text:
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Unite the Right Hate Rally in Charlottesville Is an Act of Terrorism
Looking at a Protest Organized Under the Banner of Hate Through the Eyes of Black History
by Kyle J. Howard August 12, 2017, 4:20 pm
Editor's note: Faithfully Magazine reported recently on the Unite the Right gathering of extremists said to be protesting the removal of a Confederate-era statue involving alt-right groups, neo-Confederates, Ku Klux Klan members and neo-Naziis. The Southern Poverty Law Center described the Unite the Right rally, which descended into violence Saturday, as the "largest hate-gathering of its kind in decades in the United States."
I woke up Saturday morning to all the videos and images of the torch-light white supremacy protest held Friday night at the University of Virginia (UVA). I watched as a multitude of white supremacists marched with torches and chanted statements of white supremacy. I couldn't help but to reflect on the past two years and all the pleas and warnings made by Christians of color to alert their White brethren about Trump and what he was emboldening.
"You're overreacting," many said.
"Stop being divisive!" many said.
"You're an agitator and liberal!!" many claimed.
And many more simply said nothing. They continued talking about abortion (which is indeed evil), the economy and Hillary Clinton's emails. They talked about how "all lives matter" and spilt plenty of ink defending statistics to justify insensitivity toward the deaths of unarmed Black men. With all that, many even continued talking about the gospel, all the while not realizing how their silence and indifference in the face of racism made their gospel witness hypocritical. Well, we are now possibly looking at the birth pains of WWIII and, thanks to our president's rhetoric, a revitalized movement of white supremacy.
I understand, for many, these are simply pictures documenting an exercise of free speech. For me, and other people of color, given the history of our country, this is an act of terrorism.
Notice the age of these white supremacists gathered in Charlottesville, Virginia. They are my age. They sit in college classes, you see them in grocery stores, you sit next to them at movie theaters, they may go to your church and even sit in your seminary lectures.
If you listen to the protests, notice how these people posture themselves as victims. White supremacy ALWAYS seeks to justify itself by claiming the victors are victimized and the real victims are the victimizers. White supremacy always seeks to make minorities feel like they are the problem and those who are White are the solution. This re-enforces their power and authority and minimizes the voice of minorities. Also, white supremacy WILL embrace minorities if they can receive some who will help re-enforce that narrative to their fellow minority peoples.
Again, white supremacy ALWAYS seeks to justify itself by claiming the victors are victimized and the real victims are the victimizers. White supremacy always seeks to make minorities feel like they are the problem and those who are White are the solution. This re-enforces their power and authority and minimizes the voice of minorities. It also fuels White racial rage and provides a form of perverted logic that conveys a satanic morality.
These images are surreal. As I look at them, it is as if I am looking through the eyes of my Black ancestors. I am the descendant of slaves. I am the descendant of Civil Rights activists. From slavery to Reconstruction, from the Klu Klux Klan to the Whites who defended Jim Crow—now, behold modern day America
Imprinted on the mind of every generation of Black people is the image of angry White men with torches bellowing out words of white supremacy. The image of White rage is well known by people of color in America, especially African Americans.
Often, Black people are encouraged to consider what this image of White rage represents to be nothing more than a delusion. Last year, many of us were patted on our backs as these same people voted a white supremacist into office, a man who emboldened other white supremacists to come out of the darkness and into the public light.
Personally, I feel like I have walked through a "Rite of Passage." I too, now, have an image that encapsulates white supremacy imprinted on my mind. Well, I have hundreds. But in this one, I feel like I have inherited the eyes of my ancestors. The only question left for me is to ask is: At what age will my son and daughters walk through this "Rite of Passage?" What age will my children be when they inherit the eyes of their father, their father's father, and so on?
If you are not Black, I encourage you to look at these images closely. Look and look and look. After you have looked long and hard and have had these images imprinted onto your mind, close your eyes. Try hard to Imagine the images. If your imagination is vivid enough, for a moment, you may enter into the privilege of looking at America through the eyes of Black history.
Editor's note: A version of this essay was first published at kylejhoward.com.
Kyle J. Howard currently serves the church as a biblical counselor. He is a student at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary where he received his associate degree in biblical/theological studies and a bachelor's degree in biblical counseling. He is finishing a graduate degree in Historical Theology and is preparing to plant and pastor a transcultural church.
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The fact that the Dutch word 'lef' is derived from the Hebrew word for heart and their studio is located in the heart of amsterdam was not the only reason why brothers Arno and Dennis Ruijzenaars and designer Erwin Termaat named their brand LEFF amsterdam. More important to them was that the Dutch meaning of this word stands for doing something that others don't dare to do, like pushing boundaries and going against the grain. Because who in the world would start making clocks these days, while time is all around us? LEFF amsterdam are not artists, but spend their lives in the pursuit of functional beauty.In the tradition of dutch design, they believe that concept is king. Arno: "Well, we would. Because we think clocks are amazing products; they are technical instruments and can be art pieces at the same time. But most of all, because nobody really needs a clock. This challenges us even more to create something beautiful that everyone wants to have. LEFF amsterdam's products are available in the finest stores and museum shops worldwide, such as the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney, Selfridges and Paul Smith in London, Le Bon Marché in Paris, Design Republic in Shanghai and La Rinascente in Milan.
Piet Hein Eek & LEFF amsterdam have joined forces to create this designer black tube bluetooth speaker so you can listen to your favourite songs on the go. This black matt wireless speaker is the newest colour from the popular Tube Range by the Dutch designer.
Crafted from stainless steel the speaker can connect to your mobile phone, tablet or laptop and uses Bluetooth so you can listen to your favourite music. The tube audio has the best components available and gives an extraordinary good sound for such a small object and features a volume adjuster and LED charging indicator.
The LEFF Amsterdam Scope Clock in white is a trendy looking clock with its 12 raised elements. This sculptural wall clock with black hands will look beautiful on your wall.
The twelve tilted segments of the scope play with light and shadow as you pass, every angle offers a new perspective.
Designed by Erwin Termaat, he emphasized the inseparable elements of time and light in the Scope. Time is based on light and darkness and so is the shape of this clock. Twelve elements play with light and darkness as you pass.
This clock comes with a 5 year Guarantee, AA Battery, Japanese Silent Movement and Service pack.
The LEFF Amsterdam Scope Clock in Natural Wood is a beautiful looking clock with its 12 raised elements. This sculptural wall clock made from wood will look beautiful on your wall.
The twelve tilted segments of the scope play with light and shadow as you pass every angle offers a new perspective. The wooden interpretation of the scope was created by Erwin Termaat in 2016, five years after it was originally designed in 2011.
The trendy silver Block alarm clock with white face and black index by LEFF amsterdam is a modern timepiece to sit beside your bed. This trendy silver alarm clock looks stylish but also help to wake you every morning.
This lovely block alarm clock fuses aesthetics and functionality.The clock design is simple, but with a lot of surprising details. At night the fluorescent hands will become visible and the whole dial can be lit up by pushing the snooze button on top.
Designed by Erwin Termaat it comes with a 5 year Guarantee, AA Battery, Japanese Silent Movement and Service pack.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex Tube Watch S38 is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this wristwatch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The Tube watch features a stainless steel link bracelet and 38mm stainless steel case.
LEFF amsterdam believes that life's too beautiful for dull design and boring basics: 'less of the same, more of the different'. All LEFF products are designed by international designers, developed with personality and style and the utmost attention to durability and quality.
Also available in Steel or Black, either colour showing a different interpretation of the iconic watch face.
See further listings for alternatives.
Also available in Steel or Brass, either colour showing a different interpretation of the iconic watch face.
The Tube watch features a stainless steel link bracelet and is available in two sizes; 38mm & 42mm stainless steel case.
Also available in Black or Brass, either colour showing a different interpretation of the iconic watch face.
The LEFF amsterdam Tube Watch D38 is part of the Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. A trendy unisex watch with Stainless steel face and black leather strap.
Ideal for woman or a man.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex Tube Watch D38 is part of the Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. This black face with black leather strap watch has an contemporary industrial style.
The black watch face is surrounded by a serrated ring with cog-like indentations and protrusions that indicate the hours. The hour and minute indicators of the watch are integrated into a cylindrical casing rather than printed on the face.
The Tube watch features a black leather strap and 38mm stainless steel case.
LEFF amsterdam believes that life is too beautiful for dull design and boring basics. LEFF products are designed by international designers, developed with personality and style and the utmost attention to durability and quality.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex Tube Watch D38 is part of the Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. This trendy watch comes with brass face and black leather strap and has an industrial edge.
The Tube watch features a black leather strap and 38mm brass case and is suitable for men and women.
The LEFF amsterdam Tube Watch D38 is part of the Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. This industrial style unisex watch comes with brass face and brown leather strap.
The Tube watch features a brown leather strap and 38mm brass case and is suitable for men and women.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex Tube Watch D38 is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this wristwatch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The Tube watch features a brown leather strap and 38mm stainless steel case.
Alternative case colour and watch strap available, either colour shows a different interpretation of the iconic watch face.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex Tube Watch D38 is part of the Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. This trendy watch comes with black face and brown leather strap and has an industrial edge.
The Tube watch features a brown leather strap and 38mm black case and is suitable for men and women.
The LEFF amsterdam Tube Watch is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this watch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The Tube watch features a 42mm stainless steel case and leather strap.
The LEFF amsterdam D42 Tube Watch is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this watch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The LEFF amsterdam S42 Chrome Tube Watch is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this watch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The LEFF amsterdam S42 Tube Watch is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this watch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The LEFF amsterdam unisex S42 BrassTube Watch is part of the new Tube collection designed by Piet Hein Eek. The precisely cut ring and high quality materials give this wristwatch its refined, yet tough and industrial character.
The Tube watch features a stainless steel link bracelet and 42mm stainless steel case.
The LEFF amsterdam Inverse Mirror Clock designed by Richard Hutton has more to it than meets the eye. The clock face is formed by the see-through shape in the mirror, which also creates a window that reveals the hands.
By turning the dial, the 12 position of the clock can be changed and this clever feature allows the Inverse to be hung vertically, horizontially or casually leant against a wall.
The warmth of solid oak stands in contrast to the cold appearance of the mirror, making this object suitable for any space.
LEFF amsterdam believes that life's too beautiful for dull design and boring basics: 'less of the same, more of the different'. All LEFF products are designed by international designers, developed with personality and style and the utmost attention to durability and quality. LEFF amsterdam focuses on the whole concept: the high quality wall clocks have a silent Japanese or German movement and every clock comes with a service pack. This pack makes it possible to care for and install your clock right after the purchase, no surprises.
Piet Hein Eek & LEFF amsterdam have joined forces to create this super stylish steel metal tube Bluetooth speaker so you can listen to music anywhere in your home. This designer wireless speaker is encased in a slender metal tube and matches the Dutch designer's Tube clock so they can sit beside each other in your bedroom, office or living area.
Piet Hein Eek & LEFF amsterdam have designed this trendy copper metal tube shape Bluetooth speaker so you can listen to music anywhere you desire. This contemporary designer tube wireless copper speaker is encased in a slender metal tube and matches the Dutch designer's Tube clock so they can sit beside each other in your bedroom, office or living area.
Crafted from copper plated steel the speaker can connect to your mobile phone, tablet or laptop and uses Bluetooth so you can listen to your favourite music. The tube audio has the best components available and gives an extraordinary good sound for such a small object and features a volume adjuster and LED charging indicator.
The trendy steel tube index clock by LEFF amsterdam & Piet Hein Eek features a tube and an extrusion ring. A perfect idea to decorate your office table or shelf with this simple tube clock to make a statement in a silent way.
For the tube clock, Piet Hein Eek's starting point was a tube and an extrusion ring. Extrusion moulding is a design technique involving forcing aluminium, or paste for example, through a mould, the extrusion profile is what gives the material its shape.
Piet devised a ring like that for the design of the clock face. We could not believe that such a thing did not already exist. It's such a simple idea. we searched like mad, but it had not yet been done. Often, a good idea can be surprisingly simple. The simplest solutions have not yet been invented.
This clock could have been designed a century ago. It is actually a textbook example of the Dutch mentality: the idea of keeping things normal and down-to Earth.
LR44 battery, cleaning cloth, instruction manual included.
Available in Copper and Brass as well.
The contemporary copper tube index clock by LEFF amsterdam & Piet Hein Eek features a tube and an extrusion ring. A modern way to decorate your desk or shelf with this simple tube clock to make a statement in a silent smooth way.
For the copper tube clock, Piet Hein Eek's starting point was a tube and an extrusion ring. Extrusion moulding is a design technique involving forcing aluminium, or paste for example, through a mould, the extrusion profile is what gives the material its shape.
Piet devised a ring like that for the design of the clock face. We could not believe that such a thing did not already exist. It's such a simple idea. we searched like mad, but it had not yet been done. Often, a good idea can be surprisingly simple. The simplest solutions have not yet been invented. This clock could have been designed a century ago. It is actually a textbook example of the Dutch mentality: the idea of keeping things normal and down-to Earth.
Available in Brass and Steel as well.
The funky brass tube index clock by LEFF amsterdam & Piet Hein Eek features a tube and an extrusion ring. A stylish way to decorate your office table or shelf with this simple tube clock to make a statement in a silent smooth way.
Available in Copper and Steel as well.


text:
Cultivating a robust app ecosystem
Enzo Avigo
Product Manager, Intercom
@0zne
Gabriel Anca Corral
Product Engineer, Intercom
@gabanca
Main illustration: Celia Jacobs
Building an app ecosystem is a big challenge, as we all know, but what does the long, hard work of maintaining that ecosystem look like?
For the past year, we've been focused on cultivating a robust, enduring ecosystem of apps for the Intercom App Store. One of the problems we've been trying to address is the case of apps that break break or become non-functioning. We were trying to find a single, overarching solution to the problem.
Luckily, we had a breakthrough last year when Enzo visited a gorgeous abbey in Connemara in the west of Ireland. As he tells it:
While visiting I took a walk in the lovely Victorian garden that belongs to the abbey, and I noticed a gardener with his truck full of tools. The gardener was moving from one plot of the garden to another, swapping between tools to clean or structure things on the plots.
The amount of care he put into these plants was catching, and the structure of the Victorian garden was slowly revealed to me: vegetables, fruits, and citrus fruits on one side, spices on another, flowers and bushes to join the two sides. Even a small stream of natural water that needed to be taken care of. That's about the moment I began asking myself a number of questions about gardens… and app ecosystems.
"How did they keep such 'high quality and usability' for a garden more than a hundred years old?"
To understand why, you have to appreciate that the abbey is shut away from any large city. Watching this gardener carefully tending this garden, it made me wonder, how did they keep such 'high quality and usability' for a garden more than a hundred years old, where carrying any equipment is expensive, and the climate of Connemara is complex?
Has the garden kept an unchanged structure and the same variety of plants throughout the years? How easy is it to keep such high quality plants, and how do they improve the garden over time? So when the gardener ended up next to me I couldn't help but ask:
"Excuse me, I have a question about the garden if that's alright with you?"
"Sure, what's on your mind?" said the gardener.
"How did you keep the garden so vivid after all these years?"
"We had to provide, adapt, and evolve unique treatments for every single plant. You really can't apply the same things over time as plants grow and climate varies every year."
"Seriously? How do you do that?"
"We assess the plants' health every week. We then note down their status and adapt their treatment week over week if needed. It's a ton of work."
It sounded like a rather simple insight, but it helped us forge a breakthrough in how we tackled the issue of app health in our own ecosystem. This perfect garden has been delighting visitors for so many years, yet so many of those visitors completely underestimate the manual gardening work behind it. To anyone that doesn't understand the system (gardening), maintaining the plant "ecosystem" sounds simple. In reality, it requires significant time and effort and a constantly evolving process to maintain the high quality of the garden.
"Just as plants can get sick or start dying, apps can break down"
Our realization was that just as plants can get sick or start dying, apps can break down, and a large part of the work of cultivating the ecosystem needs to be diagnosing problems as soon as possible. It's our responsibility to tend our ecosystem and ensure the high quality and usability of it. This was our journey.
Intercom's app ecosystem
Our partners build great apps that allow our customers to integrate Intercom with their existing tech stacks. This delivers significant value to our customers, including helping them save precious time. Today there are more than 200 apps available in our App Store.
Intercom's garden: its App Store 🏡
These apps work in various ways. They can integrate with Intercom's data or more embedded UI components – for instance, within our core products: Inbox, Messenger, and Bots. All together they form an app ecosystem.
The problem about app ecosystems that no one talks about
Often, within an app ecosystem, there are a number of apps that are not working correctly. This creates ongoing issues for the customers who use them. We describe these apps as being in "unhealthy" states. To explore the problem further, we identified and quantified the three main unhealthy states:
The token for an app has expired or was revoked. We cannot communicate with the third party anymore.
The settings of the third party have changed and the app can't reliably guess the choices made there.
A third party launched an update which requires new permissions.
We noticed all these problems had one thing in common: a customer needs to take action to fix the situation.
What's more? These problems are fairly common – they happen as other platforms evolve their product and will keep happening. For instance, whenever Facebook updates their security permissions, millions of partners around the world may be impacted.
While we cannot prevent these problems from happening, we can fix them intelligently.
Designing an app check system
We started to investigate powerful yet simple ways to solve this problem and settled on three product principles:
Build a cohesive end-to-end experience that's not only informative but also actionable.
We did not want to rethink the experience, but rather improve our current flows where customers and partners already interact with apps.
Start small, potentially at a specific app level.
To that end, we crafted a system that requests the app's status for every workspace they're currently being used in.
The app verifies that everything works correctly and responds indicating if the installation is functioning or not, together with an informative message.
Creating an engaging experience
Next, we identified four principles to deliver against these product principles:
Simplify complexity: It's very hard – if not impossible – to predict all of the ways in which apps can become non-functioning. Our system should be flexible enough to absorb and translate this complexity into a two-click solution.
Provide meaningful context: We needed our apps to explain precisely what was going on.
Provide clear action: Our solution had to guide users with simple steps.
Feel safe: Apps require access to sensitive information, so we wanted to mitigate any risk in this regard.
When an app is broken or non-functioning, we inform the right admins by email about the problem they face with their app.
Our customers are then brought to the specific app listing where:
We display specific details about what's breaking.
We recommend direct steps to fix the problem.
It takes our customers two clicks to be informed about and fix potential issues with their apps.
We discovered in practice that the notifications we sent to users with apps in "unhealthy states" are 2.5x more effective at generating active users than efforts to acquire entirely new app users.
Travel around and discover your garden
Tending individual plants rather than thinking that all the plants can survive in the same way was the best approach for us. It aligned with our platform mission to help our customers and partners be successful with integrations. And finally, we recommend traveling around and discovering your own metaphorical garden – who knows where inspiration may spring from.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As has been my tradition, every sermon that I preach will be posted here. This sermon, Grace Through our Weakness, was given at The Salvation Army Rochester on Sunday July 8, 2018. The Reading was 2 Corinthians 12:2-10.
Who here is celebrating a birthday today? No one? Are you sure? I have a list of Birthdays here, let me see who's on it.
As has been my tradition, every sermon that I preach will be posted here. This sermon, The Gift of Grace, was given at The Salvation Army Devonport on Sunday 21 September, 2014. The Reading was Matthew 20:1-16.
, with all the trimmings. It was this that kept him going through college. He pushed through every class, he studied hard every night and passed his exams, and eventually came to graduation. He got up on stage, got his paper, and after the ceremony, his dad came over to him and handed him a present. He opened up the present, hoping to see the keys to his new car, but instead, what he found was a bible.
He was furious. He said to his dad, "I've spent four years working as hard as I can, to get the grades to let me pass, and all you give me at the end of it is this stupid book!" He marched off home, and threw the book in the corner of his room, never even opening it. He never talked to his father again.


text:
The Worlds of S. An-sky
A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century
Edited by Gabriella Safran and Steven J. Zipperstein
SERIES: Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture
30% off with code JAN2020
Cloth ISBN: 9780804745277
Paper ISBN: 9780804753449
CITE THIS BOOK
Excerpts and More
Literary Studies / Jewish
History / Jewish
Winner of the 2008 Fenia and Yaakov Leviant Memorial Prize, sponsored by the Modern Language Association.
Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport, known as An-sky (1863-1920), the author of the best known play in the Hebrew and Yiddish languages, "The Dybbuk," was a figure of immense versatility and also ambiguity in Russian and Jewish intellectual, literary, and political spheres. He was a leading Russian populist; he was the author of the poem adopted as the anthem of the Jewish Socialist Labor Bund; he is credited with being the founder of the field of Jewish ethnography; and he wrote one of the most influential works of Jewish catastrophe literature in modern times, his masterpiece "Hurbn Galitsye," on the travails of East European Jews in the First World War.
This volume is the most complete examination of An-sky ever produced. It draws together leading historians, ethnographers, literary scholars, and others in a far-ranging, multidisciplinary exploration. It also contains numerous photographs culled from archives in the former Soviet Union, a superb English translation of an early Russian draft—among the very first—of "The Dybbuk," and a timeline that covers all of An-sky's peripatetic life. Finally, it includes a compact disk combining material drawn from An-sky's own 1912-14 field recordings of Jewish songs, together with contemporary renditions, recorded at Stanford, of the Russian and Yiddish music that An-sky wrote, collected, and heard.
Includes a CD of An-sky's music,, in Russian and Yiddish
Gabriella Safran is Associate Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at Stanford University. She is the author of the prize-winning book Rewriting the Jew: Assimilation Narratives in the Russian Empire (Stanford University Press, 2000). Steven J. Zipperstein is the Daniel E. Koshland Professor in Jewish Culture and History and Director of the Taube Center for Jewish Studies at Stanford University. He has published widely on modern Jewish history, and he is at work on a cultural history of East European and Russian Jewry from the eighteenth century to the present.
"This is a splendid collection, outstandingly well produced and deserving of a wide readership within and outside the world of Russian and Russian-Jewish studies."
—Slavic and East European Journal
"Collections of conference papers rarely generate the kind of dramatic tension that we find in this book... Editors Safran and Zipperstein have lifted An-sky from [a] subordinate position and situated him at the center of a sub-field of Slavic-Jewish studies."
"[The] articles in this fascinating edited volume... deal with what could be called An-sky's Jewish world, the world in which as a leading intellectual, playwright, ethnographer, and public activist, he made his greatest impact."
"This text will prove invaluable to scholars, both as a reference guide on An-sky as a historic and literary text on a remarkable man and the period in which he lived. General readers with an interest in Russian or Jewish history, culture, and literature will find that this text is readily accessible and enthralling to read."
—History in Reviewx
"A volume of great value. Readers approaching the book knowing nothing of An-sky will find much to hold their attention and will leave it well informed. Readers well-versed in An-sky's work and familiar with the relevant scholarship will find a great deal to chew on as well. Also, the addition of the translated text of The Dybbuk and the music CD makes the more affordable paperback edition a valuable teaching tool."
—H-Net Reviews
"This volume is an extraordinary accomplishment. In addition to providing an invaluable resource on An-sky, it also has ramifications for the study of Rusisan and East-European Jewry and Russian and East-European Jewish culture beyond An-sky and his work. Its own expansive and inclusive vision should provide a model for scholars working in this and related fields."
Figures and Maps
Preface and Acknowledgments
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Alan Mintz
Desert in the Promised Land
Yael Zerubavel
Reading Israel, Reading America
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Stepchildren of the Shtetl
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The Marriage Plot
Naomi Seidman
The Border and the Line
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Tubercular Capital
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Bad Rabbi
Eddy Portnoy
The Converso's Return
Dalia Kandiyoti
German as a Jewish Problem
Marc Volovici
The Light of the Eyes
Rabbi Menahem Nahum of Chernobyl Translation, Introduction, and Commentary by Arthur Green
Education and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe and the United States
Edited by Richard Breen and Walter Müller
10% Less Democracy
Garett Jones
A Miscarriage of Justice
Cassia Roth
Regulating Human Research
Sarah Babb


text:
Q: Python output to terminal during ssh login I have been looking everywhere for this and have not found a solution. I am using python 2.5.1 on an Apple iPod and I am trying to connect to a host with SSH. First I start off with import os. Next I
os.system('ssh 192.168.1.13). After this command is executed I next try to os.system('password'). This does not work and SSH asks for the password, after I exit the SSH session then my password is printed. Is there any way that I can get it so that it sends the password to SSH? I don't want to add any other modules to python. Thanks!
Complete file:
import os

os.system('ssh 192.168.1.13')
os.system('password')

A: take a look at pexpect, it should do the trick in the manner you expect it.
Example from the docs:
child = pexpect.spawn('scp foo myname@host.example.com:.')
child.expect ('Password:')
child.sendline (mypassword)

Yes, that's yet another module.. but the cleanest way to accomplish what you want.

A: Or use passwordless, passphraseless ssh: http://stromberg.dnsalias.org/~strombrg/ssh-keys.html
No additional module required.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The competitive and fast pace life throws varied kinds for stressors on everyone – whether it is increase in working hours, high demand on quality of work, pressure to manage relationship with unfriendly people or simply waking at early hours in the morning just to reach office on time, especially when you advocate beauty sleep. Stress is packed in all small and big things in life but it is not always a bad thing.
However, stress creates hiccups in life when demands of life weigh above once capacity to cope with the increased commitments. Challenges help us to grow and look beyond our comfort zone but if this goes beyond control, pampering oneself become essential to stay focused and walk ahead in the path of success.
Varied healing treatments are available to rejuvenate and release the pressures and tensions of life; one such effective therapy that Spa Genie explored is offered at the Cool Aroma Gentleman's Spa in Dubai called Healing Hilot, a traditional Filipino massage treatment that targets the body's deep tissues promoting healing of damaged muscles.
The therapy starts with masseur evaluating parts of the energy imbalance in the body, and with deep pressure, firm kneading and gentle strokes the masseur works on the body to treat sore and stiff muscles, relieve pain and remove any toxins. The therapy incorporates the use of wonderful herbal oils, which consist of special herbal extracts that absorb into the body and reduces inflammation and muscle pain significantly. The miraculous therapy is effective on the veins, bones and muscles The medicinal plants, such as various herbs and banana leaves, which is a natural ionizer, helps to recover balance and harmony to the body.
The massage helps in relieving stress, eliminates physical tension and pain, evokes a feeling of comfort, softens hardened formations in areas of cartilage, tendons and muscles, and allows good blood circulation in all muscle cells, eliminating physical tension and pain.
Do not eat heavy, fatty food.
Have you ever experienced the benefits of Hilot Massage, if yes, share your experiences with us by using the comment box below!


text:
The Glogova massacre was the mass murder of 64 Bosniak civilians by Serb forces, consisting of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), Bratunac Territorial Defence (TO), local police, and paramilitaries from Serbia, on 9 May 1992. Miroslav Deronjić, the head of the "Bratunac Municipal Board" established by the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia for ordering the massacre.

Background
Village Glogova is located in the Bratunac municipality near Srebrenica in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1991, the village had 1,913 residents, including 1,901 identified as Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks), six as Bosnian Serbs, four as Yugoslavs, one as a Bosnian Croat and one as "other".

Massacre
On 9 May 1992, Serb forces, composed of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), Bratunac Territorial Defence, the local police, and Serbian paramilitary, entered Glogova, attacking the unarmed and defenseless village. The villagers were rounded up at the village's center and while in progress a number were killed. After being gathered, a group of about 19 Bosniak men were executed at the center. The attackers then made other Bosniaks carry and throw these and other bodies into a river. After doing so they were forced near the river and executed as well. Another group of about 20 Bosniak men were gathered at the village's market and then marched to the river and executed. A total of 64 Bosniak civilians were killed in the massacre and a number were forcibly displaced. A significant portion of Glogova was demolished including houses owned by Bosniaks, the village's mosque, and other private property.

Trial
On 4 July 2002, an indictment and arrest warrant were filed against Miroslav Deronjić, the head of the SDS-established "Bratunac Municipal Board", by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) captured him shortly afterwards. On 10 July 2002, he pleaded not guilty to all charges of the first indictment. On 30 September 2003, he entered a plea deal and "accepted without any reservation full responsibility for the crimes". He was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the ICTY. The sentence was criticized by dissenting Judge Wolfgang Schomburg as inadequate for the "heinous and long-planned crimes" committed and argued that he should have received a sentence of "no less than twenty years." He also criticized the prosecution for focusing only Deronjić's involvement in Glogova which he considered a part of "a larger criminal plan." Deronjić died of natural causes on 19 May 2007.

See also
 List of massacres in Bosnia and Herzegovina

References

Srebrenica
Massacres in 1992
Massacres in the Bosnian War
Massacres of Bosniaks
Bosnian genocide
Serbian war crimes in the Bosnian War
1992 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
May 1992 events in Europe
May 1992 crimes
Anti-Muslim violence in Europe
Massacres of Muslims

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import sys

from .xcspec import *

class XCSpecBuildSystem(xcspec):

    def __init__(self, spec_data):
        super(XCSpecBuildSystem, self).__init__(spec_data);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This presentation template 45985 is complete compatible with Google Slides. Just download PPTX and open the theme in Google Slides. Template, designed in vibrant saturated shades, will capture recipients' attention and make a splash, sticking in memory. Multicolored arrows reflect organizational performance measures as well as symbolize career growth and development. Presentation, created with the help of given layout, will leave an imperishable impression and surpass all expectations winning recognition.


An international initiative to spread one-of-a-kind seventeen-syllabled slivers of beauty to the masses.
228 backers pledged $5,276 to help bring this project to life.
1000 Haiku 1000 Strangers believes that everyone deserves to be the subject of a work of art.
1000 Haiku 1000 Strangers will celebrate the duality of life's simultaneous interrelatedness and uniqueness through creating 1000 varied works with shared themes but individualized words.
1000H 1000S will produce 1000 unique haiku, then create them in 1000 different ways--through methods like photography, needle work, stenciling, installation, to name a few. No single haiku, nor its method of creation, will be duplicated. Before mailing one to each of the first 1000 addresses received for this project, every haiku will be documented and entered into an online and publicly accessible database.
Each haiku's content and its method of delivery will be completely up to chance. 1000H 1000S Project wisely advises us to learn to rejoice in the beauty of what cannot be controlled.
1000 Haiku 1000 Strangers wants to go as far as you're willing to take it. Out of the country, off this continent, into space (haiku-inscribed space shuttle, anyone?) Send a haiku to yourself, to a beloved, to a neighbor, to an acquaintance, to a complete stranger. The haikus don't need to know the person they're going to, so why should you?
*Some contemporaries debate the number of syllables in English that should equate the 17 moras in Japanese, but this isn't a linguistics project, is it.
Any pledge under $15 will give you access to the 1000 Haiku 1000 Stranger photo database documenting every haiku produced, plus a small limited edition print of a haiku.
Every donor who gives $15 or more dollars can receive a personal haiku. Seriously, only 15 dollars gets you the unique firing of synapses to create a haiku that will then be mailed to you or the person of choice. Woah. A mindblowingly perfect gift for a loved one---or a stranger.
Lucky $25 donor gets you two individually crafted haiku, plus a haiku from the limited edition series.
For $100, I'll take some risks with your specially written haiku. No specifics, but it might be something bigger, something public, probably skirting on the edges of legality.
Take the reward from the $100 box, and multiply it times five.
For such a big spender, you'll get all the fun stuff of the $500 dollar donor, but I will also tattoo a haiku of your choice on to my body (but i get to choose the font).


text:
Measles cases and outbreaks : January 1 to May 29, 2015
[PNG-22.15 KB]
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Division of Viral Diseases.
Disease Outbreaks/United States
173 cases reported in 2` states and the District of Columbia: Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington.
5 outbreaks respresenting 97% of reported cases this year.
urn:sha256:2c269532d8291105ac38475a0d745ed7b0f680d11002dc75a129db4c31b5a2c4
Measles — United States, January 1–May 23, 2014
Gastañaduy, Paul A.; Redd, Susan B.; Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker; Rota, Jennifer S.; Rota, Paul A.; Bellini, William J.; Seward, Jane F.; Wallace, Gregory S.;
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63(22):496-499.
Measles is a highly contagious, acute viral illness that can lead to serious complications and death. Although measles elimination (i.e., interruption of year-round endemic transmission) was declared in the United States in 2000, importations of meas...
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 65, no. 1, January 15, 2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report ; v. 65, no. 1
Acute Gastroenteritis on Cruise Ships — United States, 2008–2014 -- Sudden Deaths Among Oil and Gas Extraction Workers Resulting from Oxygen Deficiency and Inhalation of Hydrocarbon Gases and Vapors — United States, January 2010–March 2015 --...
Post-Ebola Measles Outbreak in Lola, Guinea, January–June 20151
Suk, Jonathan E.; Jimenez, Adela Paez; Kourouma, Mamadou; Derrough, Tarik; Baldé, Mamadou; Honomou, Patric; Kolie, Nestor; Mamadi, Oularé; Tamba, Kaduono; Lamah, Kalaya; Loua, Angelo; Mollet, Thomas; Lamah, Molou; Camara, Amara Nana; Prikazsky, Vladimir;
Emerg Infect Dis. 22(6):1106-1108.
During public health crises such as the recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, breakdowns in public health systems can lead to epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases. We report here on an outbreak of measles in the prefecture of L...
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 37, no. 4, February 5, 1988
Centers for Disease Control (U.S.)
Measles--United States, first 26 weeks, 1987 -- Semen banking, organ and tissue transplantation, and HIV antibody testing -- Acute respiratory illness among cruise-ship passengers—Asia – Influenza update—United States -- Table I. Summary-cases ...
Death investigation--United States, 1987.-- Impact of homicide on years of potential life lost in Michigan's black population.-- Measles prevention: supplementary statement. -- Epidemiology in Action course. -- Update: Haemophilus influenzae Type b v...


MyTop 3 Series is back, this time with Lipsticks. Choosing only 3 lipsticks was really hard. I really emphasized the formula but these are also my favourite shades from each specific lipstick line. You'll notice I clearly lean towards more rosy colours.
I always get compliments whenever I wear this lipstick. I really believe these are the best matte lipsticks at the drugstore and are good enough to rival any high-end matte lipstick. They are super comfortable, opaque and creamy. However, due to their creaminess they don't last as long as other matte lipsticks.
This is my favourite everyday lipstick. I'd describe it as halfway between a creamy lipstick and a lip balm. It feels really nourishing on the lips but it takes a few swipes to build up the colour. It's so comfortable, it doesn't feel like you're wearing anything on your lips. It's also drugstore so you know the price tag is reasonable. Plus they smell so yummy!
Last but certainly not least. I know I've raved about the formula of these a lot recently but it's really that good. It is super opaque with just one swipe, it's super long lasting and very comfortable. I don't have a bad thing to say about it except for the steep price tag, however I think it's worth the money.
Monthly Favourites Time! It's been a while since I did a monthly favourites post. November was a very strange month for me as I didn't have school (long story- not by choice), so I didn't wear a lot of makeup. However the Sephora VIB sale allowed me to get some new products.
I needed a new foundation and the lovely woman at Sephora helped me pick this one out (finding a foundation that comes in my snowy-white shade is not easy so extra points to UD). I love how it doesn't feel like you're wearing foundation but it's still buildable enough to give you good coverage. It also doesn't stick to my dry patches and allows my skin to still look natural which is literally all I'm looking for in a foundation. The downside is it smells, quite literally, like paint.
This is a nail polish I got in my Ipsy bag. It's super opaque with only one coat and surprisingly long lasting. I've been wearing it a bunch this month. It looks especially festive with a glittery gold top coat.
This a a perfect everyday lipstick for me. The shade looks really natural and the formula is super comfortable and long lasting. I know I've talked a lot about Marc Jacobs lipsticks on my blog but it's got to be one of my favourite formulas.
This is another product I received in an Ipsy bag. I really love this concealer pencil for covering up spots. It's thick and has high coverage which makes it perfect for concealing small problem areas.
What were your November Favourites?
Make sure you're also following me on Instagram and Twitter where I have lots of holiday themed posts and mini reviews!
It's another month and another Ipsy bag. I was actually happy with everything I got in this month's bag which is fairly rare. The bag itself is also cute! It's a dark navy and gold.
I really like the brushes from this brand so I was excited to see this in my bag. This is an extremely soft brush and it applies just a little bit of product at a time so I've been liking it to apply highlighter. This brush is travel size and retails for $16.
I haven't been a fan of the other Skone products I've recieved in bags before but this brow pencil pleasantly surprised me. The shade is perfect with my dark brown hair and it comes with a brush on the other end which is convenient. I find the triangle shaped tip takes a little getting used to, but overall it's a good long lasting brow pencil. This is full size and retails for $18.
I've never heard of this brand before and I'm usually not a fan of cream products but this highlighter is pretty good. On my pale skin, it works a little bit better as a blush topper as the peach is a little dark for my cheekbones. It gives a nice glow and the texture isn't sticky. This is a sample size but full size, it retails for $18.
I always love getting high end brands in my Ipsy bags. I've actually used this mascara before and while I love the brush and how it makes my lashes look, I find it smudges on me so I'll probably give this one away. This travel size which retails for an astonishing $15.
Another higher end product. I have very fine hair so hair oils are tricky for me but this one didn't make my hair too oily. It also didn't make too much of a difference so I'll need to use it a bit more to determine how I feel about it. This is a sample size but the full size retails for $16.
This is probably the best value bag I've gotten. I've calculated it to have over $55 worth of product!
My collection has grown and changed since the last time I showed my makeup collection so I thought it was time I did an update. Just in case it isn't obvious to anyone, I am NOT trying to brag about my makeup. I love to be nosy and look at other people's makeup collections so I thought I would share mine for all you other nosy people out there. I know I have a lot of makeup, I am lucky and have received much of it as gifts from family and friends. I also save up my money and mostly only spend it on makeup. I have attached links for the products I have reviewed in the past.
The last time I showed my makeup storage was over a year ago and I've made quite a few changes to how I organize my makeup since then. If you want to take a trip down memory lane you can see how my makeup storage used to look here.
The point of this post is to share how I organize my makeup and maybe give some tips on how to store your makeup. I also made the brands/companies clickable so it's easier for you to shop the storage options for yourself. Come back next week for my updated makeup collection posts.
I'll start with my vanity which I got from Bed, Bath and Beyond (I think my exact model is discontinued but I found a similar one). It has a tri-fold mirror and a fake marble counter top as well as a drawer and a cupboard for storage. I added the vanity lights on top.
I used a file organizer from Staples to display my eyeshadow palettes. Not only is this a good way to store them, I also am more inclined to use them because they're all in my line of sight.
I got the hexagon shaped rose gold dish from Urban Outfitters and I use it to store my everyday skincare (and my little rose gold bunny). I got the 3 drawer organizer from Amazon and I use it to store my highlighters and cheek palettes (top), blushes (middle), bronzer and cream blush (bottom). I bought the vase, stones and flower from Michael's.
My eyeliners are held in a purple flower pot that I filled with clear beads. I store (most) my lipsticks in this acrylic holder from the dollar store but you can also find them on Amazon. Behind that I keep my larger blush palettes. My eyeshadow sticks and lip pencils are stored in this rose gold candle holder from Anthropologie.
I converted this flower pot I found in a hardware store into a brush holder. I filled each side with clear beads so the brushes will stand up. I don't have a link for this one but it's really easy to convert any small flower pot. I especially like this one because it has a distressed vintage look and a way to separate my face and eye brushes.
I got my two-sided vanity mirror from Hudson's Bay. I got my everyday makeup bag from Milly Green. I painted an Ikea container (similar but different lid) with Rose Gold paint to keep my cotton pads and Q-tips.
In my vanity drawer I keep my most used eyeshadow palettes (itCosmetics, Too Faced, Naked Basics 1&2), my least used/small eyeshadow palettes and my contacts on the left. I keep my single shadows in this organizer from Bed, Bath and Beyond.
In my side cupboard I use this mesh drawer from Bed, Bath and Beyond to keep my foundations and various beauty tools in the first section, less used skincare in the second section, and my samples and less used makeup in the back.
On the bottom shelf of the cupboard I keep my lip products in this 4 drawer organizer from Bed, Bath and Beyond. I organize them by colour from Left to Right- Purples/Plums, Reds/Oranges, Pinks and finally Nudes. I keep lips scrubs and lip balms on top.
I hope you enjoyed this look at how I organize and store my makeup. Do you have any good organization or storage tips?
I wanted to do a really warm autumn eyeshadow look that incorporates lots of reds and oranges. This is what I came up with. This look can be done with any similar shadows.
I started with Sunset and Sunrise from the itCosmetics Naturally Pretty Palette. I took Sunrise, the matte brownish orange shade, and buffed that messily in my crease, almost to the brow bone. I then took Sunrise, the matte reddish shade, and took a more precise crease brush and applied that directly into the crease.
All over the lid I used the shade Spice Market, a reddish cranberry from Nomad. I used Mac Fix+ to make the shadow more pigmented and bright. Using my finger I then pressed a gold shadow (I used one from Sonia Kashuk) right in the middle of the lid.
I mixed Spice Market and the gold shadow and smudged that along my lower lashline. I finished up the look with Jordana Liquid Liner and Tarte Lights Camera Lashes Mascara.
What's your favourite makeup look for autumn?


1) Cream butter and sugar together. Add eggs and vanilla. Stir in flour, oats, baking soda, nutmeg, cinnamon and salt; mix well. Stir in raisins.
2) Drop dough with a tablespoon in small balls at 1 1/2 inches apart on baking sheets lined with parachment paper.
3) Bake at 350 F for 10 - 12 minutes.


text:
Groups, Families, Lucifenian Royal Family,
The Lucifenian Royal Family[note 1], formerly known as the d'Autriche Family[note 2], was the royal lineage that ruled the Kingdom of Lucifenia. It previously governed the region as one of the families of the Five Dukes in the Beelzenian Empire. Following the Lucifenian Revolution, the royal family was removed from power.
In service to the Beelzenian Imperial Family, the d'Autriches were granted titles of nobility and included as among the families of the Five Dukes, reigning over the Lucifenia region. In EC 399, the Duke of the time declared independence from the declining Beelzenian Empire and established the Kingdom of Lucifenia, dubbing himself King Lucifenia I.[1]
During the ensuing decades, the Lucifenian Royal Family successfully ruled and greatly expanded the Yellow Country's national power. Sometime during the early EC 470s, part of the family was killed in a carriage accident in the Millennium Tree Forest; soon after, Prince Arth's soul was transplanted into a mud doll. Transformed into a golem, the young man was crowned king and invaded both Beelzenia and Asmodean, securing Lucifenia more territory.[2]
Around EC 473, Prince Arth married Anne Swee. Around EC 482, Arth entered an affair with Queen Prim Marlon after failing to have children with his wife, unknowingly impregnating her with a daughter. On December 27, EC 485, Arth and Anne sired Prince Alexiel and Princess Riliane. In the late EC 480s, the royal family agreed to betroth Riliane to King Kyle of Marlon.[3]
In EC 491, Arth died of the Gula disease plaguing Beelzenia. As a political dispute erupted over his true heir, the twins were separated, Alexiel being publicly declared dead after an assassination attempt while being adopted by the Captain of the Royal Guard. Afterward, Anne was accepted as the sovereign until Riliane came of age.[4]
In January of EC 499, Anne died of Gula and Princess Riliane took over her mother's rule while Prince Alexiel returned as her servant;[5] afterward, the princess imposed heavy taxes on the citizens. In EC 500, Riliane ordered the invasion of the Kingdom of Elphegort and its female Elphe population slaughtered in response to King Kyle rejecting their betrothal in favor of an Elphe lover.[6]
During the Lucifenian Revolution later that year, the tyrant princess escaped from the royal palace while her twin brother, having secretly worked as his sister's chamberlain, disguised himself as Riliane and was captured in her place. On December 26, EC 500, "The Daughter of Evil" was executed.[7] Surviving the revolution, the last of the Lucifen dynasty remained in hiding until her death in EC 562 as a Levin nun.[8]
After the destruction of the Third Period, all the dead members of the family residing in the Heavenly Yard were dragged back down to the earth as the ground world merged with the Hellish Yard, excluding Alexiel.[9] Afterward, Riliane held a banquet at the Lucifenian Royal Palace for her and her family.[10]
Unknown d'Autriche
Lucifenia I
Riliane Roses
Lucifenian King
Lucifenian Queen
Alexiel Lucifen d'Autriche
Lucif Family
Mouchet Family
The name d'Autriche means "from Austria" in French, a name shared with Marie Antoinette; one of the family's most prominent members, Princess Riliane, was inspired by Marie.
The name Lucifen is based on Lucifer, the patron demon of Pride.
The royal family was racially distinct from the other Lucifenians; pale skin, blue eyes, and blond hair was characteristic of these pure-blooded Orthodox Lucifenians.[11]
The d'Autriches descend from the twins conceived by Marina Lucif in Project 'Ma'.[12]
Due to being distant relatives of the royal family, the Mouchet family was permitted to name their children after one of the royal family's members.[13]
While discussing her own appearance, Rin Chan speculates that Lemy Abelard is descended from the royal lineage.[14]
South North Story (non-canon appearance)
The Daughter of Evil: Graduation (non-canon appearance; mentioned only)
Her Reason (author's note)
Screws, Gears, and Pride (album) (non-canon appearance)
↑ Evils Kingdom – Chronicles of Evillious
↑ "That King was Born from Mud"
↑ Epic of Evil: The Daughter of Evil Fanbook – Aftermath – Riliane
↑ Pierrot & SCP Bonus Story
↑ ルシフェニア王室
↑ ドートゥリシュ
Retrieved from "https://theevilliouschronicles.fandom.com/wiki/Lucifenian_Royal_Family?oldid=195740"


C3 Dry Ceramic Chain Lube raises the bar when it comes to providing the ultimate lubrication. It provides total corrosion protection and unparalleled performance in dry, dusty and damp conditions. With added nano ceramic particles and synthetic polymers, C3 Dry Ceramic Chain Lube maximises your power output by reducing metal to metal contact to a ground breaking, low level and provides up to 10 times the performance of conventional chain oils and lubes. The Muc-Off R&D team definitely didn't cut corners when they brought the future of bike lubes to the masses. In fact, our team made sure the C3 Dry Ceramic Lube is safe by creating a biodegradable, petroleum free formula so you don't have to worry about yourself, your bike or the planet. The new C3 Dry Ceramic Lube is available in 50ml, 120ml sizes so whether you're in the workshop, on the road or hitting the trails, we've got you covered.
The secret to the C3 Ceramic Wet Chain Lube is its unique ceramic coating that provides incredible durability and long distance performance on all bicycle chains. The innovative formulation in our chain oil also uses Boron Nitride and Fluoro Polymers to ensure ultra low friction for ultimate drive chain efficiency, high performance and durability. The waterproof qualities of Muc-Off C3 Ceramic Wet Chain Lube also mean that your drive chain will excel in the harshest of riding conditions. Looking for long chain oil service intervals and precision gear changes with super low friction reduction? Look no further. C3 Ceramic Wet Lube is packaged in an ergonomic bottle complete with pipette system for easy use and application. It's also 95% biodegradable and is ideal for Road, Cyclocross and MTB.
Bern's newest lid, the FL-1, takes the traditional Bern DNA and applies it to a fully-vented, super lightweight, In-Mold design. Boa adjustability provides a wide-range of fit and excellent comfort, while 18 large vents keep you cool. Available with and without MIPS, the FL-1 appeals to high-end commuters, road riders, and mountain bikers alike. Our new premium in-mold construction features a poly-carbonate micro shell lined with EPS foam to create an ultra-lightweight helmet. The FL-1 Boa system is a proprietary, lightweight and breathable 360-degree adjustable fit system responsible for near perfect fit amplifying the FL-1s safety measure and incredible comfort.
Bern's newest lid, the FL-1, takes the traditional Bern DNA and applies it to a fully-vented, super lightweight, In-Mold design. Boa adjustability provides a wide-range of fit and excellent comfort, while 18 large vents keep you cool. Available with and without MIPS, the FL-1 appeals to high-end commuters, road riders, and mountain bikers alike Our new premium in-mold construction features a poly-carbonate micro shell lined with EPS foam to create an ultra-lightweight helmet. The FL-1 Boa system is a proprietary, lightweight and breathable 360-degree adjustable fit system responsible for near perfect fit amplifying the FL-1s safety measure and incredible comfort. Most helmets are tested only by dropping them vertically onto a flat surface. MIPS technology is the hard-earned result of over 19 years of studies and testing by some of the world's leading researchers and brain surgeons. because when you fall, your head usually hits the ground at an angle, creating a rotational force that leads to strain in the brain. With the MIPSlow friction layer inside, the helmet can absorb more of that rotational violence, adding better protection than helmets not equipped with MIPS.


AT&T Office@Hand Skype for Business app Overview allows you to make and receive calls, send and receive SMS texts, initiate Office@Hand online meetings and audio conferences. Follow the steps below to learn more about initiating a meeting on the Office@Hand for Skype for Business app.
Note: You need to have the Office@Hand Meetings client to use this feature.
Click the Initiate Office@Hand Meetings icon from the Skype for Business contact menu.
Enable/disable a meeting password to join. Enter a password if enabled.
Enable/disable participants to join the meeting before the host.
Clicking Invite with Text and Start Meeting will send your selected contacts an invite and initiate the meeting.
You may right-click on a Skype for Business contact and select Initiate Office@Hand Meetings, the contact's name and phone numbers will be populated in the drop-down below the To field in the Office@Hand for Skype for Business app.
Note: If you have no access to AT&T Office@Hand Meetings, the app will show an error message.


If you're a fan of Union Park, or Randolph Street's Restaurant Row, a new residential building called Lake+Ada might be a good fit for your lifestyle.
Marquette Companies is putting up the new apartment building at 158 North Ada Street. That's just half a block from Randolph Street and a block from the park.
At ten stories, it will be the tallest building in the immediate area, with views in all directions since its neighbors are generally under two or three stories. The building will include 263 apartments above ground floor retail. And because the joint is a little far from the mass of mass transit, it's going to sport about a hundred parking spaces.


text:
```bash
$ conda create --name youtube-dl-pyqt python=3.8.3 pyqt pyinstaller
```

## Export Conda Environment
```bash
$ conda env export > environment.yml
```

## Export Requirements from Conda
```bash
$ conda list -e > requirements.txt
```

## Install PyQt5 in MSYS2 (MINGW64)
```bash
$ pacman -Sy base-devel git mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain mingw-w64-x86_64-qt5-static mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt5
```

### Install PIP in MSYS2
```bash
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

$ python get-pip.py
```

### Build .EXE
```bash
$ python setup.py pyinstaller

OR

$ pyinstaller.exe -w --icon=UI/images/icon.ico --add-data="UI/images;UI/images" --name=youtube-dl-gui main.py
```

### Run .EXE
```bash
$ ./dist/youtube-dl-gui/youtube-dl-gui.exe
```

### Python Packages
```bash
$ pip freeze
altgraph==0.17
future==0.18.2
pefile==2019.4.18
pyinstaller==4.1
pyinstaller-hooks-contrib==2020.10
PyOpenGL==3.1.5
PyOpenGL-accelerate==3.1.5
PyQt5==5.15.0
PyQt5-sip==12.8.0
pywin32-ctypes==0.2.0
```

## Install Qt in GNU/Linux Debian Stretch
```bash
$ sudo apt install qt5-default qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtbase5-doc qtbase5-doc-html qtbase5-examples qtcreator qttranslations5-l10n
```

```bash
$ sudo apt install qt5-default qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtcreator qttranslations5-l10n
```
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-core fontconfig gdb glib-networking glib-networking-common
  glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gtk-update-icon-cache
  hicolor-icon-theme libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-client3
  libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbabeltrace-ctf1 libbabeltrace1 libbotan-1.10-1 libc6-dbg
  libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcdparanoia0 libclang1-3.9 libcolord2 libcroco3 libcups2 libdatrie1
  libdouble-conversion1 libdrm-dev libdw1 libegl1-mesa libepoxy0 libevdev2 libgbm1 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgl1-mesa-dev libglew2.0 libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev libgraphite2-3
  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgudev-1.0-0 libharfbuzz0b
  libinput-bin libinput10 libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common liblcms2-2 libmtdev1 libogg0 libopus0
  liborc-0.4-0 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpcre16-3 libpixman-1-0 libproxy1v5
  libqbscore1.7 libqbsqtprofilesetup1.7 libqt5clucene5 libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5
  libqt5designer5 libqt5designercomponents5 libqt5gui5 libqt5help5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5
  libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quicktest5 libqt5quickwidgets5
  libqt5script5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5test5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5
  libqt5xmlpatterns5 librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libthai-data
  libthai0 libtheora0 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom2
  libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1-mesa libwayland-server0 libx11-xcb-dev libx11-xcb1
  libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1
  libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-render0-dev
  libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-util0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xfixes0-dev
  libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcursor1 libxdamage-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxkbcommon0
  libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev mesa-utils qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects
  qml-module-qtqml-models2 qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-window2
  qml-module-qtquick2 qmlscene qt3d5-doc qt5-doc qt5-gtk-platformtheme qt5-qmltooling-plugins qtbase5-doc
  qtchooser qtconnectivity5-doc qtcreator-data qtcreator-doc qtdeclarative5-dev-tools qtdeclarative5-doc
  qtgraphicaleffects5-doc qtlocation5-doc qtmultimedia5-doc qtquickcontrols2-5-doc qtquickcontrols5-doc
  qtscript5-doc qtsensors5-doc qtserialport5-doc qtsvg5-doc qttools5-dev-tools qttools5-doc qtwayland5-doc
  qtwebchannel5-doc qtwebengine5-doc qtwebkit5-doc qtwebkit5-examples-doc qtwebsockets5-doc qtx11extras5-doc
  qtxmlpatterns5-dev-tools qtxmlpatterns5-doc x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev
  x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev xkb-data
Suggested packages:
  gdb-doc gdbserver gvfs colord cups-common glew-utils libvisual-0.4-plugins liblcms2-utils opus-tools
  qt5-image-formats-plugins qtwayland5 librsvg2-bin default-libmysqlclient-dev firebird-dev libegl1-mesa-dev
  libpq-dev unixodbc-dev cmake kdelibs5-data subversion
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-core fontconfig gdb glib-networking glib-networking-common
  glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gtk-update-icon-cache
  hicolor-icon-theme libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-client3
  libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbabeltrace-ctf1 libbabeltrace1 libbotan-1.10-1 libc6-dbg
  libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcdparanoia0 libclang1-3.9 libcolord2 libcroco3 libcups2 libdatrie1
  libdouble-conversion1 libdrm-dev libdw1 libegl1-mesa libepoxy0 libevdev2 libgbm1 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgl1-mesa-dev libglew2.0 libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev libgraphite2-3
  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgudev-1.0-0 libharfbuzz0b
  libinput-bin libinput10 libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common liblcms2-2 libmtdev1 libogg0 libopus0
  liborc-0.4-0 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpcre16-3 libpixman-1-0 libproxy1v5
  libqbscore1.7 libqbsqtprofilesetup1.7 libqt5clucene5 libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5
  libqt5designer5 libqt5designercomponents5 libqt5gui5 libqt5help5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5
  libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quicktest5 libqt5quickwidgets5
  libqt5script5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5test5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5
  libqt5xmlpatterns5 librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libthai-data
  libthai0 libtheora0 libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom2
  libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1-mesa libwayland-server0 libx11-xcb-dev
  libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1
  libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-render0-dev
  libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-util0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xfixes0-dev
  libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcursor1 libxdamage-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxkbcommon0
  libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev mesa-utils qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects
  qml-module-qtqml-models2 qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-window2
  qml-module-qtquick2 qmlscene qt3d5-doc qt5-default qt5-doc qt5-gtk-platformtheme qt5-qmake
  qt5-qmltooling-plugins qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtbase5-doc qtchooser qtconnectivity5-doc qtcreator
  qtcreator-data qtcreator-doc qtdeclarative5-dev-tools qtdeclarative5-doc qtgraphicaleffects5-doc
  qtlocation5-doc qtmultimedia5-doc qtquickcontrols2-5-doc qtquickcontrols5-doc qtscript5-doc qtsensors5-doc
  qtserialport5-doc qtsvg5-doc qttools5-dev-tools qttools5-doc qttranslations5-l10n qtwayland5-doc
  qtwebchannel5-doc qtwebengine5-doc qtwebkit5-doc qtwebkit5-examples-doc qtwebsockets5-doc qtx11extras5-doc
  qtxmlpatterns5-dev-tools qtxmlpatterns5-doc x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev
  x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev xkb-data
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libx11-xcb1
1 upgraded, 190 newly installed, 0 to remove and 78 not upgraded.
Need to get 195 MB of archives.
After this operation, 497 MB of additional disk space will be used.

### EXTRAS

> qt5-default qt5-doc qt5-doc-html qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtbase5-doc qtbase5-doc-html qtbase5-examples qtcreator qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools qttools5-doc qttools5-doc-html qttools5-examples qttranslations5-l10n


31 製品別周波数帯低・中周波水晶発振器高周波水晶発振器機 種機 種動 作 電 圧周波数安定度動作電圧SG-3030JC/JFSG-730 datasheet... PbFreeFrequency(MHz)1319.226Ordering CodeNT2520SA-13M-NSA3400BNT2520SA-19.2M-NSA3400B datasheet search, datasheets, Datasheet search site for Electronic Components and Semiconductors, integrated circuits, diodes and other semiconductors.
9 XTAL2 Analog 32.768kHz crystal oscillator input 2; see Crystal Oscillator section. 10 PWDN Digital input Power-downinput: hold low for minimum of two f CLK cycles to engage low-powermode. 11 RESET Digital input Reset input: hold low for minimum of two f CLK cycles to reset the device.... Oscillator Frequency Upconverter Data Sheet AD9552 Rev. E Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
First off, the datasheet says we can use either a crystal oscillator or a ceramic resonator. Looking around, I couldn't find a resonator that had the accuracy I wanted (30ppm or less hopefully), so a crystal oscillator (xtal) was the right solution. But which one?


Sammantha Faucette, 25, has been charged with first-degree domestic assault, court documents say.
Officers dispatched to a Springfield apartment early Tuesday morning say they saw a man sobbing on the second-floor balcony.
They say he was profusely bleeding from a 5-inch wound on his head.
"Please help me!" the man allegedly said. "I don't want to die out here."
As police approached the front door, a woman, 25-year-old Sammantha Faucette, came outside.
According to court documents, Faucette told police the man had been acting strangely. He accused her of being a police officer, Faucette said, and he called her bad names.
"I had to protect my kids," Faucette allegedly said, "so I hit him on the head with a machete."
Documents say police entered the apartment and found a machete with dried blood on it.
Police and medical personnel tended to the man, documents say, but he was uncooperative and tried to rip off medical equipment they put on him.
Upon further questioning, police say Faucette told them she did meth about 24 hours before the machete attack.
Faucette described a tense morning, police say, where the man accused her of being a police officer while holding a pocketknife.
At one point in the argument, the man allegedly opened the pocketknife, but did not threaten her.
Eventually, he went out onto the balcony, police say, and she followed — with a machete.
Faucette allegedly told police she keeps two machetes by her bed for her protection and because she "likes weapons."
According to police, Faucette told the man he had to leave because "he could not act like this in front of the kids."
He pushed her back toward the balcony doors, Faucette allegedly said, and she pushed him back.
Faucette said they scuffled over her cellphone and she tried to push or slap him, but forgot she was still holding the machete, police say.
It was only when she the saw the machete hit his face, Faucette allegedly told police, that she realized what she had done.
Faucette said she went back in the apartment and locked the balcony door. According to police, she said she would have called 911, but the man had thrown her cellphone off the balcony.
Faucette is currently being held in the Greene County Jail on a $15,000 bond for first-degree assault, online records show. She does not have an attorney listed in online court records.


Aspen Heating & Sheet Metal, based in Kelowna, provides commercial and residential installations and specialize in large custom homes. When we provide our heating, cooling, and sheet metal services, we always go above and beyond your expectations. To start, we sit down with you to discuss what you specifically want for your property. Plans are customized and specs are created one-on-one with you. Our consultations services allow you to flesh out your project with us so that we can meet your goals while staying on budget.
Maintain a comfortable home with proper heating and cooling. We offer new equipment installations and repairs of furnaces, hot water tanks, air conditioners, and more.
Along with installing and repairing a variety of gas appliances like BBQs, ranges, and dryers, our experts service gas fireplaces. Gas fireplaces are a great way to heat your home without the mess of traditional wood-burning fireplaces.
Get the most out of your outdoor space with a custom fire pit. A fire pit is a great addition to any patio or deck, extending the time you spend outdoors and entertaining guests on a beautiful night.
Patio heaters are another great way to utilize the space in your backyard. Patio heaters come in a variety of designs to fit your outdoor décor. In addition to patio heaters, we also install and repair pool heaters. Enjoy a relaxing evening, getting the most out of your pool investment.
Increase the comfort and indoor air quality of your home with a humidifier. A humidifier can be used for a single room or an entire house. We work with you to find the best humidifier solutions to fit your needs.
Your indoor air quality is important for maintaining optimal health. We install and service various air cleaners to ensure smoke, dust, pollen, pet dander, and other hazards are removed from your home. Furnace cleaners are also available.
General annual maintenance will be available along with thorough inspections to make sure your heating or cooling system is working to full capacity. Regular inspections can catch possible issues that may evolve into more serious problems. This will prevent any long term damage.
Zoning services are offered. Each one has their own thermostat to help adjust the temperature for each level. We will measure the area and ventilation in each room, identifying the right solutions for your entire home or business.


text:
Maksim Yuryevich Nedasekau (né le  à Vitebsk) est un athlète biélorusse, spécialiste du saut en hauteur. Champion d'Europe en salle en 2021, il décroche la même année la médaille de bronze aux Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo.

Carrière
Le , Maksim Nedasekau bat le plus ancien record des championnats (qui datait de 1977 avec Volodymyr Yashchenko), avec un saut à 2,33 m au  essai pour remporter le titre des Championnats d'Europe juniors d'athlétisme 2017 à Grosseto. C'est le meilleur saut réalisé par un junior depuis 1992 et les  du Britannique Steve Smith, et également la  meilleure performance mondiale de l'année, toutes catégories confondues, derrière notamment Mutaz Essa Barshim (2,38 m) et Mateusz Przybylko (2,35 m).

Médaille d'argent européenne en plein air (2018)
Le , le Biélorusse franchit 2,32 m, se classant derrière Dzmitry Nabokau, 2,36 m, à Brest-Litovsk. Le , il se qualifie pour la finale des championnats d'Europe de Berlin, en réalisant 2,25 m au  essai. Deux jours plus tard, il remporte l'argent avec un saut à 2,33 m, record personnel égalé, derrière l'Allemand Mateusz Przybylko (2,35 m). Le lendemain, il ne se présente pas lors de la cérémonie de remise des médailles dans le Stade olympique de Berlin pour .
Il remporte la médaille d'or du saut en hauteur lors des  Jeux européens de 2019 à Minsk. Avec l'équipe de son pays, il remporte également la médaille d'argent par équipes lors de la finale des de ces Jeux, en remportant l'épreuve individuelle du saut en hauteur en 2,25 m, en ayant devancé Andriy Protsenko de 1 cm lors du dernier face à face.

Le , Maksim Nedasekau s'impose lors du match Europe - USA en effaçant une barre à 2,35 m, nouveau record personnel et meilleure performance mondiale de l'année, à un centimètre du record national de Dzmitry Nabokau. Il échoue ensuite au pied du podium lors des championnats du monde 2019 à Doha avec 2,33 m, derrière Mutaz Essa Barshim, Mikhail Akimenko et Ilya Ivanyuk.

Titre européen en salle et médaille de bronze olympique (2021)
En 2021, il obtient son premier titre international chez les seniors avec l'or aux Championnats d'Europe en salle avec une barre à 2,37 m, nouveau record de Biélorussie. Il devance sur le podium le tenant du titre, l'Italien Gianmarco Tamberi (2,35 m) et le Belge Thomas Carmoy (2,26 m).

Aux Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo, Nedasekau égale en finale son record national avec un saut à 2,37 m mais est battu au nombre d'essais pas Gianmarco Tamberi et Mutaz Essa Barshim qui se partagent l'or. Devant se contenter de la troisième place, il devient tout de même le premier Biélorusse médaillé au saut en hauteur aux JO.

Palmarès

Records

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1998
Naissance à Vitebsk
Sauteur en hauteur biélorusse
Champion d'Europe junior d'athlétisme
Champion d'Europe espoir d'athlétisme
Champion d'Europe d'athlétisme en salle
Médaillé de bronze olympique biélorusse
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020


text:
Founded by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
James D. Fernández
Peter N. Carroll
Sebastiaan Faber
Americans in Spain's Civil War: A Convoluted Legacy
By James D. Fernández
James D. Fernandez, New York University
Eighty years ago this week, in the Spanish North African enclave of Melilla, a group of right-wing generals staged a military coup, aimed at overthrowing Spain's democratically elected government.
The July 1936 uprising unleashed what would come to be known – somewhat inaccurately – as the Spanish Civil War, a horrific conflagration that lasted almost three years.
The general consensus is that the war sent about a half-million Spaniards into exile, and another 500,000 to their deaths. Still today, more than 100,000 Spaniards lie in hundreds of unmarked mass graves strewn all over the Iberian peninsula.
Those mass graves still haunt contemporary Spain, and the question of how the Spanish Civil War ought to be commemorated is still far from buried, not only in Spain, but also in the U.S.
Just two weeks ago, when President Obama visited Spain, the gift he received from Pablo Iglesias, the leader of the upstart left-wing political party Podemos, generated controversy.
The present was a copy of the book "The Abraham Lincoln Brigade: A Picture History," and in it, Iglesias penned a dedication to President Obama:
"The first Americans who came to Europe to fight against fascism were the men and women of the Lincoln Brigade. Please convey to the American people the gratitude felt by Spanish democrats for the antifascist example provided by these heroes."
To understand the symbolism and the controversial nature of this gift, we must examine the convoluted legacy of that war whose 80th anniversary is commemorated this week.
International war
Pablo Iglesias' inscription points to why the term "Civil War" is a misnomer when applied to Spain, 1936.
Though the Spanish war did pit Spaniard against Spaniard, the conflict quickly became international. Within days of the onset of the coup, Hitler and Mussolini intervened on the side of the insurgent generals. Before long, the Soviet Union would come to the aid of the Loyalists, also known as the Republican forces, who supported the government.
To the chagrin of Spain's elected government, the U.K., France and the U.S., in full appeasement mode, decided to remain neutral. They even imposed – and enforced – an embargo on the sale of arms to the Republic.
Despite – or perhaps because of – that embargo, for the duration of the war, Spain would be on almost everybody's mind in the U.S., whether they liked it or not.
Moviegoers, for example, eager to see newly released movies such as Charlie Chaplin's "Modern Times" or Walt Disney's "Snow White," had to sit through newsreels depicting the new form of modern warfare being premiered in Spain. With melodramatic music swirling and swelling in the background, audiences would hear foreboding newsreel narrators exclaiming:
"hundreds of thousands of noncombatants suffer the indescribable horrors of a continuous nightmare of fear and destruction."
'Second Year of Spain's Civil War' at 1'30"
The new medium of photojournalism – Life Magazine began circulation in 1936 – would bring fresh and horrifying images of the faraway conflict into the living rooms of average Americans.
Indeed, the war in Spain was felt with such immediacy in the U.S. that in an unprecedented display of international solidarity, some 2,800 American men and women risked life and limb to travel to Spain and join the International Brigades: the 35,000 volunteers from 50 nations who were recruited and organized by the Communist International to defend Spain's Republic.
The first contingent of Americans arrived to Spain in January of 1937, and they called themselves the "Abraham Lincoln Battalion," invoking the leader who had successfully presided over a Civil War in their own country.
U.S. volunteers in Spain, spring 1938.
New York University's Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives, Author provided
Ernest Hemingway's portrait of Robert Jordan in "For Whom The Bell Tolls" would become the iconic image of an American volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. But if Hemingway's protagonist was a solitary and rugged WASP from Montana, most of the nonfiction volunteers emerged from vast, politically active communities, which were decidedly urban, working-class and ethnic.
The closest thing to a rifle that most of the volunteers had ever handled before Spain was probably a picket sign. Unlike Hemingway's outdoorsman, real-life volunteers were likely to have had more experience sleeping on tenement fire escapes than in field tents.
And for each individual who made the ultimate sacrifice of taking up arms in Spain, there were thousands of Loyalist sympathizers who stayed behind. They raised funds to send medical supplies to the besieged government. They urged the FDR government to "Lift the embargo Against Loyalist Spain." They did their bit, as the popular slogan went, "to make Madrid the tomb of fascism."
Anti-fascist war
The Republic, hamstrung by the embargo, and splintered by internal differences, eventually fell. Franco's troops marched into Madrid in April of 1939. Exactly six months later, Hitler invaded Poland and, according to most standard accounts, World War II was officially underway.
The horrors of that war help explain why the memory of Spain was subsequently eclipsed and almost forgotten. But there were other forces at work that would contribute to the transformation of how Spain would be remembered.
The fact is that, at the time, for many contemporary observers, the war in Spain was of a piece with the war against Hitler.
For starters, the Lincoln volunteers frequently depicted themselves as soldiers attempting to stave off another world war. In November, 1937, for example, volunteer Hy Katz would write home to his mom:
"If we sit by and let them grow stronger by taking Spain, they will move on to France and will not stop there; and it won't be long before they get to America. Realizing this, can I sit by and wait until the beasts get to my very door – until it is too late, and there is no one I can call on for help? And would I even deserve help from others when the trouble comes upon me, if I were to refuse help to those who need it today? If I permitted such a time to come – as a Jew and a progressive, I would be among the first to fall under the axe of the fascists; – all I could do then would be to curse myself and say, 'Why didn't I wake up when the alarm-clock rang?'"
First National Conference of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade n 1938. Robert Raven, in the middle, lost his eyesight while fighting.
Harris&Ewing, Library of Congress
In March of 1945, President Roosevelt himself, in a missive to a diplomat, would characterize the continuity he perceived between the Spanish war and WWII, between the Axis and Franco's regime:
"Having been helped to power by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and having patterned itself along totalitarian lines, the present regime in Spain is naturally the subject of distrust by a great many American citizens […] Most certainly we do not forget Spain's official position with and assistance to our Axis enemies at a time when the fortunes of war were less favorable to us, nor can we disregard the activities, aims, organizations, and public utterances of the Falange [Spain's Fascist party], both past and present."
Even a publication like "Stars and Stripes," a semi-official organ of the U.S. Armed Forces, would, in its European edition of July 1945, unhesitatingly affirm:
"Nine years ago last week, the first blow was struck in World War II. On July 17, 1936, in the picturesque garrison town of Melilla, in Spanish Morocco, a Spanish general and his Moroccan regiments proclaimed civil war against the infant, five-year-old Republic and its government…"
In 1945, the general contours of how the Spanish Civil War was likely to be remembered into the future were quite clear: as part and parcel of the long struggle against international fascism, perhaps even as the opening salvo of World War II.
But a funny thing happened on the way to the fifties…
Between 1945 and 1955, Francisco Franco managed to refashion himself completely. No longer an ally of the Axis – in fact, he claimed that he had never been such a thing. Franco repackaged himself as a stalwart anti-communist, ruling over a strategic land mass at the corner of Africa and Europe. And it worked.
If, for FDR, Franco had been an illegitimate ruler, for Truman and Eisenhower, the generalissimo would become a crucial partner in the war between "freedom" and "communism." Truman and Eisenhower helped end the Franco regime's post-war diplomatic ostracism. In exchange, the U.S. got to build an archipelago of Cold War military bases on Spanish soil.
General Franco and President Eisenhower in Madrid in 1959
As Franco morphed from "Adolph's Man in Madrid" to "Ike's Man in Madrid," and as the Spanish Civil War came to be viewed more and more through the retrospective lens of the Cold War, much history would get rewritten, on both sides of the Atlantic.
Franco actively destroyed or altered evidence of his dalliance with the Axis. And in the U.S., as historian Peter Carroll reminds us, it was precisely in anti-communist crusader Joseph McCarthy's 1950s that George Orwell's "Homage to Catalonia" became a fixture of the Cold War canon. Orwell's book was a powerful indictment of the Communist Party's ruthless behavior in the war, and it was used to cast a shadow over the experiences and motivations of the Lincoln Brigade.
Before long, in both Spain and the U.S., the Spanish Civil War would be talked about not so much as an early battle of the anti-fascist World War II, but rather as a chapter in the annals of communist mischief and perfidy.
The actions of American volunteers, rather than being seen as heroic and prescient, would become suspect. And that is why, even 80 years on, Iglesias's gift to Obama could still seem laden with symbolism and wrapped in controversy.
James D. Fernandez, Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, Vice-President, Board of Governors, Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives, New York University
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives (ALBA) is an educational non-profit dedicated to promoting social activism and the defense of human rights. ALBA's work is inspired by the American volunteers of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade who fought fascism in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Learn more at our website or sign up to receive email updates from ALBA. Support ALBA through a tax-deductible gift! To inquire about a donation, please contact the ALBA office at info@alba-valb.org or 212-674-5398.
With the British Battalion by Volunteer Staff
The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, no. 33, October 6, 1938 All was not exactly quiet on the British Battalion's sector during the last action of Hill 565. This despite the fact that the Battalion was theoretically in reserve, in accordance with the accepted reserve police of the Division, the Army Corps and the Army....
Copernico by Morris Miller
The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, No. 30, August 26, 1938 Copernico is alive! Throughout the Brigade there are those who knew and it follows, admired him, who will be overjoyed to hear it. We knew he was captured (during the March retreat) and almost certainly felt that he was killed. Now we have...
The Brigade Command in Action at the Ebro Front by A. C. B. (Alvah Cecil Bessie)
Originally published in The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, No. 33, October 6, 1938 Deep in a natural cave at the head of a baranco is the command post of our Brigade. Here, at one time, peasants had utilized the natural shelter, filled its mouth with masonry and constructed a home. The cavern is partitioned...
How the English Trimmed the Mac-Paps "Futbal" Whiskers by D. G.
The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, No. 31, September 5, 1938. It was a great game. The Mac-Paps put up a swell battle and lost gamely. (It isn't too much out of the way to say they took it sort of hard, so why not...
Three Poems of Spain by Bill Harrington
The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, no. 33, October 6, 1938 ARAGON BALLAD Francisco Franco, fascist chief, Of him is the story told, His "justice" fills the Aragon hills, His curse is manifold: He's taken toll of the North and South The gore it reached far; And they tell the tale of his "charity"...
ALBA's 2019 Honorary Committee Features World-Renowned Filmmakers, Politicians, and Activists
Endorsing ALBA's 2019 event in New York City this year, where the Immigration Justice Campaign will receive the ALBA/Puffin Award for Human Rights Activism, is an Honorary Committee featuring world-renowned filmmakers, politicians, and activists. On May 5, ALBA and the Puffin Foundation will join in honoring and supporting the Immigration Justice Campaign (IJC)...
In Memory of the City College of New York, Alumni, Students and Teachers
The City College of New York (CCNY) was founded in1847 as the Free Academy of the City of New York. Offering free tuition, the school served as a combination prep school, high school and college. It was renamed the College of the City of New York in 1866 and became the City College of...
Arthur Witt by Peter Arthur Witt and Bert Witt
Arthur Witt lived an interesting and full, but all too short, life. The first child of Herman and Ida Witkowsky, he was born on October 4, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York. The family changed its name to Witt in late 1916. He died February 27, 1937, fighting the Fascists on the battlefield at...
Gunnar Ebb by Unattributed
The Volunteer for Liberty, v. 2, No. 33, October 6, 1938 When Major E. Cecil-Smith Commander of the Mac-Paps was wounded at Hill 565, Teniente Gunnar Ebb, Finnish commander of Company 5 of the Battalion became what the Spanish Army calls an "accidental" commander of the Battalion. But there is nothing accidental about Comrade...
Frank Rogers, War Commissar of the Mac-Paps by Johnny McGrandle
The Volunteer for Liberty, V2, No. 25, July 19, 1938 Just outside of Belchite towards Fuentes de Todos, a shell landed in the Estado Mayor of the Lincoln, killing commander Reiss and Battalion Commissar Parker. One of the corpse fell against Frank Rogers – a piece of shrapnel wounded him in the leg....
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