One year on: What exactly did the 2e2 collapse teach us?
Opinion "Sam, I need you in the Heathrow office early tomorrow morning," read the panicked text from my line manager on a Sunday night.
The UK subs of 2e2 Group entered administration a year ago. I had a unique vantage point from where I sat within the crumbling company through the brutal process of administration and seeing the distress of colleagues, panic in customers and dismay in suppliers. All had much to lose.
When 2e2 collapsed, I was director of Project Services and had responsibility for delivering all programmes, projects and managed services transitions within the business. During the process I was involved heavily with the administrators to try to salvage as much as possible for the creditors and was eventually the joint most senior person to be transferred to one of the companies that acquired 2e2's assets.
A year has now passed, the dust has settled and many ex-2e2 colleagues and customers have moved on. I think it's a good time to reflect upon the administration from this unique vantage point and to discuss what lessons could be learned to avoid "being 2e2'd" in the future – or at least make the process less painful. First I'll give some context for the 2e2 collapse then some lessons for employees, customers and suppliers.
From its inception in 2002, 2e2 had a strategy to grow by acquisition, with the acquisitions being funded by a combination of bank debt and Private Equity. The 2e2 board had employed this "buy and build" strategy before with 4Front – they had built a business with a turnover of $250m via acquisitions and then subsequently sold it to NCR. 2e2 took a similar path – it had acquired over 15 companies. Some were bite-size purchases. Some, like the acquisition of Morse for £70m in 2010, were much more substantial.
Fast-forward to late January 2013 and 2e2 employees could see that tough times were ahead. Suppliers were refusing credit but 2e2 had been in challenging circumstances before and always managed to muddle through - usually by acquiring another company, which allowed a restructure of the funding position to obtain further working capital.
However, this was the first time that senior members of the management team were openly stating that banking covenants had been breached and that the bank could take exceptional measures to correct financial performance. We had assumed that this would involve the banks dropping in their own executive management team (they had in late 2012 in fact), by cost cutting or at the most extreme, by selling parts of the company as a going concern – this outcome was unthinkable but was actually mild compared to the action taken.
Come Friday 25 January, 2013, the 2e2 Board were with the banking syndicate to get a £20m lifeline to fund 2e2 while a more permanent financing deal was reached. The panic text from my boss on Sunday evening requesting my presence at a crisis meeting to be held first thing Monday however indicated that something had gone awry at the meeting.
On 28 January, 2013 2e2 entered voluntary administration and the interim UK MD, who had only been in place for a month, and the interim FD – who had been in place for even less time – were let go by the end of the day.
The now well-documented implosion had started: 319 colleagues were made redundant on the spot – no pay for January, no payment of long overdue commission or bonus, no notice period, no redundancy payout... Nothing. A further 627 colleagues left a week later when the administrators claimed that a sale of the complete business was impossible and certain elements of the business, such as the Business Applications and Flexible Resourcing units, couldn't be sold standalone.
107 individuals moved to O2 under TUPE as part of a £4m purchase by the Telefonica giant. These individuals had spent the majority of their time working for O2 Unify, a joint venture between O2 and 2e2.
150 individuals moved to Daisy under TUPE as part of their £2.8m acquisition of the 2e2 Data Centre business.
Logicalis acquired the 2e2 offshore business for £20m – this covered the majority of 2e2 employees in Ireland, Spain, Netherlands and the Channel Islands.
G3 acquired the Diagonal Consulting element of 2e2 for £159k.
It is still somewhat puzzling that the banks and Private Equity firms refused to provide any more funding for 2e2. They had hundreds of millions invested but wouldn't provide another £20m working capital to facilitate an orderly breakup and sale of the useful parts of 2e2 (the UC unit was profitable, as was the Flex Resourcing, Data Management and Security practices).
Instead they appointed a "cost effective" administrator, FTI, and walked away from their investment.
So, what lessons can be drawn from the 2e2 experience? For me the first and most surprising lesson was that administrators have a unique and surprising ability to rip up any existing arrangements and contracts. Their ability to ignore contracts of employment, customer contracts or POs raised on suppliers was truly eye-opening.
Keep your CV and LinkedIn profile up to date. Many people had worked at 2e2 for a decade or more and CVs needed to be hurriedly created from a blank canvas, which inevitably delayed the process of applying for jobs.
Network; get connected to people on LinkedIn. When bad things happen these connections are all potential employers.
Be realistic about the value of golden handcuffs. Many people, myself included, stayed with 2e2 based upon having x thousand shares. When these shares were issued in 2004 they may have been worth something but after years of dilution they were probably worth much less than I had originally estimated.
Claim expenses regularly. Having several thousands of pounds in unclaimed expenses isn't clever when the worst happens.
Be able to survive without your next paycheck or two. Everyone assumes that even if they lose their job they would have a notice period, a redundancy lump sum and would be paid for the time they've worked. The 2e2 experience shows that this assumption isn't always true.
Maintain a handful of good recruiter contacts. There are lots of recruiters out there and its difficult to sort the good recruiters from the time wasters when you are in a difficult spot.
Cloud isn't a panacea. There are a new set of risks that need mitigating or at least acknowledging. What if your cloud provider shuts down overnight, for example? Can you ensure continuity of service to your business? Do you have offsite backups of data that can be moved to another provider easily?
Do you have contingency plans in place if key suppliers working on your projects and programmes disappear?
Don't run live and DR services hosted with the same supplier. This seems obvious but several notable customers did just this with 2e2 and were completely at the mercy of the administrators. If 2e2 had ceased data centre operations then it would have taken months for these customers to restore service.
Don't believe that contract clauses covering "termination for administration" will be honoured or will assure prompt access to your equipment and Data. The 2e2 debacle demonstrates that you will likely face a protracted battle to gain access to your equipment and data if the worst happens even if you appear contractually covered.
Include "step-in rights" in hosting / cloud contracts but don't rely upon them.
Don't think a business is viable just because it makes a net profit or positive EBITDA. 2e2 made a healthy £20m operating profit in 2011, for example, but the interest on a bank loan of £157m plus other exceptional charges meant they made a heavy net loss and as a result had significant working capital challenges.
Credit insurance is invaluable. Make sure that it covers your full exposure, has a suitable limit and percentage of the debt is covered. One hopes that the distributor Arrow ECS had full cover over the 2e2 account – 2e2 owed it over £12m at the point of administration.
Don't rely upon a single customer – several recruitment agencies went bankrupt directly as a result of 2e2 entering administration when the company made up a high percentage of their turnover.
Regularly check a company's credit status – not just during the process of creating a new account.
Don't underestimate the complexity of a businesses that has grown via acquisition.
Don't try to reorganise a 2000 employee company by moving heads on an org chart alone. 2e2 had previously done this at the start of 2012; they moved from a technical practice "Business Unit" structure, where each BU consisted of a BU Head, Sales, Operations, Pre-sales and finance to a "vertically aligned" industry sector focus. In hindsight this reorganisation was ill considered, badly planned and poorly executed and caused very significant operational and financial challenges through 2012.
You may indeed know best…but it's probably worth listening to your management team who have been in the business eight years longer than you and have lived and breathed the business at a process and people level.
Cash is king. If you reorganise your business then it's worth validating that each line of business (fixed price projects, flexible resourcing, product, annuity and ad-hoc PS) is owned and being tracked and invoiced.
Running a £350m company with no managing director and a hands-off group board isn't sensible. 2e2 had removed the previous MD in Jan '12 leaving the company without an accountable head who could hold the individual functions of 2e2 (sales, operations, pre-sales) to account.
Investors should put someone who is "active" into the business. In 2e2's case these individuals were noticeably absent. They sat on the group board, they received sanitised management reporting but until they assigned a special advisor in late 2012 they had no real insight what was happening in the business.
Exit for a realistic valuation - don't be greedy. There was industry talk that several trade buyers, including Dell, had made a reasonable offer to purchase 2e2. In hindsight this would have been an amazing deal for both the banks and employees.
On 7 January 2014, 2e2 moved from being in administration to liquidation and the administrators have issued a final report. In line with standard process of administration the administrators have also submitted a report to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills regarding the conduct of 2e2's directors but unfortunately this report will not be openly published.
It is disappointing that a significant and much loved organisation ended in such a distressing way – with single parents breaking down in tears in the office because they couldn't pay their rent in two days, people with large bills after Christmas and no January pay packet, people who had worked in continuous employment for 25 years terminated without justification or notice.
A year down the line, most ex-colleagues have settled into new organisations and the demise of 2e2 was a much-needed nudge to take their next step in their careers.
Most employees made redundant during the collapse are now working in the far reaches of the industry – many were snapped up by Computacenter, Logicalis, SCC, CGI and numerous other well-known names in the industry.


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$21M, 467,000-SF Industrial Lease Ranks as Largest
CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA-Unical Aviation Inc. signs the $20.6 million deal for the space in the largest industrial building leased in Los Angeles and Orange counties in 2009.
By Bob Howard | December 18, 2009 at 01:43 PM
CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA-Unical Aviation Inc. has signed a l$20.6 million lease for 467,119 square feet of industrial space in a building at 680 S. Lemon Ave. that is the largest industrial building leased in Los Angeles and Orange counties in 2009, according to Colliers International, which represented both the landlord and the tenant in the deal. Unical, a provider of aviation parts, will occupy the building as its corporate headquarters and warehouse as the company expands from its existing facility in Irwindale.
According to senior vice president Steven Bellitti of the Ontario office of Colliers, Unical chose the Lemon Avenue facility because it provides them with a high-image, corporate environment combined with a functional, state-of-the art distribution facility. In addition to Bellitti, the Colliers team included senior vice presidents Thomas Taylor of the company's Ontario office and Chris Sheehan of the Colliers Torrance office.
The building owners are Cardinal Capital Partners and Benenson Capital Partners, both privately held corporate real estate investment firms. Sheehan describes the landlord partnership as "a sophisticated real estate investment group that was able to secure one of the few infill big box requirements in 2009." Sheehan points out that the building provides Unical with existing features that serve its current requirements as well as future growth needs.
The City of Industry submarket where the 680 S. Lemon Ave. building is located is part of a San Gabriel Valley industrial market of nearly 142 million square feet where average asking rents in the third quarter were 51 cents per square foot per month and average sales prices were $95 per square foot, according to the latest report from Colliers International. The Colliers report said that the San Gabriel Valley overall posted negative net absorption of 962,800 during the quarter and that vacancy increased by 0.7% in the quarter to end at 7%, the highest vacancy in more than four years.
California Multifamily Will Recover By the End of 2021
Apartment occupancy and rents will return to pre-pandemic levels by the end of this year, leading into 2022.
Westcore Buys 4M-SF Industrial Portfolio From USAA Real Estate
The firm closed the year with the acquisition of a 4 million-square-foot industrial portfolio located in nine major markets.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Report: Half Of Pandemic Unemployment Relief Money May Have Been 'Stolen' - The Political Insider
Report: Half Of Pandemic Unemployment Relief Money May Have Been 'Stolen'
June 11, 2021 at 10:22am
Axios reports that as much as $400 billion in unemployment relief doled out by the federal government during the pandemic may have been stolen, in part by criminals in countries such as China and Russia.
That amount represents nearly half of the unemployment benefits distributed in the past year.
"The bulk of the money likely ended in the hands of foreign crime syndicates," the reports states, "making this not just theft, but a matter of national security."
Of that $400 billion, Haywood Talcove, the CEO of LexisNexis Risk Solutions, claims that as much as 70 percent ended up in the hands of criminal enterprises in China, Nigeria, Russia, and other countries.
YAF President @ScottWalker on the $400 billion lost in COVID-19 unemployment fraud:
"..it's exactly why we should put our faith in the American individual and family, instead of putting more power in the hands of the government." pic.twitter.com/DGspHbuDZb
— YAF (@yaf) June 10, 2021
RELATED: Biden Tells Military Servicemembers Global Warming Is Greatest Threat To American Security: 'Not A Joke'
Pandemic Unemployment Relief Stolen
Republican lawmakers have been pushing to limit unemployment relief due to concerns over fraudulent claims.
Rep. Jackie Walorski (R-IN) introduced a bill to combat unemployment fraud from COVID jobless aid programs in May.
"Enhanced federal unemployment benefits are not only hurting our economic recovery – they're turning Americans into easy prey for fraudsters and criminals," Walorski claimed.
At the time, Republicans referenced concern that $200 billion had been scammed away from the American taxpayer. The Axios report represents twice that already staggering amount.
House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) said that while the GOP had warned that COVID unemployment programs were highly vulnerable to fraud, "every Democrat voted to extend these programs, without holding a single oversight investigation."
I joined @newsmax this morning to talk about House Republicans' bill to prevent unemployment fraud on the front end, make it easier to recover fraudulently paid dollars, and provide relief to victims.
📺 Watch the interview here ⤵https://t.co/inC1lhGglY
— Jackie Walorski (@RepWalorski) May 20, 2021
RELATED: Over 10 Democrats Issue Statement Condemning Ilhan Omar's Comparison Of US To The Taliban
Where Is The Money?
Greg Gutfeld, co-host of 'The Five,' points out that Suzi Levine, a Biden appointee tapped to oversee the federal unemployment benefits that are part of the president's $1.9 trillion COVID relief package, served in a similar role as commissioner of Washington state's Employment Security Department.
Bloomberg Law reports on Levine's efforts in that role:
Under her leadership, the Washington department paid out $600 million in fraudulent unemployment claims to a Nigerian crime ring (later recovering about $350 million) and suffered months-long delays in paying many of the state's legitimate benefits claims. The department also faced accusations of resisting efforts by state auditors to investigate its operations.
. @thefivefnc @danaperino calls this an "#outrage" when discussing the 400 billion in relief that was stolen. #FoxNews @KennedyNation pic.twitter.com/awwk7W1lwJ
— Sn00pster (@sn00pdad) June 11, 2021
"We have people in government who got defrauded by Nigerian scammers," Gutfeld derided.
"I know grandmothers who aren't getting defrauded by Nigerian scammers and princes, the fact that this person was able to 'fail up' … it's an abuse of the taxpayer."
White House Responds
The White House blamed the Trump administration for the problem.
Biden admin economist Gene Sperling said, "Widespread fraud at the state level in pandemic unemployment insurance during the previous Administration is one of the most serious challenges we inherited."
"President Biden has been clear that this type of activity from criminal syndicates is despicable and unacceptable. It is why we passed $2 billion for UI modernizations in the American Rescue Plan, instituted a Department of Justice Anti-Fraud Task Force and an all-of-government Identity Theft and Public Benefits Initiative."
When Univision Anchor Asks Kamala Harris When She Will Visit Border, The VP Snaps: 'I'm Not Finished'


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AOL Releases AIM Pro for Business Users
AOL launched a new, free instant-messaging application for business users on Wednesday. AIM Pro Professional Edition integrates with Microsoft Outlook corporate directories and calendars, encrypts messages and scans them for viruses, and offers quick access to business conferencing services from WebEx Communications, the company said.
Approximately 14 million people already use AIM as a daily business tool, AOL said. With AIM Pro Professional Edition (PE), the company hopes they will see its software as a tool not just for secure instant messaging (IM), but also for secure file sharing or for hosting online meetings with voice, video and collaborative working tools.
Although there are already enterprise instant-messaging tools on the market, such as IBM's Lotus Sametime, most business IM users make do with free tools intended for consumers, AOL said.
AOL faces renewed competition in the enterprise services market. Messaging rival Microsoft announced plans Tuesday to link up with Nortel Networks to integrate instant messaging with traditional telecommunications and conferencing services.
AIM Pro PE is available as a free download. It replaces the basic AIM application, and will automatically import contact lists and account information from previous versions, the company said.
Alongside the regular IM functionality, AIM Pro PE adds access to business conferencing services provided by WebEx, allowing users to join voice or video conferences from within the AIM interface. In order to create conferences and collaborative workspaces, however, AIM Pro users need to set up an account with WebEx, which charges from US$0.33 per person per minute for the conference, according to that company's website. Basic IM communications remain free, AOL said.
As an alternative to the often obscure and quirky screen names that identify users of the consumer AIM service, AIM Pro PE users can also identify themselves using their business e-mail address. From within the AIM Pro interface, users can search corporate directories, check their Outlook calendar, send IM or e-mail messages to contacts listed in the directory or calendar, and access business information or enterprise podcasts, the company said.
AIM Pro PE users can communicate with more than 80 million users of IM services on AOL's network, including ICQ and Apple Computer's iChat, the company said. AOL also has agreements that allow it to exchange traffic with users of Microsoft's Live Communications Server and IBM's Lotus Sametime, and other IM services including Jabber, Antepo and Parlano, it said.
-Peter Sayer, IDG News Service (Paris Bureau)
Microsoft, Yahoo to Test IM Interoperability Plan


Almost everyone in this country has a debit card in their wallet or purse. They are issued by banks and savings banks and tied to the cardholder's current account.
The girocard is the debit card system used by banks in Germany.
Maestro is Mastercard's international debit card payment system.
V PAY is Visa's international debit card payment system.


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The Young Mandela
500mm x 700mm | Graphite on Hahnemuhle Paper
As a young man in his prime, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was handsome, strikingly tall and strong. He was clever and proud, yet simultaneously introverted and humble. Growing up in Qunu, doing duty as a herd boy under the watchful eyes of the Xhosa women, he developed a love for open spaces.
His education took him to Fort Hare, and he eventually went to Johannesburg to make his mark. It was there that he met, and fell in love with his first wife, Evelyn Ntoko Mase. The marriage fell apart when he became involved in the ANC, and met his second wife, Winnie Madikizela.
The Struggle Years
Nelson Mandela saw first hand, the grinding evils of Apartheid, as he and Walter Sisulu plied their trade as lawyers in the Johannesburg of the 1950s. It was these experiences that lit a flame in him, and drove him to fight for freedom.
In this piece, I seek to capture the oppression, cruelty, pain and suffering he had to endure during this stage of his life, as well as his steely will, and his determination to stand up to the Apartheid Government.
The Incarceration Years
For 27 years, Nelson Mandela was left to age in a series of prisons, kept out of sight by the Apartheid Government, Mandela nevertheless became a rallying point for struggle activists, and indeed, the world.
He was imprisoned as a young man, subjected to untold hardships and humiliations, and forced to do hard labour in the limestone pits of Robben Island. His time in prison did not break him; instead, it tempered his anger, and brought him to the understanding that forgiveness would bring reconciliation and tip the scales of justice.
The Statesmen Years
This piece depicts Madiba's release from prison, and his role as a leader, and father to a fractious toddler of a nation. It highlights the importance he placed on reconciliation, education and unity through sport. It also explores Mandela's love – both for his children and grandchildren, and the woman who stole his heart for the last time - Graca Machel.
The Peace Years
I hope that the final piece brings a sometimes tragic, but entirely inspiring life full circle. I wanted to capture the sense of peace Nelson Mandela found when he finally withdrew from public life, with his famous "Don't call me, I will call you" quip. Madiba never stopped working for the love of his people. The children of a new nation that he helped birth will be forever grateful for his lessons and guidance.
Nelson Mandela spoke the language of humanity. He taught a fractured nation how to care for each other, and look past the divisions that 400 years of Colonialism and Apartheid had entrenched.
He displayed qualities that I strive for in my own life. He taught us that courage means facing our fears, standing steadfast in our vision, and seeking to serve humanity in all that we do.
He displayed kindness, and a willingness to forgive human flaws, preached and practiced forgiveness and reconciliation, and helped heal a people bruised by years of war.
Mandela was able to strip away the blindfold of the ego, letting the light of knowledge and the true meaning of life shine through.
The series comprises 5 art works, executed in graphite, combined with a technique that the artist has developed using a process of chemical transfer. Also included is a motivational piece.
The full sized images are 500mm x 700mm.
The series will be released in two editions:
300 full sized sets, with 30 artists proofs, and 750 A5 sets with 75 artists proofs printed on 310g Hahnemuhle German archival etching/ art paper.
Artist Motivation
I have wanted to honour Nelson Mandela for many years.
The challenge was how to do it differently from so many other wonderful artists.
I've love portraiture, and Madiba's beautiful, expressive face provided the perfect subject matter.
I set out to dig deeper, to depict more than just the laughing old man who healed a nation's wounds, or the handsome, lithe young boxer who took up the cause of freedom.
I wanted to tell the story of his life, in all its richness, reflecting the strength, the sadness, the humility of one of the world's giants.
This desire led me on a year-long journey of discovery.
I learnt about this great man, and gained an understanding of why he resonates with so many people, including myself.
The series of 5 portraits were completed in graphite, as well as transfer and graphite. Each piece took countless hours to complete, giving me the time to contemplate the lessons he had to teach.
No piece of work can truly pay homage to this great man, but I hope to have brought to life a small part of his story, a reminder of the hardship he endured, the beauty he embodied, and the love he gave so freely to all his people.
I felt at many stages during the making of this work, that I was merely an instrument, a channel for the healing energy that Mandela radiated.
I will always be grateful for the opportunity to embark on this life-changing journey.


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text:
Le procès des quatre sorcières, également appelé procès des quatre de San Antonio (en anglais ), est une affaire judiciaire qui aboutit à la condamnation pour viol sur mineure en 1994 de quatre innocentes, les jeunes femmes lesbiennes latinos : Cassandra Rivera, Anna Vasquez, Kristie Mayhugh et Elizabeth Ramirez.

Contexte
Anna Vasquez, Cassandra Rivera, Kristie Mayhugh et Elizabeth Ramirez sont des jeunes femmes issues de familles catholiques conservatrices du Texas. Elles ont toutes fait leur coming out. Anna Vasquez est en couple avec Cassie, qui est mère de deux enfants. Les quatre femmes sont amies et s'entraident, jusqu'au jour où elles sont accusées d'avoir violé Stephanie et Vanessa, les nièces d'Elizabeth Ramirez.

On les a également accusées de vouer un culte à Satan, l'affaire se déroulant dans le contexte de la panique satanique durant les années 1980 et 1990. Durant le procès, la sexualité des quatre jeunes femmes, qui viennent de faire un coming out et se déclarer ouvertement lesbiennes, est mise en exergue.

Déroulement
Elizabeth Ramirez invite ses nièces dans son appartement. En 1994, elle est accusée avec ses amies d'avoir violé collectivement ses deux nièces. Les quatre jeunes femmes ne négocient pas une remise de peine en échange d'aveux, et persistent à déclarer qu'elles sont innocentes des crimes dont on les accuse.

Le dossier judiciaire ne présente pas de pièces corroborant l'existence physique de lésions à la suite d'une agression des petites filles, mis à part un rapport d'un pédiatre qui est remis en cause par la suite. La seule base pour les accusations est constituée par le témoignage des deux petites filles, dont le père Javier Limon est connu pour avoir courtisé Elizabeth Ramirez, sa belle-sœur, qui aurait repoussé ses avances.

L'homosexualité des quatre jeunes femmes est mise en avant durant le procès, et la couverture médiatique les dépeint comme des sorcières, qui auraient sacrifié des enfants. Elles sont toutes condamnées à de lourdes peines.

Anna Vasquez refuse de rejoindre le programme  destiné aux prédateurs sexuels. Elle perd de ce fait la possibilité d'une libération conditionnelle par la suite.

Postérité
En 2012, Deborah S. Esquenazi réalise un documentaire, Southwest of Salem: The Story of the San Antonio Four retraçant le procès que les quatre femmes ont entrepris pour contester leur condamnation. Lorsque le tournage débute en 2012, les quatre femmes sont en prison depuis dix ans. Elles sont relâchées entre 2012 et 2013 et déclarées innocentes après que la nièce de Ramirez a avoué avoir menti sous la pression exercée par son père, Limon Ramirez, qui aurait agi par dépit amoureux, ayant été éconduit par Elizabeth Ramirez.

Notes et références

Affaire criminelle aux États-Unis
LGBT aux États-Unis
Histoire de San Antonio
Erreur judiciaire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tomafro/recap.png?branch=1.x)](https://travis-ci.org/tomafro/recap)

[Recap](https://github.com/freerange/recap) is an opinionated set of [Capistrano](https://github.com/capistrano/capistrano) deployment recipes, that use git's strengths to deploy applications and websites in a fast and simple manner.

## Features & Aims

  * Releases are managed using git.  All code is deployed to a single directory, and git tags are used to manage different released versions.  No `releases`, `current` or `shared` directories are created, avoiding unnecessary sym-linking.
  * Deployments do the minimum work possible, using git to determine whether tasks need to run.  e.g. the `bundle:install` task only runs if the app contains a `Gemfile.lock` file and it has changed since the last deployment.
  * Applications have their own user account and group, owning all of that application's associated files and processes.  This gives them a dedicated environment, allowing environment variables to be used for application specific configuration.  Tasks such as `env`, `env:set` and `env:edit` make setting and changing these variables easy.
  * Personal accounts are used to deploy to the server, distinct from the application user.  The right to deploy an application is granted simply by adding a user to the application group.

## Documentation

For more information, the main documentation can be found at [http://gofreerange.com/recap/docs](http://gofreerange.com/recap/docs).

## Prerequistes

* Recap's built-in tasks only support deploying to Ubuntu
* Your user account (as opposed to the application account) must be able to `sudo`
* Your user account should be able to connect to the remote git repository from your deployment server(s)

## Source

The source code is available [on Github](https://github.com/freerange/recap).

## Running Tests

- Run the following commands from the checked out project directory.
- Install dependencies (assumes the bundler gem is installed).

    `$ bundle install`

- Run specs

    `$ bundle exec rake`

- Install [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) - only necessary if you want to run [Cucumber](https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber) features.
- Install and provision a test VM based on the [Vagrantfile](https://github.com/freerange/recap/blob/master/Vagrantfile) (assumes VirtualBox is installed)

    `$ bundle exec vagrant up`

- Run features

    `$ bundle exec cucumber`

## Publishing documentation

This defaults to publishing to gofreerange.com but that can be customised by setting the `RECAP_DOCS_HOST` environment variable.

The `fl-rocco` gem relies on the `pygments` Python package being installed (`pip install pygments`); more specifically the `pygmentize` binary being available in the `PATH`.

    $ bundle exec rake doc publish

*NOTE*. The recap docs rely on a rocco.css file being available at `#{RECAP_DOCS_HOST}/stylesheets/rocco.css`. This was [added to our site in e41bac][e41bac]

[e41bac]: https://github.com/freerange/site/commit/e41bac9954eddd2ca9dda0f8d034bb3f8ac77bd3

## Credits

Recap was written by [Tom Ward](http://tomafro.net) and the other members of [Go Free Range](http://gofreerange.com).

## License

Recap is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/freerange/recap/blob/master/LICENSE).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Sub: - Miseries and untold sufferings being faced due to hasty migrations of CBS & CIS through the nation – Immeidate action is required.
Apropos reference, it is dismayed to note that there is no tangible action taken so far in set righting the serious problems arisen due to hasty and hurry introduction of CBS and CIS without minding the situations at ground levels. The officials are forced to suffer every day till late night with more tension and mental torture.
There is poor access and even no access in Finacle continuously for the past 8 days throughout the Country affecting the public services very badly. This because of exceeding the capacity of the servers provided by Infosys. Many Circle Unions have conducted series of programme of trade union action including strike to restore the normal services in Finacle, this matter was not looked into seriously by the Department. Even though, it was assured to our Secretary General during the close of March 2016 that two addl. Servers will be provided to Data Centre in order to maintain the services by first week of April 2016, this was not done till date.
The following are the serious issues confronting the staff which should be resolved forthwith. In the event of no progress or settlement, the All India Union will issue strike notice soon in order to register our serious protest.
1. Many policies appear in system admin queue even after disbursement is paid as there is no power to system admin then why there is system admin queue and for each such case CPC have to raise the ticket.
2. There is no provision to view the reports of BO's of HO's in Mccamish due to which HO's are unable to tally the BO summary with Mccamish.
3. No deployment of posts have been done from the administrative offices to CPC's whereas all the work relating to Insurance have been delegated to operative office. all CPC's are working without establishment from the strength of HO's and adequate staff is also not deployed at CPC's.
4. Issues for which tickets are raised are not resolved at earliest, sometimes issues are resolved after 20 days.
5. There are good number of APS policies which are not migrated to mcCamish software.
6. Out of 30 days of month reports are not accessible in almost 10- 15 days at evening when the offices have tally their accounts. Sometimes offices have to kept the money out of account and tally the accounts on next day.
1. The contract have been assigned to sify technologies for providing NSP-1 and NSP-2. The service provider for primary link i.e. NSP-1 is BSNL and Whenever NSP-1 get down in 80% offices network does not get on to NSP-2 automatically. The finacle is not accessible in NSP-2 and as far as the quality of NSP-2 is concerned, it overall results comes to be unfruitful. The expenditure which the department of posts is spending on NSP-2(dongle based) is all in vein. No outcome for good network is shown even after upgradation of bandwidth in class D and E Post Office. Whenever the ticket for non working of NSP-1 is raised the only reply from Sify side is that the problem is at the end of BSNL and no settlement is made till the BSNL restores its network. Offices are having their work held up for more than 10 days and in some instances for more than a fortnight. The higher offices forces the operative staff to clear their pending work in nearby feasible location which is not a proper way at all.
2. There is only one Circle Coordinator of Sify followed by one service engineer for 2 postal division. It is not practically possible for this crew to rectify the major fault when fault persists in more than one location simultaneously. On the other side officials from Sify/Infosys/TCS used to direct the System Administrators to resolve the networking issue/other issues in Post Offices. And Our department denies to give a special grade to System Administrators.
The main base for the non-accessibility of the Finacle server, is either with the Main server capacity or the programming done by the Infosys. Bandwidth alone is not the reason for the slowness in Finacle. So,server as in Railways has to be installed. If necessary post offices across the country may be divided into four zones and one server for each zone with inter accessibility may be installed. The bandwith for single handed and other S.Os should be increased. To overcome the existing problem additional servers shall be provided to bear the load.
1. From the date of migration, the Finacle server is not running promptly and takes very much time in processing even a single transaction.
2. Agent portal is not working from last 10 days and not services of this portal is not resumed till date.
3. Variety of services in Finacle Server found to be inaccessible on routine basis. Whenever one error rectified, another appears in a consecutive manner.
4. Finacle works on the principle of maker and checker, but in single hand offices where only one official works, this concept of maker and checker not seems to be logical. Either the concept of maker and checker should be scrapped or the concept of single hand offices should be abolished. All single hand SO's should be upgraded to Double Hand SO's.
5. Whenever the deposits for SSA, SB and PPF is made, the transid directly enters into posted stage and no modification/deletion is possible in this stage. In the later stage supervisor finds any mistake during verification, the only way to get rid is the verification of that particular transid. For this the only solution is that the deposit made by counter clerk firstly have to enter in the entered stage which allows the rectification of any kind of mistake.
6. DMCC is pressurising to execute EOD on 2000 hours daily. And after this they are not providing any support to the staff who is working late hours in the night. Workload of transactions is that much that it is not possible to finish the work well before 2000 hours.
The following additional issues have also to be sorted out.
Increase the capacity of Server and processor. Upgradation may find a solution for slow access at user end level.
Directorate has informed a year ago to upgrade bandwidth from 128 kbps to 256, 256 kbps to 512, 512 to 1 mbps, 1 to 2 mbps. But no action has been taken in this aspect except at HOs.
DC closure is not done on daily basis which results officials to wait beyond office hours and delay in executing HISCOD.
MIS report Server is not at all accessible for most of the days. Capacity of reporting server should be upgraded for easy access.
In almost all the offices, except HOs, NSP-II is not at all working resulting non accessibility of Finacle/Mccamish during the down time of NSP-I.
Most of the rural BSNL exchanges are not electronic exchanges where the broad band is frequently disconnected due to power failures as they have not been properly provided with UPS/Generator facilities. In these places, ensuring proper working of NSP-II is needed.
Deputation or transfer orders are placed at DO level. During deputation of a PA to other place, the SOL of a PA may be changed at DO level easily.
At present, it is being done at CPC and it gets delayed or changed after completion of deputation.
Now, Supervisor can release the CPA under their SOL only except at HOs. All Supervisors under one HO may be permitted to release other Supervisors/CPAs under the same HO.
Some menu options are being disabled for testing slowness of Finacle but the same is not properly communicated to gross root level. Hence the CPAs keep on trying the menu without knowing the fact and in some times the same transaction is being done for more than one number of times. Without proper intimation, disabling of menus should not be done by infosys.
It is not clear that the slowness is because of migration/ DC closure. Some times, restarting the server is needed at Data centre.
These types of works may be fixed by the end of the week and the server may be exclusively used for these purposes at that time. In these situations, we may be intimated the fact and be asked not to do transactions at these time.
For instance, we may be asked to complete the works on before 1300 hrs on Saturdays. After that, they may proceed with either maintenance work of Server or Migration activities without interruption.
(i) In SSA, total deposit in a Financial year should not exceed Rs.1,50,000/- but there is no provision to stop any excess deposit in any single account. The official as well as the public suffers due to excess deposit in SSA account. Mechanism to disallow any excess deposit above the limit should be provided.
(ii) For Cash Certificates, either the present system of Certificates with specified denomination has to be dispensed with as in banks for Fixed Deposit or Higher denomination up to Rs.100000/- to be introduced for all Post Offices as printing of cash certificates consumes much time.
(iii) he supervisors should be given option to reconcile the errors committed by the clerks at counter while making deposit entry with reverse option as in PPF deposits.
(iv) In RD accounts Pre Mature closure is not allowed if any advance deposits is made, till the lapse of the period up to which advance deposits has been made by the depositor. It denies the right of the depositor to close the account prematurely. Provision may be made to close the accounts with advance deposits with provision to recover the rebate given for the advance deposits.
(v) There is no difference between PLI AND RPLI policy numbers as far as new accepted policies concerned, so as to get the print outs in the relevant PD DOCUMENT.
(vi) Similar in case of AEA, GY, CHILDREN POLICIES; WLA; CWLA etc.. where in NIC it can be differentiated.
(vii) While indexing new RPLI proposals at Counters, collection head is defaultedly set as PLI , and it is very difficult to refund the same if it is wrongly generated as PLI since for the said type of work, as usual, (i) FOLDER IS TO BE CREATED(ii) ECMS work is to be completed (iii) DATA ENTRY WORK IS TO BE DONE by giving irrelevant information - then only the same can be rejected at QUALITY CHECKER STAGE and it takes minimum 10 days to refund the amount.
(viii) In most of the days, though entry has been made in DATA ENTRY and submitted properly, the status of the said policy/proposal will show as " DATAENTRY RESERVED" ONLY.
(ix) If the address of the insurant is to be changed, letter only is generated but the same could not be viewed in policy document which is very essential.
(x) Instructions have been issued to scan old PLI /RPLI documents for digitization with time frame. High speed scanners are not available and it is not possible to scan with the existing scanner.
1. Shortage of Staff: - There is no recruitment from last three years and the situation is that all triple hand SO's are functioning with two official and like-wise double hand SO's are working with only one official. In case of LSG promotions when PA refused to accept the said promotion the post becomes vacant but the work is maintained by some other PA, resulting into more burden on PA. Therefore, it is suggested that the vacant posts of LSG may be included in the recruitment of PA's. Same situation is noticed in case of LR Posts; all are lying vacant.
2. Introduction of new branches: - More number of branches have been introduced in the recent year. For example CPC(PLI/RPLI) have been created at HO level, CPC(CBS) have been created at Circle Level. But there is no provision in the establishment for the said branches. The staff for the functioning of these CPC's have been brought from other operative offices which suffers smooth working of those offices.
3. Infrastructure Problem: - On the one side department is transforming into a new CBS environment, and on other side infrastructure situation is very bad for example UPS and Genset of most of the offices are lying out of order and furniture is not in adequate position. Our department is spending crores of rupees on these private companies and harassing own staff up to a great extent.
4. The recent decision of the Directorate that the business hours of the Post Office shall be five hours for the monetary transactions has not been implemented in many circles. The Chief PMG, Tamil Nadu circle without minding the sufferings due to the Finacle has not only implemented the Directorate order but also sought reconsideration of the decision. This is causing a serious concern.
1. Slowness in application, even collection could not be done properly.
3. New Business Indexing could not be done.
4. CSV update are in pending status from last four days.
5. ECMS correction stage error.
7. Policy bond is not generated for the proposal request approved from09/03/2016.
8. Premium collected from 10/03/2016 is not posted to the consent policies.
10.Multiple receipt has been generated for the same period for the same policies.
The above are only the important items which shall be attended as if fire on the top roof. We are expecting immediate and swift action from the administration to bring the Po work into normal by making all efforts. In the event of no improvement, this Union will implement the decision of the Chandigarh CWC by conducting various programmes of action culminating to indefinite strike and notice will be served in the event of no response within a fortnight.
A line in reply about the action taken is highly solicited.


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text:
Best cheap VPNs in 2023
Miglė Šeikytė
Fact-checked by Laura Mogenytė
Have you been looking for a high-quality VPN service that's also easy on the wallet? Then, you've come to the right place! In this article, I'll give you a list of the best cheap VPNs that are truly amazing.
For this article we have tested and shortlisted only the most trustworthy services that offer high levels of security, hide your real IP address, are able to unblock Netflix and other streaming platforms, as well as use some neat features like split tunneling.
Yet, best of all, while we prioritized security and functionality, we also made sure that the price point for said services will not break your bank. So keep on reading to discover the 5 best cheap VPNs that are both feature-rich and budget-friendly.
Cheapest VPNs for January 2023
Surfshark – the best cheap VPN on the market
NordVPN – premium features at an affordable price
Atlas VPN – cheap VPN with unlimited connections
PrivateVPN – best budget option for streaming
IPVanish – one of the cheapest VPNs on the market
How to choose the best cheap VPN
Choosing the best cheap VPN service might not be as easy as it sounds. That's because not all inexpensive VPNs are of high quality - and you don't want to get a lousy tool that will do more harm than good. So, here's what you need to look for when picking a cheap VPN provider:
Money-back guarantee. All decent VPNs should offer a money-back guarantee that's valid for at least 30 days. That's enough time to decide whether the service truly suits your needs.
Privacy. Before picking a VPN tool, check out its privacy characteristics. Does it have an audited no-logs policy? Does it use AES-256 encryption? What kind of tunneling protocols does it implement? It's a good idea to read as many reviews as possible.
Extra features. Some VPNs are pretty basic, while others have plenty of extra features to choose from. Think about what exactly you need from the tool and pick accordingly.
Long-term discounts. In the world of VPNs, getting a long-term subscription plan lets you save a lot of money. So, it's a good idea to look through all the plans of your preferred VPN provider and choose a longer subscription.
The best cheap VPNs in 2023 – our detailed list:
When looking for a cheap VPN, there is a danger of going too far. Your service of choice shouldn't disregard quality standards: safety, online privacy, and performance aren't things you'd want to compromise on.
If a VPN can deliver on other fronts, this means more value to you. Whether it's good for unblocking streaming services, compatible with P2P networks, or has advanced features - the more included in the package, the higher the service ranks on our list.
1. Surfshark – best cheap VPN in 2023
Based in: The Netherlands
Money-back guarantee: 30-days money-back guarantee
Cheapest price: $2.30/month
Current deal: Get 82% OFF Surfshark + 2 months FREE
Visit Surfshark
You could easily make the case that Surfshark offers the best value VPN deal on the market. They give you unlimited simultaneous connections, a bundle of useful features, and impeccable security.
All the data that goes through their VPN servers will be encrypted with the AES-256 cipher. It's an encryption standard that military bodies and government institutions use for their communications. The service also has a kill switch, web filters and doesn't leak your DNS or IP address.
In terms of performance, Surfshark is one of the fastest VPN services. Their WireGuard tunneling protocol blows the likes of OpenVPN out of the water, combining better connection speeds and security.
The service is also stuffed with many useful additional features. It works with P2P connections and allows connecting through multiple VPN servers (multi-hop). You can hide the fact that you're using a VPN via Camouflage Mode. Finally, a split tunneling option gives you much better control over how your VPN connection is used.
While their monthly plan isn't that budget-friendly, the value skyrockets when you pick the longer subscriptions, like a two-year plan. Not to mention that they also have a 7-day free trial. Once you download the app on your Android or iPhone, you can then install it on your desktop.
Great speed test scores
Low subscription price
Unblocks several Netflix libraries
Unlimited simultaneous connections
Data breach alerts
Has browser extensions
No free version
2. NordVPN – best cheap VPN with superb security
Based in: Panama
Current deal: Get NordVPN with 63% OFF
Visit NordVPN
NordVPN provides everything that you could ask from a VPN, and it doesn't cost a fortune. Whether you're looking for online anonymity or want to unblock censored websites, NordVPN can do all of these things and more.
The service relies on AES-256 encryption to protect your data from unwanted eyes. No hacker will be able to brute force it to reveal your data, which is sent in an encrypted tunnel. NordVPN, as usual, has some surprises here. Their proprietary NordLynx tunneling protocol performs better than stock WireGuard with more consistent connections.
You can tweak the app quite a bit as there are many additional features. CyberSec filters out malicious websites, and you can use Double VPN to connect through 2 VPN servers. There is an option to mix the Tor network with a VPN connection for ultimate anonymity.
Finally, NordVPN unblocks virtually any website that could be restricted. Even if you want to access geographically restricted media streaming websites like Hulu or Disney+, it will be possible.
Price-wise, NordVPN bites only if you're a monthly subscriber. Yet if you commit to longer plans, the prices become as non-threatening as a fluffy kitten. Still, if you try the service and don't like something, there's a 30-day money-back guarantee.
SOCKS5 proxy
P2P servers
Independently-audited no-log policy
Unblocks Netflix
Split tunneling
3. Atlas VPN – cheap VPN for all of your devices
Based in: United States
Money-back guarantee: 30-day money-back guarantee
Current deal: Get Atlas VPN, now 81% OFF!
Visit Atlas VPN
Atlas VPN is one of the best freemium VPNs in the market – but while its free plan is quite tempting, its premium version is the true star of the show. Starting at PRICE/month, this VPN offers unlimited simultaneous connections, making it an excellent value for its low price.
And while it only has SERVERS servers in COUNTRIES countries, Atlas VPN is still a great option for streaming, effortlessly unblocking Netflix, YouTube, BBC iPlayer, and other streaming services.
As for features, the SafeBrowse feature will keep you, well, safe as you browse the Internet. Meanwhile, SafeSwap will seamlessly rotate your IP address along the way. This feature adds an extra layer of security and helps you avoid "I'm not a robot" captchas as you surf through Google.
There's also a kill switch and the industry-leading AES-256 encryption cipher. This rounds out an overall impressive suite of security features.
With the recently implemented WireGuard protocol, the speed of Atlas VPN drastically improved, letting it compete with the fastest VPNs on the market. And with the 30-day money-back guarantee, you can try this excellent cheap VPN yourself.
AES-256 encryption
Small server fleet
Based in the US, which isn't privacy-friendly
4. PrivateVPN – best cheap VPN for streaming
Based in: Sweden
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PrivateVPN is another solid option if you're balancing a tight budget and versatility. With this bad boy, you will be able to unblock websites and download torrents in no time.
If you've spent some time with this page, sometimes you know that safety comes first. In this regard, PrivateVPN doesn't leave you in doubt. You can switch between several strengths of AES ciphers, depending on the desired level of security. Their tunneling protocol list isn't too long and doesn't include WireGuard, but it should be suitable for most scenarios. You will be able to find a fast protocol for you.
That said, the number of features is something that compensates for these shortcomings. You're getting HTTP and SOCKS5 proxies free of charge. The service even has a port forwarding function, which is easy to find among providers.
The best news is reserved for TV addicts. If frustration due to the new streaming platform not being available in your region is a familiar feeling, PrivateVPN will solve it. During our tests, it unblocked every streaming service that we threw at it. This includes household names, like Netflix, and BBC iPlayer.
On top of all the other benefits that PrivateVPN brings, the service is very affordable. Naturally, this will apply to their longer plans. Still, it's a quality service that you won't feel disappointed with (and even if you do, they have a 30-day money-back guarantee).
Unblocks most streaming services
Discounts on longer subscriptions
Customizable encryption
Limited tunneling protocols options
No split tunneling
5. IPVanish – the best VPN and cloud storage bundle
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Ever wanted to make your IP address disappear? IPVanish is certainly one of the options that can do it for you while being as expensive as a sack of potatoes.
In terms of security, you will be protected with the AES-256 military-grade cipher. It pretty much guarantees that no one will be able to power through your VPN connection to learn what you've been up to online.
While IPVanish isn't a juggernaut and their service fleet won't put you in awe, they rock 2000 servers in 50 countries. It should provide plenty of server locations to connect to and fairly consistent speeds.
To take advantage of this great server network, you have P2P compatibility and a free SOCKS5 proxy, which means you can torrent to your heart's content. So if you're looking for a good VPN for torrenting, IPVanish is one of the top options. Even if you want to unblock streaming services, IPVanish will give you access to Netflix and geo-blocked YouTube videos.
While IPVanish isn't perfect and could improve some shortcomings, they aren't charging a premium price, either. The first deal option is the most appealing, as for a year you can get the service for a really low price. They're also throwing SugarSync in the mix - encrypted cloud storage for a few dollars more can't hurt! Just keep in mind that when you choose the annual plan, your second billing period will be more expensive.
P2P-compatible
10 simultaneous connections
Customizable kill switch
Fails to unblock some streaming services
Not the biggest feature list
How we selected these cheapest VPNs
Looking for the best cheapest VPN means looking for the best possible value. There are a couple of things that you should look into before you pull the trigger on that subscription deal:
Security. While it may sound irrelevant because "who could be interested in your data," the answer is thousands of corporations and hackers. Your data is profitable in bulk, and even single entries can be a goldmine for marketers. Strong encryption, secure tunneling, and an active kill switch are necessary technical traits to protect your data.
Privacy policy. Your VPN service provider should respect your anonymity, so it's imperative that they have a no-logs policy. This shows dedication to keeping you incognito no matter who comes in requesting your data. An independent audit of this no-logs policy is also a good way to build trust.
Performance. Some speed reductions are normal with a VPN as your connection takes a detour through an intermediary server. However, some services are better-optimized than others. With some, you won't be suffering from severe speed drop-offs or inconsistent connections. A large server fleet can help with the user load.
Usability. Not all VPNs are capable of unblocking all media streaming websites. Some blacklist P2P connections. It's not a bad idea to look into how capable the VPN you're considering is. Ensure that it delivers in the key areas that are most important to you, and don't forget additional features.
Price. Last but not least, pricing helps you to evaluate whether the service provides a decent bundle for the cost. Too often, you can find mediocre services that have a premium service price tag slapped on. While here, we're looking for the biggest bang for the buck.
How to get the best VPN deal?
All major VPN service providers are constantly undercutting each other's offers. It's a jungle out there. Luckily, for regular users, this means there's always an opportunity to get a deal. So, here's how you get one:
Check out our reviews. That's because we always have deals for the best VPN services - just follow the links!
Use special discounts. Aside from our regular deals, we also offer some great VPN deals as well as some special VPN coupons.
Use social media. You can also look on VPN providers' Twitter, Facebook, or subreddit pages. If they have special promo codes, you might find them there.
So, play your cards right, and you will be able to get an already cheap deal even cheaper.
Is a cheap VPN worth it?
Yes, you can get a cheap VPN that's also really good. That's because, when talking about VPNs, the phrase "you get what you pay for" applies only in part. It applies more to free VPNs. They are pretty limited and usually function as a gateway to attract more customers to the provider's paid plans.
Speaking of which, the VPN market isn't that volatile or new. There is a somewhat common consensus on what should be included in a VPN bundle and how much it should cost. The law of diminishing returns is very true – likely, you won't be getting that much by throwing your money at a VPN above a certain point.
For example, all VPNs on this list are among the best of the best, yet they are also quite cheap! As for the most attention worthy one, we suggest Surfshark – our top pick.
Budget-friendly VPN comparison
In this VPN price comparison table, you can find all the providers with their offered pricing plans. As usual, the shorter deals are more expensive, but you can still find options that fit your desired duration and price brackets.
Surfshark NordVPN Atlas VPN PrivateVPN IPVanish
1-month price $12.95 $11.95 $10.99 $9.99 $10.99
12-month price $47.88 or $3.99/month $59.88 or $4.99/month $39.42 or $3.29/month ❌ $47.89 or $3.99/month
24-month price $59.76 or $2.30/month $95.76 or $3.99/month $49.19 or $1.89/month (2 years) ❌ ❌
Other plans ❌ ❌ ❌ $17.99 or $6.00/month (3 months); $72.00 or $2.00/month (3 years) $15.96 or $5.32/month (3 months)
However, when it comes to VPN cost comparison, you should take a few things into consideration. The pricing can depend on the features, simultaneous connections, and other aspects - so don't forget to read a few VPN reviews first before simply getting the cheapest tool.
Why do VPNs vary so much in price?
There are a lot of reasons why VPN services are priced differently. Here are some of the most common ones:
Servers. The VPN price might partly depend on its servers. For example, some VPN providers own their own data centers, while others rent. Also, it's more difficult to take care of a massive server fleet rather than a small one.
Customer support. Having good customer support costs money. Especially if a VPN offers a 24/7 live chat with quick response times - all those agents have to earn a living, too!
Additional features. Usually, a basic VPN with a small selection of features will cost less than a service with lots of custom options. After all, it takes money to develop and maintain such features as SmartDNS.
Marketing. Sometimes, a VPN can cost a lot just because it has put lots of money into marketing. It's the same situation as with any other product.
What are the dangers of using cheap VPNs?
There are bad VPNs that are expensive, and good VPNs that are cheap. Though, it's worth noting that free VPNs with no paid versions are dangerous. These are solely funded from ads and selling your data to the same companies that you're trying to avoid.
Of course, cheap VPNs can also be malicious. Always look into whether the service will protect your privacy, check the reviews. There are many examples when a "no-logs VPN" was actually collecting a great amount of user data. So, stick with respectable providers that have audit reports that back up what they're promising.
VPNs aren't a luxury product – if you score a good deal, it can cost you as little as a few dollars. The competition between VPN providers keeps prices in check. Still, there are many VPNs to choose from, which can seem daunting if you're not sure what to look for.
Hopefully, this guide has helped you out when looking for the best cheap VPN. All the provider's on our list will help you stay safe when surfing the web without breaking the bank.
More VPN guides from Cybernews:
Best VPNs for Windows 11: find your ideal VPN and secure your Windows PC
Best VPNs for Mac: make your Apple device even more private
Best VPNs for crypto trading: completely safe to unblock trading sites
Best VPNs with a free trial: try VPN without spending a single penny
Best lifetime VPNs: a high-quality VPNs with a long-term subscription
Are cheap VPN services safe?
Yes. If your chosen VPN service provider's reputation is good, then the low price shouldn't discourage you from getting the service. However, you should be cautious of free VPNs that don't have any paid versions. Those are likely funded by selling your data, making you the product.
How much do VPNs cost?
On average, a monthly VPN cost is around $7. In most countries, this is less than you would pay for Netflix. Plus, you can pay even less by going for a longer VPN subscription.
Is a VPN worth the cost?
Yes. VPNs are essential for your security and privacy on the internet. Losing it can cost you a lot more than a few dollars a month!
Cheapest VPNs – Best deals:
Best Value for Money VPNs
World's leading & most secure VPN provider
Unlimited devices per account and awesome speeds
Secured internet experience
Recommended VPN guides
Best VPNs for mobile in 2023
Best VPNs for multiple devices in 2023
Best VPN for iPhone in 2023
Best Android VPNs in 2023
ExpressVPN vs Proton VPN: which VPN is better?
prefix 1 year ago
Gave me some good choice for best affordable vpn available. I'm just curious, it says Surfshark Whitelister doesn't work on Mac, but are there any vpns that have this feature? thanks and have a good day!
CyberNews Team
Hello! Whitelister is another name for split tunneling. The VPNs that include split tunneling for macOS are NordVPN, Private Internet Access, and ExpressVPN.
Shmisting
didn't know cheap vpn can be so good! Thanks for the tips, already got myself a vpn sub, saved a little bit for other things 😏
Araim
If its a low cost vpn, does that mean the quality is a bit lower than more expensive vpns? it would be weird if they would offer the same features for a cheaper product
Justinas Mazūra
The answer is: it all depends. There is no rule of thumb that will be valid all the time. Some VPNs charge a premium cost for subpar products, while others deliver much better ones for a low price.
Stay anonymous while browsing online
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This deal does not require to manually enter the code, it will be activated instantly.
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Tags: stephen colbert | first | late | show | guest
Stephen Colbert First Late Show Guest Lineups Take New Tack
A woman takes a photo of the marquee for "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" at the Ed Sullivan Theater in Manhattan. (Andrew Kelly/Reuters
By Nick Sanchez | Tuesday, 25 August 2015 11:13 AM
When former Comedy Central host Stephen Colbert takes over David Letterman's chair on "The Late Show" on Sept. 8, he'll be joined by actor George Clooney and presidential contender Jeb Bush.
As The New York Times first reported, the full week's guest lineup is as follows:
Sept. 9 - Actress Scarlett Johansson, Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla Motors and SpaceX, and rapper Kendrick Lamar.
Sept. 10 - Travis Kalanick, Uber CEO, and country singer Toby Keith.
Sept. 11 - Comedian Amy Schumer, author Stephen King, and Paul Simon tribute band Troubled Waters.
Vanity Fair magazine noted that, "No concrete info to be found online about a musical group called 'Troubled Waters,' so we're guessing this is a special Colbert week-ending surprise. Perhaps a Simon and Garfunkel reunion?"
The magazine commented that the first week's lineup shows that "Colbert is staying true to his word to bring something completely new to network late night" by front-loading his first week with "tech giants and a horror author who's not exactly the hottest ticket in town."
The New York Post explained that beyond the age-old, late-night ratings battle between CBS (Colbert), NBC (Jimmy Fallon), and ABC (Jimmy Kimmel), the former Comedy Central host will also be waging a war for online viewers. More and more people skip picking up the remote these days, and navigate to YouTube to watch clips from last night's shows.
"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" has had a lot of success with its star-studded lip sync battle clips, with actress Emma Stone's segment pulling down 58 million views alone.
Jimmy Kimmel has also had online success with his own celebrity-heavy segment called "Mean Tweets," wherein stars read mean things people have said about them on social media.
Ahead of its debut, "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" has nearly 125,000 YouTube subscribers, and the host's "Colbeard" video has over 2 million views.
Stephen Colbert Insults Justice Scalia While Pimping 'Late Show'
Jon Stewart's Farewell: 'Daily Show' Host Spotlights Staff, Not Self
Stephen Colbert: I 'Pray' That Trump Stays in the Race
When former Comedy Central host Stephen Colbert takes over David Letterman's old post at "The Late Show" on Sept. 8, he'll be joined by actor George Clooney and presidential contender Jeb Bush.
stephen colbert, first, late, show, guest
Tuesday, 25 August 2015 11:13 AM


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North Korea Plans to Launch Long-Range Rocket
By Tech Wire Asia | 16 March, 2012
PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) — North Korea announced plans Friday to blast a satellite into space on the back of a long-range rocket, a provocative move that could jeopardize a weeks-old agreement with the U.S. exchanging food aid for nuclear concessions.
In this April 5, 2009 image, a rocket is lifted off from its launch pad in Musudan-ri, North Korea. North Korea announced Friday it plans to launch a long-range rocket mounted with a satellite next month. (Photo: AP)
The North agreed to a moratorium on long-range launches as part of the deal with Washington, but it argues that its satellite launches are part of a peaceful space program that is exempt from any international disarmament agreements. The U.S., South Korea and other critics say the rocket technology overlaps with belligerent uses and condemn the satellite program as a disguised way of testing military missiles in defiance of a U.N. ban.
The launch is to take place three years after a similar launch in April 2009 drew widespread censure.
In Washington, the U.S. State Department called the announcement of the launch "highly provocative."
"Such a missile launch would pose a threat to regional security and would also be inconsistent with North Korea's recent undertaking to refrain from long-range missile launches," State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said in a statement, calling on Pyongyang to abide by its international oblications.
Japan urged Pyongyang to abandon the launch, calling it a violation of a U.N. resolution restricting the North's use of ballistic missile technology, and South Korea's Foreign Ministry called the plans a "grave provocation."
The liftoff is slated for between April 12 and 16 from a west coast launch pad in North Phyongan province, a spokesman for the Korean Committee for Space Technology said in a statement carried by state media.
The plan comes as North Korea prepares to celebrate the April 15 centenary of the birth of its founder, Kim Il Sung. Kim's grandson, Kim Jong Un, has led the nation of 24 million since his father, Kim Jong Il, died in December.
"The window for the launch is important in terms of the domestic politics of the North," said Daniel Pinkston, an expert on North Korea's weapons programs at the International Crisis Group. He said the launch serves to underline North Korea's military capabilities and reinforce Kim's fledgling rule.
Kim Jong Il began grooming the son to take over as leader after suffering a stroke in 2008. Footage aired Friday on state-run TV showed Kim Jong Un observing the 2009 rocket launch.
Such a launch aims to reinforce unity at home by provoking new tensions that will allow its leadership to portray the country as beset by hostile forces. A third nuclear test could be next, Pinkston said.
The launch also jeopardizes the recent food aid deal with the U.S., he said.
"I can't see how the U.S. is going to deliver this food aid," he said. "I think this is going to kill it."
North Korea agreed last month to suspend uranium enrichment, place a moratorium on nuclear and long-range missile tests, and to allow back U.N. weapons inspectors in exchange for much-needed food aid. Uranium enrichment is one way to make atomic bombs. In the past North Korea has also weaponized plutonium for nuclear devices.
North Korea called the April 2009 launch a bid to send a communications satellite into space, but it was widely viewed in the West as a violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions prohibiting North Korea from engaging in nuclear and ballistic missile activity.
Shortly after the 2009 launch from an east coast station, Pyongyang declared that it would abandon six-nation negotiations on offering the North aid and concessions in exchange for nuclear disarmament. And weeks later, North Korea tested a nuclear device, the second in three years — earning the regime tightened U.N. sanctions.
Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Osamu Fujimura told a news conference Friday that Japan has set up a crisis management taskforce to monitor the situation and is cooperating with the U.S. and South Korea.
"We believe a launch would be a move to interfere with our effort toward a dialogue, and we strongly urge North Korea not to carry out a satellite launch," he said.
North Korea is proud of its nuclear and missile programs, which it claims are necessary to protect itself against the United States, which stations more than 28,000 troops in South Korea and has more troops as well as nuclear-powered warships in the region.
North Korea and the United States fought on opposite sides of the three-year Korean War, which ended in a truce in 1953. They have never signed a peace treaty.
North Korea is believed to have enough weaponized plutonium for four to eight "primitive" atomic bombs, according to scientist Siegfried Hecker of the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. Pyongyang also announced in 2009 that it would begin enriching uranium, and revealed the facility to Hecker in November 2010.
Scientists believe North Korea is working toward building a device small enough to mount on a rocket capable of reaching the United States. The same rocket used for a satellite could be used for a long-range missile.
The North Korean space committee spokesman said a Kwangmyongsong-3 satellite designed to orbit the earth will be mounted on an Unha-3 rocket from the Sohae station in Cholsan County. He called it a "working" satellite that was an improvement over two previous "experimental" satellites.
The spokesman said North Korea would abide by international regulations governing the launch of satellites for "peaceful" scientific purposes and that an orbit was chosen to avoid showering debris on neighboring nations.
North Korea provided similar notice in 2009, but launched the rocket over Japan despite warnings from world leaders that it would set the nation on a path of isolation.
In 2009, North Korea said an experimental communications satellite mounted on a rocket was sent into space playing "Song of Gen. Kim Il Sung" and "Song of Gen. Kim Jong Il."
The U.S. North American Aerospace Defense Command and South Korea's Defense Ministry said no satellite made it into orbit.
South Korea is due to host the Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul in two weeks, and North Korea's nuclear program was expected to be discussed on the sidelines of the gathering of world leaders.


After the last show at Andy's & The Bullfrog Bar we had to bring this amazing band back. They have been performing all over the tri-state area for almost 40 years now. They are definitely the leaders in the area when it comes to Motown and dance music. Reserve your table now. No reservation too big or too small.
As always at Andy's & The Bullfrog Bar. NEVER A COVER CHARGE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Are you a business owner with a need to expand your data centre footprint? Do important queries about optimal site locations, data privacy, downtime, maintenance, and cost efficiencies leave you scratching your head? There are many factors to consider when breaking into the data centre sector and, if you answered yes to the foregoing questions, then the 'Data Centre as a Service' or DCaaS option may be the right solution for you.
Historically, client-owned data centres were the norm and, unfortunately, they came with hefty price tags. With the rise of cloud computing, however, outsourced and DCaaS options have grown in popularity and with good reason. These third-party solutions allow for a streamlined colocation process that leverages the knowledge and expertise of professionals whose sole business is data centre development and maintenance.
From a research and development perspective, considering your options for expansion into unfamiliar territory can be a timely and costly endeavour. Options are limited and there are potential risks associated with new geographies. Full-service data centre companies like Urbacon Data Centre Solutions Inc. (UDCS) have already penetrated these markets and fostered the relationships required to benefit your organization. Our well-established relations with local governments, real estate communities, and power, fibre and network service providers ensure a smooth expansion into new markets, including product alignment and overall efficiencies.
Site selection and building design are crucial factors in the successful operation of any data centre facility. The UDCS team will help you ensure that your facility complies with standards and requirements while limiting risk. Our DCaaS solution guarantees that your facility's design will afford safe operations at full capacity while simultaneously maintaining optimal efficiency and ensuring return on your investment. With guaranteed uptime, on-site operations and maintenance staff and detailed disaster recovery plans, the UDCS DCaaS agreement provides an added layer of reliability and security that may otherwise be unachievable. This model also ensures scalability for the future of your business. UDCS DCaaS agreements allow clients to grow into larger facilities without having to predetermine ultimate capacity requirements.
In the era of the cloud and the Internet of Things, data centre flexibility is pivotal for the prosperous operation of your facilities and our service level agreements (SLAs) are tailored to your business needs and objectives. While some organizations have the ability to house a data room within their own facility, others are not necessarily equipped with the resources or scale to accommodate such equipment and hardware. In addition to this, individual companies which do not have data centres and infrastructure technology as part of their core business may not possess the technical knowledge or wherewithal required to select the best equipment for their purposes. UDCS brings a broad range of expertise in selecting the best computing hardware to suit the needs and goals of your business. Our DCaaS model also allows for direct connection and alignment with the rest of your data centre operations. We maintain partnerships with industry-leading manufacturers and recommend only the best and most reliable options for your safe data storage.
Building and operating your own data centre is a capital expense with substantial financial obligations. The UDCS DCaaS service model manages costs and maintains predictable monthly operating expenses, allowing businesses to focus on investing in their core missions. Our DCaaS option significantly lowers overall IT costs and provides an economically-precise alternative to potentially costly client-owned and operated facilities.
By choosing the UDCS DCaaS model for your data centre operations, the tough questions have already been answered for you. UDCS possesses nearly three decades of international experience in the data centre industry. With this expertise and experience guiding our approach, we offer turn-key solutions for your business, resulting in fixed budgets, competitive operating expenditures, favourable locations, reliable infrastructure, and round-the-clock care. For more information on the UDCS full-service program, visit our website at udcsdatacentres.com.


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Essays > Law and Order in LA?

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Law and Order in LA?

 A local TV station reporter went to a huge produce warehouse and filmed a worker urinating on a platform right next to boxes of fresh lettuce. Rats were shown walking throughout the warehouse and nibbling on the produce. Every day, this produce is distributed to hundreds of unsuspecting restaurants and supermarkets in Los Angeles. LA is changing, all right - for the worse.

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