text:
Sisyromyia pycnorhyncha är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Thomson 1869.  Sisyromyia pycnorhyncha ingår i släktet Sisyromyia och familjen svävflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Svävflugor
pycnorhyncha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Plaintiffs Win $25M in Damages in 'Unite the Right' Case
The organizers behind the civil suit had hoped to bankrupt the white nationalists and neo-Nazis behind the violence in Charlottesville.
Tess Owen, Emma Ockerman
Richard Spencer Held Parties in 'Fash Loft' for White Nationalists, Court Hears
The white nationalist's partying was used against him in a court case against the organizers of the Unite the Right rallies in Charlottesville.
Tess Owen
The Twisted Racial Claims in the 'Unite the Right' Jury Selection
The jury selection featured white nationalists demanding to know if prospective Black jurors think white people can face racism.
Antifa Boogeyman Rears Head During Jury Selection in Charlottesville White Supremacist Trial
At the trial for a number of well-known white supremacists, prospective jurors were asked about their thoughts on race, white supremacy, and anti-fascism.
'Unite the Right' Organizers Are Facing a Court Case That Could Bankrupt Them
Richard Spencer and the 'Crying Nazi' are among the defendants in court this week in a federal lawsuit aiming to financially devastate several white supremacist movements.
How Facebook and YouTube Radicalized The Christchurch Shooter
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Arden said she would raise the findings of an 800-page report on the attack with YouTube's leadership.
The Army National Guard Just Kicked Out 2 More Members for Ties to a White Supremacist Group
The two men were reported to be leaders in a network that the Southern Poverty Law Center has identified as a hate group.
Tim Marcin
Noted Racist Richard Spencer Apparently Yelled Racist Slurs After Racist Rally
Leaked audio purportedly shows the far-right leader screaming anti-Semitic slurs and threatening further violence in Charlottesville.
The number of U.S. hate groups keeps surging, largely thanks to young, white men
The number of hate groups nationwide reached a record high in 2018, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center.
Richard Spencer physically and emotionally abused his wife, report says
Divorce filings say Spencer physically abused her and made her afraid to call police or seek further protection
Emma Ockerman
YouTube is driving people to white nationalists like Richard Spencer, report finds
"The platform, and its parent company, have allowed racist, misogynist, and harassing content to remain online — and in many cases, to generate advertising revenue — as long as it does not explicitly include slurs."
Judge allows federal lawsuit against 25 neo-Nazis to proceed for violence in Charlottesville
An all-star lawyer is taking on the group for descending on Charlottesville and terrorizing residents.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You Must Try: Our Favorite Secret Waterfall Hike in San Diego
Road Trip,	Adventure,	Budget
Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve by ryantomatosoup on Instagram
Corinne Edmiston
Corinne Edmiston Posted on Feb 28, 2017
Content Produced in Partnership with Fairmont Hotels & Resorts
There's a secret hiking spot only the locals seem to know about in San Diego. While they may have been trying to keep it all to themselves, we're letting the cat out of the bag. It's called Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve. Located about 20 miles outside San Diego, the 4,000 acre preserve has about 37 miles of trails. It's a hidden oasis where more than 500 plant species and hundreds of birds, animals, and reptiles take shelter in the tree groves, creek, and pond.
The waterfall hike is easily the most popular hike in the preserve. Easy to do as a family or solo, the trail winds its way through grassy meadows and marshes to a hidden waterfall protected by the canyon. For those willingly to leave the seaside behind for a few hours, Los Penasquitos Canyon Preserve is a welcome — and much needed — nature trip.
A photo posted by Ryan Tomimitsu (@ryantomatosoup) on Oct 2, 2016 at 8:48am PDT
"Los penasquitos" means "between two hills" and that's exactly where you'll find the waterfall. The hike is moderately strenuous. There aren't many hills, but the Californian heat and distance (about four miles) can take a little bit out of you. Be sure to bring plenty of water and stop for a few breaks in the shade as necessary.
A post shared by Kalyn English (@kalyn_english) on Mar 8, 2017 at 7:16pm PST
It's worth noting as well that this is a canyon hike. That means the walk toward the waterfall will be mostly downhill; however, once you turn back around, you'll spend the majority of the return trip trekking uphill. All that effort is worth though because you'll feel like the king of the world when you reach the falls and once again when you finish the hike.
A photo posted by Nuria (@nuriawinne) on Jan 14, 2017 at 8:26pm PST
When (and How) To Do It:
We recommend taking on this hike late in the afternoon or first thing in the morning. Not only will you be able to avoid the mid-afternoon heat, you'll also be more likely to catch an amazing sunset and perhaps spot a few animals also enjoying the cooler temps. Visitors report seeing mule deer bedding in the grassy areas, while herons and egrets are more likely to be spotted in the marsh or along the rock faces surrounding the falls. The falls can fluctuate in intensity depending on the time of year and the amount of rainfall. Use that to your advantage too to explore the rocky area and waterways.
A photo posted by Fairmont Grand Del Mar (@fairmontgranddelmar) on Sep 4, 2015 at 2:53pm PDT
Once you're Done:
Once you've worked up a sweat, relax in style at the Fairmont Grand Del Mar because you've earned it. Set directly alongside the preserve, its guests rave about the accommodations just as much as the amazing outdoor setting. Want to explore the remaining trails in the Los Penasquitos? The hotel offers horseback riding tours and guided hikes as well.
Wine Lover, Backpacker, Outdoor lover
Jasmine Alley
Adventure, Couples Travel, Style
Aida Mollenkamp
Wine Lover, Food Expert, Lifestyle
No Snow? No Problem! Everything You Must Do in San Diego This Winter
California Road Trip: Surf and Ski in One Day
Partner Content —Skiing—
#AdventureGoals: Slater Trout Takes You from Surf to Ski in One Day


text:
Musician / Singer
Shaun Morgan: Nationality, Net Worth, Family, Height, Weight, Age, and More
April 2, 2021 - by Celebrity Nationalities - Leave a Comment
Take a look at Shaun Morgan's nationality, net worth, and other interesting facts!
If you love the Punisher series, then there is a good chance that you recognize the name of Shaun Morgan. Shaun is a South African musician and singer who is also the lead singer of the post-grunge band, which is known as the Seether, and it was earlier known as the Saron Gas.
Shaun Morgan has experienced an exciting and successful career, to say the least.
Member was once the member of the tribute band before forming the band Saron Gas, and he used to play the cover songs by famous singers and musicians like Creed. Later the band, Saron Gas, was created in the year 1999. The band consisted of three people, and out of them, Morgan was the lead singer. The band was initially formed in South Africa, but later the group members relocated to the USA.
Read about the family members and dating life of Shaun Morgan.
If we talk of his married life, then there are reports that he was married to Jill Holon, and they later got divorced in the year 2002. Then it was reported that he dated Singer Amy Lee from the year 2003 to 2005. He was also into a rehab center in the year 2006. He currently lives in Tennessee.
Jill Hollon
Yes (Jayde Morgan)
Yes (Jordan Kirby)
Shaun Morgan Welgemoed
Bloemfontein, South Africa
Musician, Singer
Shaun Morgan's height is quite tall measuring 1.88 m. Shaun Morgan weighs 77 kg. Being born on December 21, 1978, translates to an age of 44 years as of todays date (January 30, 2023).
Andrew Taggart: Nationality, Net Worth, Family, Height, Weight, Age, and More
Penn Badgley: Nationality, Net Worth, Family, Height, Weight, Age, and More
Shock G: Nationality, Net Worth, Family, Height, Weight, Age, and More


text:
En graf er en todimensional grafisk fremstilling af en funktionel afhængighed mellem to størrelser, således at kender man sammenhørende værdier af de to størrelser, så ved man ud fra grafen, om de tilfredsstiller den funktionelle afhængighed eller ej

En forenklet men mindre almengyldig forklaring er, at ud fra værdien af den ene størrelse, den uafhængige variabel, sædvanligvis afsat positivt til højre ud af x-aksen, kan man på grafen aflæse værdien af den andens, den afhængige variabels størrelse ved at måle aftanden fra grafen til x-aksen i den pågældende afstand fra y-aksen regnet positivt opad. Denne aflæsning lettes i reglen ved hjælp af vandrette og lodrette målestreger anbragt med fast interval ud af henholdsvis x-aksen og y-aksen.

Fremstilling af grafer i praksis

Parvist sammenhørende talværdier kan altid fremstilles dels i form af en tabel, dels i form af en graf.
Tabeller har den fordel at kunne være meget præcise, mens grafer kan være relativt mere anskuelige.
Når man i praksis tegner en graf, sker det gerne ved, at man bruger en registrering i tabelform som grundlag.

I dag er det at omsætte tabelværdier til grafer noget, der som regel gøres fuldautomatisk via computerteknologi.

Grafer kan til dels være i form af grafer på elektroniske displays, der tidstro løbende monitorerer visse måleværdier, f.eks. vedrørende indlagte patienters kritiske tilstand.

Måledata og beregnede data

Dersom en grafs teoretiske værdier både kan måles og beregnes matematisk, så kan en sammenligning mellem to grafer anbragt i det samme koordinatsystem, hvoraf den ene graf afbilder målte data, mens den anden afbilder den tilsvarende matematisk beregnede graf, bruges til sandsynliggørelse af en videnskabelig hypoteses eventuelle rigtighed.

Eksempler

Nogle eksempler på grafer til afbildning af måledata
 En graf der afbilder nedbørsmængden i hver af årets måneder et givet sted et givet år.
Den uafhængige variabel vil da være månedsnummeret og den afhængige variabel nedbørsmængderne for hver af de respektive måneder, idet man f.eks vedtager, at månederne er afsat med 1 cm's interval, mens nedbørsmængderne er afsat, så 100 mm nedbørsmængde svarer til 2 cm på grafen i lodret opadgående retning.

 En graf der afbilder kursudviklingen for et bestemt værdipapir målt dagligt i en givet periode.
Den uafhængige variabel vil da være dagnummeret i det givne interval, og den afhængige variable kursværdien for hver af de respektive datoer, idet man f.eks. vedtager, at dagene er afsat med 2 mm interval og kursværdien, så 100% (pari) svarer til 5 cm på grafen i lodret opadgående retning.

 En graf der afbilder en virksomheds omsætning af en givet vare pr uge i en givet periode.
Den uafhængige variabel vil da være ugenummeret i det givne interval, og den afhængige variabel antal solgte eksemplarer i løbet af den pågeldende uge, idet man f.eks. vedtager, at ugerne er afsat med 2 mm interval og antallet af solgte eksemplarer er afsat, så 10.000 stk. svarer til 1 cm på grafen i lodret opadgående retning.

Nogle eksempler på grafer, der kan beregnes  matematisk
 Forløbet af solens højde over horisonten gennem 24 timer på en givet dag af året på en givet breddegrad.
 Forløbet af beliggenheden af et legeme med en givet begyndelseshastighed, bevægelsesretning og masse, der påvirkes af en givet konstant kraft i en givet retning.

Abstrakte grafer

En abstrakt graf er er en graf, der ikke direkte vedrører fysiske forhold, men derimod en matematisk lovmæssighed, der er defineret i form af en algebraisk formel. Nogle velkendte eksempler er:
 En ellipse (formeleksempel: ax² + by² = 1)
 En cirkel (formeleksempel: x² + y² = 1)
 En parabel (formeleksempel: y = x3)
 En hyperbel (formeleksempel: y = 1/x)
 En eksponentialkurve (formeleksempel: y = ex)
I forbindelse med sådanne grafer kan man tale om afledte funktioner, såsom funktioner for hældningskoefficienter og integraler.
Hele området henhører under det, man kalder analytisk geometri, en disciplin, der blev opfundet af den franske matematiker René Descartes.

Fagmatematisk forklaring af grafer for matematiske funktioner

Grafen for en funktion (reel funktion af én reel variabel) gengiver funktionens "forløb" idet den uafhængige varibel (ofte kaldet ) afsættes ud ad førsteaksen, og den afhængige variabel ( eller ) ud ad andenaksen. For hyppigt betragtede "pæne" funktioner fremstår grafen som en kurve i et sådant koordinatsystem.

Abstrakt kan grafen for en vilkårlig afbildning  defineres som mængden

Det er ikke i alle tilfælde at der kan laves en visuel fremstilling af denne abstrakte mængde .

Noter og henvisninger

Computergrafik
Infografik
Diagrammer


A report found that average global warming was 0.8C over the past century, with recent warming growing at 0.2C per decade. If continued, such a trend would lead to a temperature rise of about 3C by the end of this century relative to pre-industrial temperatures.
Latest observations show decreases in Arctic sea ice are occurring faster than any climate model projections. Models had suggested that in a business-as-usual scenario, an ice-free Arctic Ocean might occur from 2050 to 2100 or beyond.
Warming in the Antarctic - one of the most rapidly warming regions of the planet - is about 0.5C per decade, compared to the global rate of 0.2C.
On Monday, November 5, 2007 at 12:01 AM, the Writer's Guild of America officially went on strike. Writers for all of your favorite shows left their jobs, picked up signs and took up positions outside the studios and corporate offices on both coasts.
You may be asking yourself why are they on strike? The big reason is a renegotiated contract that includes new technology. As years have passed the contracts that govern the pay-outs of residuals have not been updated and the studios are trying to keep from paying any type of residuals on new technology (e.g. DVDs, internet, downloads..).
With no agreement in place, and no apparent possibility in the near future, the writer's will be walking the line until such a time that serious talks can commence. However, neither side is budging on their stance. What does this mean to you and me, the television fan? Well, in a few weeks the new episodes will run out, perhaps sooner, and we will be left with reruns and probably more game shows and reality shows.
Reality shows — even though a great majority of them are written by professional writers — aren't under the WGA contract, so networks would quickly add a ton of reality and even newsmagazines to the nighttime lineups.
So... in the near future when the network script stockpile runs out, you might see popular TV series in reality format.
Like Lost: Outwit, Outplay, Outlast. Imagine, each week a survivor from the plane crash will be voted out of the island. All they have to do is complete tasks and challenge assigned to them by The Dharma Initiative.
or Who Wants to be a Heroe? I dunno how that will work, but I reckon it will be like a deathmatch and see which Hero will be the last one standing. heh heh!


I have commented a couple of times on Jordan Loveridge, the best recruit in Utah, and how Weber State was in his final four.
Loveridge announced today that he would play for the University of Utah, and it sounds like the fact that they are in the Pac-12 was a huge factor in his decision.
Jordan Loveridge, the 6-foot-7 forward who shot up national rating charts after a dazzling showing in the Adidas Super 64 last month in Las Vegas, will join the Utes in 2012 after playing his senior year at West Jordan High School.
"I have a great relationship with every single coach," Loveridge said. "I just want to be a part of the rebuilding we're going to get the program back to where it was and we're going to do it in the Pac-12 one of the biggest conferences."
Loveridge put Arizona in his final four, even though they had not made an offer.
If he is looking for exposure, Utah might be the best play to go, as they are in a power conference and so he has a better chance of being seen on national TV. Also, Utah is very down right now, so he could have a chance to play relatively early in his career.
However, he certainly would have had a better chance of being in the NCAA Tournament if he had gone to Weber State. The Wildcats have been contenders for the Big Sky title almost every season under Randy Rahe, and that doesn't seem likely to change anytime soon. Loveridge is the type of player that would have been a star in the Big Sky.
But alas, it was not meant to be. New coach Larry Krystowiak recruited Loveridge hard, and in the end, it was enough. It will be interesting to see how early he is able to get on the court. He has been rising up boards quick, so this commitment could look even better for the Utes a year from now.


text:
/**
 * @file
 **/

#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

#include "gtest/gtest.h"

#include "modules/perception/proto/perception_obstacle.pb.h"
#include "modules/prediction/proto/prediction_obstacle.pb.h"

#include "modules/common/util/file.h"
#include "modules/common/util/util.h"
#include "modules/planning/common/path_obstacle.h"

namespace apollo {
namespace planning {

TEST(IsLateralDecision, AllDecisions) {
  ObjectDecisionType decision_ignore;
  decision_ignore.mutable_ignore();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_ignore));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake;
  decision_overtake.mutable_overtake();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_overtake));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow;
  decision_follow.mutable_follow();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_follow));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield;
  decision_yield.mutable_yield();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_yield));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop;
  decision_stop.mutable_stop();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_stop));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_nudge;
  decision_nudge.mutable_nudge();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_nudge));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_sidepass;
  decision_sidepass.mutable_sidepass();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLateralDecision(decision_sidepass));
}

TEST(IsLongitudinalDecision, AllDecisions) {
  ObjectDecisionType decision_ignore;
  decision_ignore.mutable_ignore();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake;
  decision_overtake.mutable_overtake();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow;
  decision_follow.mutable_follow();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield;
  decision_yield.mutable_yield();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop;
  decision_stop.mutable_stop();
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_nudge;
  decision_nudge.mutable_nudge();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_nudge));

  ObjectDecisionType decision_sidepass;
  decision_sidepass.mutable_sidepass();
  EXPECT_FALSE(PathObstacle::IsLongitudinalDecision(decision_sidepass));
}

TEST(MergeLongitudinalDecision, AllDecisions) {
  ObjectDecisionType decision_ignore;
  decision_ignore.mutable_ignore();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake;
  decision_overtake.mutable_overtake();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow;
  decision_follow.mutable_follow();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield;
  decision_yield.mutable_yield();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop;
  decision_stop.mutable_stop();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_nudge;
  decision_nudge.mutable_nudge();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_sidepass;
  decision_sidepass.mutable_sidepass();

  // vertical decision comparison
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_ignore)
          .has_stop());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_overtake)
          .has_stop());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_follow)
          .has_stop());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_yield)
          .has_stop());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield, decision_ignore)
          .has_yield());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield, decision_overtake)
          .has_yield());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield, decision_follow)
          .has_yield());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow, decision_ignore)
          .has_follow());
  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow,
                                                      decision_overtake)
                  .has_follow());

  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake,
                                                      decision_ignore)
                  .has_overtake());

  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore,
                                                      decision_overtake)
                  .has_overtake());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore, decision_follow)
          .has_follow());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore, decision_yield)
          .has_yield());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore, decision_stop)
          .has_stop());

  EXPECT_TRUE(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake,
                                                      decision_follow)
                  .has_follow());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake, decision_yield)
          .has_yield());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake, decision_stop)
          .has_stop());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow, decision_yield)
          .has_yield());
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow, decision_stop)
          .has_stop());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield, decision_stop)
          .has_stop());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_ignore, decision_ignore)
          .has_ignore());

  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake,
                                                       decision_nudge),
               ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow, decision_nudge),
      ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield, decision_nudge),
      ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_nudge),
      ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake,
                                                       decision_sidepass),
               ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow,
                                                       decision_sidepass),
               ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield,
                                                       decision_sidepass),
               ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop, decision_sidepass),
      ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_nudge,
                                                       decision_overtake),
               ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_sidepass,
                                                       decision_overtake),
               ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  EXPECT_DEATH(PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_nudge,
                                                       decision_sidepass),
               ".*decision : nudge \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake1;
  decision_overtake1.mutable_overtake()->set_distance_s(1);
  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake2;
  decision_overtake2.mutable_overtake()->set_distance_s(2);
  EXPECT_EQ(2, PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_overtake1,
                                                       decision_overtake2)
                   .overtake()
                   .distance_s());

  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow1;
  decision_follow1.mutable_follow()->set_distance_s(-1);
  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow2;
  decision_follow2.mutable_follow()->set_distance_s(-2);
  EXPECT_EQ(-2, PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_follow1,
                                                        decision_follow2)
                    .follow()
                    .distance_s());

  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield1;
  decision_yield1.mutable_yield()->set_distance_s(-1);
  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield2;
  decision_yield2.mutable_yield()->set_distance_s(-2);
  EXPECT_EQ(-2, PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_yield1,
                                                        decision_yield2)
                    .yield()
                    .distance_s());

  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop1;
  decision_stop1.mutable_stop()->set_distance_s(-1);
  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop2;
  decision_stop2.mutable_stop()->set_distance_s(-2);
  EXPECT_EQ(-2, PathObstacle::MergeLongitudinalDecision(decision_stop1,
                                                        decision_stop2)
                    .stop()
                    .distance_s());
}

TEST(MergeLateralDecision, AllDecisions) {
  ObjectDecisionType decision_ignore;
  decision_ignore.mutable_ignore();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_overtake;
  decision_overtake.mutable_overtake();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_follow;
  decision_follow.mutable_follow();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_yield;
  decision_yield.mutable_yield();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_stop;
  decision_stop.mutable_stop();

  ObjectDecisionType decision_nudge;
  decision_nudge.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::LEFT_NUDGE);

  ObjectDecisionType decision_sidepass;
  decision_sidepass.mutable_sidepass();

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_ignore)
          .has_nudge());

  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_ignore, decision_nudge)
          .has_nudge());

  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_overtake),
      ".*decision : overtake \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_follow),
      ".*decision : follow \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_yield),
      ".*decision : yield \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_stop),
      ".*decision : stop \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_sidepass),
      ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_overtake, decision_nudge),
      ".*decision : overtake \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_sidepass, decision_nudge),
      ".*decision : sidepass \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_overtake, decision_sidepass),
      ".*decision : overtake \\{ \\} not found in safety sorter.*");

  ObjectDecisionType decision_nudge2;
  decision_nudge2.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::LEFT_NUDGE);
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_nudge2)
          .has_nudge());
  decision_nudge2.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::RIGHT_NUDGE);
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PathObstacle::MergeLateralDecision(decision_nudge, decision_nudge2),
      ".*could not merge left nudge and right nudge");
}

TEST(PathObstacleTest, add_decision_test) {
  // init state
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
  }

  // Ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;
    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_ignore());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_ignore());
  }

  // stop and ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_stop();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_stop", decision);

    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_stop());

    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_ignore());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_stop());
  }

  // left nudge and ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::LEFT_NUDGE);
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_nudge", decision);

    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());

    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_ignore());
  }

  // right nudge and ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::RIGHT_NUDGE);
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_nudge", decision);

    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());

    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_ignore());
  }

  // left nudge and right nudge
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::LEFT_NUDGE);
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_left_nudge", decision);

    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());

    decision.mutable_nudge()->set_type(ObjectNudge::RIGHT_NUDGE);
    EXPECT_DEATH(path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_right_nudge", decision),
                 ".*could not merge left nudge and right nudge");
  }

  // overtake and ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_overtake();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_overtake", decision);

    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_overtake());

    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_ignore());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_overtake());
  }

  // yield and ignore
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_yield();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_yield", decision);

    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_yield());

    decision.mutable_ignore();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_ignore", decision);
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_ignore());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_yield());
  }

  // stop and nudge
  {
    PathObstacle path_obstacle;
    ObjectDecisionType decision;

    decision.mutable_stop();
    path_obstacle.AddLongitudinalDecision("test_stop", decision);

    EXPECT_FALSE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_stop());

    decision.mutable_nudge();
    path_obstacle.AddLateralDecision("test_nudge", decision);
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLateralDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.HasLongitudinalDecision());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LateralDecision().has_nudge());
    EXPECT_TRUE(path_obstacle.LongitudinalDecision().has_stop());
  }
}

}  // namespace planning
}  // namespace apollo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Scientists born on
December 22nd
Scientists died on
Science events on
Who said: "A people without children would face a hopeless future; a country without trees is almost as helpless."
Ronald Reagan George W. Bush Theodore Roosevelt more quiz questions >>
< 21 Dec | 23 Dec >
DECEMBER 22 – BIRTHS – Scientists born on December 22nd
Born 22 Dec 1936. quotes
Northern Irish science writer and historian.
Lewis Hastings Sarett
Born 22 Dec 1917; died 29 Nov 1999 at age 81.
American organic chemist who prepared a synthetic version of the hormone cortisone (1944) using a complicated 36-step process. He was a research scientist (1942-48) at Merck & Co., Inc. Four years later the Mayo Clinic demonstrated the efficacy of the product against rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone also has wide-ranging applications in the treatment of allergies as well as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. In 1949, Sarett and several collaborators initiated an alternative synthesis commencing with raw materials derivable from coal, air, lime, and water. This led to the first route independent of naturally occurring starting materials. Sarett was the 1975 recipient of the National Medal of Science.«
Grote Reber
Born 22 Dec 1911; died 20 Dec 2002 at age 90. quotes
U.S. amateur astronomer and radio engineer who self-financed and built the first radio telescope. He pioneered the new field of radio astronomy, and was the first to systematically study the sky by observing non-visible radiation. After reading about Jansky's discovery (1932) of natural radio emissions from space, Reber constructed a 9-meter dish antenna in his back yard and built three different detectors before finding 160 MHz signals (1939). In 1940 and 1944 he published articles titled Cosmic Static in the Astrophysical Journal. He was the first to express received radio signals in terms of flux density and brightness, first to find evidence that galactic radiation is non-thermal, and first to produce radio maps of the sky (1941).«
It Doesn't Take a Rocket Scientist: Great Amateurs of Science, by John Malone. - book suggestion.
Haldan Keffer Hartline
Born 22 Dec 1903; died 17 Mar 1983 at age 79.
American physiologist who shared (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his analysis of how the sensory cells of the retina of the eye evaluate the light stimulus. In his early career, he studied the metabolism of nerve cells and in time came to research individual cells in the retina of the eye. He used tiny electrodes to isolate individual fibres in the eyes of horseshoe crabs and frogs. He learned how impulse generation in the sensory cells transmits a code in response to illumination of different intensity and duration. He spent almost half a century advancing the understanding of the neurophysiology of vision.«
Born 22 Dec 1887; died 26 Apr 1920 at age 32. quotes
Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan was an Indian mathematician who did notable work on hypergeometric series and continued fractions. In number theory, he discovered properties of the partition function. Although self-taught, he was one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. He worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series. His remarkable familiarity with numbers, was shown by the following incident. While Ramanujan was in hospital in England, his Cambridge professor, G. H. Hardy, visited and remarked that he had taken taxi number 1729, a singularly unexceptional number. Ramanujan immediately responded that this number was actually quite remarkable: it is the smallest integer that can be represented in two ways by the sum of two cubes: 1729=13+123=93+103.« more
The Man Who Knew Infinity, by Robert Kanigel. - book suggestion.
Gustav Waldemar Elmen
Born 22 Dec 1876; died 10 Dec 1957 at age 80.
Swedish-American electrical engineer and metallurgist who created Permalloy (1916) and related alloys with high magnetic permeability used in communications equipment. An alloy with this property can be easily magnetized and demagnetized, especially useful for applications in electrical equipment, telephones and other communications systems. He developed the nickel-iron Permalloyin 1916, for Western Electric Company (later Bell Telephone Laboratories). Later, in 1923, Elmen found that magnetic permeability could be dramatically enhanced if Permalloy was heat treated. Its magnetic permeability exceeded that of silicon steel. His discovery made possible deep-sea telegraph cables of large message- carrying capacity.«
Born 22 Dec 1872; died 9 Jun 1961 at age 88.
French bacteriologist who (with Albert Calmette) developed, the tuberculosis vaccine known as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, or BCG (1921). It was adopted throughout Europe and America against tuberculosis. As a vaccine it is an attenuated (weakened) form of the Mycobacterium bovis bacterium. When injected, it gives partial protection against tuberculosis, by stimulating the body's defence system without causing the disease. A successful vaccination produces a lump at the injection site.«
Enrico Barone
Born 22 Dec 1859; died 14 May 1924 at age 64.
Italian mathematical economist who builton the general equilibrium theory of Léon Walras and was instrumental in convincing Walras to incorporate variable production techniques - and, by extension, marginal productivity theory - into the Walras theory. Barone's greatest contribution was in getting the "Socialist Calculation" debate started with his famous 1908 article. His position was that it was indeed possible in a collectivist state for a planning agency to calculate prices for maximum efficiency. He was the first to apply indifference curve analysis to compare the relative burdens of income taxes and excise taxes (1912). He opposed "progressive" taxation schemes as based on dubious utilitarian calculations.«
Constantin Fahlberg
Born 22 Dec 1850; died 15 Aug 1910 at age 59. quotes
Russian chemist who, while working for Ira Remsen on coal tar compounds, discovered saccharin (anhydroorthosulphaminebenzoic acid), in a synthesis from toluene. The compound is 220 times sweeter than cane sugar. Initially called benzoic sulphinide, Fahlberg coined the trade name "saccharin" (from the Latin word for sugar). With his uncle, Dr. Adolph List, he established a saccharin factory in in Magdeburg, Germany (1896), known as Fahlberg-List. He obtained a patent in Britain in 1886, and several patents in America. beginning with U.S. No.326,281 (issued 15 Sep 1885). What Fahlberg initially prepared in gram quantities in the laboratory, he turned into a product manufactured in ton quantities, making him wealthy. During the 1960s to 2000, saccharin was suspected as a carcinogen, but is now regarded as safe.« more
Empty Pleasures: The Story of Artificial Sweeteners from Saccharin to Splenda, by Carolyn de la Pena. - book suggestion.
Jean Henri Fabre
Born 22 Dec 1823; died 11 Oct 1915 at age 91. quotes
French entomologist and author who popularized insect natural history. He wrote ten volumes of Souvenirs entomologiques(1879-1907) in which he recorded his perceptive field observations of insect behaviour. Although his career began as a professor of physics, and in 1866 he isolated alizarin (the colouring agent in madder), his life work became the study of insects, about which he wrote in elegant prose. From his study of parasitic wasps he deduced that much of the wasp's behaviour is inherited and not learned. Victor Hugo dubbed him "the insects' Homer" and Edmond Rostand named him the "Virgil of insects." Darwin cited him as "an incomparable observer."«
Fabre's Book of Insects, by Jean-Henri Fabre, et al. - book suggestion.
Johann Jakob Bachofen
Swiss jurist and cultural anthropologist best known for his study of ancient matriarchies, Das Mutterrecht (1861; "Mother Right"), in which he desribed his finding that the matriarchy existed among all primitive peoples. He studied ancient civilizations in Italy, Greece, and Spain with a particular interest in the laws, customs, and rituals of ancient societies. He interpreted the spiritual and social worlds of ancient societies not only through analysis of myths, but also by the archaeological artifacts, and the information he drew from the iconography of funeral urns (though in this latter skill, his exactness may have sometimes strayed with his imagination).«
Myth, Religion, and Mother Right, by Johann Jakob Bachofen. - book suggestion.
Nicholas Joseph Callan
Born 22 Dec 1799; died 10 Jan 1864 at age 64.
Irish physicist who pioneered in electrical science. He invented the induction coil (1836) before that of better-known Heinrich Ruhmkorff. Callan's coil was built using a horseshoe shaped iron bar wound with a secondary coil of thin insulated wire under a separate winding of thick insulated wire as the "primary" coil. Each time a battery's current through the "primary" coil was interrupted, a high voltage current was produced in the electrically separate "secondary" coil. By 1837, Callan used a clock mechanism to rock a wire in and out of a small cup of mercury to interrupt the circuit 20 times/sec on a giant induction machine, producing 15-inch sparks (estimated at 600,000 volts).«
Johann Friedrich Pfaff
Born 22 Dec 1765; died 21 Apr 1825 at age 59.
German mathematician who proposed the first general method of integrating partial differential equations of the first order. Pfaff did important work on special functions and the theory of series. He developed Taylor's Theorem using the form with remainder as given by Lagrange. In 1810 he contributed to the solution of a problem due to Gauss concerning the ellipse of greatest area which could be drawn inside a given quadrilateral. His most important work on Pfaffian forms was published in 1815 when he was nearly 50, but its importance was not recognised until 1827 when Jacobi published a paper on Pfaff's method.«
Nature bears long with those who wrong her. She is patient under abuse. But when abuse has gone too far, when the time of reckoning finally comes, she is equally slow to be appeased and to turn away her wrath. (1882) -- Nathaniel Egleston, who was writing then about deforestation, but speaks equally well about the danger of climate change today.
Carl Sagan: In science it often happens that scientists say, 'You know that's a really good argument; my position is mistaken,' and then they would actually change their minds and you never hear that old view from them again. They really do it. It doesn't happen as often as it should, because scientists are human and change is sometimes painful. But it happens every day. I cannot recall the last time something like that happened in politics or religion. (1987) ...(more by Sagan)
Albert Einstein: I used to wonder how it comes about that the electron is negative. Negative-positive—these are perfectly symmetric in physics. There is no reason whatever to prefer one to the other. Then why is the electron negative? I thought about this for a long time and at last all I could think was "It won the fight!" ...(more by Einstein)
Richard Feynman: It is the facts that matter, not the proofs. Physics can progress without the proofs, but we can't go on without the facts ... if the facts are right, then the proofs are a matter of playing around with the algebra correctly. ...(more by Feynman)
DECEMBER 22 – DEATHS – Scientists died on December 22nd
John Holter
Died 22 Dec 2003 at age 87 (born 1 Apr 1916).
American inventor of a pioneering valve used in the treatment of hydrocephalus ("water on the brain"). Shortly after birth (1955), his son suffered from hydrocephalus. Holter learned from surgeons Eugene Spitz and Frank Nulsen that a suitable valve to drain fluid from the brain could maintain normal cranial pressure. To save his son, Holter invented a pressure-sealing valve made from silicone to avoid clogging problems. He subsequently refined and patented the device. Spitz and Holter set up a company to manufacture the shunts using Silastic silicone. The Spitz-Holter valve has helped millions around the world since the late 1950s. Holter later created other medical devices, including dialysis pumps, artificial heart valves and finger tendons.«[Image: Schematic of placement of drainage tube with valve seen placed subcutaneously beside ear.]
Died 22 Dec 1921 at age 60 (born 10 Feb 1861).
Early American ethnographer of American Indians, especially those of the southeastern United States. His investigations of the history, heraldry, and culture of the Cherokee and Kiowa included the deciphering of the Kiowa calendar and the discovery of an ancient ritual of the North Carolina Cherokee recorded in the native script.
Baron Richard von Krafft-Ebing
Died 22 Dec 1902 at age 62 (born 14 Aug 1840). quotes
German neurologist and neuropsychiatrist (baron) who opened the field of sexual psychopathology. He was recognized as an authority on deviant sexual behavior and its medicolegal aspects. He was the first to write on the subject in his Psychopathia Sexualis (1886). It contained 51 case histories out of the hundreds of medical and court reports he had collected. Therein, he also coined the terms sadism and masochism derived from the names of the Marquis de Sade and Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895). He also introduced therm "paranoia." His work provided a foundation for the work of Sigmund Freud two decades later.«
Stepchildren of Nature: Krafft-Ebing, Psychiatry, and the Making of Sexual Identity, by Harry Oosterhuis. - book suggestion.
Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden
Died 22 Dec 1887 at age 58 (born 7 Sep 1829).
American geologist and explorer of the U.S. West. After finishing a medical school training (1853), his early career began in paleontology for James Hall, collecting fossils in the Badlands and the Upper Missouri Valley. It is believed he made the first North American discovery of dinosaur remains (1854) during this expedition. During the Civil War, he served as a surgeon in the Civil War, after which he resumed his western explorations. His work in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains helped lay the foundation of the U.S. Geological Survey. Hayden is credited with having the Yellowstone geyser area declared the first national park (1872). He hosted the Western botanical journey of Gray and Hooker in 1877.«
Strange Genius: The Life of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, by Mike Foster. - book suggestion.
Jean-Victor Poncelet
Died 22 Dec 1867 at age 79 (born 1 Jul 1788). quotes
French mathematician and engineer whose study of the pole and polar lines associated with conic led to the principle of duality. While serving as an engineer in Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign, he was left for dead at Krasnoy, but then captured. During his imprisonment he studied projective geometry and wrote a treatise on analytic geometry. Released in 1814, he returned to France, and in 1822 published Traité des propriétés projectives des figures in which he presented his fundamental ideas of projective geometry such as the cross-ratio, perspective, involution and the circular points at infinity. As a professor of mechanics (1825-35), he applied mechanics to improve waterwheels and was able to double their efficiency.«
Jean-Baptiste Georges Marie Bory de Saint-Vincent
French biologist whose interest as an amateur naturalist began in childhood. Although he was in the army for most of his career (1799-1840), he led botanical expeditions. He added to the knowledge of island fauna and the zoogeography of the seas.«
William Hyde Wollaston
Died 22 Dec 1828 at age 62 (born 6 Aug 1766). quotes
English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium (1803) and rhodium (1804), during his investigation of platinum ore. He developed a method of forming platinum - powder-metallurgy - and was the first to produce malleable and ductile platinum on a commercial scale. He made his method public at the Royal Society on 28 Nov 1828, shortly before his death. In 1801 he proved experimentally that frictional and current electricity are the same. He is particularly noted for being the first to observe dark lines in the spectrum of the sun which eventually led to the discovery of the elements in the Sun. He constructed the Wollaston prism, a polarizing beam splitter (now applied in the CD player), and invented the camera lucida.«
Stephen Day
Died 22 Dec 1668 (born c. 1594).
English locksmith who established the first printing press in England's North American colonies. In 1638, Rev. Jose Glover pursuaded Day to sail with him from England to British North America with a printing press to produce religious texts. Day's son Matthew was a printer's apprentice. Although Glover died en-route, the press was set up at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. The Days printed a broadside and an almanac in their first year. In 1639, it is believed that Stephen Day produced his first work, The Freeman's Oath. The next year, the first book to be printed in North America was 1,700 copies of the Bay Psalm Book. In 1649, Matthew died, and officials of Harvard College appointed Samuel Green to operate the Cambridge Press.«
Categories index: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
DECEMBER 22 – EVENTS – Science events on December 22nd
In 1987, U.S. scientists say a single gene may decide the sex of a baby.
Live space telecast
In 1968, the first U.S. live telecast from a manned spacecraft in outer space was transmitted at 3:01 p.m. from Apollo VIII. The earth appeared as a blurred ball of light. The craft was 139,000 miles from earth, 31-hr 20-min after launch. the previous day. A total of six live television transmission sessions were done by the crew during the mission, including the famous Christmas Eve broadcast in which the astronauts read from the book of Genesis. The crew for the flight was Captain James Lovell, Colonel Frank Borman and Major William Anders. The primary purpose of this mission was to further progress toward the goal of landing men on the Moon by gaining operational experience and testing the Apollo system.
First coelacanth discovered
In 1938, a coelacanth, a primitive fish thought extinct, was discovered. Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer was curator of the museum in the port town of East London, northeast of Cape Town, South Africa, and always interested in seeing unusual specimens. Hendrik Goosen, captain of the trawler Nerine, called her to see his catch of the day before, made at about 70-m depth, off the Chalumna River southwest of East London. She spotted an unusual 5-ft fish in his "trash" fish pile. It was pale mauvy-blue with iridescent silver markings. She sent a sketch to Dr J.L.B. Smith, a senior lecturer in chemistry from Rhodes University in Grahamstown for identification. It was hailed as the zoological discovery of the century and equated to finding a living dinosaur!
New Jersey entrance, Late 1940s
In 1937, the Lincoln Tunnel in New York opened to traffic, passing 1.5 miles under the Hudson River and connecting Weehawken, N.J., and Manhattan in New York City. It was designed by Othmar H. Ammann, designer of many of the 20th century's greatest bridges including a number in New York. A second tube of the Lincoln Tunnel to the north of the first was opened on 1 Feb 1945, and a third tube was added south of the first on 25 May 1957, making it the world's only three-tube underwater tunnel for vehicles. The tubes have an external diameter of 3-ft, with an operating headroom of 13-ft and width 21.5-ft. The maximum depth from mean high water to roadway is 97-ft.
Edison patent
In 1924, Thomas A. Edison was issued a U.S. design patent for a "Design for a Phonograph Cabinet." (Design patent No. 69068). In addition to a front and side elevation, the patent showed an enlarged portion of the front elevation showing more clearly the details of one of the panels or grilles. The design patent covers the ornamental design for a phonograph cabinet as shown for a term of 14 years. A design patent protects only the appearance of the article and not structural or utilitarian features.
In 1885, a U.S. patent for a gravity switchback railway was issued to La Marcus Adna Thompson of Coney Island, N.Y. (No. 332,762). In 1884, Thompson, the "Father of the Gravity Ride," opened a 600-ft roller-coaster at Coney Island at 6-mph maximum. Its popularity enabled him to recoup his $1,600 investment in only three weeks. In this patent he described a railway on trestles with two parallel tracks undulating vertically. At the end of the first track, a switch automatically allowed the car to return on the second track. His design in an earlier patent (20 Jan 1885, No. 310,966) needed passengers to temporarily get out of the car at the end of the first track while assistants prepared it to return on the second track.)
In 1882, the first string of electric lights decorating a Christmas tree was created for his home by Edward H. Johnson, an associate of Thomas Edison. Previously, trees had been decorated with wax candles. The Dec 1901 issue of the Ladies' Home Journal advertised the Christmas tree lamps, first made commercially by the Edison General Electric Co. of Harrison, N.J. in strings of nine sockets, each with a miniature 2 candlepower, 32-volt, carbon-filament lamp*. Christmas tree lights quickly became the rage among wealthy Americans, but the average citizen didn't use them until the 1920s or later. Character light bulbs became popular in the 1920s, bubble lights in the 1940s, twinkle bulbs in the 1950s and plastic bulbs by 1955.«[Image: First Christmas tree decorated with 80 walnut-sized red, white and blue hand-wired lamps.] more
Liquifaction of oxygen
In 1879, the liquefaction of oxygen was announced by Raoul Pierre Pictet (1846-1929), a Swiss chemist and physicist, by sending a telegram to the French Academy: Oxygen liquefied today under 320-atm and 140 degrees of cold by combined use of sulfurous and carbonic acid. French physicist Louis Cailletet made a similar announcement two days later. Pictet's early interest was in ice-making machines. Later, he studied extremely low temperatures and the liquefaction of gases. Both Pictet and Cailletet used both cooling and compression to liquefy oxygen but they achieved this using different techniques. Pictet's method had an advantage in that produced the liquid gas in greater quantity and was easier to apply to other gases.[Image: part of a Pictet machine to cool down glycerine, which was pumped through a piping system in the first artificial skating track:]
Sun flash spectrum
Flash spectrum of Sun's chromosphere during eclipse on 14 Jan 1926.
In 1870, Charles Augustus Young, an American astronomer, made the first observations of the flash spectrum of the Sun. He was a pioneer in the study of the spectrum of the sun and experimented in photographing solar prominences in full sunlight. On 22 Dec 1870, at the eclipse in Spain, he saw the lines of the solar spectrum all become bright for perhaps a second and a half (the "flash spectrum") and announced the "reversing layer." In his career, he also proved the gaseous nature of the sun's corona. By exploring from the high altitude of Sherman, Wy. (1872), he more than doubled the number of bright lines he had observed in the chromosphere. By a comparison of observations, he concluded that magnetic conditions on the earth respond to solar disturbances.
Balloon flight studies eclipse
In 1870, Jules César Janssen flew in a balloon in order to study the solar eclipse. Using the balloon he escaped the German siege of Paris to study the eclipse in Algeria. He reached Oran (or Wahran), Algeria, but the eclipse was clouded out.
French Academy of Sciences
In 1666, the French Academy of Sciences was founded by seven mathematicians and seven physicists meeting in the king's library. The society was an outgrowth of an informal community of scientists who coordinated their research efforts through the efforts of Marin Mersenne, a monk at the Minim monastery, who had exchanged 10,000 letters with them. In 1699, King Louis XIV (who also supported the Paris Observatory) issued a formal decree of protection to the new Academy. Initially, in the constitution that he gave the society, the king retained the right to appoint members, but later membership was given by election. In 1805, the Academy moved its meetings from the Louvre to the Institute of France building.«*


text:
tv Newsline LINKTV February 11, 2016 5:00am-5:31am PST
welcome back to "newsline." i'm kanako sachno. north korea state-run media has broadcast a video showing last sunday's rocket launch. the broadcast says it was carrying a satellite. it's widely believed the country was testing a long-range ballistic missile. korean central television aired the video on thursday. it shows a three-stage rocket rising into the sky.
the rocket bears a korean word, the name of the alleged satellite. observers say north korea's leaders likely had two motives for showing the video. they wanted to hail the launch as a historic success, and they wanted to dissuade the u.n. security council from adopting new sanctions. south korean leaders are imposing sanctions on the north because of the rocket launch and an earlier nuclear test. they said they would halt a business complex the koreans run together. now south korean businesses are pulling out. the keson complex lies in the north. people who run south korean firms there have been trucking out their equipment. the complex opened 12 years ago as a symbol of cooperation. this is the first time the south has halted operations. the industrial complex has enabled north korea to earn foreign currency. still officials in pyongyang say
they'll shut it down altogether. the north koreans say they'll put the zone under military control. they called the south's shutdown of operations a declaration of war. they vowed to evict all south koreans from the complex and freeze south korean assets there. the officials also said they'd closed cross-border communication lines in the truce village. u.s. leaders are also taking a tough stand against north korea. members of the senate voted unanimously to tighten sanctions. the legislation targets people who help north korea develop weapons of mass destruction, carry out human rights abuses, or conduct cyber attacks. it requires the u.s. government to freeze the assets of people or companies involved and ban their entry into the u.s. the legislation demands sanctions on individuals and firms found to have sold north korea software or metals that could be used in nuclear or missile development.
authorities in taiwan believe shoddy construction caused a condominium to collapse when an earthquake struck the island last week, killing dozens of people. they've learned the building had less than half the required reinforcing steel in some parts of its structure. the authorities have confirmed 61 deaths in the jolt that hit the southern city of tainan on saturday. about 60 people are believed to be trapped in the rubble. rescuers are using heavy construction equipment in a race against the clock to find more survivors. taiwanese prosecutors have detained three people, including the former head of a local construction firm and two architects on suspicion of professional negligence and other charges. local media report the men are denying the charges.
german media say tuesday's train accident in the southern state of bavaria was caused by human error. two trains collided head-on, on a single-track stretch. police say 10 people were killed and 81 injured. an automatic train stopping system at the site failed to work, though it showed no irregulaties durg insptions la week. translar: we'renalyzing the blacboxes revered from e train determi what haened tecically a the use of t acciden >> local media have quoted investigators as saying the person in charge of monitoring train operations at a signal station switched off the automatic stopping system and let through a train that was running behind schedule. authorities have not commented on the reports. the world's nuclear
authority has waded into the fight against the zika virus. it's organizing a meeting of expert to discuss using radiation to combat the mosquito-borne disease. the international atomic energy agency wednesday opened to reporters a facility outside vienna, austria, that's researching ways to use nuclear techniques to sterilize male mosquitos. the method involves exposing mosquito larvae to radiation to make them impotent. then they're released en masse into the wild where they mate with females, which don't produce offspring. the procedure has previously proven effective in controlling fruitfly populations. >> it's an absolutely clean, safe, biosecure, and environment friendly technology. >> one drawback is the number of sterile male mosquitos released must be more than ten times the local population of wild ones. the iaea will hold a two-day meeting of experts in brazil later this month to exchange
opinions on launching the program in nations hit by zika virus outbreaks. suicide bombers have struck a refugee camp in nigeria. they killed at least 58 people and wounded many more. their attack bore the hallmarks of the islamic militant group boko haram. the camp held people who fled boko haram's insurgency. two women went into the crowd and blew themselves up. they'd reportedly disguised themselves as refugees. analysts suggest boko haram launched the attack as revenge for military offenses. the group has launched a string of attacks in nigeria and neighboring countries. it abducts women and forces them to carry out suicide bombings. a woman who would have been a third attacker at the refugee camp surrendered to authorities. she's quoted as saying she didn't blow herself up because her family was in the camp. five years ago today, egyptian president hosni mubarak was forced to step down in the midst of massive demonstrations.
looking back, some say the rights they demanded remain far out of reach. >> reporter: these are egyptian citizens who have recently disappeared. some are activists. others are journalists. this human rights organization has been investigating their cases. they've long suspected that the government is responsible. but it was only last month that the minister of interior finally admitted that the 114 people out of nearly 200 missing are in detention. they' . >> translator: it's definitely a human rights violation to detain someone for one year or two years without giving any information about it to his or her family or lawyer.
>> reporter: maha has been looking for her husband for two years. shihata is her lawyer. the wife says he strongly believed in democracy and participated in the arab spring uprising. maha says he didn't have anything to do with extremism, let alone terrorism. she recently received a document from the government saying shihata is living overseas. but maha suspects he's detained somewhere in egypt. she attended a gathering of her husband's supporters. >> translator: in the revolution five years ago, we demanded bread, freedom, and social equality. but now we suffer from a lack of freedom.
>> reporter: after three years of troubles, el sisi took power in 2014 and he vowed to fight terrorists. but terror attacks have occurred even among government supporters. some questions the government's ability to maintain peace. he says because the chaos heavily damaged the tourism industry. he founded a sports gym and he held out hope things would be better under the current regime. but late last month, another terror attack took place, killing ten people. >> translator: i am full of disappointment. now everyone thinks it ll take a long time for the country to stabilize.
>> reporter: the people who fought for democracy and those who back the return of military leadership must now fear uncertainty about the future. the head of the u.s. federal reserve has given a downbeat assessment of the global economy. janet yellen said china's economic slowdown, as well as declines in crude oil and stock prices, makes the future uncertain. >> foreign economic developments in particular pose risks to u.s. economic growth. these developments, if they prove persistent, could weigh on the outlook for economic activity in the labor market. >> yellen said fed policymakers will review the interest rate policy if necessary. she said they'll regularly reassess what federal funds rate
is necessary to hit and maintain full employment and 2% inflation. yellen said the fed believes economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the rate. fed policymakers will discuss whether to raise the rate's target range at their next meeting, scheduled for mid-march. yellen's remarks sent the yen soaring against the dollar. it touched the 110 yen range in london for the first time in 15 months. investors worried about the u.s. and global economies are turning to the yen as a relatively safe asset. stock markets closed lower across asia. in hong kong the benchmark hang seng index was down 3.8%. south korea's key index fell 2.9%. singapore's fell 1.7%. one of japan's biggest drink companies said it's acquired the rights to buy some
major european beer brands in a deal worth nearly $3 billion. asahi group holdings has been looking for ways to expand its business overseas. asahi said it's made a final binding offer to buy brands including peroni, grolsch, opened by anheuser-busch, the world's largest brewing company. the deal is contingent on merging with its biggest competitor, britain's sab miller. the two companies reached agreement to do that last year, and they're looking to sell off brands to ease concerns of regulators. asahi has been slow to expand. overseas sales account for just 14% of its revenue. u.s. transport authorities have made a decision which could pave the way for cars that until now have been the stuff of science fiction. the ange could see google's lf-drivi system the driver the u. nationahighway traffic fety admistratio notifi the i.tgiant ofhe detas. if auman occant can' erate thvehicle,he drive
could be consired not o but whatever is drivin liforniaroposed aft rule last dember. they say all self-driving ca need to ve a steing whee and a licensed driver. china's economy relies heavily on migrant workers. many bring their children with them. urban areas are now temporary homes for more than 40 million of these uprooted kids. many can't attend regular schools and as nhk world explains, that's leading some to get involved in destructive behavior. >> reporter: this video from the web shows young men ganging up on a boy. three of the attackers are children of migrant workers. officials say more than half the crimes committed by minors today involve these kids.
migrant worker communities can be found in cities across china. many migrant children cannot attend regular schools due to registration and other problems. so some go to processes the authorities don't recognize. the classrooms are frequently scenes of fighting and bullying. >> translator: many kids spend the first half of the school year here and the latter half in another school. frequent relocations make the children extremely unstable and emotionally upset. >> reporter: once a child has been barred from other schools for being a troublemaker.
>> translator: i beat up anyone who makes fun of me. >> reporter: the boy lives with his brother and cousin. this man lost his wife five years ago in an accident. the family moved to china afterward. when the boys are not at school, they are left by themselves. wang works as a part-time porter at the local market earning less than $400 a month. >> translator: my job barely supports our family. i have no time to spend with my sons. >> reporter: today the city has been celebrating a festival. and the boys haven't returned home.
the father searches around town but comes up empty-handed. >> translator: above all i'm worried about my sons' future. they don't listen to what adults tell them. they have no discipline. i'm responsible for all this as their father. >> reporter: experts say there are reasons to be concerned.
. >> translator: these children often end up becoming destructive to others. rather than contributing to society. >> reporter: migrant workers play a key role in chinese industry. yet in many cases their children exist on the fringes of society. unless people bring these kids into the fold, china will pay a heavy price. the japanese world of sumo wrestling is deeply traditional and difficult to enter. that's why dozens of schoolchildren were lucky to join an international tournament for kids. the contest was hosted by sumo wrestler hakuho.
>> reporter: i'm in the center of sumo universe. today it's not the professional rikishi taking center stage, rather, it's the children from different parts of the world. 30 children from mongolia, china, south korea, and the u.s. faced off at the hakuho cup. many young japanese joined as well. anyone with an interest in sumo can participate. even if they are new to the sport. many professional rikishi or recess wear wrestlers joined in too. they gave tips and refereed the matches. it was a rare opportunity for the children to see their heroes outside the ground tournament. >> translator: seeing so many professional rikishi really motivated me. >> translator: this is my first time to participate in this tournament. i got nervous and lost my match. but it was fun. >> reporter: the annual event was founded five years ago by yokozuna grand champion hakuho.
a couple of days ahead of the contest hakuho invited six young americans to his training stable. the boys have been training intensively in the u.s. for the past two months. while they enjoy sumo this will be the first tournament they fight in. >> translator: not too long ago we were struggling to boost the popularity of sumo. even after the 2011 disaster we were able to continue holding grand tournaments. that's when i began to really appreciate being able to do sumo. i founded this tournament as a way to show my gratitude for the sport. >> translator: in sumo your right leg and right hand must move forward at the same time. doing this enables you to push your opponent with more force. >> reporter: the grand champion teaches the youngsters some of the basic moves he learned when he first turned pro.
>> he's way bigger than me. he's hard to push. >> translator: i learned, you know, all the different techniques and styles of sumo and how you can use it in the ring and how you can win the fight.of sumo and how you can u in the ring and how you can win the fight. >> how many people get to do this? >> reporter: after training the children were treated to a special meal. professional rikishi eat this hot pot daily to bulk up and get stronger. it's team usa's time to compete. let's see how they do. all right, here we go. the usa team captain will tucker versus a japanese here. he beats his opponent with a nice spin move. the american boys did their best, but advanced only to the second round in the individual and team events.
the team event title was taken by the mongolians for the first time. >> before, i thought sumo, you can only be good at if you were big. but now that i've seen other sumo wrestlers wrestle, it's taught me that any size can win. >> translator: sumo is about more than winning and losing. these children come from all over the world. if they can learn about japan and its culture during their stay and grow up to build some bridges between their countries in and japan, you can call this event a success. >> reporter: hakuho hopes by spreading sumo culture overseas, more children from around the world will come to appreciate the sport and even aim at becoming professional rikishi in japan. hiro morita, k world.
it's time now for the world weather with meteorologist sayaka mori. people in tokyo enjoyed the national holiday under sunny skies. will the nice weather continue? >> tomorrow is going to be even warmer. we're going to be feeling march-like conditions as we go into tomorrow. right now a high pressure system is covering much of japan, bringing clear conditions, even northwestern japan is seeing sunny conditions and snow is not falling. precipitation-free across many parts of japan. things will get wet across the west. there is a low pressure system coming into the korean peninsula. so we'll likely see an additional 80 millimeters of rainfall in just 24 hours, four times more than the monthly rainfall for february, and north korea may see up to 10 centimeters of snowfall. this will more likely affect japan as we go into the weekd. 's going to be very wet and it's going to be windy during
the weekend. a high pressure system is causing lots of warm air from the south. it has been very warm across parts of japan and across the south of china, the korean peninsula, and warm weather will likely affect the northern portions of japan into the weekend. so during the weekend, sapporo will see rainy weather instead of snow. and as for tokyo, 20 degrees expected over the weekend. that's 10 degrees higher than normal. that's more like late april, actually. shanghai over 10 degrees higher than normal on your friday. taipei about 5 degrees higher than normal as we go into the weekend. let's look forward to that. across hawaii, there's a giant low pressure system over the north. and this is sending large and dangerouwellsoss nor the nor and west coast of hawaii. waves could hit up to 14 meter into trsday moing acro t rthwest coastf t hawaiian islands. wednesd a bigur of eve
surfing event was scheduled. because the height of waves didn't fit the criteria of event it was canceled but waves will remain quite high into tomorrow morning. temperatures across hawaii and honolulu will see quite high temperatures as we go into the weekend. 28 degrees for the high on friday as well as saturday. it has been very chilly at night butinally things will be warming up so that's good news. let's goo north america. record high temperatures were set in los angeles and suounding areas this week. however, the northern areas, rainy weather for you across the pacific northwest. and 180 millimeters of rain could fall for the next three days or so. watch out for flooding. and then another big story is extremely low temperatures. that is expected into the weekend across the eastern united states as well as eastern canada. we are expecting very, very low temperatures into the weekend. minus 14 degrees for the morning low in toronto on your thursday.
even going down to negative 23 degrees during the weekend. frostbite could happen in a matter of minutes so cover your skin. chicago, minus 15 for the morning low on your saturday. and new york city, you could feel like minus 20 degrees or so due to strong winds. so please watch out for the extremely low temperatures. now, to avoid hypothermia, hats and gloves, you may want to wear this stuff. don't forget your pets. move pets inside and have extra food and water in case of emergency. all right, here your extended forecast.
now the calendar may say it's mid-winter but in one famous garden in osaka prefecture, spring is in full swing. the plum trees at the something like that are blooming much earlier than usual. the garden boasts 800 plum trees in about 80 varieties. the earlies bloomers began showing their colors about a month ahead of schedule this year. the kagoshima variety is already peaking and giving the garden a deep pink hue. >> translator: some of the trues are in full bloom and other will blossom soon. so i think we can enjoy them for a long time. >> the plum blossom viewing season at the shrine is expected to last until mid-march.
that wraps up this edition of "newsline." we'll be back with more news at the top of the hour. i'm kanako sachno in tokyo. thanks very much for joining us;
LINKTV February 11, 2016 5:00am-5:31am PST
China 7, North Korea 6, Yellen 4, Tokyo 3, Hawaii 3, Hakuho 3, Nigeria 2, Newsline 2, Koreans 2, South Korea 2, Korean Peninsula 2, Kanako Sachno 2, Chilly 1, Porter 1, Kagoshima 1, Trsday Moing Acro T Rthwest Coastf 1, Shihata 1, Boko Haram 1, Korea 1, U.n. 1
Channel v27


text:
Trapped in Wonderland
Dani Hoots
Paperback (11/11/2016)
Never did Meredith "Alice" Hughes expect to stumble upon a portal to another world in some boy's locker, and that portal leading to Wonderland. After something shoves her through, she runs into her classmates and discovers that they are characters from Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". They make her forget everything she saw, but that doesn't mean she is out of trouble yet. The White Rabbit has other plans for her as he sneaks into her hometown of Salem, Oregon and tries to kill her before she can stop the evil taking over Wonderland.
But just before he succeeds, the Cheshire Cat saves her and takes her back to Wonderland.
Except now she is stuck in the fantasy world and has to fight the Cirque de R ves, a group led by Morpheus that is trying to take over Wonderland. However, it's not just Wonderland that is in trouble, but also the people in her world as each citizen in Wonderland represents a human's dream. Can Alice overcome her fears and insecurities to defeat Morpheus? Or will he be able to lock her away in darkness forever?
Foxtales Press, 9781942023906, 286pp.


text: Q: Why is it acceptable to say "I've got the flu" but not "I've got the covid" I realize that some people say "the covid" ("Did you get the covid?") but it generally sounds uneducated to my ear. But I can't figure out why.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Noble Numismatics Pty Ltd > Auction 130 Auction date: 26 July 2022
Price realized: 90 AUD (Approx. 63 USD / 62 EUR) Note: Prices do not include buyer's fees.
Sydney Cricket Ground, 1909-10, member's badge in voided gilt and enamel (20x27.5mm), by Amor, ring top suspension, reverse impressed, '174', and inscribed, 'E.A.Russell.'. Very fine.
Estimate: 90 AUD
Price realized: 190 AUD (Approx. 132 USD / 130 EUR) Note: Prices do not include buyer's fees.
Sydney Cricket Ground, 1901-2, member's badge in gilt and enamel (27x27mm), no maker, ring top suspension, reverse impressed, '111' and inscribed, 'W.J Dunn'. Good very fine.
Sydney Cricket Ground, 1902-3, member's badge in gilt and enamel (27x27mm), no maker, ring top suspension with stick-pin, reverse impressed, '1414' and inscribed, 'A.J.Noyes.'. Very fine.
Royal Agric(ultural) Soc(iety) N.S.W., 1936, Member badge in voided gilt and enamel (23x31mm), by J.M.Dempster, ring top suspension, reverse numbered 4798; West Wyalong P.A.H & I. Asscn. (Pastoral, Agricultural, Horticultural & Industrial Association), Life Member badge in gilt and enamel (29.5x24.5mm), by Angus & Coote Ld, scroll and ring top suspension, reverse numbered 161. Very fine. (2)
SAR (South Australian Railways) Ambulance Corps, Morphett, prize medal in silver and enamel (33.5x37mm), no maker, ring top suspension, reverse inscribed, 'Junior Squad/Second Prize/1948/B.G.B.Morphett'. Extremely fine.
This medal was awarded for the 32nd Annual Ambulance Competitions held by the South Australian Railways on 21 October 1948 at Verdun in the Adelaide Hills. A special train took guests, officials and competitors to the competition grounds. The Junior Squad event was won by Karoonda with Islington coming second, one point behind. B.G.B.Morphett was a member of the Islington Squad.
Price realized: 120 AUD (Approx. 83 USD / 82 EUR) Note: Prices do not include buyer's fees.
Ballarat Electric Trams, 1906, members pass, in bronze (21mm) voided with ring top suspension, impressed on reverse 'A.J.Pittard Ballarat East'. Very fine.
Alfred James Pittard, businessman, politician, municipal councillor was born in Ballarat West on 3 August 1868. The son of a shoemaker he left school at 12 years old to work for a plumber in Geelong. He returned to Ballarat in 1891 to work in his father's shoe shop later taking control of the business. Pittard was elected to the town council at Ballarat East in 1908 and was mayor 1913-14 and 1920-21. After another term as mayor in 1926 he retired from council but continued to serve on the Ballarat Water Commission and Sewerage Authority. He served as chairman of the latter 1934-50 and as chairman of the Provincial Sewerage Authorities Association 1944-1949. Pittard was also the local member of the Legislative Council from 1931 to 1949. He died in May 1950 and was buried in Ballarat.
Estimate: 180 AUD


Age UK Notts is the largest independent local charity providing direct services and support for older people from all communities and backgrounds across Nottingham & Nottinghamshire.
You can access a range of flexible support tailored to your individual needs and circumstances. All our staff and volunteers are fully vetted, insured and CRB (police) checked. Our services are independent, impartial and confidential.
Many of our services are provided free of charge. Where we do make a charge we may be able to assist you to access funding from your local authority.


text:
#CU Pros
Stats & Media Resources
Clemson Men's Soccer
Georgia State Upsets Clemson
CLEMSON, SC – Brian Mitchell and Arash Derakhshan both scored a goal each in leading Georgia State to a 2-1 upset win over 12th-ranked Clemson at Riggs Field Wednesday night.
Georgia State is now 1-0, while Clemson falls to 1-2 this season. Clemson was ranked 16th by Soccer America and 12th by Soccertimes.com. Georgia State scored both goals in the first half. Brian Mitchell scored at the 18:31 mark with an assist by Jonathan Scraggs. Arash Derakhshan scored an unassisted goal at the 26:43 mark to give the Panthers a 2-0 advantage.
Clemson scored on a penalty kick early in the second half at the 46:23 point. Ross Goodacre scored the penalty kick for his first goal of the season.
Clemson will play in the Furman Invitational this weekend in Greenville, SC. The Tigers will play Florida International at 5:00 p.m. on Friday, September 7. On Sunday, September 9, Clemson will play Notre Dame at 12:30 p.m.
Georgia State 2, Clemson 1 Georgia State-Brian Mitchell (Jonathan Scraggs) 18:31 Georgia State-Arash Derakhshan (Unassisted) 26:43 Clemson-Ross Goodacre (Penalty Kick) 46:23
Shots: Clemson 28, Georgia State 8 Corner Kicks: Clemson 15, Georgia State 1 Saves: Martin Hutton (CU) 3, Will Chaple (GS) 12 Fouls: Clemson 11, Georgia State 11 Attendance: 974
Men's Soccer National Championship Parade Operational Details
Clemson Has School-Record Six Players Drafted
Ågren Finishes a Finalist for MAC Hermann Trophy
Ågren to Attend MAC Hermann Trophy Banquet as Finalist


I purchased this little beauty at our local Antique Dealer, Antiques on 48.
Isn't she cute! She's going to be Stunning! Can't you just hear Bruno from Dancing with the Stars ... Stunning! Actually she has the Leg of a dancer, too bad she only has one.
I broke out the van Gogh Chalk Paint in Chivalry, Chalk and Mama's Boy.
Here is the drawer painted with Chivalry and Mama's Boy on the inside for a little POP of colour.
I painted the drawer on our kitchen island while listening to Sophia Lauren and Cary Grant in the movie Houseboat, every once and a while I would watch a little of it.
Here she is painted and the base and apron have been distressed, she's smooth as buttah!
Oh btw, every time I work on this table I think of Sophia Lauren so I'm calling her Sophia.
I designed a french graphic using my Silhouette Design software, then cut it in vinyl using my Silhouette Cameo.
Here is the top of the table prior to distressing with the graphic painted in Mascara and Chivalry.
I added a silver glaze (moon glaze) to the base and Apron to give it a luminous glow.
This glaze is part of the soon to be released van Gogh furniture make-up.
Here she is all finished, I'd like to introduce Miss Sophia!
I'd like to thank my studio assistant for being a good girl and not coming into the studio until Miss Sophia was complete.
Cookies for Miss Molly Brown!
Great job... love it. I love the graphics on pieces... adds a bit of interest to it.
I love the table but the stencil is so beautiful. Nice job!
You asked about the counter over my washer and dryer and currently it does just sit over the machines. It's on the honey do list to add supports panels on either side but there are always larger projects on the go, you know how it is. It still functions great as a folding area.
A little belated but I wanted to wish you a truly wonderful holiday season (what is left of it) and I'm hoping you have a fabulous New Year!
Hello, i thinκ that i sаw уou vіѕitеԁ my web ѕіte thus i came to "return the favoг".


text:
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Teghadez Agadez
Director Morgane Wirtz 2019 Duration 52Min Country Belgium
Main content area - Film
Belgian Competition Belgian Cinema 60 years of African independence
CINEMA AVENTURE21.10 / 19:30
European Premiere
Sypnosis:
For twenty years, André earned his living by organizing the transport of migrants between Agadez, Niger and Sabha, Libya. For him, as for a large part of the population of Agadez, crossing the Sahara was a key sector of the economy. But since 2016, and with the financial support of the European Union, Niger has introduced a law punishing any economic activity linked to illegal migration. Since then, André has been fighting to continue working illegally, with all the excesses that this implies. We follow him through the streets of Agadez and meet Fifty, Boubacar, Mudatheir and Myriam, four people who, for a variety of reasons, have decided to leave their country in search of a better life. Their journey is strewn with pitfalls, detours and moments of waiting. Boubacar, Fifty and Mudatheir all fled Libya after being imprisoned, tortured and sold as slaves. Myriam, who comes from Nigeria, did not want to take this risk and preferred to stop for a while in Agadez, before returning to Lagos. It was prostitution that enabled her to put aside enough money to not go back empty-handed.
I came to Agadez of my own free will. What justifies that those who have a Schengen passport can move more freely than others?
Screening followed by a discussion and Q&A (20min):
Speakers: Morgane Wirtz (director)
Movie language: French, English
Subtitle language(s): French
Morgane Wirtz is a Belgian freelance journalist who works mainly in West Africa and the Maghreb. It was during her studies at the IHECS, in Brussels, that she was introduced to video. In 2013, she directed "De la fève aux pépites" with Boris Fronteddu and Ian Depauw. In 2017, Morgane moved to Agadez, in the north of Niger, where she covered the migration situation for different media. She stayed there for two years and directed her first feature film, Teghadez Agadez. Morgane now lives in Tunis and continues to work on the migration situation.
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Are you thinking about getting wood flooring installed in a new home or upgrading your existing flooring material to wood? If so, it is wise to understand how to take care of this beautiful flooring option because it requires specialized care. The care requirements should not deter you because wood is a durable material. It may last 100 years or more when properly cared for. The following points will help you better understand how to care for wood flooring.
Some types of wood flooring materials can fade when they are exposed to sunlight, and some are also at risk for fading when they are exposed to indoor lighting that is too bright. You can reduce the chances of your wood flooring fading by asking a flooring supplier or installer about whether or not the type of wood you are interested in is photosensitive. If it is, and you favor the wood based on its aesthetics, ensure that you install sun-blocking drapes. You also need to aim to use lights that are less bright in rooms where the flooring is used or choose a light fixture with dimming effects.
Excess humidity can cause wood floorboards to separate. The gaps that are formed are unsightly, and they may also impact energy efficiency. Protecting your flooring against humidity before it is damaged is the best option. You can attempt to control humidity by installing a dehumidifier, which will help with indoor humidity issues.
A protective finish will likely be applied to your wood flooring materials. Finishes are good defenses against the abuse that floors are exposed to, but eventually the integrity of the finishes might be compromised in certain areas. For example, the flooring finish in high-traffic areas may eventually look more worn than other areas. You can protect the finish in high-traffic areas by using rugs. You may also want to implement a home routine that requires your family to remove their shoes indoors.
Refinishing wood floors is a task that you need to expect at some point in the future. Exposed wood areas and fading are examples of signs that refinishing is needed. If you ignore signs that refinishing is needed, your wood floor might become severely damaged.
A flooring professional or supplier are the best resources to use to determine whether or not wood flooring is ideal for your home and lifestyle. You may find that a combination of different flooring materials throughout your home is the best option. For example, you might want to choose linoleum or simulated wood in kitchen and bathroom areas that are moisture prone and choose wood flooring for other areas of your home.


'Barfi' in all its glory looks like a tribute to the famous tramp whom we all know as Charlie Chaplin. The man who set the definition of 'comedy'. With the antics of Ranbir Kapoor's character Chaplinisque, I am sure the audience will be keen to see the whole film when it releases.
After making the disastrous kati patang 'Kites' starring Hrithik Roshan and Barbara Mori, Anurag Basu looks like he's having a winner on his hand with 'Barfi'. A sumptuous and sweet offering for the audience to make up for the lost kati patang.
Illeana D'cruz who makes her debut with this film looks promising though one can't really gauge her full potential with this trailer. However, her presence is not lost in the midst of two lead and acclaimed actors of Bollywood.
Priyanka Chopra no doubt is going to make her mark once again with her innocent smiles and her role of an autistic girl. She looks charming despite playing a mentally challenged character in the film.
Ranbir Kapoor who reinvented himself in the critically and commercially acclaimed 'Rockstar' will be the man to watch out for in 'Barfi'. Here he plays a deaf and mute character and it's good to see the sizzling chemistry between the three lead characters.
Visually, the film looks stunning and the Director with its DOP Ravi Varma has beautifully captured the finer nuances of the films including all those small gestures of those characters.
The story or what we can make out from this trailer looks refreshingly 'different' and entertaining and am seriously hoping it doesn't follow the Kamal Hassan and Sri Devi starrer 'Sadma' path with a poignant ending. Or for that matter the 'Koshish's (Sanjeev Kumar/Jaya Bhaduri starrer) footstep.
It's now wait and watch for the film to release. Will it be Ranbir's show all the way? Will it be Priyanka's prowess? Or will it be the south import Illeana who'll make the most of the sweet offering 'Barfi'?
'Son of Sardar' looks like a promising film. Ajay Devgn whose last few films have been more or less action oriented films with a dose of comedy is once again in the same saddle with 'Son of Sardar' co-starring Sonakshi Sinha and Sanjay Dutt.
The action sequences by Action Master Jai Singh Nijjar looks fresh in some parts while the story appears run-of-the-mill. But then in an out-and-out action comedy, who really gives a damn about the story. Ajay Devgn sticks to his comic facial expressions that was abundantly seen in films like the 'Golmaal' series and the recent 'Bol Bachchan'. Dialogues seems good though it has borrowed heavily from real life scenerios related to the Sardars. It's now upto the Sardars to take it in a light view. Frankly, I am sure they'll consider this film an answer to the jokes based on them. Sardars no doubt are the epitome of good natured people who don't mind having a laugh at themselves.


No one knows what to do with this stock??? It is up from Trump!!!. on November 14, 2016 Tesla sock was selling at 178.19. I had sold all my stock on November 9, the day after at 190,,,,,,I bought most back at 184 in the next few days so I was good. Now the stock hit 305 yesterday. Believe me I have a lot of experience in trading stocks and I have no idea where TSLA will go from here, but I have said, in 5 years we will know.
I have to talk aabout Glenn tonight, he just passed away. I met Glenn the first time I went to Modesto. In early 1973, the first time I remeber being there. Glenn was with betsy, I believe then and they parted soon after that, serriously I am trying to remeber everything. Glenn was talking all the time that evening and I liked him rightaway BUT then said let's go of shooting, I think he said, but definately riht after that Glenn was with Pat's Father Joe who was in the Second world war. Joe seemed to enjoy or escurrion out in his 40 acre vineyard (Joe sold to Gallo. he wa the one to save me when I came here in 1979), so yes Joe liked us going off for a walk. Pat and I were trialing and imediately heard shots by Glenn off the the right ad then to the left, I was a pacificist then after the Vietlam War, especialy after Robert Kennedy died.