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The Clarksburg Quagmire
1 comments Posted by Hunter on 10/31/2008 02:10:00 PM
Labels: MNCPPC, Torti Gallas
If you don't know where Clarksburg is now, you can say you heard of it here first. Next week, the Montgomery County Planning Board (MCPB) will undertake a two session review of plans for, and potential approval of, the Clarksburg Town Center (CTC) that would see 1,213 units of housing dropped 35 miles northwest of the District.
The CTC is described by its developer, Newland Communities, as "a New American Classic Town" - one that was essentially dropped wholesale into a rural community when Phase I was undertaken in 2001 and brought approximately 1400 new residents to the area. Phase II, however, is a different animal. And despite the body blows to the real estate market and the general tanking of the "suburban town center" concept, the developer plans to see it through.
Aside from rental and homeownership housing, the linchpin of new development on the 270-acre parcel will be the retail hub. It will feature shopping, dining, a pharmacy, a grocery store (initially planned to be a Giant, but Newland has since parted ways with the retail developer behind the deal, Regency Centers) and the requisite parking – all amenities which are currently lacking in CTC's present state. Extra perks also include the construction of a new public library, an outdoor amphitheater, a new 1,200 square foot recreation center, and, lastly - for that small town touch - a memorial in tribute to the town's founding family, the Clarksburgs. Designs are being handled by Torti Gallas and Partners.
Over the past five years, Newland, the Clarksburg Town Center Advisory Committee (CTCAC) and the MCPB have found themselves locked in a long and tedious stalemate – one that seems on the verge of breaking with next week's decision.
While plans for the development stretch back 13 years, Newland stepped up in 2003 when it purchased the completed Phase I project from original developer, Terrabrook – after the initial Phase II plans had received the go-ahead from the County. Come summer 2004, CTCAC brought apprehensions about setback and height regulations before the Board, which subsequently held a string of violation hearings that stretched on for more than a year.
Eventually, the Office of Legislative Oversight was called in to review the case and identify exactly what was causing the protracted delays – and wound up faulting the MCPB itself in a surprising twist. According to their report, the Board had "sent confusing and mixed messages to the community, and failed to carry out a timely, thorough fact-based investigation." Moreover, even the Montgomery County system was partially to blame as the CTC project was "subject to a regulatory process that lacked predictability and reliability" and "underlying ambiguities in the County's laws." The end result of the findings was a landmark for the Montgomery County regulatory system – since 2005, the County Council has had much stricter oversight of MCPB activities.
With that debacle finally settled, a final set of plans comes before the Board on November 6th and Newland is betting its chips on this hearing. Just weeks ago, Newland sent current CTC residents postcard mailers expressing the need for their support if the project is to get approval.
And it appears that it will. County staff have already conditionally approved the plan, and while the developer has yet to make a total figure for the cost of the development public, County Executive Isiah "Ike" Leggett has recommended a $15.5 million allotment of county funds that would go towards improvement of the local infrastructure and construction of the library. Bozzuto, Craftstar, Miller & Smith, NVHomes, and Porten Homes have already been selected as builders for the massive undertaking.
0 comments Posted by Ken on 10/31/2008 01:16:00 PM
Labels: Axis Condos, new condos
L is for Lease
Labels: DRI Development, SmithGroup, transwestern
More office development has arrived in the corridors of power (aka the Downtown Business Improvement District). DRI Development has brought an 11-story, 170,000 square foot building to 1331 L Street NW, only five blocks from the White House. While the building primarily serves as the new headquarters of the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), the SmithGroup-designed, glass-faced project also has 11,000 square feet of retail space on the block for would-be tenants.
The project is energy-efficient all the way - from the LEED gold certification (a rarity for District office space) to the "hybrid vehicle preference" parking spaces. The glass facade ostensibly admits the maximum possible amount of natural light and saves on energy costs. (Although admittedly, five high speed elevators don't sound like too "green" of a luxury). The facility's amenities include a ground-floor fitness center, a landscaped rear court, a private rooftop terrace and "a crystalline glass tower element" over the building's primary entrance.
Once the building was completed last spring, it sold to MBA - who now occupy only a third (approximately 68,000 square feet) of their latest acquisition. The rest -both retail and office – are being brokered by Transwestern , the parent company of DRI. A Transwestern retail leasing agent, Alex Walker, says "a restaurant and possibly a café" are planned for the site, but a timeline for such developments is still up in air. With the market still in what is best described as "rough shape," this could be opportunity to snatch up space in a prime downtown parcel that still has that new development smell. That is, if you don't mind sharing an office with the same guys who milk you for mortgage payments every month. High speed or not, that could be an awkward elevator ride.
The Yards Parks Itself on the Anacostia
Labels: Anacostia River, Fenty, Forest City, Navy Yard, Southeast
A new twist in Forest City's development plans for The Yards was revealed today as Mayor Fenty announced the addition of a $42 million dollar riverfront park - that's $42 million for a park - to the sprawling 5.5 million square feet of redevelopment already underway in the surrounding area.
"This is the project that will project the District of Columbia forward from the standpoint of renovating, modernizing, accentuating, bringing to life, and restoring this great neighborhood adjacent to the Anacostia River," said Fenty from inside the vacant warehouse that will soon house the Yards' Boilermaker Shops.
Simply dubbed The Park at the Yards, the 5.5 acre park is being designed by New York-based landscape architects M. Paul Friedberg and Partners and was touted by Ward 6 City Councilman, Tommy Wells, as the new "front porch" for the Southeast Waterfront. If that is indeed the case, the park seems to be more country club terrace than whittling stoop - the plans currently on-hand call for "well-landscaped 'outdoor rooms' with seating areas," "a riverfront courtyard" that will feature retail and dining on three sides, "a water feature" in tribute to the Washington Canal, "a great lawn" that could potentially host live entertainment and "a scenic esplanade" that will connect foot traffic to the Anacostia Riverwalk Trail. Forest City is also in talks to bring a marina to the site as well. The Mayor equated the park to Baltimore's Inner Harbor and Chicago's Millennium Park, as a draw for local residents and tourists alike "for generations to come."
"It's a great amenity for the city. It's welcoming to families. It's welcoming to children. It will be welcoming not just our residents, but to everyone in Ward 6 and throughout the District who come," said Deborah Ratner Salzberg, President of Forest City Washington. "It will be a true world-class location…to eat, play and just to relax and have fun."
The Park represents a unique facet of development at the Yards, in more than one regard. First and foremost, it is the product of a public-private partnership between Forest City and the District, which teamed-up to secure the federally-owned parcel from the General Services Administration (the terms of that deal were not disclosed).
Secondly, it was financed through a Payment-in-Lieu-of-Taxes (PILOT) initiative, described by the Mayor's office as "the District…selling a bond against future taxes…generated by the surrounding development." Ahh, the 'generations to come' will be the ones paying for it. Thirdly, after Forest City completes construction, all maintenance and programming of the park will be turned over to the Capitol Riverfront Business Improvement District (BID). The BID's Executive Director, Michael Stevens, characterized their involvement as including everything from planting flowers to plowing snow.
Construction is planned to begin this January, the developer hopes to have the park open in time for the Nationals' 2010 opener (a sentiment most certainly shared by DC and Nats' higher-ups). The Park at the Yards is the second such space planned for the immediate waterfront area (the other being Diamond Teague Park to the west) and the capstone to Forest City's plans for 2,800 condos/apartments, 1.8 million square feet of office space and 400,000 square feet of retail at the Yards.
"This is going to be one of the greatest places in America to live," said Councilman Wells.
Law Enforcement Goes Underground in Judiciary Square
Labels: Davis Buckley Architects, NCPC
Judiciary Square will soon become a tourist mecca - once the new National Law Enforcement Museum is built on (or, rather, under) the 400 block of E Street, NW. Okay, it may not be the new go-to spot for tourists, but construction is expected to get underway nonetheless in the first quarter of 2009.
If all goes according to plan - in this case, the National Capital Framework Plan - the 90,000 square foot underground museum would extend under E Street and be accessible by two above-grade entry pavilions separated by a 100-foot wide shared plaza. Currently the site of a parking lot between District of Columbia Court Building C and United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Services, the plaza would make Judiciary Square a new draw for tourists - and give deadbeats something to do while waiting for their turn in the docket - and serve as a "natural extension" of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, already located in the square.
The placement of the museum next to the memorial that inspired it is no coincidence. The genesis of the project came in 2000, when Congress and President Bill Clinton enacted a measure calling for the establishment of such a museum. Fundraising endeavors were then passed off to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund and the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) in their roles as de facto developer, which got to work clearing the project with the seemingly endless list of local and federal authorities with overlapping jurisdictional interests.
Eight years and a million feet of red tape later, the museum will finally begin construction in 2009. Utilizing designs by Davis Buckley Architects and Planners, the museum will sport exhibition rooms, a gift shop, a theater and an underground atrium with skylights that peek into the plaza above. The mission of the museum will be to be lead visitors on a journey from "the first days of the night watch in the 1600's" up to today's high-tech era of CSI-styled detective work. Using exhibits designed by Christopher Chadbourne and Associates, the museum will highlight "historical artifacts, manuscripts, books, oral histories and other information that chronicle the development of America's civil society." Or it might be like the aborted City Museum, a multi-dollar downtown museum that resulted in too few tourists too make it financially viable.
Then again, maybe not. Marcello Muzzatti, an officer with the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) and President of the Fraternal Order of Police of Washington, DC (DC-FOP), testified before the City Council this week regarding the project and has no doubts about its potential. "[Ward 2 Councilman] Jack Evans is really in favor of it because he knows it's a whole marketing strategy for downtown," said Muzzatti. "You've got the Spy Museum, the [Koshland] Science Museum, the Newseum - all that area, in the past 10 years, has just exploded. It is going to bring more visitors into Washington, DC and our museum, you have to understand, is completely unique."
The project has finally been approved by all the agencies with a finger in the development pie (District of Columbia Office of Planning, National Parks Service, US Commission of Fine Arts, etc.). All that now remains is to begin spending the $80 or so million that has been donated by prominent benefactors such as Panasonic, DuPont and Motorola (in exchange for product placement within the museum, of course), and police organizations such as the DC-FOP and the MPD (who recently organized a 5K run that raised $10,000 for the project). Fundraising is still very much underway and the NCPC is currently working with the adjacent courts to develop a perimeter security plan that is satisfactory to all. Clark Construction will serve as the general contractor once the project goes to ground.
For those who care, the oldest of the Judiciary Square buildings is the Old Courthouse, designed by architect George Hadfield, and originally intended to be the District's city hall. The courthouse was built in stages from 1820 and 1849. Maybe when it's complete, they can slap the museum on tour including the Navy Memorial, the National Museum of the American Indian and the National Building Museum and explore the unmined history of the rest of the Village People. Okay, maybe not, but think about it.
Wizards Owner Bringing Magic Back to NE Housing Project
Labels: DCHA, Minnesota-Benning, National Park Service, NCPC, Stranix Associates, Torti Gallas
John Stranix, formerly of Clark Construction and now of Stranix Associates, is spearheading an effort - via the Pollin Memorial Development, LLC - to bring a 125-unit development to the ever-expanding Minnesota Avenue corridor in northeast Washington.
Named for the family of Washington Wizards owner, Verizon Center visionary, and generous District benefactor - Abe Pollin - the $18 million Pollin Memorial Community Development would transform a 450,000 square foot chunk of Ward 7 into "91 row dwellings, eight three-unit apartment buildings and five flats, amounting to a total of 125 residential units" - for a total of 193,688 square feet of new development. This would be the second such memorial public housing development in the District - Pollin previously opened Southeast's Linda Pollin Memorial Housing project in 1967.
Bounded by Hayes, Barnes, and Grant Streets, NE and Anacostia Avenue, the new Pollin complex would replace the 49-year-old Parkside Additions public housing project on the site with 83 homeownership units and 42 "rental replacement public housing units" – affordable housing targeting renters at or below 30% of the area media income. While the current Parkside project is described by the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) as "functionally obsolete," the new affordable units would be reserved as a "one-for- one replacement" for current tenants.
The redevelopment of housing would be complemented by new internal streets and a new "intimately-scaled" neighborhood park that would fall at the end of what is now Cassell Place, NE. This would include a new playground and landscaped area with trees and benches – all of which would front on the row houses, in order to allow for easy child supervision.
The site is a composite of property belonging to 3 distinct entities – the District of Columbia, the District of Columbia Housing Authority (DCHA), and the National Parks Service (NPS). The developer courted the approval of all of those landowners back in 2006 and received approval for the project from NCPC last year.
Despite the multitude of parties with stakes in the site - current residents not least among them - the District posits that redevelopment is in the best interests of all involved including those of the greater Minnesota-Benning corridor. "Regarding the [area's] comprehensive plan, the development will further some of its major themes," said Matt Jesick, Development Review Specialist of the DC Office of Planning, in session before the District of Columbia Zoning Commission. "It will replace an older public housing development with newer affordable housing. It will compliment existing and proposed development in the neighborhood. It will preserve approximately 43 percent of the site as an undeveloped natural area and it will promote enhanced public safety and provide for diversity in the community." Enterprise Community Partners, who are financing part of the Wheeler Terrace public housing redevelopment in Southeast, have also issued a statement in support of the project.
Using designs by Torti Gallas & Partners, the project aims to begin construction in August 2009.
Coming Soon to a Howard Theatre Near You: Development
10 comments Posted by Hunter on 10/27/2008 01:20:00 PM
Labels: Ellis Development, Martinez and Johnson, Shaw
By this time next year, the old Howard Theatre should be well on its way to recapturing some its lost magic. Ellis Development Group and Martinez & Johnson Architecture have been charged with restoring the historic theater to its original purpose - albeit with a few modern twists. The building will retain its original size and basic interior configuration as the 98-year-old music hall is restored to one of Washington DC's premier live entertainment venues. This is Ellis' second planned project for 7th & T Streets NW - they have also been selected for the colossal Broadcast Center One project on the same block.
The update will consist of what the developer describes as "three overlapping components." The first of these will include the reintegration of a "medium-sized" stage into main audience chamber, which aims to accommodate 500-600 concertgoers. The backstage area, or "Stage House" as they say in the biz, is to be outfitted with all of the state-of-the-art, modern amenities found in any venue worth its weight in Victrolas: theatrical rigging, motorized winches, soundproofing and the rest. A new level will be added 25 feet above the stage, in order to accommodate administrative offices.
Another phase of the historic revamp will include the addition of a new upscale restaurant, meant to accommodate up to 300 customers at any one time. Cuisine at the waiter-serviced eatery and bar is being described as "upscale," with more details to be hammered out as the project approaches its targeted 2010 completion – and 100th birthday. A 1,200 square foot kitchen will round out the area.
However, the component of the most immediate significance to the local Shaw community is the "education area" – a pair of class-cum-rehearsal rooms directly underneath the stage. In keeping with the developer's pledge to "enrich, educate and enlighten," the space will be available to the local artistic causes.
And what would a DC landmark be without tchotchkes for sale? Rounding out the theatre's redevelopment is a 600-s.f. museum and gift shop that will presumably detail the musical hall's rich history as a host for acts like Duke Ellington, The Supremes, Marvin Gaye and Redd Foxx; faces you will now find on a coffee cup or mousepad, we suppose.
"We have 60% of the cost solved and we need to raise the rest to try and retire the debt, and/or raise as much we can to begin construction," said Chip Ellis of Ellis Development. The not-for-profit associated with the developer, Howard Theatre Restoration, Inc., will continue to accept donations until the project is complete.
According to Ellis, the $25 million worth of renovation procedures are expected to commence in Auguest 2009. Whiting-Turner will serve as the general contractor on the project.
New Condo Opens in Columbia Heights
2 comments Posted by Ken on 10/25/2008 06:31:00 AM
Labels: Bogdan Builders, Columbia Heights, new condos, Zahn Design
A new condominium will open its doors this weekend when the Cityscape on Belmont condominium in Columbia Heights opens to the public today. Bethesda-based Bogdan Builders started construction on the 28-unit building in September of last year, and expects settlements before the end of the year.
Located at 1330 Belmont Street, NW, the building will feature ceiling heights from 10'8 to 15'4, traditional interiors, and limited outdoor parking, with prices to start at $384,900. The wood frame construction features an exterior skin of brick on the facade, and while it's not "another architectural masterpiece!" - the predictably hyperbolic realtor-speak of the sales team - it does sit on the hill in Columbia Heights, giving it views of the city from the rear. Half the new condos will be on one level, the other half on two, a few with private roof decks, and each with exposure on the north and south facades.
Cityscape on Belmont, known until now as Belmont Vista, was designed by Zahn Design. Bogdan purchased the land four years ago in a deal struck nearby at the MacDonald's at 14th & U (ew.) Bogdan's newest project joins a chorus of adjacent developments in what adds up to a busy construction site, all now under construction, including Level2's View14 (170 residential units), the Solea (59 units), and the Nehemiah Center, which has just begun demolition, to be eventually replaced by a large apartment building, all within feet of the entrance of Cityscape.
Bogdan's self-proclaimed style is "suburban style" in the city, having previously built sprawling houses in Potomac; recent examples of their urban handiwork are available at Logan Station, the Villaggio, and the Ivy at Harvard.
Sky-Low Prices in Randle Highlands
Labels: PERS, Southeast, St. Elizabeths
Just days after the District went public with a proposal for the redevelopment of the St. Elizabeths Hospital campus, PERS Development, LLC is opening the doors on the Sky DC condo development - "apartment homes" in Southeast's Randle Highlands neighborhood. It's a move they hope will dovetail with the Department of Homeland Security's proposed move to the area and draw "more working class individuals...towards this part of the District."
The $4 million development at 1620 29th Street SE got its Sky DC moniker from the so-called "million dollar view" available from the rooftop deck. Totaling 17,000 square feet, PERS is offering amenities like built-in iPod docks, bamboo floors and temperature controlled wine coolers to court "new homeowners and young professionals" – a cause reflected in the relatively low $200,000 price points for the condos. The project was designed by Bethesda based architects, Easta Inc.
This is PERS' fourth project in the District and the developer plans on branding it just as they have the others – with "a signature waterfall in the front exterior". Furthermore, the developer describes itself as the "Carmax of Condo Buying" - due to their "no haggle, lower than market prices" – a point you can debate in person when they hold their second open house this Sunday.
Post your comment about this project below.
New High-Rise Art-itecture in Silver Spring
Labels: Georgia Avenue, Guardian Realty, MNCPPC, Silver Spring, WDG Architecture, Zalco
There's a new highrise coming to a prime slice of Silver Spring real estate - at 8711 Georgia Avenue. Currently the site of a parking lot and bank drive-thru, the creatively-titled 8711 Georgia Avenue Parking Lot, LLC (a nome de plume of original owner Zalco Realty Incorporated that was passed onto Guardian Realty Investors, LLC after the site was sold in 2007) is looking to build a 13-story, 152,740 s.f. mixed-use building between Georgia and Cameron Street with office space, retail and, in a surprising twist, an arts plaza designed to serve as an "urban oasis" at the northern end of the Silver Spring Central Business District.
Utilizing designs by WDG Architects, 8711 Georgia plans to bring 148,278 square feet of office space and 4,462 square feet of ground floor retail to the site with "illuminated entrance features" on all four sides of the proposed building and frontage on the future Fenton Street extension - amenities intended to highlight the public arts plaza.
The elliptical plaza - being designed by local artist Martha Jackson-Jarvis - would lie on the newly extended Fenton Street and contain four separate sculptural components. The first and most complex has been dubbed the "Wave Wall," which is described as a "flowing mosaic of brightly colored materials of many sizes and textures" that will "undulate like waves." This will lead directly into another smaller mosaic wall. Three-dimensional sculptures – intended to "be approached, touched and studied from all sides" - will sit in front of both walls. A mid-block pedestrian arcade will provide a link between the plaza and Georgia Avenue.
Preliminary plans for the project were approved by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) way back in 2006, the final draft was approved today. Presumably, it was a rather easy decision for the M-NCPPC to reach – the project is but two doors down from their headquarters and, quite literally, in their own backyard. Ziggy Schelec of Zalco Realty, who will still oversee leasing and management of the building, described the project as being "on the fast track" with a final timeline for construction to be established next week.
If it does, it would be one of the few. Most of the recent real estate projects in Silver Spring - Silver Place, the Ripley Project, 814 Thayer, and Studio Plaza, to name just a few - have intentions to move forward, but are finding it either impossible or impractical to do so in the current environment.
St. Elizabeths Plan Envisions Massive Redevelopment
Labels: Metro, Southeast, St. Elizabeths, Ward 8
The District announced a new plan today to kickstart redevelopment of the old St. Elizabeths mental institution in Ward 8. If approved by the District Counsel, the series of projects will beef up one of DC's poorest neighborhoods with nearly 3 million square feet of mixed-use development. Mayor Adrian Fenty, Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton, and Office of Planning Director Harriet Tregoning were on hand today to announce the release of the St. Elizabeths East Redevelopment Framework Plan, which recommends transforming the hospital's eastern, District-owned flank into five neighborhoods, "each with their own character," and pushes for the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) proposed relocation to federally-controlled St. Elizabeths West. The government transferred ownership of the eastern portion to the District in 1987, while retaining the western campus for its own use.
The Plan is sprawling in its scope – the size of the District-owned eastern half alone measures in at 173 acres. Together, construction on the two campuses - separated only by Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue, SE - would be second only to the revitalization efforts underway on the Southeast Waterfront in terms of size and scope.
"I think what we have proposed…will not only benefit the people who live in Ward 8 and east of the river, but, just as importantly, the entire city," said Fenty.
Redevelopment at St. Elizabeths East would create up to 2 million square feet of new mixed-use projects and 750,000 s.f. of renovated historic space. The proposed neighborhoods (pictured, below) are being broken down into the North Campus, Maple Campus, Town Square, CT Village and Metro Station; each would feature a distinct blend of commercial, retail and/or residential space, in addition to "civic and community" areas. The northern portion of the site has been reserved for DHS office space and parking – a move made to sweeten the deal for the Feds, no doubt (more on that in a bit). Meanwhile, the historic St. Elizabeths Hospital, its new 435,000-square foot secondary building and John Howard Cemetery on the grounds would be retained.
The Plan also includes provisos for a cohesive link to the two local Metro stations and MLK corridor, where the City is betting on seeing an influx of retailer and developer interest.
On the western campus, DHS' proposed relocation would include the construction of new, secure headquarters meant to accommodate roughly 14,000 government employees. If and when the project moves forward, it would mark the first time the federal government has ever crossed the Anacostia River, according to Congresswoman Norton. DHS currently lacks a consolidated headquarters, with offices at different locations throughout the city.
The impact of such large workforce on the environment, Metro capability and local traffic is still being evaluated, while the inclusion of the site in the proposed southeast street car system is still a possibility.
The District will submit the Plan to the City Council next month with a decision to follow in December. A Request for Proposals regarding the DHS parking lots and offices is planned for December as well, the District hopes to break ground on that phase of the project in the first half of 2009. Norton described development as moving along an "unusually fast track."
The Plan is the product of more than 5 years of parallel development by the General Services Administration (GSA) and the District. According to Norton, it's has been included in the Bush administration's budget for three straight years, but has only been able to move forward, ironically enough, since the Democrats came to power in Congress. The challenge now lies in convincing that same body that moving DHS to another, federally-owned piece of property in Southeast would be beneficial and, most importantly, cheap. It would appear that the future of both East and West hinges on a decision by the federal government; if DHS settles on another location or Congress blocks the site, it could be a deal breaker for both halves of St. Elizabeths.
"There will be great potential here if we continue to do it right. The city and the government will work closely together, as we have on projects in the past," said Norton.
A budget for the project is forthcoming, and Norton will be holding a town hall meeting tonight from 5:30 - 7:30 PM at the UPO /Petey Greene Community Service Center (2907 MLK Jr. Ave SE) to disclose more details and listen to questions from the public. Another community meeting will be held at St. Elizabeths on October 28th.
Construction Underway at 1015 Half Street
Labels: Half Street, LEED, Opus East, Potomac Investment Properties, WDG Architecture
Concrete poured into the ground in Southeast last Friday as construction at 1015 Half Street got underway. A product of a partnership between Opus East, LLC and Prudential Real Estate Investors, 1015 will feature 442,000 square feet of office space, complemented by 21,000 square feet of ground- level retail, in the thick of Washington DC's burgeoning Capitol Riverfront neighborhood.
Aiming for March 2010 completion, the 10-story, WDG-designed building boasts a 2-story lobby, 8 1/2' ceilings, and views of the Capitol and Anacostia River. The development team also plans a green identity, employing recycled building materials, water- saving plumbing features, a 60% green roof and taking advantage of the site's proximity to the Navy Yard Metro to achieve a LEED Silver certification. Opus East is serving as the general contractor for the project.
The site may be notable to longtime District residents as the former home of the Nation nightclub and, for those with longer memories, the Capitol Ballroom. The project was initially under the control of Potomac Investment Properties, which turned it over to Opus in July of last year for a pre-bailout price of $41.5 million. The project is currently budgeted at $135 million - a small figure compared to what the development team stands to gain, if 1015 and the glut of other Capitol Riverfront projects currently underway can weather the economic downturn.
2000 Wilson Finally Making Rubble in Clarendon
Labels: Arlington, Clarendon, Elm Street Development, WDG Architecture
2000 Wilson, the oft-delayed Clarendon apartment complex, has finally taken its first steps towards fruition. The Taco Bell franchise and abandoned Dr. Dremo's occupying the site are now being demolished to make way for 141 rental apartments and 36,000 square feet of ground floor retail.
Developer Elm Street Development initially planned construction late last year of what was first intended to be a condominium project (that's just so 2006), but now forecasts an open-ended 2010 completion target. Dr. Dremo's, the beloved neighborhood bar that used to stand on the site, closed its doors last January in anticipation of imminent demolition.
With that out the way and approval from the Arlington County Board locked, the WDG-designed project can now move forward unimpeded. The development is bounded by Wilson Boulevard, North Rhodes Street, Clarendon Boulevard, and North Courthouse Road, but confusingly carries a street address of 2001 Clarendon Boulevard despite the 2000 Wilson title; meaning the next hurdle for the project lies at the feet of the marketing team.
Industry Insight: Sami Kirkdil and Meral Iskir of SK&I Architectural Design Group
Labels: interview, SK and I Architects
Since its' inception in 1999, the SK&I Architectural Design Group has been one of the go-to names for striking, sophisticated architecture in the DC area. With mixed-use projects like Wisconsin Place in Friendship Heights, Union Row in Columbia Heights and an upcoming slate that includes Lot 31 in Bethesda, and the Washington Gateway and Constitution Square in NoMa, their designs will soon be more prominent than ever. Sami Kirkdil, President of SK&I, and Meral Iskir, Executive Vice President, took the time to sit down with DCMud and talk about their approach to architecture, the current effects of the housing market on an architectural firm, and what the District might look like a few years down the line.
How did you get your start in architecture?
MI: I originally studied back in Turkey and then studied again here at Catholic University. I've continued to work steadily since I initially came here 40+ years ago. I spent some years with CHK, then Sami and I started this firm. We've been doing all kinds of architectural projects and just working, working and working.
SK: I think my introduction to architecture was through my father's friend – an architect friend. When I was a kid, he used to do sketches of buildings and give them to me, and that kind of intrigued me. I was basically good at math, science and art, so I thought, "Hey, this might be the thing for me" in high school. I knew what I wanted to do, so I went to college and have been practicing for the past 25 years.
I think that you are the mo st happy when you're working hard and designing. Obviously, there's a lot of red tape and a lot of things that you have to do, but designing and doing a project is the fun part of it. I think that's what drives us towards the future. Somewhere along the line our specialty became mixed-use, residential design. In the last 8 or 9 years, we've done a lot of big residential projects. It was just the right time and the right place. There weren't that many firms focusing on residential and we've had a head start on that game. We've grown from a two person firm to a 50+ person firm. We've kept that steady, but didn't want to grow out of control and maybe lose the quality of our work.
What kinds of projects appeal to you personally and, by extension, your firm?
SK: Generally, our cup of tea is more complex projects that play in the urban realm, fit into the neighborhood and create a nice home for the people who live in it. There are always new ways to put together interpretive designs with the way buildings go together, basically.
How would you typify the developer /architect relationship? Are some harder to please than others?
SK: We might be a little different than a lot of other firms. I think our expertise is that we understand the development process as well the developers. Basically, what works and what doesn't work. We can reason with them when it comes to what design ideas might propel them in a specific area. They don't necessarily have to educate us; sometimes we try to guide them. We want to become their partners. We want to understand their theme and their dilemma. We want to give them an edge.
MI: Of course, our position allows us to work with different developers. This is kind of an advantageous position in the sense of understanding and thinking about a project through our own experience. It kind of enriches our understanding of what goes on in the market and allows us to show leadership through our designs. We're not doing the architecture for ourselves, but for our clients. At the same time, we can control the quality and accomplish the best we can within the given conditions.
If you change one thing about the DC development process, what would it be?
MI: Getting to a better place where there is an appreciation for the architect's efforts. That is lacking in general, as far as I'm concerned.
SK: Well, there are good things and bad things about building height. I think that's one thing that would be good to look at. There are some instances where it creates a very walkable city. On the other hand, architecture becomes challenging when everything's 13 or 14 stories. It couldn't be a bad idea to have more height in some locations. I think, given that our resources are now more limited, we have to densify our cities. To me, densifying the city, outer suburbs, or Metro locations with higher height and higher density is probably something that would be good for Washington.
On that note, you built Union Row above a Metro station. What kind of challenges did that pose?
SK: Lots, actually. Part of the problem with that site was that it was an assemblage – a bunch of little pieces. But our real plight was the Metro tunnel running from 14th Street and curving down towards 13th Street. That part of the site we couldn't actually build on. What we did was have the building's shape follow the route and then we put our girders and columns right along it. We could only put two levels of parking there, while the rest was three levels. It was a long, lengthy process of getting approval from Metro and testing and excavation.
MI: In addition to that, we also had to provide access to the existing warehouses that were there – in addition to upgrading and renovating them. We tried to create a kind of plaza-like structure there. I think we were successful in the view from the main street and were able to manipulate the design in such a way that it gets your attention.
You have also been contracted for one of the largest projects in NoMa (Constitution Square). Can you give us a bit of insight into how NoMa might look in, say, 5 years?
SK: Well, instead of 5 years, let's say 10 years. I think, potentially, people are wishing for the same thing that happened to Chinatown. We were there 9 years ago with Massachusetts Court at 4th and Mass and couple of other projects that did not go through. Today, if you look at Chinatown, they have all the nicest restaurants in the city. In a way, it's surpassed DuPont, northwest Connecticut Avenue, in terms of pizazz. NoMa wishes that they'll be seeing the same quality and caliber of that development. Obviously, the Verizon Center and all that retail is a big advantage and we want to see similar kinds of things in NoMa.
The project we're doing is mixed-use – an office building, a hotel, a Harris Teeter grocery store and apartments. The hope is to create a critical base of retail, residential and office space, so that you're not building up an area that shuts down at five o'clock. Since 2000, if you look at the city and our projects, we are trying to create a 24-hour living space that has a life cycle with offices and retail. You're not necessarily commuting; you're living, shopping and working in the same place. You'd hope that NoMa becomes that.
MI: I think the fundamental approach is understanding how neighborhoods and areas stay alive, rather than just a being a place to go to in the daytime and empty in the nighttime. I think they want a good foundation for a better future this time.
How much work do you do outside the metro area?
SK: We have done international work over the years and, if you look at our career, we've done all that stuff. If you look at the past 9 years, we were really busy and did not want to grow. We used to turn down almost 20% of the work that came in the door. We were cherry-picking the projects that we'd do. Obviously, circumstances have changed, so we'll probably be looking at doing projects outside the area. We've done projects up and down the East Coast from Miami to Boston.
MI: We were involved with many projects outside the area, for example, Harbor East in Baltimore. We did an 18-story project there that was mixed-use – again, with retail.
How does the current economic situation affect an architecture firm?
SK: I'm sure the whole development world is living on fumes. Obviously, with the current financial market, there's very little money available. There are two things going on. There are great projects that have secured financing to do private work; and there is some entitlement work that will go forward. People are hoping that the market will turn around and it's that optimism that's the driving force. I'm sure there will be a great opportunity to have any kind of product out there in a year or two. Once the economy turns back, the first people out of the gate will make out the best. Once the market steams up, you jump in to catch a piece of it. We have some clients that are in a cycle where they'll be delivering in 2011, 2012, 2013 and they're hopeful that their financing is intact. Other clients think the market is going to shrink. And it is shrinking because the capital behind what you can finance is zero. We are hearing it every day, it's tough out there. We're going to see a lot more competitive pricing. For the first time since we've opened our doors, we're actually out there chasing RFPs.
MI: Generally, lots of architecture firms are actually shrinking. At the time, some of the other ones are looking abroad to the Middle East and so on. But everyone's affected.
What was the most challenging project you've ever worked on?
SK: I think every project's a challenge. Our specialty is – even though we're a mid-size firm – we tackle really complex projects. One of our projects that's under construction, Wisconsin Place, had basically three or four different teams. The garage was done by different architect and structural engineer and parts of the building were done by another architect and structural engineer, so there was a lot of interface coordination and collaboration between all these different teams. A "who does what?" type of deal, so Meral championed that effort and it took us a while. We had to wait for other firms to finish their work.
The other project we're currently working on is going to be very complex - Lot 31 in Bethesda, which is now two parking lots across from Barnes & Noble. There was a very complicated entitlement process and we're now full throttle in the design process. It'll take a while to get it built because what we're doing is, basically, taking Woodmont Avenue away [laughs]. We'll be digging into the rock for five levels and building a column-free garage. Then, we're doing a 9-story building on one side and a 5-story building on the other.
MI: Thinking about it while Sami was talking, I think every project has its' own challenges. You have to try to design it in such a way that the building will look unique, but still serve the neighborhood and be able to get through the approval processes. You have to work with the contractors and combine with the developer's needs to make the project as successful as it could be. I don't want to sound conceited, but I think our experience is such that we are good listeners and can point any issues before they become a problem. It forces us to make every project a 360 degree success.
Every project has its' own unique expectations and character. They're like your children. Every one of them has a different personality and the challenge is having happy and successful children, in a certain sense.
If you could work on any project, what would it be? A dream project...
MI: Is there such a thing as a dream project? Human beings always change and what you liked yesterday could change tomorrow. When I look back at some of the projects I've done, I liked them then, but not necessarily today. At the time you might think of it as a dream project, but tomorrow you could always say, "Was it really?"
SK: It's tough, but the kind of project that allows me to be wild and think freely is a dream project. That said I can't design a house for myself because I'm my own worst critic. When it comes to designing your own thing, it's not easy. I'm very deliberate and straightforward in designing projects for others. For myself, I'm terrible because I want to accomplish much more than I can handle – the program, the aesthetics, the budget. If you design something today and look back at it in a few months, you might say, "No, maybe that wasn't the right thing to do." Your tastes change. It's a process that keeps your brain sharpened.
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text:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using factor10.VisionThing.CameraStuff;
using factor10.VisionThing.Primitives;
using SharpDX;
using SharpDX.Toolkit.Graphics;

namespace factor10.VisionThing.Objects
{
    public class DrawableBox : VDrawable
    {
        public Matrix World;

        private readonly CubePrimitive<VertexPositionNormalTangentTexture> _cube;
        private readonly Texture2D _texture;
        private readonly Texture2D _bumpMap;

        public DrawableBox(VisionContent vContent, Matrix world, Vector3 size, float texScale = 1)
            : base(vContent.LoadEffect("effects/SimpleBumpEffect"))
        {
            _texture = vContent.Load<Texture2D>("textures/brick_texture");
            _bumpMap = vContent.Load<Texture2D>("textures/brick_normal");
            _cube = new CubePrimitive<VertexPositionNormalTangentTexture>(
                Effect.GraphicsDevice,
                _ => createVertex(_, size, texScale),
                size);
            World = world;
        }

        private VertexPositionNormalTangentTexture createVertex(PositionNormalTangentTexture pntt, Vector3 size, float texScale)
        {
            var textureCoordinate = pntt.TextureCoordinate;
            //if (pntt.Normal.X != 0)
            //    textureCoordinate *= new Vector2(size.Z, size.Y);
            //else if (pntt.Normal.Y != 0)
            //    textureCoordinate *= new Vector2(size.X, size.Z);
            //else if (pntt.Normal.Z != 0)
            //    textureCoordinate *= new Vector2(size.Y, size.X);
            return new VertexPositionNormalTangentTexture(
                pntt.Position,
                pntt.Normal,
                pntt.Tangent,
                textureCoordinate);
        }

        protected override bool draw(Camera camera, DrawingReason drawingReason, ShadowMap shadowMap)
        {
            camera.UpdateEffect(Effect);
            Effect.World = World;
            if (drawingReason != DrawingReason.ShadowDepthMap)
            {
                Effect.Texture = _texture;
                Effect.Parameters["BumpMap"].SetResource(_bumpMap);
            }
            _cube.Draw(Effect);
            return true;
        }

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Charlotte Church and mum open up about 'brutal' rift that left family broken
Singer Charlotte, 33, appeared on This Morning with mum Maria and spoke about their bitter rift which spanned years
Charlotte Church and her mum Maria have opened up about their "brutal" rift which left their family heartbroken.
The singer, 33, recently revealed that she had mended things with her mum and stepfather after a bitter rift which spanned years.
Charlotte walked out of the family home when she was a teenager to move in with her boyfriend, who was jobless at the time.
In a new Channel 4 documentary, the family bare their souls as they discuss their long-run spat for the first time as Charlotte spends a week with mum Maria and stepdad James in Devon.
Charlotte Church and her mum Maria opened up about their 'brutal' rift (Image: ITV)
The pair appeared on This Morning today (Image: ITV)
Charlotte Church 'under investigation' for running school classes at her home
Speaking on This Morning, Maria said that she found it incredibly difficult to deal with her daughter being estranged.
Charlotte began by telling hosts Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield that their family was under a lot of pressure for various reasons, including a kidnap plot.
She said: "My mum and dad were dealing with a lot - there was a couple of kidnap plots when I was a kid, so it was on a lot of different levels.
"A whole lot of stress and pressure and we were living in each other's pockets."
Charlotte and Maria opened up about the stress of 'living in each others' pockets (Image: ITV)
Showbiz editor's picks
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Asked whether it led to them being estranged, Maria said: "It was, for a while, when Charlotte left home. It just just very, very brutal and very sudden.
"She broke my heart - I ended up having a nervous breakdown."
Confirming that she was back in therapy now, she said it was "going really well".
She added: "At least I'm trying to do something about it now because I've always suffered with mental health issues. Mine are quite complex because there's a mixture of everything, it's a bag of worms.
"We're getting there."
*This Morning airs weekdays at 10.30am on ITV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT DECISIONS - ON-LINE
US Supreme Court Decisions - On-Line> Volume 59 > HAM V. MISSOURI, 59 U. S. 126 (1855)
HAM V. MISSOURI, 59 U. S. 126 (1855)
Subscribe to Cases that cite 59 U. S. 126
Ham v. Missouri, 59 U.S. 18 How. 126 126 (1855)
Ham v. Missouri
59 U.S. (18 How.) 126
ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT
OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI
The Act of congress passed on the 6th of March, 1820, 3 Stat. 547, accepted by an ordinance declaring the assent of the people of Missouri thereto, adopted on the 19th of July, 1820, granted to the state for the use of schools the sixteenth section of every township in the state, which had not been sold or otherwise disposed of.
This expression, "otherwise disposed of," does not include the case of an imperfect title claimed to be derived from the Spanish governor which had been rejected by the board of commissioners in 1811.
The claim was confirmed in 1828 so far as to relinquish all the title which the United States then had, but at that time the United states had no title, having granted the land to Missouri in 1820, which they had a right to do.
The proviso in the Act of March 3, 1811, which forbade lands claimed before the board of commissioners from being offered for sale until after the decision of congress thereon, did not prevent a donation for schools, and, moreover, contemplated only a temporary suspension for the purposes of investigation.
The case is fully stated in the opinion of the Court. chanrobles.com-red
MR. JUSTICE DANIEL delivered the opinion of the Court. chanrobles.com-red
The proceedings now under review were founded upon an indictment in the Circuit Court of the County of St. Francis against the plaintiff in error for having committed waste and trespass on the sixteenth section of lands situated in congressional township number thirty-four, range seven east, as being school lands belonging to the inhabitants of the township aforesaid.
Upon this indictment the plaintiff was convicted, and condemned to pay a fine assessed by the jury, of four hundred dollars, together with the costs of the prosecution. From the judgment of the circuit court, the plaintiff in error having taken an appeal to the Supreme Court of Missouri, by the latter tribunal that judgment was in all things affirmed; the same plaintiff now seeks its reversal here in virtue of several acts of Congress alleged to be applicable to this case.
Upon the trial in the circuit court, the following facts were either established in proof or admitted by the parties:
1. A joint petition on the part of Jean Batiste Valle, and the heirs of Francois Valle, Jean Batiste Pratte, and St. Geunne Beauvais, presented on the 15th of October, 1800, to Delassus, the Lieutenant-Governor of upper Louisiana, praying for a grant of two leagues square of land on the River St. Francois, including the mine, known by the name of Mine a la Motte, and the lands adjacent.
2. An acknowledgment by the lieutenant governor dated January 22, 1801, of his want of power to grant a concession of the extent prayed for, and the fact of his having transmitted the petition to the intendant general, with the expression of an opinion favorable to the grant, and to the character of the applicants.
3. An order by the intendant general that the documents presented in behalf of the petitioners should be translated into the Castilian language, and then be laid before the fiscal agent.
4. A plat and survey for 28,224 arpens, or 24,142 acres of land, situated on the River St. Francis, certified by Nathaniel Cook, as deputy surveyor of the District of St. Genevieve, said by him to have been made by virtue of a concession by Delassus to J. B. and Francois Valle, Beauvais, and Pratte, on the 22d of January, 1801.
5. The proceedings of the board of commissioners for the examination of land titles, on the 27th of December, 1811, setting forth the claim of Jean Batiste and Francois Valle, Jean Batiste Pratte, and St. Geunne Beauvais, for two leagues of land, including the La Motte Mine, founded on the recommendation from Lieutenant Governor Delassus for a concession, bearing chanrobles.com-red
date on the 22d of January, 1801, and the order of the intendant general already mentioned, and the rejection of the claim by the commissioners.
6. The first section of an Act of Congress approved May 24, 1828, confirming to Francois Valle, Jean Batiste Valle, Jean Batiste Pratte, and St. Geunne Beauvais, their heirs or legal representatives, a tract of land not exceeding two leagues square, situated in the County of Madison in the State of Missouri, commonly known by the name of the Mine la Motte, according to a field plat and survey made by Nathaniel Cook, Deputy Surveyor of St. Genevieve, on the 22d day of February, 1806, with a proviso in the said first section, that the confirmation thus granted shall extend only to a relinquishment of title on the part of the United States, nor prejudice the rights of third persons, nor any title heretofore derived from the United States, either by purchase or donation.
7. A plat and survey made by Jenifer Sprigg, Deputy Surveyor, in the months of March, 1829, and August, 1830, of the La Motte Mine tract of land, stated to contain 23,728.02 acres of land, confirmed to Francois Valle, Jean Batiste Valle, Jean Batiste Pratte, by an Act of Congress approved on the 24th of December, 1828.
8. A patent from the President of the United States bearing date on the 25th of March, 1839, granted under the authority of the act of Congress last mentioned, and in virtue of a title derived from the confirmees, to Lewis F. Linn and Evariste Pratte, for the La Motte Mine, and the land surrounding the same, containing 23,728.02 acres of land, in conformity with the survey of Sprigg, as certified from the General Land Office; this patent, containing literally the proviso in the act of Congress limiting the grant to the patentees to a relinquishment of the title of the United States at the date of the act of Congress of 1828.
9. An admission on the part of the state that all the right, title, and claim of the original proprietors of the Mine la Motte tract of land had regularly passed to and was vested in Thomas Fleming, as fully as those proprietors had or could have had the same.
10. A lease from Thomas Fleming, of the 9th of April, 1849, to Ham, the plaintiff in error, for a portion of the Mine la Motte land.
11. An admission further on the part of the state that the sixteenth section claimed as school lands was within the lines of the original survey of the tract made by Nathaniel Cook, and of the other surveys given in evidence.
Upon the trial of the indictment, the circuit court, at the instance chanrobles.com-red
of the counsel for the state, instructed the jury
"That the Act of the 6th of March, 1820, entitled 'An act to authorize the people of Missouri territory to form a constitution and state government &c.,' taken in connection with an ordinance declaring the assent thereto by the people of Missouri, by their representatives assembled in convention on the 19th of July, 1820, operated as a grant by Congress to the State of Missouri for the use of schools, of the 16th section in controversy, unless such 16th section had been previously disposed of by government."
"That although the land claimed by the proprietors of Mine la Motte was, by the several acts of Congress, reserved from sale, and that the survey of said claim includes the 16th section in controversy, yet such reservation is not such disposition of said section by the government as is within the saving clause of the 6th section of the act of 1820, and cannot operate to prevent the title from vesting in the state by virtue of said grant."
The defendant in the prosecution prayed of the court the following instructions, which were refused:
"That if the jury believe the land in question is included within the original grant by the Spanish government, and within the lines of the survey made by N. Cook, in 1806, and within the lines of the lands confirmed by the act of Congress to the original grantees and those claiming under them, then this land never was public land, subject or liable to be donated by Congress to the state for the use of schools."
"That the several acts of Congress reserving section 16 for the support of schools, could only refer to the public lands proper, and could not attach to private claims, which had previous to such donation been claimed by individuals, and reserved by Congress to satisfy those claims."
"That the confirmation of the claim by the act of Congress of 1828, conferred and gave a superior title to the lands in question, over the title of the state for the use of schools."
Upon the accuracy or inaccuracy of the instructions given by the court at the instance of the state, and of those denied by it upon the prayer of the defendant in the prosecution, the decision of this cause must depend.
It would seem not to admit of rational doubt that the Act of Congress of March 6, 1820, authorizing the people of the Territory of Missouri to form a constitution and state government, taken in connection with the ordinance of the state convention of the 19th of July, 1820, amounted not merely to a grant for the use of schools of the 16th section of every township of public lands in the territory, but further to a positive condition or mandate, so far as Congress possessed the power to impose it, for the dedication of those sections to that object. The assertion chanrobles.com-red
of the court, then, of the existence and character of such grant, whilst it recognized any proper limitation or qualification imposed thereon, either by previous acts of Congress or by the investiture of any rights arising therefrom, can be obnoxious to no just criticism, but was in all respects proper.
Whether or not the lands claimed by the proprietors of the Mine la Motte, so far as they cover a portion of the sixteenth section of township 34, range 7 east, are exempted from the operation of the Act of March 6, 1820, and of the ordinance of July 19, 1820, must depend upon the correct interpretation of the previous legislation of Congress, and upon the acts and position of the claimants with reference to that legislation.
By the 10th section of the act of Congress, approved March 3, 1811, authorizing the President of the United States to offer for sale such portions of the public lands lying in the State of Louisiana as shall have been surveyed under the direction of the 8th section of the same statute, it is provided that "all such lands, with the exception of section number sixteen, which shall be reserved in each township for the use of schools," and with the exception, further, of a township of land granted by the 7th section of the same statute for the use of a seminary of learning, and of certain salt springs and lead mines,
"shall be offered for sale to the highest bidder, under the direction of the register of the land office, the receiver of public moneys, and principal deputy surveyor."
In this 10th section is contained a proviso
"That till after the decision of Congress thereon, no tract of land shall be offered for sale, the claim to which has been in due time and according to law presented to the recorder of land titles in the District of Louisiana and filed in his office for the purpose of being investigated by the commissioners appointed to ascertain the rights of persons claiming lands in the Territory of Louisiana."
Upon this 10th section of the act of 1811, and the proviso thereto annexed, is founded the position taken by the plaintiff in error that the sixteenth section of township 34 did not and could not vest in the State of Missouri in virtue of the Act of March 3, 1820, and of the ordinance of July 19 of the same year, so far as that section fell within the proviso. In comparing the enacting part of § 10 of the statute of 1811 with the proviso annexed thereto, it will strike the attention that the limitation or restriction contained in the proviso has no connection, by its terms, with lands granted or donated for schools, but relates altogether to such lands as it was designed and declared should be sold at public auction to the highest bidder.
Such certainly were not the lands appropriated to a specific ultimate and permanent purpose -- namely the support of schools. chanrobles.com-red
As to these lands, sales and every other disposition inconsistent with such dedication were expressly inhibited. But, putting aside the literal meaning of the 10th section and its proviso, it may well be asked whether the language and objects of the latter can be made to import anything beyond a temporary suspension of the sales of the lands intended for sale for the simple purposes of investigation, and, much more, whether the 10th section of the act of 1811 and the proviso thereto can be interpreted to mean a denial to itself by Congress of the right and power to sell or to give, either upon satisfactory evidence of the invalidity of any opposing claim or upon considerations of public policy, the land embraced within the suspension.
Such an interpretation, as it is not warranted by the language of the acts of Congress, seems not to accord either with considerations of justice or policy. Suppose that Congress, after the passage of the law of 1811, should become satisfied of the groundless nature of a claim presented to the commissioners and should be convinced further not only of the benefits to result from appropriating the subject of that claim to purposes of education, but also of their having pledged that subject to such purposes; it cannot be questioned that the power to reject or disregard an unfounded claim, and to comply with a previous and just obligation, remained in a plenary and unimpaired extent in Congress, and that this right and obligation could in no degree be affected by a mere agreement to investigate.
Let it be remembered too that the application of those under whom the plaintiff in error deduces his alleged title was for a simple gratuity, founded on no consideration whatever but the bounty of the donor. The opinion and the action by Congress with respect to the rights of the parties to that controversy seem to have been entirely coincident with the views herein suggested. Under the provision of the act of 1811, the proprietors of the Mine la Motte presented their claim, together with such evidence as they deemed essential to its support, to the tribunal created by law for the investigation of land titles. By this tribunal, the claim of these proprietors was rejected on the 27th of December, 1811. From the period last mentioned until the 24th of May, 1828, an interval of seventeen years, this claim remains dormant or quiescent, when it is confirmed at the date last mentioned.
The nature and effect of this confirmation will presently be considered, but in the interval above mentioned, the government, the undoubted possessor of the title, after the lapse of nine years from the rejection by its agent of this slumbering title, by express compact with the State of Missouri, grants to that state, for the use of schools, the sixteenth section of every township in the state which had not been sold "or otherwise disposed of." chanrobles.com-red
Upon recurring to the law of May 24, 1828, it will be borne in mind that the confirmation to the proprietors of the Mine la Motte is extended merely to a relinquishment of the title of the United States at the date of that law, and is declared to have no influence to prejudice the rights of third persons, nor any title heretofore derived from the United States, either by purchase or donation.
It is proper to keep in view this proviso in this confirmation in order to ascertain its effect, if any, upon the proper meaning of the qualification in the grant to the State of Missouri comprised in the phrase "or otherwise disposed of."
In our construction of the Act of Congress of March 3, 1811, we have interpreted the proviso to the 10th section of that act as neither declaring nor importing a final and permanent devestiture, or any devestiture whatsoever of the title of the United States, but as a provision prescribing a temporary arrangement merely for the purposes of investigation, leaving the title still in the government, to be retained or parted with according to the dictates of justice or policy, as these might be developed by such investigation. Nothing is here ordained which is definite in its character. Inquiry is all that is directed. The language and plain import of the 6th section of the Act of the 3d of March, 1820, confer a clear and positive and unconditional donation of the sixteenth section in every township, and when these have been sold or otherwise disposed of, other and equivalent lands are granted. Sale, necessarily signifying a legal sale by a competent authority, is a disposition, final and irrevocable, of the land. The phrase "or otherwise disposed of" must signify some disposition of the property equally efficient and equally incompatible with any right in the state, present or potential, as deducible from the act of 1820 and the ordinance of the same year. Upon any other hypothesis, the right to the sixteenth section would attach under the provision of the act of 1820; the state would still have the title, and could recover the section specifically, and there would be no necessity for providing for an equivalent for that section.
Under our interpretation of the Acts of March 3, 1811, and of May 24, 1828, no title can have passed to the proprietors of the La Motte Mine lands. The reply of the Lieutenant Governor, Delassus, to the petition of the applicants for the mine acknowledges explicitly the absence of all power in that officer to make the grant asked for, and refers those petitioners to the intendant general as the only functionary possessing authority to make it. This officer took no further action upon the petition than to order its translation into the Castilian language.
On the 27th of December, 1811, this claim was before the commissioners for the examination of land titles in the State of chanrobles.com-red
Louisiana, and was rejected by them. From this period of time down to the 24th of May, 1828, no grant from the United States nor evidences of title from any source except those already referred to have been shown by the plaintiff or those under whom he claims. In the meantime, the United States, the undoubted legal owners of the land in controversy, by the Act of March 3, 1820, bestow it on the state, as they had full authority so to do -- bestow the specific section, it never having been disposed of within the intent and meaning of the 6th section of the act last mentioned.
The confirmation in 1828 and the patent of the 25th of March, 1839, professing to confer no title but such as remained in the United States at those periods respectively, and the grant of the sixteenth section in township 34, range east, comprised within the survey of the Mine la Motte, having been made seven years anterior to the confirmation, which constitutes the only ground of title in the claimants of the mine, the pretensions of the confirmees to the section in controversy must be regarded as without foundation and utterly null.
The view which this Court has taken of the evidence in this cause and of the law as applicable to that evidence dispenses with any necessity for an examination seriatim of the instructions asked by the plaintiff in error upon the trial of the indictment and refused by the court. It is sufficient to remark that the positions assumed in the instructions so prayed for, being incompatible with the law of this case as expounded by this Court, we deem those instructions to have been properly refused. It is the opinion of this Court that the decision of the Supreme Court of the State of Missouri pronounced in this cause, sustaining that of the circuit court, is correct and ought to be, as it is hereby
MR. JUSTICE NELSON.
I concur in the judgment of the Court upon the ground that, though the 10th section of the Act of March 3, 1811, had the effect to prevent the title of Missouri to this land from vesting until the final decision by Congress upon the claim of Valle and others, yet the Act of May 24, 1828, confirming lands to Valle and others, operated as such final decision, and, by its true construction, excepted out of the confirmation so much of the land as was included in section sixteen, the public surveys of the township having been made before the passage of the last-mentioned act. I do not know that the opinion of the Court is intended to go further than this. If it does, I do not assent thereto.
MR. JUSTICE CURTIS concurred with MR. JUSTICE NELSON.
MR. JUSTICE GRIER also concurred with MR. JUSTICE NELSON.


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text:
Microsoft/
Microsoft refused award-winning 'Heavy Rain' game due to child abduction plotline
By Sam Byford / @345triangle
Via Eurogamer | Source Digital Spy
Sep 4, 2013, 8:50 AM UTC |
David Cage, head of Beyond: Two Souls studio Quantic Dream, says that Microsoft turned down the chance to publish his company's PlayStation 3 hit Heavy Rain because it was "scared" of the potentially controversial storyline. Heavy Rain, which won a BAFTA award for Best Story in 2011, centers around a man's search for his abducted child, which Microsoft apparently took issue with.
"They were scared of the scandal."
"We had a very long talk and they loved [Quantic Dream's 2005 game] Fahrenheit, and they really wanted to do something with us," said Cage at a BAFTA event, in comments reported by Digital Spy. "They got scared by the fact that Heavy Rain was about kids being kidnapped, and they said, 'This is an issue, we want to change it.' Well, we could have kidnapped cats, it would be a different experience!"
Added Cage: "For me, that was a very interesting signal. It was like, you know what, I don't think we can work together, because you don't understand what I'm to achieve here. They were scared of the scandal and scared of what people may write and what people may think."
"It shouldn't be about blood and whatever, it should be about love."
Cage calls Microsoft a "great company" and insists he is not out to criticise the Xbox platform owner, but ultimately feels that Sony was more open to his ideas. "There should be a strong emotional experience, but it shouldn't be vulgar, it shouldn't be about blood and whatever, it should be about love," he says. "[Sony and Quantic Dream] could understand each other, and this is how Heavy Rain happened."
More from Microsoft
Computing 101: how to zip and unzip a file
No, Microsoft DirectStorage isn't slashing RTX 4090 performance by 10 percent


The airport is still the most lucrative advantage of Gurgaon that makes it score much higher than the other satellite townships within the NCR. Yet, the expansion of the city is moving further away from the airport and hence commuting there is becoming increasingly cumbersome. At this time, there is a new area that is moving back towards Delhi. The connectivity along the new Dwarka Expressway is the benefit that is unbeatable. Many new projects have been coming up in this area.
A fresh new commercial complex in this region is being offered by AMB Group of developers, called AMB Selfie Square. What sets this apart from other properties is that it aims to be near many posh residential complexes and thus will be a preferred hot spot that allows people to work close to their place of living.
The locational advantages of this complex are many. Strategically placed at Sector 37 – a nicely-planned region by HUDA – the place is close to the Delhi border, besides being smoothly connected to other parts of Gurgaon as well as the commercial hub of Manesar, via the NH-8. The other landmarks that lie close in its proximity include Diplomatic Enclave, Golf Course, upcoming Metro link, etc.
The project as such has been beautifully and spaciously planned within a capacious plot area of 4 acres of land. Supremely designed as a G + 12 floors' imposing structure, all the commercial spaces here are Vaastu-compliant and are available in the easy area range of 304 sq. ft. to 500 sq. ft.
The floors have been segregated well to increase the chances of a flourishing business and practicality of a larger footfall. The ground and the first floors are dedicated to high-end branded retail stores. The second floor is an entertainment hub with cinemas, restaurants, entertainment zone, and a huge food court. Above this, from the third floor upwards, there are commercial spaces for office setups.
The external facilities here are amazing. Amb Selfie Square Sector 37 boasts of a play-zone for kids, meditation centre, gym, clubhouse, day care centre, waiting lounge, ATM, sports areas, and even conference rooms for conducting business. Every shop has a wet point provision.
The whole campus has Wi-Fi connectivity, smart lifts, 24-hour power back-up & water supply, and skilled staff for its upkeep. The systems include clean restrooms and a well-maintained atrium. There are pockets of greenery inside the compound. There is a boundary wall and the access is controlled via manned and automatic means. Thus, it is a secure enclosure.
This property is quite affordable, with prices starting from Rs. 22 lakhs and going up to Rs. 26 lakhs in one segment. The other segment has a price range starting from Rs. 35 lakhs and going up to 50 lakhs. There is a 10% lease guarantee being offered.
All in all, it is a great option for those who would like to invest in the commercial space in Gurgaon.
Maximum units open towards central atriums with water fountains.
Separate entry, exits, ample parking.
Convenient power backup in the retail shopping area.
Five screen multiplex gaming zone for a vibrant time with friends and family.
Dedicated area for social get together and leisure activities.
Amphitheatre ideal for live concerts and gatherings.
Exclusive direct access to fine dining restaurants, food plaza and convenience stores for daily needs.


The need to function in multilingual environments and the fact that study abroad (SA) is believed to be one of the most efficient language learning contexts (Collentine, 2009) have boosted the popularity of SA programs. While numerous recent studies have examined the SA impact on oral fluency, vocabulary or writing, among others, certain areas, such as listening skills (Llanes, 2011), have yet to receive substantial attention. In an attempt to address this issue, a pretest-posttest design study was conducted to gauge the listening skills of 12 college students at the beginning and the end of a 5-week SA experience in Costa Rica. Results from non-parametric tests revealed that despite the brief duration of the program, participants' overall listening comprehension improved significantly. Individual analysis revealed that significant gains emerged in exit tasks in which the topic of conversation was kept consistent, suggesting that contextualization plays a crucial role in input comprehension.


text:
The Design Collective Group, Inc.
Who .
What .
When .
Where .
Why .
How .
Portfolio .
Kitchen Spaces
Bedroom Spaces
Bathroom Spaces
Club Design
Recents Spaces
Get This Guide
Providence Project
Condo Project
Monte Sereno Project
La Quinta Project
Rancho Mirage Project
An Artful Home Project
Testimonials + Awards
mitchscott
thompsonhardesty
Alta Residence
Bella Cara Way Residence
SilverSands
johnstevecabana
DunnCapitalFinal
NickbargCashen
3D Renderings
Makie Residence
Sun City Palm Desert
67 Canejo Circle Residence
Citrus Renovation
WardGade
M Bathroom @ Citrus Country Club
TrilogyCMCDesignConcepts
PCA-Interior Finishes
Eileen Gray : A Classic Designer
Eileen Gray, avant-garde artist, designer and architect, was one of the leading members of the Modern Design movement. While not as well known, she was a progressive pioneer in the execution of multi-purpose, built-in furniture and use of plywood, tubular steel, cork, plastic and other industrial materials.
Born in Ireland in 1878, the youngest child of a wealthy Anglo-Irish family, her father encouraged her in the study of the arts. She attended the Slade School of Fine Art in 1898 and traveled to Paris with her mother to attend the Exposition Universelle. It was a "world's fair" of sorts and it provided her much inspiration.
What is often unknown about Gray is that she studied for years in Paris with the Japanese lacquer artist Seizo Sugawara. There she mastered the art of lacquer and pushed the envelope of this craft adding gold, using silver and experimenting with texture in the finishes of cabinetry, moldings and screens, earning her a well respected name for her works.
The E-1027 Villa, the vacation retreat of Gray
She spent a career designing in much the same way as Frank Lloyd Wright ~ designing every element of the spaces.
Glass partitions, zinc-covered cabinets, corrugated sheet metal, transparent celluloid fabric used as mosquito netting. Gray used all those materials which resulted in a refined environment of comfort, utility and above all, beauty.
But it would be her design of one table that most know her by. This multipurpose piece is officially known as E-1027 Table, a piece she designed for her vacation house in southern France.
The Classic E-1027 Adjustable Table.
The cliff-side retreat was an L-shaped building with a flat-roof, floor to ceiling windows and a spiral stairway to the guest room. It was both open and compact. And the E-1027 tables moved about the house as needed, changing heights easily, sliding under furniture to save space.
Today, from classic traditional to modern contemporary interiors, the classic form and shape of these tables are used in every room and for a variety of purposes. Bunched together and adjusted to different heights, they make great bunch tables.
We carry a very fine reproduction of the E-1027 table. For us, it makes a great side table near one's favorite chair as a place for a drink, the remote control and the daily reading. But we've seen them used as night tables in a master bedroom.
................................................. • Michael A. Thomas, CAPS, FASID is a passionate interior designer that constantly examines the impact design has on the human experience.
Michael is an award winning interior designer based in Palm Desert, CA. He is a Professional Member of the American Society of Interior Designers and a member of the ASID College of Fellows.
As a Certified Aging In Place Specialist, he creates smart looking spaces that are safe and secure and create homes for a lifetime.
And with thirty plus years in the profession, he has honed his humor, elevated his passion for design and sharpened his wit to not take anything too seriously except his design work.
Case Study 101
Taliesin West
©1996 ~ 2022 The Design Collective Group, Inc. • All Rights Reserved •
73-350 El Paseo, Suite #103, Palm Desert, CA 92260
Voice: 760 - 322 - 3784
All Photos, Images + Text Are Copyrighted + Cannot Be Used Without First Obtaining Permission. -- 2022.


text:
Winters Past
As you listen to the blades scraping the frozen surface of the Hudson River, your mind pictures the ice yachts flying by at 80 miles per hour. You can feel the cold settle in your bones as you listen to John Sperr talk about the history of the pastime he adores.
Winters Past interviewee John Sperr often sailed his boat on Hudson River ice. Today, there are fewer opportunities.
But what you're hearing isn't necessarily what you're seeing; it's a soundwalk, providing commentary, audio, and interviews that anyone can download to their smartphone or iPod and listen to while taking a stroll.
"If you have a good imagination, you can listen anywhere," says Isaac Kestenbaum '03, co-creator of Winters Past with spouse Josie Holtzman '06, though their first soundwalk was meant to be heard while strolling on the Walkway over the Hudson, a pedestrian bridge that stretches from Poughkeepsie to Highland. The couple—both audio producers—spent part of their summer, fall, and winter working on the soundwalks, with plans to release more soon.
"They're all about winter and how it is changing due to climate change," Kestenbaum says. "The next one is about ice harvesting."
In early 2013, Kestenbaum and Holtzman applied for and received a grant from San Francisco-based Invoking the Pause to work on their project, Winters Past. The non-profit funds creative collaborations highlighting climate change.
John Sperr, an avid ice yachter and member of the Hudson River Ice Yacht Club, next to his ice yacht.
"We were doing most of our interviews in the summer, so we met with John Sperr on a 90-degree day up in Rhinebeck, in his house with the air conditioning on," Holtzman says. "It was actually kind of a testament to how powerful the experience of ice yachting is to him. We were worried it would be kind of hard to put people in the place of winter to recall it. I think it was more potent for him because it was this insanely hot day and he was still able to speak so poetically about the sport and wintertime, and what it means to him, and how much it has changed."
People used to sail ice yachts—think of a long, thin sailboat on skis—on the Hudson River all throughout the winter, Kestenbaum says. Taking a look at the river now, you can see how it wouldn't be impossible to ice yacht on it—at least not yet.
"One of the scientists said that there has sort of been a general decline in our expectations of what normal is," says Kestenbaum, who is a production manager at StoryCorps, an oral history non-profit.
The second soundwalk is broken up into several vignettes of about 3-5 minutes each, creating an audio album of winter memories, says Holtzman, who is also a sound artist and former producer for WNPR's Where We Live.
The third release, scheduled for the end of January, focuses on ice harvesting at Bantam Lake in Connecticut. Once the site of the Berkshire Ice Company, which harvested the ice blocks that trains would take directly to New York City, the lake now has only the remains of foundations that used to support enormous ice warehouses and workers' dormitories.
As with the Hudson River, Bantam Lake has seen lots of winter changes, Kestenbaum says. Where the ice was once 10-12 inches thick during the season, it now might top out at five inches, he says.
The soundwalk for the trip details information about the lake, ice harvesting, and the remains of the once-thriving business.
"Sometimes, we'll ask the listener to stop or close their eyes, or slow their pace, so there's some type of direction," Holtzman says. "When soundwalks work, imaged worlds and histories sync up with what you're doing."
The first two soundwalks are approximately 35 minutes long, she says.
"People just love to talk about [winter memories]. There's something about the wintertime that just brings everyone back. It brings up childlike awe and engagement with the natural world," she says.
For each soundwalk, the duo has to research and record background sounds. For instance, there wasn't any ice yachting going on when they interviewed Sperr in the summer, so they needed to find audio recordings online, Holtzman says. Then, there are the interviews with individuals that are recorded and edited, as well as the commentary. The idea, she says, is to provide a layered, cinematic treatment to the soundwalks, giving them a high quality.
To make the process more daunting, Holtzman and Kestenbaum were planning their wedding while creating Winters Past.
"We had the privilege and the task of planning a wedding and also figuring out how to work together for the first time. It's been a lot of fun and I think we learned about ourselves and each other," she says. "We realized we're a good team."
To listen to a Winters Past soundwalk, visit www.winterspast.org.
--Photos by Isaac Kestenbaum '03, John Fasulo, and C. Pujols.
Posted by Office of Communications Wednesday, January 22, 2014


text:
Q: Can't manage to use algorithm packages I'm trying to write some simple pseudocode but I just can't get it to work. It's pseudocode from another paper and I want to change it a little and put it in my paper.

This is the pseudocode I want to write. I tried algorithmicx, algorithm2e and pseudocode but I can't manage to do it with any of them. Are there easier packages for writing pseudocode? I spent the whole morning trying to write an other piece of pseudocode using algorithm2e and it took way too long and the result still looks bad.
And now I get an error that is just ridiculous.
    ! Argument of \algocf@If has an extra }.
    <inserted text>
                    \par
    l.98            \If
                 {all variables assigned}

This is my code (it should be the same as the image):
    \begin{algorithm}
    \begin{algorithmic}
        \Loop
            propagate() - propagate unit clauses
            \If {not conflict}
                \If {all variables assigned}
                    \return SATISFIABLE
                \Else
                    decide() - pick a new variable and assign it
                \EndIf
            \Else
                analyse() - analyze comflict and add a conflict clause
                \If{top-level conflict found}
                    \return UNSATISFIABLE
                \Else
                    backtrack() - undo assignments until conflict clause is unit
                \EndIf
            \EndIf
        \EndLoop
    \end{algorithmic}
    \caption{miniSAT\label{lss}}
    \end{algorithm}

sigh, so frustrating, I hate latex so much why isn't there an alternative.
Anyway, if you can help me, thanks a lot, I'm really desperate at this point.

A: It's not very clear what you're using; there's probably a package conflict and also wrong syntax. This produces an output that should be what you want:
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{algorithm,algorithmic}

\begin{document}

\begin{algorithm}
\begin{algorithmic}
  \LOOP
    \STATE  propagate() - propagate unit clauses
    \IF {not conflict}
      \IF {all variables assigned}
        \RETURN SATISFIABLE
      \ELSE
        \STATE decide() - pick a new variable and assign it
      \ENDIF
    \ELSE
      \STATE analyse() - analyze comflict and add a conflict clause
      \IF{top-level conflict found}
        \RETURN UNSATISFIABLE
      \ELSE
        \STATE backtrack() - undo assignments until conflict clause is unit
      \ENDIF
    \ENDIF
  \ENDLOOP
\end{algorithmic}
\caption{miniSAT\label{lss}}
\end{algorithm}

\end{document}

A: The code snippet resembles the syntax of algpseudocode (from algorithmicx). I've redefined the required \Return command, and also defined \funccall (short for func tion call) that sets its argument in italics. It also seems like each functional call has an accompanying comment, which I've set using \Comment:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{algorithm}% http://ctan.org/pkg/algorithms
\usepackage{algpseudocode}% http://ctan.org/pkg/algorithmicx

\algrenewcommand{\Return}{\State \textbf{return}\ }
\algnewcommand{\funccall}[1]{\textit{#1}}% Function call
\begin{document}
\begin{algorithm}
  \begin{algorithmic}
    \Loop
      \State \funccall{propagate}() \Comment{propagate unit clauses}
      \If {not conflict}
        \If {all variables assigned}
          \Return SATISFIABLE
        \Else
          \State \funccall{decide}() \Comment{pick a new variable and assign it}
        \EndIf
      \Else
        \State \funccall{analyse}() \Comment{analyze comflict and add a conflict clause}
        \If{top-level conflict found}
          \Return UNSATISFIABLE
        \Else
          \State \funccall{backtrack}() \Comment{undo assignments until conflict clause is unit}
        \EndIf
      \EndIf
    \EndLoop
  \end{algorithmic}
  \caption{miniSAT\label{lss}}
\end{algorithm}
\end{document}

For each code segment to be on a new line, it has to use some form of \State command. \Loop, \If, \Else, ... are all defined in terms of \State and therefore don't need to explicitly be called as such. However, your function calls are unknown to algorithmic as being a \State, so you need to insert this manually.
Adding line numbers is as simple as using \begin{algorithmic}[1] instead of just \begin{algorithmic}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Radio broadcasting has played a significant role in Pakistan since its independence. Over the years it has evolved and continues to captivate audiences.
"Hum Toh Hai Deewane Multan Ke."
Just Bollywood returns for its 5th year and this time in London. DESIblitz speaks with some of the choreographers in the gear up to this year's competition.
"Three indian origin players in one team, Bhangra to Banta hai boss."


text:
// key: compiler.err.multicatch.not.supported.in.source
// options: -source 1.6 -Xlint:-options

class MulticatchNotSupported {
    class E1 extends Exception { }
    class E2 extends Exception { }

    void e1() throws E1 { }
    void e2() throws E2 { }

    void m() {
        try {
            e1();
            e2();
        } catch (final E1 | E2 e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}


When people hear the word "scarcity," they tend to panic. Run for the hills, full blown hysteria. When it comes to programmatic scarcity, keep calm and carry on. Why? Because the whole media ecosystem is finally coming around. Suppliers are beginning to focus on quality. And marketers- they want the best placed, greatest impact, premium inventory they can get their hands on.
Scale growth has leveled off. You can't just scoop up a bunch of inventory for dirt cheap…anymore. Quantity is dead, and quality is where it's at.
So, what brought us here? Well simply put, publishers' ad server infrastructures couldn't support what we're talking about. Enter header bidding. It's changing the game. It can easily be laid over so to speak the existing technology, and everyone wins. Publishers know the market value of their inventory, and marketers have access to the crème de la crème inventory.


Radio Interview with NHLOA Member Kendrick Nicholson on his NHL debut.
By Fred Wallace, Bayshore Broadcasting.
Former Sauble Beach resident Kendrick Nicholson is pursuing full time work as a National Hockey League referee.
After a lengthy term in the Ontario Hockey League as a linesman, Nicholson rocketed up the referee's ladder in the OHL and made his National Hockey League debut January 17th at Ottawa in a game the Senators lost 3-2 to the Carolina Hurricanes.
By pure coincidence, Fred Wallace was at the Senators-Carolina game that night and was able to witness Nicholson's debut.
NHL policy restricts game officials from media requests early in their careers, but after a second outing officiating a game between St Louis & Columbus in early February, the NHL coordinated an interview with Kendrick Nicholson pertaining to his NHL debut.


text:
Early English Oak
Caring for Antiques
Back Issues of Acorns
Small Oak
Brass/Bronze
Meaningless Gothic
Many alms dishes made in Nuremberg in the sixteenth century have a band of Gothic script around the central boss. Our clients sometimes ask us what this means. The answer is simple: absolutely nothing. The script is totally meaningless and is for decoration only.
The band of script typically consists of four identical quarter-round segments each containing the same bunch of letters. Some dishes had little knobs between the segments to ensure that the die lined up correctly and finished in exactly the right spot to complete a perfect circle.
Gothic script was just one of the decorative elements available to the Nuremberg braziers -- sometimes they used it, sometimes they didn't.
It may have been literally meaningless, but the Gothic script did convey something about the owner: it told the recipients of the alms that the man giving them his left-over food was educated and literate -- and was thus much to be admired.
Giving alms to the poor was one of the social responsibilities of the aristocracy or landed gentry, and most great households had an almoner whose job it was to dish them out. These lords of the manor purposely cooked larger meals than were necessary so that there would be plenty of leftovers to feed the poor who gathered at the back door every evening.
The gothic script ensured that when the poor received the food, they also received a message about the man who had given it. Even when Gothic lettering was used in books to convey meaning, to the illiterate it was both decorative and symbolic.
Tudor panel, mellowed beeswax finish.
Limed oak panel, c. 1530
Sixteenth-century oak and 16th-century women were both worried about putting their best face forward to the public. Women were concerned to show their beauty (the word here is actually a code for class identity), and beauty depended on the whitest possible skin. The fact that lower-class women had darker or rosier skin from their exposure to the elements, the cooking fire, and so on was rarely mentioned but was really the driver of artificial whiteness.
To achieve this whiteness, upper-class women employed means that horrify us today: they plastered their faces with "ceruse," a paste made of white lead and vinegar that was known as "spirits of Saturn." Many died of lead poisoning, an early death hastened by the parallel practice of using a lipstick that contained red lead.
The joiners who paneled the walls of the new domestic (rather than fortified) houses of the Tudor period were faced with a similar problem. Carved oak in medieval churches was not stained but left to age naturally.
Early Tudor houses were often filled with smoke and other pollutants from fires and cooking, so the paneling (and furniture) could not be left raw. The most common protective finish was colorless beeswax, which today has mellowed into a beautiful honey color.
But so-called "limed" oak was also used, usually for paneling. "Limed" was a misnomer (we've been unable to find when the term was first used): lime had nothing to do with it. Raw oak was "cerused": the same paste that Queen Elizabeth applied to her face was rubbed into the grain of the oak to preserve and lighten it.
Most Tudor houses were poorly lit, and whitened paneling would have made the rooms brighter.
For an exceptional example currently in our inventory, click here.
©2018 Fiske & Freeman
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