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Claudia Grisales
Mike Morgan / NPR
Claudia Grisales is a congressional reporter assigned to NPR's Washington Desk.
Before joining NPR in June 2019, she was a Capitol Hill reporter covering military affairs for Stars and Stripes. She also covered breaking news involving fallen service members and the Trump administration's relationship with the military. She also investigated service members who have undergone toxic exposures, such as the atomic veterans who participated nuclear bomb testing and subsequent cleanup operations.
Prior to Stars and Stripes, Grisales was an award-winning reporter at the daily newspaper in Central Texas, the Austin American-Statesman, for 16 years. There, she covered the intersection of business news and regulation, energy issues and public safety. She also conducted a years-long probe that uncovered systemic abuses and corruption at Pedernales Electric Cooperative, the largest member-owned utility in the country. The investigation led to the ousting of more than a dozen executives, state and U.S. congressional hearings and criminal convictions for two of the co-op's top leaders.
Grisales is originally from Chicago and is an alum of the University of Houston, the University of Texas and Syracuse University. At Syracuse, she attended the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, where she earned a master's degree in journalism.
Former Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund Defends Agency's Role In Jan. 6 Attack
By Deirdre Walsh & Claudia Grisales • Jan 15, 2021
As thousands of National Guard troops now buttress security in Washington, D.C., and the nation, former U.S. Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund is standing by his actions, and those of his agency, on Jan. 6 — the day pro-Trump rioters attacked the Capitol under his watch.
In an interview with NPR, Sund says he had already planned to have 1,400 to 1,500 officers on duty, "all hands on deck." He said Capitol Police expected a large crowd but said nothing prepared them for what actually happened.
Ahead Of Impeachment, Security Is Tight At The Capitol
By Claudia Grisales • Jan 13, 2021
As the House debated impeaching President Trump, security was heightened Wednesday all around the Capitol, with barricades set several blocks from the Capitol building and law enforcement and national guard officials checking badges for anyone to enter the perimeter even by foot.
For 2nd Time In His Presidency, Trump Faces Impeachment Vote
TONYA MOSLEY, HOST:
The Latest On House Democrats' Move To Impeach Trump
By Claudia Grisales & Ayesha Rascoe • Jan 11, 2021
House Democrats Weigh Impeachment As They Urge Trump's Removal
By Deirdre Walsh & Claudia Grisales • Jan 8, 2021
Updated at 2:58 p.m. ET Saturday
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is warning that the House could vote on articles of impeachment against President Trump next week as Democrats fume about the stunning attack by a mob of pro-Trump extremists on the Capitol on Wednesday. Five people died, including a U.S. Capitol police officer, and offices were ransacked, including top leaders' suites, as lawmakers and the vice president were evacuated from the House and Senate chambers.
Congressional Tensions With Trump Boil Over After Violence On Capitol Hill
By Claudia Grisales • Jan 8, 2021
Top Capitol Security Officials Resign After Insurrection Under Pressure From Lawmakers
By Claudia Grisales, Kelsey Snell & Susan Davis • Jan 7, 2021
Updated at 9 p.m. ET:
A day after an insurrection that overtook the U.S. Capitol, the Capitol's three top security officials resigned from their posts amid building pressure from lawmakers and others over failures that allowed the dramatic breach.
The House and Senate's top protocol officers and the U.S. Capitol Police chief are now all expected to be replaced following a series of resignations in the wake of the security failures.
How Pro-Trump Insurrection At The U.S. Capitol Affected Electoral Vote Certification
Called A 'Traitor' By Trump Supporters, Romney Says President 'Disrespected' Voters
Sen. Mitt Romney was called a "joke" and a "traitor" by supporters of President Trump in videos that went viral Tuesday.
But on Wednesday, the Utah Republican directed stronger words at Trump and others in the GOP who falsely suggest the presidential election results were illegitimate.
Here Are The Republicans Challenging Congress' Tally Of Election Results
A significant share of Republicans plan to object to the Electoral College vote results, slowing down the inevitable that Joe Biden will be the next president.
After Threatening To Derail It, Trump Signs COVID-19 Relief Package Into Law
By Claudia Grisales • Dec 27, 2020
DON GONYEA, HOST:
What Are President Trump's Objections To The COVID-19 Relief Package?
Trump's Threat To Veto Latest Pandemic Relief Bill Leaves Congress In Chaos
ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:
When President Trump called the coronavirus relief bill a disgrace and left Washington without signing it, that left Congress in chaos. Here's Michigan Democrat Debbie Dingell railing against Trump after a House floor session today.
Trump Criticism Jeopardizes Latest Pandemic Relief Package
President Trump has ignited a firestorm, threatening the viability of a $900 billion coronavirus relief package. His objection - the direct payments of $600 included in the package. He says they're too low.
Trump Vetoes Defense Bill, Setting Up Congressional Vote To Potentially Override Him
President Trump has followed through on his threats to veto the annual defense bill, triggering plans for Congress to return from its holiday break to potentially override him for the first time in his four-year administration.
"My Administration has taken strong actions to help keep our Nation safe and support our service members," Trump wrote in a message to the House of Representatives. "I will not approve this bill, which would put the interests of the Washington, D.C. establishment over those of the American people."
Congress Gets COVID-19 Vaccine, But Members Fight Over Who Should Have Priority
Top leaders and rank-and-file members of Congress are taking part in the first round of COVID-19 vaccinations, a move that could accelerate plans for Congress to return to business as usual. But not all lawmakers agree on who should get priority as millions of Americans in high-risk groups still await their turn.
The Capitol's attending physician, Brian Monahan, alerted its more than 500 lawmakers this month that they're now eligible to get the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine under continuity-of-government requirements.
After Months Of Partisan Squabbling, Lawmakers Reach COVID-19 Relief Deal
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
COVID-19 Relief Deal Stalled As Trump Signs 2-Day Stopgap Bill To Avoid Shutdown
By Deirdre Walsh, Kelsey Snell & Claudia Grisales • Dec 18, 2020
Updated at 10:27 p.m. ET
Agreement on a bipartisan coronavirus relief package remains elusive as top congressional leaders continue to negotiate and their efforts spilled into the weekend. While they've had a framework for days, they are struggling to close out several details, and a new issue emerged as a key sticking point.
Lawmakers from both parties insist they will not leave Washington for the holidays until they get a deal that wraps together an aid package and a broader spending deal.
Congressional Leaders Near Deal On Roughly $900 Billion COVID-19 Relief Bill
By Kelsey Snell & Claudia Grisales • Dec 16, 2020
Update at 12:27 p.m. ET
Congressional leaders are nearing an agreement on a roughly $900 billion COVID-19 relief package that is likely to include a fresh round of smaller stimulus checks, according to congressional aides familiar with the talks.
Negotiations are ongoing and nothing is finalized, but leaders were optimistic following a lengthy negotiating session on Tuesday night.
'Electoral College Has Spoken': McConnell Belatedly Congratulates Biden On Win
A day after the Electoral College made the results official, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell congratulated President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris for their victory.
McConnell joins a wave of new Republicans acknowledging the win on Monday.
With Electoral College Vote, More Republicans Recognize Biden As President-Elect
With the Electoral College votes now complete, a new wave of Senate Republicans are acknowledging what's been clear for weeks: Joe Biden is the president-elect.
President Trump Signs Bill To Avoid Government Shutdown Ahead Of Deadline
By Claudia Grisales & Kelsey Snell • Dec 11, 2020
After facing a series of delays, the Senate approved by voice vote a one-week temporary funding measure Friday afternoon to avert a government shutdown hours before a critical deadline.
The president signed the bill Friday evening. Without it, federal agencies would have run out of money at midnight Friday.
The Senate's move came as Sen. Bernie Sanders, the Vermont independent, relented on his demands to vote first on a measure to allow direct payments to Americans.
House Approves Temporary Government Funding Bill As Larger Deal Remains Elusive
By Claudia Grisales • Dec 9, 2020
With both parties unable to reach agreement on a larger spending deal and a possible economic relief bill, House lawmakers approved a one-week, temporary funding measure to avoid a government shutdown ahead of a Friday deadline.
The House approved the measure on a 343-67 vote. It now heads to the Senate, which is expected to pass it and send the bill to President Trump's desk by week's end.
House Approves Defense Bill By Veto-Proof Margin, Despite President Trump's Threats
The House approved the defense bill by an overwhelming majority, despite a potential presidential veto threatening to derail the annual legislation's enactment for the first time in 60 years.
House lawmakers passed the National Defense Authorization Act by a vote of 335 to 78. Backers had hoped the plan would win by a supermajority in the House support to send a message to President Trump to not veto the plan as he has repeatedly threatened.
Republicans, Democrats Still At Odds Over Coronavirus Relief
With Georgia Rally, Trump Tests Role As Asset Or Liability For Senate GOP Control
When President Trump hosts a campaign rally later today in Georgia — a state he's repeatedly attacked with false claims of election fraud — he'll test whether he will be an asset or a liability for Republican hopes to keep control of the Senate.
It marks the president's first return to the campaign trail since he lost his bid for re-election, triggering Trump's rampage against states that voted for President-elect Joe Biden.
Momentum For Coronavirus Relief Bill Builds, But Time Short As Parties Work On Deal
By Deirdre Walsh & Claudia Grisales • Dec 4, 2020
Updated at 11:58 a.m. ET
After months of partisan standoff on Capitol Hill over the size and composition of another round of coronavirus relief, key signs of progress emerged as the House and Senate moved closer to a possible deal.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., spoke by telephone Thursday afternoon — notable because the two top leaders hadn't spoken about legislation addressing the pandemic since the election.
Trump Wants To Use Defense Bill To Dismantle Legal Protections For Tech Companies
Lawmakers Barrel Ahead On Defense Bill Plans, Not Balking At Trump Veto Threat
A bipartisan group of lawmakers, including key Republican leaders, isn't balking at President Trump's latest threat to veto the annual defense bill, instead barreling ahead with plans to finalize the plan.
On Tuesday, Trump threatened to veto the critical policy bill if it doesn't include a move to repeal a legal protection for social media companies.
In Georgia, Pence Walks Line Between Trump's Election Falsehoods And GOP Senate Fight
By Claudia Grisales • Nov 21, 2020
For the first time since President Trump lost his bid for reelection, Vice President Pence appeared on the campaign trail on Friday to boost Senate Republicans at a pair of rallies north of Atlanta.
Two U.S. Senate seats in Georgia remain to be decided in runoff races on Jan. 5. The outcome will dictate which party will run the upper chamber come next year.
And with Trump and Pence still declining to concede their loss, GOP has been left with a tricky argument in Georgia for a high-stakes Senate battle as they try to navigate the president's false claims.


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简 (简)
Telecast
Hong Kong in Prophecy
Gerald Weston
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What many people might not realise about Hong Kong is its significance in bible prophecies. If you have ever wondered why the history of Hong Kong is so different compared to that of its neighbouring Chinese cities, a detailed study of the bible can reveal a lot.
Centuries ago, Hong Kong was a small fishing village home to only a few thousand. But soon after British colonisation, it took a very different path. The population expanded with people pouring in from China, and British rule coincided rapid infrastructural and industrial developments in Hong Kong. Many consider Hong Kong's good governance, sound judiciary system and free market to be because of the British rule. In many ways, Hong Kong was a Chinese city run the British way.
Recorded in prophecy from the bible are a few key moments that indicate the Hong Kong prophecy. After Jacob was named Israel, god said to him "a nation and a company of nations will proceed from you" – Genesis, 35:11. Studying the prophecies of the Bible using our literature as a guide, we can clearly see that the bible prophesized the rise of HK and the British Empire, and it soon became, at its height, the most powerful empire in history.
Hong Kong's role in the British Empire
At one point, with British rule over countries like Canada and India and the entire continent of Australia, the British Empire stretched over one quarter of the Earth's surface. Because of this, it was coined as "the empire on which the sun never sets". But a big part of this might was due to strategic control points. Bible prophecy says that the British were to control important sea gates of their enemies. Think of places like the Gibraltar Straights, Khyber Pass, the Suez Canal, and of course Hong Kong. In many ways the prophecy of HK was correctly predicted as the British Empire's strategic sea gate into China and afforded them an incredible amount of prosperity.
Even to this day, the prophecy of Hong Kong rings true as it serves as a financial hub and gateway for businesses looking into China through Hong Kong's free market.
Tag: Prophecy
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Like our cousins across the pond, we've fallen in love with vintage nicknames for our girls—names like Maisie and Mabel and Sadie and Josie and Hattie are already on the rise. But do those parents who want a little Hattie necessarily consider putting Harriet or Henrietta on the birth certificate?
In some cases, the adorable short form is actually succeeding in waking up its sleeping mother name. Like Josephine, for instance, and Beatrice. But here are some others whose full versions have not seen as much—if any– action, as adorable as their period nicknames may be.
Which of these cute, often tomboyish, girl nicknames do you think are capable of reviving their more staid Great-Grandma names?
Some of those nicknames are worse than the actual name, in my opinion. These names are not my style at all, but Wilhelmina, Lucinda and Keziah are nice without the nicknames.
I've been trying to wear my husband down on Artemisia… so nice to see it on here!
Oh wow! I NEED a list like this for boys!
There's a reason names like Bertha, Ethel, and Gertrude fell out of use–they're just not pretty.
All the clunky B names (Brenda, Bernice, etc) and the trying too hard girl variations (Edwina, Ernestine, etc.) are the worst offenders for me.
@Aldabellax– This is an opinion site, My opinion is that many names on this list are harsh sounding. To me, they don't "appear ugly", they are ugly. Of course, whether or not someone likes a name is completely subjective. I had an Aunt Ethel, an Aunt Wilma and an Aunt Muriel–all names I would never name my daughters. There's no reason to politicize something as individual as liking or disliking a name.
Vintage nicknames are my thing! I love Aggie, Dot, Bea, Frankie, Gertie (prefer Trudy though) Lottie, Lulu, Minty, Romy, Tillie, Winnie, Zetty.
Jake for a girl though, crosses the line for me. Shouldn't some boys names be off limits?
And just as names I like Alberta, Roberta, Desdemona, Eudora, Essie, Florence, Frankie, and Antoinette.
I have been falling in love with older name as I get older, they are just timeless, beautiful and have something about them that is so appealing. Harriette is so sweet. I adore Tilda, by itself and as a full name 🙂 Dot is so cute for Dorothy, Frankie for Francine or Frances is adorable, Lulu for a Louisa is darling, so many cute nickname options for older names.
I also think Gia or Gigi would be great nicknames for Eugenia. Ellie or Elle or even Ella I think would be great and a modern twist for Helen or Helena and Hero/Hera or Mira/Mia are cute for Hermione.
Ooh, and Matilda nn Mattie! For some reason I quite like/don't mind boyish nicknames for girls (depending on the name) even though I'm not usually a fan of boys' names on girls.
Esther, Lucinda, Lavinia, Matilda, Rosetta, Eleanor, Keziah, Eulalia, Jemima and Flora are the best on this list!
I think Kezzie for Keziah and Zaza for Tirzah are most likely to revive the old lady name…though I don't really see either of these as "old lady" names.
@Suzannah: Culture and fashion and politics do shape our subjective opinions (which you are obviously entitled to) of names. I agree with you on Ethel, but Gertrude (which I used to think horrible) has grown on me. When I was a kid, I thought the two ugliest names in the world were my grandmothers' – Edith and Edna. Fastforward 25 years and I love Edith and gave it to my daughter as a middle name.
I thought Edna would be a harder one to warm up to, but I heard it on a 6 year old at the doctor and thought… hey, that actually is kind of cute. Even more amazingly, my mother agreed!
This is not because the name was once ugly and is now improving. It's to do with the nostalgia (the grandmother's are dead, I want to remember them) and the changing of the naming landscape, with names like Elsa gaining in popularity.
I'm so happy to see Theodosia on here! It's my favorite name. Some of these names aren't my style, but I don't hate any of them. Very good list!
I'm tired of people accusing other people of "politicizing" names. Everything is political or cultural at some level or other.
But! This list is fabulous!
I too would love to see the male version as well.
I love almost all of these long names, but am not much interested in the nicknames.
Ethel is just about the softest sounding name there is… it's practically Elle. Not harsh at all unless you're trying to make it sound bolder than it is by saying it loudly. It's a quiet, unassuming name.
I would hesitate to use any of nicknames that are becoming popular for boys. I also wouldn't bother with nicknames for many of them, like Harriet and Ethel, or biblical ones like Esther, Beulah, Lydia and Keziah.
Cool list! Yes, as others have said, some of these names are still "dusty" (read: unattractive), but this could be a great way to honor a family member. And vintage names are so trendy right now that a lot of these really wouldn't seem too anachronous.
I love Billie, but as a nickname for Sybil.
I dislike most of these names & there's nothing political about it…I'm of the age where they sound old-fashioned & clunky to me. My paternal grandmother was named after her two grandmothers & thus was Nellie Augusta, & hated both her names; my maternal grandmother (through the decree of some nuns; long story there) ended up being Mathilde & hates her name as well.
Of the names on the list that I like, I prefer the full versions for more of them (Bethia, Virginia, Jemima, Carlotta, Lucinda, Eleanor, Octavia, & Theodosia) than the nns (the only nns I'd use would be Ginger & Tavy). If I were to use nns for the others, I'd probably go w/Thia, Jem, Carly, Cinda, Nell, & Thea, but the longer versions are much more attractive to my ear.
I adore so many of these names, this is totally my style!


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Unfinished Sampler by Unknown Maker
Origin: America
OH: 8 1/4" x OW: 8 1/4"
Silk embroidery threads on a linen ground of 29 x 29 threads per inch (identification of fibers by eye)
Acc. No. 1963.608.1
This is a small unfinished square needlework sampler worked in silk threads on a natural-color linen ground. The top third of the sampler consists of two rows of letters--"A-M" and "O-Z" in uppercase block-- and three complete bands. The bottom two thirds of the sampler is unfinished.
Stitch: cross
Label:This sampler, hemmed on three sides, features an alphabet, the first line of which is green and the second a faded brown. The alphabet is underlined by two borders. The rest of the sampler is blank, evidently unfinished.
Provenance:This sampler was originally in a straw work box/basket with a second unfinished sampler signed "Catharine H. Lawrence. In 1937, these items along with several other objects were offered to Colonial Williamsburg by an anonymous friend of Miss Mabel Massey of Williamsburg, Virginia. In 1963, the two samplers and work basket were transferred to AARFAC from the CW Department of Collections via receipt no. 2708. The former Collection's Accession Number was G1937-508, 1-3.
The sampler may have been worked by a member of the Lawrence family.
Mark(s):None
Inscription(s):None


With immigration rules and policies subject to constant change, it's essential to get your visa application right first time. It might be a subtle change in the forms to be submitted, the evidence to be provided or the procedure to follow. Whatever the reason, as an applicant, it's extremely unlikely you will be aware of those changes – something which is certain to prove costly in terms of both money and wasted time.
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Nice home in forest setting. Great trails right out the back of the house leading to wonderful hiking and mountain biking areas. Main floor is the street level; has kitchen, dining room, living room, den with futon, bedroom and full bath. 1st floor has two bedrooms, one a master with sitting area and stairs leading down to a ground level deck.


If I run a RBG Tournament, would you join?
cant wait for you guys to put up more videos!
odd. mine is saying 16 energy.
any one else get the "Not Enough Energy" sign when u try to use eviscerate at like 30 energy?


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Matt Astbury
Consultancy, UK
Matt Astbury jumped at the chance to join Mace's Graduate Development Programme in 2014, having already completed a summer placement in 2013-14. Since then, Matt has worked on a variety of high-profile projects in east London, from bridge transformations to installing anti-terrorism HVM measures to protect the Olympic Stadium in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.
How did you get into what you do?
I studied Business Management at university and focused on project management in my final year. I was unsure about what to do after university, but I began a summer placement with Mace in 2013 and really enjoyed it. After finishing university I applied for the Mace Graduate Development Programme and was delighted to be accepted.
What do you enjoy most about your role at Mace?
I'd say it's the responsibility I'm given to lead on projects. As an assistant project manager, my first jobs at Mace were a landscaping project, a bridge transformation and a car park cladding refurbishment. After proving myself on these smaller jobs, I found myself being given more and more responsibility to work on bigger projects. Working on the Olympic Stadium was both daunting and a privilege.
What's your proudest achievement at Mace?
I'm proud of everything I've done here. I get a real sense of accomplishment from setting something up from the start, and then at the end getting to see it finished and delivered. Our work with the London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC) sees us making a significant contribution to east London and it's a privilege to be working on something that's transforming a community.
As a keen sports fan, I'd also say that one of my favourite things that I have done is working in the Olympic Stadium in preparation for the 2015 Rugby World Cup.
What advice would you give to someone looking to get into what you do?
I'd always advise someone to do a placement, it massively helped me. Not only did it give me a sense of the career path I wanted to take, but it also meant that I could start to build up my network of contacts for the future. I'd also say take every opportunity and run with it, don't waste a moment. Each opportunity you take could lead to bigger and better things.
What do you see as the big trend for your specialism in the next five years?
In the current economic climate, I think there will be more and more focus on project selection for construction companies. Shortages in labour, smaller margins, and uncertainty around the economy are all trends that will continue, and will influence how our industry makes plans for the future.
What are you passionate about outside of work?
I'm a football fanatic and support my local team in Chester. I am also a keen skier and try to go away every year. When I'm not cheering on Chester or on the slopes, I'm working towards my full chartered membership for the CIOB.
"Our work with the London Legacy Development Corporation sees us making a significant contribution to east London and it's a privilege to be working on something that's transforming a community."
Matt Astbury Assistant Project Manager
Project and Programme Management Graduate Development Programme Sports Stadia and Leisure Consultancy UK and Europe
London Legacy Development Corporation
Delivering London's Olympic promise


Inflation is a popularly asked question in the General awareness section of Bank and Government exams. A little knowledge of inflation will help you solve questions on inflation in the bank exam. Inflation is like an epidemic illness and every government or central bank (RBI) is always trying to keep inflation under control to benefit the people. However, inflation is unavoidable as inflation is eventually bound to happen for essential commodities. Prices of essential commodities have always seen a price rise and could never be inflation proof. In fact, inflation is an entirely unavoidable phenomenon that can hardly ever be reversed more has hardly ever been reversed in the history of any country. However, there are instances where inflation was brought under control and time again common man had to bear the brunt of inflation.
Inflation is the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period. Inflation will lead to an overall increase in the prices of goods. Inflation is measured as an annual change to the percentage of increase in prices of goods or services.
Under inflation, the prices of goods increase over time and thus the ability to buy goods or services with the same amount of money will reduce. When prices rise and currencies fall, it is known as inflation.
Purchasing power is the number of tangible goods or services that money can buy a given moment of time. Inflation leads to decrease in the purchasing power as it leads to a reduction of the value of currency and increase of prices of goods and services.
It is often heard saying in developing economies like India, that salary is still the same but prices of everything has gone up. So, the question remains – How will you manage with the resources that are there?
According to this hypothesis. An increase in the demand for certain goods increases their prices. If the demand for a goods or services is high and their supply is less, then prices will increase. This happens when economies are growing fast.
According to the theory, inflation is caused when there is an increased supply of cash or money in the economy. The influx of cash leads to an inflation in the economy. When the supply of goods is in excess and demand for the goods is less than inflation will go down, or else inflation will go up. However, it is often seen that impact of inflation is often damaging. The influx of money has often led to inflation with some exceptions.
This is a mild type of inflation, when price rise is 3% or less a year. A rise of 2% or less is considered beneficial for economic growth. The creeping inflation makes consumers expect prices will keep rising. Creeping inflation drives economic expansion and growth. However, an inflation higher than 2% can be a sign of danger and must be brought under control.
Walking inflation is a phenomenon where the price rise is between 3% to 10% a year and it is harmful to the economy. Consumers start purchasing goods and services more than their requirement due to fear of prices in near future. This leads to an increase in demand for goods in the market and challenges the suppliers to keep with the new demand due to inflation. Thus, necessary goods and services often remain out of the reach of the common man.
The phenomenon leads to a situation where there is more than 10% inflation and this means hell for the economy. Such situations are often seen in the African subcontinent where income come down and businesses cannot keep up with the costs. It leads to instability in the economy and can give rise to an unstable government as people will lose faith in the government. Galloping inflation literally means an inflation which can gallop or tumble over the needs and choices of the common man and must be avoided at all costs. Galloping inflation is often seen in times of war and can also lead to both economic and humanitarian crisis.
Hyperinflation is a rare phenomenon and prices of goods skyrocket more than 50% a month.
Stagflation is coined by the combination of stagnation and inflation. There is a stagnation in the economy and there is inflation at a steady pace. It is a combination of economic factors like high unemployment rate, severe inflation, and poor economic growth. It is a struggle and challenge for the central bank(RBI) to bring a sense of normalcy in the economy when there is stagflation. Central banks usually increase interest rates to combat high inflation. However, stagflation can increase unemployment. To keep this under control, Central banks should keep control on their ability to decrease interest rates during stagflation. Currently, India is going through the phase of stagflation – where there is less growth in the job market, and price rise of essential goods leading to a lot of economic complexities and financial distress for the Indian population.
The type of inflation impacts rising prices of all commodities except energy and food, due to a phenomenal increase in the price of oil and gas once a year. While global oil prices fluctuate every day, this type of inflation can be more seen when there is an increase in oil prices or energy prices more than expected.
Wage inflation occurs when there is a rise in the wage of workers than the cost of living. This is seen in the case of the labor unions demanding higher wages. It can also be seen in the case of the pay commission that recently increased the salaries of central government employees. Wage inflation often arises when there are fewer workers and more work.
This is often seen in cities when the price of housing, gold, oil etc increase. There is a boom of a particular asset class like housing or gold. It is overseen by economists who do not consider it as a major instrument or determinant of inflation in general as it only affects people who own an asset class like real estate, gold etc which holds true for more affluent people. However, asset inflation is not like the inflation of certain commodities such as even daily necessities like food.
Inflation is the very reason that people invest in inflation, therefore, inflation should not be demonized. However, it is necessary to control inflation in key areas such as rising prices of food, perishable goods and daily necessities that will not deprive common people of their daily bread. Inflation is required and necessary if it at a steady 2% per annum. There is also a brighter side to inflation which must be looked at.
Stay tuned to know more about Inflation!


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Q: Store key value in Java I have a case in which I need to store huge numbers into key and value.
I tried:
HashMap<String, double> map = new HashMap<String, double>();
map.put("Type1", 1267650600228229401496703205376);

I get syntax error. Is there a way to store key and value with huge number?

A: You can try this:
HashMap<String, Double> map1 = new HashMap<String, Double>();
map1.put("Type1", 1267650600228229401496703205376D);

or
HashMap<String, BigDecimal> map2 = new HashMap<String, BigDecimal>();
map2.put("Type1", new BigDecimal("1267650600228229401496703205376"));

A: Please read about BigDecimal
It works with big double values and supports needed for you accuracy.
Also you can use BigInteger for integer values.
There are so many method for working with big values, also compareTo() for comparing.

A: Use BitInteger if your numbers won't be insanely large like your example, or just store it as a String.
HashMap<String, BitInteger> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("Type1", BigInteger.valueOf(12676506));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Whitecourt Star
Share this Story: Arrest made in 2017 bank robbery
Arrest made in 2017 bank robbery
The man pointed what appeared to be a firearm at employees and stole a large sum of cash before fleeing the bank.
Brigette Moore
On June 9, 2017, the Scotiabank in Whitecourt was robbed by a single man with what looked like a gun. - Whitecourt Star File Photo jpg, WH
Whitecourt RCMP laid charges against a local man in connection with a 2017 bank robbery.
On June 9, 2017, in the early afternoon, the Bank of Nova Scotia, which at the time was located in Midtown Mall, was robbed by a lone man wearing a disguise, RCMP said.
Arrest made in 2017 bank robbery Back to video
The man pointed what appeared to be a firearm at employees and stole a large sum of cash before fleeing the bank. The Whitecourt RCMP were assisted in the search for the robber by police dog services, general investigative services and Edson forensics.
The robbery caused officials to lock down schools in the valley including Central School, Percy Baxter School and Ecole St. Mary School. The lockdown was lifted before school let out that day.
The robber was never caught.
However, on June 24 after an extensive investigation that included tips from the public, RCMP arrested a man they believe was responsible for the robbery.
Matthew James McDavid, 33, of Whitecourt has been charged with robbery with a weapon, using an imitation firearm in the commission of an offence, and disguise with intent to commit an offence.
McDavid was released from custody and is scheduled to appear in Whitecourt Provincial Court on Aug. 11.
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Penny Stocks to Watch | Analysts Turn Bullish on Costamare Inc.
HomePenny StocksPenny Stocks to Watch: Analysts Turn Bullish on Costamare Inc.
Penny Stocks to Watch: Analysts Turn Bullish on Costamare Inc.
Penny stocks in the shipping industry may not appear to be the most exciting, however, they can return some of the biggest dividends to investors.
Costamare Inc. (NYSE:CMRE) is one of the world's leading owners and providers of containerships for charter. It is not a young company either. With 44 years of expertise behind it and a fleet of 73 containers, Athens-based Costamare has analysts on the edge of their seats.
This penny stock has literally been straddling the $5 USD price mark for almost a month now. Today, they are valued at $5.08 USD per share, but on Wednesday shares closed at $4.96. Monday was a similar story. However, back in August CMRE stock was trading hands for over $7.50 a share.
It seems this penny stock offers great value compared to competitors in the industrial sector. For the lower-price point at present, Costamare has been turning over impressive results.
Costamare posted its most recent earnings results last week on January 23rd. It reported $0.12 earnings per share for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $0.10. It also brought in $103.90 million USD in revenue, also beating analyst expectations of $97.39 million. This figure was a 6% increase on the same period last year.
Now, a number of equities research analysts have upgraded this penny stock from a hold rating to a buy rating. These include Zacks Investment Research and Morgan Stanley.
But what do you think? Is the CMRE penny stock a good investment opportunity? Do you think these shares will continue to straddle the $5 mark?
Penny Stocks in Beverages: Why is Everyone Watching ABEV?


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Navy Falls to #2 Cincinnati, 27-20
Navy lost a heartbreaker to visiting Cincinnati, 27-20. The Mids played even with the Bearcats throughout the first half, trailing just 13-10 at halftime. Cincinnati scored 14 points in the third quarter to force Navy out of their game plan by forcing them to play from behind.
Navy didn't disappoint by scoring 10 points in the fourth quarter and converting and onside kick to give the Mids a chance at tying the game with less than a minute remaining. The Cincinnati defense came up with a clutch INT preserving the win.
Cincinnati remains undefeated (7-0) and Navy falls to 1-6. The Midshipmen take on Tulsa on Friday.
Great Beginning
Cincinnati won the coin toss and elected to receive. The Navy defense forced a two consecutive three-and-outs. On the Midshipmen's second drive of the game, they put together a 13 play, 79-yard scoring drive. Tai Lavatai capped off the drive with a two yard TD run to give Navy the early 7-0 lead.
Following Navy's impressive scoring drive, Cincinnati bounced back with a quick scoring drive of their own. Following a Navy onside kick attempt, Desmond Ridder completed two consecutive passes, the last one a 31-yard TD pass to Josh Whyle.
No Quit
Not to be outdone, Navy battled back to take the lead after Cincinnati's quick score. The Midshipmen took over at their own 49 yard line following a Maquel Haywood 48 yard kickoff return. On the drive, Lavatai connected with Kai Puailoa-Rojas for a 21-yard completion. The drive stalled at the Bearcats 16 yard line. Bijan Nichols hit a 33 yard field goal to give Navy the three point lead, 10-7.
Cincinnati Got Hot!
After falling behind to Navy, 10-7, the Bearcats offense caught on fire and scored on four consecutive drives. They connected on two field goals before halftime to take a 13-10 lead into the intermission. To start the second half, Cincinnati scored TDs on two consecutive drives. Jerome Ford found paydirt with a 43 yard run for the first score. On the next Bearcat drive, Ridder connected again with Whyle for a score, this time from 3 yards out giving Cincinnati a 27-10 lead.
Look out for the injury bug
Two offensive linemen from Navy had to leave the game due to injuries. Center Darrellson Masaniai went out in the first quarter. Offensive Tackle Kip Frankland also left the game with an injury in the second quarter.
It goes without saying that Navy football players have a "don't quit" attitude. Navy showed that this afternoon against #2 Cincinnati. Navy had fallen behind the Bearcats 27-10 going into the fourth quarter. Bijan Nichols kicked a 27 yard field goal with 7:34 left in the game cappaing off a 9-play, 48 yard drive, cutting the Cincy lead to two touchdowns.
The Navy defense continued their scrappy scheme and forced a Cincinnati three-and-out. The Navy offense drove down the field led by Tai Lavatai. Lavtai threw nine passes on the drive which is unheard of in the current Navy offense. Lavatai ended the drive with a one yard TD carry cutting the Cincinnati lead to 27-20 with 0:50 remaining in the game.
The Navy kickoff team successfully kicked on onside kick and Jamal Glenn recovered the ball on the Navy 47. The Navy comeback ended on a Lavatai INT with 25 seconds remaining in the game.
Strasemeier's Stat of the game
Scott Strasemeier, Navy's Senior Associate A.D./Sports Information, shared that Cincinnati's 271 yards in today's game were the least they've gained in 19 games going back to 2019.
Posted by Trevor M. Replogle at 3:46 PM
Midshipmen Earn Second Win Against Tulsa, 20-17
Navy Hosts #2 Cincinnati
Navy Knocks off the Knights, 34-30
Navy hosts UCF in AAC Battle


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Tag: Commons
Student as Producer (5)
See an introduction to this series of notes here.
5. Neary, Michael (2012) Student as producer: an institution of the common? [or how to recover communist/revolutionary science]. Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences.
This is a key paper in Neary's theoretical development of Student as Producer. In it, he again engages with the work of the Edu-Factory collective, or rather a recent book by one of its main spokespersons, Giggi Roggero, called 'The production of living knowledge: the crisis of the university and the transformation of labour in Europe and North America'. Neary also draws on Paul du Gay's work 'In praise of bureaucracy', which I have found helpful in my exploration of whether the worker co-operative form is suited to higher education. Finally, the paper also explores the history of "revolutionary science", connecting the 19th c. work of Marx to the work of 13th c. Bishop of Lincoln and first vice-chancellor of Oxford, Robert Grosseteste.
Whereas in an earlier paper, Neary distanced himself from the liberalism of Humboldt, he begins this paper by stating that
"Student as Producer is reclaiming the progressive vision of German Idealists in the 19th century for a liberal humanist university as a site for speculative philosophy, ie a social encyclopaedia of knowledge at the level of society (Lyotard 1984). Student as Producer is grounding this 'ideal of the university' in the radicalised student–worker uprisings of 1968 and the ways in which this student protest has re-emerged at the beginning of the 21st century against the privatisation of university life, now packaged as the 'student experience' where the most predominant imperative is employability." (Neary 2012: 2)
He argues that the recent privatisation of higher education in the UK is "nothing less than a reactionary political act of intellectual vandalism and a declaration of war against critique." (ibid)
"The purpose of Student as Producer is not to maintain higher education as a social science fiction about the struggle over the false dichotomy between its public and private function: after all both are complementary forms of capitalist regulation (Neary 2012a). The aim of Student as Producer is to "dissolve" (Holloway 2010) or better still "detonate" (Lefebvre 1991) the social relation of capital out of which the current version of the university is derived (Neary 2012a), so as to recreate the university as a new form of social institution, what Giggi Roggero calls an "institution of the common" (Roggero 2011)." (Neary 2012: 3)
His engagement with Roggero's work is very complementary. In particular, he regards Roggero's chosen method of 'militant enquiry' or 'co-research' as "fundamentally constitutive, where 'the production of knowledge is immediately the production of political subjectivity and the construction of organisation.' (Roggero 2011: 138)". However, he finds Roggero's distinction between"'the commons' as a resource emerging out of the natural world and the idea of 'the common' as something that is socially constructed" problematic in the way that it separates the natural and social world. The issue is grounded in Roggero's conception of labour as the radical subject in capitalist society. Conceived as such, labour is reified and its activity constitutes the social process that produces 'the common', that is "the organization of something that did not exist beforehand, or the new composition of existing elements in a subversive social relationship" (Roggero 2011: 8)."
Neary takes issue with this conception of labour and Roggero's separation of the natural world ('the commons') from the social world ('the common'). He argues that revolutionary science is, quoting Marx, "one science".
"This one science, or communism, does not rely on speculative or philosophical solutions, but is a scientific method of enquiry and reason based on an awareness of the historical development of humanity as the alienation from nature (Foster 2000: 114). This alienation can only be overcome through "the significance of revolutionary practical critical activity" (Marx's theses on Feuerbach, quoted in Foster 2000: 112)." (Neary 2012: 9)
Neary ends his critique of Roggero by relating the "schism" between the natural and social world to the "schism in bourgeois science", reflected in the schism of subject disciplines within the modern university. On this, says Neary, the "key issue issue for Student as Producer is how the natural and social sciences might be reconnected as a curriculum for practical revolutionary action." (ibid)
In contrast, Neary draws inspiration from Paul du Gay's work on bureaucracy in his attempt to counter the understanding of Student as Producer as a "change management project", where students are conceived as "change agents". (Neary 2012: 4)
"change management sets itself firmly against bureaucracy, which is characterised in the change management literature as red tape, procrastination, indecision, big government, the nanny state and a tendency towards indolence (Du Gay 2000)."
The world of change management is epitomised by Drucker's (1993) new role model of labour as the 'knowledge worker' whose necessary but antagonistic form is the 'service worker', both educated persons divided into intellectuals and managers, respectively. Neary argues that the underlying ethic of the 'knowledge economy' and the university as a "knowledge factory"is that of the market and the idea that organisations have to become increasingly entrepreneurial and innovative in order to survive.
In opposition to the imperatives of "change management", Neary explores Paul du Gay's work on bureaucracy as "a set of protocols and processes grounded in a set of morals and ethics that are highly valued in our society" (ibid). Following the work of Max Weber, bureaucracy for du Gay is
"a site of substantive ethical domain" (Du Gay 2000: 2) and "a particular ethos … not only an ensemble of purposes and ideals within a given code of conduct but also ways and means of conducting oneself … the bureau must be assessed in its own right as a particular moral institution and the ethical attributes of the bureaucrat be viewed as the contingent and often fragile achievements of that socially organised sphere of moral existence" (Du Gay 2000: 4). In this way, the bureaucratic environment contains its very own rationality and sense of purpose (Du Gay 2000: 75)." (Neary 2012: 4-5)
With this, Neary argues that the "repurposing" of bureaucracy could lead to
"a rational, moral and ethical principle a clear intent to collectively and democratically deconstruct the role of vice-chancellors as the charismatic leaders on whose vision the future prosperity and reputation of the entrepreneurial university appears to depend (Goodall 2009)."
At Lincoln, Student as Producer,
"creates a radical framework for debates and discussion about policy and strategy for teaching and learning across the university, based on a radicalised political vernacular. Given the extent to which the language of managerialism has overwhelmed the discourse of higher education, this is no mean achievement." (Neary 2012: 6)
As such, it is a "subversive" project based on values and ethics that "have not had to be reinvented but are conjured out of the activities of academic workers at Lincoln and elsewhere." It is subversive because it
"starts with a negative critique of higher education based on the dysfunctionality of its core activities, teaching and research, where the priority and status given to research divides institutions, and sets staff and student against each other (Boyer 1990; Brew 2006) This negative critique forms the basis of Student as Producer's attachment to the notion of research-engaged teaching (Jenkins and Healey 2009): re- engineering the relationship between teaching and research so that undergraduates become part of the academic project of the university. This is how subversion works, by using the language and protocols of the enterprise university against itself…
This subversive ethic and academic-valued approach is written into the bureaucratic framework for teaching and learning at the University of Lincoln, through its teaching and learning strategy, and in the documentation for staff and students that shapes the protocols and procedures for quality validation, monitoring and reporting procedures, including the Student as Producer user guide.
The problem is how to maintain subversion in a context in which student as consumer is the operational imperative among providers of higher education. Part of the answer to that question lies in constantly radicalising the practice and principles of Student as Producer to avoid recuperation" (Neary 2012: 7)
The final section of the paper represents one attempt to radicalise Student as Producer through the idea and practice of "one science". Neary presents this by connecting the scientific method of Marx and Grosseteste through the work of Aristotle. Neary describes Grosseteste as "a key figure in the development of the method of experimental science through practical applications and as being central to the creation of the modern university (Southern 1992; McEvoy 2000)." (Neary 2012: 11) The point Neary wants to make here is that the origins of the scientific method were disruptive, subversive, and indeed revolutionary and that they were so because figures like Grosseteste and Marx did not distinguish between the natural and liberal social sciences (e.g. economics, philosophy, sociology) and each made connections between the inductive and deductive methods of Aristotle. They were fixed on the idea of "one science" which, through the power of abstract thought grounded in the real world, they aimed to discover the "substantive matter" of their respective social worlds i.e. one governed by the Divine and the other by Capital. For Grossteeste, this substantive matter was God as the "divine light" and for Marx, Neary argues, it was found in the concept of 'capital', which he presented as a "unifying logic for the expansion of value". In place of Grosseteste's metaphysics, Marx's historical materialist method discovered capital as "the automatic subject" of human society. Through his exposition of capital, "Marx's most important discovery is that the crisis of capital is the power of humanity reasserting itself and recovering the natural world." (Neary 2012: 12) This is an important point that Neary picks up in a later paper where he discusses the work of John Holloway in the context of Student as Producer.
Neary ends the paper with a "research question":
"A key point for the students and academics to consider is the extent to which revolutionary science is undermined by a scientific enterprise based not on the development of knowledge but rather the development of academic capitalism (non-revolutionary science). In order to recover the substance of communist revolutionary science, it is necessary to reinvent the ideal of the university on the principles of revolutionary science. How can we redesign the idea of the university to enhance and support this vision of revolutionary science? This is the main point and purpose of Student as Producer." (Neary 2013: 12)
From this paper, we can draw out the following points so as to help determine the institutional form for a university, "reinvented" on the "principles of revolutionary science."
It is fundamentally a political project. Political subjectivity is "the essential objective reality out of which practical, critical knowledge is derived." The institutional form itself support (i.e. be partisan to) this political project.
Bureaucracy is valued as a moral and ethical process which does not exist independently of the political project but guards its constitution.
It exists for knowledge and against the "knowledge worker".
It uses the language and protocols of the university subversively (i.e. as a way to 'interoperate' with the neoliberal university, the State, markets, etc.) without taking on its form.
It recognises that "the production of knowledge is immediately the production of subjectivity and the construction of organisation." (Roggero 2011: 138) The institutional form is therefore constructed from the subjectivity of its members, which is formed through the co-operative, social production of knowledge.
It attempts to overcome labour in its capitalist form, which is a "fabrication" of the social relations of capitalist production. "Labour, as such, does not exist but is constituted only as a real abstraction." (Neary 2012: 9) The issue for the worker co-operative is to discover a way to practice non-alientated, non-abstract labour. This is at the heart of its research project: the discovery of a new form of social being.
Author Joss WinnPosted on April 5, 2014 April 6, 2014 Categories NotesTags co-operative university, Commons, Drucker, Grosseteste, Marx, revolutionary science, Roggero, science, Student as Producer, worker co-operative1 Comment on Student as Producer (5)
Open education and the emancipation of labour from teaching and learning
Abstract submitted to the CfP on 'Critical Approaches to Open Education', Learning, Media and Technology journal.
I have previously argued that open education is a liberal project with a focus on the freedom of things rather than the freedom of people. (Winn, 2012) Furthermore, I have argued that despite an implicit critique of private property with its emphasis on 'the commons', there is no corresponding critique of academic labour (Neary, Winn, 2012).
The imposition of private property and wage-labour is the organising principle of the capitalist mode of production (Neary, Winn, 2009), a "determinate logic" (Postone, 1993) which continually seeks to alienate labour from its full creative capacity (Wendling, 2011) and reduce the necessity of labour-time in the production of value. For capital, the crucial role of all forms of education is to ensure the reproduction and improvement of labour in a historical form that is conducive to the production of value. For the student, education becomes necessary in order to improve the value of the labour power commodity upon which their subsistence depends.
This paper will take up the conclusions of my earlier work where I argued that the critical power and potential of open education "is in its yet under-acknowledged re-conceptualisation of what it means to work as a researcher, teacher and student." (Winn, 2012) In the work cited, I have argued that an emancipatory form of education cannot be created by the production of educational resources as 'a commons' and the socialisation of academic (i.e. teacher-student) labour through networked technologies.
In this paper, I will develop my critical position that an emancipatory form of education must work towards the emancipation of teachers and students from labour, the dynamic source of value in capitalism, and that this might be achieved through a co-operative pedagogical relationship between individuals out of which alternative organisational and institutional forms are developed that undermine the organising principle of capitalism. In making this argument, I will draw upon my involvement with the Social Science Centre, Lincoln, as well as my work with colleagues at the University of Lincoln (e.g. Neary, 2010; Neary and Hagyard, 2010; Neary and Amsler, 2010).
Neary, Mike and Winn, Joss (2012) Open education: common(s), commonism and the new common wealth. Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization, 12 (4). pp. 406-422.
Neary, Mike and Amsler, Sarah (2012) Occupy: a new pedagogy of space and time?. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 10 (2).
Neary, Mike (2010) Student as producer: a pedagogy for the avant-garde?, Learning Exchange, 1 (1).
Neary, Mike and Hagyard, Andy (2010) Pedagogy of excess: an alternative political economy of student life. In: The Marketisation of Higher Education and the Student as Consumer. Routledge, Abingdon.
Neary, Mike and Winn, Joss (2009) The student as producer: reinventing the student experience in higher education. In: The future of higher education: policy, pedagogy and the student experience . Continuum, London.
Postone, Moishe (1993) Time, Labour and Social Domination. Cambridge University Press.
Social Science Centre, Lincoln http://socialsciencecentre.org.uk
Wendling (2011) Karl Marx on Technology and Alienation. Palgrave Macmillan
Winn, Joss (2012) Open education: from the freedom of things to the freedom of people. In: Towards teaching in public: reshaping the modern university. Continuum, London.
Author Joss WinnPosted on February 21, 2014 February 21, 2014 Categories BlogTags academic labour, co-operative university, Commons, labour, Open Education, pedagogy, Property, Social Science Centre, Student as Producer, valueLeave a comment on Open education and the emancipation of labour from teaching and learning
Marx on co-operation
When numerous labourers work together side by side, whether in one and the same process, or in different but connected processes, they are said to co-operate, or to work in co-operation… Co-operation ever constitutes the fundamental form of the capitalist mode of production. (Marx, Capital Vol.1, Ch. 13)
I think that what is key to any advocacy of co-operatives as anti- or post-capitalist organisations, is not co-operation in terms of the division and participation of labour, but rather co-ops as a response to capital's antagonistic relationship between labour and property: democratic control of capital by workers i.e. a 'commons'.
I have no interest in advocating co-operatives that do not pursue 'common ownership'. 1
Author Joss WinnPosted on January 8, 2014 Categories NotesTags Capital, co-operation, co-operative university, Commons, Marx2 Comments on Marx on co-operation
Notes on the university and the means of production
1. Consumption and production: The dominant discourse around higher education in the UK is its marketisation, i.e. knowledge as a commodity and universities as competing capitals. Students are increasingly indentured consumers. Lectures are reduced to 'content' and academics are the original knowledge workers. At Lincoln, we have a strategy to resist this: Student as Producer. It is an intervention led by my colleague Mike Neary, based on a number of intellectual projects, including the critical social theory of Walter Benjamin [PDF]. Student as Producer has become the organising principle for teaching and learning across the entire institution. Student as Producer is against the marketisation of higher education. It is an attempt to shift the discourse away from the exchange of knowledge towards the production of knowledge. In essence, we ask what is higher education for? It is for the production of knowledge.
2. Technology for the production of knowledge: My work in the Centre for Educational Research and Development focuses on the role of technology in higher education. The role of technology in higher education is the same as the role of technology in other industries, which I do not need to elaborate here. The use of technology in higher education is not static nor linear. Scientific research undertaken in universities leads to the development of new technologies (e.g. computers) which confront students and academics when commodified. My particular interest in the role of technology in higher education is not, as is often the case, the pedagogical use of technology (e.g. the use of computers to support teaching and learning), but rather the institutional, infrastructural use of technology (e.g. the use of computers for scholarly communication). If we view 'the university' as an institution that exists for the production of knowledge, then we arrive at the question: what are the means of production in higher education? They are the same as any other industry: labour, science and technology, and capital. Each of these words have common meanings that we use in every day speech, but those 'common sense' and naturalised uses derive from historical, social and epistemological developments over hundreds of years.
3. Science as the instrument of capital accumulation: I had hoped, before now, to have written up my notes on Alfred Sohn-Rethel's magnificent and out-of-print book, Intellectual and Manual Labour. A Critique of Epistemology [PDF]. What is significant here about Sohn-Rethel's critique is his focus on the history, purpose and use of science. He boldly demonstrates that the history of science (i.e. since Galileo's law of inertial motion), is pre-dated by and derived from the 'real abstraction' of the exchange of commodities. By 'real abstraction', he refers to abstract concepts having real, concrete effects. Often, we may not even be aware of or understand the abstraction (e.g. 'value'), only its material outcome. Put another way, our lived historical experience is dominated (i.e. controlled) by abstraction, which is rooted in the history of commodity exchange. Sohn-Rethel attempts a remarkable study of the development of abstract thought, which I cannot do justice to here, but to put it crudely, he argues that the origins of abstract thought are to be found in the invention of money as a 'universal equivalent' for the exchange of commodities, and that modern scientific theory is "knowledge of nature in commodity form" (132). This has deep and wide-ranging implications, not least in a higher education institution which produces scientific knowledge. If, as Sohn-Rethel argues, all science today is bourgeois science geared towards the purpose of capital accumulation, higher education is at the heart of this configuration. We are reminded of this when we are told that higher education is an important engine for economic growth. In that claim, higher education is defined as a means of commodity production: it is the producer of scientific knowledge and all its labour power and infrastructure must in some way contribute to this production. But it doesn't, yet, and there lies the struggle. Not in the circulation of knowledge, but in the production of knowledge.
4. The death of the guilds: In his study of the Death of the Guilds, Krause identifies the relatively recent re-configuration of academia by the capitalist mode of production. His work can be related to Sohn-Rethel, in that they both discuss the transition from artisanal to scientific modes of production; from a mode of production where the intellectual and manual labour were united, to a mode of production where the head (abstract thought) and the hand (craft) are separated. Artisans "owned the means of production" (S-R, 117) and guilds are groups of workers that exercise political power "primarily for their own ends." (Krause, x). Guilds own the means of production. Both Krause and Sohn-Rethel recognise that the death of the guilds and the artisan mode of production that they were formed to protect, began to crumble with the early growth of capitalism in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. For Sohn-Rethel, the writing was on the wall with the development of mathematics. "It is no exaggeration to say that one can measure the extent of division of head and hand by the inroad of mathematics in any particular task." (113). For Krause, writing in 1996, the guild model of political power in academia only remained to some extent in the Oxbridge colleges. Krause and Sohn-Rethel are both useful for understanding the transformation of scientific research and teaching towards the capitalist mode of production (i.e. economic growth), which in recent years is put forward by the higher education sector as a justification of its continued public funding.
5. The birth of the commons: We can be certain that today, 'the university' is an institution organised bureaucratically, technologically, and epistemologically for the production of knowledge which is exchanged as a commodity. No institution can exist at such scale and compete nationally and globally in any other configuration. However, in the last decade or so, the Open Access (OA) movement has developed from within academia in a way that resembles the power of the guilds. The objective of Open Access is to provide scholarly literature online to the public, free of cost and most copyright restrictions. Open Access is a scholarly movement that is wielding political power and has deep implications for the mode and means of the production of knowledge in higher education. If openness within higher education is understood as a 'recursive public' (Kelty, 2008), we can observe and predict that further recursions will be deemed necessary to support the logic of Open Access: Open Data, so that research can be verified and built upon; Open Science, where the research process is conducted publicly; Open Source, where the research tools and software algorithms are transparent and accessible; and Open Peer Review, where the verification of research findings are themselves open to scrutiny for bias and inconsistency. Each of these recursions requires changes to the technological, social and bureaucratic configuration of universities (this gradual reconfiguration occupies much of my day-to-day work). Although the concept of recursion suggests a series of steps or iterations, each recursive element can occur concurrently, deferring its limits to the next process while continuing to unfold. As Kelty has noted, "the 'depth' of the recursion is determined by the openness necessary for the project itself." (2008:30). The depth of recursion required by the logic of OA is still being worked out and remains a contested public through which the nature and purpose of science is being questioned. Kelty's 'recursive public' is nothing more than a generalisation of political struggle expressed in terms immanent to its subject. Open Access has recursive implications that amount to the socialisation of the means of production of science. The production of a scientific commons. Communism.
I am grateful to Richard Hall for making clear to me something I had not fully grasped until now. The university itself is a means of production.
Author Joss WinnPosted on June 1, 2013 June 1, 2013 Categories NotesTags Commons, means of production, science, Sohn-Rethel, Student as Producer2 Comments on Notes on the university and the means of production
The student as producer: reinventing the student experience in higher education
With Mike Neary
In this chapter, we set out to provide an overview of recent critical responses to the corporatisation of higher education and the configuration of the student as consumer. We also discuss the relationship between the core activities of teaching and research and reflect on both nineteenth century discourse and more recent efforts to re-establish the university as a liberal humanist institution, where teaching and research are equal and fundamental aspects of academic life. While recognizing recent efforts which acknowledge and go some way to addressing the need for enquiry-based learning and constructivist models of student participation, we argue that a more critical approach is necessary to promote change at an institutional level. This critical approach looks at the wider social, political and economic context beyond the institution and introduces the work of Benjamin and other Marxist writers who have argued that a critique of the social relations of capitalist production is central to understanding and remodelling the role of the university and the relationship between academic and student. The idea of student as producer encourages the development of collaborative relations between student and academic for the production of knowledge. However, if this idea is to connect to the project of refashioning in fundamental ways the nature of the university, then further attention needs to be paid to the framework by which the student as producer contributes towards mass intellectuality. This requires academics and students to do more than simply redesign their curricula, but go further and redesign the organizing principle, (i.e. private property and wage labour), through which academic knowledge is currently being produced. An exemplar alternative organizing principle is already proliferating in universities in the form of open, networked collaborative initiatives which are not intrinsically anti-capital but, fundamentally, ensure the free and creative use of research materials. Initiatives such as Science Commons, Open Knowledge and Open Access, are attempts by academics and others to lever the Internet to ensure that research output is free to use, re-use and distribute without legal, social or technological restriction (www.opendefinition.org). Through these efforts, the organizing principle is being redressed creating a teaching, learning and research environment which promotes the values of openness and creativity, engenders equity among academics and students and thereby offers an opportunity to reconstruct the student as producer and academic as collaborator. In an environment where knowledge is free, the roles of the educator and the institution necessarily change. The educator is no longer a delivery vehicle and the institution becomes a landscape for the production and construction of a mass intellect in commons.
Published in The Future of Higher Education: Policy, Pedagogy and the Student Experience
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Author Joss WinnPosted on April 15, 2009 May 19, 2013 Categories Book chaptersTags Commons, free culture, Student as Producer, universityLeave a comment on The student as producer: reinventing the student experience in higher education


Modern Dining Chair IM-Sophia Wenge. Stained or lacquered wood back with decorative cutouts. Upholstered in leatherette over foam seat. Chromed steel base. Design by Jan Sabro. Available finishes: Walnut/Chrome/Black, Wenge/Chrome/Black and White.
Assembly Instructions - Dining Chair.
Dining Chair: W17.5" x D20" x H33".


The population of Khabarovsk Krai according to census results and latest official estimates.
The population of all cities and urban settlements in Khabarovsk Krai according to census results and latest official estimates.
Source: (2002) (2010) (2018) Federal State Statistics Service Russia (web).


A. J. Langer, the actress who played everyone's favorite free-spirited, bohemian teenage alcoholic on My So-Called Life, has grown up to become an actual British noblewoman.
It's a real-life fairy tale. Langer met her husband, Charles Courtenay, at the very royal-sounding Hard Rock Circle Bar in Las Vegas in 2002. According to The Telegraph, she didn't know he was a member of the British aristocracy — her attraction probably stemmed from some subconscious response to his floppy, middle-parted 1990s haircut. They married in 2005, and this month, after her husband's father passed away and he inherited the title Earl of Devon, Langer became the castle-owning Countess of Devon.
From now on, Langer will be remembered not as the chick who stole Jordan Catalano from Angela Chase, but as the Countess chick who stole Jordan Catalano from Angela Chase.


Do away with many mandatory minimums for drug offenses, specifically if the convict is not a habitual offender.
Allows for convictions involving crack cocaine to be evaluated as equivalent to powder cocaine.
Reduces mandatory minimums for manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, possessing, importing, or exporting specified controlled substances.
This Bill would go a long way towards mending racial disparities often noted in drug sentences; it would also reduce overall costs while lowing the incarceration rate.


Men are into gadgets and cars and they'd spend more hours scanning hardware shelves to score new tools than shop for skincare products. Women do the grocery shopping most of the time and when it comes to skin care, if you leave the men to do it, they'd probably pick a product they know from eighth grade. Geez.
This September, help the men in your life refine their choices with Pevonia Organic Skincare. When a man reaches his 30s, he becomes more concerned about his age so starting a basic anti-aging skincare routine is step one to achieving younger looking skin.
Men's skin has thicker epithelium or outer layer so it's important to use skincare products especially made for men to address their needs.
Go for regular facial treatment at the spa. Facial treatment for men is different from regular facial because men's skin needs more hydration and it needs a powerhouse combo of repair actives. Because men's skin is thicker, it needs products with tremendous ability to penetrate and bond moisture to skin.
Sunscreen is a must. No excuses. In a study done by Skin Cancer Foundation, men are more prone to Melanoma than women. Excessive exposure to the harmful sun rays burns men's skin and that is because men tend to take for granted proper skin protection than women.
Exfoliate. And we mean men should exfoliate more often than women.
After-shave balm isn't a substitute for moisturiser. Aftershave only shrinks the damaged pores so you need a moisturiser to hydrate your skin.
Have a nutritious diet. Remember, it shows on your skin when you eat healthy food so when you don't, the dullness becomes even more visible. Tip: the more colourful your plate is, the better. Fruits and veggies are life changing!
This entry was posted in Promotions, Skin Care and tagged Age Defying Myoxy Cavia Balm, anti-aging, Aqua Gel Foaming Cleanser, Easy Glide Shaving Emulsion, Exfoliate, Father's Day, men, organic, pevonia, Pevonia Skin Fitness for Him, skin care, Skin Fit treatment for Men, skincare, Soothing After Shave Balm, starter pack, sunscreen by Elaine. Bookmark the permalink.
Elaine is a lifestyle contributor. Extremely passionate about writing, she co-manages lifestyle blogs with friends. Topics include arts & crafts, beauty, skincare, music, and travel. A late bloomer, Elaine has just recently discovered her love for skincare, makeup, accessories, and anything vintage. When she's not working on her DIY projects, playing the piano or studying strings, she's out exploring the outdoors. Professionally, Elaine does marketing communications and manages social media accounts for several international luxury brands. Her ultimate dream is to write and publish her own book. She hopes to share her interesting finds and daily musings.


Discussion in 'Independent' started by euphelia, Mar 16, 2011.
Hi Theo and anyone else who might know. I started at a school (ind) in September on 0.8, so part-time, but on a permanent contract. I've been told the post is becoming full-time for next year. I can't work full-time at the moment so will not apply for full-time job when it comes up. I'm clear that means I now have no job for next year and need to get another one - but if I don't manage to get another one for September, will I need to resign anyway? And does that mean I wouldn't be eligible for jobseekers' allowance? Thank you.
I am no expert so I hope someone else also replies but if you are not able to secure another job for next year then surely you would be entitled to redundancy and not have to resign as your contract is permanent and it is the school who are changing the situation.


text:
Tell Congress to pass the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement
As Mexico and Canada move to approve the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), the U.S. Chamber of Commerce needs your help in pushing it over the finish line here in the United States.
More than 12 million American jobs depend on trade with Canada and Mexico, and U.S. manufacturers export more made-in-America manufactured goods to our North American neighbors than they do to the next 11 largest export markets combined. In fact, Canada and Mexico account for nearly one-third of U.S. agricultural exports, and are the top export destinations for U.S. small and medium-size businesses.
The Maryland Chamber of Commerce has urged our federal delegation to support and approve this crucial trade agreement, as it is critically important to Maryland, which exported more than $1.6 billion worth of goods to Canada in 2018. Canada is Maryland's largest trading partner and is responsible for 14 percent of our total yearly exports. Mexico is our ninth largest trading partner, with 3.5 percent of Maryland exports heading south. Additionally, more than 6,000 small and medium-size businesses in the state export their products across international borders. Without the USMCA, these businesses would lose access to markets, which would cost both revenues and jobs.
Preserving and strengthening our trade ties to Canada and Mexico is critical to our economic future. Approval of the USMCA will ensure that U.S. manufacturers, farmers and service providers can continue to access Canadian and Mexican markets. Further, by creating a level playing field for trade in North America, the USMCA will help U.S. companies and the workers they employ compete in our top two export markets.
For more information about the USMCA and its impact on Maryland, click here.
To send a letter urging your member of Congress to pass the agreement, click here.
Click here (or see below) to read the USMCA letter sent to Congress with the support of more than 600 organizations nationwide, including the Maryland Chamber of Commerce.
Be sure to spread the word on social media using the hashtag #USMCAnow, and click here to download related graphics.
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS:
On behalf of the undersigned business and agriculture organizations and chambers of commerce from across the United States, we are writing to urge you to support the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. USMCA is critical to our economic future because it will preserve and strengthen U.S. trade ties to Canada and Mexico.
More than 12 million American jobs depend on trade with Canada and Mexico. U.S. manufacturers export more made-in-America manufactured goods to our North American neighbors than they do to the next 11 largest export markets combined, and the two countries account for nearly one-third of U.S. agricultural exports. They are also the top two export destinations for U.S. small and medium-size businesses, more than 120,000 of which sell their goods and services to Canada and Mexico.
Approval of USMCA will ensure U.S. manufacturers, farmers, and service providers can continue to access the Canadian and Mexican markets. The new pact guarantees that virtually all U.S. exports will enter these markets tariff-free.
USMCA will also modernize North American trade rules. For example, when NAFTA was negotiated a quarter century ago, there was no e-commerce; consequently, the agreement did not address this sector. USMCA's digital trade chapter sets a new, high standard, as the agreement does in areas from intellectual property protection to trade in services.
By creating a level playing field for trade in North America, USMCA will help U.S. companies and the workers they employ compete in our top two export markets. The case for the agreement's approval is strong. We urge Congress to approve USMCA as soon as possible.
WITH THE LEADING VOICE
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ACCE 40 Under 40 Winner, Whitney Harmel!
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Jorge, W.; Butler, S.; Benirschke, K.
An accidental mating between an eland male and a kudu female produced an animal with primarily eland phenotypic characters. Despite pronounced male behaviour, the animal was azoospermic. Histological examination of the testis showed complete lack of germ cells. Chromosome studies with analysis of Giemsa bands showed that the parental karyotypes differed by 2 reciprocal translocations and 1 pericentric inversion, involving chromosomes 1 and 3, 5 and 11, and 9 resp.


Behind the nickname of Oh! Ilaliss, hides Alice, a young 30 year old who is a graphic artist and illustrator.
Alice has always been passionate for drawing, when she is not working she devotes all of her free time to her passion, in Saint-Malo where she currently lives and works.
For her drawings, Alice finds her inspiration in her immediate environment, on the street, in people's houses. being very creative and observant, at the end is everything about her daily life that we can see reflected in her pieces.
Oh! Ilaliss is not really seeking to establish a connection between her different compositions, the only common point its her unique and humorous line that can be appreciated in each one of her drawings.


text:
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Garter + Derringer: premium denim, straight outta NYC
April 24, 2012 • 2012 • denim • design • Garter + Derringer • Inspiration • jeans • Made in the USA • NYC
Garter + Derringer is a premium denim company, owned and operated by brothers Alek and Amaury Esposito. Talk about sibling synergy; Amaury designs and Alek handles the business side. Based in Manhattan, Garter + Derringer is authentically a product of New York City, just like the brothers themselves. I caught up with Alek and Amaury to discover what Garter + Derringer is really about and how these brothers have built a successful line around one of the most difficult garments to make and do right: JEANS.
Is it hard to work together as siblings? Have you always gotten along?
Alek: That's a good one. It can be hard at times because we can both be very opinionated and sometimes stubborn, but we have learned to agree to disagree at times because the company has to always comes first. We both understand it's always business- never personal. After all, we are working towards the same goals and I feel like all siblings have their ups and downs growing up and most grow out of it. We are no different.
Amaury: Alek says it all. Most importantly, nothing gets held back.
Are your backgrounds in fashion? How did you arrive in the world of apparel design, specifically denim?
Alek: I have worked very little in fashion, but I have always shopped the market. I have always been a fan, especially appreciating quality denim and superior fit. I am more interested in the day to day running of a business. That has always been my end goal- to learn the ins and outs and have something to call my own. In this case, our own.
Amaury: When I was 18, a friend and I attempted starting a Hoodie line; it did not work out. I decided to go to work in the industry before trying anything like that again. I landed at Helmut Lang where I stayed for 4 years. I opted out of college so I like to think of my time there as my education, and I'm glad to say I had some unbelievable teachers.
As for denim, there was always a love and adoration for it, but with that also came a great fear; denim is no joke. By the time I was ready to step out on my own it was a full-blown obsession and I was ready to embrace the fear.
What inspired the creation of Garter + Derringer?
Amaury: We went to elementary school in East Harlem in the 90's, where everyday was a fashion show, and the critics were harsh. Iif you didn't have those new Jordans or ANYTHING Ralph Lauren or Tommy Hillfiger then you just weren't doing it right and chances were, you were going to hear about it. I think that definitely left a lasting impression on us both. We like nice things.
As for starting the line, I've always known I wanted to start my own line. I'm far too opinionated a person to just critique others (plus, that's unhealthy.) I had to put something out there of my own. So after working in the industry for a while and gaining some much required knowledge and experience, I felt that I was ready. There was an uncontrollable urge and will to start this. And here we are.
Alek: Yeah, when I was coming out of elementary school and into junior high in 96-97 it was Tommy, Polo, and Nautica and that was all that mattered! That was fun and all, but I'm glad we've come to the point where if you're trending-you're not. These days you have to make it your own.
What sets Garter + Derringer apart from other denim?
Amaury: This is always the toughest question. Well for starters, our shank buttons are made with 24k gold. Just kidding! We put a lot of emphasis on quality and fit, and since all our denim is produced in New York City-our home, it allows us to keep an extra close eye on making sure the consistency is always there, sometimes I feel as if I live in a factory.
Our denim is very minimal and classic, no bells and whistles. When you ask for a 5-pocket jean, that's exactly what you're going to get. There's no gold. It's really a no frills approach.
Garter + Derringer is headquartered in New York City. Would you say Garter + Derringer is a NYC company? How does your location influence what you do at Garter + Derringer?
Amaury: Manhattan is the the center of it all. The Garment District houses a large amount of the world's top fashion brands, and although many have split from the neighborhood over the years for lower Manhattan, it's still the epicenter. It's where the magic happens. Garter + Derringer is very much a product of Manhattan. We've lived our whole lives on this Island. It represents so much of what we love and what we're about. There's so much energy on these streets it's impossible not to be influenced and inspired. We are privy to some of the best street style in the world. To see it, all you have to do is walk out of your door. I sometimes walk the streets for hours on end, never getting bored. There's always something interesting, always something new and cool- two words that resonate very deeply in fashion. And that's what we're all about: staying new, the impossible cool. It's what we strive for every day.
Alek: That sums is up for me as well. It's also a place where a lot of women are going straight from the office and out to dinner or drinks without going home and changing. It's more of a seamless transition here than anywhere else; you never know where you'll end up and I feel like denim in the workplace is a lot more common and acceptable these days, which is great.
Have you had any "We've arrived!" moments at Garter + Derringer? The kind of moment when you know that you're on to something...
Amaury: I can't say that I've had that moment yet. My gut tells me indeed we are on to something and it's close. We've set the bar high; knock us out of our chairs when that moment arrives. Still waiting to be floored, please!
What's next for Garter + Derringer? What's inspiring you today?
Amaury: We're going to continue doing what we're doing while growing as a company. As a designer, there's always that sense of urgency you get when you know you're on to something and want to rush into things and start producing everything. We realize that can be very dangerous. I wouldn't say we're going to play it safe, but let's just say I wouldn't expect to see any special deliveries of neon jeans anytime soon. We're reasonably young as a company and as people; so everything is next, just a question of when and in what order it will come.
As for what's inspiring us today, any and everything. Time is moving fast and people are willing to put up with a lot less BS. It's got to be better each time around. Complacency is the enemy.
Alek: I totally agree and the 2012 consumer is much different than let's say the '02 consumer. I feel like even the average shopper knows what a quality garment looks like these days and would rather pay top dollar for it than to cheap out on something that will have to be replaced a year from now. You go into a store and see more people looking at the seams of garments and touching the fabric, even checking the country of origin label. Consumers aren't clueless these days. You have blogs and magazines and endless resources that weren't as readily available 10 years ago. More and more, people are shopping for timeless wardrobe staples that will be with them for many seasons to come. We are trying to give them that.
LA POP UP: Rex Design + SUAI
POP UP: Ashley Rowe + Tekuno
TextileHause + Nin Studio: San Francisco POP UP
LOS ANGELES: Dopp City
DOPP City: Launch Party
Dialogues No.18 / Yuun Studio
ali golden
Aoko Su
Ashley Jerman
Bahama Kangaroo
Base Range
Big Things
Brickhouse Metalwork
Cal Volner-Dison
Charles Papillo
Cool Chris
Devil's Teeth
Eric Kvatek
Ever Gold Gallery
Farallon Islands
Farallones
First Rite
frost river
Garter + Derringer
Greg Ito
Groove Merchant
Joshu + Vela
Julia Lemke
kaarem
Ken Ken
log your life
Matt Clough
Megan Thomas-Melly
Momoko Suzuki
Nikki Garcia
Obbi Good Label
Press: Works on Paper
Rebecca Goldschmidt
Robert Talbot
SAWA Shoes
SFAQ
Stefano Ughetti
stone+cloth
Susan Casey
Taj Robinson
women we love
Yukako Ezoe
Please join us for an evening with Rex Design & SUAI. Fluid form ceramics + delicate minimalist jewelry. Have a mezcal cocktail, meet the designers, shop the collections! Saturday. November...
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Grammy works in the gardens at the campground. For first year gardens, they are producing quite nicely. While she is busy watering, mulching and weeding, Brady P. and I go visit her. And help if we can.
Braeden likes to help by throwing his ball into the plants. He throws it right into the broccoli patch. He chucks it right through the rows of corn. He sinks it deep into the kale plants.
And then he has to find it.
When his ball is too hidden for him to find, he will interrupt our chores by pressing his palms together, moving them up and down and grunting "uh, uh." His sign for "help."
"I will help you Braeden," I volunteer, so Grammy can keep moving along. "You threw the ball in the broccoli!" I tell him. "Let's find it."
He stands next to me as I pull the leaves back and look under the plants. "Baa-aall, where aaaare you?" I sing as I duck under the foliage.
I want Braeden to know we are looking through the broccoli. And when he throws it in the corn, I want him to know it's in the corn. No matter which vegetable the ball lands in, Grammy and I tell him the name of it. The chances of him memorizing all the plants by fall is minimal, but I think it's a great opportunity for him to learn where his food comes from.
Soon enough we find his ball. "Here it is, Brady P!" I shout to him. "Now stay on the path."
The only way we can allow him to stay in the garden at all is because he learned what the path is. Now it took laps of Grammy and me marching through the garden with him on our heels to learn what the path was. "Marching on the path," we sing to whatever nursery rhyme was stuck in our heads that day.
And he walks right behind us on the dirt path. That way, when he goes to find his ball in the corn, we can yell, "Stay on the path!" and he looks down, and finds a path to the corn. It's fun to make a game out of it. Sometimes we zigzag through like a maze, and I ask him where he thinks the path goes from a certain spot. He can usually find one.
He certainly likes the challenge of learning, and he loves that ball. Uh oh, where did it go this time?