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Home » Environment and Occupational Health , Environmental Clearance , environmental lawlessness , Laws and Legislations , Urban Crisis » TWA's submission on violation of environmental clearance conditions by Jindal's waste to energy plant in Delhi's Okhla residential & ecologically fragile area
TWA's submission on violation of environmental clearance conditions by Jindal's waste to energy plant in Delhi's Okhla residential & ecologically fragile area
Written By Unknown on Wednesday, June 08, 2016 | 4:18 AM
Shri Anil Razdan
Experts Appraisal Committee (EAC) on Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects + CRZ,
Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Indira Paryavaran Bhavan
Jorbagh Road
Date: 8th June, 2016
Subject- TWA's submission on violation of environmental clearance conditions by Jindal's waste to energy plant in Delhi's Okhla residential and ecologically fragile area
This is to bring to your notice the massive construction underway at the incineration technology based Waste-to-Energy plant of The Timarpur Waste Management Company Pvt. Ltd. (TWMCPL), M/s Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited (JUIL), a company of M/s Jindal Saw Group Limited at Sukhdev Vihar, Okhla in the vicinity of Hazi colony, Gaffar Manzil and several residential and sensitive institutional entities besides Okhla Bird Sanctuary. The residents of Okhla region are quite perturbed and alarmed about it. A concrete mix plant has been erected to construct an additional structure. These additional and modification activities are in violation of the conditions laid down in the environmental clearance letter.
I submit that this construction is underway without any fresh Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report and Public Hearing giving details of the additional activity. This activity is in addition to deviation in technology for which environmental clearance was obtained. It has resulted in severe pollution to the environment. The fact is that contrary to the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report, bio-methanation plant and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) units do not exist. This plant violates siting norms for polluting industries, being barely 150 meters from long-established residential areas, posing a threat to life of residents.
I submit that no residential locality in its sanity can give consent to allow some 2,000 MT of unsegregated municipal waste to be incinerated daily in their locality. They cannot be expected to be superior bearers of risk. The EAC cannot turn a blind eye to serious health hazard to tens of thousands of people living and working in this ecologically-sensitive area. It is noteworthy that two major hospitals in the area have complained to the Prime Minister's office about the hazards to patients.
The claims made in the Compliance Report for the Period 01.10.2012 to 31.03.2013 for the Project Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing Complex (waste to energy plant) at Okhla by M/s Timarpur-Okhla Waste Management Co. Pvt. Ltd with regard to the Specific Conditions and General Conditions laid down in the Environment Clearance Letter No. : D/SD/DG dated 23-1/2006-IA-III Dated 21.03.2007 and 09.05. 2007 are factually incorrect and misleading.
Specific Condition reads: No Objection Certificate from the Delhi pollution Control committee should be obtained before initiating the project.
Status of Compliance: Delhi Pollution Control Committee has issued show cause notice to the project proponent and denied it authorisation or consent to operate during the last monitoring period.
Specific Conditions reads: "To minimize odour and aestheics, it should be ensured that waste will be directly unloaded into specifically designed pits. The air contained in the complex should be suitable treated with wet scrubbing method before lettering out in the atmosphere."
Status of Compliance: The entire Okhla region surrounding the waste to energy plant is contaminated with toxic ash emanating from the plant. The air pollutants from this plant contribute to the overall air pollution in Delhi that is having adverse health impact and reducing life span of the individuals.
General Condition reads: In case of diversion or alteration in the project including the implementing agency, fresh references should be made to Ministry for modification in the clearances conditions or imposition of new one for ensuring environmental protection. The project proponents should be responsible for implementing the suggested safeguard
Status of Compliance: Although there has been admitted "diversion or alteration in the project including the implementing agency" especially with regard to technology, no fresh references has been made to Ministry for modification in the clearances conditions or imposition of new one for ensuring environmental protection.
This violation of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 is part of ongoing violations by this project proponent from the very outset. This fact has been admitted by the Union Minister of Environment & Forests in his letter to the Chief Minister of Delhi.
I submit the following in this regard:
1. It all started with the plan of The Timarpur Waste Management Company Pvt. Ltd. (TWMCPL), a subsidiary of Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd. (IL&FS) to generate 6 MW of electricity from the project at Timarpur, Delhi. The plant got subsequently owned by M/s Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited (JUIL), a company of M/s Jindal Saw Group Limited. At the outset it planned to process and to treat 214,500 MT of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and produce 69,000 MT of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in a year as per company's Project Design Document (PDD) submitted to United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)'s CDM Executive Board. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Municipal Solid Waste facility at Okhla was submitted by New Delhi Waste Processing Company Private Limited, Okhla, New Delhi (NDWPCL), Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS). Thus, one arm of the company ILFS proposed the project and another arm of the same company prepared the EIA report. A case of conflict of interest is quite manifest.
2. The report prepared in December 2006 is full of flaws. This 155 page long document is ridden with flaws.
3. The header on all the pages of EIA report reads "Rapid EIA – Okhla Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing Facility", so it won't be incorrect to say that this is not a comprehensive assessment of project activity and its likely impacts on health and environment. That's a different matter; if "Full or Detailed EIA" is not mandatory for this kind of project activity (we are sure this won't be true).
4. Page 30 of EIA reads "Since this being a rapid EIA, only one season data was collected".
5. If you read page 63/64, where the ecological environment has been described, it says "The proposed project is at the landfill site, near STP located in Okhla industrial area in the southern part of Delhi." This description is factually and technically incorrect because the piece of land where the waste to energy project has been constructed is not a 'landfill" site and has historically never been a landfill site. Moreover, because of the geography of this area, a landfill site can never be created here. This is not part of Okhla Industrial Area. All this misrepresentation has been done intentionally to give the impression that this is being located in the industrial area.
6. At page 102, EIA report concludes that "….no likely adverse impact on people's health is predicted" (i.e. during the operation phase). This is factually not correct as has been borne out by the order of Delhi High Court pertaining to a plant using similar incinerator technology at the same location. The landmark judgment in Writ Petition (C) No. 6976
of 2008 refers to 'The summary of "Epidemiological Studies on Adverse Health Effects Associated with Incineration" would show that medical waste incinerators are a leading source of dioxins and mercury in the environment and there is link between incinerator emissions and adverse health impacts on incinerator workers and residents living around the incinerators.'
7. The observations made in the judgment will have far reaching implications. It reads: "Both older and more modern incinerators can contribute to the contamination of local soil and vegetation with dioxins and heavy metals. In several European countries, cow's milk from farms located in the vicinity of incinerators has been found to contain elevated levels of dioxin, in some cases above regulatory limits. Increased levels of dioxins have been found in the tissues of residents near to incinerators in the UK, Spain and Japan. At an incinerator in Finland, mercury was increased in hair of residents living in the vicinity. Children living near a modern incinerator in Spain were found to have elevated levels of urinary thioethers, a biomarker of toxic exposure. " It notes that "After 2 years of operation of incinerator, dioxins levels were found increased by about 25% in both groups living between 0.5 to 1.5 and 3.5 to 4.0 km away (201 people) of people. In the repeat analysis, the increase was in the range of 10-15%". It records that "Mothers living close to incinerators and crematoria from 1956 to 1993" showed "increased risk of lethal congenital abnormalities, in particular, spinal bifida and heart defects, near incinerators: increased risk of stillbirths and anacephalus near crematoria". With regard to "Residents from 7 to 64 years old living within 5 km of an incinerator and the incinerator workers" the judgment observes, "Levels of mercury in hair increased with closer proximity to the incinerator during a 10 year period".
8. This judgment found that "Residents living within 10 km of an incinerator, refinery, and waste disposal site" showed "Significant increase in laryngeal cancer in men living with closer proximity to the incinerator and other pollution sources". The "Residents living around an incinerator and other pollution sources" showed "Significant increase in lung cancer related specifically to the incinerator". The "People living within 7.5 km of 72 incinerators" displayed "Risks of all cancers and specifically of stomach, colorectal, liver and lung cancer increased with closer proximity to incinerators". The order observes, "10. In Master Plan for Delhi, 2021, notified on 07.02.2007, hazardous waste processing viz. hospital/medical/industrial waste is amongst the industries, manufacturing of which shall be prohibited within National Capital Territory of Delhi." It is not in dispute that Delhi's municipal waste has hazardous waste characteristics. It is noteworthy that the biomedical waste incinerator which now been removed was located exactly in the vicinity of the residential colonies and Jindal's controversial municipal waste incinerator. The Hon'ble Court observed that "This is a mandatory requirement of the guidelines issued by CPCB, that such facility should be far away from residential and sensitive areas" The same holds true for the location of the Jindal's municipal waste based incinerator plant.
9. In such a backdrop, it is not surprising that Jindal's municipal waste to energy plant based on incinerator technology in question faces bitter opposition from residents, environmental groups and waste pickers of Delhi. The plant is just 1.7-km away from the Okhla Bird Sanctuary. The sanctuary is situated at the entrance of Noida in Gautam Budh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. An area of 3.5 square kilometres on the river Yamuna was notified as a bird sanctuary by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in 1990. The Jindal's power plant is sandwiched between an eco sensitive zone and the residential colonies. The plant is situated at a distance of less than 50-100 meters from the residential colonies. This hazardous plant has an adverse impact on a large number of transcontinental migratory birds that visit the Okhla sanctuary. Their numbers have decreased over the years.
10. Not only that there is a large lake which lies sandwiched between Okhla village towards the west and Gautam Budh Nagar towards the east, the impact of the plant on this water source was not been disclosed in the Environment Impact Assessment report of the plant. This plant does not have the required mandatory clearances from the National Board for Wildlife. The sanctuary is approachable from Mathura Road (NH-2), via Sarita Vihar going towards NOIDA. The nearest stations of Delhi Metro are Sarita Vihar and Jasola Apollo metro station. This also reveals that the plant located in the vicinity of the sanctuary is amidst densely populated residential area. It is quite disturbing that Okhla's vegetable market (subzi mandi) is getting submerged in the ashes which emerge from the plant which is burning some 2050 Metric Tons of mixed municipal waste which has hazardous waste characteristics.
11. It is quite appropriate that Hazardous Substances Management Division (HSMD), MoEFCC has framed the Draft Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules to replace the pre-existing Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 given the fact that Indian municipal waste does have hazardous waste characteristics.
12. This Jindal's waste based power plant is situated not only in the proximity of New Friends Colony, Maharani Bagh, Sukhdev Vihar and the business district Nehru Place - but also several
prominent institutions, including hospitals like Apollo, Escorts and Holy Family. But disregarding these habitations of birds and humans and a number of binding guidelines from multiple state agencies and Supreme Court directive, the plant has deployed unapproved and untested Chinese technology for power generation from burning the garbage unmindful of its human and environmental cost due to emissions of pollutants like persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. This has serious health and environment implications for the residents of National Capital Region (NCR) in general and Okhla and NOIDA residents in particular.
13. It is noteworthy that transboundary air pollution from plant is adversely affecting Delhi's Okhla vegetable market and UP's NOIDA areas. South Delhi's residents in Okhla face toxic dust as Jindal's waste based power plant in Sukhdev Vihar, Okhla spews out large clouds of thick emissions. Residents are left choking and spluttering and suffered severe eye irritation in Sukhdev Vihar which is barely 100 metres from the plant. Much of Sukhdev Vihar, Hazi colony, Gaffar Manzil and adjoining colonies including Jamia Milia Islamia and hospitals remains blanketed by soapy brown ash which had to be cleaned off floors, cars and even trees and shrubbery. The plant is amidst institutions of national importance like Central Road Research Institute, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology and the Indian Institute of Information Technology. Such toxic emissions from the Jindal's power plant in an ecologically sensitive area and thickly populated area has become a routine affair with all the concerned authorities turning a blind eye towards this illegitimate and illegal act.
14. This plant has violated all the rules in the rule book. The polluting potential of a plant using municipal solid waste as fuel is serious. Emissions include suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and dioxins and furans, the most toxic substances known to mankind.
15. Besides violating all the relevant laws and rules, this plant is violation of Wildlife Protection Act 1972 creating a compelling reason for the closure of this plant. The plant became operational in 2012 but it is using untested and unapproved Chinese incinerator technology, a fact noted in the report of the Central Pollution Control Board committee constituted after a delegation had met the Union Minister of Environment & Forests pursuant to his site visit of the plant. It is noteworthy that the Hon'ble Minister had written to the then Chief Minister, NCT of Delhi underling that the plant is functioning in violation of environmental regulations.
16. It is noteworthy that the 'White Paper on Pollution in Delhi with an Action Plan' prepared by Union Ministry of Environment and Forests. The White Paper says, "The experience of the incineration plant at Timarpur, Delhi and the briquette plant at Bombay support the fact that thermal treatment of municipal solid waste is not feasible, in situations where the waste has a low calorific value. A critical analysis of biological treatment as an option was undertaken for processing of municipal solid waste in Delhi and it has been recommended that composting will be a viable option. Considering the large quantities of waste requiring to be processed, a mechanical composting plant will be needed." The paper is available on Ministry's website.
17. The failure of Delhi's Timarpur waste to energy plant, Hon'ble Delhi High Court had ordered an enquiry by the Comptroller Auditor General (CAG). In its annual report dated March 1990, the Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG) observed, "The Refuse Incinerator-cum-Power Generation Plant installed by Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources in March 1985 remained inoperative since its installation. The Ministry failed to utilise or dispose off the inoperative plant and incurred an expenditure of Rs 1.25 crore on maintenance and insurance of the plant." The project was scrapped in July 1990. It is germane to note that Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy which is now part of Ministry of Power provides a subsidy of Rs 1.5 crore/MW is distorting waste management in the country including Delhi.
18. As per Hon'ble Supreme Court's order in the Writ Petition (Civil) No.888 of 1996 such subsidies are not meant for incinerator plants like the one in Okhla. Hon'ble Court's order dated 6th May, 2005 said, "...we hope that till the position is clear, the Government would not sanction any further subsidies." It is noteworthy that on 15th May, 2007, the Court's order "permit (s) Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) to go ahead for the time being with 5 pilot projects chosen by them" but it is noteworthy that this refers specifically to bio-methanation technology. MNES is renamed as Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). It has been revealed through RTI that neither the proposed Delhi's waste to energy incinerator projects one of those 5 pilot projects nor is it based on the recommended technology.
19. It is apparent that amendments made in the EC have been made to gain this assistance of Rs 1.5 crore/MW even as the stay by the Hon'ble Supreme Court on sanction of any further subsidies for projects on energy recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes continues to be in force, in manifest violation of Court's order. It is relevant to take note of an order of Union Ministry of Renewable Energy (MNRE) order in this regard. It reads: "Projects for power generation from MSW through a two-stage process involving production of RDF by processing of MSW and it's combustion for generation of power are proposed to be taken up in a fast track mode. ...The developers will be selected on the basis of a bid for minimum amount of financial assistance (or 'viability gap' funding) within an overall ceiling of Rs 1.50 crore per MW." In the light of the Court's order MNRE must be persuaded to withdraw or modify its letter (No.10/3/2005-UICA) to stop promotion of polluting technologies like incinerators.
20. Hon'ble Supreme Court is quite categorical in saying, "The Committee has recommended that projects based on bio-methanation of MSW should be taken up only on segregated/uniform waste unless it is demonstrated that in Indian conditions, the waste segregation plant/process can separate waste suitable for bio-methanation. It has opined that there is a need to take up pilot projects that promote integrated systems for segregation/collection/ transportation and processing and treatment of waste. In view of the report of the Committee and having regard to the relevant facts, we modify the order passed by this Court earlier and permit Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) to go ahead for the time being with 5 pilot projects chosen by them, keeping in view the recommendations made by the Expert Committee and then take appropriate decision in the matter." Despite this Delhi Government has erred in supporting illegal waste to energy incinerators in Delhi which is contrary to the Hon'ble Court's order.
21. It must be recalled that Delhi Government had falsely claimed in the Hon'ble High Court that it was one of the five projects cleared by Hon'ble Supreme Court leading to dismissal of petition filed by residents but when the Hon'ble High Court later found to its shock that such a claim was manifestly untrue, the petition was restored. It was in March 2009 that Writ Petition (Civil) No. 9901 of 2009 which was initially dismissed on 12th August, 2009 because of misrepresentation of facts by Shri A S Chandiok the then Additional Solicitor General. Hon'ble High Court later found that it was misled earlier which had led to it dismissing the petition. The Petition was restored by an order dated 15th January, 2010. In the presence of Shri A.S. Chandihok, the bench headed by the Chief Justice, Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the order observed, "that the project in question" and "the location of the pilot project in Delhi was neither recommended by the Expert Committee nor approved by the Supreme Court."
22. The attached certificate of Host Country Approval dated 15th May, 2007 given by National CDM Authority to the project of The Timarpur Waste Management Company Pvt. Ltd. (TWMCPL), a subsidiary of Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd. (IL&FS) is quite relevant and merits your attention. This approval was given after is consideration by the NCDMA on 30th March, 2007. It was confirmed based on submissions by the company prior to approval and prior to registration with UNFCCC's CDM Executive Board that "The project contributes to Sustainable Development in India". Post registration changes establish beyond any reasonable doubt that the project does not contribute to Sustainable Development and sets a very bad precedent for the country in particular. It puts the communities and the ecosystem of Okhla, Delhi to enormous risk which cannot be deemed acceptable.
23. The country approval laid down certain specific conditions which are required to be complied with "during the lifetime of the project". The approval conditions stated categorically that "This approval is not transferrable. The authority reserves the right to revoke this Host Country Approval if the conditions stipulated in this approval are not complied with to the satisfaction of the National CDM Authority."
24. The conditions stipulated in the approval certificate have not been complied with the project in this question. It must be noted that the approval was given to The Timarpur Waste Management Company Pvt. Ltd. (TWMCPL), a subsidiary of Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd. (IL&FS) but the approval was transferred to Timarpur-Okhla Waste Management Co Pvt Ltd (TOWMCL) of M/s Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited (JUIL), a company of M/s Jindal Saw Group Limited. This clearly implies that the conditions have been violated.
25. Besides this the approval certificate states "The TOWMCL shall obtain all statutory clearances and other approvals as required from the competent authorities for setting up of the project." It is evident from the Validation opinion for post registration changes provided by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) that the "statutory clearances" which were obtained pre registration were not and has not been obtained post registration. This also clearly shows that Host Country Approval "conditions stipulated" in the approval have not been complied with. This creates a full proof compelling logic for the National CDM Authority which admittedly has the "right to revoke this Host Country Approval" to revoke the approval granted to this project.
26. There is an inexcusable admitted deviation from approved and validated technology in the matter of Clean Development Management (CDM) project by Delhi's Timarpur-Okhla Waste Management Co Pvt Ltd (TOWMCL) of M/s Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited (JUIL), a company of M/s Jindal Saw Group Limited.
27. The company submitted the 52 -page long PDD (Version 2) to the Board as CDM project activity to earn carbon credit. The project got listed before the board on 23rd May, 2006, and the CDM Executive Board invited public comments until 21st June, 2006. Subsequently, there was 90- page long Version 04 of PDD of The Timarpur –Okhla Waste Management Company Pvt Ltd's (TOWMCL) dated 6th September, 2007. Prior to that there Version 03 of PDD dated 28th July, 2006. Then there was PDD Version 03.1. The initial request for registration was submitted on 3rd March, 2007 by Designated Operational Entity (DOE) through Mr Siddarth Yadav of Société Générale de Surveillance (currently known as SGS), a Switzerland and United Kingdom based DOE. The project got registered on 10th November, 2007. Prior to the registration I had submitted elaborate comments in this regard. The same is available on UNFCCC's CDM Executive Board's website at http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/9JGKQMHTCBE61J51WVVT1AIH7DUW0H/view.html Subsequently, the 55 -page long PDD Version Number 9 titled Version 04. 1 dated 30th January, 2014 was published on the Board's website following request for post-registration changes.
28. As per Validation opinion for post registration changes provided by Det Norske Veritas (DNV), an Oslo based international certification body and classification society dated 27th May, 2014, new "parameters are now proposed to be additionally monitored consequent upon the technology adopted" by TOWMCL. These include monitoring of average additional distance travelled by vehicle for ash and inert disposal compared to the baseline in year y is now proposed to be monitored to account for the project emission. It also includes monitoring of "Amount of RDF used outside the project boundary is proposed to be monitored based on the sale invoice. There will normally be no sale and the parameter is used for project emission calculations." It adds, "Weight of RDF sold offsite for which no sale invoices can be provided is also monitored .The quantity will be monitored based on weigh bridge report and is being monitored to account for project emission." It states "Monitored content of methane in the stack gas from RDF combustion in year y. This will be monitored by third party on quarterly basis. This parameter is being monitored to account for project emission." It submits "Monitored content of nitrous oxide in the stack gas from RDF combustion in year y. This will be monitored by third party on quarterly basis. This parameter is being monitored to account for project emission."
29. Every claim made about RDF is misplaced and an exercise in glaring misrepresentation of facts. It is not surprising that residents have noticed how efforts are on within the premises of the plant to set up a structure in one corner to justify claims regarding RDF.
30. The Validation Opinion informs that as per the registered PDD Version 1 , the project activity was envisaged to be developed at two different location, i.e. Timarpur and Okhla with 650 Tonne Per Day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to be process ed at the Timarpur site while 1300 TPD of MSW was envisaged to be processed at Okhla site for the preparation of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Additionally, 100 TPD of green waste (waste collected from garden like dry leaves, cut grass, etc) was to be utilized at Okhla site biomethanation plant for generation of biogas. It was also envisaged to generate electricity to the tune of 16 MW by utilizing the RDF produced from the project activity. However while implementing the project, Timapur site was not considered and the total quantity of waste of 2050 tonnes per day is now processed at Okhla site. The green waste is not being provided as envisaged earlier but additional 100 TPD of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is being provided that is total of 2050 TPD of waste is provided for processing. Due to the technology adopted it is estimated that from the RDF produced 20.9 MW of power can be generated instead of 16 MW envisaged due to better efficiency consequent to preheating of the input waste. The biomethanation and composting plants were also not required due to change in design as green waste not being made available for processing. The reference to "the technology" is to city refuse incinerator of China's Hangzhou Boiler Group Co., Ltd that engages in the installation of boiler.
31. As per DNV's opinion the start date of the project activity was revised to 27th November, 2009 which was the date of issue of purchase order for the boiler which is the first order issued. DNV from the documents verified /3//5//7/ and from the site visit interviews / 24 / can confirm that the changes in the project activity occurred after the registration of the project activity on 10th November, 2007. The verified documents refer to Dalkta Energy Services Ltd : Detailed project report dated 4 May 2009, Timarpur-Okhla Waste Management Company Private Ltd.: Board resolution on adopting new technology dated 24th June, 2009 and Timarpur – Okhla Waste Management Company Private Ltd.: Contract for supply Plant and Machinery with Hanzhou Boiler Group dated 27th November, 2009 respectively.
32. It is recorded that "DNV from the interviews and perusal of documents find that, the project participant was not allocated the green waste that was assured earlier and the waste supplied to the project activity was to be processed at two locations Okhla and Timarpur. Subsequently the waste is being processed only at Okhla only /3//6//9/. This resulted in changes in the project design."
33. It is also recorded that "from the verification of documents /3//5//7//11//, DNV can conclude that the changes were not known to the project participant prior to the registration of the project activity." The verified documents refer to Dalkta Energy Services Ltd: Detailed project report dated 4 May 2009, ICICI Bank : Enhanced loan sanction letter dated 24 December 2009 and Delhi Pollution Control Committee : Consent letter T - 12/458TO465 dated 20/11/12 respectively.
34. Responding to the comments received from stakeholders, the CDM Executive Board's Form asked the project proponent the question:"What are the measures taken by the Company regarding the environmental aspects?" mentioned in the PDD. The project proponent replied, "The Project Proponents has taken adequate measures regarding the environmental aspects and the SPM, SO2 & NOX levels will comply with all the regulatory requirements. Further Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the project has also been carried out. The Environment Management Plan (EMP), Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) in the EIA report takes care of all the environmental issues."
35. The 31- page long report of CPCB communicated on 22nd March, 2012 on the Timarpur - Okhla Waste to Energy Incinerator Plant of Shri Prithivraj Jindal"s JITF Urban Infrastructure Limited (Jindal Ecopolis) is based on three meetings of the Technical Experts Evaluation Committee held on 26th April, 2011, 11th August, 2011 and 22nd September, 2011. This report underlined that that the operation of Jindal's waste burning based power plant is an act of environmental lawlessness in the heart of the national capital.
36. The Terms of Reference (ToR) given by Union Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF)'s Experts Appraisal Committee (EAC) to the project in question specifically demanded "Disaster Management Plan" (DMP) but the CPCB's Technical Evaluation Committee constituted by the then Union Minister of Environment & Forests headed by Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) observed in its report that the DMP plan has not been prepared.
37. The Jindal's power plant in Okhla is amidst residential colonials and institutions of national importance like Central Road Research Institute, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology and the Indian Institute of Information Technology. Such toxic emissions from the Jindal's power plant in an ecologically sensitive area and thickly populated area has become a routine affair with all the concerned authorities turning a blind eye towards this illegitimate and illegal act. This plant has violated all the rules in the rule book.
38. The plant is using untested and unapproved Chinese incinerator technology, a fact noted in the report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) committee constituted after a delegation had met Shri Jairam Ramesh, the then Union Minister of Environment & Forests pursuant to his site visit of the plant. It is noteworthy that the Union Environment Minister had written to the then Chief Minister, Delhi underling that the plant is functioning in violation of environmental regulations.
39. The plant in question is situated in a green belt. It is in contravention of section 3(2) (v) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Rule 5 (ix) of Environment (protection) Rules, 1986 and Guidelines for Establishment of Industries issued by Ministry of Environment & Forests. Besides violating all the relevant laws and rules, this plant is violation of Wildlife Protection Act 1972 creating a compelling reason for the closure of this plant. That now a bizarre situation has emerged because the arguments for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) incineration technology that was advanced by the company before the MoEF and the UNFCC's CDM Executive Board are no more relevant because the plant is using an experimental Chinese technology which was never ever mentioned at the time of submitting the project proposal or in its EIA report based on which a so-called Public Hearing was conducted in Saket in the presence of two officials only as per records. It was CPCB's report that disclosed that Jindal's power plant was using an unapproved technology.
40. Having studied the details of the project and its impacts, I submit that EAC ought to devise ways to stop such hazardous projects from being designated as sustainable development and CDM projects. It is also submitted that for a project to qualify as climate change mitigating project it is necessary that it excludes waste incineration -- including waste pelletisation or RDF, pyrolysis, gasification systems -- technologies. Incineration produces pollutants which are detrimental to health and the environment. Incineration is expensive and does not eliminate or adequately control the toxic emissions from today's chemically complex municipal discards. Even the latest incinerators release toxic metals, dioxins, and acid gases. Far from eliminating the need for a landfill, waste incinerator systems produce toxic ash and other residues. Such projects disperse incinerator ash throughout the environment and subsequently enter our food chain.
41. The Project Design Document (PDD) deliberately chose not to mention emission of dioxins and heavy metals and thus does not mention the method to deal with such emissions. Dioxins are the most lethal Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) which are associated with irreparable environmental health consequences. It did not reveal that the project is situated in an ecologically fragile and a densely residential area adjoining a bird sanctuary and a wetland.
42. The TOWMCL's agreement with Siemens Ltd: Agreement NG2010 dated 7th May, 2010 for design, engineering, supply and erection of turbine generator merits scrutiny besides agreement with Waxi Guolian Huaguang Power Engineering Co Ltd: Agreement for supply of machinery, equipment for flue gas system and Hangzhou Boiler Group Co: Contract NG2009 - 311 dated 24 Dec ember 2009 for supply of boiler to ascertain whether pre-existing general and specific conditions as envisaged in the Environmental Clearance certificate for the project based RDF technology has been complied with. All these official documents besides the CPCB report clearly indicate that Chinese boiler technology based waste to energy plant has violated every rule in the rule book.
43. The first Environmental Clearance to this plant was granted 21st March, 2007 for 15 MW under the signature of Dr A Senthil Vel, Additional Director, MoEF pursuant to directions from Shri R Chandramohan, Joint Secretary, MoEF. The minutes of the 46th meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee on Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects held on 16th November, 2006 reveals that TOWMCL, the project proponent when it was part of IL&FS Limited (when Shri D K Mittal, IAS was its Managing Director) had submitted that it will set up a Refuse Derived Fuel technology facility based on Department of Science and Technology-TIFAC technology with a capacity to process 1300 tons per day of MSW to produce 15 MW of power. Subsequently, TOWMCL requested Dr A Senthil Vel "to issue make suitable amendments in the EC to reflect the capacity of the proposed plant as 16 MW instead of 15 MW. The EC was amended for processing 1950 tons MSW by an order dated 9th May, 2007. In March 2011, TOWMCL again sought an amendment to the EC after making submission for an additional 4.9 MW before the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) for processing of 2050 tons of MSW. The EC was amended again for 20.9 MW. Although these amendments happened no new studies have been carried out to assess the impacts of the alteration in the technology and the changes the installed capacity. Source http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Form-1A/EC/0_0_15_Jul_2013_151116420123-1-2006.pdf
44. In a glaring omission TOWMCL did not disclose its Contract for supply Plant and Machinery with Hanzhou Boiler Group dated 27th November, 2009 to the EAC.
45. It is noteworthy that even the initial EC was granted based on a fake public hearing as per records. The public hearing was conducted in Saket on January 20, 2007 instead of it being conducted in Okhla area where the project was proposed. The advertisement for the Public Hearing was made through two newspapers on 17th December, 2006. The advertisement was titled "Public Hearing for environmental clearance to the construction of proposed integrated municipal solid waste processing complex at Okhla —adjacent to existing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Delhi." It did not disclose that it was a waste based power plant.
46. The public hearing Shri Mittal wrote at least twice to Shri Chandramohan on 5th October, 2006 and 13th October, 2006. It was "B category project promoted to A category because of proximity to inter-state border & sanctuary (within 10 km). Hence Public Hearing report sought." The Public Notice for public hearing did not disclose that the proposed plant in the residential area was a waste based thermal power plant, it was advertized as "Integrated Municipal Waste Processing Complex". The attendance register revealed that there was virtually no attendance for the public hearing. The fact is that the Public Hearing did not take place as per the letter and spirit of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, something which was admitted by the then Union Minister of Environment & Forests in writing. Besides the project was subsequently sold to JITF Urban Infrastructure Limited (Jindal Ecopolis), which took no fresh environment clearance.
47. This plant is owned by Shri Prithviraj Jindal who won an open tender in 2008 to build and operate the plant for 25 years at a project cost of Rs 240 crore. It is apparent that the owner has ignored the disastrous environmental health consequences of plant's operations.
48. The representatives of GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) led by Dr. Juergen Porst, Senior Advisor stressed the need for a Disaster Management Plan in the very first meeting of this CPCB Committee, which is annexed to the CPCB's report. This finds reference in the minutes of the meeting annexed with the report. It underlines the possibility of disaster from the Timarpur-Okhla Waste to Energy Incinerator Plant, which is situated in a residential area. It is noteworthy that a hazardous plant in Bhopal's residential area that led to world worst industrial disaster in 1984 also did not have any disaster management plan. This report made a shocking revelation that although Hon'ble High Court has been hearing the case since 2009, the project proponent did not inform the court about gross deviations from the project design plan envisaged in the EIA report. As per the minutes of the second meeting of this committee, non-cooperative approach of the senior officials of Timarpur-Okhla Waste to Energy Incinerator Plant was "condemned" on 11th August, 2011. Representatives of GTZ underlined that there was lack of transparency with regard to environmental and health impact on the neighborhood residents. It was also noted that the fugitive emissions and the expected emission of Dioxins and Furans has not been quantified. The characteristic of ash and required standards was not mentioned. Prof. T R Sreekrishnan, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology and a member of the Committee stated that disposal option for incineration instead of bio-methanation proposed for green waste is in violation of what was mentioned in the EIA report of the company in question.
49. All subsequent reports by subordinate officers of Chairman, CPCB are subservient to this report of the High Powered Technical Experts Evaluation Committee headed by Chairman, CPCB. This report revealed how illegal Chinese boilers are being used without any approval in Delhi's Okhla Waste to Energy project. The technical review by CPCB committee admitted that efficacy of reciprocal stoker type boilers (in place of RDF) "is not known for Indian conditions and requires to be verified." There is a compelling reason to take cognizance of this report as the main report of CPCB. This committee noted that this plant is operating in violation of Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) [MSW] Rules, 2000. It came to light from the observation of Shri A B Akolkar from CPCB who is currently the Member Secretary, CPCB.
50. A study of the first monitoring report of the TOWMCL's integrated waste to energy project in Delhi dated 17th October, 2012 shows that facts were not verified on the ground and those who were adversely affected by the project were not consulted. As a consequence this questionable project managed to get Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) issued. The initial crediting period of the project was mentioned as 1st April 2009 – 31st March 2019. Now it has been changed to 30th March 2011 – 29th March 2021 and declared as fixed.
51. All these developments vindicate the validity of my comments on the PDD which are available at this URL of CDM Executive Board http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/9JGKQMHTCBE61J51WVVT1AIH7DUW0H/view.html
52. It may be noted the Master Plan Report (2020) of Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) said, "RDF is often an option when emission standards are lax and RDF is burned in conventional boilers with no special precautions for emissions." The EAC ought to pay heed to it as well.
53. Having studied the second monitoring report of the project dated 15th October, 2015 and the relevant pages on the website of the Board, it is learnt that as of 30th May, 2016, "CDM Issuance request" for CERs is awaited. As you are aware Issuance is the instruction by the CDM Executive Board to the CDM Registry Administrator to issue a specified quantity of CERs, lCERs, or tCERs for a project activity or PoA into the pending account of the Board in the CDM registry, for subsequent distribution to accounts of project participants in accordance with the CDM rules and requirements. These reports for UNFCCC reference number of the project activity 1254 are available on UNFCCC's CDM Executive Board's website. EAC is ought to communicate its considered opinion based on the above submissions to the National CDM Authority and recommend withdrawal of host country approval given to the project in question.
In view of the above facts and violations on numerous counts, I wish to request you to withdraw the environmental clearance given to this plant because you have a legal and moral obligation to save present and future generation of residents from being enveloped in a toxic gas chamber as a consequence of use of such hazardous incinerator technology adopted for generating energy from waste which admittedly has hazardous waste characteristics.
I will be happy to share more information and relevant documents since March 2005 till date.
Thanking you in anticipation
Yours faithfully
Dr Gopal Krishna
ToxicsWatch Alliance (TWA)
Mb: 09818089660, 08227816731
Tel/Fax: 91-11-26517814
Email: 1715krishna@gmail.com,
Web: www.toxicswatch.org
Shri Arun Kumar Mehta, Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Dr. Anuradha Shukla, Member, EAC on Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects + CRZ
Ms. Mita Sharma, Member, EAC on Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects + CRZ
Dr A.B.Akolkar, Member Secretary, CPCB
Shri Vinod Babu, -Senior Scientist, CPCB
Shri G. Rambabu, Scientist, CPCB
Shri Kulanand Joshi, Member Secretary, Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)
Shri B.L.Chawla, Senior Environment Engineer, DPCC
Annexures:
1. The 31 page report of the Union Environment Ministry constituted Technical Experts Evaluation Committee of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) on the Okhla Waste to Energy Incinerator Plant was communicated on March 22, 2012.
2. Proceedings of Public Hearing held on 20.01.2007
3. Letter from Holy Family Hospital
4. MS Word version of the letter is attached.
5. RTI Reply from Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
Labels: Environment and Occupational Health, Environmental Clearance, environmental lawlessness, Laws and Legislations, Urban Crisis
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Current: AmeriCorps
Below are our open AmeriCorps Promise Fellow positions. Positions are available statewide, in schools and community organizations!
The Promise Fellow Experience
The VISTA Experience
Benefits of Service
AmeriCorps FAQ
AmeriCorps Alumni
Countdown to Service Newsletters
NOW ACCEPTING APPLICATIONS FOR THE 2021-22 SCHOOL YEAR:
2021/22 AmeriCorps Promise Fellow Application
Promise Fellow Service Locations:
Promise Fellow- Metro Schools
High School for Recording Arts: High School for Recording Arts has been working with opportunity youth for 20 years, engaging them by first asking, 'what are you passionate about?' It is from here, this exploration of interest and creativity, that we construct credit learning opportunities for our young people. Every day, Promise Fellows at High School for Recording Arts will have the opportunity to develop nurturing relationships with young people and help motivate them towards success through their creative pursuits.
Independent School District 917: Are you interested in working in a community that supports diverse learners as they become healthy, strong, connected, and resilient young adults? Intermediate School District 917 serves students from nine school districts throughout Dakota County. With three Area Learning Sites we provide alternative education programming to meet the complex and unique needs of 200 students. We are looking for teammates to be strong advocates, empathetic coaches, and caring adults for the children who need us the most.
North Branch Area Public Schools: Are you interested in working in a growing community with a public school system dedicated to the success of each and every student? Come help us shape the future of education in the North Branch Area Public Schools! Join our team-oriented staff as we strive to empower each student to be the primary agent of their learning.
White Bear Lake Area Schools: Join a team of leaders in innovative education at White Bear Lake Area Schools! Utilize your passion and experience to develop personal relationships and provide one-on-one supports that reengage and advance youth who are experiencing at-risk situations. We at White Bear Lake Area Schools believe that the unique experiences, talents, and personality that you possess will have a positive and profound impact on our students' success.
Hopkins Public Schools: Join the revolution! Hopkins schools is engaged in the enormous work of changing education to ensure the needs of ALL of our students are met. We are a welcoming community. We embrace individuality, inclusivity, and kindness as empowered learners who create a better world.
Roseville Area Schools: Are you interested in making a difference in the lives of youth? Roseville Area Schools is seeking AmeriCorps Promise Fellows at the Middle and High School levels to provide mentorship and tutoring to students who need a caring adult to help put them on the right life trajectory. Consider joining us as we unlock the limitless potential of each and every student and help them succeed academically, socially and emotionally.
Osseo Senior High is an award-winning health sciences magnet school in Osseo Area Schools. Being part of a large district is an advantage, allowing Osseo to offer outstanding academic and extra-cirricular opportuniteis for children to thrive. The Promise Fellow will engage with Osseo scholars to build meaninful relationships toward success in the classroom, life and the community.
Plymouth Middle School (Robbinsdale Area Schools) is committed to ensuring every student graduates career, articulated skilled trades and college ready. We believe each student has limitless possibilities and we strive to ignite the potential in every student. We expect high intellectual performance from all our students. We are committed to ensuring an equitable and respectful educational experience for every student, family and staff members. The mission of Robbinsdale Area Schools is to inspire and educate all learners to discover their potential and positively contribute to their community.
Waconia Public Schools: Interested in making a real, life-long difference in a young adults life? Join the Waconia Public School's unbelievable team that works tirelessly every day making sure our students are exploring their passions while creating their own success.
Saint Paul Public Schools: SPPS is looking for Promise Fellows to serve at the Academic Support Center, providing in-person academic and/or social-emotional learning support for students and their families during distance learning. The centers will provide academic support, not classroom instruction.
JJ Legacy Montessori School: Legacy of Dr. Josie R. Johnson Montessori is a K-6 public charter school in North Minneapolis with a mission to provide an excellent, equitable Montessori education to an intentionally diverse student body. Our students will develop the character strengths, social and emotional skills, creativity, passion for learning and college-preparatory academic capabilities that will enable them to lead lives of joy and purpose.
Promise Fellow- Greater Minnesota Schools
Kerkhoven, Murdock, Sunburg Jr Sr High School is a small, rural high school with a family atmosphere and a strong commitment to serving youth. With the goal of 100% graduation the Promise Fellow will provide at risk students with interventions, guidance, and supports. KMS is in search of a passionate, caring person with a strong desire to become an integral part of our problem-solving team and make a difference in the lives of central Minnesota youth.
United Way of 1000 Lakes/Greenway High School: Greenway HS is excited to have a full complement in the Student Services office this year including 2 counselors 5-12 and a full time social worker! Alongside the academic interventionist we are ramping up our student supports through our Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) training this summer and it is crucial that we have the additional personnel to provide for intervention work with students. This position will enjoy an opportunity to not only work with students in need, but with a dynamic team of passionate and committed support specialists and teachers.
Watertown-Mayer Schools: Watertown-Mayer Middle School and High School are seeking individuals interested helping us work together to what's best for kids! Our mission is to ensure all students grow through connections and opportunities. We are in need of dedicated individuals that are interested in providing their talents and resources to students in 6-12 grade. If you have a passion for mentoring and coaching young adults please consider joining our team!
Promise Fellow- Community Organizations
Austin Aspires: Are you ready to make a long lasting difference that matters? If so, let's talk. We have an opportunity for you to work with middle school and high school students from diverse backgrounds and languages, yet with one thing in common – their potential. Join our team in helping these students recognize and live out their potential.
Rebound, Inc. is a community based non-profit with a vision to eliminate reliance on the juvenile justice systems to meet the needs of black youth. Rebound, Inc. seeks to strengthen the community by creating opportunities for African American youth to receive culturally specific evidence based programs and services in North Minneapolis. In this way, Rebound, Inc. prevents youth of color from falling into the system, and decreases the recidivism rate among youth of color who are already systems involved; thus moving youth away from system involvement and toward their full potential.
United Way of Central Minnesota: Are you interested in working with urbanyouth? Do have a desire to help buildstrong families?
Join our diverse team and build stronglasting relationships, as we encourageacademic success in our nextgeneration.
Click here to learn more about the application process, AmeriCorps and our Promise Fellow and VISTA programs. Have more questions? Call, text or email our Recruitment Manager, Kyle Kline at kkline@mnyouth.net | 651-272-7959.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Eugene Weekly : Movie Review : 5.3.07
.MOVIE LISTINGS | MOVIE REVIEW ARCHIVE | THEATER INFO
Old tales and new in archaeological film
BY MOLLY TEMPLETON
This year, The Archaeology Channel International Film and Video Festival has a new home in The Shedd's Jaqua Concert Hall. But as usual, the festival encompasses more than just movie screenings; a guided tour of Cascadia Cave with Tony Farque and a free symposium on heritage film at the Downtown Library, both on Friday, are among the additional events.
The chosen films for the May 1-5 festival span an ever-changing world of archaeological findings, from newly discovered writings from the Middle Ages to now-vanished native cultures in Utah, and appear in a range of formats, from glossily produced TV series to labor-of-love shorts such as the Oregon-set Echo of Water Against Rocks: Remembering Celilo Falls. From France comes Unearthing the Lost Kingdom of Aratta, a fascinating exploration of a recently discovered site in Iran that predates anything found in Mesopotamia. The hour-long documentary is precise and affecting as it shows how every tiny piece of evidence from the site tells a story. Fossilized seeds, fish bones, shards of pottery and pieces of brick come together to build a full picture of a 5000-year-old civilization. (Celilo, 11:54 am Saturday; Aratta, 7:20 pm Friday)
Two entertaining selections come via television: In BBC Four's Journeys into the Ring of Fire: Peru, the camera follows chipper Scottish geologist Iain Stewart as he explores the kingdom of the Incas, with special focus on how they built such an expansive empire in such hostile terrain. Stewart's a jovial host who gamely pokes at a cooked guinea pig (but notably never eats it on camera) and occasionally makes a limp joke as he tours through Peru, explaining how Incas grew and stored food, traveled from city to city and built structures that could withstand the region's earthquakes. (6:30 pm Thursday, May 3)
The History Channel's Secrets of Stonehenge Revealed, from the "Digging for the Truth" series, is hosted by a cheery American, Josh Bernstein, who's prone to wearing a rather Indiana Jones-ish hat. Bernstein gets down to business with the experts he meets, using a flint axe to fell a small tree, an antler pick to dig at chalk and strips of nettles to make rope. Stonehenge is written with an eye to keeping your interest. Pieces of information follow one another smoothly; when one expert mentions a large amount of flint near the Stonehenge site, it's mere minutes before Bernstein is investigating why flint would have been important in ancient times. The program takes viewers through Stonehenge's every fascinating phase — right up to a recent summer solstice celebration — offering an entertaining example of how archaeology, though it explores the stories of the past, ultimately tells us something about our modern selves. (12:15 pm Saturday)


Goodbye to fiery sunsets. Goodbye to grazing sheep, gorgeous horses, and glacial waterfalls. Goodbye to volcanic ash and rocky terrain. Goodbye to black-pebbled sandy beach, geothermal energy, and blue ice. Goodbye to hiking and biking and trekking unstable ground. Goodbye to delicious seafood and icy drink-from-the tap glacial water. Goodbye to deep crevices, gleaming glaciers, and Mother Nature's barren beauty.


LPN Programs in Yorketown NJ are accessible to anybody interested in having a career in a healthcare environment, and classes are accepting brand new trainees every month!
After as little as one to two years, you could finish your choice of a web-based or campus class, and move on to take the NCLEX license examination for your opportunity to become a Licensed Practical Nurse.
It is important to meet all the specifications to become a Licensed Practical Nurse prior to starting your training. You need to be the minimum legal age, already have earned a H.S. diploma or GED, pass a criminal background check and then you must have a negative test result for drugs.
Will New Jersey Require Practical Nursing Licensure?
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing requires license for aspiring Licensed Practical Nurses. The Nurse Aide Registry additionally says that a certified or licensed nurse should be listed on the federal registry. Once listed and officially credentialed, one has opened up the opportunities to be paid more and get hired easier.
So What's the Employment Projection for Licensed Practical Nurses in Yorketown NJ?
O*Net Online anticipates that the need for nurses in New Jersey will hit all-time highs within the next few years. New employment opportunities are predicted to grow much faster than usual with an incredible expansion by the end of the decade. With that said, if you're contemplating being a nurse, the time simply couldn't be better.
Now that you've been given the guidelines and information needed to be a licensed practical nurse, it's now up to you to enroll in LPN programs now!


The Coming of Age Day (Seijin no Hi) festival in Japan is celebrated on the second Monday in January, and honours young Japanese who reach the age of 20 in the current year (from April to April). Twenty marks the transition to adulthood, and is also the age at which it becomes legal to drink, smoke, gamble and apply for credit cards without the consent of parents. The legal voting age was lowered from 20 to 18 in 2015.
The modern Coming of Age Day holiday dates from 1948, but such ceremonies have been held in Japan since time immemorial. Official coming-of-age ceremonies usually take place at municipal offices in the morning, with speeches and gift-giving, but the fun really begins later in the day when the newly recognised adults attend parties with family and friends.
Many girls wear furisode, a special type of formal kimono for unmarried women with extra-long sleeves and elaborate designs, and zori sandals. A lengthy visit to a beauty salon to get their hair done and to dress up is a must. Being very expensive, their outfits are often borrowed or rented for the occasion.
Men sometimes wear traditional costumes, but nowadays many wear a suit and tie. After the ceremony, the young adults will celebrate by going to parties or visiting popular venues such as Tokyo Disneyland, though in recent years these celebrations have occasionally turned raucous and led to arrests.
In earlier centuries, puberty signalled the start of adulthood – around 15 for boys, 13 for girls. Unlike modern times, a rite of passage tested children's ability to behave as adults. A boy from a farming community was expected to carry a heavy bag of rice a certain distance, for example, while a girl might have to prove her weaving skills. Today, according to some older Japanese, young people feel that merely attending a coming-of-age ceremony is enough, and any suggestion that they should prove themselves worthy of adult status is deemed a very old-fashioned notion.


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Cartier has created innovative and elegant watches for both men and women for over a century - like this 2015 Cartier Tank Solo Ref. W5200003 here, with all of its original paperwork to include original box, manual, certificate of authenticity documentation, and receipt.  This watch is NIB and has never been worn.
Founded in 1847, Cartier is an instantly recognized brand, which has evolved into one of the most prestigious jewelers in the world with a long history of sale to royal families - for his coronation in 1902, British King Edward VII ordered 27 tiaras and issued a royal warrant to Cartier in 1904.  Similar warrants soon followed from the courts of Spain, Portugal, Russia, and the House of Orleans.
In 1904, the Brazilian pioneer aviator, Alberto Santos-Dumont complained to his friend Louis Cartier of the unreliability and impracticality of using pocket watches while flying.  Cartier designed a flat wristwatch with a distinctive square bezel.
Cartier further refined the design, and introduced the Tank model in 1918 – designed by Louis Cartier himself – inspired by newly introduced battle tanks on the Western Front in World War I when seen from above, with a square and rectangle-like design and a strap seamlessly integrated into vertical sidebars called "brancards."
Cartier helped to popularize wrist watches with men, and with the Cartier debut of the Tank, it became an immediate icon as the first wristwatch with a square case.  Along with the Rolex Submariner, the Cartier Tank has the distinction of being one of the most, if not the most, imitated watches in the world.  Yet the Tank, for most of its history, was quite rare and for many years made in very small numbers, often fewer than a hundred a year – in 1919, the first year of full production, Cartier produced…six.
The Tank is more easily available today, but it continues to be one of the most desired, and most influential, timepieces in the world.  Since its iconic debut, unique with its clean, crisp lines and an elegant dial, it has gone through multiple evolutions, but like most, the Cartier Tank Solo here features a stainless steel case that closely aligns with the width of the black leather strap, with a silver opaline dial with blue steel hands and black Roman numerals, a Cartier standard through its history.
This Cartier Tank Solo includes its original leather strap, with clasp, and a second alligator strap.
New in Box 2015 Cartier Tank Solo Full Set, with Box, Papers, and Receipt
DIAL: Original iconic Cartier-signed dial with original hands.
CASE: Stainless-steel case, 27.5mm (31.5mm w/crown) x 35.5mm. Caseback sticker remains intact.
CRYSTAL: Original crystal, no imperfections.
BAND: Original Cartier leather strap, with original Cartier-signed clasp; this Tank also comes with a second Cartier alligator strap, new in packaging and never used. Both straps are original to this Tank Solo.
MOVEMENT: Original 8-jewel Cartier quartz movement.
CROWN: Original iconic blue jeweled Cartier crown.
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Christian was blessed during our 9 a.m. church service the day after Danny & Patricia's wedding.
We were all still pretty tired from the reception the night before (plus Christian was up until four in the morning). He nonetheless seemed to sense it was a special day, as he was full of smiles.
...Christian, however, was ready to head out.
Krista decided to give Christian a faux-hawk, which he thought made him look tough.
He's a total chick magnet.
Here's his blessing outfit complete with the hat (Christian kept kicking the little knit booties off of his feet).
Thanks to Granny O for buying Christian such a lovely outfit to be blessed in.
CUTE...I love the faux hawk too Krista. He's such a cute happy little man!!
What a darling little family! Love the pictures of cute little Christian and Ava! Also, the pictures of them in their cute Christmas pj's is adorable.
So much fun to see his big day! I love his little sailor suit! His faux-hawk is the best, but it's my fave style so what can I say? Ava is looking so much like Lauren I can't belive it! Cute cute kids.


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Wolf Parade Reunite After Five-Year Hiatus, Announce New Shows
Residency Shows in New York, Toronto, and London Announced
After being on hiatus for five years, Wolf Parade are back. The band are playing a series of residency shows in New York, Toronto, and London and are working on new music. The Canadian four-piece formed in 2004 in Montreal and features Spencer Krug (Moonface, Sunset Rubdown), Dan Boeckner (Handsome Furs, Divine Fits, Operators), Arlen Thompson, and Dante DeCaro. The band released three albums for Sub Pop: Apologies to the Queen Mary (2005), At Mount Zoomer (2008), and Expo 86 (2010). Below are the dates, followed by a video promoting the reunion shows.
The band issued this statement about their return: "Hey-o everyone, the hiatus is over! We're very excited to get back on stage together at these residency shows in NYC, Toronto, and London. We'll be playing our favorites from the old albums, of course, as well as a taste or two of some new tunes we've been writing. Hope to see you there! xo, WP."
Wolf Parade 2016 Residency Shows:
May 17 - New York, NY - Bowery Ballroom
May 24 - Toronto, ON - Lee's Palace
Jun. 14 - London, UK - Scala


A fun shotgun with real-world uses.
This entry was posted in self-defense, shotgun, weapon and tagged 20ga, AllOutdoor. Bookmark the permalink.
That was a good review, many points on practical use of a three barrelled firearm I hadn't thought of. I am a fan of combination rifle / shotgun (just wish I had the budget to get the really nice toyz! ;^), they make a versatile feral hog rifle for distance or close-up for example.


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\section{Introduction}

Dark matter is now generally believed to be the dominating mass component of the
universe, starting with the discovery of \citet{z33}
that the speed of galaxies in the Coma cluster is too large to keep them
gravitationally bound unless they are much heavier than one would
estimate on the basis of visible matter alone.
Although the currently favoured $\Lambda$CDM model has proven to be remarkably
successful on large scales \citep{sp03}, high-resolution N-body
simulations are still in contradiction with observations on subgalactic scales
where they predict orders of magnitude more substructure than what is seen \citep{m99, k99}
and also a wrong spatial distribution of the subhalos \citep{ktb04}.
Additional arguments regarding supporting and contradictory
observations of structure formation in CDM models are presented in \citet{ggh03} and \citet{gg04}.
The above discrepancies might be resolved if more realistic simulations
that can better treat the dynamics
of the interstellar gas and feedback processes
become available, or they could show that our current understanding
of cosmology and large scale structure formation is still missing important ingredients.

An alternative to the dark matter hypothesis could be
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), which was proposed by \citet{m83a, m83b}
and \citet{bm84} as a way to explain the rotation curves of
galaxies without the need to assume large amounts of otherwise unseen
dark mass in the outer parts of galaxies. According to MOND, Newtonian dynamics
breaks down in the limit of very weak accelerations, and the acceleration $\vec{a}$
experienced by a particle is given by the following (heuristic) equation:
\begin{equation}
 \mu\left(\frac{|\vec{a}|}{a_0}\right) \vec{a} = \vec{g_N}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
 \mu(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x \; if \; x << 1\\
                  1 \; if \; x>>1 \end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
Here $\vec{g_N}$ is the standard Newtonian acceleration and $a_0$ a constant,
observationally determined to be $a_0 = 1.2 \cdot 10^{-8}$ cm/sec$^2$ \citep{b91, sm02}.
The above formulation of MOND conserves angular momentum and energy only for spherical
mass configurations, but a more general formulation exists which obeys
these conservation laws for all cases \citep{bm84}.

Predictions from MOND have been shown to be in good agreement with
the observed rotation curves of galaxies \citep{b91, s96, sh98} and can also
explain the velocities of galaxies in groups with reasonable $M/L$ values for
individual galaxies \citep{m02}. In addition, \citet{m95} showed that the velocity
dispersion of 7 dwarf galaxies which was available at the time was compatible
with the predictions from MOND, a conclusion also found by \citet{l02} with
updated data for the Fornax and Draco dwarf galaxies. These successes
are remarkable given the fact that unlike the dark matter hypothesis, MOND has only
one free parameter ($a_0$) that can be adjusted to explain observations. In addition,
\citet{b04} has recently developed a relativistic formulation of MOND, putting the
theory on a more solid theoretical basis.

Part of the trouble in deciding whether MOND or dark matter is the better candidate
in explaining the velocities of stars on galactic scales stems from the fact that
cosmological structure formation is still not sufficiently understood,
so within certain limits, the mass and size distribution of dark matter can be adjusted to
fit the observational data. It is therefore highly desirable to test MOND
for objects in which no dark matter is thought to exist. An ideal candidate for such
objects are globular clusters, which still form today as a result of collisions between gas clouds
during major mergers of galaxies \citep{ws95}, and which are
believed to have formed in the same way in the early universe \citep{az92}.

Testing gravity for low accelarations by using nearby globular clusters was already
tried by \citet{sc03}. However, nearby clusters experience an acceleration from the Milky Way that
is larger than the critical MOND constant $a_0$ and should therefore by governed
by Newtownian dynamics if MOND is correct.

In the present paper we investigate the effects of MOND
for a number of low-mass globular clusters in the outer halo of the Milky Way. It will
be shown that if MOND is true, these clusters would have mass-to-light ratios far
larger than their Newtonian values, allowing an independent test of the predictions of
MOND. The paper is organised as follows: In section 2 we calculate expected velocity
dispersions and mass-to-light ratios for a number of globular clusters for the Newtonian
case and in the MOND regime. Section 3 discusses how the validity of MOND could be
constrained if the velocity dispersions of these clusters
would be known and in section 4 we will draw our conclusions.

\section[]{Evaluating the effect of MOND for globular clusters}

\subsection{LOS velocity dispersions for different cases}

In case of Newtonian gravity, the virial theorem connects the mass $M_C$, radius $r$ and
average velocity dispersion $\sigma$ of a cluster through the following
equation \citep{bt86}, eq. 4-80a:
\begin{equation}
 \sigma^2 = \frac{G M_C}{r_v} \;\; ,
\end{equation}
where $r_v$ is the virial radius, which in many stellar systems can be
approximated by the three-dimensional half-mass radius $r_h$ as $r_v \approx 2.5 r_h$
if the clusters are stationary systems and sufficiently unperturbed
that the assumption of virial equilibrium is valid.
A similar relation exists between the three-dimensional half-mass radius and the easier to observe
two-dimensional, projected half-mass radius $r_{hp}$: $r_{hp} = \gamma r_h$ with $\gamma \approx 0.74$.

If we assume an isotropic velocity distribution, the line-of-sight velocity
dispersion is related to the three-dimensional one through $\sigma_{LOS} = \sigma/\sqrt{3}$,
and we obtain the following equation
for the observed velocity dispersion of a star cluster in case of Newtonian gravity
\begin{equation}
 \sigma_{LOS, N} = 0.335 \sqrt{\frac{G M_C}{r_{hp}}} \;\; .
\label{slosn}
\end{equation}

In order to test the accuracy of eq.\ \ref{slosn}, we created $N$-body representations
of \citet{king66} models
with dimensionless central concentrations in the range $3 \le W_0 \le 15$ and checked
our theoretical estimate against the $N$-body data. King models with concentrations
in this range are usually used to represent density profiles of globular clusters.
Fig.~1 compares the average velocity dispersion of stars in these models with the
prediction of eq.\ \ref{slosn}. For all models, the agreement is within 5\%, which
is accurate enough for our purpose of predicting velocity dispersions in real clusters.
\begin{figure}
\epsfxsize=8cm
\epsffile{fig1.eps}
\caption{Ratio of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of stars in different
 King models with the prediction from eq.\ \ref{slosn} (solid line). For all models, the
  velocity dispersion agrees with the prediction to within 5\%.}
\end{figure}

In case of MOND, solutions exist only for several special cases since the function $\mu(x)$ is
defined only for limiting values of $x$. If the acceleration $a$ that stars experience
is much larger than $a_0$, $\mu \approx 1$ and the MOND solution is the same as in the
Newtonian case. For this to be true it does not matter if the acceleration $a$ is the internal
acceleration $a_{int}$ due to stars
in a cluster or if it comes from an external gravitational field $a_{ext}$.
External accelerations are for example
important for all globular clusters which have galactocentric distances $R_{\rm GC} <
{\rm few} \cdot 10$ kpc
or for the dynamics of the solar system. In both cases the external acceleration due to the Milky
Way is larger than $a_0$
and the dynamics can be described by Newtonian gravity, no matter how small the internal accelerations
are. Hence, MOND can be important only for
star clusters in the outer halo of the Milky Way.

If both $a_{int}$ and $a_{ext}$ are much smaller than $a_0$ one is in the deep MOND regime with
$\mu(x) \approx x$. If in this case the external acceleration is larger than the internal one
$a_{ext} >> a_{int}$, the system is again nearly Newtonian but with an effective gravitational
constant $G$ that is larger than the standard
Newtonian one by a factor $a_0/a_{ext}$ \citep{m86}. The line-of-sight velocity dispersion is therefore equal to
\begin{equation}
 \sigma_{LOS, M1} = 0.335 \sqrt{\frac{G M_C}{r_{hp}}} \sqrt{\frac{a_0}{a_{ext}}} \;\; .
\end{equation}

\input{table1.tex}

Finally, if $a_{ext} << a_{int}$ and both are smaller than $a_0$, the cluster
is effectively isolated and the acceleration of the cluster stars
is given by $g_M = \sqrt{a_0 g_N}$ where $g_N$ is the acceleration in the Newtonian case.
The line-of-sight velocity dispersion of a star cluster is then given by \citep{m94}:
\begin{equation}
 \sigma_{LOS, M2} = 0.471 \left(a_0 G M_C \right)^{1/4} \;\; ,
\label{slosm2}
\end{equation}
i.e. independent of the clusters radius.

\subsection{Application to globular clusters}

Table~1 shows the predicted velocity dispersions of globular clusters for the Newtonian and
the MOND case. We have calculated the dispersions for all galactic globular clusters in the list of
\citet{h96}, but present only those in Table~1 for which there is a noticeable difference between
the two cases. Clusters in Table~1 are generally far away in the galactic halo so that the external acceleration
due to the Milky Way is small, and also have small masses and large half-mass radii so that their internal
accelerations become small.

Galactocentric distances $R_{\rm GC}$ and projected half-mass radii are taken from \citet{h96}. We have
assumed that for the clusters of Table~1 the half-light radius is equal to the half-mass
radius i.e. mass follows light. This is probably a good assumption since the half-mass relaxation times
of most clusters in Table~1 are of the order of a Hubble time or even larger, so dynamical evolution is not
likely to play an important role for these clusters. Cluster masses were calculated
from the absolute luminosities by assuming a stellar mass-to-light ratio of $M/L=2$. This value is
in agreement with observed mass-to-light ratios of globular clusters \citep{m91,pm93}. \citet{m91}
for example fitted single-mass
King models to a sample of 32 clusters with reliable central velocity dispersions and
determined an average $M/L = 1.21$ for their sample, while \citet{pm93}
used multi-component King-Michie models for 56 clusters and estimated an average global mass-to-light ratio of
$M/L=2.3$. Since multi-component models can take the effect of mass segregation into account, the
latter value is probably closer to the truth.

The tidal radii $R_T$ in Table 1 were calculated from the cluster masses by assuming a flat
rotation curve of the Milky Way with $V_G=200$ km/sec for all galactocentric distances. For most clusters
they are a factor of 5 to 10 larger than the half-mass radii, which means that tidal effects play no significant
role for the internal dynamics of the clusters in our sample. This is a significant improvement compared
to the situation for dwarf galaxies which generally have larger $R_H/R_T$ ratios and for which
there is an ongoing
discussion to which extent the high-$M/L$ ratios found are caused by tidal effects
\citep{k97, kk98, o01, fk03, w04}.

Internal accelerations were calculated at the
clusters half-mass radii from $g_M = \sqrt{a_0 g_N}$, assuming that MOND is true, while the external
accelerations were calculated from
\begin{equation}
a_{ext} = \frac{V_G^2}{R_G}
\end{equation}
and hold in both the Newtonian and the MOND case. The line-of-sight velocity dispersions for the
MOND case were calculated from eqs.\ 5 and 6, depending on whether the internal or external acceleration
is larger. While this procedure is not strictly valid within the framework of MOND, it is accurate enough to give an
estimate of the effect MOND would have. The $M/L$ values in the last column finally are
calculated from the $\sigma_{LOS, M}$ values assuming that an observer interpretes them for the
Newtonian case. They should be compared with the Newtonian input value of $M/L = 2$ which we assumed.

\section{Discussion}

From Table~1, it is evident that if MOND is true, $\sigma_{LOS}$ and the deduced $M/L$ are increased by a
significant
amount over the Newtonian case. Three clusters would have $M/L$ values in excess of 10, which is
far larger than what is found in any galactic globular cluster. In the analysis of \citet{m91} for example
no cluster had an $M/L$ larger than 3.0 and low-mass clusters with $lg M_C < 4.5$ generally had $M/L < 1.5$.
Similarly, in the analysis of \citet{pm93} low-mass clusters with $lg M_C < 5$ had an average $M/L = 1.8$ and
none had an $M/L$ larger than 3.2.
If a high $M/L$ ratio would be found in any cluster, it could therefore be interpreted
in only one of three ways:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The initial mass-function of this cluster was radically different from ordinary GCs and heavily weighted
 either towards high-mass stars which have by now turned into compact remnants,
 or towards very low-mass stars in order to create such a large $M/L$.
\item The cluster contains a significant amount of cold dark matter.
\item Newtonian dynamics has to be modified in the limit of low accelerations.
\end{enumerate}
Possibility (i) can almost certainly be excluded since such high $M/L$ ratios have not been found for
any stellar population to date. In addition, \citet{s99} and \citet{s97} determined ages and metallicities for
four of the
clusters in our list (Eridanus, Pal 3, 4 and 14) which place them among other galactic globular clusters,
indicating that there is nothing unusual about these clusters.

\citet{p84} and others after him have suggested
that globular clusters formed in cold dark matter mini-halos in the early universe, in which case they should
contain significant amounts of dark matter. So possibility (ii) seems entirely possible and a detection
of dark matter dominated globular clusters would be a direct confirmation of this idea. In this case
halo globular clusters could help
to bridge the gap between the predicted number of DM sub-clumps in the halos of galaxies and the observed number
of clumps in the form of dwarf galaxies \citep{c02}. Since the formation history and dark matter content would
basically be the same, halo globular clusters could in such a case be viewed as smaller-sized versions of
dwarf galaxies.

However, observations of interacting and starburst galaxies have
shown that the formation of globular cluster is still an ongoing process, triggered mainly by major galaxy
mergers \citep{ws95}. Similarly, the relatively high metallicities and younger ages found by \citet{s99}
and \citet{s97} speak against a primordial formation scenario of these globular clusters and for an accretion
scenario \citep{mg04}. It therefore appears unlikely that the clusters in Table~1 contain a significant amount
of dark matter.

Another possible interpretation of high velocities would be that Newtons law of gravity has to be changed
for low accelerations. Observations of additional halo clusters for which MOND does
not predict a velocity enhancement would help to distinguish between the dark matter hypothesis and MOND.
Also, checking the evolutionary state of the clusters which are in the MOND regime could help decide
between MOND and dark matter since the relaxation time in the MOND regime is significantly smaller than
in the Newtonian case \citep{cb04}, meaning that the clusters would be dynamically
more evolved if MOND is true.

A second possible outcome is that the observed velocity dispersion is in complete agreement with
the Newtonian value and far lower than what MOND predicts. In such a case MOND would probably have to be discarded
in its present form since it would be impossible to reconcile the high rotational velocities and velocity
dispersions seen in galaxies with the low velocities seen in the clusters of Table~1: Assuming Newtonian
gravity \citet{k96} and \citet{s03} found from an analysis of the orbital motion of galactic satellites
that the total mass of the Milky Way within 50 kpc is respectively $(4.9 \pm 1.1) \cdot 10^{11} M_\odot$
and $(5.5 \pm 0.2) \cdot 10^{11} M_\odot$, giving rise to a rotational velocity of $V_G=210$ km/sec.
On the other hand, the mass of the Milky Way in the disc and bulge in the form of visible matter
is of order $5.5 \cdot 10^{10} M_\odot$ \citep{db98}, giving rise to a rotational velocity of
$V_G = 164 \left( \frac{a_0}{10^{-8} cm/sec^2} \right)^{1/4}$ km/sec within the framework of MOND (eq.\ \ref{slosm2}).
Values of $a_0$ below $5 \cdot 10^{-9}$ cm/sec$^2$ seem therefore to be very hard to reconcile
with the orbital velocities of galactic satellites, even given the uncertainties in the above
numbers. Similarly the galaxies analysed by \citet{b91}
give a mean $a_0 = (1.21 \pm 0.27) \cdot 10^{-8}$ cm/sec$^2$, excluding values of $a_0$ below $6.7 \cdot 10^{-9}$
cm/sec$^2$ at the $2\sigma$ level. On the other hand, even an $a_0$ as low as $5 \cdot 10^{-9}$ cm/sec$^2$ would
still give a velocity dispersion of 1.42 km/sec for AM 1 and 1.80 km/sec for Pal 3, which is twice the Newtonian value.
Hence, velocity dispersion measurements will have the power to falsify or support MOND.

\section{Conclusions}

We have calculated the velocity dispersions for a number of globular clusters in the halo
of the Milky Way and shown that in case of MOND they would significantly exceed the corresponding
Newtonian values, allowing a test of MOND and dark matter theories for a new class of objects and for
length scales one order of magnitude smaller than where they could be tested before. We showed that
interesting insights can be obtained
about the formation of globular clusters and the role of dark matter almost independently of the
actual results, so an observational effort to determine the velocity dispersions for clusters
in our sample would be highly rewarding. Measurements of this kind are feasible with the current
generation of 8 to 10-m class telescopes.

Compared to dwarf galaxies, the studied globular
clusters also have half-mass radii one order of magnitude smaller than their tidal radii, which
means that they are effectively isolated. Their velocity dispersions are therefore much
more straightforward to interpret since tidal effects are not likely to play an important role.
Also, unlike tests for MOND based on the velocity dispersion of stars in the halos of
nearby globular clusters, the interaction of the
cluster stars with the galactic tidal field and the proper separation of members and non-members
is not likely to be a problem for our clusters.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

We thank Professor M. Milgrom for many helpful discussions in understanding MOND and the referee,
Luca Ciotti,for comments which improved the presentation of the paper.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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Budapest rail bypass study complete
The Association of Hungarian Logistics Service Centres (MLSZKSZ) has completed a feasibility study for the so-called V0 railway, which would allow international freight traffic to bypass congested lines in the Budapest area.
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First Emilia Romagna FLIRTs handed over
On January 21 Stadler Rail and AnsaldoBreda handed over five FLIRT ETR-350 multiple-units to Ferrovie Emilia Romagna in Bologna.
http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/first-emilia-romagna-flirts-handed-over.html
Hungary tenders major GSM-R contract
Bids will be submitted to Hungary's National Info-communications Services Company (NISZ) this week for a contract to extend GSM-R coverage to a further 905 route-km of the country's main line network.
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Italian premier opens rebuilt Turin Porta Susa station
Italy's prime minister Mr Mario Monti officially inaugurated Turin Porta Susa station on January 14 marking completion of a project to rebuild and expand the station to provide the city with a high-speed rail hub.
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Piraeus light rail contract finally signed
AFTER almost four years of delays, the president and CEO of Attiko Metro Mr Christos Tsitouras and Mr Dimitrios Dinopoulos, representative of concessionaire Themeli finally signed the contract for the extension of the Athens light rail network to Piraeus port on January 14.
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ÖBB unveils alignment for HS line
Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) has published plans for a 250km/h line to link Salzburg and Köstendorf to relieve congestion on the parallel Salzburg – Vienna main line and provide an alternative to the tortuous Salzburg – Steindorf section.
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SETA is aiming on the implementation of measures for the improvement of accessibility and logistic workflows as a basis for regional development in South East Europe.
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EUDML | Mathemagics (a tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman). EuDML | Mathemagics (a tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman).
Mathemagics (a tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman).
Volume: 44, page B44d, 71 p.-B44d, 71 p.
Cartier, Pierre. "Mathemagics (a tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman).." Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire [electronic only] 44 (2000): B44d, 71 p.-B44d, 71 p.. <http://eudml.org/doc/122305>.
TI - Mathemagics (a tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman).
SP - B44d, 71 p.
EP - B44d, 71 p.


text:
Obama's Day, Aug. 8: Campaigning in Colorado
The Root Staff
Filed to: PoliticsFiled to: Politics
Pool/Getty Images
DAILY GUIDANCE AND PRESS SCHEDULE FOR
In the morning, the President will depart the White House en route Denver, Colorado. The departure from the South Lawn and arrival at Buckley Air Force Base are open press.
In the afternoon, the President will deliver remarks at a campaign event at the Auraria Event Center. This event is open to pre-credentialed media.
Later in the afternoon, the President will depart Denver, Colorado en route Grand Junction, Colorado. The departure from Buckley Air Force Base and the arrival at Grand Junction Regional Airport are open press.
In the evening, the President will deliver remarks at a campaign event at Grand Junction High School. This event is open to pre-credentialed media.
Later, the President will depart Grand Junction, Colorado en route Pueblo, Colorado. The departure from Grand Junction Regional Airport and the arrival at Pueblo Memorial Airport are open press.


Double-row self-aligning ball bearings are non-separable. They are made in multiple series and with open construction. They are capable of running with low friction and at higher rpm.
The double-row self-aligning ball bearings are manufactured with cylindrical or tapered bore, the taper ratio being 1:12.
The bearings with tapered bore are required to be fitted either onto a shaft with tapered seating on the shaft, or by means of an adapter sleeve onto a cylindrical shaft.
These bearings can transmit radial and limited axial forces.
The double-row self-aligning ball bearings have two rows of balls with a common spherical track on the outer ring. This allows misalignment of the bearing inner ring with respect to the outer ring around the centre of the bearing, without affecting its correct function. These bearings are capable of compensating lack of co-axiality between the shaft and the housing, shaft deflection and even machining defect in the support structure that may give rise to the misalignment after assembly.
The bearings are supplied with standard clearance and with normal accuracy class. Bearings with lower or higher radial clearance as well as higher accuracy can also be supplied.
© 2019 zklindia. All Rights Reserved.


And so we arise from the submerged depths to soar into the Egyptian firmament on the wings of their birds and beetles. Aviaries were a very early element of the menagerie and zoological garden, and were very accessible to Petrie's peers.
There are numerous iconic bird images in the Egyptian corpus: the hawk, ibis, and vulture being some of the most common. I will focus on the latter, considering their potential relation to Empire and Colonialism, so prevalent in the 19th century mind.
I'm generally apathetic towards insect houses, however, the insect we are looking at today is perhaps one of the most versatile and widely used animals of our entire menagerie. Scarab beetles (Scarabaeus sacer) is a good example of a rather common place animal, the dung beetle, being revered and represented in more mystical ways due to its prevalence in Egyptian mythology.
Scurrying back to my more specialist material I present this stele featuring a bloke (perhaps a priest) in Roman garb burning incense on an altar before Isis and Anubis (two gods associated, among other manifestations, with the afterlife).