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You are here: Home / TOPICS / GEOHISTORY / Hardest Working Filmmakers of All Times. The people's movie-makers who made making movies an obsession.
Hardest Working Filmmakers of All Times. The people's movie-makers who made making movies an obsession.
James Jay Carafano
Cheng Pei-pei, one of the first superstars for Shaw Brother films, Come Drink with Me (1966)
Thomas Alva Edison was famously a workaholic who would catnap at his desk between inventing everything-including the movie business. Edison Studios, founded in 1898 made over 1,200 films before it closed its doors in 1918. That's a lot. But, lets look beyond the numbers.
In contrast to the pioneering days of film, in modern times movie making became a bigger, more sophisticated, complex exercise with sound and color. The challenges of getting product in the can for the silver screen dwarfed the tests faced by the first filmmakers in New Jersey.
And remember being a movie maker is more than just being a production company and writing a check. Creating film includes everything from collecting the cash and casting the cast to getting the movie in front of an audience. Few do it all.
So in our times, who really were the hardest working filmmakers of modern cinema? Who were the blue collar movie pioneers who made the most with the least? Who were the movie moguls who made popular culture popular? Who were the hardest working filmmakers of all times?
You might be surprised.
Who are the Shaw Brothers? There were three of them—Runje, Runme and Runde. They started making films in 1925. In the 1960s, the Shaw Brothers, based in Hong Kong, were the most famous names in Asia cinema. What put them on the map was moving from historical romances and musicals to martial arts films. In the day, Shaw Brothers was one of the largest privately-owned studios in the world. Actors were housed in dorms so they could be tapped for work 24 hours a day. Sound crews would be locked in a sound stage, making soundtracks for one film after another adding clanging swords, and the characteristic crack of judo chops and back kicks, slapping wood blocks together. Over the years, the company made over a 1,000 full length productions, until ending movie making in 1987.
Filed Under: GEOHISTORY


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The success of Apple's new video streaming service might come down to price, not content
Apple had better have some pricing tricks up its sleeve.
By Michael Simon
In less than two weeks, Tim Cook and Eddy Cue will take the stage to finally unveil Apple's new video streaming service. The thinly veiled "Show time" event will focus on Apple's new services push, and we're all expecting to get out first look at Apple's new Netflix-style streaming service.
But a new report from Bloomberg's Mark Gurman suggests that the new service might be light on original content. Instead, Apple is reportedly "racing" to nail down third-party premium content for the service to augment the lack of original programming at launch. According to Gurman, Apple's original movies and TV shows are "still in development," and the company isn't planning on releasing its first shows until "later in the year at the earliest."
That could make the launch of Apple's new service tricky. There's a ton of competition from the likes of Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon, and without a hit show to hang its hat on, Apple will basically relying on its users to sign up to get shows they can already watch elsewhere. That could be a tough sell.
Jared Newman / TechHive
Apple's new service may focus on third-party content, not original shows.
Gurman specifically says Apple is in talks to bring HBO, Showtime, and Starz under its streaming umbrella, networks that are all available as add-ons in other services. None of the streaming services available offer packages that include all three of those channels, so Apple would be certainly be offering something unique with a bundled premium service, even with live TV channels to support it. But without exclusive original content to lure people in, Apple needs to find another way to get people to sign on.
Basically, the success of the new video service could come down to an area where Apple usually doesn't compete: price. Even with a better interface, iPhone integration, and integrated Siri search, Apple is going to need to convince a whole bunch of people to cancel their existing subscriptions and sign on to a new one, and the best way to do that is by offering it at a lower price.
Premium but for less
While Apple has had some success with a premium streaming service in Apple Music, video is a different animal. With Apple Music, the appeal is ecosystem convenience and portability. The main sell is easy integration with your existing iTunes library, and Apple Watch and Apple TV integration, so it doesn't necessarily need to undercut Spotify.
Video isn't unique in the way music is. People don't have playlists or curated libraries. Handheld devices aren't as important. We can already get Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, and HBO everywhere and anywhere, so watching it through the TV app on Apple TV isn't a draw. And interface and discovery won't be an advantage either, not like it is with music anyway.
Jason Cross/IDG
An Apple video service won't have the same appeal as Apple Music.
So it all comes down to price. So-called premium networks represent the biggest advantage cable has over streaming services, as operators can bake the price into larger bundles so consumers don't see the cost. When people have to buy each network piecemeal, they're likely to be much more discriminate. That's why streaming services offer each network separately, and I'm willing to bet there are few cord cutters who pay for HBO, Showtime, and Starz a la cart each month.
But let's say they do. With a difference of a few dollars here and there, access to all three networks will cost you roughly $30 a month across most services, with HBO commanding the highest fee at $15 a month. If Apple wants people to sign up for its new service, it's going to need to undercut those numbers if it wants to gain any traction ahead of its slate of original content. We haven't heard rumors of a live service in a while, but if there is a slate of 40 or so channels alongside the big 3 premium networks, something in the neighborhood of $40 would be very enticing.
The bargain bundle
Apple is expected to debut a new subscription news service alongside the new video service, and it's here where Apple could really start to stand out. Few companies offer both streaming video and music, and none offer a paid news service as well. An Apple Media bundle would be a very unique thing, and could tempt hoards of people to rethink their current subscriptions.
On their own, a $10-a-month news service and $30-a-month video service probably won't be all that intriguing, but $30 for all three would be. If you could get all the music, news, and shows you can consume for less than the cost of most live TV streaming packages, that would be killer option, even without any original content.
A bundle with News and Music would be a unique way to sput signups to Apple's video service.
Of course, Apple couldn't be offering a video service at all if it didn't think it would be successful. It's been years in the making, and rumors suggest that Apple and the networks are still hammering out the details behind the scenes, suggesting that Apple's service will be different than Amazon Prime, Hulu, and other services that offer add-on premium channels.
Offering the same content at the same price as its competitors isn't going to cut it. By arriving so late to the game, Apple needs to separate its new service from the others that are out there, and based on Gurman's report, it doesn't look like content will be differentiator.
So Apple had better have some pricing tricks up its sleeve. Otherwise it might find its new video service will have a very short shelf life.
This story, "The success of Apple's new video streaming service might come down to price, not content" was originally published by Macworld.
Michael Simon covers all things mobile for PCWorld and Macworld. You can usually find him with his nose buried in a screen. The best way to yell at him is on Twitter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Susanna du Plessis (1739–1795) was a plantation owner in Dutch Surinam. She is a legendary figure in the history of Surinam, where she has become a metaphor of a cruel and sadistic slave owner. She is the subject of songs, plays, fairy tales and legends as well as books.

Life

Born in 1739 in Paramaribo, Susanna was the daughter of Dutch lawyer Solomon du Plessis (1705-1785) and the plantation owner Johanna Margaretha van Strijp (1706–1769). She descended from French Huguenot refugees on her father's side. Her mother had inherited a plantation after her first spouse. Her father returned to the Netherlands in 1747 and was banned from returning to the colony in 1755.

She married in 1754 at the age of 15 to Frans Laurens Willem Grand (1730–1762); he died early, the marriage having produced no children.  She inherited the big plantation Grand Plaisir from her late spouse at the age of 23 in 1762. In 1767, she married Frederik Cornelis Stolkert (c. 1747 – c. 1804), son of Elisabeth Buys.

Susanna du Plessis was a successful plantation owner who amassed fortune on her plantations: despite being a married woman and thus under the guardianship of her husband in contemporary law, she had secured the right to manage her own property in her marriage contract and was thus able to continue to manage the plantation personally after her second marriage in 1767.  She divorced her second husband Frederick in 1783, accusing him of cruelty and claiming she feared for her life.   She then moved to the capital Paramaribo.

She died in Paramaribo in 1795 and was buried at the gravesite "De Oude Oranjetuin" in Paramaribo.  Her tombstone reads: "Finally I have come to rest". It was placed in the floor of the Reformed church in Paramaribo in 1835.

Legacy

Already during her own lifetime, she was mentioned, though not by name, in publications describing the cruelty of slavery, which contributed to the anti-slavery movement. She allegedly drowned the baby of one of her slaves because it wouldn't stop crying. The most famous story about her cruelty is about the mulatto slave concubine of her husband, Alida, whose breasts she allegedly cut off and served to her husband at dinner.   There is however no confirmation of any of the stories told about her sadistic treatment of her slaves.
It is plausible that she was the subject of a smear campaign by her ex-husband and the governor, who had been a political advisory to her father.

Susanna du Plessis was the object of the play Susanna Duplessis (1963) by Jo Dompig and Eddy Bruma. Her alleged acts of cruelty are also featured in the novel Flarden by Codfried Schreef.

See also
 Anna Jens

References

Footnotes

Further reading

 Ellen Ombre, 'Flarden', in: Idem, Maalstroom (Amsterdam 1992)
 Philip Dikland, 'Koffieplantage Nijd en Spijt aan de Commewijnerivier' (2006).
 Hilde Neus-van der Putten, Susanna du Plessis. Portret van een slavenmeesteres (Amsterdam/Paramaribo 2003).
 Slaven en hun meesteres. Suriname in de achttiende eeuw (2004) [Bronnenboekje bij de tentoonstelling 'Susanna du Plessis, portret van een slavenmeesteres', uitgegeven door de Stichting Surinaams Museum].

1739 births
1795 deaths
Dutch slave owners
People from Paramaribo
Surinamese planters
18th-century women landowners
Dutch planters
Women slave owners

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Regionalbahn (lit. Regional train; abbreviated RB) is a type of local passenger train (stopping train) in Germany. It is similar to the Regionalzug (R) and Regio (R) train categories in neighboring Austria and Switzerland, respectively.

Service
Regionalbahn trains usually call at all stations on a given line, with the exception of RB trains within S-Bahn networks - these may only call at selected stations. Thus, they rank below the Regional-Express train, which regularly stops only at selected stations on its route.

Operators
RB trains are subject to franchising by the federal states of Germany; whilst many RB trains are still operated by DB Regio, the local traffic division of the former monopolist Deutsche Bahn, franchises often go to other companies, like Abellio Deutschland, Eurobahn or Transdev Germany.

There is no obligation to use the term Regionalbahn for basic local services; some private rail operators therefore use their own names to denote their trains.

Stock
RB services make use of vastly different types of rolling stock; on electrified lines, double-deck cars or EMUs may be used, DMUs like the Bombardier Talent.

See also
List of regional rail lines in North Rhine-Westphalia
Train categories in Europe
Regional rail

References

Passenger rail transport in Germany
Regional rail in Germany


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An inclusive Green New Deal: the EU must raise its ambition, confidence and determination
by Kirsty Hughes on 30th July 2019
In our 'Europe2025' series, Kirsty Hughes argues that a Green New Deal can gel the domestic and neighbourhood policies of the union.
Kirsty Hughes
Back in early 2016, although the outlook for the European Union was uncertain, there was a moment when—some hoped, if things went well—the UK would vote to stay in the EU and Hillary Clinton would win the US presidential election, followed by Marine le Pen losing the French presidential ballot in 2017. With 'Brexit' and Donald Trump, however, only Emmanuel Macron remained a candle in the dark by the autumn of that year.
Three years later, as the EU looks forward to a new five-year term, it's still possible—despite, or even because of, Boris Johnson taking over as UK prime minister—that Brexit could yet be defeated in a second referendum. And Trump might lose next year. Yet, equally, UK politics may carry on imploding, driven by the chaotic development of English nationalism. Trump's destabilising of geopolitics and geo-economics may continue (and for sure will have done more damage by the end of next year).
Meanwhile, the EU's other big challenges—from the rule of law and populism to climate change, tackling migration, lack of solidarity, inequality, reform of the eurozone and more—will doubtless remain for much or all of the coming half-decade.
Causes for hope
Yet there are causes for hope too. And, despite Ursula von der Leyen's weak mandate from the European Parliament as incoming president of the European Commission, the commission, the European Council and the parliament now have the chance to develop an overarching new strategy to drive the EU forward in the face of these challenges. Climate change has moved rapidly up the agenda and growing political support for green parties across many EU member states, not least in Germany, is already shifting public and policy debate and concerns.
Support for a Green New Deal is growing in the EU and in the US. The challenge for the EU is to take this on board and make it the centrepiece of its strategy for the coming five years. The risk is that the union will move too little, holding on to its old, cautious approach to industrial strategy and sustainable development.
An innovative and comprehensive new strategy must not be one that retreats to protectionism and old-style 'picking winners'. But it mustn't stick with an equally old-style emphasis on infrastructure and support for research, with all other tools labelled as 'interfering in free markets'. Faced with global competition—not least from China and the US—and a continuing rise in global temperatures, a radical new approach needs to be drawn up.
A major Green New Deal strategy must also put social and economic inclusion and tackling inequality at its heart. The austerity years since the global and eurozone economic crises have left a damaging legacy.
The EU has to show it now puts people first, across all member states, not leaving inequality or lack of prospects for young people to national governments alone. And if the EU, in the face of a growth slowdown or recession in the coming five years, resorts to austerity again, then hopes for an inclusive Green New Deal, showing new purpose and renewed solidarity within and across the EU, will surely falter.
Wider neighbourhood
Against a backdrop of shifting global Realpolitik, the EU faces calls to step up its global strategy and strengthen its foreign and security policy. Certainly, a major shift, with a transformative Green New Deal at its centre, cannot be effected in isolation from global developments, on climate change, trade, development, human rights and security. But the EU should start by looking to its wider region and neighbourhood, where many concerns and challenges exist.
It's easier to list the challenges—from Vladimir Putin's Russia, to a Brexit UK, to an authoritarian and volatile Turkey, to the middle east—than to indicate the solutions. There is much to keep the EU busy.
But the union could use a new green strategy to bring in some of its neighbourhood, in more constructive ways, starting where it has the more straightforward relationships—with Norway and Switzerland among others. Instead of letting the EU-Swiss relationship become more problematic, not least with the side-impact of Brexit upon it, the EU should seek to bring neighbouring countries in, as partners in its Green New Deal, and look for ways to do so with more challenging neighbours, such as the UK and Turkey.
In the context of a Green New Deal, the EU could find it easier to face up to its own demographic challenges and start to treat migration as an opportunity—in many ways a necessity—rather than a threat. Nor will the EU find it easy to fight to defend multilateralism and global institutions, such as the UN, if it is not defending rights at home and in its region, including those of migrants and asylum-seekers.
The EU's reluctance to move ahead with enlargement to the western Balkans—and its divisions over this—does not presage a confident EU in its region, let alone in the world. It's time for progress here too. The start of a new five-year term is a moment to look for renewed confidence, not more defensiveness.
In the short term, the UK's politics look likely to become ever more unstable—one more challenge in the EU's region. The bizarre accession of Johnson as prime minister looks to many in the EU, and in the UK, like the nadir (so far) of Britain's unfolding political implosion.
If Johnson drives through a no-deal Brexit, picking up the pieces will be a bigger job for the UK than the EU. But the union's leaders need to do what they can to support democratic, and pro-EU, dynamics within the UK (as Donald Tusk did as council president in many ways). In the end, the same three scenarios remain: a no-deal Brexit, a Brexit with the withdrawal agreement or no Brexit.
The UK is surely heading for an election within the next year but whether that could be within the next three months—that is to say, before or after Johnson's October 31st Brexit deadline—is an open question. This certainly looks like a crucial period.
There are also ways to relate constructively to different parts of the UK, even as its self-inflicted turmoil continues. If Brexit happens and Johnson stays in power, then support for independence in Scotland could rise sharply. The EU will stay neutral on that—if perhaps more positive on the chances of an independent Scotland acceding to the EU than it was in 2014 (should there be a second independence referendum in the next five years).
But Scotland has, in many ways (and despite the North Sea oil and gas sector), a very strong, constructive, climate-change and sustainable-energy strategy—likewise on human rights. And so the EU, through its range of policies and networks, can find ways to engage with more constructive parts of this awkward state, rather than just putting the whole of the UK in the 'nuisance' category.
New commitment
In the end, solidarity must be at the heart of the next five years. Fragmentation and division in the EU, over migration, rule-of-law challenges, eurozone reform and more, have not served the union well. Solidarity cannot be rebuilt by decree. But placing a Green New Deal at the centre of the EU's policies, despite upsetting a range of vested interests, may provide a route to creating new commitment and buy-in—even while dealing more strongly, not less, with fundamental challenges such as those posed by Hungary and Poland on the rule of law.
The EU's own divisions will not suddenly disappear and differentiation can and surely must be part of a renewed dynamism. But differentiation can only be part of the answer alongside finding strategic routes to building solidarity and commitment to core policies.
It will be a crucial five years—ambition, confidence and determination will be vital.
Home ・ Politics ・ An inclusive Green New Deal: the EU must raise its ambition, confidence and determination
Filed Under: Columns & Interviews, Politics Tagged With: Europe2025
About Kirsty Hughes
Kirsty Hughes is director of the Scottish Centre on European Relations.


He has been teaching since 1990 Fluid-Mechanics courses. He also attended, as member of the local unit, to some European Projects: Eroslope, Tharmit, DFR (Debris Flow Risk), IMPACT. Actually he is involved in IRASMOS, started in the end of 2005.
He has been working for many years on river and torrent engineering, facing sediment transport phenomena under general conditions. He experienced theoretical and numerical approaches, and compared his findings, in most cases, with the experimental evidences obtained on properly designed laboratory facilities.
-mathematical and numerical treatment of two-phase flow over rigid or mobile bed in schematic or complex topography.
-Experimental and numerical assessment of morphological events substantially affected by bed-load transport not aligned with the main stream-direction.
- Rheology of suspension and of granular-liquid mixtures.
- Erosional dam-break with strong implications from the pore-pressure wave in the liquid phase.


As you may know, part of my goal in writing this blog was to have a forum to process things I learn, and of course, to allow you to benefit from my nerdiness in learning. This week, many of my physical therapy colleagues from across the nation are traveling to Indianapolis for the American Physical Therapy Association's Combined Section Meetings—basically a week of excellent presenters, networking, and seeing old friends. Of course, my heart is SO sad that I won't be there this year—so I just had to find a way to learn on my own!
Thankfully, Jessica Drummond clued me in on Twitter to the Becoming the Best Event– a week long summit of (FREE) interviews with top holistic health professionals in the country! I read the bios, and I was in. I have been following Jessica for years (Didn't know you had a stalker, did you Jess?:) ) and I have truly enjoyed learning from her. Jessica is a physical therapist and the CEO and founder of the Integrative Pelvic Health Institute. She has created a unique model of treating the whole person—managing the hormonal and dietary aspects as well as the physical—and she is pretty awesome at doing it! I was fortunate to collaborate with her this past year in caring for a wonderful woman who was experiencing sexual pain, and I can say from my experience that Jessica really did make a difference in her life!
In treating women, Health Care Providers (HCPs) must work to normalize women's health issues. We should all ask about a woman's menstrual cycle and reproductive history the same way we ask about diet, bowel movements and sleep habits. For some reason, women are taught from an early age that our normal cycle is something to hide and be embarrassed about. However, it is so important and can be one of the only clues to us that something is off! Did you know that an abnormal menstrual cycle could even be an indicator of Celiac's Disease? I didn't, until today.
What about high impact activities (running, jumping, gymnastics)? Not "bad" either but can put women at risk for problems if they do not understand how to adequately use their pelvic floor muscles. Increasing pressure on the pelvic floor without adequate timed recruitment can lead to problems like incontinence/prolapse. Jessica recommends that all athletic women should be mindful of their pelvic floors (not always Kegels!) and all HCPs working in wellness should ask questions and encourage seeking help when needed.
Women often ignore the benefits of our hormonal cycles—we are always encouraged to hide it from the time we are 12 years old! Estrogen and testosterone are at its highest right before ovulation (2nd week in the cycle). Women actually have more energy at this time, and will burn more fat when exercising these days! We can capitalize on that by eating a higher fat meal a few hours before we exercise to encourage our bodies to burn more fat. So, at mid-cycle- we should eat less sugar, healthy protein and good fats to encourage our body to utilize the natural hormonal environment. In the second half of the cycle, the body actually prefers using protein as energy! If a woman has a big fitness event at the end of the cycle- she may need to eat more often and will probably need more support since hormone levels are at their lowest. And what about running with gels and gus? Jessica actually says that doing this does not encourage our body to use the right fuels but rather pushes a simple sugar energy.
What about for pregnant women? There are some specific things that can be done to tweek a fitness program and get maximum benefits. First, it is important to recognize that the uterine environment is a very important environment to build. That environment can pre- program the genetic expression of the fetal genes. Weight issues, DM, PCOS, Metabolic issues can impact the environment. Clean eating (low sugar) with regular, healthy eating. Insulin sensitivity decreasing as pregnancy progresses can lead to big blood sugar swings which are also not ideal for womb environment. Eating healthy foods at regular intervals can help- focusing on eating nutrient dense foods, healthy fats and minimal sugars. Exercising (even just walking 30 minutes per day) can also help to control blood sugar and promote healthy blood sugar for the baby. Of note, pregnant women should be careful of actively detoxing during pregnancy and while nursing. Stored toxins are "hidden" from the baby and trying to "release" them can actually transmit those things to baby. That being said, a more intense detox before pregnancy can actually be a good thing.
And lastly, what about us health care professionals? How do we avoid adrenal burn-out? It is essential for us to create a fairly strict list of priorities focusing on our vision for our life: What do you want life and work to be like? What must your health be to support this life? Jessica encourages prioritizing self-care and in an oh so inspiration way, encouraged us to "Be an inspiration for patients rather than being the person resposible for 'fixing them.'" She also encouraged eliminating the guilt we often feel from being unable to cure everyone. She said, "You are not everyone's healer." We cannot heal everyone, but there are specific people out there who need our specific skill sets. Our goal should be to provide the knowledge, wisdom and skills patients need to allow themselves to heal. When they see us as an inspiration, they will take the responsibility to own their healing, wellness and healthcare. And this is a total mindset shift! We don't have to feel guilty when we cannot help someone! And this frees us to really be what we need to be for the people who need us.
Thanks so much Jess for all of this great information! Please check out Jessica's website for more information about her and the awesome work she is doing! If you would like more information on the Becoming the Best Event, please feel free to check it out here! You can access all of the interviews for free for 24 hours after they air, or you can pay $97 to access them whenever you would like!


Oh yeah, that's a major reason why the Argentine crash is so interesting. N137US ended up tail-first and upside-down, and the Argentine plane ended tail-first and right side up.
It seems highly likely that the CAB investigators had in mind something like the Argentine impact sequence when they viewed the wreckage. It sort of fits the description of cartwheel, in a sloppy way. And the tail section being upside-down apparently didn't faze them. But being upside-down is the kiss of death to their model, because it means N137US arrived at the final site with high energy and nose-first, and then flipped over.
I presented the Argentine crash for contrast, not to show the similarity. The Argentine plane crashed just how the CAB said N137US crashed, but the Argentine plane behaved in a completely different manner. That's why (as I said in my document) the Argentine crash refutes the CAB model. If N137US crashed as the CAB said, a backward slide would be normal. But being upside-down, N137US obviously didn't crash that way.
ETA: One of my pilot friends read the CAB report and busted out laughing at the description. He said "so it hit the right wing, and then defied the laws of physics for 800 feet."
Last edited by BRDuBois; 4th Jun 2016 at 01:04.


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The Long Shadow of Small Ghosts
Laura Tillman
About Journalist Laura Tillman
Information about Journalist Laura Tillman, including biographical information and professional experience.
Laura Tillman a journalist and the author of "The Long Shadow of Small Ghosts: Murder and Memory in an American City," (Scribner, 2016). Her work has appeared in The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, Pacific Standard, The Wall Street Journal, Tin House, and Literary Hub, among other publications. She holds an MFA in Creative Nonfiction from Goucher College and a BA in International Studies from Vassar College. She is represented by the Wylie Agency.
She lives in Mexico City where she is at work on her next book.
Simon and Schuster author page here.
We are a boutique floral & event design company located in Seattle, Washington but available for travel. From the flowers to the favors, we strive to bring an extra dose of flair, elegance, sophistication to each event we touch--from an intimate dinner party to a wedding for 300. Your event will be unique to you and always beautiful.
We're currently booking for 2013, so please inquire early to reserve your date.
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Adara and the Beast: A Modern Lesbian Fairy Tale Vol 1
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Written By: Emily Sharp
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Louise Vandercourt lives in a modern day castle, but she does not believe in fairy tales, nor the silly ideas of love that are associated with them. However, she does believe in the power of money and knows it can buy her anything, including the Beauty that walks by her property every day. No one tells Louise no, and no matter what the cost, Louise will have her Beauty by her side forever. Though life seems to be at its worst, Adara Monroe still believes in fairytale endings, and the majestic castle not far from her home may be the very place where it could happen. Love, laughter, and happily ever afters, all these things must be so close . . . When a series of events forces Adara to reside in the castle, she soon realizes that not all fairy tales are filled with happiness and princesses full of love. In fact, some are cursed with darkness and a very cruel Beast. In order for Adara to have the happily ever after she has always desired, she must find a way to break the curse of the castle, and the curse of the one that has taken hold of her as well.
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Castlemaine Steiner School & Kindergarten is a not-for-profit independent school. It is incorporated as a public company limited by guarantee, governed on behalf of its members by the Board of Directors. The Principal and Management Team run the school on a day to day basis.
The educational direction and heart of the school is held by the College of Teachers. The College meets weekly and works with the curriculum, the pedagogy, teacher training and reviews and with student welfare.
There are four Faculties in the school – Early Childhood, Primary School, Middle School and Specialist.
Castlemaine Steiner School & Kindergarten supports and promotes the principles and practice of Australian democracy, including elected representation, the rule of law, equal rights for all before the law, freedom of religion, freedom of speech and association and the values of openness and tolerance.
CSSK Constitution 2014 PDF
Warwick Smith (Chair) – Warwick Smith is co-founder and economist at the Castlemaine Institute. He's also a research fellow at public policy think tank Per Capita and an honorary fellow at the University of Melbourne's School of Social and Political Sciences. He has previously worked as a research economist, consultant and freelance writer. His particular areas of expertise and interest include the economics of ageing populations, environmental economics, taxation economics and the history and philosophy of economics. Warwick also has a background in evolutionary and conservation biology. He has a Bachelor of Science (Hons) from the Australian National University and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne.
Mahesh Kandasamy – Mahesh is a Co-operative Developer working in the community housing sector. She has 20+ years of experience working within banking, social enterprise and microfinance sectors. Mahesh's interest is genuine collaboration where creative social change can flourish. Mahesh has volunteered and held Board positions in the areas of Community Legal Aid, Community Banking, Environmental Law and New Economy. In addition to being on the Board of CSSK, Mahesh is also a Director of Bhive Co-operative a start up technology based business developing a community owned person-to-person sharing economy platform for the Bendigo region.
Joel Reynolds – Joel has 20 years experience in technology and organisational management with a focus on business transformation, governance and solution architecture. He's held senior roles in both corporate and not-for-profit organisations. Joel is currently the Chief Technology Officer of an ASX listed health-tech company. Prior to this he worked with Australian Volunteers International, Seek.com and a number of overseas based organisations.
Amanda McDonald – Amanda currently works at CSSK as a class teacher. She has 15 years experience working in a variety of schools (both Mainstream and Steiner) and has taught various year levels and mixed age groups. Previous experience includes volunteering as a Support Worker, assisting a child with autism using the ABA (Applied Behaviour Analysis) Therapy Program. She holds a Bachelor of Education, Graduate Diploma in Early Childhood Teaching, Foundation Course in Rudolf Steiner Early Childhood Education and a Certificate of Rudolf Steiner Education (Primary).
Anna Campbell – Anna holds Bachelor of Education and Graduate Certificate in Early Childhood Teaching. She has 40 years experience both nationally and internationally teaching Kindergarten, Primary and Classes 7 & 8.
Hilary Blackshaw – Hilary has trained and worked as a professional musician and Primary Teacher, and currently works in mainstream secondary education as a classroom Instrumental music specialist for the Bendigo Instrumental Music Program. Hilary is passionate about inclusive, creative education and loves supporting children to explore and engage with music, wherever their starting point may be. Hilary holds a Bachelor of Music and a Masters of Teaching (Primary), and certificates in Permaculture, Orff Music Education and Brain Care approach strategies.
Keppel Cassidy – Keppel is a social worker who has worked in the mental health field in regional Victoria for the past 6 years. He brings to the board extensive training and experience in group work and interpersonal communication, and many years as a student of anthroposophy. An alumni of the Melbourne Rudolf Steiner School, he is passionate about Steiner education and its vital role in educating the young people who can transform and renew our society. He holds a Master of Social Work from Federation University and a Graduate Diploma of Counselling and Psychotherapy from the Cairnmillar Institute.
The latest Annual Report is available here.
School Funds
The school receives its funding from five main sources:
Tuition Fees and charges received from parents
Commonwealth and State government grants on a per student basis
Capital Works grants and other special purpose grants from the Commonwealth government
Fundraising by parents and other special events
Donations and grants from individuals, groups and philanthropic organisations


Rnd 4 K9, p1, k4, p1, k1.
Rnd 4 P3, k8, p8.
Rnd 4 K1, p1, k4, k9.
Left glove chart, row 47: 10th and 11th sts from end of row should be purls.
Work rows 1 and 2 as written. Rep these 2 rows once more, working rows 3 and 4 of cable/bobble chart.
Next row (WS) P7 (6, 6), inc 1 st in next st; rep from * 6 (8, 10) times more, end p1 (8, 8) – 64 (80, 96) sts.
......Work following chart through row 50 (56).
Next row (RS) Knit across and bind off 27 sts, k until there are 27 sts on RH needle, bind off rem 27 sts.
HOOD Sew shouders tog. Work in seed st across the 17 right front sts, the 27 back neck sts, and the 17 left front sts – 61 sts.
Next (dec) row (RS) Work 28 sts in seed st, p2tog, k1, p2tog, work in seed st to end – 59 sts. Work 1 row even. Rep dec row once more – 57 sts. Using the 3-needle bind off from the WS, join the top of the hood.
Rnd 5 P1, k1, *p2, RT; rep from *, end p2, k1, p1.
Rnd 10 Sts 5 and 12 should be worked as Rev St st, knit on WS.
photos on page 68 and 69. Instructions begin on page 97.
A corrected chart has been posted. Click here to download (PDF 32k).


text:
What Is a Spousal IRA?
You may have assumed that individual retirement accounts (IRAs), like 401(k)s, are only available to employed people. That's only half true, however: An unemployed person can have and fund an IRA if they're married to someone who's employed and the two of them file a joint tax return. It's called a spousal IRA, and you may have good reason to take advantage of one if you're eligible.
Spousal IRAs: The Basics
Contribution limits for spousal IRAs are the same as for regular IRAs. For 2019, that's $6,000 per account, or $7,000 if you're age 50 or older.
You need to file a joint tax return to fund a spousal IRA. If the nonworking spouse filed a separate return, that spouse would be ineligible to make a contribution, since IRA contribution amounts can't exceed the taxpayer's earned income. Total contributions to both spouses' IRAs also cannot exceed the couple's earned income (meaning investment earnings cannot be applied to the contribution limit). Although the spousal IRA is funded from the working spouse's income, it's still owned and controlled by the nonworking spouse.
The deadline for making IRA contributions — spousal or otherwise — in a given year is the deadline for filing tax returns, in April.
Why Start a Spousal IRA?
One reason to start a spousal IRA is to help maximize the amount of dollars you can set aside for retirement on a tax-favored basis. As the contribution limits depend on joint tax filing, they may be higher for you, depending on your and your spouse's individual and household incomes.
In the case of a traditional IRA, you can postpone tax payments until retirement. With a Roth IRA, while you can't take a tax deduction for the contributions you make to that account, you won't be taxed on any of the funds you withdraw at retirement as long as the funds meet both the Roth and IRA requirements. This is because you pay taxes on each contribution you make. Having these options available can help provide additional flexibility for your spousal IRA.
Contribution vs. Deduction Limits
As with regular IRAs, keep in mind there's a difference between contribution limits and deduction limits (i.e., the tax deductibility of traditional IRA contributions) for a spousal IRA. Limits on tax deductions for a spousal IRA contribution depend on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) and whether you're covered by a retirement plan through your employer.
Your MAGI is your gross income, minus certain deductions you might have taken, plus any tax-exempt interest earnings. If the working spouse isn't covered by a retirement plan at work, there's no MAGI-based limit on the deductibility of traditional IRA contributions.
For 2019, if the MAGI reported on your joint tax return is no more than $103,000, you can deduct the full amount of your spousal and other non-Roth IRA contributions. That deductibility begins to phase out between $103,000 and $123,000, and is not available if your MAGI exceeds $123,000.
Roth IRA contributions — including spousal Roth IRAs — aren't deductible, because you pay those taxes up front.
Timing Matters
Starting a spousal IRA sooner rather than later might be beneficial. First, as with all other forms of long-term saving, the sooner you start, the more you may be able to take advantage of compounding interest and earn additional investment returns on your contributions. (That's assuming those contributions grow, however — no investment is guaranteed to earn value, and may instead lose value depending on market activity and other factors.)
Secondly, tax laws change. The opportunity to build on what you as a couple with one nonworking member can set aside in an IRA could diminish in the future. Or contribution limits could be reduced. Or rising income could affect your eligibility for some tax benefits. But it's much more unlikely that any future tax-law changes impacting IRAs would affect what you've already done to help maximize your IRA contributions under today's rules.
Whatever IRA type you choose to open, taxes will still affect your retirement income by subtracting from your withdrawals. But by using a spousal IRA to leverage the best tax-payment strategy for you — whether that be to defer or to pay now — you can at least help reduce the taxes you pay and enjoy more after-tax income in retirement.
Information provided is general and educational in nature, and all products or services discussed may not be provided by Western & Southern Financial Group or its member companies ("the Company"). The information is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or tax advice. The Company does not provide legal or tax advice. Laws of a specific state or laws relevant to a particular situation may affect the applicability, accuracy, or completeness of this information. Federal and state laws and regulations are complex and are subject to change. The Company makes no warranties with regard to the information or results obtained by its use. The Company disclaims any liability arising out of your use of, or reliance on, the information. Consult an attorney or tax advisor regarding your specific legal or tax situation.
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The Netflix reboot of Queer Eye has become an instant fan favourite. What may have seemed like a superficial reality TV show about five gay guys making over straight men has now become the subject of countless op-eds, think pieces and columns - and here is one more. The show has been nominated for four Emmy's. A third season is on its way. We are now living in a post-Queer Eye mediascape. Netflix has introduced us to the mission of five gay men, A.K.A the 'Fab Five' (Antoni Porowski, Bobby Berk, Jonathan Van Ness, Karamo Brown and Tan France), who are here to improve the lives of men one floral shirt and avocado at a time.
Aside from being a tear-jerking, funny and flamboyant show, Queer Eye opens a door to something we usually don't see in TV entertainment: the lives of those in society that have been typically drowned out. But, do the gay men of Queer Eye really represent the LGBT+ community? And, why are the issues they are bringing to the forefront so important? Two PlayGround writers - one gay journalist, Rubén Serrano, and a straight female writer, Anna Freeman - go head-to-head to dissect the show that everyone loves, but no one knows exactly why.
Ruben: The show is called Queer Eye; it features five gay men but it's not queer at all. We cannot say the show represents the LGBT+ community because it only features one capital letter. The 'Fab Five' don't say a word about lesbians or bisexuality, and they don't know much about being transgender (as seen in season two, episode 'Sky's the Limit') – that's why we can't say that they are waving the rainbow flag. Besides, as a gay man, I can barely connect with them. Queer Eye doesn't offer a diverse representation of the gay community. There is a man of Pakistani heritage (Tan), and a black man (Karamo), so they have passed the racial/ethnic test of diversity. But you can feel the heteronormativity otherwise, especially in Antoni and Karamo. It is thanks to Jonathan that a queer side is brought to the table. The show is just a soft, humble, funny vision of what it means to be gay.
Anna: Queer Eye was created with heterosexual viewers – ie. the majority – in mind. And because of that it was always going to be problematic in its representation of the LGBT+ community. As a straight woman, I have found myself watching Queer Eye, crying, laughing, feeling touched by its warmth, and in all honesty, loving it, all the while knowing that at its core is a watered down version of reality for many gay people. At times, the 'Fab Five' touch on the challenges and stigma they have faced as gay men, but it all gets glossed over in comedic soundbites and sassy interventions. I cannot help but wonder if it just conforms to what straight folk want to see; not the reality.
Ruben: The fact this group is called the 'Fab Five' is a statement in itself. They represent the classic socialite gay man: they have fancy lives, cool jobs and look great. They have experienced homophobia, but they are not outsiders anymore. These guys have been able to get over their difference of being gay and now they embrace a comfortable position inside the establishment, meaning luxury, high class and privilege over middle and working class gay men. Queer Eye presents the perfect vision of being gay; but not all gay people can afford the lifestyle they have, the objects they buy, and we can't even think about surrogate maternity (not just because of the economical issues).
Anna: Queer Eye's unabashed endorsement of capitalism is, for me, one of its biggest downfalls. I know the show's conception is built upon nice clothes, hipster food and expensive house makeovers, but the 'Fab Five' and the producers over at Netflix are so consumed by commercialism that it is hard to differentiate the real from the advert. The extraordinary level of bourgeois elitism in Queer Eye is hard to swallow, but what is even harder to swallow is their compulsive fixation with personal commodification. Off-camera, the 'Fab Five' sell themselves so much as personal brands that it encapsulates the worst elements of our influencer culture. Following them on Instagram is being subjected to a bombardment of #happylife advice that is fed to us via capitalism. Each member is making money by selling us a lifestyle and their personalities through numerous brand partnerships, and in that way it is hard to know who or what to trust. I mean, Antoni is the poster boy for Whole Foods now; no surprise as the only he can cook is avocado on sourdough.
Ruben: The most inspiring thing Jonathan and the others do in the show is helping straight guys love themselves and play with masculinity. Being a man doesn't mean you have to drink beer, be the best in your job or be an untidy slob. The 'Fab Five' display with their feathers and their knowledge (sorry Antoni, not you) that you can wear printed shirts, have your beard trimmed and erect a pergola in your garden and still be a man. These are not weaknesses. That's the success of Queer Eye: they question what it means to be a man. However, on the other side of that coin, they can send the wrong message to men about women. A man doesn't need to have a leather couch, ten checked shirts or a dream kitchen to get his wife's or any woman's attention. Those things are a plus, but not a must.
Anna: What makes Queer Eye worthy of critical analysis, for me anyway, is how the show approaches the notion of manhood and its fragility. Toxic masculinity is quite literally killing millions of men – and women - around the world. Typically, suicide among men is twice that of women. So the most admirable element of Queer Eye is the interrogation of masculinity by the 'Fab Five' and how they try to rewire how men on the show perceive their own vulnerability. Something that is evident when watching the show is that each man is struggling with their mental health in some way, and they are finding it difficult to connect with those around them. There is much discussion throughout about failure, isolation, societal pressure, inferiority, and each member of the 'Fab Five' appears to grasp the magnitude of these internal conflicts. And if it all ends, as it usually does, in a whole load of tears, even better.
Ruben: Each one of the 'Fab Five' knows a lot about a particular area (fashion, grooming, design, culture and food/wine), in fact, they are experts in these fields. Queer Eye reinforces one of the most profound clichés about gay people: that they are really good at giving advice about physical appearance because they really care about it. This is so reductionist. Yet, it is true that we, as gay people, have had to learn to love ourselves in a violent environment where we have experienced rejection and prejudice. After embracing our identity, we can decide to empower ourselves and sometimes we do that through finding a passion or a hobby, such as fashion, writing, maths, to name a few. Being comfortable with yourself doesn't mean you have to be 'cool', but it's about truly loving yourself. This is a lesson Karamo, Jonathan and Bobby give us if we listen carefully.
Anna: 'The original show was fighting for tolerance. Our fight is for acceptance,' the opening episode of the Queer Eye reboot boldly claimed. But how much acceptance is too much acceptance? The thing that makes these men - or should make them - so brilliant is their difference, vitality, energy. I can see why they have received criticism for wanting to subscribe to the safe clutches of middle class heterosexuality in the way they makeover the men on the show. 'You have to have be clean shaven or women won't like you' is just one example. Why not let the men have long flowing hair, wear dresses, and have a plaited beard? Now, that would be progressive. Furthermore, the flamboyance and 'extra-ness' of each member of the 'Fab Five', although personally one one of my favourite elements of the programme, does reinforce an age-old stereotype of what being a gay man is.
Ruben: Putting the extravaganza of the show aside, Queer Eye introduces an interesting political dialogue that we don't always see in TV. Listening to Karamo's story about how difficult is to be a black gay man in a straight white society is a really important subject for us to understand. The same goes for Bobby, whose family is ultra-religious and disowned him when he came out during his teenage years. He had to grow up hearing that being gay is a sin. These stories matter, and we need to appreciate their poignancy so we can change society for future gay and LGBT+ generations. We also find out that Tan will become a father via surrogacy, which brings to light an important debate that we, as a community, still need to have: is having children through surrogacy a right of the LGBT+ community? Should we buy babies? Under what conditions are women providing this surrogacy: altruism or economic despair? Can a working-class gay couple afford this?
Anna: Is it too cliché to say that Queer Eye is the heart-warming show we all need during a time of dark political instability? Yes. But there is truth in that, to some extent. I think it is interesting to ask what Queer Eye's place is in society in 2018. For all its shortcomings in representation, there is a subtle yet necessary politicisation of its cultural power. You cannot simply explain away Queer's Eye's explosion in popularity as the prey of reality television junkies. This is a moment, and it matters. As an antidote to Trump's America, in particular, I am not ashamed to say that it warms my cockles to see non-white, progressive, and yes, somewhat out of touch, people occupying an important space in public conversation. When role models are falling from grace all around us, and we are increasingly subjected to the psychotic ramblings of toxic demagogues, how refreshing is it to see five gay guys tell you all you need is a bit of love and self-care?
Love it or hate it, but let's face it, we really need this show.


text:
Louisiana named State of the Year by Business Facilities Magazine
In its fourth annual competition, Business Facilities magazine named Louisiana 2010 "State of the Year." Louisiana's recent business climate reforms, business development wins in 2010, innovative incentive programs, economic growth strategy and world-class workforce training program, LED FastStart, all contributed to the state's selection.
Runners-up in the 2010 "State of the Year" contest included Texas, Tennessee, Utah and South Carolina. Previous winners of the Business Facilities "State of the Year" Award include Tennessee (2009), Michigan (2008) and Texas (2007).
"This is yet another example of the better Louisiana we are building for our children," said Gov. Bobby Jindal. "Since day one, we have made economic development our top priority by cutting taxes, revamping workforce training and reforming our ethics code. We've made incredible progress and fostered an economic environment that is creating opportunity for our people, but we will not rest until all of our sons and daughters can pursue their dreams right here at home. We must continue this strong economic momentum by opposing tax increases on Louisianians and reducing government spending so we can retain jobs and create thousands more for our people."
"The diversity and growth potential of Louisiana's top projects in both high-tech and traditional manufacturing, as well as healthy total investments, overall job creation and innovative incentives made Louisiana a clear winner of our annual 'State of the Year' Award," said Business Facilities Editor-in-chief Jack Rogers. "We were particularly impressed with the diversity of Louisiana's strategy for developing high-growth sectors, including digital media, alternative energy, advanced manufacturing and modular nuclear power plant components."
The Business Facilities editor noted that Louisiana "has emerged unbowed from a series of disasters that would have brought less-determined locations to their knees -- including a major hurricane, an oil spill and the national economic downturn -- and charted a course for the future that positions the state to be a national leader for years to come."
Business Facilities also singled out the recently announced Nucor project in St. James Parish as the Bronze Award winner in the magazine's "Economic Development Deal of the Year" awards contest. "This project will transform the economy of St. James Parish," the Business Facilities editor added.
"This terrific news is a reflection of Louisiana's continued economic progress during a difficult national economic period," said Louisiana Economic Development Secretary Stephen Moret. "This recognition is in large part the result of recent economic competitiveness improvements in Louisiana, including business tax cuts, governmental ethics reform, the creation of LED FastStart and our focus on business retention and expansion. Additionally, this improved ranking reflects the results of our recent business development successes, as well as our aggressive marketing efforts focused on closing the gap between the perception and reality of Louisiana's business climate. While we are pleased with our progress, we are not slowing down -- we are going to keep working hard to strengthen Louisiana's position as the emerging economic powerhouse of the South."
Since 2008, Louisiana has moved up significantly in nearly every major national ranking of business climate, business investment, economic development or economic performance. In 2010 alone, Louisiana has secured a variety of impressive national rankings and improvements in national rankings, for example:
• Pollina Corporate Real Estate gave Louisiana its first ever "Most Improved State" designation based on Louisiana's improved business climate ranking from 2008 to 2010. Louisiana ranked 20th on Pollina's 2010 business climate ranking, up from 27th in 2009 and 40th in 2008.
• Site Selection magazine ranked Louisiana's business climate the ninth best in the nation, which was also Louisiana's first appearance in the top 10. Louisiana was also the most improved state in Site Selection's ranking of top business climates based on its recent jump to No. 9 in 2010 from No. 25 in 2009.
• Site Selection magazine ranked LED as the second best performing state economic development agency in the nation, appearing in the top 10 for the first time.
• Southern Business & Development magazine named Louisiana "Co-state of the Year" for the second year in a row, citing Louisiana's success in attracting more significant business development wins per capita than any other Southern state.
• Business Facilities magazine named LED FastStart the best state workforce training program in the U.S., and ranked Louisiana's business climate eighth best overall in the U.S.
The Business Facilities "State of the Year" Award evaluates each state's top five projects in terms of overall investment and job creation, and factors in the state's execution of its economic development strategy and the diversity and growth potential of its target industries.


Brittany Krywulych has been selected as FM's new Head Softball Coach for the 2018 season. Coach Krywulych is a native of Johnstown and former 2006 graduate of FMCC. She received her bachelor's degree in Early Childhood Education at the College of Saint Rose in 2009 and obtained her Master's degree in 2014 from Walden University in administration, management and leadership.
Krywulych was a four year varsity player on the softball squad at Johnstown High School and played for the Raiders in 2005 and 2006. She brings years of coaching experience and knowledge to the FM softball program. Brittany has been coaching varsity softball since 2008 at both Johnstown and Oppenheim-Ephratah-St. Johnsville. She has also coached varsity volleyball at OESJ since 2007.
FM's athletic director Kevin Jones is optimistic about adding Edwards to the coaching staff. "We are excited to bring Brittany on as Head Coach of the Lady Raiders. She has a lot of experience and is a former FMCC player. I look forward to helping the new staff bring the program to the next level," said Jones.


text:
Lyman Spitzer
Lyman Strong Spitzer, Jr.
Toledo, Ohio, United States
March 31, 1997(1997-03-31) (aged 82)
Phillips Academy
Princeton University (Ph.D.)
Yale University (B.A.)
Research in star formation and plasma physics
Promotion of space telescopes
Doreen Canaday (1940)
Henry Draper Medal (1974)
Crafoord Prize (1985)
Doctoral advisor
John Richard Gott
Bruce Elmegreen
George B. Field
J. Beverley Oke
Trinh Xuan Thuan
Lyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997)[1] was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space.[2] Spitzer invented the stellarator plasma device[3] and is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. As a mountaineer, he made the first ascent of Mount Thor, with Donald C. Morton.[4]
2 Mountaineering
Spitzer was born to a Presbyterian family in Toledo, Ohio, the son of Lyman Strong Spitzer Sr. and Blanche Carey (née Brumback). Through his paternal grandmother, he was related to inventor Eli Whitney.[5] Spitzer graduated from Scott High School. He then attended Phillips Academy in 1929 and went on to Yale College, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1935 and was a member of Skull and Bones. During a year of study at Cambridge University, he was influenced by Arthur Eddington and the young Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Returning to the U.S., Spitzer earned his MA from Princeton University in 1937 and his PhD in 1938,[6] under the direction of Henry Norris Russell.[7]
Mountaineering[edit]
In 1965, Spitzer and Donald Morton became the first to climb Mount Thor 1,675 m (5,495 ft), located in Auyuittuq National Park, on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada.[1]:347 As a member of the American Alpine Club, Spitzer established the "Lyman Spitzer Cutting Edge Climbing Award" (Now called the "Cutting Edge Grant") which gives $12,000 to several mountain climbing expeditions annually.[8]
Science[edit]
Spitzer's brief time as a faculty member at Yale was interrupted by his wartime work on the development of sonar. In 1947, at the age of 33, he succeeded Russell as director of Princeton University Observatory, an institution that, virtually jointly with his contemporary Martin Schwarzschild, he continued to head until 1979.
Spitzer's research centered on the interstellar medium, to which he brought a deep understanding of plasma physics. In the 1930s and 1940s, he was among the first to recognize star formation as an ongoing contemporary process. His monographs, "Diffuse Matter in Space" (1968) and "Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium" (1978) consolidated decades of work, and themselves became the standard texts for some decades more.
Spitzer was the founding director of Project Matterhorn, Princeton University's pioneering program in controlled thermonuclear research, renamed in 1961 as Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. He was an early proponent of space optical astronomy in general, and in particular of the project that became Hubble Space Telescope.
In 1981, Spitzer became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[9]
Spitzer died suddenly on March 31, 1997 after completing a regular day of work at Princeton University. He was buried at Princeton Cemetery and was survived by wife Doreen Canaday Spitzer, four children, and ten grandchildren. Among Spitzer's four children is neurobiologist Nicholas C. Spitzer, who is currently the professor and vice chair in neurobiology at UC San Diego.
Honors[edit]
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1953)[10]
Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1953)[11]
Bruce Medal (1973)[12]
Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1974)
James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics (1975)
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1978)[13]
Franklin Medal (1980)
Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France (French Astronomical Society) (1980)
Named after him
Asteroid 2160 Spitzer
Spitzer Space Telescope
Lyman Spitzer Library in Davenport College, Yale University
Lyman Spitzer Building at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton, NJ
Lyman Spitzer Planetarium at the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, VT
Answer to the final question on NTN Buzztime's Showdown on September 16, 2008.
Spitzer Building in Toledo, Ohio.
Landau-Spitzer Award (American Physical Society) [14]
^ a b Ostriker, J. P. (2007). "Lyman Spitzer. 26 June 1914 -- 31 March 1997: Elected ForMemRS 1990". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 53: 339–348. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0020. :339
^ "Hubble Essentials: About Lyman Spitzer, Jr". Hubble Site.
^ Lyman Spitzer Jr. (1958). "The Stellarator Concept". The Physics of Fluids. 1 (4): 253. Bibcode:1958PhFl....1..253S. doi:10.1063/1.1705883.
^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Lyman Spitzer", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
^ Ancestry of Gov. Bill Richardson
^ "Professor of Astronomy Lyman Spitzer Jr. Dies". Communications and Publications, Stanhope Hall, Princeton U. April 1, 1997.
^ Current Biography Yearbook. H.W. Wilson. 1960. pp. 395–96.
^ Lyman Spitzer Cutting Edge Climbing Award
^ "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter S" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
^ "Grants, Prizes and Awards". American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^ "Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^ "Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society". Royal Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^ "Landau-Spitzer Award".
NASA biography
Papers by Lyman Spitzer at the Princeton University Library
Oral History interview transcript with Lyman Spitzer 15 March 1978, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
Oral History interview transcript with Lyman Spitzer 27 November 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
Biographical Memoirs, National Academy of Sciences
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Christian B. Anfinsen
Werner Arber
James Baddiley
M. Balasegaram
Frank Barnaby
Colin Blakemore
Aage N. Bohr
Harold G. Callan
André Frédéric Cournand
Eduardo de Robertis
Cornelis de Jager
Guy Blaudin de Thé
Jean-François Denisse
Venancio Deulofeu
Frank J. Dixon
Richard S. Doll
Audouin Dollfus
Jacques-Émile Dubois
Francisco J. Dy
John C. Eccles
Paul Ehrlich
Manfred Eigen
Mohammed El Fasi
Ernest L. Eliel
Kenneth O. Emergy
José Rafael Estrada
Hans J. Eysenck
Don W. Fawcett
David J. Finney
Val L. Fitch
Carl G. Gahmberg
Alfred D. Hershey
Gerhard Herzberg
David H. Hubel
Osmo H. Järvi
Reginald V. Jones
Adrian Kantrowitz
Nathan O. Kaplan
Leo A. Kaprio
Vasso Karageorghis
Peter E. Kent
Donald W. Kerst
Seymour S. Kety
Prem N. Kirpal
Georges B. Koelle
Walther Manshard
Georges Mathé
William D. McElroy
Henry McIlwain
John McMichael
Jerrold Meinwald
Harry Melville
Desmond J. Morris
Giuseppe Moruzzi
Nevill Mott
Vernon B. Mountcastle
Robert S. Mulliken
Walter H. Munk
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Louis E. F. Néel
Yuval Ne'eman
Bernhard H. Neumann
William A. Nierenberg
Marshall W. Nirenberg
George E. Palade
Arthur B. Pardee
Jacques Piccard
Jens J. Pindborg
Comlan A. A. Quenum
Hermann Rahn
G. N. Ramachandran
Gunnar Randers
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Rex Richards
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Hakim Muhammad Saeed
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Stuart J. Saunders
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FrenchieSkate is a figure skating benefit show in which 100% of the proceeds benefit North Star Reach- a camp for kids with serious health challenges.
Olympic & World figure skating stars will join together on Friday, February 27 at 7 PM at Compuware Arena in Plymouth, Michigan for a performance benefiting North Star Reach (www.northstarreachorg).
FrenchieSkate 2015 is a rare opportunity for skating fans of all ages to see and meet many of the US and world's greatest figure skating stars perform together.
Like last year's highly successful event in Ann Arbor, this year's show promises to be a particularly historic and joyous evening as a group of athletes at the peak of their training perform together following US Nationals, Canadian Nationals and Four Continents Championships and prior to World Championships.
The FrenchieSkate 2015 cast includes Patrick Chan, 3-time World Men's Champion, 5-time Canadian Champion and 2-time Olympic Silver medalist; Jeremy Abbott, 2014 and 2010 US Olympic Team, 2014 Olympic Team Bronze medalist and 4-time US Men's Champion; Alissa Czisny, 2-time US Ladies Champion; Kaitlyn Weaver and Andrew Poje, 2014 World Ice Dance Silver medalists, 2015 Canadian Champions, 2014/15 Grand Prix Final Champions and 2014 Olympians; Madison Chock and Evan Bates, 2015 US Ice Dance National Champions, and 2014 Olympians; Maia and Alex Shibutani, 2014 Olympians, 2011 World Ice Dance Bronze Medalists and 3-time US Silver Medalists; Alexa Scimeca and Chris Knierim, 2015 US Pairs Champions; Adam Rippon, 2015 US Men's Silver Medalist and 2-time World Junior Champion; Alexandra Paul and Mitchell Islam, 2014 Olympians and 2-time Canadian Ice Dance Bronze Medalists; Madison Hubbell and Zachary Donohue, 2014 Four Continents Ice Dance Champions 2-time US Bronze Medalists; Elladj Balde, 2014 Canadian World Team Member and Canadian Junior Champion; Kaitlin Hawayek and Jean-luc Baker, 2014 World Junior Ice Dance Champions and 2015 US Pewter Medalists; Reyna Hamui, 4x Mexican Ladies Champion; DeeDee Leng and Simon Shnapir, (she a US Junior Ladies Champion and he a 2014 Olympic Team Pairs Bronze Medalist); Georgia Glastris, 3-time Greek Ladies Champion; the Harmony Theatre Company and Evolution Synchronized Skating Team.
Michael Buckley, internet celebrity, vlogger and IceNetwork host returns as emcee of FrenchieSkate 2015. The show is organized by the athletes themselves in association with US Figure Skating, and the Detroit Skating Club.
For more information on FrenchieSkate visit www.FrenchieSkate.com. For more information on North Star Reach visit www.northstarreach.org.


Like many farmers in Weld County, Les Hardesty is feeling the pressure from the recent collapse of the New Frontier Bank of Greeley, the state's largest agriculture lender.
Hardesty, who milks 650 cows west of Greeley, and who is the chairman of the Dairy Farmers of America Mountain Area Council, knows many dairy farmers are concerned they are going to be forced out of business.
"The people in the dairy industry want to stay," he said. "Production is still very strong." But rising feed costs and dropping dairy prices may make that unlikely.
So Hardesty and his friends came up with an idea for a way to make extra money to help them keep their farms.
"We want to build methane digesters on farms and be able to sell the excess power (they'll generate) to power companies and help our city cousins with electricity," he said. "Take fertilizer and generate electricity.
But putting big plans into action takes money, and the dairy farmers don't have any extra money.
Isgar left his state senate seat recently to become the new state director of the USDA Rural Development, an agency with more than 40 programs providing loans and grants to farmers, ranchers and rural folks that can help them with a multitude of needs. Like starting a new business that will help provide renewable energy while saving farms.
"I'd say there's a good chance we might have something that would help," Isgar said. The agency offers loans and grants for renewable energy projects and market development grants, among others, that might help turn Hardesty's dream into a reality, he said.
"A lot are struggling," said Isgar, who was on his way recently to Greeley to tour a lamb cooperative facility.
Isgar wants rural folks in Colorado to know about the programs his agency offers, and he is traveling the state to tell people.
"We have to get people to understand what programs we have, what they qualify for, to come and sit down with our rural directors," he said. Isgar said he is committed to helping the rural communities in Colorado. He encourages folks to come to USDA Rural Development offices to discuss their needs and ideas for projects.
"Trying to keep rural areas strong and vibrant is our goal," he said.
Rural development programs include utilities programs, housing programs, business programs and community development programs. Some of these programs are receiving even more funding through the stimulus funds provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. In the future, new programs also may be added with the extra funding.
"The things that have been going the longest are our housing and rural electrification programs," he said. It was the help rural development provided with their low interest loans that made it possible to bring electricity into sparsely populated areas.
Another program Isgar said he wants to spread the word about is the agency's home repair program.
Loans up to $20,000 are available at 1 percent interest for 20 years. Seniors 62 and older can qualify for grants up to $7,500. Grants do not have to be repaid.
In some years, there is money left over because not enough people knew about the programs and didn't apply. Isgar is determined to change that.
Housing programs are one of his priorities.
Rural development can provide 100 percent of low interest housing loans with no down payment for a 33-year period.
Although rural development doesn't have programs to directly help farmers faced with foreclosure, they can help indirectly. One way is to help provide funding for cooperatives that can help farmers cut the costs to market their products. Another is to fund projects that will help add value to products. Economic development programs can help businesses get started. There are many more.
"We have a lot of good programs. I'm learning them all," Isgar said.
In addition to strengthening the state's rural communities, the biggest challenge that lies ahead for Isgar is in his own agency.


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Hot Reporting Room boosts radiology team at the Countess
A new state-of-the-art Hot Reporting Room has transformed the way the radiology team at the Countess of Chester Hospital is working.
The new facility, complete with soundproof divides, carpets and ceiling tiles, makes it easier for consultant radiologists and reporting radiographers to be more flexible in the way they work and speeds things up for patients waiting for scan results.
"The new Hot Reporting Room has made a huge difference to the way we work. It's made us closer as a team, more efficient and I can't thank all those who helped make it a reality enough," divisional medical director and consultant radiologist Amer Rehman said.
Previously the consultants and reporting radiographers worked in separate offices to complete their hot reporting, which involves carefully reviewing scans such as x-rays taken from inpatients to record if there are any areas of concern for further investigation.
When necessary they would confer over a complicated case, but this would often involve leaving their station to ask a colleague to return with them to provide a second opinion.
Dr Rehman knew from time he spent working at Changi General Hospital in Singapore, which had a communal reporting space, just how much of a difference this type of teamwork can make to both morale and the efficiency of the service.
"Having other people around you sharing their ideas are the benefits you get and they far outweigh the small noise pollution or traffic you get from people walking in and out," Dr Rehman added. "It's a no-brainer really, but it's such an alien concept in this country."
Staff gave up their personal offices and opted to share to free up space for the renovated facility, which was funded through the installation of a new reporting system called Carestream PACS.
The Hot Reporting Room has six workstations with adjustable spotlights, allowing each consultant to select the level of lighting that suits them best. Dr Rehman's team can also adjust the height of each desk to whatever they prefer – they can even report standing up if they choose to – which all makes it easier for them to spend so long every day working at a screen.
:: Dr Amer Rehman recently showcased the Hot Reporting Room on Fab Change Day, which is an annual celebration of innovation across the NHS. We held a number of events at the Countess and you can get more information here: /corporate-information/social-media/fab-change-day.aspx
World Radiography Day 2016
Every year 8 November is World Radiography Day, with this year marking the 111th anniversary of William Roentgen discovering x-rays.
With the new Hot Reporting Room in many ways epitomising how far radiography and radiology have come in that time, it formed part of the Trust's celebrations for it.
Student radiographers Amy, Jordan and Dulovan held a World Radiography Day stand in our main corridor, showcasing various types of scans.


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with a very fast interaction featuring the media library and a new way to take advantage of diffrent logic features in combination.
The heart of the template is the Logic Drum machine which is an extended mapped instrument where its possible to assign 50 stereo outputs and more if you need them. But everything is explained in the tutorials.


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Inicio / Blog Chocolate: Under the tree / Luker Press Room / Luker Chocolate joins Tent Partnership for Refugees
Luker Chocolate joins Tent Partnership for Refugees
Pledging to hire Venezuelan migrants in Colombia
The Tent Partnership for Refugees has galvanized support for refugees from more than 200 businesses around the world, including Luker Chocolate.
As part of its diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives Luker Chocolate will hire Venezuelan migrants into its workforce to join their production plant, committing to an inclusive workplace
March 28, 2022: Luker Chocolate, has today joined the Tent Partnership for Refugees (Tent), a global business network of more than 200 major companies around the world committed to supporting refugees, including by hiring and training them.
With more than six million Venezuelans having fled their country since 2018, neighboring countries in Latin America have gone to great lengths to help Venezuelan migrants economically integrate; yet unemployment among Venezuelans remains exceptionally high. In Colombia, where over 1.8 million Venezuelans have resettled, they face an unemployment rate of 24% as compared to their Colombian counterparts.
Our chocolate business will be always a tool for change
There is a need and an opportunity for businesses to help refugees integrate as they start their new lives in Colombia. Luker Chocolate will welcome and include Venezuelan migrants in its chocolate production plant to promote diversity and inclusion amongst employees. Alongside this, Luker's commitment will also involve making sure Venezuelans receive equitable opportunities to participate in the wider hiring process.
With the offer of specific job positions and ensuring equity in its hiring practices, Luker expects to welcome new hires on April 2022. Collectively, this initiative will support Luker's wider diversity and inclusion strategy, and long-term vision to create shared value at origin.
Strengthening diversity and inclusion for the chocolate industry
Laura Cano, Luker Chocolate's Director of Culture said: "At Luker Chocolate we truly believe that a world with diversity and inclusion is a better place. It is also what makes a difference in a winning culture. For that reason, we are happy to announce our partnership with Tent. It will empower our vision and purpose to work collectively and make the world a better place. We have been actively working with our collaborators and leaders in the diversity and inclusion plan and now we are ready to start this journey in April."
Noni Rossini, Acting Executive Director at Tent, said: "Luker Chocolate is stepping up for refugees at such a critical time, and we are thrilled to welcome them to the Tent Partnership. By hiring refugees, Luker will not only build a more diverse and inclusive workforce, but it will also gain incredibly hard-working and loyal employees. We're so proud of the company's leadership on this effort."
For more information about the Tent Partnership for Refugees, and its member companies, visit tent official site here.
About the Tent Partnership for Refugees
With more and more refugees displaced for longer periods of time, businesses have a critical role to play in helping refugees integrate economically in their new host communities. The Tent Partnership for Refugees mobilizes the global business community to improve the lives and livelihoods of more than 30million refugees who have been forcibly displaced from their home countries. Founded by Chobani's founder and CEO Hamdi Ulukaya in 2016, we are a network of over 200 major companies committed to including refugees. Tent believes that companies can most sustainably support refugees by leveraging their core business operations -by engaging refugees as potential employees, entrepreneurs, and consumers. The full list of Tent members can be found here. Find out more at www.tent.org.
Luker Chocolate expands its Selected Origins line with new Single Origin Ecuador 72% Dark Chocolate
A pure expression of the country's traditional cocoa farming, fermentation practices and terrain. Single-origin products are growing.
Luker Chocolate acquires majority stake in LYRA GROUP
Colombian Chocolate Manufacturer Luker Chocolate (Casa Luker SA), has acquired a majority stake in Slovakian Lyra Group.
Indulgence done right, Luker Chocolate's new Caramelo 33% couverture
The new caramel chocolate combines Luker's signature Cacao Fino de Aroma and sustainability practices with one of the most popular confectionery flavours in the world.


An Archer man reportedly stole a woman�s Mercedes from outside a Gainesville bar, then charged people to drive the car in order to make money to buy crack cocaine.
According to Gainesville Police, Rosemarie Blair of Bronson parked her 2005, four-door Mercedes Benz outside the Backstage Lounge at 1315 S. Main St. around 8:45 p.m. Sunday.
At 5:23 p.m. Monday officers saw the car being driven in the 400 block of NW 8th Ave. The driver reportedly told officers he did not know the car was a stolen vehicle. The driver also told officers he had borrowed it from Lester and offered to lead police to Lester.
Police said Lester agreed to be questioned about the Mercedes and he allegedly confessed to stealing it while Blair was at the lounge. In their arrest report, investigators said Lester claimed he had been lending the car to people for $20 to $40 apiece to make money to buy crack cocaine.
Lester was charged with grand theft and dealing in stolen property. He was being held at the Alachua County Jail on a $30,000 bond on Tuesday.


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The Bobai campaign (博白战役) was a campaign fought between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era and resulted in communist victory. The campaign was part of Guangxi campaign.

Order of battle
 Nationalists:
 III Corps
 7th Army
 48th Army
 126th Army
 Communists:
 43rd Army
 14th Army
 15th Army

After the nationalist offensive in the southern front had been defeated by the advance communist, Bai Chongxi ordered the nationalist III Corps and XI Corps to immediately retreat. The communist forces at the southern front consisted of units of the communist II Field Army and Fourth Field Army begun the pursuit on November 27, 1949. To boost morale, the nationalist commander-in-chief Zhang Gan (张淦) decided to be the last to retreat and his III Corps headquarters remained behind in the town of Bobai (博白), but this was detected by the attack communists in the afternoon of December 30, 1949. Two regiments of the communist 43rd Army was immediately dispatched to attack the town and reached the town by 8:00 PM on the same day. After breaching the defense of the town at the northern and eastern gates, the attacking communists managed to besiege the surviving nationalists at their corps headquarters located in the library building. After fierce street fights, the battle ended on 10:30 PM on December 30, 1949, with communist victory, and Zhang Gan (张淦), the nationalist commander-in-chief of the III Corps was captured alive with most of his staff. Meantime, the forces of the communist IV Corps from regions of Hua (化) county, and Zhangjiang (漳江) had badly mauled the 48th Army of the nationalist III Corps and then also approached the town of Bobai (博白).

While the communists were attacking the besieged the town of Bobai (博白), the nationalist commander-in-chief Zhang Gan (张淦) ordered the 7th Army, 48th Army and 126th Army of the III Corps to counterattack toward the town. In the early morning of December 1, 1949, the three nationalist armies had approached the town of Bobai (博白), but as the nationalists learned that their corps headquarters had been annihilated and their commander-in-chief was captured alive by the enemy, the nationalist morale collapsed. Taking the advantage of the situation, the communist 43rd Army, 14th Army and 15th Army immediately launched an offensive against the three nationalist armies, and by 3:00 pm, the campaign concluded with the most of nationalists killed or captured.

The communist victory of the Bobai campaign (博白战役) resulted in the near total annihilation of the nationalist III Corps, with the exception of a portion of nationalist 126th Army successfully retreating westward. The loss of the nationalist III Corps resulted in the further weakening of the nationalist defense in Guangxi while the communist victory of the Guangxi campaign was further guaranteed.

See also
 List of battles of the Chinese Civil War
 National Revolutionary Army
 History of the People's Liberation Army
 Chinese Civil War

References
 Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000,  (set)
 Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987,  (pbk.)
 Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990,  (set)
 Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
 Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
 Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001,  (set)
 Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
 Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
 Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993–1997,  (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volume 3), 7801370937 (Volume 4), and 7801370953 (Volume 5)

Battles of the Chinese Civil War
Conflicts in 1949
1949 in China
Military history of Guangxi