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Is fashion a code, a message, sumptuarism or a protocol? What is the difference between costume, dress and fashion? These are some of the questions we investigate within Fashion Studies at Stockholm University.
Writers have speculated upon dress since the ancient world. Tacitus in Germania, for example, suggested that the German tribes used costume to differentiate social class. But it would be foolhardy to suggest that Tacitus' focus as a writer was fashion.
Individual Explanations or a Broader Understanding? Costume books have existed since the Renaissance; the Enlightenment published numerous texts that attempted to explain the derivation of costume details in every field from wigs to cod-pieces, and the nineteenth-century produced ambitious compendia of costume conducted as a branch of antiquarianism. Such works tended to focus upon individual explanations for wildly different items of clothing and they were not systematic attempts to synthesise dress and costume scholarship with broader understandings of history or social forms.
From Hain, Bogatyrev and Bakhtin This endeavour probably began with the publications of Matilda Hain (a dissertation written under the linguist J. Schwietering) and Petr Bogatyrev, a member of the Prague Linguistic Circle. Bogatyrev criticised existing costume studies and interrogated the existing body of ethnographic research in order to develop abstractions.
The great twentieth-century cultural history scholars including Johan Huizinga, Fernand Braudel and Mikhail Bakhtin investigated fashion and dress as a structuring social practice, although they wrote against a backdrop of inadequate scientific understandings of the economics and the aesthetics of dress. Economic history from the post-war period also argued that fashion, and the textiles that make fashions possible, represent an under-studied aspect of both important cultural endeavour and enormous financial investment from both family units and states.
New Histories In the 1960s the art historical communities recognised the study of dress, costume and fashion as necessary tools for the understanding of visual culture and as a subject in its own right. The Women's Studies and 'Victorian' studies of the 1970s and early 1980s probably represent the point at which an identifiable fashion studies emerged, although semioticians such as Roland Barthes had produced significant studies of fashion as popular culture as early as the 1950s.
Fashion in the University Some of the first independent courses in the field of fashion studies within an under-graduate Humanities Faculty were conducted in Australia from c1980-2007, by British-trained academics, Assoc. Professor Margaret Maynard (The University of Queensland), and Dr Michael Carter (The University of Sydney), both now retired.
The work of gender-studies scholars, which was particularly strong in the North American, British and Australian universities in the 1980s and 1990s, also coincided with the growth of the tertiary design sector in the UK. Students and staff required sophisticated ways of reading everyday life as well as understanding the fashion design practices that they were teaching and studying themselves. It is for this reason that many of the current fashion studies programs take place within the context of the British art and design school sector, and in North America, within schools of design, marketing and apparel.
Producing Fashion The French and the Italians are notable for their sophisticated historical analyses of the economics of fashion production and the socio-cultural meanings of fashions that can be extrapolated from inventories, wills and other archival documents. This approach is exemplified in the work of Professor Daniel Roche.
Businesses such as accessory and shoe-manufacturers sponsor some fashion studies research in Italy. Parts of that research takes place within the context of the investigation of business practices such as the invention of the post-war concept 'Made in Italy'. There are centres or courses for the academic study of fashion at Bari, Milan, Padua and Rimini.
Philosophy and Fashion The German and Russian universities produce important scholarship from fields including Philosophy and Comparative Literature whose outcomes include research on the relationship of fashion to modern and post-modern thought and the history of ideas. Japanese scholarship on fashion often takes place within the history of cultural forms and urban life. All of the European and many Asian countries have traditions of fashion research conducted within the museum sector, with colloquia at events such as ICOM (International Council of Museums). Such study generally engages with the artefact.
Theatre and Performance in North America and the UK In North America and the UK, literary theory, theatre and performance studies have yielded influential models of reading fashion as a cultural practice and as an embodied experience. Significant research about fashion also takes place around the world within sociology, urban geography, material culture, theories of memory, and labour history.
Underlying much contemporary scholarship about fashion is feminist theory and spectator theory (film theory) and psycho-analytic perspectives, one of the strengths of Fashion Studies at Stockholm University. Fashion Studies, then, is ideally placed to improve public debate within the context of the enormous popular media interest in dress, lifestyle and fashion.
Text by Professor Peter McNeil.
Elizabeth Castaldo Lundén Assistant Professor
Klas Nyberg Professor
Marie Tengroth Ulväng Senior Lecturer
Paula von Wachenfeldt Associate Professor
Louise Wallenberg Professor
Jessica Conrah PhD Student
Hanne Eide PhD Student
Chiara Faggella PhD Student
Anna Hanchett PhD Student
Michelle Labrague PhD Student
Sofia Papakonstantinou PhD Student
Paulina Rydén PhD Student
Nefeli Theiakou PhD Student
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Tag: Points of Departure
Points of Departure, Chapter 31
1 May 2017 30 April 2017 geoffreybelliottLeave a comment
Continued from the previous chapter, here, and with apologies for the delay.
𝔗he mail-clad man looked agog at the green-clad man he followed. "This cannot be the same place we left," he said, "for the very air is different, and none of the people are the same. The ground has changed, as well, for I saw no stone roads where we trod before, and I stand on such a one now–yet how could one have been laid so quickly?"
"How, indeed?" replied the green-clad man. "Yet I said this is the glory of the place, and would you say that what you saw is the glory of any place? And if it were, how sad must such a place be, that such gloom and ruin would be its height?"
The mail-clad man considered what it was the green-clad man had said, and he shrugged, for he could find no response thereto. And then the green-clad man bade him follow, so he did, and they walked out among the stone-paved streets and the strange-speaking people. The mail-clad man watched them as they went, and he noted that they watched him in turn, their faces betraying surprise at his appearance and wariness of the sword on whose hilt he still rested a hand. But they did speak to the green-clad man, and he answered them in the same tongue, speaking as fluently in it as in the knight's own or the speech of those in the forest before.
Their talks seemed friendly enough, if tone and gesture were any indication, but the mail-clad man knew he did not know the words. He did, however, mark the gestures made toward him, and he thought the green-clad man might be excusing his presence in a part of Anderitum that he still did not think could be. And he was concerned that his presence needed to be excused, that he might well not be welcome in the place where he found himself–and that he knew of no way to make himself seem such. So he did what he thought was best; he remained silent, and he strove to place upon his face a pleasant expression, and he took his hand away from the hilt of his sword. And he noted that when he did, he still attracted attention, for the way in which he was dressed was unlike that in which those he passed were, and that which is unalike always draws the eye, but the eyes he saw turned towards him were far less wary than they had been before.
As the green-clad man proceeded, the knight looked about, and he saw strong stone buildings surrounding wide stone-paved roads and green plazas, rising high above the height of a tall mounted man riding a taller horse. The courses of stone were even and true, and there was but little mortar between them–and the roofs of the buildings were of tile that seemed almost to glow in the sun. It seemed a place of peace and plenty that he walked through as he followed the green-clad man, and he asked him what sort of people were they who could build such things as they saw. And the green-clad man answered that they were the people from whom he was come, people who had long lived in such places but who only rarely did anymore–although they might well again, did the mail-clad man help him.
"Is that the task for which I am charged to aid you, then? The restoration of your people?" asked the mail-clad man, and the green-clad man he followed nodded his head in answer. "Then I am glad to do it," the knight added, and he looked about at the kinds of things he would be working to preserve. And there seemed to him to be much beauty about him, and many people who seemed folk of peace and prosperity, and he marveled that they would be so hidden and would be so rare, for it seemed to him that such folk should have no difficulty in maintaining themselves. He asked then of the green-clad man what cause required such restoration, and the green-clad man said in reply that he would answer more fully when they were come to a particular place in the town, towards which he directed them as they walked, for some matters were not fit for discussion under the open sky in the light of the day. And the mail-clad man accepted the answer, although he was not glad of it, for it seemed to him that such matters could not be to the good.
Yet he followed through the fair and open streets until he and the green-clad man he followed came to another door, one with strange symbols upon it, and the green-clad man said "This is where we would be, and when we are within and rested as we ought to be, I will say to you what needs to be said, that you may be the better able to help me in that which I must do to restore my people to what you see from what you have seen. For we are yet in Anderitum, even though it seemed to you to be as it seemed to you, full of filth and squalor and small minds that barely understand what they have seen."
He opened the door and motioned the mail-clad man inside, and the latter saw that the place they entered was like that they had entered in the Anderitum he had known before, furnished and decorated in the same wise, and with servants clad in green tending to matters as they might be expected to do. And they greeted the green-clad man with words that sounded happy, although they were in the same strange tongue that the rest of the fair town had spoken, so that the mail-clad man did not understand them. But the green-clad man guided him to a room and had him seat himself, and when he had also sat, he said "I will say to you now what must be said, and once, so that you know the enterprise wherein you find yourself and what will need to be done if I cannot do it. For the task has fallen to me, and while I know I can do it, I do not know that I can get to where I need to be to make it happen. And for that, then, you are obliged to me. So listen well, for I have only once the power to say such things as you will hear."
Alms for the poor? Please click here.
More About Points of Departure (and Other Shenanigans)
25 April 2017 geoffreybelliottLeave a comment
I got a series of calls last night and this morning telling me that my bank accounts had been compromised. I've been struggling to get all of that untangled–in addition to working on the paying jobs. I'm not done with the untangling, in fact, and I'm not at all sure I can get it handled and still have time to write along with the other stuff I have to do. So the next chapter'll be pushed back a bit more.
Sorry, folks. Life happens sometimes, even to me.
24 April 2017 23 April 2017 geoffreybelliott1 Comment
Continued from the previous chapter, here.
𝔗he green-clad man and the mail-clad man who followed him proceeded into Anderitum. There were people on the streets, about such business as they had, and there seemed to be much in the way of trade going on. Indeed, the mail-clad man heard voices speaking in other languages than his own, and while he had heard some of them before, others were entirely alien to him. Some seemed almost as if he was hearing his own tongue spoken as if with full mouth and broken teeth; others were utterly alien in sound to his ears, as if spoken by tongues inhuman. And there were strange smells, as well, obviously food, but cooked in ways and with spices that surpassed the knight's ken, and he regretted for a moment that he was still amid his penitence–but he remembered that he had it not for much longer, and the food bespoken by such smells would still be there for him when he could partake of it.
The green-clad man, however, rode on, seemingly oblivious to all that went on around him. As more streets began to branch off of the main road in from the gate, he made his way down one, then another, turning seemingly at random but with full deliberation–and the mail-clad man followed him closely, and his hand moved towards one of the knives he carried as the streets narrowed upon them and the buildings rose above. As in the forest days–weeks, now–before, he thought him it would be a good place for ambuscade, and he knew he could not count on the aid of the town watch if matters went badly, for the incident at the gate would surely receive much comment, and it is not to be wondered at that one who makes fools of fellows will not find aid from them.
At length, the green-clad man came to what seemed the back of a stone building, in the midst of which was a door. He dismounted, and from within his sleeve, he withdrew a key with intricate wards, and he inserted it into a lock that showed amid the door. It turned, and he opened the door, motioning the mail-clad man inside. The knight obliged, dismounting and leading his horse within; the green-clad man followed after, handing the reins of his horse to the knight as he closed and locked the door behind them. A moment later, torches flared to life, casting flickering flame-light all around, and the mail-clad man saw that he was amid a stable that was dusty with long disuse but seemed clean. He began to tend to his horse and the green-clad man's, but the man in green forbade him, saying that such matters would be tended to and bidding the knight follow him further–"But keep ready your sword. I know not if other parts of this house have been similarly kept free of others."
They proceeded inward, and the knight kept his hand on his sword, but he also noted that torches flared into life as they approached and died out as they passed, and the furnishings that he saw in room after room were of older sort, as were the pictures on the walls composed of small pieces of stone set into pleasing patterns or depictions of events whose content seemed familiar but that he could not place–for the most part. Some few depictions showed matters of which he was certain, for he recognized a paler green girdle on a knight who fought another and lost, and he knew who the woman was who was tide to a stake with torches approaching it. And he guessed that the other events depicted were of similar kind–but he said nothing, although he recalled what he had heard and had thoughts in that line about who it was whom he followed. Yet still did he know whither he was charged and whence, and he would not waver from it while his flesh held firm.
Room after room they searched, and in each, there was the dust of years of inattention–but in the dust were no footprints, either of people or of the small beasts that creep in when people are not about. No track of rat or of snake was to be found, no tracing of snail or slug or other such creature, simply dust deep and unbroken save for the paths their own feet made within it. And the green-clad man nodded, saying that things were as they ought to be, and that they would soon be put to rights. "For," he said, "I am come again into my own place, and it will remember me in time. But now, it will suffice to find food for ourselves and sleep, and we will not need our horses to do that. Nor will we leave through the door through which we entered–although others will not follow us thence.
"Come, now," he said, and the mail-clad man followed him through some of the same rooms and into still others, moving in ways that confused his senses until they came to another door that the green-clad man opened with another key. He motioned the mail-clad man out into an open street not like that from which they had entered, but again unlike the main road that had led from the gate through the wooden wall. Instead, he stood upon well-laid stone that had been clearly maintained, and while there was business about, it was of different sort than the knight had before seen in Anderitum. Too, the words he heard were familiar, but only from the mouths of priests as they spoke in the Church's tongue.
The mail-clad man looked at the green-clad man he followed and asked where they had gone. And the green-clad man replied that they were in Anderitum, as he had purposed to bring them, and as it stood in its glory. "For it is here, Sir Knight, that you will make a difference, perhaps," he said, "for it is here that my business lies–or its beginning does, as yet."
𝔗he two men, one clad in green so dark as to be nearly black, one clad in mail overlaid with a surcoat of the same green and embroidered with an escutcheon of gules, on a bend argent a baton gules wavy, approached the walls of Anderitum–or of the town that had grown up around it. A low berm rose half the height of a person above the marshy land, and a wooden wall of uneven height emerged from out of it, standing taller than a person ahorse. Platforms, marked by higher thrusts of timber, studded its inside, and a largish gate stood open to the road. A couple of guards, standing in mail and leaning on their spears, kept watch on the gate at the level of the road; at least two more, archers, stood above, likewise watching.
The two proceeded ahead towards the gate, noting that there was some traffic through it. Farmers and merchants drove carts through, more going in than coming out, and people afoot walked freely in both directions. Most received no more than a cursory glance, although some merchants did have to stop and talk for a bit, and the mail-clad man marked that some coin exchanged hands more than once. One poor merchant was turned away, and progress through the gate stopped as he turned his cart around, the donkey pulling it resisting being guided about, and his face was sullen as he passed by the green-clad man and his knight.
At length, the two travelers came to the gate themselves. The green-clad man walked his horse through the gate as if wholly unconcerned with the guards around him, but the mail-clad man could not help but look about at them, and one of those carrying a spear saw his glance and called out to him, saying "Look, you in the armor, hold on a bit! We will need to talk to you."
The mail-clad man stopped his horse and bent down in the saddle to hear, but the guard continued. "You're going to need to come down, man, and give account. You've got a guilty look about you, you do, and we don't need no guilty folk in this town. We've got enough problems as it is without more of them coming in through the gates."
At that, the green-clad man turned back and rejoined his follower. To the guard, he said "What's this about? Why do you feel the need to harass my man? What has he done that is so wrong that you would impede him? We are on urgent business, he and I, and we are not to be stopped by the likes of you!"
The attention of the archers was now fully on the two as the spear-bearing guard leveled his weapon at the green-clad man. "We guard the gate and guard the town, and if we think your man here looks guilty, then we will find out what it is that makes him so. And if he's your man, then maybe you're guilty, too, and we ought to stop you from heading on in and ruining what all we have."
The mail-clad man reached out and lifted the spear away from the green-clad man. He seemed to move with little effort, but the guard struggled with the shaft of the spear and grunted as he failed to resume his posture. The knight said "As you guard the gate, I guard this man. In guarding, I note where those who carry weapons are, because each of you is a potential threat to my charge–as you have said I am to you. Being a warrior, I know the truth of this, and I take no umbrage at it. But I do take umbrage that you will point your weapon at the one in my charge, and I will ask you not to do so again, on pain of your suffering." And he lifted his arm a bit, and the guard felt himself dragged up, pulled by the great strength of the mail-clad man exerted with seemingly little effort.
The guard let go of his spear suddenly, and he rocked a bit as he fell back onto his feet. He cried out, then, and the twang of bowstrings sang of arrows loosed. One, the mail-clad man caught in his other hand, stopping it scant inches from the green-clad man's face; the other struck the uplifted spear. The green-clad man said to the guard "Stop your fellows, or my man will have to stop you all."
Another twang sounded, and the mail-clad man whipped the spear about; two more arrows joined the first in its shaft, and the knight dropped it to reach for his sword. But the guard saw that they would not beat him in any fight that day, and he raised his hand and called out, and the archers relaxed their bows. And the green-clad man said "I am pleased to see that matters have resolved without incident. I trust that you are satisfied about my man and me, that he is no more guilty than I, and that I could not be so well defended were I laden with burdens. For I would hate to have to demonstrate matters more fully than has already been done."
The guard looked at the two, then back to the gate, where several stood and stared at what had happened, and he shook his head. "I see no problem with you, now. Move along, then, and be about your business quickly."
The green-clad man nodded and turned back towards the town. After a moment, seeing that the guards resumed their usual vigil and traffic began to flow again, the mail-clad man followed him. Houses and other buildings stood not far inside the wall, although there were fewer near it than further forward, where stone walls stood frowning. And as the knight drew abreast of his charge, he heard him to say "Welcome to Anderitum."
20 April 2017 19 April 2017 geoffreybelliottLeave a comment
𝔗he green-clad man and the mail-clad man who followed him camped near the swollen stream, off the road and above its level, and they waited for the waters to recede that had grown from the rains that had fallen not long before. That night, as had been true for most of the day, there was little speech between the two; they had not much to discuss at that point, in truth, or, at least, little enough that the man in green was willing to share with the knight who followed him. But the knight, at least, had somewhat to do, for there is always much with a man of arms that needs attention, and he had no squire for to do for him as he had done for Sir Erflet in years gone by.
Indeed, as he tended to his mail, carefully wiping it dry and oiling it once again, so that it might stay proof against blade and rust not more in the damp, he recalled doing so for himself and his old master while he was yet in his youth. Sir Erflet had had him doing such things long before letting him swing a blade even in practice, noting that the use of a thing meant the care of that thing, and that the care was what allowed the use to continue. So it was that the care was more important than the use, and so it had to be the thing known first and best. "For," he said, "what good is skill with a sword if there is no sword with which to ply that skill? And what sword will remain if not kept clean and sharp and oiled? Be sure of that before you will be sure of your blow, young one, and matters will be the better for you."
It was with glad heart, therefore, that the knight of gules, on a bend argent a baton gules wavy, did the many menial tasks of keeping up his arms and armor. He did not stint at oiling his mail, nor yet at honing the edges of his sword and his several knives–and he well knew the value of such blades, remembering as he put the stone to one of them that he had fought one fight in a noble hall that had been closely packed, with neither room to swing a sword nor armor on body. In that, the very knife whose edge he now tended had served him well, drinking deeply of the blood of those who would have slain him and opening enough of a path for him to find a better tactical position. And there was, too, the value of the blade in the hunt, as well as many times along the road for one task or another, the myriad things that must be done but receive no comment in song, for they are daily done and seen by all who can look and care to do so.
While the knight attended to the tools of his trade, the green-clad man tended the fire. It burned badly, for the rains had made the wood wet, and it smoked much, but it grew and gave heat and light. In its hazy flicker, the face of the green-clad man seemed strange, seeming at times to reflect the flames back again as if it were of flame itself, at others to drink in all the light as if it were a hole formed at the end of a stream. And all throughout did the green-clad man's eyes shine out, seeming brighter than the flame or even the stars that could be seen in the sky. Always did he stare towards Anderitum, across the swollen stream, and it seemed that he neither breathed nor blinked, but sat as a carved column of stone, rooted deeply and pointing the way to another destination.
The night passed with little ado, and in the morning, after the mail-clad man had risen and eaten and prayed, he and the green-clad man looked at the stream and was that it was much reduced, although still high and brown and full of debris. The green-clad man considered it a while, and he drew his horse back from the side of the stream, going off a ways. Then he charged toward it, galloping his steed as if tilting with a spear in hand, and the mail-clad man began to call out for him to stop, for he was certain that the one he followed would fling himself headfirst into water that could yet bear him far away. But the green-clad man leapt his horse, jumping the stream, and only its one back hoof touched the water, and that only briefly.
From across the stream, the green-clad man gestured, urging the knight to attempt the feat himself. For a moment, the mail-clad man demurred, for he knew himself of heavier build than the green-clad man, and his horse heavier than the other's horse, and it seemed to him that the one he followed had not made the jump with much room for error. But then he recalled words that had been spoken to him, words that reminded him the challenges placed before him were instead gifts to be accepted gladly, and he made his trial at the feat. He drew back further than had the green-clad man, running at the bank longer than his companion had, and he waited just a moment longer before jumping.
His landing was the same; the one back hoof of the horse he rode touched the water of the stream, and the horse bounded forward, getting clear of the still-swollen water. The green-clad man smiled as he did, and the two continued towards Anderitum in their increasingly familiar silence. Save for one thing that the green-clad man said:
"We should be there tomorrow, and what will be done will then be done soon. The waiting continues to annoy, but it is better to wait there than elsewhere–at least for this."
𝔗he next days went by slowly. Rain fell on the mail-clad man and the green-clad man he followed, obscuring sight and hindering progress along the road toward Anderitum. They plodded onward, of course, for though they could not see far ahead, they could see that the road continued at least a short way in front of them with every step, and the green-clad man seemed to have little enough patience with any delay anymore. And so through mud and mire, they pressed on, their horses' hooves sucking at every step as they picked their way carefully along, and they found no dry place to camp in the evening, but bivouacked under such trees as they could and did what little could be done to find a dry space under the boughs.
After a few days of rain, and a few more days of prayers and fasting for the mail-clad man, they came to a small village, and there they were able to stay with a roper who allowed them space under his roof in exchange for a coin, as well as food for another, and he did not disturb them as they rested and he went about his work of braiding together many strands into twine, then cords, then rope. The mail-clad man bought a coil from him, knowing that rope is a good thing to have at hand and knowing that his own supply was somewhat limited, but other than the speaking needed to transact their business, there were no words exchanged between the roper and his guests, or between the guests themselves. For the green-clad man sat and stared towards where their path led for long after they came into the roper's home, and still he stared when the knight finally fell asleep.
The next morning, the mail-clad man rose early and counted on his fingers for the days that he had spent in penitence, and he knew that he was drawing near to the end of it, and he was glad of it. But he spoke not words to that effect, but ate and prayed and readied himself for another day of wet travel. And when he made to gather his horse and that of the green-clad man, he saw that the rain had ceased, and though the road was still much muddied, he would at least be able to see some ways down it, and he looked forward to moving faster as a result. It seemed to him that the green-clad man did, as well, for there was something like a smile on his face as he mounted and they began again to travel.
As with earlier days, their going was quiet. There were few on the road as they rode along, so there was little chance to hear news from others, but the green-clad man did not speak much to the mail-clad who followed him. For his own part, the mail-clad man looked at the countryside surrounding him, for he had not been in that part of the land before, and the trees and flowers and fields seemed to him to differ from what he had known. And he recalled what his old master, Sir Erflet, had said to him of such matters:
"Not many will see what the knight-errant sees, my boy, for they will be in one place long and stir little from it. And while it is true that they will know well what they know, down to the smallest jot and tittle, still will they be bounded, never knowing the world outside what can be seen from their small village. You will learn, as I have learned, that there is glory everywhere, that there is beauty in all places in God's creation, if you but look at it aright. And you will learn, too, that some is easier to see than others, but it is for the challenge that the knight lives, and if there is a place that looks all foul to you, it is upon you to work to see what good is in it."
The mail-clad man knew that he was in a place where the challenge was not to find the good, for the green fields and blooming buds and ample leaves and burgeoning fruit of the trees all spoke of bounty and plenty, and the good of such things is easily known. Instead, he knew that the challenge he would find would be that of remaining vigilant amid the splendor, for it would be easy for him to lose his focus amid the beauty, and he recalled the fight in the woods, when he had been taken nearly at unawares–and if he had come out of that fight well, still could he have done the better in it, as he knew, and if no mark remained on his flesh from the wounds he took, still did he recall the pain of getting them, and few relish such hurt.
Soon enough, the two found that they could go no further towards Anderitum on the road. The green-clad man had stopped his horse, and when the mail-clad man came up alongside him, he said "This is normally a small stream, easily forded, but the rains of the past few days have swollen it. It would not be wise for us to try to cross here, but other crossing points are far enough away that it might be well for us to wait. The rain has ceased–for now, at least–and we may hope that the waters will recede soon. But I still chafe at the delay. Perhaps we ought not to have stayed for the festival as we did; had we not, we would have been well across by now, and possibly in Anderitum already."
The mail-clad man made reply, saying "It may be so, but it may also be that there will be a thing for us here and now. For I have heard such things said in many other cases, so it may well be true in this one."
𝔗he day after the fight dawned through rain, and it found the mail-clad man already having eaten and offered his prayer of penitence. It also found the green-clad man waiting for him outside the chamber that had been given to his use. After greeting him, the green-clad man said that it was time for them to make their way forward, now that the festival was done for which they had said they would stay. To this, the mail-clad man assented, knowing that overstaying a welcome is a poor thing to do and knowing that he was ready for the challenges that might face him and the green-clad man along the road. For his performance in the fight yesterday had emboldened him, as well it might, and he knew that even the most worshipful knights of days gone by would have been hard-pressed to do as he did.
So it was that that morning, they gathered up their things and made their farewells, and the proceeded east and south along the roads towards Anderitum. And their travels were easy, for the roads were good and much used, and there were patrols of noble lords' forces and bridges, although there were tolls to cross the latter when they came upon them. Yet the green-clad man had plenty of coin, and there was no trouble as he and the mail-clad man went along their way.
But if there was little trouble, there was also little cheer. Never had the green-clad man been particularly open with his words, but after leaving the town, there was an intensity about him that the knight had not before noted, and he did not approach it to break it. The green-clad man sat forward on his horse, leaning and peering, and it seemed that he neither blinked nor breathed, so focused was he on the road ahead. And he did not run his horse, but he did force its walk as fast as it could be without breaking into a trot or a gallop, and the mail-clad man, long used to horsecraft, knew that it strained the animals they rode–for he did not dare let the green-clad man get too far ahead. Too, he saw that they did not talk to others along the way as had been their wont before, and the others on the road also avoided them, almost as if not seeing them. And he wondered at that, but not too much, for he had come to know there was a way about the green-clad man that made for such things to happen, and that it were best not to delve into it too deeply.
That evening, as the sun sank behind the western horizon and the green-clad man and the mail-clad made camp beside the road, the former said to the latter "I know that you think it strange that I have acted as I have today. Yet we are close to where we would be, close to being able to do what it is that I need to do–and what I need you to do, as well. And so we are close to the end of your obligation to me, which must be a source of joy for you, as well."
The mail-clad man replied "I do not find it a burden to be in service, but rather a welcome thing. I have seen that you have much power, although some of it is strange and the working of it beyond my ken; it is not a small thing to be in service to such a one as you. And I have grown the greater in that service, strengthened as you have said of it, and I am not displeased that I can do more and do it better now than I could in earlier times. So it is not joy I feel at the prospect of being done, although there is satisfaction in discharging a charge laid. It is something I shall soon know, as well, for there is a penance upon me to fast and pray. It will be good to be quit of it, although I relish that I am purified by it."
"I have noted it, and it seems to do you no harm. But now, you must eat, and then we must rest, for I hope within a few days to come to Anderitum. Too long have I been away from it, and there is much there I would resume, much that was mine that I would reclaim."
"Are you from Anderitum, then?"
The green-clad man looked at his companion levelly for a moment. Then he gave his reply: "Not originally, no. I am from rather farther from here than that. But I did live in that tow for some time, indeed, and I was forced out of it. But I have had word that what forced me out is gone, and so I can return to what is mine and reclaim it again. Surely this is the kind of thing your chivalry calls upon you to assist, the resumption of right by one dispossessed from it?"
"I have said that I will aid you. I have accepted that I am charged to do so. You need not return again and again to the idea, as if you think that I will forget it if you do not remind me of it. I have said I would do a thing, and so that thing will be done, if I live to do it. You do ill to think that I would be otherwise, and I have done no thing to give you cause to doubt my word. So I will thank you not to voice that doubt again unless I should do so."
"I am glad to hear you say it, then, Sir Knight, and that you will recall it. And I will be glad of your help when we arrive at Anderitum. I will be glad of it, indeed."
𝔄fter the cheering died down from the victory of the mail-clad man and the town over those who would assail it, the green-clad man went to his follower and said to him "You see now that it is as has been said to you, that you are made mighty to do work in the world. And I am glad of it, as are those who have seen you work, so that you need not be in worry over such things. Rejoice, rather, that you have such skill as meets the needs before you, and that you have such strength as needs to use such skills, for lacked you either, the day would not have gone so well for you as might have been hoped–although others might well have enjoyed the result."
The mail-clad man nodded in reply and said "I am glad to have disappointed them. Yet I am amazed at the event, for it is not often that a single man can face many and not be harmed by it, and I stand unbloodied while those who faced me have fallen or fled. I had not thought that a few days of practice would make such difference as seems to have been, for even while I have known you, I have not fought so well."
"Speak you of the encounter in the woods? Yet you yourself have said that there is no mark upon you from it, and yet there were two dead, and one an archer. So I do not know that you are improved so much as you might think in your skill, but rather in that you have been strengthened to aid in the tasks that lie before you–since they lie before me, and you must follow me, as you are charged to do."
"I am, as I know, and I will. But first, I must see to the killing I have done, and while I need not be the one to do the burying, for there are others here to tend to it, I have taken lives and must ask forgiveness therefore. For although they would have killed me had I not them, I recall that the knight for whom I squired, Sir Erflet, said that any life taken is a sin, and I already carry enough of them without coming clean of more. So if you will excuse me, I will to the priest once again, that I may be shriven and stride ahead with less fear."
Then the mail-clad man did as he said he would do, and he sought the town priest, finding him helping with the wounded and praying over the dead. And he agreed that he would hear the knight's confession and absolve him once those who were in gravest need were attended to, "for I doubt me that God will send it that so worthy and worshipful a man as you will be taken at unawares after the moment of victory, and that you have acted in defense of yourself and of others will argue in your favor with the Most High even if you should be called thence between now and then. But if you will help me with such matters, I can be done with them the sooner, and then might I turn to address your need."
So the mail-clad man did as he was bidden, and he ended up digging graves and burying bodies maugre his earlier words. But he was strong and the digging was swift, and they were laid in earth unconsecrated who had attacked the town, while those who had dwelt within it and were killed were laid out and their graves dug in the churchyard. And those who had taken hurt were eased as they might be, both by the priest and by others in the town, and the mail-clad man noted that the green-clad did not offer his healing arts readily, but only in a few cases, and then only as asked directly by the Lord Deleiere. He wondered at it, but then he thought of his own life in the short time since his own healing, and he thought it were perhaps better that others not be given the same gifts as he had received.
So it was that the town was set back to rights and swiftly, and when it was, the priest did as he had said he would, and he heard the knight's confession, and he gave him absolution freely, saying that the labor he had done for the town was penance enough, and he blessed him openly. Then the knight continued the penance he had undertaken after the stay in the home of Lady Maelis, after which he went back into the town. For although it had been interrupted, the festival of founding still continued in some wise, having been prepared to just that end. And the mail-clad man ate and drank readily and heartily, and in each place he went in the town, he was greeted by cheers and applause, and some of the people of the town sought to have lain with him that night. All of them he rebuffed, not wanting to repeat the error for which he was already penitent, and some heard the refusal well, but others wept and fled from him when he said them no.
The night was long, and the festival went long into it, with people eating their food and drinking their drink and thanking God for the charter that made them free forever and the knight who had fought to keep them so. And the knight saw that it was of such things that peace was made and upon which kingdoms such as Logres had been at its height were founded, and he prayed that the new king would do as the old one had done in that wise. And after he prayed thus, he found his way to his lonely bed for the night, and he slept well and deeply.
𝔒ne of the oncoming riders, carrying a shield of ebon, two chevrons argent, raced ahead of the others, his horse sprinting as it carried him into the midst of the town. The mail-clad man there met him with his sword upraised, shouting at the man without words but with great vigor. The shouts attracted the rider's attention, and he bore down on the mail-clad man, leveling a spear at his breast and spurring his horse to greater speed. But at the last moment, the mail-clad man stepped to the side, crossing the path of the horse and lifting it as if thrusting its point toward the heavens, so that its blade slipped under the rider's shield and up into his arm. And such was the force of the blow that it lifted the rider from the saddle, and his horse sped onward without its rider as the argent chevron knight crashed to the ground heavily, and his helmet was dented. The mail-clad man stomped upon the chest of the fallen rider and broke him, so that blood rushed out from his mouth in a gout, and he pulled his sword out of him, turning to face the others oncoming.
For their part, the riders behind saw what had happened, and many of them reined up their horses at the display, reconsidering their attack–for it was clear that they had not thought there were any in the town who could oppose them at all, much less with might and skill. But not all of them did so, and others rushed in, closing upon the mail-clad man, for they knew him to be a threat to them. But he grabbed up the spear that his first foe had let fall, and he took its weight in his hand, and he threw it, and his throw was straight and true. Into the chest of another rider it sank, going in even past the socket and bursting through the mail of his back. When he fell, another rider came upon the mail-clad man, veering aside to keep his shield-side away from him, thrusting out his spear to the side as if to cut the mail-clad man as he passed by. But the mail-clad man stepped outside it and avoided the blow, and he cut the head of the spear from the shaft as it passed him.
Then did the rider turn and draw his sword, but before he could come about and strike again at the mail-clad man, another rider charged upon him, thinking to use the distraction of the earlier to advantage. And nearly did it work, for he was able to close upon the mail-clad man with leveled spear, but the mail-clad man ducked under the spear and cut upward, and the horse itself fell to the ground, slain, and it crushed its rider as it fell, pinning him to the earth. The man screamed, and the sword-wielding rider pressed in upon the mail-clad man, hacking at him from on high. The mail-clad man ducked and dodged away from the blows, and the rider could make no gain with his sword, but he put the mail-clad man to the test in his assault, and pushed him back–and other riders approached yet.
As the mail-clad man stepped back, his foot struck the shield of one of those he had felled, and as he ducked another blow, he lifted it up and held it above his head against the sword-wielding rider. Then did that rider draw back, for he knew well the price that a thrust from the mail-clad man commanded, and his comrades pressed upon their common foe. With his shield, he turned one spear aside; with his sword, the other; and he stepped between them and turned, facing their backs. The flat of his blade flashed twice, and both horses reared from the pain on their rumps, rising up to the surprise of their riders, and one of them fell at the mail-clad man's feet. The blade flashed again, and the fallen rider's throat opened to the sky, and a great welter of blood flowed forth from it. His companion wheeled about to try to thrust at the knight again, but he avoided it once again, letting the point pass him by and turning to meet another rider oncoming.
And as he fought, the green-clad man looked on, and the people of the town saw the feats of arms he performed and were inspired by them. Then they took up such weapons as they had; the smithy gave of its hammers, and there were pitchforks at hand, and spears were found that the fathers of the people and their fathers had kept after wielding them, and rocks were hefted in hand and sent in showers at the invading riders as the rest were roused to meet them by the mail-clad man's marvelous deeds. Then those riders who had held back turned and left, for they had sought easier prey upon which to feast, and already had more of them fallen than they had thought would or should. And several of the others who had gone into the town themselves turned and fled, seeing their fellows retire from the field. But there were still some who fought on, and they did manage to slay some of the townsfolk before they were themselves slain, whether felled by a lucky cast of a spear or knocked from horse by a hammer that swiftly swung again, or else grabbed by many hands and pulled upon and beaten.
But the mail-clad man fought through the whole of it, and all who faced him fell, but none of them could touch him. Then the people remarked that he had clearly been touched by God and given strength to ease their plight that day, and they cheered for him who did not mourn at the deaths of their fellows–yet even they were hopeful, for if their fellows had fallen, they had at least done so in victory, and their town had been preserved against assault.
𝔄s the Lord Deleiere, the priest of the town, and the green-clad man mounted the stage, a hush fell over the crowd. The sun approached its zenith in a clear sky, looking down upon those gathered, and the church bells rang for midday. When their pealing ceased, the priest gestured to an altar boy who had come with him to come forward, and he bore a closed case not unlike that used to carry the Scriptures. The altar boy opened the case, and the priest reached into it and withdrew from it a large paper, showing its age but still whole, and it was written in ink still dark despite the years. Then the priest did turn to the Lord Deleiere and said to him, "Lord Deleiere, if it would please you, the charter royal which is sent to this town, naming it free forever under the aegis of the king and of God above. Receive it again in the name of those here gathered, and proclaim its proclamation aloud, that all may know the goodness of the kind and the grace of God under whom he is anointed!" And he offered the paper to the lord, who took it slowly and with a hand that seemed to shake in the sunlight.
But yet the Lord Deleiere stepped forward with the paper in hand, and he unfolded it that he could read it the better, and he lifted up his voice and said aloud the words that were written on it. Then did those there gathered, the burghers and their visitors, old and young, man and woman alike, and members of all three estates, hear of the founding of the town, and of the year and the day of its chartering, and of the privileges accorded to it, all under the seal of the king who had been and commended to the kings that would come after, to maintain in perpetuity, so long as the world would last, by the grace and pleasure of God Almighty. And when he had done, there was applause and cheering from the people, and the mail-clad man joined them in it. And well he should, for it is right and proper to glory in the glory of others.
When the applause and cheering died away, the Lord Deleiere returned the paper to the priest, bidding him keep it in the fastness of the church, where God might keep it safe and clear so that all might read it who had the skill, and the pleasure of God in maintaining the freedom of the town be manifest. And the priest received it again humbly and folded it with reverence before he placed it back in the case the altar by bore and closed it back up again. And then he prayed, and all bowed their heads who were in attendance, and the priest blessed the town in the name of God and all those who dwelt in it, as well as those who stood in it but for a time and were passing on to other places. And he prayed that the king would live long in health and wisdom, and that there would be peace in the land and in all lands, for now and forever.
But when the priest had done, there was a sound as of approaching thunder, although the sky remained clear. But those who looked about themselves saw that clouds of dust arose and approached in haste, and it could soon be seen that there were riders leading them, and many, and they were dressed in many hues and strange shapes. Them the mail-clad man recalled from his days in service to Sir Erflet and since, and he knew that those who bore such shields and such designs upon their surcoats were reprobate and apostate from the high ideals of knighthood, and that they would not stint to take what they desired–and he well knew that they desired. So he loosened his sword in its scabbard and made his way to the stage where stood the green-clad man, and he said to him "We must away, for I know who they are who ride this way, and no good do they mean for any they here find. And if I am obligated to you, then I must act in your defense, and that will be the easier if we are away and ahorse than amid the people and afoot."
The green-clad man looked at the knight and said to him "Surely you are not afraid of those who ride here. For I know you to be a warrior of skill, and I hear that you are become a warrior of greater might than when we met. I had not thought to hear you speak of fleeing from a field of battle that presents itself to you, nor yet to hear you say such things as might make may think you a coward."
"Say as you will, and think it," replied the mail-clad man, "yet I know whereof I speak, and I do not say I do not seek to fight, but only that if I will fight, I would fight as I know how best to do, and not to offer my weakness to my enemy's strength. For if it is the case as you have said that even the most worshipful knight puts strength to weakness, still I need not make the task easier for my foes. And the fight is never lost that is never fought, in any wise."
As they debated, the riders grew closer, and the sounds of their shouts began to be heard. Then there was panic in the town, for those shouts carried words most vile, promising all manner of harm to come and to endure for long, and none would be excused from it, if the riders had their way. But the mail-clad man knew he would not sway the green-clad to act in his own defense, and he drew his sword and made ready to face those who would attack them all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Backbonejs - in collection, how do we access this.var from initialize function? What I am trying to accomplish is pass this Post model ID to a collection so I can populate this specific Post id with other models that are associated with it. For example: In a Blog Post, contains a bunch of Comments. and I want to display those comments pointing to this Blog Post only.
I must be missing something fundamental here.
Below is my Post Model and i am instantiating a new CommentCollection and passing along models and options arguments.
var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
  initialize: function() {
    /*
     * we are connecting Comments collection
     * to each post item by passing along post id
     * */
    this.comments = new CommentsCollection([], { id: this.id });
  },
  defaults: {
    title: 'title here',
    body: 'body here'
  },
  urlRoot: localserver + "/posts"
});

Below is my Comment Collection. console.log(this.id); returns undefined.
var CommentsCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({
  initialize: function(models, options) {
    this.id = options.id;
    console.log(this.id);
    return this;
  },
  url: function() {
    console.log(this.id);
    return localserver + "/posts/" + this.id + "/comments";
  },
  model: CommentModel
});

my console is returning this:
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'id' of undefined
3

A: Try this code:
var CommentModel = Backbone.Model.extend({});

var CommentsCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({
  model: CommentModel,
  initialize: function(models, options) {
    this.id = options.id;
    if(typeof this.id === 'undefined') { return; }
    this.url();
  },
  url: function() {
    var localserver = "localhost";
    console.log('from comment url: ', this.id);

    return localserver + "/" + this.id + "/comments";
  }
});

var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
  urlRoot: "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com" + "/posts",
  initialize: function(option) {
    this.comments = new CommentsCollection([], { id: option.id });
  }
});

//var pm = new PostModel();
//pm.comments.fetch();
//console.log('from pm: ', pm.comments.url());

var PostsCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({
  model: PostModel,
  url: "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com" + "/posts?_sort=views&_order=DESC",
  initialize: function() {
    this.on('reset', this.getComments, this);
  },
  getComments: function() {
    this.each(function(post) {
      post.comments = new CommentsCollection([], { post: post });
      post.comments.fetch();
    });
  }
});

var pc = new PostsCollection();
pc.fetch();

What I did is that I use the option parameter of the PostModal. Below is the code.
var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
  urlRoot: "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com" + "/posts",
  initialize: function(option) {
    this.comments = new CommentsCollection([], { id: option.id });
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Official UB news and information for the media
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UB offering two-day crash course in blockchain
By Tracy Puckett
Bryant Nielson, founder and CEO of The Blackchain Academy.
Chunming Qiao, SUNY Distinguished Professor and chair of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering
"Despite a recent cool-down in the cryptocurrency market, we believe blockchain technologies will continue to play an important role in many applications, including health care, manufacturing, logistics, law and finance."
Chunming Qiao, SUNY Distinguished Professor and chair
BUFFALO, N.Y. — Software developers, entrepreneurs, students, senior managers and anyone interested in understanding the basics of blockchain technology are invited to a two-day course next month at the University at Buffalo.
Blockchain Foundations, scheduled for June 12-13 at Davis Hall on UB's North Campus, is an introduction to the world of Bitcoin, blockchain and distributed ledgers.
It is being offered by the Center for Industrial Effectiveness (TCIE) in coordination with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE).
"Despite a recent cool-down in the cryptocurrency market, we believe blockchain technologies will continue to play an important role in many applications, including health care, manufacturing, logistics, law and finance," says SUNY Distinguished Professor and CSE chair Chunming Qiao.
The course facilitator is Bryant Nielson, founder and CEO of The Blockchain Academy. Nielson has written extensively about blockchain and regularly speaks at conferences worldwide, including numerous engagements in New York, Chicago, London, Mexico City, Moscow and Dubai.
He echoes Qiao's comments, saying blockchain technology is radically changing "much of what is going on in many different types of industries."
"Oftentimes people confuse Bitcoin with blockchain," Nielson says. "There's a lot of things happening in blockchain technology that's beyond Bitcoin."
The course covers a brief history of Bitcoin and blockchain, examines how Bitcoin works under the hood and demonstrates the practical usage of Bitcoin and blockchain technology through use cases spanning multiple industries.
"We are pleased to team up with the experts at The Blockchain Academy to offer this course as a way to fulfill UB's mission," Qiao says, "which is to bring the benefits of its research, scholarship and creative activity, and educational excellence to global and local communities."
The course costs $795. Registration is available on TCIE's website.
For more information, contact Mariah Glass, UB TCIE training program coordinator, at 716-645-8840 or mariahgl@buffalo.edu.
UB TCIE leverages assets of the UB School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) to improve the operations of external business and industry partners, and meet critical and emerging workforce needs. It resolves a wide spectrum of corporate challenges through technical assistance, OpEx/continuous improvement consultation, and professional education. For more information on how TCIE can assist Western New York businesses, visit buffalo.edu/tcie or call 716-645-8800.
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text:
'50s Rock 'n' Roll
Nouveautés: Mar 1956
Label: Vintage Pleasure
Released in March of 1956, Elvis Presley ushered in the rock 'n' roll era. The first rock record to top a million in sales, it laid the blueprint for pretty much everything that followed. Highlighted by a handful of the famed Sun Sessions songs, Elvis' supernatural vocals and the country-billy backing of Scotty Moore and Bill Black, it remains a touchstone to this day.
À propos de cet album
Shake Rattle and Roll
Lonesome Cowboy
Let Me Be Your Teddy Bear
That's All Right Mama
Heartbreak Hotel
I Don't Care If the Sun Don't Shine
Rip It Up
Long Tall Sally
Don't Be Cruel
Are You Lonesome Tonight
My Baby Left Me
Santa Claus Is Back in Town
There'll Be Peace in the Valley
Santa Bring My Baby Back
It Is No Secret (What God Can Do)
Take My Hand, Precious Lord
Derniers albums de Elvis Presley


text:
Q: Should subresource integrity and cross reference always be used? I currently have a bout 3 lots of Jquery being used from various CDN's, should I use sub resource integrity on all scripts? Should I also be using it on locally hosted Javascript files? Here's my code:
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
<script src="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/assets/js/vendor/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>

<script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.10.20/js/jquery.dataTables.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.10.20/js/dataTables.bootstrap4.min.js"></script>

It appears only one uses it, the others don't, would it be advisable to do it for all? I'm also planning on using just 3.4.1 slim.min instead of 3.2.1 and 3.4.1 separately. Thanks.

A: For locally hosted js, it would not be suggested to use the subresource integrity if still wanted to use you can use but you need to make u generate hash every time the file changes and update the hash value to the src tag.
For the remaining, you can add but as they are the third party js and we don't know when they would be updated, if we get release notes for them we implement the SRI for those also.
Please check the below which Help having a failover mechanism if the file updates and the hash fails
https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/09/subresource-integrity-in-firefox-43/


God makes an interesting statement as He is reproving His people through the prophet Jeremiah. In Jeremiah 6:15 God says that although His people should have been ashamed of their actions and choices, "They did not even know how to blush." Now for too many in our culture, the whole concept of blushing at certain behaviors is a long-lost memory, but I actually can remember early in my walk with God when He restored to me the ability to blush. Let's take a brief look at God's lament – and maybe try ourselves to recover from Him an ability to blush once again.
The reason a nation can no longer blush begins, strangely enough, in the pulpits of the land. It begins when men of God begin to value money and things more than they do truth and intimate fellowship with God through the Holy Spirit.
What begins as false motives for men of God quickly degenerates into a false message to the people. They no longer can honestly preach about sin, because they are excusing it in their own lives so they can pursue things rather than pursue God. Thus they preach a message that is saying, "Peace, peace," when the reality is there is no peace as long as sin is not exposed and dealt with as God desires for it to be.
There is a brokenness that is among the people – there always is because of the Fall – and because man is not basically good – but basically sinful and selfish. That message, though, won't bring the crowds. They need something far more positive – far more engaging to those who choose sin. They need to find a way to "superficially" deal with sin. So, they begin to proclaim that man is at peace with God – even when sin is not dealt with as God demands in His holiness. The problem is – there is no peace when sin is not confronted and repentance is not called for by the messengers of God. And what is the result of such theology, or the lack thereof? No more shame and no more blushing.
God speaks of the abomination that they have done. What was their abomination? It was that they had left the true and living God – and made a god of their own – one who would justify however they wanted to live. Now before we think too harshly of the Israelites – we may want to note that this is something that has been repeated in the New Testament in Romans chapter 1. God's wrath is revealed against all unrighteousness and ungodliness of men who suppress the truth in unrighteousness. Three times in that first chapter we are reminded that they did not know the true God, but exchanged Him for a god of their own making. What was the hallmark of this new false god? No sin! At least no sin according to what is revealed by God in the Bible.
Let me define the word "blush" before we continue. To blush is to experience a reddening of the face due to a feeling of shame or a desire for modesty. The reason God says that they did not even know how to blush is because they had come to a point of utterly rejecting the morals or the Word of God. They were doing abominations – but no longer considered them to be that. As a result – they, and the culture in which they lived now considered what God to be an abomination to be normal fare. No reason to blush. No reason to feel any shame.
There is a false teaching that says Christians should not feel shame. But I find that hard to understand. If we are talking about undue shame, I agree. But if we are talking about having sinned against God – shame is normal – can I say, even good. It was a good thing after I received Christ that actions I would normally do before, now caused me to feel shame if I did them. It was a wonderful thing that seeing or hearing things suddenly elicited a response of blushing rather than a shrugging of the shoulders. The passage in Jeremiah shares more of the sad results of no longer being able to blush. There is a corresponding response to the Word of God that comes as well.
God says to them, "Ask for the ancient paths, where the good way is, and walk in it; and you will find rest for your souls." These "ancient paths" and the "good way" are nothing more than what God's Word says to do – the way He commands for us to walk. But what is the response? "We will not walk in it." God responds by saying to listen to the watchmen when they sound the trumpet. This is a reference to when a watchman was set upon the wall of the city. The reason he would sound the trumpet would be to warn of imminent danger. But the response again is that they will not listen. They will not respond to God because they have set themselves to disobey God's Word. They do not regard it as authoritative – or of any real value to them. What God says is wrong – isn't wrong to them. What God warns as being dangerous – is not even worthy of their attention. Thus what God calls "blush-worthy" and should cause us to blush in shame or a desire for greater modesty – is ignored. Those who have lost the ability to blush have few moral boundaries if any at all. To blush would involve seeing some moral behaviors – some sexual choices as wrong. To call something wrong in this society is the new reddening statement. But now the redness of face is no longer a response of shame or modesty. It has become the standard response to anyone who would dare to put some kind of moral or sexual restraint in place that limits our freedom to do or to be whatever we want.
What is the end of such a culture? What happens when any culture loses its ability to blush? God says what happens in the last verses of this section of Jeremiah 6.
Disaster is the end of such a society. There is a disaster because they are ignoring a loving God whose restraints are in place because they guard us from destructive behavior. The very fruit of their plans is what they will receive. They refuse to listen to God's words – the reject His law. All that is left is for that culture to begin self-destructing. Usually it won't be immediate. Sin is, after all, enjoyable for a season. But in the end – the result is death – spiritually, emotionally, mentally, and yes – even culturally. That was what God was wanting to communicate to His people – not because he wanted to harm them – but because their very choices were harming themselves.


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text:
Emergency funding needed for creches
Seán Sherlock
Labour spokesperson on Children, Deputy Sean Sherlock, has called on the Government to provide emergency funding for the childcare sector in the face of the prolonged closure of crèches around the country.
Deputy Sherlock said:
"As it's now been confirmed that schools will remain closed after March 29th we can also presume the same will be the case for the country's crèches.
"This is a sensible measure and the right thing to do in these uncertain and difficult times.
"However many crèches will be under enormous financial pressure to ensure they can reopen once this crisis has passed.
"Many parents, especially those whose own incomes have been impacted by this crisis, will not be in a position to continue paying high crèche fees while their children remain at home.
"In order for childcare workers to continue to be paid, and for other costs such as rent and other outgoings to be met by crèches in the midst of a loss of income from fees, the Government needs to provide emergency funding for the sector.
"Funding was provided by the Department of Children's Programme Support Payment at Christmas time when insurance costs soared, and a similar fund should be put in place now.
"It is vital that our childcare facilities stay in business and workers are paid during this crisis, so once normality resumes their doors can open again."
Labour calls for formal bi-lateral process with the UK on decolonising Irish artefacts
Mallow Hospital must be a solution to Cork overcrowding
Minister must provide clarity on Disability Grant cut to National Learning Network students – Sherlock


The Shaarei Mishpat (Gates of Justice) Law College is holding a seminar on the proposed Israel Design Law.
The seminar will be held on 29th April 2013, between 2 PM and 5:30 PM, and, after greetings by Professor Binyamin Shardani and Dr Aviad HaCohen. will include two plena.
The first Plenum will feature presentations by Adv. Howard Pliner and Adv. Naama Daniel of the IP Group of the Legislation Department of the Ministry of Justice who will discuss "the fundamentals of the proposed design law". Commissioner of Patents, Designs and Trademarks, Adv Assa Kling will discuss "Registration and examination in light of the proposed legislation", Dr Hagai Vinitzki will talk on "Trading in registered designs", and Adv. Hila Oz Meir will speak on "Design wars on the technology front".
Presumably after a break, the second plenum will be devoted to issues in design law. Yoav Tikochinski, an industrial designer will talk on the topic "designers, registered designs and the difference between them", Alon Razgor will present on "when the designer meets the customer", Dr Viktor Boganim will present on "the balance of interests in design registration" and Adv. Yossi Markovitz will talk about non-registered designs and what remains from the A.Sh.I.R. decision. Professor Miguel Deutch from the Department of Law of Tel Aviv University will give a summary lecture entitled "Design Law and the Draft Law against the Background of Unjust Enrichment" (which sounds rather like Markovitz' topic).


An Air India commander was reportedly arrested in Sharjah on 16 May for turning in an inebriated condition to operate a Delhi-Kochi flight. Flight AI 934, with 120 passengers onboard, took off at 4.35pm, more than three hours past the scheduled time, after AI found a replacement..
The commander was waiting in the security check queue. The staff found him reeking of alcohol and when he failed a breath analyser test, he was arrested, said a source.
Meanwhile a guarded AI spokesperson said, the pilot was not fully fit. He has been detained in Sharjah. We are investigating why he was not fit to operate the flight.
While AI faces embarrassment over one of its pilots being detained in UAE for turning up drunk to work, the commander may be in serious trouble. Unlike India, where the DGCA diluted rules last year, UAE has very strict rules.
Following a relaxation in rules last year, a pilot in India can lose his or her licence only when caught flying drunk for the third time. Before this dilution, pilots would have their licence suspended for three months when caught drunk for the first time. On a second offence, his or her flying licence would be suspended for five years. This meant an end to the pilot's flying career as they would have to begin from scratch after five years.


I asked this question a while back but am still unsure.
Can the 85k allowance be used for multiple sales until 85k is used up or just once? Is it used for land sales?
Is the 17k personal allowance related to the 85k or distinct?
If selling agricultural land, is 85k not used or not relevant to land but the 25k allowance used instead. Does it matter if you own the land but are not a farmer?
If one has sold residential land before how can I find out if any allowance was used?
Finally do all sales, land and property calculate CGT using the consumer index?
I published a comprehensive article on Capital Gains Tax a few years ago. You can find it at Capital Gains Tax on the Sale of Property in Cyprus.
If anything's unclear, please get back to me.
I am trying to sell agricultural land inherited that probably has an acquisition cost based on the market value as of 1.1.1980.
I am still unsure of allowance other than I don't think this qualifies for the 85k allowance. Could be 17k personal or 25k farm land.
What I would like to know is how to calculate the indexation and where I can find the tables.
As it's agricultural land you'll get an allowance of €25,629.
The one you should use is labelled "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – TIMESERIES (BASE 1992, 2005, 2015)"
You'll find an online CGT calculator at http://www.ac-accountants.com/index.php ... calculator (but I can't say how accurate it is).
Nigel, my understanding is that the 25,629 euros is only for registered farmers. The 17,430 euro rule applies here.
As it is inherited land then the sale price is all gain. Minus the 1980 value, minus the allowance, minus the RPI for inflation then taxed at 20% on the rest.
The 85k is a one time allowance for your permanent residence os greater than 5 years not for land sales.
The base year for the RPI is 1980 to date.
I had a feeling it may be just for Farmers?
Basically I am trying to figure out the cost to me so when I sell/negotiate a price I take that into consideration.
I have been trying to figure out indexation allowance but the table Nigel supplied does not go back as far as 1980. I have found some other inflation table but not sure if that is correct.
Anyone know how to contact Land Registry Nicosia. I may as well ask them some questions. For example I sold a building plot some 20 years ago and am not sure what allowance was stated then.
Is my personal allowance of 17k a one time only transaction?
Apologies - the € 25,629 allowance is only applicable for the sale of agricultural land by a farmer as Pan has said.
You are entitled to get a personal allowance when you sell a property until you reach the maximum lifetime allowance of € 85,430. After that you will get no more personal allowances.
If you look at the spreadsheet at http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statis ... penElement the last tab 'BASE_1992 (1980-2018)' has the rates dating back to 1980. (But the URL of this spreadsheet changes every month so it's best to look at the link I provided earlier and select the spreadsheet labelled CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – TIMESERIES (BASE 1992, 2005, 2015) (the penultimate one on the list).
Unfortunately the inflation table produced by the Tax Department hasn't been updated since May last year.
However I am still confused.
Can the allowances be used multiple times until exhausted. And if so can the 17k personal allowance be used for land as well as residencies until you reach the 85k. I say this as the 85k is always stated as being used for residencies occupied for 5 years or more.
Before you go to land registry do you have to take an accountants calculation if CGT liability as land registry won't calculate for you.
Can the allowances be used multiple times until exhausted. And if so can the 17k personal allowance be used for land as well as residencies until you reach the 85k.
Yes and yes. You'll need an accountant to work out the figures then present them to the Tax Department.
So do you pay the tax at the tax department or get a certificate that you present at the land registry?
Can you make appointment or is turn up and wait?
You pay CGT at the Tax Department and they will issue you with a receipt that you take to the Land Registry when the transfer takes place.
Here is an example of a CGT calculation, just put in the numbers you have and work it out. It should be close to what the Tax Dept. will do anyway.
1970: Α bought a building site for Cy.P. 1.500.
1990: Α transferred the building site to his son by gift.
1.2012 Β sold the building site to C for €200.000.
The value of the building site as at 1.1.1980 is €5.000.
Hope this helps. When you pay the tax at the tax office they issue you with a Tax Clearance Certificate. You then take this with the other filled in paperwork, plus a certificate from the muktar (local council or municipality) that all your taxes are paid to the land registry for transfer. You and the buyer both need to attend.
So you have to pay all taxes and fees before you get to registry. If the sale happens at registry then you have to find the tax before your actual sale?
And do you have to have a contract of sale from a solicitor or can scribble something on a bit of paper.
All help appreciated as if I go over I want to have an idea of process plus how long I have to be there.
Also you and Nigel appear to differ on allowances. Pan puts personal allowance in the context of first sale. Which I assume means the opposite of Nigel who says personal allowance can be used as many times till you reach 85k.
Knowing the answer will help me agree price.


text:
Borders in Chaos: Help Needed Now! Texas Sheriff's Distress Call
An unimaginable wave of illegal immigration is forcing a Texas border sheriff to seek assistance from other sheriffs across the state and beyond.
According to NewsNation reporter Ali Bradley, Kinney County Sheriff Brad Coe sent a letter to other sheriffs across several states. He thanked the sheriffs of Galveston and Goliath counties for their assistance, but said his county's resources are at the breaking point.
TX: Kinney County Sheriff Brad Coe sends letter to sheriffs in Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas asking for help at the border.
"I am requesting any aide that your county may be able to provide in this border crisis, whether it be manpower, equipment, or operators…" pic.twitter.com/cO33y82Cdo
— Ali Bradley (@AliBradleyTV) January 20, 2023
Coe writes, "The safety and security of our county has been constantly under threat since early 2021 by those who have no desire to seek asylum through lawful means. Our homes are being broken into in the middle of the night. The local school district has been forced to erect military barricades around campus to protect students from smugglers evading law enforcement. Walking outside on our own property after dark is no longer safe."
Coe continued, writing, "The residents of Kinney County no longer enjoy the comfort and safety of their own home. Words cannot adequately describe the conditions on the ground and the daily threats we have been forced to contend with."
In addition to patrolling roads and local ranches, Coe's officers serve on a "brush team" that arrests aliens who trespass on local ranches illegally.
Coe wrote, "Under normal circumstances, our county would not support a large or robust law enforcement presence. However, these are extraordinary times."
He concluded, saying, "By sending this letter, I am requesting any aide that your county may be able to provide in this border crisis, whether it be manpower, equipment, or operators. This crisis has made all counties a border county. It is imperative that we stand ready here at the border in order to protect and serve the people of our great state."
Just three months ago, a local news station highlighted Sheriff Coe's struggle with increases in human smuggling at the southern border.
Since Biden took office, 5.6 million illegal immigrants have crossed the border. CBP apprehended five million illegal immigrants while over one million gotaways eluded Border Patrol.
Sheriff Coe's cry for help shines a national spotlight on the critical security, humanitarian and national security crisis that is overwhelming southern border communities. Kinney County has too few resources from the Biden administration to help address this issue in their own county and have been forced to rely on assistance from other states. It is a national disgrace that there continues to be a lack of action from the Biden administration, leaving local law enforcement with limited options. We must come together as a nation in order to find solutions to this crisis that ensures national security.


text:
Gestorben

März

 4. März: Thutmosis III., ägyptischer Pharao (* um 1486 v. Chr.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
— Main Menu —HOME WHO WE ARE CLIENTS / ALLIANCES SERVICES BLOG CONTACT US
The EPA Says: "Show Me the Money!"
Up From Fiefdoms
At the end of May, an especially pointed essay by Wall Street Journal columnist Kim Strassel examined the Deep State. Here's a link to this important work. This entity is the government within government that is devoted to and pursues an agenda unto itself. It is the government of fiefdoms, "federal family," and wink-and-nod actions by insiders. Call it the Skull and Bones of the public employee cabal…hidden from view it advances government control, strictures and leverage. Please read and absorb this important essay.
In previous entries, the Policysmith has examined suspect BLM behaviors and fiefdoms, the "Federal Family," and other problematic attitudes and behaviors of the bureaucratic class. Emboldened by an administration aligned with its goals, in 2014 the Deep State took adventurism to new levels of aggression and malice.
Colorado has been, and remains, ground zero for the confrontation between extractive commercial activities and the resistance to same. Leading the charge of the anti forces are the Mother Earth/vegan/soft path/climate change purists.
Riding public transportation daily (of course there's nothing wrong with that) from Boulder to Denver, EPA management and their buddies in the Department of Justice forged a singular alliance. This federal family evidences an elevated, preening attitude coupled with sanctimonious do-gooderism. These "save-the-world" EPA staffers and their DOJ cohorts got the go-ahead to pursue the infidels who produce oil and gas – and yes – FRACK!
They scored big when Noble Energy was found to be leaking methane from its legacy facilities in the D-J Basin of Colorado. The company negotiated a settlement with EPA involving retro-fitting, purchase of alternate fuel vehicles and a variety of other "investments" totaling in excess of $70 million. Noble lipsticked the settlement pig, declared victory and vowed to build and maintain facilities to the highest standards…all while touting its industry leadership and calling on other producers to join in the fun.
The governor of Colorado congratulated Noble and declared war on methane emissions from oil and gas operations. It's noteworthy that another collaborator in the Noble, EPA and Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment "celebration" was none other than the Environmental Defense Fund. EDF has laid claim to "joining with industry" to "seek solutions." Most in industry have learned the hard way that such engagement means check for a knife in the back and watch your wallet. One set of facts that never entered the methane discussion, and is studiously avoided by EDF, is that the primary sources of such emissions worldwide are natural seeps/volcanic eruptions, wetlands and animal flatulence, among others. Oil and gas production activities as a percentage of worldwide methane emissions are in the mid-single digits.
Regardless, let no opportunity pass to impugn oil and gas producers. With this victory in hand, and its budget having been reduced (by its own definition "devastatingly"), EPA Region 8 with legal support from DOJ received the go-ahead to pursue similar outcomes in the autumn of EPA Administrator McCarthy's tenure. In shale's a target-rich environment, there was no target richer than the newly-minted petroleum power house, North Dakota. Not only were there multitudes of production facilities, its national delegation and state government were/are comprised of political and social conservatives.
The opportunity for a two-fer, maybe even a three-fer, was too delicious to pass up. With the exception of a lone Democrat senator (pro-oil at that), the federal delegation and the state government leadership were and are Republicans. What's not to like for the anti-oil crowd? Never mind that the state was (and is) in compliance with air standards, and had been as far back as can be tracked. Never mind that the bulk of the land is privately held, there is tribal land and that provided the entry for adventures in enforcement.
The EPA has many dedicated and impartial professionals on its staff. But the political caste in leadership employs, at best, disingenuous and ignoble poses of acting "in the public interest" and "protecting our heritage for our grandchildren." Media drags out its shopworn boilerplate, casting industry in general as villains and opposition to EPA overreach as "greedy polluters degrading public health." The whiskers on these hackneyed concepts are long, and indeed quite gray.
Up next, the North Dakota saga begins – innocently enough.
CLIENTS / ALLIANCES
Copyright © 2017 PolicyWorks America


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Ask LaFleur: Can you investigate status of a Starbucks in Greenville?
Elizabeth LaFleur clears up the confusion about the closed Cherrydale Starbucks.
Question: The Starbucks on North Pleasantburg says it's remodeling, but the corporate office said it was permanently closed. Can you investigate?
Answer: Even Google maps listed the location at 3230 N. Pleasantburg as permanently closed, but I'm happy to report, the sign on the door isn't lying.
Starbucks, in my personal experience, is one of the tougher corporations to crack when it comes to getting information about new or changing stores. The coffee chain remained tight-lipped about its new Laurens Road location for months ahead of the opening.
I reached out to Starbucks Wednesday morning for an answer.
While waiting for a response, I visited the store to take photos, saw the note on the door for myself and that was where I found the answer.
The store is, in fact, temporarily closed for remodeling, according to Jon Smith, the superintendent on the project. Smith is a superintendent for R.A. Heath Construction Inc., out of Buford, Georgia. He was at the site Wednesday when I visited.
Smith told me his company has been working on a remodel of the store and hopes it will reopen in July, though he did not want to give a specific date.
A representative of Starbucks responded by email Wednesday night and confirmed what Smith told me: The store is expected to reopen in early July.
The representative said the store will get a refreshed interior and begin serving nitro cold brew when it reopens.
Starbucks currently has 12 other stores with Greenville addresses, including the recently opened store on Laurens Road.
According to the sign on the door at the Cherrydale location, the baristas who normally work at that store are temporarily working at other Starbucks locations in the area until Cherrydale reopens.


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Q: Stuck at tracking a SIGFPE/Arithmetic exception I'm trying to debug a SIGFPE signal that is raised inside a library that I don't have it's source code. I'm using gdb and the asm layout to see what is going on.
These are the instructions before the exception:
   0xcd3fffa <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+830>     fstpl  -0x68(%ebp)
B+ 0xcd3fffd <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+833>     fldl   -0x58(%ebp)
   0xcd40000 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+836>     fstpl  0x4(%esp)
   0xcd40004 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+840>     mov    0x8(%ebp),%eax
   0xcd40007 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+843>     mov    %eax,(%esp)
  >0xcd4000a <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+846>     call   0xcd408c0 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1AnotherMethodNameEd>
   0xcd4000f <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1MethodNameEdddd+851>     mov    0x8(%ebp),%eax

When I type ni to go from the instruction at 0xcd4000a to the one at 0xcd4000f I get the following error
Program received signal SIGFPE, Arithmetic exception.
0x0cd408e8 in name_space::ClassName::AnotherMethodName(double) () at /Path/to/ClassName.h:69

I am not familiar with assembly but I was expecting the instrcution pointer to be 0xcd408c0 where the instructions for AnotherMethodName start. But the instruction pointer has jumped to 0xcd408e8 address. Which is still inside AnotherMethodName() method.
    0xcd408e4 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1AnotherMethodNameEd+36> fldz
    0xcd408e6 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1AnotherMethodNameEd+38> fdivrp %st,%st(1)
   >0xcd408e8 <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1AnotherMethodNameEd+40> fldz
    0xcd408ea <_ZN8name_space11ClassName1AnotherMethodNameEd+42> fucomip %st(1),%st

After the instruction at 0xcd408e8 it jumps to my exception handler.
I have searched a lot to even get to this point. But at the moment I have no clue how I should continue.
I have also checked the floating point registers and they don't seem to contain any weird values.
What is raising this exception?

A: Cannot be fldz since it just sets a register to 0
The exception occurred at fdivrp %st,%st(1)
You said you checked "wierd" values. But above must be a division by zero. Did you check st for zero too? must be zero. No weird, just zero.
FDIVRP ST(i), ST(0)     Divide ST(0) by ST(i), store result in ST(i), and pop the register stack
Edit: not sure of what's happening there. Check the parameters you're calling your third party software with. You may have passed some zero value for say, number of items, maybe because of uninitialized variables which the library does not like.
(sorry for all the guesswork!)


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Q: Failing to trigger checked event on checkboxes I have hierarchy which i need to bind to checkbox for parent and checkboxlist for 1 level children.
Somehow i cannot get to checkboxes(CheckBoxParent_CheckedChanged),checkboxlist's (CheckBoxListChildren_SelectedIndexChanged) select events, without UpdatePanel as well.
Working on it for 4 hours without any result, why i can't enter event when i check some checkbox ?
What am I doing wrong ?
Thanks
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!IsPostBack)
    {
        ListViewCategories.DataSource = CategoryManager.ListHierarchy();
        ListViewCategories.DataBind();
    }
}

protected void CheckBoxParent_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (((CheckBox)sender).Checked)
    {

    }
    else
    {
    }
}

protected void CheckBoxListChildren_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (((CheckBoxList)sender).SelectedItem != null)
    {

    }
    else
    {
    }
}

  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanelCategories" runat="server" ChildrenAsTriggers="true" UpdateMode="Conditional">
       <ContentTemplate>
            <asp:ListView ID="ListViewCategories" runat="server">
                <LayoutTemplate>

                </LayoutTemplate>
                <ItemTemplate>
                    <asp:CheckBox ID="CheckBoxParent" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Key.Name") %>' OnCheckedChanged="CheckBoxParent_CheckedChanged" />

                    <asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxListChildren" runat="server" OnSelectedIndexChanged="CheckBoxListChildren_SelectedIndexChanged" RepeatDirection="Horizontal" DataSource='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Value") %>' DataTextField="Name"></asp:CheckBoxList>

                </ItemTemplate>
            </asp:ListView>
       </ContentTemplate>
   </asp:UpdatePanel>

A: Put the "AutoPostBack" of CheckBox to true.