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Employment Projections: 2012-22 News Release
For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Thursday, December 19, 2013          USDL-13-2393
Technical information:  (202) 691-5700  *  ep-info@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/emp
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS -- 2012-2022
Occupations and industries related to healthcare are projected to add
the most new jobs between 2012 and 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) reported today. Total employment is projected to increase
10.8 percent, or 15.6 million, during the decade.
In addition to projecting employment for each detailed occupation, BLS
depicts the education, related work experience, and on-the-job training
typically needed for occupations. Occupations that typically require
postsecondary education for entry are expected, on average, to grow faster
than occupations that require a high school diploma or less.
This news release focuses on several areas of projections data: labor
force and the aggregate economy, industry employment, occupation employment,
education and training, and replacement needs.
Labor force and the aggregate economy
Projections of the labor force and the aggregate economy serve as the
basis for employment projections. Slower projected growth in the civilian
noninstitutional population and declining labor force participation rates
limit growth in the labor force, which in turn limits economic growth.
--The labor force is projected to grow 0.5 percent per year from
2012 to 2022, compared with an annual growth rate of 0.7 percent
during the 2002-12 decade. Due to the aging baby-boom generation,
workers ages 55 and older are expected to make up over one-quarter
of the labor force in 2022. (See table 1.)
--Projected declines in the labor force participation rates for
both men and women are expected to slow labor force growth. The
overall labor force participation rate is projected to decline from
63.7 percent in 2012 to 61.6 percent in 2022, continuing the trend
from the past decade. (See table 2.)
--Slower labor force growth is expected to limit potential economic
growth. Gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to increase by 2.6
percent annually from 2012 to 2022, slower than the 3 percent or
higher rate often posted from the mid-1990s through mid-2000s.
BLS analyzes future demand for different types of goods and services,
and then projects the employment necessary to produce them. Most of
the 10.8 percent employment growth is projected to be in service-
providing industries.
--The health care and social assistance sector is projected to grow at
an annual rate of 2.6 percent, adding 5.0 million jobs between 2012
and 2022. This accounts for nearly one-third of the total projected
increase in jobs. The growth reflects, in part, the demand for
healthcare workers to address the needs of an aging population. (See
table 3.)
--Employment in the construction sector is projected to grow 2.6 percent
annually. This equates to 1.6 million new jobs over the 2012-22
decade, the most among goods-producing sectors and third most
among all major industry sectors. (See table 3.) Despite expected
fast growth, construction sector employment in 2022 is  projected
to be below the peak level (7.7 million; 2006).
--Five industry sectors are projected to have decreases in employment:
manufacturing (-549,500); federal government (-407,500); agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and hunting (-223,500); information (-65,200); and
utilities (-56,400). (See table 3.)
Occupation employment
Projected industry employment is distributed among occupations based
on how industries are expected to use those occupations.
--Of the 30 occupations projected to have the largest percentage
increase between 2012 and 2022, 14 are related to healthcare and 5
are related to construction. (See table 4.)
--The 30 occupations with the largest projected increase in employ-
ment from 2012 to 2022 will account for 7.4 million new jobs, almost
half of the total projected employment growth. (See table 5.)
--Four major occupational groups are projected to grow more than 20
percent--nearly double the overall growth--from 2012 to 2022: health-
care support occupations (28.1 percent), healthcare practitioners and
technical occupations (21.5 percent), construction and extraction
occupations (21.4 percent), and personal care and service occupations
(20.9 percent). (See table 6.)
--Every major occupational group except farming, fishing, and
forestry occupations is projected to gain jobs between 2012 and 2022.
(See table 6.)
typically needed for occupations.
--Nineteen of the 30 occupations projected to grow fastest from
2012 to 2022 typically require some form of postsecondary education
for entry. (See table 4.)
--Two-thirds of the 30 occupations with the largest projected
employment increase from 2012 to 2022 typically do not require
postsecondary education for entry. (See table 5.)
--Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry
generally had higher median wages ($57,770) in 2012 and are projected
to grow faster (14.0 percent) between 2012 and 2022 than occupations
that typically require a high school diploma or less ($27,670 and 9.1
percent). (See table 7.)
--Occupations that do not typically require postsecondary education
are projected to add 8.8 million jobs between 2012 and 2022,
accounting for more than half of all new jobs. These occupations
employed nearly two-thirds of workers in 2012. (See table 7.)
--Occupations that typically require an apprenticeship are projected
to grow 22.2 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than any other on-the-
job training assignment. (See table 7.)
Replacement needs
Employment growth is not the only source of job openings. BLS also
projects job openings resulting from the need to replace workers who
retire or otherwise permanently leave an occupation. Job openings due
to replacement needs are expected in every occupation, even in those
projected to decline in employment.
--Over the 2012-22 decade, 50.6 million total job openings are
expected. While growth will lead to many openings, more than two-
thirds--67.2 percent--are projected to come from replacement needs.
--In more than 4 out of 5 occupations, openings from replacement
needs are projected to exceed openings from growth.
--Nearly two-thirds of all job openings are expected to be in
occupations that typically do not require postsecondary education for
entry. (See table 7.)
--Twenty-two of the 30 occupations with the largest number of
projected job openings are classified as not typically requiring
postsecondary education. (See table 8.)
The BLS projections are used by high school students and their teachers
and parents, college students, career changers, and career development
and guidance specialists. The projections are the foundation of the
BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, one of the nation's most widely used
career information resources. The projections are also used by state
workforce agencies to prepare state and area projections that, together
with the national projections, are widely used by policymakers and
education and training officials to make decisions about education and
training policy, funding, and program offerings. In addition, other
federal agencies, researchers, and academics use the projections to
understand trends in the economy and labor market. New projections are
released every 2 years.
More detailed information on the 2012-22 projections appears in five
articles in the Monthly Labor Review. Links to these articles are
available at www.bls.gov/emp/publications.htm.
Tables with projections data, including but not limited to what was
highlighted in this release, are available online at
www.bls.gov/emp/tables.htm. Detailed information about the projections
methods is available at www.bls.gov/emp/ep_projections_methods.htm.
More information about the education and training system is available
at www.bls.gov/emp/ep_education_training_system.htm.
A graphic representation of projections highlights appears in the
Winter 2013-14 issue of the Occupational Outlook Quarterly, available
online at www.bls.gov/ooq.
The 2014-15 edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) will
feature the 2012-22 projections. The OOH includes information about
work activities, wages, education and training requirements, the job
outlook, and more for 580 detailed occupations in 334 profiles. The
updated OOH will be available online on January 8, 2014, at www.bls.gov/ooh.
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Services: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Civilian labor force by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1992, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022
(In thousands]
Group                             Level                      Change                Percent change        Percent distribution    Annual growth rate
(percent)
1992      2002      2012      2022   1992-   2002-  2012-   1992-  2002-  2012-    1992  2002  2012  2022   1992-  2002-  2012-
2002    2012   2022    2002   2012   2022                              2002   2012   2022
Total, 16 years and older     128,105   144,863   154,975   163,450  16,758  10,112  8,475    13.1    7.0    5.5   100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0     1.2    0.7    0.5
Age, years:
16 to 24.................   21,617    22,366    21,285    18,462     749  -1,081 -2,823     3.5   -4.8  -13.3    16.9  15.4  13.7  11.3     0.3   -0.5   -1.4
25 to 54.................   91,429   101,720   101,253   103,195  10,292    -467  1,942    11.3   -0.5    1.9    71.4  70.2  65.3  63.1     1.1   -0.0    0.2
55 and older.............   15,060    20,777    32,437    41,793   5,717  11,660  9,356    38.0   56.1   28.8    11.8  14.3  20.9  25.6     3.3    4.6    2.6
Men......................   69,964    77,500    82,327    86,913   7,536   4,827  4,586    10.8    6.2    5.6    54.6  53.5  53.1  53.2     1.0    0.6    0.5
Women....................   58,141    67,364    72,648    76,537   9,223   5,284  3,889    15.9    7.8    5.4    45.4  46.5  46.9  46.8     1.5    0.8    0.5
White..................... 108,837   120,150   123,684   126,923  11,313   3,534  3,239    10.4    2.9    2.6    85.0  82.9  79.8  77.7     1.0    0.3    0.3
Black.....................  14,162    16,565    18,400    20,247   2,403   1,835  1,847    17.0   11.1   10.0    11.1  11.4  11.9  12.4     1.6    1.1    1.0
Asian.....................   5,106     6,604     8,188    10,135   1,498   1,584  1,947    29.3   24.0   23.8     4.0   4.6   5.3   6.2     2.6    2.2    2.2
All other groups (1)......      -      1,544     4,703     6,145      -    3,159  1,442      -   204.6   30.7      -    1.1   3.0   3.8      -    11.8    2.7
Hispanic origin...........  11,338    17,943    24,391    31,179   6,605   6,448  6,788    58.3   35.9   27.8     8.9  12.4  15.7  19.1     4.7    3.1    2.5
Other than Hispanic origin 116,767   126,920   130,584   132,271  10,153   3,664  1,687     8.7    2.9    1.3    91.1  87.6  84.3  80.9     0.8    0.3    0.1
White non-Hispanic........  98,724   103,349   101,892    99,431   4,625  -1,457 -2,461     4.7   -1.4   -2.4    77.1  71.3  65.7  60.8     0.5   -0.1   -0.2
Age of baby boomers.......... 28 to 46  38 to 56  48 to 66  58 to 76
1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and
Alaska Native and (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Table 2. Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1992, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022
Participation rate             Percentage-point change      Annual growth rate
Group                     1992     2002     2012     2022      1992-    2002-    2012-    1992-    2002-    2012-
2002     2012     2022     2002     2012     2022
Total, 16 years and older....... 66.4     66.6     63.7     61.6       0.2     -2.9     -2.1      0.0     -0.4     -0.3
16 to 24..................... 66.1     63.3     54.9     49.6      -2.9     -8.4     -5.3     -0.4     -1.4     -1.0
55 and older................. 29.7     34.5     40.5     41.5       4.9      6.0      1.0      1.5      1.6      0.3
Men.......................... 75.8     74.1     70.2     67.6      -1.7     -3.9     -2.6     -0.2     -0.5     -0.4
Women........................ 57.8     59.6     57.7     56.0       1.8     -1.9     -1.7      0.3     -0.3     -0.3
White........................ 66.8     66.8     64.0     61.7       0.0     -2.8     -2.3      0.0     -0.4     -0.4
Black........................ 63.9     64.8     61.5     59.8       0.9     -3.3     -1.7      0.1     -0.5     -0.3
Asian........................ 66.5     67.2     63.9     63.2       0.7     -3.3     -0.7      0.1     -0.5     -0.1
All other groups (1).........   -        -      63.9     63.2        -        -      -0.7       -        -        -
Hispanic origin.............. 66.8     69.1     66.4     65.9       2.3     -2.7     -0.5      0.3     -0.4     -0.1
Other than Hispanic origin... 66.4     66.2     63.2     60.7      -0.2     -3.0     -2.5     -0.0     -0.5     -0.4
White non-Hispanic........... 66.7     66.5     63.5     60.8      -0.2     -3.0     -2.7     -0.0     -0.5     -0.4
(1) The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race
categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native and (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Table 3. Employment by major industry sector, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022
Thousands of jobs             Change        Percent distribution    Annual growth rate
2002       2012       2022       2002-     2012-    2002    2012    2022     2002-    2012-
2012      2022                              2012     2022
Total (1)...................................... 142,294.9  145,355.8  160,983.7   3,060.9  15,627.9   100.0   100.0   100.0      0.2      1.0
Nonagriculture wage and salary (2)............. 131,028.3  134,427.6  149,751.3   3,399.3  15,323.7    92.1    92.5    93.0      0.3      1.1
Goods-producing, excluding agriculture.........  22,486.7   18,360.3   19,554.2   -4126.4   1,193.9    15.8    12.6    12.1     -2.0      0.6
Mining......................................     512.3      800.5      921.7     288.2     121.2     0.4     0.6     0.6      4.6      1.4
Construction................................   6,715.7    5,640.9    7,263.0   -1074.8   1,622.1     4.7     3.9     4.5     -1.7      2.6
Manufacturing...............................  15,258.7   11,918.9   11,369.4   -3339.8    -549.5    10.7     8.2     7.1     -2.4     -0.5
Services-providing............................. 108,541.6  116,067.3  130,197.1   7,525.7  14,129.8    76.3    79.9    80.9      0.7      1.2
Utilities...................................     596.3      554.2      497.8     -42.1     -56.4     0.4     0.4     0.3     -0.7     -1.1
Wholesale trade.............................   5,652.4    5,672.8    6,143.2      20.4     470.4     4.0     3.9     3.8      0.0      0.8
Retail trade................................  15,025.1   14,875.3   15,966.2    -149.8   1,090.9    10.6    10.2     9.9     -0.1      0.7
Transportation and warehousing..............   4,223.8    4,414.7    4,742.0     190.9     327.3     3.0     3.0     2.9      0.4      0.7
Information.................................   3,394.6    2,677.6    2,612.4    -717.0     -65.2     2.4     1.8     1.6     -2.3     -0.2
Financial activities........................   7,847.1    7,786.3    8,537.3     -60.8     751.0     5.5     5.4     5.3     -0.1      0.9
Professional and business services..........  15,976.2   17,930.2   21,413.0   1,954.0   3,482.8    11.2    12.3    13.3      1.2      1.8
Educational services........................   2,642.8    3,346.9    4,022.2     704.1     675.3     1.9     2.3     2.5      2.4      1.9
Health care and social assistance...........  13,555.6   16,971.8   21,965.9   3,416.2   4,994.1     9.5    11.7    13.6      2.3      2.6
Leisure and hospitality.....................  11,986.0   13,745.8   15,035.0   1,759.8   1,289.2     8.4     9.5     9.3      1.4      0.9
Other services..............................   6,129.0    6,174.5    6,823.4      45.5     648.9     4.3     4.2     4.2      0.1      1.0
Federal government..........................   2,766.0    2,814.0    2,406.5      48.0    -407.5     1.9     1.9     1.5      0.2     -1.6
State and local government..................  18,746.7   19,103.2   20,032.2     356.5     929.0    13.2    13.1    12.4      0.2      0.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (3)   2,245.4    2,112.7    1,889.2    -132.7    -223.5     1.6     1.5     1.2     -0.6     -1.1
Agriculture wage and salary.................   1,217.4    1,306.9    1,281.8      89.5     -25.1     0.9     0.9     0.8      0.7     -0.2
Agriculture self-employed and
unpaid family workers.....................   1,028.0      805.8      607.4    -222.2    -198.4     0.7     0.6     0.4     -2.4     -2.8
Nonagriculture self-employed and
unpaid family workers........................   9,021.2    8,815.5    9,343.2    -205.7     527.7     6.3     6.1     5.8     -0.2      0.6
(1) Employment data for wage and salary workers are from the BLS Current Employment Statistics survey, which counts jobs,
whereas self-employed, unpaid family workers, and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting are from the Current Population Survey (household survey),
which counts workers.
(2) Includes wage and salary data from the Current Employment Statistics survey, except private households, which is from the
Current Population Survey. Logging workers are excluded.
(3) Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from
Current Employment Statistics survey. Government wage and salary workers are excluded.
Table 4. Fastest growing occupations, 2012 and projected 2022
(Employment in thousands)
2012 National Employment Matrix title         Employment             Change, 2012-22    Median annual   Typical education          Work experience in a                 Typical on-the-job training
2012         2022          Number  Percent    wage, 2012 (1)  needed for entry           related occupation                   needed to attain competency
in the occupation
Total, all occupations................ 145,355.8     160,983.7      15,628.0    10.8      $34,750       N/A                             N/A                             N/A
Industrial-organizational.............       1.6           2.5           0.9    53.4       83,580       Master's degree                 None                            Internship/residency
Personal care aides...................   1,190.6       1,771.4         580.8    48.8       19,910       Less than high school           None                            Short-term on-the-job training
Home health aides.....................     875.1       1,299.3         424.2    48.5       20,820       Less than high school           None                            Short-term on-the-job training
Insulation workers, mechanical........      28.9          42.4          13.5    46.7       39,170       High school diploma
or equivalent                None                            Apprenticeship
Interpreters and translators..........      63.6          92.9          29.3    46.1       45,430       Bachelor's degree               None                            Short-term on-the-job training
Diagnostic medical sonographers.......      58.8          85.9          27.0    46.0       65,860       Associate's degree              None                            None
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons,....      24.4          34.9          10.5    43.0       28,220       Less than high school           None                            Short-term on-the-job training
stonemasons, and tile and
marble setters
Occupational therapy assistants.......      30.3          43.2          12.9    42.6       53,240       Associate's degree              None                            None
Genetic counselors....................       2.1           3.0           0.9    41.2       56,800       Master's degree                 None                            None
Physical therapist assistants.........      71.4         100.7          29.3    41.0       52,160       Associate's degree              None                            None
Physical therapist aides..............      50.0          70.1          20.1    40.1       23,880       High school diploma             None                            Short-term on-the-job training
or equivalent
Skincare specialists..................      44.4          62.0          17.7    39.8       28,640       Postsecondary non-degree        None                            None
Physician assistants..................      86.7         120.0          33.3    38.4       90,930       Master's degree                 None                            None
Segmental pavers......................       1.8           2.4           0.7    38.1       33,720       High school diploma             None                            Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers--electricians.................      60.8          83.3          22.4    36.9       27,670       High school diploma             None                            Short-term on-the-job training
Information security analysts.........      75.1         102.5          27.4    36.5       86,170       Bachelor's degree               Less than 5 years               None
Occupational therapy aides............       8.4          11.4           3.0    36.2       26,850       High school diploma             None                            Short-term on-the-job training
Health specialties teachers,..........     190.0         258.6          68.6    36.1       81,140       Doctoral or professional        Less than 5 years               None
postsecondary                                                                                degree
Medical secretaries...................     525.6         714.9         189.2    36.0       31,350       High school diploma             None                            Moderate-term on-the-job training
Physical therapists...................     204.2         277.7          73.5    36.0       79,860       Doctoral or professional        None                            None
Orthotists and prosthetists...........       8.5          11.5           3.0    35.5       62,670       Master's degree                 None                            Internship/residency
Brickmasons and blockmasons...........      71.0          96.2          25.2    35.5       46,440       High school diploma             None                            Apprenticeship
Nursing instructors and teachers,.....      67.8          91.8          24.0    35.4       64,850       Master's degree                 Less than 5 years               None
Nurse practitioners...................     110.2         147.3          37.1    33.7       89,960       Master's degree                 None                            None
Audiologists                                13.0          17.3           4.3    33.6       69,720       Doctoral or professional        None                            None
Dental hygienists.....................     192.8         256.9          64.2    33.3       70,210       Associate's degree              None                            None
Meeting, convention, and..............      94.2         125.4          31.3    33.2       45,810       Bachelor's degree               None                            None
Therapists, all other.................      28.8          37.9           9.1    31.7       53,210       Bachelor's degree               None                            None
Market research analysts and..........     415.7         547.2         131.5    31.6       60,300       Bachelor's degree               None                            None
Substance abuse and behavioral........      89.6         117.7          28.2    31.4       38,520       High school diploma             None                            Moderate-term on-the-job training
disorder counselors                                                                                or equivalent
(1) Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 5. Occupations with the most job growth, 2012 and projected 2022
2012 National Employment Matrix title          Employment        Change, 2012-22  Median annual    Typical education       Work experience in a               Typical on-the-job training
2012      2022      Number  Percent  wage, 2012(1)    needed for entry        related occupation                 needed to attain competency
Total, all occupations................   145,355.8  160,983.7  15,628.0     10.8     $34,750       N/A                             N/A                        N/A
Personal care aides...................     1,190.6    1,771.4     580.8     48.8      19,910       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Registered nurses.....................     2,711.5    3,238.4     526.8     19.4      65,470       Associate's degree              None                       None
Retail salespersons...................     4,447.0    4,881.7     434.7      9.8      21,110       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Home health aides.....................       875.1    1,299.3     424.2     48.5      20,820       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Combined food preparation and.........     2,969.3    3,391.2     421.9     14.2      18,260       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
serving workers, including
Nursing assistants....................     1,479.8    1,792.0     312.2     21.1      24,420       Postsecondary non-degree        None                       None
Secretaries and administrative........     2,324.4    2,632.3     307.8     13.2      32,410       High school diploma             None                       Short-term on-the-job training
assistants, except legal,                                                                          or equivalent
medical, and executive
Customer service representatives......     2,362.8    2,661.4     298.7     12.6      30,580       High school diploma             None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Janitors and cleaners, except maids...     2,324.0    2,604.0     280.0     12.1      22,320       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
and housekeeping cleaners
Construction laborers.................     1,071.1    1,331.0     259.8     24.3      29,990       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
General and operations managers.......     1,972.7    2,216.8     244.1     12.4      95,440       Bachelor's degree               Less than 5 years          None
Laborers and freight, stock, and......     2,197.3    2,439.2     241.9     11.0      23,890       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
material movers, hand
Carpenters............................       901.2    1,119.4     218.2     24.2      39,940       High school diploma             None                       Apprenticeship
Bookkeeping, accounting, and..........     1,799.8    2,004.5     204.6     11.4      35,170       High school diploma             None                       Moderate-term on-the-job training
auditing clerks                                                                                or equivalent
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck.......     1,701.5    1,894.1     192.6     11.3      38,200       Postsecondary non-degree        None                       Short-term on-the-job training
drivers                                                                                award
Medical secretaries...................       525.6      714.9     189.2     36.0      31,350       High school diploma             None                       Moderate-term on-the-job training
Childcare workers.....................     1,312.7    1,496.8     184.1     14.0      19,510       High school diploma             None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Office clerks, general................     2,983.5    3,167.6     184.1      6.2      27,470       High school diploma             None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.......     1,434.6    1,618.0     183.4     12.8      19,570       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Licensed practical and licensed.......       738.4      921.3     182.9     24.8      41,540       Postsecondary non-degree        None                       None
vocational nurses                                                                                award
First-line supervisors of office......     1,418.1    1,589.6     171.5     12.1      49,330       High school diploma             Less than 5 years          None
and administrative support                                                                         or equivalent
Elementary school teachers,...........     1,361.2    1,529.1     167.9     12.3      53,400       Bachelor's degree               None                       Internship/residency
except special education
Accountants and auditors..............     1,275.4    1,442.2     166.7     13.1      63,550       Bachelor's degree               None                       None
Medical assistants....................       560.8      723.7     162.9     29.0      29,370       Postsecondary non-degree        None                       None
Cooks, restaurant.....................     1,024.1    1,174.2     150.1     14.7      22,030       Less than high school           Less than 5 years          Moderate-term on-the-job training
Software developers, applications.....       613.0      752.9     139.9     22.8      90,060       Bachelor's degree               None                       None
Landscaping and groundskeeping........     1,124.9    1,264.0     139.2     12.4      23,570       Less than high school           None                       Short-term on-the-job training
Receptionists and information.........     1,006.7    1,142.6     135.9     13.5      25,990       High school diploma             None                       Short-term on-the-job training
clerks                                                                                or equivalent
Management analysts...................       718.7      852.5     133.8     18.6      78,600       Bachelor's degree               Less than 5 years          None
Sales representatives, wholesale......     1,480.7    1,612.8     132.0      8.9      54,230       High school diploma             None                       Moderate-term on-the-job training
and manufacturing, except                                                                                or equivalent
technical and scientific
1 Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 6. Employment by major occupational group, 2012 and projected 2022
2012 National Employment Matrix title and code
Employment                  Change, 2012-22
2012            2022           Number       Percent
Total, all occupations.....................................  00-0000    145,355.8       160,983.7       15,628.0         10.8
Management occupations.....................................  11-0000      8,861.5         9,498.0          636.6          7.2
Business and financial operations occupations..............  13-0000      7,167.6         8,065.7          898.1         12.5
Computer and mathematical occupations......................  15-0000      3,814.7         4,500.5          685.8         18.0
Architecture and engineering occupations...................  17-0000      2,474.5         2,654.0          179.6          7.3
Life, physical, and social science occupations.............  19-0000      1,249.1         1,374.8          125.7         10.1
Community and social service occupations...................  21-0000      2,374.7         2,783.4          408.8         17.2
Legal occupations..........................................  23-0000      1,247.0         1,379.9          132.9         10.7
Education, training, and library occupations...............  25-0000      9,115.9        10,131.7        1,015.8         11.1
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.  27-0000      2,570.9         2,751.6          180.6          7.0
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations.........  29-0000      8,049.7         9,782.6        1,732.9         21.5
Healthcare support occupations.............................  31-0000      4,110.2         5,266.0        1,155.8         28.1
Protective service occupations.............................  33-0000      3,325.3         3,588.3          263.0          7.9
Food preparation and serving related occupations...........  35-0000     11,780.1        12,882.0        1,101.8          9.4
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations..  37-0000      5,522.3         6,213.3          691.0         12.5
Personal care and service occupations......................  39-0000      5,375.6         6,498.5        1,122.9         20.9
Sales and related occupations..............................  41-0000     15,105.0        16,200.5        1,095.5          7.3
Office and administrative support occupations..............  43-0000     22,470.1        24,004.1        1,534.0          6.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................  45-0000        947.2           915.0          -32.2         -3.4
Construction and extraction occupations....................  47-0000      6,092.2         7,394.1        1,301.9         21.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..........  49-0000      5,514.8         6,046.0          531.2          9.6
Production occupations.....................................  51-0000      8,941.9         9,017.5           75.6          0.8
Transportation and material moving occupations.............  53-0000      9,245.7        10,036.4          790.6          8.6
Table 7. Employment by summary education and training assignment, 2012 and projected 2022
(Employment and job openings in thousands)
Education, work experience, and on-the-job training
Employment               Change, 2012-22      Job openings            Median
2012          2022          Number       Percent   due to growth and       annual
replacement needs,      wage,
2012-22            2012 (1)
Typical education needed for entry
Total, all occupations                                    145,355.8       160,983.7       15,628.0        10.8          50,557.3         $34,750
Postsecondary education..............................   48,963.8        55,802.6        6,838.7        14.0          16,975.6          57,770
Doctoral or professional degree...................    4,002.4         4,640.8          638.4        16.0           1,426.8          96,420
Master's degree...................................    2,432.2         2,880.7          448.5        18.4             950.8          63,400
Bachelor's degree.................................   26,033.0        29,176.7        3,143.6        12.1           8,618.7          67,140
Associate's degree................................    5,954.9         7,000.9        1,046.0        17.6           2,269.5          57,590
Postsecondary non-degree award....................    8,554.2         9,891.2        1,337.1        15.6           3,067.2          34,760
Some college, no degree...........................    1,987.2         2,212.2          225.0        11.3             642.6          28,730
No postsecondary education...........................   96,392.0       105,181.2        8,789.2         9.1          33,581.7          27,670
High school diploma or equivalent.................   58,264.4        62,895.2        4,630.8         7.9          17,667.4          35,170
Less than high school.............................   38,127.6        42,286.0        4,158.4        10.9          15,914.3          20,110
Work experience in a related occupation
Total, all occupations..................................  145,355.8       160,983.7       15,628.0        10.8          50,557.3          34,750
5 years or more......................................    4,831.9         5,091.8          259.9         5.4           1,330.9          90,760
Less than 5 years....................................   16,167.7        17,663.5        1,495.9         9.3           4,863.4          52,270
None.................................................  124,356.2       138,228.4       13,872.2        11.2          44,363.0          32,260
Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency
Internship/residency.................................    5,989.1         6,658.9          669.8        11.2           1,997.8          53,570
Apprenticeship.......................................    2,336.9         2,855.2          518.3        22.2             879.8          45,440
Long-term on-the-job training........................    6,876.5         7,448.7          572.2         8.3           2,163.7          41,810
Moderate-term on-the-job training....................   23,057.8        24,968.5        1,910.8         8.3           6,841.0          36,950
Short-term on-the-job training.......................   58,928.4        64,673.7        5,745.3         9.7          22,273.7          22,960
None.................................................   48,167.2        54,378.8        6,211.6        12.9          16,401.3          56,970
Table 8. Occupations with the largest projected number of job openings due to growth and replacement needs, 2012 and projected 2022
2012 National Employment Matrix title                                       Employment         Change, 2012-22     Job openings due to     Median annual   Typical education          Work experience in      Typical on-the-job training needed
growth and replacement   wage, 2012(1)   needed for entry           a related occupation    to attain competency in the occupation
2012      2022       Number   Percent      needs, 2012-22
Total, all occupations...........................................     145,355.8  160,983.7    15,628.0    10.8          50,557.3             $34,750       N/A                        N/A                     N/A
Retail salespersons..............................................       4,447.0    4,881.7       434.7     9.8           1,955.7              21,110       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Combined food preparation and serving workers,...................       2,969.3    3,391.2       421.9    14.2           1,555.7              18,260       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
including fast food
Cashiers.........................................................       3,338.9    3,425.4        86.5     2.6           1,530.0              18,970       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Waiters and waitresses...........................................       2,362.2    2,494.0       131.8     5.6           1,268.3              18,540       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Registered nurses................................................       2,711.5    3,238.4       526.8    19.4           1,052.6              65,470       Associate's degree         None                    None
Customer service representatives.................................       2,362.8    2,661.4       298.7    12.6             941.6              30,580       High school diploma        None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand...........       2,197.3    2,439.2       241.9    11.0             922.5              23,890       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Office clerks, general...........................................       2,983.5    3,167.6       184.1     6.2             810.9              27,470       High school diploma        None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners....       2,324.0    2,604.0       280.0    12.1             717.3              22,320       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Personal care aides..............................................       1,190.6    1,771.4       580.8    48.8             666.0              19,910       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
General and operations managers..................................       1,972.7    2,216.8       244.1    12.4             613.1              95,440       Bachelor's degree          Less than 5 years       None
Nursing assistants...............................................       1,479.8    1,792.0       312.2    21.1             593.6              24,420       Postsecondary non-degree   None                    None
Home health aides................................................         875.1    1,299.3       424.2    48.5             590.7              20,820       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Secretaries and administrative assistants,.......................       2,324.4    2,632.3       307.8    13.2             587.6              32,410       High school diploma        None                    Short-term on-the-job training
except legal, medical, and executive                                                                                or equivalent
Childcare workers................................................       1,312.7    1,496.8       184.1    14.0             570.0              19,510       High school diploma        None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Stock clerks and order fillers...................................       1,807.2    1,801.2        -6.0    -0.3             546.0              22,050       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Accountants and auditors.........................................       1,275.4    1,442.2       166.7    13.1             544.2              63,550       Bachelor's degree          None                    None
First-line supervisors of office and administrative..............       1,418.1    1,589.6       171.5    12.1             508.0              49,330       High school diploma        Less than 5 years       None
support workers                                                                                or equivalent
Construction laborers............................................       1,071.1    1,331.0       259.8    24.3             489.1              29,990       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................................       1,434.6    1,618.0       183.4    12.8             467.7              19,570       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Elementary school teachers, except special education.............       1,361.2    1,529.1       167.9    12.3             467.4              53,400       Bachelor's degree          None                    Internship/residency
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers..........................       1,701.5    1,894.1       192.6    11.3             464.7              38,200       Postsecondary non-degree   None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers...........................       1,124.9    1,264.0       139.2    12.4             422.7              23,570       Less than high school      None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,..............       1,480.7    1,612.8       132.0     8.9             420.7              54,230       High school diploma        None                    Moderate-term on-the-job training
except technical and scientific products                                                                                or equivalent
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers...................       1,603.3    1,674.2        70.9     4.4             419.8              36,820       High school diploma        Less than 5 years       None
Receptionists and information clerks.............................       1,006.7    1,142.6       135.9    13.5             406.9              25,990       High school diploma        None                    Short-term on-the-job training
Teacher assistants...............................................       1,223.4    1,328.5       105.0     8.6             382.6              23,640       Some college, no degree    None                    None
Maintenance and repair workers, general..........................       1,325.1    1,450.3       125.2     9.4             379.7              35,210       High school diploma        None                    Long-term on-the-job training
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.....................       1,799.8    2,004.5       204.6    11.4             370.0              35,170       High school diploma        None                    Moderate-term on-the-job training
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................         738.4      921.3       182.9    24.8             363.1              41,540       Postsecondary non-degree   None                    None
Last Modified Date: December 19, 2013
Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections PSB Suite 2135 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001
Telephone: 1-202-691-5700 www.bls.gov/emp Contact EMP


text:
Police can't get the body of an American tourist killed by a remote, isolated Indian tribe
Alexandra Ma
Indian coast guardThe Sentinelese tribe on the island, pictured here in 2016, has virtually no contact with the world.
American missionary and tourist John Allen Chau was killed by an isolated tribe on the remote North Sentinel Island last week, Indian police said.
Members of the Sentinelese tribe shot him with arrows and buried him on the beach, according to witnesses.
Because the island is so remote, even police don't go there. They are now having trouble recovering his body.
Chau wrote in a last note to his family that he wanted to "declare Jesus to these people," adding: "God, I don't want to die."
Police in India are struggling to recover the body of an American missionary and tourist who was killed by an isolated tribe on a remote island last week.
John Allen Chau, a Christian missionary from Washington state, was killed after members of the Sentinelese tribe apparently shot him with arrows and buried him on the beach in their native North Sentinel Island, Indian police said. He was 26.
The island, which is located in the Andaman Sea off southeast Asia, is off-limits to visitors. The indigenous Sentinelese tribe has virtually no contact with the world, speaks its own language, and lives without modern technology.
Read more: Here's what we know about the isolated tribe that reportedly killed 26-year-old John Allen Chau
Because the island is so isolated, even authorities on India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands – where North Sentinel island is located – don't go there. Police now face a "difficult proposition" trying to recover Chau's body.
Officers are now consulting anthropologists, tribal welfare experts and scholars to figure out a way to recover Chau's body, the Associated Press (AP) reported.
Dependera Pathak, director-general of police on India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands, said, according to the news agency: "We have to see what is possible, taking utmost care of the sensitivity of the group and the legal requirements."
Why Chau wanted to visit the island is not entirely clear. But according to the Washington Post, he wrote in a last note to his family that said: "You guys might think I'm crazy in all of this but I think it's worthwhile to declare Jesus to these people… God, I don't want to die."
Google MapsThe remote North Sentinel Island is between India and Myanmar.
Chau paid a group of fishermen $US325 to take him near North Sentinel on November 15, and used a kayak to paddle to shore, the Associated Press reported. He brought to the islanders gifts such as a football and fish, AP said.
On his first day on the island, Chau interacted with some tribesmen until they grew angry and shot an arrow at him. It pierced his waterproof Bible, the Washington Post reported. Chau then returned to the boat.
He returned the next day. It's not clear what happened next, but the fishermen who transported Chau to the island described seeing tribesmen drag Chau's body along the beach and bury it, the AP reported.
Seven people – including the fishermen, a tourist guide, and one of Chau's friends – have been arrested for helping Chau, police said.
Chau's family wrote in an Instagram statement on Wednesday: "We forgive those reportedly responsible for his death. We also ask for the release of those friends he had in the Andaman Islands. He ventured out on his own free will and his local contacts need not be persecuted for his own actions."
Pathak said police can't confirm Chau's cause of death until his body is recovered.
india insider john-allen-chau-us news news uk north-sentinel-island people sentinelese

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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The El Dorado County Sheriff's Office is overwhelmed with the outpouring of support coming in from all over the nation. Here is some information for those looking for ways to show their support to the Ishmael family and the El Dorado County Sheriff's Office.
Flowers and cards are being accepted at the front lobby of the El Dorado County Sheriff's Office, 200 Industrial Drive, Placerville. These flowers will be distributed to family as well.
An account for the family has been set up through the California Highway Patrol Credit Union. Please click this link if you would like to donate money. https://cahpcu.org/DeputyBrianIshmaelMemorialFund This is the only official donation website.
If you have other means of donations, please email us at donations@edso.org
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text:
\section*{INTRODUCTION}
The interfacing of ultracold quantum gases in quantized optical cavities could offer a preeminent platform for quantum information science and studying fundamental physics~\cite{RevModPhys.85.553,RevModPhys.91.025005,mivehvar2021cavity}. In particular, the manipulation of nonclassical states of quantum light at single (few) photon levels is an important building block in quantum communication~\cite{Duan01}, quantum computation~\cite{Bennett00}, quantum cryptography~\cite{RevModPhys.74.145}, and other emerging quantum technologies~\cite{Giovannetti2011, Georgescu14, Brien09}. Recent experiments involving a single atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (QEDs) have implemented a high-quality deterministic single-photon sources mediated by enhancing the light-matter interaction~\cite{RevModPhys.73.565, RevModPhys.82.1041,RevModPhys.87.1379}.

As to single photons, there have two paradigmatic physical mechanisms by utilizing the conventional photon blockade (PB)~\cite{PhysRevLett.79.1467} and unconventional PB~\cite{Liew10,Tang15}, where the photon emission hosts a sub-Poissonian distribution and antibunching quantum statistics since excitation of one photon will block or eliminate a second photon. Up to now, these two mechanisms as the key techniques for generating controllable single-photon state have been extensively studied. The conventional PB utilizing the large enough strong energy-spectrum anharmonicity of optical nonlinearity, has been theoretical
proposed and experimental advanced in a sequence of setups including atom-cavity QEDs~\cite{Birnbaum2005,Fink08, Tang21}, artificial atoms-cavity system~\cite{Hennessy07, Reinhard2012, Kai15}, optomechanical resonators~\cite{Rabl11,Nunnenkamp11}, waveguide or circuit QEDs~\cite{Liu14,Hoffman11}, and Kerr-type nonlinear systems~\cite{PhysRevLett.121.153601, PhysRevLett.123.013602}. On the other hand, the unconventional PB relies on the construction of quantum destructive interference between different quantum transition pathways~\cite{Bamba2011,Majumdar2012,PhysRevLett.121.043601,li2019nonreciprocal, Tang19}. Therefore the two-photon excitation can be completely eliminated by adding an auxiliary driving field~\cite{Tang19}, multimode cavity field~\cite{PhysRevLett.127.240402,PhysRevA.105.043711} or qubit~\cite{PhysRevA.100.063817, Zhu21}, which can mitigate the strong coupling condition of conventional PB.

In contrast to single-PB,  $n$-photon bundles state which possesses special statistic properties with bunching for single photons and antibunching for separated bundles of photons could offer new resources for exploring intriguing fundamental physics and applications in quantum technologies~\cite{afek2010high, RevModPhys.88.045008}. Remarkably, the $n$-quanta bundles state by utilizing the Mollow physics~\cite{munoz2014emitters,munoz2018filtering}, deterministic parametric down-conversion~\cite{PhysRevLett.117.203602}, Stokes or parity-symmetry-protected multiphoton process~\cite{PhysRevLett.124.053601,PhysRevLett.127.073602}, and $n$-phonon resonance process~\cite{Deng:21} have been proposed. In these significant advances, the high-purity $n$-quanta sources operating at high rates in the far dispersive or strong coupling regime remains a challenge in experiments. Meanwhile, we should note that the conventional PB mechanism is hard to be extended to study $n$-quanta bundles state with building the complicated quantum interference conditions.

Originally these phenomena including single-PB and $n$-photon bundles emission are focused on a simplified Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) that describes a single two-level atom (or equivalent spin-$1/2$ degrees of freedom) interacting with a quantized electromagnetic single-mode optical (acoustic) cavity~\cite{RevModPhys.93.025005,haroche2006exploring}. An interesting question is whether the high-quality $n$-photon emissions in high-spin degrees of freedom systems, which is beyond the standard two-level JCM with requiring strong atom-cavity coupling, can be generated. An affirmative answer will not only enrich our knowledge of the fundamental nature of seminal quantum model in high-spin systems but also provide a broad physics community for applications in quantum physics~\cite{PhysRevLett.127.033602, zhiqiang2017nonequilibrium, PhysRevLett.122.103601, PhysRevLett.127.253601, PhysRevLett.128.153601}.

In this work, we propose to realize high-quality nonclassical photon emission from single-PB to two-photon bundles state for a single spin-1 atom trapped in a high-finesse optical cavity. Compared to the standard two-level JCM, the dressed-state splitting of $n$-photon resonance is significantly increased by tuning the quadratic Zeeman shift in spin-1 JCM. Remarkably, the corresponding strong energy-spectrum anharmonicity emerges beyond the conventional strong coupling regime  as a result of versatile spin degrees of freedom. We show that, with driving the cavity (atom) field, high-quality single-photon (two-photon bundles) emission is observed, corresponding to the large steady-state photon numbers concurrently. In particular, the generated second-order correlation functions for single-photon and two-photon bundle states can be low to $g_1^{(2)}(0)=7.5\times 10^{-5}$ and $g_2^{(2)}(0)=4.9\times 10^{-5}$ at a moderate single atom-cavity coupling, which indicate the strong antibunching for isolated photons and separated two-photon bundles, respectively. Furthermore, the photon emission exhibits strong single-PB to two-photon bundles and super-Poissonian photon state by tuning the light-cavity detuning with interplay of the cavity driven and atom pump fields, which will facilitate the versatile technological applications such as nonclassical optical switchings and high-quality multiphoton sources~\cite{PhysRevLett.127.133603, xu18, Ren2019, Rempe2022, Pan2022}. Our study will motivate the relevant studies in exploring $n$-photon bundles emission in high-spin JCM and significantly enhance our understanding on fundamental nature of the model.

\section*{RESULTS}
\subsection{Model and energy spectrum.}
We consider a single atom subjected to a high-finesse optical cavity, as depicted in Fig.~\ref{scheme}(a). The relevant energy levels include two electronic excited states $|e_1\rangle$ and $|e_2\rangle$, and three internal atomic states from the pseudospin-$1$ ground electronic manifold $|g\rangle$, $|r\rangle$, and $|m\rangle$. In our configuration, the atomic dipole transitions $|g\rangle \leftrightarrow |e_1\rangle$ and $|r\rangle \leftrightarrow |e_2\rangle$ are far-off resonant with the single-mode cavity field, corresponding to the single atom-cavity coupling strength $g_1$ and large atom-cavity detuning $\Delta$. To generate Raman couplings, a classical pump field with Rabi frequency $\Omega_1$ is applied to drive the atomic transitions $|r\rangle \leftrightarrow |e_1\rangle$ and $|m\rangle \leftrightarrow |e_2\rangle$. We should emphasize that the quadratic Zeeman effect within the pseudospin-$1$ ground manifold should not be too large to realize  resonance Raman coupling processes. This approximation can be well satisfied by subjecting to a weak bias magnetic field ${\bf B}$ along the cavity axis (quantization axis). In addition, the optical cavity with decay rate $\kappa$ is driven by a weak laser field with single-photon parametric drive  amplitude $\eta$, and cavity-light detuning $\Delta_c'$. Furthermore, the two ground states $|g\rangle$ and $|m\rangle$ assume coupled by an external two-photon Raman coupling with a weak Rabi frequency $\Omega$. As we shall see below, the atom pump field plays an essential role in realizing two-photon bundles state.

The far-off resonance excited states $|e_1\rangle$ and $|e_2\rangle$ can be adiabatically eliminated in the far dispersive regime, i.e., $|g_1/\Delta|\ll1$ and $|\Omega_1/\Delta|\ll1$. Under the rotating-wave approximation, the interaction Hamiltonian of single atom-cavity system is given by
\begin{align}\label{Hamiltonian1}
\hat{\cal H}_{I}/\hbar&= \Delta_c \hat{a}^\dag\hat{a}+ \Delta_r \hat{\sigma}_{rr}+ \Delta_m \hat{\sigma}_{m}+g(\hat{a}^\dag   \hat{\sigma}_{gr}+\hat{a} \hat{\sigma}_{rg})    \nonumber \\
&+g(\hat{a}^\dag  \hat{\sigma}_{rm}+\hat{a} \hat{\sigma}_{mr}),
\end{align}%
where $\hat{a}^\dag$ and $\hat{a}$ are the creation (annihilation) operator of cavity mode and $\hat{\sigma}_{ij}=|i\rangle  \langle j|$ is the atomic spin projection operators with $i, j=[{g, r, m}]$ labeling the atomic internal states. Here $g=-g_1\Omega_1/\Delta$ is the effective single atom-cavity coupling reduced by the two-photon Raman process, $\Delta_c=\Delta_c' - g_1^2/\Delta$ is the effective cavity-light detuning, and $\Delta_r$ ($\Delta_m$) is the tunable one- (two-) photon detuning of the atom field.

To gain more insight into the system, the Hamiltonian (\ref{Hamiltonian1}) can be rewritten in the spin-$1$ representation
\begin{align}\label{Hamiltonian2}
\hat{\cal H}_{I}/\hbar&= \Delta_c \hat{a}^\dag\hat{a} + \delta_1 \hat{S}_z+ \delta_2 \hat{S}_z^2+\frac{g}{\sqrt{2}}(\hat{a}^\dag  \hat{S}_{-}+ \hat{a} \hat{S}_{+}),
\end{align}%
where $\hat{S}_{x,y,z}$ are spin-1 matrices and  $\delta_1=\Delta_m/2$ ($ \delta_2=\Delta_m/2-\Delta_r$) is the effective linear (quadratic) Zeeman shift. Explicitly, the angular momentum operators are defined by: $\hat{S}_z= \hat{\sigma}_{mm}-\hat{\sigma}_{gg}$ and $\hat{S}_-=\hat{S}_x-i\hat{S}_y=\sqrt{2} (\hat{\sigma}_{gr}+\hat{\sigma}_{rm})$ with $\hat{S}_+=\hat{S}_-^\dag$. Remarkably, the Hamiltonian (\ref{Hamiltonian2}) essentially characterize a spin-$1$ JCM, which is in contrast to the seminal JCM of describing a single two-level atom (qubit) coupling to a quantized single-mode optical (acoustic) cavity~\cite{RevModPhys.93.025005,haroche2006exploring}. In particular, the spin-$1$ JCM of Eq.~(\ref{Hamiltonian2}) possesses a continuous $U(1)$ symmetry characterized by the operator ${\cal R}_{\theta} =\exp[i\theta(\hat{a}^\dag\hat{a}+\hat{S}_z)]$, which yields ${\cal R}_{\theta}^\dag(\hat{a},\hat{S}_-
,\hat{S}_+){\cal R}_{\theta} =(\hat{a} e^{-i\theta},\hat{S}_-e^{-i\theta},\hat{S}_+e^{i\theta})
$. Therefore, a gapless zero-energy Goldstone mode of low-energy excitation can be expected for single-atom superradiance~\cite{science.aar2179}, corresponding to the continuous $U(1)$ symmetry spontaneous breaking~\cite{PhysRevLett.112.173601}.

To investigate the underlying physical mechanism of multiphoton emission in the spin-1 JCM, it is instructive to calculate the energy spectrum of the system by diagonalizing Hamiltonian (\ref{Hamiltonian2}). In the absence of atom and cavity dissipations and driven fields, the total excitation number operator $\hat{N}= \hat{a}^\dag\hat{a} + \hat{S}_z +1$ in our system is conserved, which satisfies the commutation relation $[\hat{\cal H},{\hat{N}}] = 0$. Fixing the excitation numbers of the cavity as $n$, the accessible subspace of Hilbert space is restricted to Fock states with respect to the relevant states $|n, g\rangle$, $|n-1,r\rangle$, and $|n-2,m\rangle$. As a consequence, the corresponding matrix ${\mathcal {M}}$ can be readily obtained by solving the Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation, ${\hat{\cal H}}\Psi={\cal M}\Psi$, with $\Psi=[|n, g\rangle, n-1,r\rangle, |n-2,m\rangle]^T$. Explicitly, the matrix ${\mathcal {M}}$ takes the form as
\begin{align}\label{matrix}
{\mathcal {M}}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
n\Delta_c& \sqrt{n}g& 0\\
 \sqrt{n}g&(n-1)\Delta_c+\delta_1-\delta_2 & \sqrt{n-1}g\\
0 & \sqrt{n-1}g & (n-2)\Delta_c+2\delta_1\\
\end{array}\right),
\end{align}%
We calculate the energy spectrum by diagonalizing the matrix of Eq.~(\ref{matrix}). The corresponding $n$th ($n>1$) dressed state split into three branches in pseudospin-1 ground manifold. Fixing $\delta_1=\Delta_c$, the typical energy eigenvalues of system read
\begin{align}
E_{n, \pm} &=n\Delta_c-\delta_2/2 \pm\sqrt{(2n-1)g^2+\delta_2^2/4}, \nonumber \\
E_{n, 0} & = n\Delta_c, \nonumber
\end{align}%
which correspond to the energy splitting for the dressed states of the higher- ($|n, +\rangle$), middle- ($|n, 0\rangle$), and lower- ($|n, -\rangle$) branches, as displayed in Fig.~\ref{scheme}(b). For $\Delta_c=0$, the middle-branch splitting $E_{n, 0}=0$ reduces to an atomic dark-state
\begin{align}\label{DS}
|n, 0\rangle=\sqrt{\frac{n}{2n-1}}|n, g\rangle  -\sqrt{\frac{n-1}{2n-1}}|n-2,m\rangle,
\end{align}%
which exists only for the multiphoton emissions ($n\geq 2$). It is clear that the $n$-photon resonance with respective to $n$th dressed states satisfy
\begin{align}
\Delta_{n,\pm} &= \left[\delta_2/2 \mp \sqrt{(2n-1)g^2+\delta_2^2/4}\right]/n,
\end{align}%
where the higher- (lower-) branch splitting increases with increasing the negative (positive) value of quadratic Zeeman shift $\delta_2$. Thus the anharmonic ladder of energy spectrum for the $n$-photon dressed states can be further enhanced by tuning $\delta_2$.

For arbitrary constants of the detuning ratios $\delta_1/\Delta_c$ and $\delta_2/\Delta_c$, the exact energy spectrum of Eq.~(\ref{matrix}) can be calculated analytically, but the expression is too bulky to be presented here. In this case, we check that a symmetric structure in the $n$th dressed-state splitting between red and blue light-cavity detunings is observed, corresponding to $n$-photon resonance satisfying $\Delta_{n,-}= -\Delta_{n,+}$. In addition, the $n$th dressed state for the middle branch maintains the dark-state in Eq.~(\ref{matrix}) with $E_{n, 0}=0$ at $\Delta_c=0$.

To further explore the energy spectrum, we plot the typical energy spectrum for different values of $\delta_2$ with fixing $\delta_1/\Delta_c=0.1$, as shown in Figs.~\ref{scheme}(c) and \ref{scheme}(d). As expected, the $n$-photon resonance occurs at the frequency $\Delta_{n,-}$ (red square) by tuning the light-cavity detuning at the red sideband ($\Delta_c>0$). Surprisingly, the two-photon resonance frequency is larger than that of single-photon resonance, i.e., $\Delta_{2,-}>\Delta_{1,-}$,  for $\delta_2/\Delta_c=-0.5$, which is in contrast to the conventional two-level JCM that always exhibit $\Delta_{1,-}>\Delta_{2,-}$ with $\Delta_{n,-}=g/\sqrt{n}$ in the atom-cavity resonance regime~\cite{Deng:21}. Ignoring the cavity driven and atom pump fields ($\eta=0$ and $\Omega=0$), we calculate the $n$-photon resonance $\Delta_{n,-}$ with respective to $\delta_2$ at $\delta_1/\Delta_c$=0.1  in Fig.~\ref{scheme}(e). Interestingly, the $\delta_2$-dependence of $n$-photon resonance $\Delta_{n,-}$ is monotonically increased. In particular, the single-photon resonance $\Delta_{1,-}$ significantly enhanced compared with two-photon resonance $\Delta_{2,-}$ with $\delta_2$ increasing. This leads to the energy level crossing at the single- and two-photon resonances when the quadratic Zeeman shift $\delta_2/\Delta_c$=-0.1. It should be noted that the quadratic Zeeman shift plays an important role in realizing nonclassical $n$-photon sources due to the obviously enhanced energy spectrum anharmonicity.

\subsection{Strong photon blockade for single photons.}
To study the PB for single-photon emission, we first consider the spin-1 system in the presence of cavity driven field with fixing $\eta/\kappa=0.1$ and $\Omega=0$. We check that the energy spectrum is slightly distorted for sufficiently weak driven amplitude of cavity ($\eta/g\ll 1$). Figures~\ref{drivencavity}(a) and ~\ref{drivencavity}(b) display the numerical results for the equal time second-order correlation function $g_1^{(2)}(0)$ and steady-state cavity photon number $n_s$ as a function of light-cavity detuning $\Delta_c$ and quadratic Zeeman shift $\delta_2$. As can be seen, the single-PB exists in a large parameter regime when $\Delta_c$ and $\delta_2$ are tuned. In particular, the strong single-PB  with $g^{(2)}_1(0)<0.01$ is reached around the vacuum Rabi splitting $\Delta_{1,\pm}$ for higher and lower branches of the system (dashed-dotted lines). More importantly, obvious steady-state photon emissions for cavity field are observed in these regions as well, which are highly consistent with the analytic result of single-photon resonance in Fig.~\ref{scheme}(e). Interestingly, both $g_1^{(2)}(0)$ and $n_s$ host the symmetric structures at the red and blue sidebands of light-cavity detuning ($\Delta_{1,-}=-\Delta_{1,+}$), in spite of the dissipations and cavity driven field are fully included.

Figure~\ref{drivencavity}(c) shows the $\Delta_c$ dependence of $g_1^{(2)}(0)$ (solid line) and $n_s$ (dashed line) for $\delta_2/\Delta_c=-0.4$. Particularly, the photon emissions reach the strong sub-Poissonian statics with $g_1^{(2)}(0)=7.5\times10^{-5}$ at the single-photon resonance $\Delta_{1,\pm}\approx \pm\sqrt{2}g$, corresponding to a relatively large intracavity photon number with $n_s>0.03$. In addition, the photon emission at the middle branch ($\Delta_c/g=0$) disappears due to the dark-state in Eq.~(\ref{DS}) which requires at least the two-photon excitations ($n\ge2$). In Fig.~\ref{drivencavity}(d), we plot the typical interval dependence of second-order correlation function $g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ at $\delta_2/\Delta_c=-0.4$ and $\Delta_c/g=\pm1.41$. Clearly, the strong single-PB exhibiting sub-Poissonian distribution with $g_1^{(2)}(0)<10^{-4}$ and photon antibunching with $g_1^{(2)}(0)<g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ is confirmed. To quantify the quality of the single-photon emission, we introduce the fraction of $q$-photon states to total excitation photons, $\tilde{p}(q)=qp(q)/n_s$, where $p(q)={\rm tr}(|q\rangle\langle q| \rho_s)$ measures the steady-state photon-number distribution. As shown in the inset of Fig.~\ref{drivencavity}(d), the photon emission for the single-photon nature reaches to nearly 100$\%$ at $\Delta_c=\Delta_{1,\pm}$. We point out that the decay of the antibunching  for single photons is proportional to $1/\kappa$, which characterizes the lifetime of single-photon emission.

For quantitatively characterizing the influence of $\delta_2$ on the quantum statistics, we plot the optimal $g^{(2)}_{\rm{opt}}(0)=\min [g_1^{(2)}(\Delta_c)]$ and the corresponding photon number $n_s,_{\rm{opt}}$ at the same light-cavity detuning as a function of $\delta_2$, as shown in Figs.~\ref{drivencavity}(e) and ~\ref{drivencavity}(f). With $\delta_2$ increasing, the value of $g^{(2)}_{\rm{opt}}(0)$ monotonically decreases, until it reach the dip with $g^{(2)}_{\rm{opt}}(0)=7.5\times 10^{-5}$ at $\delta_2/\Delta_c=-0.4$, and then  it rapidly increases for $\delta_2/\Delta_c < -0.1$. Moreover, although the $n_s,_{\rm{opt}}$ decreases with the increasing $\delta_2$, the corresponding $n_s,_{\rm{opt}}$ is still relatively large in the strong single-PB regime, which is conducive to generating high-quality single-photon sources. We have checked that  $g^{(2)}_1(0)=7.0\times 10^{-2}$ at $\Delta_c/g=\pm1$ in two-level JCM with the same parameters as spin-1 JCM, which proved that the anti-bunching of PB in spin-1 JCM can be improved by three orders of magnitude. The physical mechanism in spin-1 JCM for generating strong single-PB can be understood by examining the strong energy-spectrum anharmonicity of $n$-photon dressed states. Interestingly, the single-photon resonance $\Delta_{1,-}$ will dramatically increase by tuning the quadratic Zeeman shift $\delta_2$. However, the single-photon and two-photon resonances $\Delta_{1,-}$ and $\Delta_{2,-}$ will merge to a single point at $\delta_2/\Delta_c$=-0.1 [Fig.~\ref{scheme}(e)]. As a result, the single-PB is suppressed at the level crossing between single-photon and two-photon resonance due to occurring of the two-photon excitation.

\subsection{High-quality two-photon bundles emission.}
Now we focus on the two-photon bundles emission by employing a weak atom pump field with fixing $\eta=0$ and $\Omega/\kappa=0.08$. Figures~\ref{drivenatom}(a) and \ref{drivenatom}(b) illustrate the photon quantum statistics of log[$g_1^{(2)}(0)$] and log[$g_1^{(3)}(0)$]  in the $\Delta_c$-$\delta_2$ parameter plane, respectively. In the regime of two-photon resonance $\Delta_{2,\pm}$ (dashed lines), the photon statistics of second- and three-order correlation functions satisfy $g_1^{(2)}(0)>1$ and $g_1^{(3)}(0)<1$, which demonstrate that the two-PB satisfies two-photon super-Poissonian distribution and three-photon sub-Poissonian distribution simultaneously. Interestingly, $g_1^{(3)}(0)$ decreases significantly with the  increasing $\delta_2$, corresponding to the energy splitting for two-photon resonance is rapidly enhanced [Fig.~\ref{scheme}(e)]. Fig.~\ref{drivenatom}(c) displays the corresponding $n_s$ with the same parameters as Figs.~\ref{drivenatom}(a) and \ref{drivenatom}(b). Besides the red and blue sidebands at the two-photon resonance ($\Delta_{2,-}=-\Delta_{2,+}$), the $\delta_2$-independent middle branch of the dark-state also exhibits a large photon emissions at $\Delta_c=0$. The three-peak profile of $n_s$ for nonzero atom pump field is essential different from the two-peak profile with $\Omega=0$ as displayed in Fig~\ref{drivencavity}(b).

In Figs.~\ref{drivenatom}(d) and \ref{drivenatom}(e), we plot the $\Delta_c$ dependence of $g_1^{(n)}(0)$ and $n_s$ for $\delta_2/\Delta_c=0.05$, respectively. As can be seen, the strong PB for two-photon emission exhibiting super-Poissonian distribution with $g_1^{(2)}(0)=1.1$ and $g_1^{(3)}(0)=1.2\times10^{-4}$ can be achieved. Moreover, the maximal photon emission $n_s$ is also observed at  both the red and blue sidebands of the two-photon resonance $\Delta_{2,\pm}\approx \pm 2.4$, which is crucial for applications of high-quality two-photon sources. As to the middle branch with $\Delta_c=0$, which exhibits a super-Poissonian photon statistics with $g^{(2)}(0) > 1$ and $g^{(3)}(0) > 1$. This result can be readily understood via the energy spectrum deduced from matrix (\ref{matrix}). For $\Delta_c=0$, the $n$-photon emission is resonant with an arbitrary photon excitation number $n$ since the energy splitting for the  dressed state $|n, 0\rangle$ is always equal to zero. Indeed, the super-Poissonian photon emission at the middle branch can be ascribe to the resonant multiphoton excitations of the cavity.

To demonstrate the two-photon bundles emission, we further calculate the typical $g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ (solid line) and $g^{(2)}_{2}(\tau)$ (dashed line) versus the interval time $\tau$ at the red sideband of two-photon resonance $\Delta_{2,-}/g= 2.5$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{drivenatom}(f). Remarkably, the bundle-emission nature of the two-photon state is satisfied, where $g_1^{(2)}(0) > g^{(2)}_1(\tau)$ to ensure bunching for single photons and $g_2^{(2)}(0) < g_2^{(2)}(\tau)$ to ensure antibunching for separated two-photon bundles. Moreover, the lifetime of the bunching with respective to single photons and the antibunching for the separated two-photon bundles have the same time scale proportional to $1/\kappa$. We should note that our results reveal a new strategy to realize nonclassical photon emissions from high-quality two-photon bundles state to super-Poissonian dark state.

Compared to strong single-PB generated by driving the cavity field individually, the physical mechanism for realizing strong two-photon bundles emission can be ascribe to the interplay between $\delta_2$ enhanced energy spectrum anharmonicity and pump field $\Omega$ benefiting from the internal degrees of freedom in spin-1 atom. Indeed, the mechanism for generating two-photon bundles emission by using direct atomic transition $|g\rangle  \leftrightarrow |m\rangle$ induced by the classical pump field is analogue to apply a strong two-photon parametric driven, $\eta(\hat{a}^{\dag2}+\hat{a}^2)$. We should note that the tunable multiphoton parametric process requiring a high-order optical nonlinearitiy remains a challenge in experiments of cavity QEDs. More importantly, the high-quality two-photon bundles state is not relying on the strong atom-cavity coupling in contrast to the proposals in conventional spin-$1/2$ JCM with requiring $g/\kappa\sim 10^2$ ~\cite{munoz2014emitters,Deng:21}, which facilitates the experimental feasibility for engineering special nonclassical quantum states.

\subsection{Optical switching between single photon to two-photon bundles emission.}
We now turn to study the properties of the photon emission with combining the cavity driven and atom pump fields, simultaneously. Without loss of generality, we take the Rabi frequency $\Omega/\kappa=0.08$ and the cavity driven amplitude $\eta/\kappa=0.1$. We point out that the energy spectrum is roughly unchanged with these weak driven fields. Figure~\ref{drivenatomandcavity} summarizes the main results of the single photon to two-photon bundles emission in our system. In Figs.~\ref{drivenatomandcavity}(a) and \ref{drivenatomandcavity}(b), we map out the two-order and three-order correlation functions log[$g_1^{(2)}(0)$] and log[$g_1^{(3)}(0)$] as functions of $\Delta_c$ and $\delta_2$, respectively. In particular, the dashed (dashed-dotted)  lines depict the $\delta_2$ dependence of frequency for two-photon resonance $\Delta_{2,\pm}$ (single-photon resonance $\Delta_{1,\pm}$) calculated by diagonalizing $\hat{\cal H}_{I}$. Coexistence of single-photon and two-photon emissions is observed in a large parameter regime when $\delta_c/\Delta_c < 0.04$. Moreover, $\Delta_{1,\pm}$ and $\Delta_{2,\pm}$ merge to a single point when the level crossing between single-photon and two-photon resonances occurs at $\delta_2/\Delta_c =-0.1$.

With the further increasing of $\delta_2$, single-photon emission disappears since the value of $\Delta_{1,\pm}$ is divergence at $\delta_2/\Delta_c= 0.04$, which is highly consistent with the analytically result of energy spectrum in Fig.~\ref{scheme}(e). Interestingly, the purity of two-photon bundles emission can be further enhanced with increasing $\delta_2$, corresponding to $g_1^{(3)}(0)$ rapidly decreases with suppressing the multiphoton ($n>2$) excitations. In particular, as shown in Fig.~\ref{drivenatomandcavity}(c), the local minimum values of $g_1^{(2)}(0)$ and $g_1^{(3)}(0)$ in $\Delta_c$-$\delta_2$ parameter plane  corresponding to the large steady-state photon numbers $n_s$ for both single-photon and two-photon resonances. Moreover, the dark-state at $\Delta_c=0$ also exhibits a large photon emission and super-Poissonian photon statistics with $g_1^{(2)}(0)>1$.

In addition to requiring the antibunching for separated  photon bundles, the $n$-photon ($n>1$) bundles emission at $n$-photon resonance naturally possesses $n$-photon blockade satisfying $n$-photon bunching $g_1^{(n)}(0)>1$ and $(n+1)$-photon antibunching $g_1^{(n+1)}(0)<1$ for only characterizing the single photons. It is worthwhile to mention that there exists the quantum interference for photon statistics with interplay of the cavity driven and classical atom pump fields, which is similar to the construction of quantum interference conditions by employing both cavity driven and microwave fields for spin-$1/2$ JCM~\cite{Tang19}. Finally, our proposal of high-spin JCM can be used to realize nonclassical all-optical switching from the high-quality single photon to two-photon bundles and super-Poissonian photon emission by tuning $\Delta_c$ and $\delta_2$~\cite{Tang21, Volz2012, Chen768}, which may provide a broad physics community for applications in quantum information processing and quantum communication~\cite{munoz2014emitters}.

\section*{DISCUSSION}
Based upon the current experiments in atom-cavity QEDs, we theoretically investigate the strong single-PB to two-photon bundles emission in a trapped single spin-1 atom coupled to a single-mode optical cavity. We show that the energy-spectrum anharmonicity associated with $n$th dressed-state splittings can be significantly enhanced by tuning the
quadratic Zeeman shift in spin-1 JCM. The high-quality single-photon emission with $g_1^{(2)}(0)=7.5\times 10^{-5}$ and two-photon bundles emission with $g_2^{(2)}(0)=4.9\times 10^{-5}$ are achieved by driving the cavity and atom at a moderate atom-cavity coupling, respectively. Compared with the seminal spin-$1/2$ JCM, $g_1^{(2)}(0)$ in our scheme can be reduced by three orders of magnitude with a large cavity photon number. The strong optical nonlinearities are generated by the advantage of versatile spin degrees of freedom in high-spin systems, which helps to weaken the strong single atom-cavity coupling regime required by the seminal spin-$1/2$ JCM. In particular, the photon emissions can be highly tuned from the strong single-PB to two-photon bundles with interplay of cavity and atom driven fields, corresponding to the transition of strong antibunching for isolated photons to separated two-photon bundles. Furthermore, the scheme for realizing $n$-photon emissions with large steady-state photon numbers beyond the strong-coupling limit could be used as high-quality multiphoton sources. Our study offers an exciting opportunity for studying novel nonclassical quantum states by utilizing spin degrees of freedom in high-spin ($S\gg 1$) single atom-cavity QEDs, e.g.,  $^{173}$Yb with $S=5/2$~\cite{doi:10.1126/science.aaa8736}, which could provide a new building-block for exploring fundamental physics and applications in quantum computation~\cite{Pan2022, Rempe2022}. In the same spirit of our approach, we point out that our scheme can be further extended to explore new nonequilibrium phases and strongly correlated many-body physics in $N$-level Dicke model between atomic ensembles and optical cavity~\cite{PhysRevLett.127.033602,PhysRevLett.119.213601,zhiqiang2017nonequilibrium,PhysRevLett.122.103601,PhysRevA.104.063705,PhysRevLett.127.253601,PhysRevLett.128.153601}.

\section*{METHODS}
To investigate the photon quantum statistical properties for spin-1 JCM, we calculate the photon emission by numerically solving the quantum master equation using the quantum optics toolbox~\cite{tan1999computational}.  Taking into account the dissipations of cavity and atom fields, the Liouvillian superoperator $\cal{L}$ associating with the Lindblad-type master equation satisfy
\begin{equation}\label{master equation}%
{\cal{L}}\rho = -i [\hat{\cal H}_I+\hat{\cal H}_d, {\rho}] + \frac{\kappa}{2} \mathcal
{\cal{D}}[\hat{a}]\rho + \frac{\gamma}{2} \mathcal
{\cal{D}}[\hat{S}_{-}]\rho,
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ is density matrix of the single atom-cavity coupled system, $\mathcal {D}[\hat{o}]\rho=2\hat{o} {\rho} \hat{o}^\dag - \hat{o}^\dag \hat{o}{\rho} - {\rho}
\hat{o}^\dag \hat{o}$ denotes the Lindblad type of dissipation, and $\gamma$ is the atomic decay rate of the spin-1 ground state. Here $\hat{\cal H}_d=\Omega(\hat{\sigma}_{gm} +\hat{\sigma}_{mg})+\eta(\hat{a}^\dag+\hat{a})$ represents the weak separably controlled driven (pump) field for cavity (atom) field. We should emphasize that the weak pure dephasing effect for the ground states of atom field is safely neglected.

To identify the photon quantum statistics, the key physical quantity of time interval $\tau$ dependent generalized $k$th-order correlation function for photon emission is introduced as~\cite{munoz2014emitters,Deng:21}
\begin{align}
g_n^{(k)}(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_n)=\frac{\left\langle \prod_{i=1}^k\left[\hat{a}^{\dagger }(\tau_i)\right]^n \prod_{i=1}^k\left[\hat{a}(\tau_i)\right]^n\right\rangle}{\prod_{i=1}^k\left\langle \left[\hat{a}^{\dagger }(\tau_i)\right]^n\left[\hat{a}(\tau_i)\right]^n \right\rangle},
\label{inequation}%
\end{align}
with $\tau_1\leq...\leq\tau_n$. We point out that the correlation function $g_n^{(k)}(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_n)$ can be used to further characterize the $n$-photon bundles state in contrast to the standard $k$th-order correlation function $g_1^{(k)}(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_n)$ which only for isolated photons as defined in Ref.~\cite{PhysRev.130.2529}. For zero time interval $\tau=0$, the equal-time $k$th-order correlation function $g^{(k)}_n(0)$ can be directly obtained by numerically solving the steady-state density matrix in Eq.~(\ref{master equation}) with ${\cal L}\rho_s = 0$, corresponding to the steady-state intracavity photon number ${n}_s = \langle \hat{a}^\dag \hat{a}\rangle$. Furthermore, the time-dependent multiphoton correlation function $g_n^{(k)}(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_n)$ can be calculated by using quantum regression theorem with $\tau_1<\ldots <\tau_n$~\cite{carmichael2013statistical}.

The criteria of the correlation function for single-PB should satisfy two conditions: $g_1^{(2)}(0)<1$  to guarantee sub-Poissonian photon statistics and $g_1^{(2)}(0)<g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ to guarantee photon antibunching. Similarly, the conditions for $n$-photon PB are $g_1^{(n)}(0) >1$ and  $g_1^{(n+1)}(0) < 1$  to ensure the $n$th-order super-Poissonian and $(n + 1)$th-order sub-Poissonian photon statistics simultaneously, and $g_1^{(2)}(0)>g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ to ensure the photon-bunching for isolated photons~\cite{PhysRevLett.118.133604,PhysRevLett.121.153601}. For $n$-photon bundles state, an additional condition of $g_n^{(2)}(0)<g_n^{(2)}(\tau)$ is needed to ensure the photon antibunching between separated $n$-photon bundles~\cite{munoz2014emitters, Deng:21}. As to the experimental feasibility, the second-order correlation function $g_1^{(2)}(\tau)$ can be directly extracted via a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer~\cite{Birnbaum2005}.  The experimental measurement of $g_2^{(2)}(\tau)$ can be achieved by using two-photon absorption in semiconductor photon detectors~\cite{Boitier:2009aa}.

Finally, the proposed $n$-photon emissions in spin-$1$ JCM can be realized in single ground $F=1$ alkaline-metal atoms, which has been demonstrated the capability in current experiments for single multi-level atom confined in a high-finesse cavity, e.g., $^{87}$Rb~\cite{mucke2010electromagnetically}. In our numerical simulation, the decay rate $\kappa=2\pi\times160$ kHz of the high-finesse optical cavity is set as typical energy unit of the system~\cite{sciadv.1601231}. We consider a single atom-cavity coupling $g/\kappa=6$ and a long-lived decay rate of the atomic ground state $\gamma/\kappa=0.01$. For convenience, the linear Zeeman splitting was fixed as $\delta_1/\Delta_c=0.1$. As a result, the tunable parameters in our system include light-cavity detuning $\Delta_c$, cavity driven strength $\eta$, Rabi frequency of the classical pump field $\Omega$, and quadratic Zeeman shift $\delta_2$. Without loss of generality, the strong PB of $k$-photon emissions is defined as $g_1^{(k)}(0)<0.01$.

\section*{DATA AVAILABILITY}
\noindent
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}
\noindent
This work was supported by the National Key R$\&$D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0307500) and NSFC (Grant No. 12274473, Grant No. 12135018, Grant No. 11874433, Grant No. 11804409).

\section*{AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS}
\noindent
J.T. and Y.D. conceived the idea and wrote the manuscript. J.T. performed the theoretical and numerical calculations. J.T. and Y.D. supervised the project.

\section*{COMPETING INTERESTS}
\noindent
The authors declare no competing interests.

\section*{REFERENCES}
\noindent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Taking all these choices is the greatest thing in writing a newsletter. It' a snap, because you've already set when and how often you want to submit your newletter. All you have to do now is schedule a few month in advance so that you have enough free space to research, assign, shape and produce the contents for your e-mail newsletter.
Integrate your newsletter with other digital assets management efforts (including e-mail campaign, blogs, e-books, corporate news, and more) with the same calendars: The making of the pre-selections can be the most important thing when you start a newsletter, but the most difficult part of writing a newsletter is usually the creation of the contents.
That' s one of the reasons why it's important to schedule an editing schedule - so you can see other contents that you can reuse for your newsletter or that could form the basis for your newsletter news. The writing of newsletter contents is also the most frequently assigned or swapped out. It is not so important who is writing the newsletter contents, as this Newsfangled report shows, but that everyone concerned understands the main points of emphasis, objectives and styles that are important for the effectiveness of the advertising campaignm.
The following hints will help you to get up and running when you create a newsletter for the first a year. The majority of e-mail marketing applications contain introductory e-mail designs or you can choose to get a variety of free Microsoft Office e-mail marketing tools. Waiting a whole weekend, then collecting and analyzing all the information from the last newsletter.
Maintain an overview of important e-mailimetrics - opening, impact, unsubscribe - and any related information. If the last newsletter was designed to increase commitment, for example, you will want to follow it: Writing a newsletter?


Hair loss is an issue that almost every one of us will face at various times in our life. The condition can affect both men and women. For some, hair loss can be minor and temporary and will resume a normal growth pattern once the underlying cause of the problem is removed. However, others can find their hair loss is permanent, occurring in different patterns and affecting not just the scalp, but the entire body.
The medical term for hair loss is alopecia. It can cause a significant amount of worry and anxiety, but depending on the cause of the hair loss, it can be managed and possibly even treated.
The most common type of hair loss is androgenic alopecia. This is also known as male or female pattern hair loss. The condition is known to affect individuals as they age and is estimated to affect almost 50% of men by the time they reach the age of fifty but can start as early as puberty.
Androgenic alopecia is a genetic disorder. In men, it typically will present in a distinct pattern. Usually, the hair will begin to thin out at the temples and progress towards the forehead causing a receding hairline. A bald patch eventually develops on the crown of the head, and many men end up losing all their hair from the top of their head. In women, female pattern hair loss can present with hair thinning over the top of the head and the parting in the hair line becoming wider. Some women find they have episodes of excessive hair shedding which can be an emotionally distressing time for them.
The condition is caused by the hair follicles being highly sensitive to male hormones (androgens) and results in the hair progressively growing finer and shorter. This increase in sensitivity is inherited, and the age at which the hair loss begins and how much hair is lost seems to run in patterns within families.
Currently, treatments are available which can prevent and slow down the amount of hair loss. In some successful cases, the treatments can even promote hair regrowth.
Minoxidil – a topical application to be applied directly to the scalp on a daily basis.
Finasteride – a daily tablet form medication; however recent research suggests Finasteride has harmful effects on the body in the long run.
Sometimes doctors may recommend a combination of both treatments for more effective management, depending on the severity of the condition. Results can take anywhere up to six to twelve months before any effects are noticeable. However, each of these potential treatments come with side effects. To maintain any results, the medications must be taken continuously; otherwise, hair loss will set in again.
Many people will accept their altered appearance and will not be bothered by the change, meaning they wish not to opt for any treatment. Otherwise, cosmetic options are also available and can be discussed with a hair loss expert for further advice.


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Why Should You Consider Hardwood Flooring for Your Home?
Hardwood flooring has been popular for centuries. There are many reasons why it is among the most sought after flooring materials among homeowners. It is durable, easy to maintain, lasts long, and offers many other benefits. Explore the key reasons for considering solid wood floor for your home.
One of the most common reasons why homeowners choose hardwood flooring is that it is highly durable. Even when it can get scratched and scraped, it is quite easy to clean and refinish the surface. When you invest in this type of flooring, you are making a choice for decades.
Even when you have to pay relatively more for this type of flooring, it is a cost-effective option in the long-term. While other floors like carpets and tiles need to be replaced over the years, hardwood flooring requires nothing more than refinishing.
The high durability of this type of flooring means that you will not have to spend a lot of time, money or effort in maintaining it. Solid hardwood floor requires nothing more than dry mopping, sweeping, or vacuuming once a week. When it comes to deep cleaning, you will need to do it just once a year.
Wood is also more stain resistant compared to other types of floors. If there is any spillage, just wipe it clean. Hardwood floors don't have anything that degrades over time. There is no grout that can degrade and no color that loses its vividness. In fact, its looks keep improving as it ages.
Wooden flooring is also hypoallergenic. So if you have someone who is prone to allergies, you have one more excellent reason to choose hardwood for your flooring.
There are many more reasons for choosing solid wood flooring. It enhances the looks of any décor. It is highly versatile and blends into almost any setting or theme. Wood also improves the acoustics in your home.
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Our only priority is to provide the highest level of customer service. That's why our service is world-class, unmatched by any plumbing company in the industry. From the moment you call our office to the moment we leave your home, Best Brisbane Plumber strives to give you the simplest, most stress-free experience you've ever had.