed by the Chief Executive (or equivalent) of the organisation;
Clearly state the process failures, and/or errors of fact or judgment, alleged to have been made in the finalised report;
Be accompanied by sufficient information and evidence to support each allegation, as well as information which shows that the TEO had raised the alleged process failures, and/or errors of fact or judgment with NZQA prior to receiving the finalised report;
Advise NZQA of the name and contact details of a nominated TEO representative whom NZQA should liaise with in regards to the reconsideration; and
Be received by NZQA no later than 10 working days after the finalised report had been sent to the TEO. Any variations to this timeline must be approved in advance by the Manager Evaluation.
The request can be sent by email to: eer@nzqa.govt.nz or by courier to:
Deputy Chief Executive
Quality Assurance Division
125 The Terrace
NZQA will acknowledge receipt of all reconsideration applications within 2 working days.
8. Who carries out the independent review?
Once an application has been acknowledged, NZQA will proceed to confirm to the TEO that the application meets the prerequisites set out in paragraph 7 (a).
Where the application meets those prerequisites NZQA will proceed to engage a reviewer to carry out the reconsideration.
NZQA will ensure that the reviewer:
Is appropriately experienced in the field of education evaluation;
Has not been previously involved in the EER case that is being reconsidered; and
Has no unmanageable conflicts of interest with the TEO seeking a reconsideration.
At the same time, NZQA will also make direct contact with the TEO and attempt to reach agreement on the processes and timing that will be followed in the course of this reconsideration (EER Reconsideration Rules 9.4 and 9.5).
9. What does the independent reviewer produce?
All independent reviews result in a succinct report. The report follows a standard format:
Terms of reference: a policy-level statement of what he or she has been asked to do, and an attestation of their competence to do so;
The grounds of the requested reconsideration;
Case background: account of EER outcome, including current statements of confidence, and description of the process leading to the report's finalisation (if necessary);
The application: summary of the key concerns expressed by the TEO in its reconsideration application; and
Findings: analysis and evaluation opinion made in relation to each of the TEO's concerns. The reviewer's conclusions are limited as to whether, in his or her professional opinion, there have been process failures, and/ or errors of fact or judgement, and whether they result in a need to change any of the statements of confidence.
10. How is the reconsideration process completed?
The independent reviewer's report is submitted in draft to NZQA and the applicant TEO for comment. Both parties are invited to provide a response within a set timeframe. When that comment has been received and considered, the independent reviewer will finalise his or her report. The finalised reconsideration report is sent to the Office of the DCE (QA) and the TEO.
The DCE (QA) may seek clarification of any details or findings made within the finalised report from the independent reviewer to inform the changes needed to the EER report or any other action needed.
The DCE (QA) will proceed (through the Evaluation Business Unit) to make the necessary changes to the EER report, and provide the changed report and an explanation of the changes to the TEO for comment within a set time. Any comment provided by the TEO will be taken into account prior to producing the post-reconsideration final EER report and publishing it on the TEO's provider page on the NZQA website, and this will complete the EER process.
11. How much does a reconsideration cost?
The fee for a reconsideration is based on the number of hours involved by all NZQA personnel in managing, facilitating and carrying out the reconsideration and its associated processes, at the rate of $190 per hour + GST.
Where there is a finding in a reconsideration that there was a process failure in finalising the report or there were errors of fact or judgement, and this has resulted in a change to either or both of the statements of confidence in the finalised report, no fee will be payable for the reconsideration.
Content of Rule 9 of the EER Rules
9. Reconsideration of an EER report
An institution or transitional ITO may request a reconsideration of the statements of confidence reached by NZQA in a finalised report where the institution or transitional ITO:
sends the request in writing on the official letterhead of the institution or transitional ITO and signed by its Chief Executive (or equivalent) and the request is received by NZQA no later than 10 working days after the finalised report has been sent to the institution or transitional ITO;
alleges there have been process failures in finalising the report, or errors of fact or judgement made in the finalised report;
provides sufficient information and evidence to support the allegation, being information that the institution or transitional ITO considers necessary to give a full understanding of the reasoning and circumstances leading to the request; and
provides information which shows that during the process leading to the finalised report the institution or transitional ITO had raised the allegation with NZQA.
Where any request for reconsideration involves educational performance data, the reconsideration will only involve the data that were available to NZQA at the date the EER report was finalised.
Where a request is received that meets the requirements of Rule 9.1, NZQA will appoint an appropriately experienced reviewer who has not been involved in that EER of the institution or transitional ITO to conduct the reconsideration and produce a reconsideration report.
NZQA will attempt to reach agreement with the institution or transitional ITO on the processes and timing towards finalising the reconsideration report.
Where reasonable attempts have been made and agreement is unable to be reached under Rule 9.4, NZQA will itself set the processes and timing towards finalisation of the reconsideration report and notify the institution or transitional ITO.
Subject to Rule 9.7, once the reconsideration report is finalised and if it requires changes to be made to the EER report, the changed EER report will be provided to the institution or transitional ITO prior to publication on the NZQA website.
Where NZQA accepts for good reason that the processes and timing should be varied for the reconsideration report, NZQA may set new processes and timing for that report.