text:
L'uomo nel labirinto o La città-labirinto (titolo originale The Man in the Maze) è un romanzo di fantascienza scritto da Robert Silverberg e pubblicato nel 1968, esplicitamente ispirato al mito greco di Filottete e alla tragedia di Sofocle basata su di esso.

Appartiene al periodo di maggior vena creativa dell'autore, dalla seconda metà degli anni sessanta alla prima metà degli anni settanta, caratterizzato da opere come Ali della notte (1969) e Morire dentro (1972).

Ambientazione
Nello scenario futuro del romanzo, grazie alla propulsione a distorsione iperspaziale l'umanità ha potuto viaggiare in altri sistemi solari della propria galassia. Nel corso di due secoli di esplorazione, sono stati scoperti moltissimi pianeti potenzialmente abitabili, simili alla Terra, però non sono state incontrate altre specie intelligenti, solo le tracce del fatto che siano esistite in passato ma si siano estinte da decine di migliaia o milioni di anni.

Beta Hydri IV
Finalmente su Beta Hydri IV, sotto una perenne coltre di nubi planetaria, viene scoperta la prima specie aliena intelligente ancora vivente.
Per dieci anni il pianeta viene tenuto in quarantena, si preferisce non entrare in contatto con gli hydrani, che hanno raggiunto uno stadio di evoluzione tecnologica paragonabile a quello della Terra del XX secolo, almeno finché non intraprenderanno viaggi spaziali.
Ma questa scelta prudente viene meno quando si scopre una specie intelligente in un'altra galassia, ad un livello evolutivo superiore a quello umano, e si rende necessario stabilire dei rapporti o addirittura un'alleanza difensiva con i "vicini" hydrani, in prospettiva del prossimo contatto con gli extra-galattici.
Per il primo contatto viene designato l'esperto esploratore e diplomatico Richard Muller, che scende su Beta Hydri IV e trascorre un anno fra quegli esseri dai molti e lunghi arti, simili a ragni, probabilmente telepatici, senza riuscire a fare alcun progresso nella comunicazione con loro. Quando lascia il pianeta, non è consapevole che gli alieni hanno agito sulla sua mente, a sua insaputa.

Lemnos
Lemnos è un pianeta di tipo terrestre, il più interno di un sistema solare di una vecchia stella nana di tipo M, a 90 anni luce dalla Terra. È dotato di tre lune, chiamate come le Moire della mitologia greca, Cloto, Lachesi e Atropo.
Ha un giorno di 30 ore terrestri e un anno di 20 mesi terrestri. La sua atmosfera è respirabile per l'uomo.

È un pianeta desolato, abbandonato da almeno un milione di anni dalla razza aliena che l'ha abitato e che ha lasciato la più impressionante vestigia di una specie aliena estinta finora trovata nella propria esplorazione dai terrestri, il Labirinto.

Il Labirinto è strutturato in anelli concentrici, separati da mura in terrapieno alte 5 metri. La sua circonferenza esterna è di quasi 100 km, quella della parte interna di circa 20–30 km. Circondato da un campo di forza difensivo, è composto da otto zone distinte, differenti per stile architettonico e pericolosità: nelle più esterne le trappole mortali abbondano, ma neanche le altre sono del tutto innocue. Vi è una sola entrata sicura per ogni zona, tutte le altre sono false e portano alla morte.

Pur disabitato da un milione di anni, è in gran parte intatto, non usurato dal tempo. Meccanismi vecchi di millenni (trappole, acquedotto, macchinari di manutenzione) funzionano ancora alla perfezione. Al suo interno vivono almeno venti specie di mammiferi di tutte le dimensioni.

Non presenta alcun indizio sui costruttori né sul motivo per cui una simile struttura sia stata costruita, se per difendersi da un attacco nemico, o per pura paranoia, senza un effettivo nemico esterno.

Malgrado i pericoli mortali che contiene, esercita un fascino irresistibile sugli archeologi, non solo terrestri: al suo interno vi sono infatti i resti di esploratori di molte specie aliene. Richard Muller è il primo a riuscire a raggiungerne il centro.

Altri luoghi
Nel corso del romanzo vengono citati diversi altri pianeti:
 Marduk, quarto pianeta del sistema Tau Ceti, a 12 anni luce dalla Terra, progettato come mondo di piacere e svago per i minatori che lavorano sugli altri mondi del sistema; è un mondo senza stagioni, una copia della Terra nei suoi aspetti naturali migliori.
 Delta Pavonis VI (Loki per i suoi abitanti), a 20 anni luce dalla Terra, è rimasto isolato dal pianeta d'origine per 50 anni, sviluppando propri usi e tradizioni peculiari, fra cui la pratica dell'obesità artificiale.
 82 Eridani, Rigel XXII, Alpha Centauri IV.

Personaggi
 Richard "Dick" Muller, diplomatico, esploratore, soldato, pioniere. Viaggiatore instancabile, a 25 anni lascia la Terra e prima dei quaranta ha già visitato un centinaio di mondi, diventando famoso. Cinquantenne, ha ormai l'autorevolezza di uno statista, pur non ricoprendo alcun incarico politico o amministrativo ufficiale. A 53 anni viene scelto come rappresentante della Terra per il primo contatto diretto con una specie aliena, su Beta Hydri IV. Trascorre un anno tra gli hydriani, senza ottenere visibili risultati. Tornato sulla Terra scopre di essere un eroe ma anche una sorta di lebbroso: è stato irrimediabilmente cambiato dagli alieni, segnato da un male che rende la sua presenza insopportabile per gli altri. Dopo pochi mesi, resosi conto che nessuno è capace di resistere a lungo vicino a lui e non avendo alcun desiderio di infliggere inutile sofferenza ad altre persone, rifiuta la scelta più facile, la morte, per quella più difficile, l'isolamento: lascia la Terra e si esilia volontariamente sul pianeta disabitato di Lemnos, dove si aspetta di vivere una sessantina d'anni in solitudine, prima di una morte tranquilla.
 Charles Boardman, di una generazione più vecchio di Muller, lavora come lui al servizio della società umana, senza avere una carica ufficiale. Astuto, manipolatore, dedito al benessere dell'umanità, zelante ma pericolosamente privo di scrupoli. È l'immagine stessa dell'autorità, lo stereotipo dell'"eminenza grigia". Fin da giovane ha simulato l'invecchiamento per guadagnarne in credibilità e rispetto: ora ottantenne, fin da quando aveva 40 anni ne ha dimostrati 55. In futuro prevede di assumere un aspetto più vicino alla propria età reale, per acquisire anche esteticamente l'autorevolezza del vecchio saggio.
 Ned Rawlins, 23 anni, alto, biondo, occhi azzurri, è l'immagine della bellezza e dell'ingenuità giovanile. Il padre, amico intimo di Muller, è prematuramente scomparso (morto per un incidente a poco più di cinquant'anni in una società in cui è possibile arriva a centosessanta). Viene scelto da Boardman per accompagnarlo su Lemnos: si tratta della sua prima missione diplomatica.

Trama
Sono passati ormai nove anni da quando il diplomatico ed esploratore Richard Muller ha abbandonato la Terra, dopo l'esito traumatico della sua storica missione di primo contatto su Beta Hydri IV, e si è autoesiliato sul pianeta disabitato di Lemnos dove un innato istinto di conservazione, la fortuna, la rassegnazione e un desiderio di morte gli hanno permesso di conquistare per primo il mortale Labirinto, trovando in esso il rifugio perfetto, inaccessibile.

Il suo isolamento assoluto viene interrotto dall'arrivo di un'astronave terrestre che, a sua insaputa, sta cercando proprio lui. Charles Boardman, maturo diplomatico, che conosce Muller da trent'anni ed è responsabile, più o meno direttamente, sia della missione su Beta Hydri IV che dell'esilio su Lemnos, ha un disperato bisogno di Muller perché proprio quella condizione che lo rende inadatto alla vita in mezzo agli altri ora potrebbe essere l'unica salvezza per l'intera umanità, posta di fronte ad una minaccia senza precedenti. Sa però che lui non ha nessuna intenzione di collaborare ed aiutare la Terra, non c'è modo di costringerlo ad uscire dal labirinto di sua spontanea volontà e la sua vita è troppo preziosa per metterla a rischio con un approccio offensivo. Per questo ha portato con sé il giovane ed innocente Ned Rawlins, di cui si vuole servire per arrivare a Muller con l'inganno.

Per riuscire a sconfiggere il labirinto, la spedizione ne affronta gli ostacoli in un modo sistematico mai utilizzato prima, servendosi di droni meccanici sacrificabili. Ci vogliono però nove giorni e un centinaio di droni distrutti per raggiungere il centro, ma il labirinto esige anche un tributo di sangue, cinque uomini morti. Muller sceglie di non fare nulla per impedire agli intrusi di raggiungerlo, per un desiderio inconfessato di spezzare il proprio totale isolamento.

Quando Ned incontra finalmente Muller, finge di appartenere ad una missione archeologica e di essere totalmente sorpreso dalla presenza dell'uomo nel Labirinto. Come pianificato da Boardman, grazie alla sua apparenza aperta ed innocente, conquista gradualmente la fiducia dell'instabile e paranoico Muller, che alterna momenti di gelido rifiuto ad altri di timida apertura nei suoi confronti.

Il giovane è il primo ad esporsi in modo così continuo e ravvicinato al "male" che affligge Muller: è un flusso interiore disordinato e incontrollabile di emozioni negative (disperazione, rimpianto, dolore, odio, angoscia, paura, gelosia, amarezza, disgusto, disprezzo, ira, impotenza, sgomento, solitudine), che a distanza ravvicinata travolge chi ne viene investito, causando autentica sofferenza ed un profondo stato di depressione, mentre più lontano causa solo un generico malessere.

Ned comprende che quell'irresistibile emanazione dell'anima non appartiene a Muller in quanto individuo, ma alla sua essenza di essere umano: è «un urlo silenzioso di collera cosmica», è la consapevolezza del senso negativo dell'esistenza. Forse tutti gli umani emettono lo stesso messaggio, come radiofari che trasmettono ma, fortunatamente, sono incapaci di ricevere. Si tratta di una sorta di rumore di fondo che gli uomini non dovrebbero essere in grado di sentire.

Muller ha avuto molto tempo per riflettere sulla propria situazione e giungere alle stesse conclusioni, cogliendone però gli aspetti radicalmente peggiori.
Quell'insopportabile "fetore mentale" è l'odore della natura umana: il semplice esistere infligge tali ferite non rimarginabili nell'animo di ognuno che, se fossimo capaci di percepirne la puzza emanata, non potremmo sopportarci a vicenda e la società umana non potrebbe nemmeno esistere.
L'intervento degli hydrani (forse non maligno, ma volto a guarirlo dall'incapacità di condividere le emozioni) ha reso Muller l'essere umano per eccellenza, l'unico che non possa nascondere la propria umanità, eppure nel contempo l'ha estromesso da essa.
Il suo male non è altro che un'insostenibile verità, una spina nella coscienza di ogni abitante della Terra: l'uomo dev'essere l'essere peggiore dell'universo se non può nemmeno sopportare i propri simili.

Non incolpa nessuno per quello che gli è successo, se non se stesso. Tutta la sua vita è stata mossa dall'orgoglio, dall'ambizione, dalla sete di gloria, dalla brama di fama ed immortalità («vedevo le stelle e volevo farle mie»).
Ha accettato la missione su Beta Hydri IV perché era una proposta impossibile da rifiutare, essere il primo uomo ad entrare in contatto con un'altra specie intelligente era un'irresistibile garanzia di immortalità. Anche se Boardman non ha avuto nessun bisogno di ingannarlo per convincerlo ad accettare, Muller non gli perdona di aver fatto leva proprio sulla sua debolezza.
È sceso fra gli hydrani sentendosi un Dio ed è stato mutilato, martirizzato: ha voluto superare il limite, ha peccato di hýbris ed è stato punito come meritava, gli è stata impartita una severa lezione che ha distrutto ogni sua illusione di divinità; ha aspirato ad una condizione sovrumana ed è stato calpestato, fatto a pezzi, costretto a rifugiarsi in un mondo morto, per rimettere insieme i frammenti del suo essere.

Una volta conquistata la fiducia di Muller, Ned non deve far altro che promettergli che sulla Terra ora esiste la cura per la sua condizione, seguendo suo malgrado il piano di Boardman, che gli ha chiesto di commettere un'azione ignobile per un motivo nobile. Muller inizialmente obietta di credere nel destino, nel contrappasso della trasgressione, nel rovesciamento di chi si è reso colpevole di troppo orgoglio. Quando il giovane obietta che non vivono in una tragedia greca, ma nel mondo reale, contesta la sua visione delle cose cinica e adolescenziale, accusandolo di essere addirittura compiaciuto della propria miseria, e lo invita a dimenticare e perdonare il passato,
Muller si rende conto di non poter ingannare se stesso: per quanto provi disprezzo per il genere umano, non desidera prolungare il proprio isolamento, ma la prospettiva di uscirne lo spaventa.

Dopo aver ingannato Muller in questo modo, la convinzione di Ned si incrina, non riesce a portare avanti oltre la finzione. Boardman si aspettava il momento di ribellione del giovane ed è costretto a rivelargli il proprio piano: una volta portato l'uomo fuori dal labirinto, non sarà necessaria la sua collaborazione spontanea, non gli sarà permesso scegliere, sarà solo uno strumento.

Scoperto che a Muller non verrà lasciata alcuna libertà di scelta, Ned decide di confessargli tutta la verità, proprio quando quello si era ormai convinto a tornare sulla Terra.
Una specie aliena extragalattica, straordinariamente evoluta, che usa le frequenze radio e vede l'intero spettro, dopo essersi espansa nella propria galassia ora ha raggiunto anche quella della Terra. Questi giganteschi, inimmaginabili radio-esseri, originari di un pianeta gassoso, non sono in grado di svolgere nemmeno le più semplici attività manuali, per questo schiavizzano forme di vita inferiori, sfruttandone la manualità e le capacità di movimento. Si sono già impossessati di sei pianeti periferici, schiavizzandone i coloni umani. Qualsiasi tentativo di comunicazione con gli alieni è fallito e Boardman è convinto che non si siano nemmeno resi conto di avere a che fare con esseri senzienti. Per tentare di fare appello ad un qualche universale codice morale, è necessario che i radio-esseri comprendano che gli umani sono esseri intelligenti, da non ridurre a meri strumenti, e l'unico modo è farli entrare in contatto con il solo uomo capace di trasmettere la propria anima, Muller.

Boardman è costretto ad agire in prima persona, per scongiurare il rischio che Muller decida di suicidarsi. Muller è bloccato e disarmato, ma Ned gli consegna un'arma, restituendogli la possibilità di scelta. Boardman arriva a dichiararsi disposto ad offrire la propria vita in cambio della sua collaborazione, ma l'altro sostiene che preferirebbe uccidersi piuttosto che uccidere, perché con il suicidio ripagherebbe l'umanità del male che gli ha fatto. Ma, alla fine, decide di arrendersi. Secondo la successiva spiegazione di Boardman al perplesso Ned, è stato proprio il gesto ingenuamente romantico del giovane a risolvere la situazione: mentre da un lato il vecchio diplomatico incarna agli occhi di Muller il lato peggiore della società umana, Ned gli ha dimostrato, anteponendo i propri principi a tutto il resto, che c'è ancora speranza per gli uomini.

Muller, dopo essersi preparato in segreto sulla Luna, scegliendo di non tornare sulla Terra, raggiunge uno dei sei pianeti colonizzati dai terrestri ora controllati dagli esseri extragalattici ed entra in contatto con quello che sovrintende, dall'orbita, le attività degli schiavi umani. L'essere alieno, enorme, dalla forma indistinta, esercita una forza irresistibile su Muller: l'umano, che si sente come se la sua anima fosse risucchiata, offre con piacere se stesso all'essere che si abbevera al suo spirito, riversa fuori con sollievo tutto ciò che ha dentro, fino ad esserne prosciugato.

Quando Muller viene lasciato andare, ha la sensazione che l'alieno abbia completamente assorbito, in modo accidentale, non intenzionale, la sua emanazione negativa, cosa che gli viene confermata dal successivo incontro con Rawlins. Il giovane inizialmente non riesce a capire perché l'uomo, pur essendo guarito, scelga di rifugiarsi nuovamente nel Labirinto di Lemnos, invece di tornare sulla Terra. In seguito, dubita però che, come sostiene il più realistico Boardman, prima o poi lo farà, quando si sentirà pronto per tornare alla vita, perché si è convinto che ormai Muller sia andato oltre, che forse non sia più esattamente umano, ma in pace con sé stesso.

Per quanto lo riguarda, Rawlins guarda con aspettativa ad un futuro pieno di grandi prove: ancora non si conosce la reazione dei radio-esseri all'incontro con Muller.
È consapevole di essere animato dalla stessa attrazione per le stelle del Muller ventenne, ma anche dell'eventualità di poter trovare davanti a sé un proprio labirinto.

Riferimenti al mito greco e alla tragedia di Sofocle
Nel mito, Filottete riceve la ferita dalla puzza insopportabile come punizione per un giuramento violato. Nel romanzo, Muller è convinto che la sua condizione sia la conseguenza della sua sfrenata ambizione e della sua presunzione di elevarsi a Dio attraverso l'esplorazione dell'universo. La puzza fisica del mito diventa nel romanzo un'emanazione spirituale, ma altrettanto insopportabile.

Silverberg attribuisce al pianeta disabitato su cui Muller sceglie di autoesiliarsi lo stesso nome dell'isola greca sulla quale Filottete viene abbandonato, Lemnos.

Il romanzo ripropone attraverso i personaggi di Charles Boardman e Ned Rawlings esattamente i ruoli di Odisseo e Neottolemo: così come Odisseo ha causato l'abbandono di Filottete e ora cerca di arrivare a lui con l'inganno, Boardman è stato l'indiretta causa del male di Muller, gli ha suggerito il luogo dove potersi isolare dal resto dell'umanità e ora che ha bisogno del suo aiuto è pronto a tutto per averlo; così come Neottolemo, Ned è il giovane innocente che deve conquistare la fiducia e l'amicizia dell'esiliato, ma poi si ribella agli inganni di cui è stato complice suo malgrado.

La tragedia di Sofocle si conclude con un opportuno deus ex machina, allo stesso modo Silverberg risolve la trama del proprio romanzo senza una chiara giustificazione della scelta di Muller.

In un certo senso i personaggi stessi sono consapevoli che la loro vicenda affonda le radici nell'antichità. Boardman, che non ha mai aspirato a comandare, solo a consigliare, si paragona esplicitamente a Odisseo/Ulisse e pensa in futuro di modificare il proprio aspetto per assomigliare più al vecchio saggio Nestore. Muller, per spiegare la propria condizione, utilizza il concetto proprio della tragedia greca di hýbris, e si paragona a Edipo e Prometeo.

Edizioni

  Raccolta di tre romanzi

Collegamenti esterni

Romanzi di Robert Silverberg
Romanzi di fantascienza
Romanzi di autori statunitensi


text:
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The primary data source for the Community Benefit Insight tool is IRS Form 990. Additional data sources are used to confirm nonprofit hospital status and provide contextual information about each hospital or health system. This supplemental information also allows for hospital comparisons. Data sources include:
Schedule H
CMS Cost Report
CMS Providers of Service
Kaiser Family Foundation
Hilltop Institute
The steps for acquiring and matching relevant hospital data are as follows:
Electronic IRS Form 990 data (including all submitted schedules) is extracted, by employer identification number or tax ID (EIN), from the Amazon Web Services (AWS) hosting site. Broad selection criteria are used to capture nonprofit hospital EINs from these sources:
IRS Exempt Organization Annual Extract of Financial Data (where Schedule H submission is indicated)
IRS Exempt Organization Business Master File Extract (where foundation or NTEE code is a hospital)
List of nonprofit hospital EINs collected in research performed by Dr. Gregory Tung and colleagues at the University of Colorado Denver - Department of Health Systems, Management, and Policy.
List of nonprofit hospital EINs collected by Northeastern University in development of the Community Benefit Web Tool prototype, a precursor to CBI.
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CMS Cost Report – where PRVDR_CTRL_TYPE_CD is voluntary nonprofit, church, or other.
CMS Providers of Service (POS) – where GNRL_CNTL_TYPE_CD is church, private (not for profit), or other.
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Short-Term/Acute
Critical Access (CAH)
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Standardized address match
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Exact matches where the CCN's EIN has changed from other years. This may be valid, but further examination is warranted to confirm an erroneous match did not occur.
Partial matches, some components of name and/or address are similar
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The EIN-to-CCN crosswalk (5 and 7) is used to build the Community Benefit Insight database from these sources:
Electronic Form 990 (Parts I and III) and Schedule H information.
CMS POS – Hospital county, bed count, medical school, church, and teaching affiliations.
Area Health Resource File (AHRF) – County level information for hospital county, such as per capita income, median income, % in poverty, % <65 w/o health insurance, unemployment rate.
Kaiser Family Foundation website – ACA Medicaid expansion and enrollment indicators.
Hilltop Institute – State community benefits reporting requirement indicator.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/*
 * dgMaster: A versatile, open source data generator.
 *(c) 2007 M. Michalakopoulos, mmichalak@gmail.com
 */

package generator.randomisers;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import generator.extenders.IRandomiserFunctionality;
import generator.extenders.RandomiserInstance;

public class NumIntegerRandomiser implements IRandomiserFunctionality
{
    Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NumIntegerRandomiser.class);
    Random probability, nullGen, gen;
    int fromField[], toField[];
    int limits[];
    int nulls;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of NumIntegerRandomiser
     */
    public NumIntegerRandomiser()
    {
    }

    public void setRandomiserInstance(RandomiserInstance ri)
    {
        String sRangesNum, sFromField, sToField, sPercentField, sNulls;
        int rangesNum, percentField[];
        LinkedHashMap<String,String> hashMap;

        hashMap = ri.getProperties();
        sRangesNum  = (String) hashMap.get("rangesNum");
        sNulls = (String) hashMap.get("nullField");
        try
        {
            rangesNum = Integer.parseInt(sRangesNum);
            nulls = Integer.parseInt(sNulls);
            fromField = new int[rangesNum];
            toField = new int[rangesNum];
            percentField = new int[rangesNum];
            limits = new int[rangesNum+1];//space reserved for nulls
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            logger.warn("Error setting the numerical values (1 - init)", e);
            nulls=0; rangesNum=0; fromField = null; toField = null; percentField=null;
        }

        limits[0] = 0;
        for(int i=1; i<=rangesNum; i++)
        {
            try
            {
                sFromField = (String) hashMap.get("fromField"+ (i-1) );
                sToField = (String) hashMap.get("toField"+ (i-1) );
                sPercentField = (String) hashMap.get("percentField"+ (i-1) );

                fromField[i-1] = Integer.parseInt(sFromField);
                toField[i-1] = Integer.parseInt(sToField);
                percentField[i-1] = Integer.parseInt(sPercentField);
                limits[i] = limits[i-1] + percentField[i-1];

            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                logger.warn("Error setting the numerical values (2 - Loop, index="+i+")", e);
            }
        }
        probability = new Random();
        nullGen     = new Random();
        gen         = new Random();
    }

    public Object generate()
    {
        //check the nulls first
        int prob;
        prob = nullGen.nextInt(100);
        if(prob<nulls)
            return null;

        prob = probability.nextInt(100);
        int idxGen = 0;
        for(int i=1; i<limits.length; i++)
        {
            if(prob>=limits[i-1] && prob<limits[i])
            {
                idxGen=i-1;
                break;
            }
        }
        int range = toField[idxGen] - fromField[idxGen];
        int number = fromField[idxGen] + gen.nextInt( range + 1 );

        return Integer.valueOf(number);
    }

    public void destroy()
    {
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	public boolean isListCompatible() {
		return false;
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	public Object generatefromlist(int pos, long numrecs, List<String> dslist) {
		//  Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kiev-class destroyer
Line drawings to different scales of the never-completed Kiev-class destroyers; Project 48 (top), Project 48-K (bottom)
Operators: Soviet Navy
Preceded by: Tashkent class
Succeeded by: None
Built: 1939–1941
Planned: 14 or 15[Note 1]
Completed: 0
Cancelled: 11 or 12
Scrapped: 3
Type: Destroyer leader
2,350 long tons (2,390 t) (standard)
3,045 long tons (3,094 t) (full load)
Length: 127.8 m (419 ft 3 in) (o/a)
Beam: 11.7 m (38 ft 5 in)
Draft: 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in)
Installed power:
3 water-tube boilers
90,000 shp (67,000 kW)
Propulsion: 3 shafts; 3 geared steam turbines
Speed: 42 knots (78 km/h; 48 mph)
Range: 4,100 nmi (7,600 km; 4,700 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement: 264
Armament:
3 × twin 130 mm (5.1 in) guns
1 × twin 76 mm (3 in) AA guns
4 × twin 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine guns
2 × quintuple 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes
86 mines
2 × depth charge throwers and 30 depth charges
The Kiev class (Russian: Киев) (officially designated as Project 48) was designed in 1939 for the Soviet Navy as a smaller class of destroyer leaders after the cancellation of the Tashkent-class ships that had been intended to be built in the Soviet Union. Only three ships were begun; one was cancelled and scrapped before the Axis invasion in mid-1941 and construction of the other two was suspended during the war. The navy considered completing them under a new Project 48-K configuration afterwards, but decided against that as they would have been competing against a more modern design that lacked the stability problems that the 48-K design would have had. The Soviets either scrapped them or used them as targets.
1 Background and description
1.1 Armament
2 Ships
Background and description[edit]
Originally three more Tashkents were ordered to be built in the Soviet Union, but it proved to be too difficult to marry the Italian design with Soviet shipbuilding practices and they were cancelled. Instead, the Soviets designed the Kiev class to be a smaller version with much the same armament as the Tashkent class. The Soviet Navy envisioned building 13 Kiev class ships in 1937 during the Third Five-Year Plan and then proposed 30 ships in its shipbuilding proposal in August 1939, but the government decided to only build half that number, with twelve in the first part of the five-year plan and three in the latter part. Of these twelve ships, the first eight were ordered as part of the Third Five-Year Plan–three ships for the Black Sea Fleet and five for the Baltic Fleet–and the remaining four on 10 April 1941, split between the Black Sea and Northern Fleets. The remaining ships were intended to be ordered as part of the Fourth Five-Year Plan. Only three of these ships were laid down, all in 1939. On 19 October 1940, the government reevaluated the shipbuilding program in light of the changing international situation and canceled all ships that had not yet been laid down. In addition, it ordered the one ship that had been started for the Baltic Fleet to be scrapped, and the pair being built for the Black Sea Fleet to be completed. A contributing factor in this decision may have been the Project 35 large-destroyer design scheduled for 1941 which was intended to have a dual-purpose main armament and much greater range.[1]
The Kiev-class ships had an overall length of 127.8 meters (419 ft 3 in), a beam of 11.7 meters (38 ft 5 in), and a mean draft of 4.2 meters (13 ft 9 in).[2] The ships displaced 2,350 long tons (2,390 t) at standard load and 3,045 long tons (3,094 t) at deep load.[3] Their crew numbered 264 officers and sailors.[2]
The ships had three geared steam turbines, each driving one three-bladed propeller using steam from three water-tube boilers that operated at a pressure of 27 kg/cm2 (2,648 kPa; 384 psi) and a temperature of 350 °C (662 °F). The turbines, designed to produce 90,000 shaft horsepower (67,000 kW), were intended to give the Kievs a maximum speed of 42 knots (78 km/h; 48 mph). The ships had a maximum capacity of 750 metric tons (738 long tons) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 4,100 nautical miles (7,600 km; 4,700 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). They were equipped with a pair of 165-kilowatt (221 hp) turbo generators and a pair of diesel generators, each of 50 kilowatts (67 hp).[4]
Armament[edit]
A B-2-LM turret from the Polish destroyer Wicher
The main armament of the Kiev-class ships consisted of six 50-caliber 130-millimeter (5.1 in) B-13 guns in three twin-gun B-2-LM turrets, one superfiring pair forward of the superstructure and the other mount aft of it. The ships carried 900 rounds for their guns.[2] The B-13 gun fired a 33.4-kilogram (74 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 870 m/s (2,900 ft/s), which gave them a range of 25,597 meters (27,993 yd).[5] Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a twin-gun 39-K mount for 55-caliber 76.2-millimeter (3 in) 34-K AA guns atop the rear superstructure. The 34-K guns could elevate between -5° and +85° and had a rate of fire of 15–20 rounds per minute. Their muzzle velocity of 801 meters per second (2,630 ft/s) gave their 26-pound (11.9 kg) high-explosive shells a maximum horizontal range of 14,640 meters (16,010 yd) and an effective ceiling of 6,500 meters (21,300 ft). The ships were fitted with four twin-gun mounts for 12.7-millimeter (0.50 in) DShK machine guns. The DShK had an effective rate of fire of 125 rounds per minute and an effective range against aircraft of 2,500 meters (2,700 yd).[6]
The ships carried ten 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes in two rotating quintuple mounts amidships. The ships could also carry 86 Model 1926 mines and 30 depth charges–ten 135-kilogram (298 lb) BB-1s and twenty 25-kilogram (55 lb) BM-1s–which were delivered by two throwers.[2][6]
Ships[edit]
Ship and (yard number)[7]
Builder[7]
Laid down[7]
Launched[7]
Kiev (357) Shipyard No. 198 (Marti South), Nikolayev 29 September 1939 12 December 1940 Evacuated (48.9% complete), August 1941, ultimately used as a target or scrapped[8]
Erevan (358) 30 December 1939 29 June 1941 Evacuated (25.4% complete), August 1941, ultimately used as a target or scrapped[8]
Stalinabad (542) Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad 27 December 1939 Never Canceled, 19 October 1940, scrapped[7]
Unnamed (543) Never Canceled, 19 October 1940[7]
Unnamed (544)
Ashkhabad (545) Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad
Alma-Ata (546)
Petrozavadosk (359) Shipyard No. 198 (Marti South), Nikolayev
Ochakov[Note 2]
Perekop[Note 2]
Arkhangelsk[Note 2] Shipyard No. 402, Molotovsk
Murmansk[Note 2]
In July 1941, the shipbuilding program was reevaluated in light of the Axis invasion the previous month and both Kiev and Erevan were to be continued. Advancing German forces forced the ships that had been launched at Nikolayev to be evacuated in August to ports on the eastern coast of the Black Sea.[9] The two ships were towed to various ports before ending up in Batumi, Georgia in January 1942. They were towed back to Nikolayev on 12 April 1945 to finish building. The navy wanted to modify the design to reflect the latest war experience and the shipyard proposed in 1947 a complete modernization with weapons and radars that were still being designed. The proposal reduced the ships' speed to 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) and reduced the range to 3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). The navy rejected this proposal and asked for a more realistic design the following year under Project 48-K.[10]
The revised proposal equipped the ships with lighter, more efficient propulsion machinery that reduced speed to 39.5 knots (73.2 km/h; 45.5 mph) for 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) more range. It replaced the anti-aircraft armament with a twin-gun turret for the 55-caliber 85-millimeter (3.3 in) 52-K gun and eight water-cooled, V-11 twin-gun mounts for the 74-caliber 37-millimeter (1.5 in) 70-K AA guns. Depth-charge stowage was increased to 48 BM-1s and the torpedo tubes were replaced by the latest type. These changes increased the standard displacement by almost 400 long tons (410 t) to 2,722 long tons (2,766 t). The stability of the proposal was so limited that the latest gunnery radar could not be fitted and the ships were competing for resources with the Project 30-bis Skoryy-class destroyers of a similar size already being built. Ultimately, the navy decided that it did not need a pair of unique ships with their own special maintenance and training requirements and canceled all further development in 1950.[11]
^ Sources are contradictory about the total number of ships scheduled to be built as Rohwer and Monakov mention 15 ships on page 98, but only 14 in the table on page 232.
^ a b c d Never allotted a yard number, the ship's name is unconfirmed.[7]
^ Platonov 2002, pp. 143–144; Rohwer & Monakov, pp. 45–46, 75, 99–100, 232
^ a b c d Platonov 2002, p. 145
^ Rohwer & Monakov, p. 100
^ Platonov 2002, pp. 145–146
^ Yakubov & Worth, p. 103
^ a b Yakubov & Worth, p. 104
^ a b c d e f g Rohwer & Monakov, p. 232
^ a b Rohwer & Monakov, pp. 192, 232
^ Rohwer & Monakov, pp. 146–147, 232
^ Platonov 2002, p. 144; Platonov 2003, p. 69
^ Platonov 2003, pp. 68–69
Platonov, Andrey V. (2002). Энциклопедия советских надводных кораблей 1941—1945 [Encyclopedia of Soviet Surface Ships 1941–1945] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Poligon. ISBN 5-89173-178-9.
Platonov, Andrey V. (2003). Советские миноносцы [Soviet Destroyers] (in Russian). Part I. Saint Petersburg: Galea Print. ISBN 5-8172-0078-3.
Rohwer, Jürgen & Monakov, Mikhail S. (2001). Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.
Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2008). "The Soviet Project 7/7U Destroyers". In Jordan, John & Dent, Stephen (eds.). Warship 2008. London: Conway. pp. 99–114. ISBN 978-1-84486-062-3.
Kachur, Pavel (2008). "Гончие псы" Красного флота. "Ташкент", "Баку", "Ленинград" [Hounds of the Red Fleet: Tashkent, Baku, Leningrad] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza/Eksmo. ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4.
Stalinabad
Perekop
Ashkhabad
Alma-Ata
Arkangelsk
Ochakov
+ 4 or 5 other unnamed ships
Preceded by: Leningrad class
Followed by: None
List of destroyers of the Soviet Navy
Soviet naval ship classes of World War II
Gangut
ArkhangelskUK/S
Sovetsky SoyuzX
KronshtadtX
Admiral Nakhimov
MurmanskUS/S
PetropavlovskG/S/X
ChapayevX
Derzky
Orfey
Izyaslav
Fidonisy
Gnevny
Storozhevoy
OpytnyS
KievX
Ognevoy
TownUK
MărăştiR
Regele FerdinandR
Guard ships
Yastreb
Minesweepers
AdmirableUS
Motor torpedo boats
Shch
A (AG)
KalevE
RonisL
DelfinulR
RechinulR
MarsuinulR
UUK
loan from United Kingdom
loan from United States
surrendered by Romania in 1944
formerly Estonian
formerly German
formerly Latvian
Single ship
Cancelled or completed after war
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiev-class_destroyer&oldid=901974362"
Destroyer classes
Destroyers of the Soviet Navy
Proposed ships
Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union
Articles containing Russian-language text
CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)


text:
Vol. 11, Issue 243 - Thursday, August 31, 2006
Info | PDA/Text | Corrections | Calendars | Movies
Obituaries | Vital Stats | Weather | Surf
T | F | S | S | M | T | W
College women: Dixie State (Utah) at Hawaii Pacific, 4 p.m., Atherton Field, Hawaii Loa Campus.
ILH girls: Word of Life vs. Maryknoll at Hawaii Baptist, 4:30 p.m.; La Pietra/Waldorf/AOP at Hawaii Baptist, Le Jardin at Iolani, Hanalani at Kamehameha, University at St. Andrew's, 6 p.m.
OIA division I boys: Campbell at Radford, Kalaheo at Castle, 7 p.m.
OIA division II boys: Waiane at Kaiser, 7 p.m.
OIA division II girls: Kailua at Kalaheo, Kaiser at Waianae, Radford at Anuenue, Waialua at Kaimuki (2), 6 p.m.
ILH girls: Academy of the Pacific vs. Maryknoll, Hanalani vs. Mid-Pacific, Hawaii Baptist vs. Punahou, Iolani vs. Sacred Hearts, Kamehameha vs. St. Andrew's Priory, St. Francis vs. University, 3:45 p.m., Ft. Shafter Lanes.
Interleague: Saint Louis at Castle, game begins 25 minutes after end of 5 p.m. JV game; Damien at Kailua, 7 p.m.
OIA Red West: Waianae at Mililani, game begins 25 minutes after end of 4:30 p.m. JV game.
OIA White: Waipahu at Roosevelt, game begins 25 minutes after end of 5 p.m. JV game; Anuenue at Waialua, 6 p.m.
College men: Hawaii Pacific vs. Embry Riddle, 4 p.m., Atherton Field, Hawaii Loa Campus.
College women: Hawaii vs. Kent State, 7 p.m., Waipio Peninsula Soccer Park Stadium.
Hawaii Airlines Wahine Classic: UCLA vs. Colorado, 4:30 p.m.; Hawaii vs. Florida, 7 p.m., Stan Sheriff Center.
New York 2, Kansas City 2, tie
Houston 2, Chicago 2, tie
Real Salt Lake 1, Los Angeles 0
FC Dallas 2, Colorado 0
Kaimuki def. Kahuku 25-14, 25-21
Aiea def. Kaiser 25-7, 25-9
Kalaheo def. Moanalua 25-18, 25-20
Castle def. Kaimuki 25-14, 25-19
Leilehua def. Kapolei 25-8, 25-10
Kaimuki def. Kailua 25-19, 25-20
Aiea def. Nanakuli 25-12, 25-9
Moanalua def. Kalani 25-17, 25-17
Farrington def. Castle 21-25, 25-20, 25-20
Leilehua def. Kapolei 23-25, 26-24, 25-14
Junior varsity girls
Kailua def. Kaimuki, 25-17, 25-16
Aiea def. Nanakuli, 25-22, 14-25, 25-18
Farrington def. Castle 25-12, 25-12
Leilehua def. Kapolei 25-22, 25-14
(Best-of-five series, all times Hawaii time)
Detroit vs. Sacramento
Yesterday: Sacramento 95, Detroit 71, Sacramento leads series 1-0
Tomorrow: Sacramento at Detroit, 1:30 p.m.
Sunday: Detroit at Sacramento, 10:30 a.m.
Monarchs 95, Shock 71
SACRAMENTO: N.Powell 8-12 1-1 21, Walker 7-12 3-3 17, Griffith 7-11 3-4 17, Lawson 7-10 2-2 22, Penicheiro 1-3 1-2 3, Dorrell 0-1 0-0 0, Brunson 2-10 0-0 4, Maiga 2-4 0-0 4, Haynie 1-3 2-2 4, Buescher 0-0 3-4 3, Ki.Smith 0-0 0-0 0. Totals 35-66 15-18 95.
DETROIT: Cash 0-2 0-0 0, Ford 9-13 7-11 25, Riley 0-1 2-2 2, Nolan 6-14 1-2 14, Ka.Smith 7-15 3-4 21, Pierson 1-3 1-2 3, Braxton 2-4 0-0 4, E.Powell 0-3 2-2 2, Williams 0-0 0-0 0, Holland-Corn 0-1 0-0 0. Totals 25-56 16-23 71.
Sacramento 26 27 17 25 -- 95
Detroit 20 18 14 19 -- 71
3-Point Goals--Sacramento 10-19 (Lawson 6-8, N.Powell 4-7, Haynie 0-2, Penicheiro 0-2), Detroit 5-9 (Ka.Smith 4-6, Nolan 1-2, Holland-Corn 0-1). Rebounds--Sacramento 37 (Brunson 7), Detroit 35 (Ford 8). Assists--Sacramento 22 (Penicheiro 6), Detroit 18 (Nolan 5). Total Fouls--Sacramento 23, Detroit 19. Technicals--Brunson, Ford. A--9,581 (11,268).
HARRAH'S ODDS
FAVORITE LINE UNDERDOG
Boston College 11 1/2 at Cent. Michigan
at Ball St. 4 1/2 E. Michigan
at Buffalo 6 1/2 Temple
Northwestern 5 at Miami (Ohio)
Minnesota 16 at Kent St.
at Iowa St. 7 1/2 Toledo
South Carolina 6 1/2 at Mississippi St.
at San Diego St. 2 UTEP
at Middle Tenn. 10 Fla. International
at Fresno St. 12 Nevada
at Alabama 16 1/2 Hawaii
at Michigan 25 1/2 Vanderbilt
at Ohio St. 17 1/2 N. Illinois
at Penn St. 16 1/2 Akron
at Michigan St. 29 Idaho
Wisconsin-x 10 Bowling Green
at West Virginia 22 Marshall
at Oregon 11 1/2 Stanford
at North Carolina 5 1/2 Rutgers
at Nebraska 21 1/2 Louisiana Tech
at Washington 19 San Jose St.
at Wyoming 12 1/2 Utah St.
at Tennessee 1 1/2 California
at Navy 12 1/2 East Carolina
at Indiana 6 W. Michigan
at UCLA 3 1/2 Utah
at Florida 20 Southern Miss.
at Wake Forest 14 1/2 Syracuse
at Texas Tech 26 1/2 SMU
at Oklahoma 22 UAB
at Pittsburgh 3 1/2 Virginia
at Auburn 15 Washington St.
Notre Dame 7 1/2 at Georgia Tech
Southern Cal 9 at Arkansas
Houston 14 at Rice
at Arizona 6 1/2 BYU
at Clemson 34 Fla. Atlantic
Army 57 at Arkansas St.
at Texas 41 1/2 North Texas
at LSU 30 1/2 La.-Lafayette
x-at Cleveland
at Mississippi 3 Memphis
TCU 7 at Baylor
at Louisville 22 1/2 Kentucky
at Miami 3 Florida St.
At New York
Men's first-round singles
Ryan Sweeting, United States, def. Guillermo Coria, Argentina, 3-2, retired.
Olivier Rochus (26), Belgium, def. Olivier Patience, France, 6-0, 6-2, 6-2.
Florian Mayer, Germany, def. Stefan Koubek, Austria, 6-4, 6-1, 6-1.
Marat Safin, Russia, def. Robin Vik, Czech Republic, 6-1, 6-1, 3-6, 6-3.
Fernando Gonzalez (10), Chile, def. Jiri Vanek, Czech Republic, 6-2, 6-3, 6-2.
Tomas Berdych (12), Czech Republic, def. Boris Pashanski, Serbia, 6-4, 6-2, 6-1.
Rafael Nadal (2), Spain, def. Mark Philippoussis, Australia, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4.
Jan Hajek, Czech Republic, def. Lukas Dlouhy, Czech Republic, 6-3, 6-4, 6-1.
Luis Horna, Peru, def. Guillermo Garcia-Lopez, Spain, 7-5, 6-4, 6-3.
David Nalbandian (4), Argentina, def. Michael Berrer, Germany, 4-6, 6-7 (2), 6-3, 7-5, 6-2.
Lleyton Hewitt (15), Australia, def. Albert Montanes, Spain, 7-5, 6-4, 6-3.
Fernando Verdasco (22), Spain, def. Fabrice Santoro, France, 6-4, 6-1, 3-6, 6-1.
Jan Hernych, Czech Republic, def. Kevin Kim, United States, 6-1, 6-4, 3-6, 7-5.
Sebastien Grosjean (30), France, def. Thomas Johansson, Sweden, 6-3, 6-4, 5-7, 6-7 (1), 6-2.
Gael Monfils (27), France, def. Michael Russell, United States, 6-2, 3-6, 7-5, 7-6 (4).
Roger Federer (1), Switzerland, def. Wang Yeu-tzuoo, Taiwan, 6-4, 6-1, 6-0.
Raemon Sluiter, Netherlands, def. Wayne Odesnik, United States, 6-4, 6-4, 7-5.
Wesley Moodie, South Africa, def. Max Mirnyi, Belarus, 6-4, 4-6, 6-4, 6-7 (5), 6-4.
Lukasz Kubot, Poland, def. Kristof Vliegen (32), Belgium, 2-6, 6-1, 6-4, 1-6, 6-3.
Dmitry Tursunov (23), Russia, def. Igor Kunitsyn, Russia, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4.
Noam Okun, Israel, def. Potito Starace, Italy, 6-2, 6-0, 4-6, 6-2.
Carlos Moya, Spain, def. Agustin Calleri (28), Argentina, 7-5, 7-6 (5), 6-7 (3), 6-3.
Tim Henman, Britain, def. Greg Rusedski, Britain, 7-6 (4), 6-2, 6-3.
Tommy Haas (14), Germany, def. Alex Kuznetsov, United States, 6-2, 6-4, 6-0.
Vince Spadea, United States, def. Gilles Muller, Luxembourg, 6-2, 6-4, 6-3.
Nicolas Mahut, France, def. Rainer Schuettler, Germany, 6-4, 6-7 (5), 6-3, 6-3.
Nikolay Davydenko (7), Russia, def. Ramon Delgado, Paraguay, 4-6, 6-4, 7-5, 6-0.
James Blake (5), United States, def. Juan Monaco, Argentina, 6-3, 7-5, 7-6 (7).
Alessio di Mauro, Italy, def. Jurgen Melzer, Austria, 5-7, 6-1, 7-5, 7-5.
Paul-Henri Mathieu, France, def. Joshua Goodall, Britain, 6-3, 6-2, 3-6, 6-3.
Alejandro Falla, Colombia, def. Juan Martin del Potro, Argentina, 7-6 (3), 6-2, 4-6, 7-5.
Gaston Gaudio (21), Argentina, def. Andreas Seppi, Italy, 6-4, 6-4, 6-2.
Jonas Bjorkman (29), Sweden, def. Scoville Jenkins, United States, 7-5, 6-4, 6-4.
Andy Murray (17), Britain, def. Robert Kendrick, United States, 6-2, 1-6, 6-3, 6-3.
Marc Gicquel, France, def. Christophe Rochus, Belgium, 6-3, 6-3, 6-4.
Sam Querrey, United States, def. Philipp Kohlschreiber, Germany, 6-3, 6-4, 6-4.
Juan Carlos Ferrero (16), Spain, def. George Bastl, Switzerland, 7-5, 6-4, 3-6, 6-3.
Robby Ginepri (18), United States, def. Julien Benneteau, France, 3-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4.
Teimuraz Gabashvili, Russia, def. Marcos Daniel, Brazil, 6-3, 6-2, 3-6, 3-6, 6-3.
Paul Goldstein, United States, def. Jesse Witten, United States, 6-3, 6-4, 2-6, 3-6, 6-1.
Andy Roddick (9), United States, def. Kristian Pless, Denmark, 6-3, 7-6 (3), 6-3.
Women's first-round singles
Jarmila Gajdosova, Slovakia, def. Alexa Glatch, United States, 6-2, 6-1.
Aiko Nakamura, Japan, def. Melinda Czink, Hungary, 6-1, 6-2.
Alona Bondarenko, Ukraine, def. Ahsha Rolle, United States, 6-4, 6-4.
Ana Ivanovic (16), Serbia, def. Vera Dushevina, Russia, 6-3, 5-7, 6-4.
Viktoriya Kutuzova, Ukraine, def. Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez, Spain, 6-3, 6-3.
Amelie Mauresmo (1), France, def. Kristina Barrois, Germany, 6-1, 7-5.
Anna Chakvetadze (23), Russia, def. Martina Sucha, Slovakia, 6-4, 6-1.
Eleni Daniilidou, Greece, def. Shenay Perry, United States, 6-0, 6-2.
Mara Santangelo, Italy, def. Lisa Raymond, United States, 7-6 (4), 6-2.
Victoria Azarenka, Belarus, def. Anastasia Myskina (11), Russia, 6-4, 6-2.
Meghann Shaughnessy, United States, def. Roberta Vinci, Italy, 6-3, 6-4.
Virginie Razzano, France, def. Maret Ani, Estonia, 7-5, 6-4.
Yuliana Fedak, Ukraine, def. Tatiana Poutchek, Belarus, 7-5, 6-3.
Jamea Jackson, United States, def. Tsvetana Pironkova, Bulgaria, 6-2, 6-2.
Eva Birnerova, Czech Republic, def. Galina Voskoboeva, Russia, 7-6 (4), 5-7, 6-3.
Sybille Bammer, Austria, def. Nathalie Dechy (31), France, 5-7, 6-3, 6-1.
Martina Hingis (8), Switzerland, def. Peng Shuai, China, 4-6, 6-1, 6-3.
Li Na (24), China, def. Maria Sanchez Lorenzo, Spain, 4-6, 6-3, 6-0.
Dinara Safina (12), Russia, def. Yulia Beygelzimer, Ukraine, 6-1, 6-3.
Mary Pierce (13), France, def. Elena Vesnina, Russia, 7-5, 6-1.
Serena Williams, United States, def. Lourdes Dominguez Lino, Spain, 6-1, 6-2.
Youlia Fedossova, France, def. Anabel Medina Garrigues (25), Spain, 7-5, 6-1.
Kaia Kanepi, Estonia, def. Stephanie Foretz, France, 3-6, 7-5, 6-1.
Tatiana Golovin (27), France, def. Ashley Harkleroad, United States, 6-3, 7-5.
Maria Sharapova (3), Russia, def. Michaella Krajicek, Netherlands, 6-3, 6-0.
Daniela Hantuchova (17), Slovakia, def. Bethanie Mattek, United States, 7-5, 6-3.
Elena Likhovtseva (32), Russia, def. Sun Tiantian, China, 4-6, 6-0, 6-4.
Agnieszka Radwanska, Poland, def. Yan Zi, China, 6-0, 7-5.
Nicole Pratt, Australia, def. Milagros Sequera, Venezuela, 1-6, 7-5, 6-2.
Virginia Ruano Pascual, Spain, def. Amy Frazier, United States, 6-2, 6-1.
Nadia Petrova (5), Russia, def. Clarisa Fernandez, Argentina, 6-2, 6-1.
Emilie Loit, France, def. Camille Pin, France, 5-7, 6-4, 7-6 (4).
BALTIMORE ORIOLES--Claimed C Danny Ardoin off waivers from the Colorado Rockies and added him to the roster. Designated LHP Tim Byrdak for assignment.
KANSAS CITY ROYALS--Extended their affiliation agreement with Omaha of the PCL for two years.
TEXAS RANGERS--Assigned OF Victor Diaz to Oklahoma of the PCL. Extended their affiliation agreement with Frisco of the Texas League through the 2010 season.
ATLANTA BRAVES--Promoted Matt Price to assistant director of player development. Named Ronnie Richardson administrative assistant for baseball operations.
CINCINNATI REDS--Signed RHP Jason Johnson to a minor league contract and assigned him to Louisville of the IL.
LOS ANGELES DODGERS--Optioned LHP Tim Hamulack to Vero Beach of the FSL. Recalled LHP Hong-Chih Kuo from Las Vegas of the PCL.
NEW YORK METS--Acquired C Mike Nickeas from the Texas Rangers for OF Victor Diaz and assigned Nickeas to St. Lucie of the FSL.
PHILADELPHIA PHILLIES--Sent INF Angel Chavez to the Baltimore Orioles to complete the Aug. 27 trade for Jeff Conine.
SAN DIEGO PADRES--Extended their player development contract with Portland of the PCL for two years through the 2008 season.
ATLANTA HAWKS--Signed C Lorenzen Wright to a two-year contract.
GOLDEN STATE WARRIORS--Named Don Nelson coach.
HOUSTON ROCKETS--Announced the resignation of Patrick Ewing, assistant coach.
INDIANAPOLIS COLTS--Re-signed TE Joey Hawkins. Released WR Dan Sheldon.
PHILADELPHIA EAGLES--Agreed to terms with QB A.J. Feeley on a two-year contract. Released QB Koy Detmer and WR Todd Pinkston.
PITTSBURGH STEELERS--Signed RB Willie Parker to a four-year contract through the 2009 season.
SAN DIEGO CHARGERS--Signed OT Shane Olivea to a six-year contract through the 2011 season.
TAMPA BAY BUCCANEERS--Released QB Jay Fiedler. Signed OT Cornell Green.
BUFFALO SABRES--Re-signed D Dmitri Kalinin to a two-year contract.
CAROLINA HURRICANES--Signed F Brad Isbister to a one-year contract.
CHIVAS USA--Signed D Johnny Garcia.
INDIANA--Named Juergen Sommer volunteer assistant soccer coach.
TEMPLE--Named Shawn Kleitz associate athletic director for development.
Inside | Aug. 31
» Just a good old boy: Kim beat them all to kick for Bear
» Another go at Gators
» Payne and Ho beat their friends in finals
» Nothing will come easy for Mililani
» Warriors warm up in Atlanta
» Spartans to keep their show at home more often
» Tenzing 'ecstatic' with UH's early play
» Kamehameha still the program to beat
» Kahuku hosts California squad
» Schools leader slams money plan
» Akaka and Case to face off tonight
» UH alumnus gives $25M to College of Business
» Homeless count increases
» Court ruling chills illegal Kailua B&Bs
» Driver allegedly runs into daughter-in-law
» Bush official to discuss environmental issues
» UH library to be open around the clock
» Author touts isles' health focus
» Vibrant, popular storyteller Alice Mary Windle
» Wake Isle in storm's cross hairs
» Some fishermen open to buyout proposals
» Honolulu woman admits to marriage scam
» AT&T wins $250M isle military contract
» S. Pacific leaders to meet in Fiji
» Kokua Line
» Corky's Hawaii
» On the Scene
» Fall Fashion Outlook: The Long and Narrow Road
» Window Shopping
» Da Kine: Style File
» Honolulu Lite
» The Goddess Speaks
» Hoku to build plant in Idaho, not Singapore
» Businesses not so optimistic any more
» Plumeria dispute wins jeweler $2.3M
» TheBuzz
» City wisely avoids conflict with homeless at beaches
» Corky's Editorial Cartoon
» Gathering Place
Columns | Aug. 31
Corky's Hawaii
Honolulu Lite
Charles Memminger
Erika Engle


text:
After controversial beginning, excitement builds as new City Park Golf Course is transformed
Opponents still have major concerns
Rebuilt City Park Golf Course nears completion
DENVER – Work crews are doing final contouring on the new City Park Golf Course, which is slated to reopen on a limited basis in September of 2019.
The golf course has been redesigned to handle runoff from a major storm event better.
Denver Public Works Communications Director Nancy Kuhn said the project is one of four in the Platte to Park Hill Storm Water Systems Program, including:
Globeville Landing Outfall & Park Expansion
39th Avenue Open Channel & Open Space
City Park Golf Course Integrated Stormwater Detention
Park Hill Detention & Stormwater Pipes
Kuhn said the projects are designed to prevent flooding in the Montclair Basin.
"This basin is the area of town that is most at risk for flooding because the infrastructure is undersized," she said. "It's aging, and we have no natural waterway, no gulches or things like that to move water, so we're constructing a system."
Kuhn said water from a ten-year or 100-year event would be stored in a detention area constructed on the course until storm drains in the neighborhoods to the north and northwest have emptied.
Today, news crews got a first-hand look at the work that's been accomplished so far.
Kuhn pointed to a 102-inch triple brick stormwater pipe that was put in place in 1933.
"We've opened it up," she said so that the water can flow above ground.
"We've got a trash vault that's going to pull out trash that comes through the pipe," she said. "We have a detention area where sediments can settle and then we're going to have a meandering greenway where water can flow through natural grasses and be cleaned naturally."
Fairways and Greens Planted
Work crews have already planted most of the fairways and greens and are working on the final ones on the west side of the course.
"It's going to be amazing," said Scott Rethlake, Denver's director of golf. "Hale Erwin has been out here three times and has walked the course with us."
Rethlake said Todd Schoeder, of Icon Golf Studio, is the designer and that Erwin is the consulting architect.
"Hale has done a few in-field changes, like moving a bunker here, moving a green there, tweaking it a little bit, making it better and more interesting," Rethlake said.
The golf director said he's excited because opening day is getting closer.
Clubhouse Views
Rethlake said the new clubhouse will be a significant improvement over the old one.
He said there would be plenty of room in the basement to store golf carts, and that the upstairs will include two meeting rooms, a Grill that will seat about 40 people, and a patio with room for 60.
"It'll have an amazing view of downtown and the Front Range," he said.
Rethlake is also excited about the First Tee Program, which will have space in the clubhouse.
"It's our junior program and is the second largest in the nation," he said. "It serves about 7,500 kids a year, teaching them core values and life skills through the game of golf."
He said the goal is to serve 10,000 kids a year by 2020.
Not everyone is happy with the new changes.
Bridget Walsh liked the old golf course.
"It was on the National Register of Historic Places," she said. "It was also an Audubon golf course bird sanctuary."
Walsh, a member of City Park Friends & Neighbors, said in this era of climate change and drought, the city shouldn't be in a hurry to channel water out to the South Platte River.
"They're treating stormwater as if it's a waste product," she said. "They're building a huge storm drain to take our precious stormwater out of Denver as quickly as possible."
"The amount of concrete being used for this project is totally out of line with any modern day creative approach for how we use green space," said Georgia Garnsey, another member of City Park Friends & Neighbors. "I'm horrified."
Walsh said the detention area is being constructed to protect the soon to be expanded I-70, which will be built below grade.
"I would like to see CDOT and Denver abandon plans to widen the highway and instead reroute it onto I-270 and I-76," she said.
Walsh said another big concern is the loss of more than 200 trees, which were felled for the detention area.
"Trees are one of Mother Nature's best stormwater mitigators," she said.
Walsh also expressed concern about CDOT's plans to place I-70 below grade in the Elyria-Swansea neighborhood which is part of the I-70 and Vasquez Boulevard Superfund site.
Heavy metals from previous precious metal smelting operations contaminated the soil in the area.
"Our scientists have found that their remediation was based upon a questionable theory that the pollution fell from the sky, from the old smelter smokestacks," she said. "We're finding that there is really not any evidence to substantiate that theory in the EPA's own documents."
September Opening Date
Rethlake told Denver7 that anyone who remains skeptical about the remake of the golf course should visit once it opens.
He said construction should wrap up by May of next year, and then they'll give the turf a few months to fully establish itself.
He said they'll open on a limited basis in September and will open full time in the Spring of 2020.
"Hold your judgment until you come out," he said. "I think you're going to be very, very happy."


NEWLY RENOVATED Commercial Property! Located on RT 13 corridor. If you have a business or looking to start a business this is a MUST SEE! Own your business outside of town limits yet conveniently located between Seaford r and Laurel. Bring your ideas and take a tour! This premium property won't last long call for details!


 Ok! Styx got it right about we are all the same in their fantastic song, "The Grand Illusion".
I'm going to put a bit of a different spin on it though.
In Nora Gedguadas's book "Primal Fat Burner" she talks at length about humankind's common DNA and our common basic nutritional requirements, which developed pre-agricultural revolution, thus sans grains and sugar (which are synonymous). Then looks at the developing diseases that occurred after the introduction of grains and sugar.
The following is a quote from Dr, Loren Cordain from his book, "The Paleo Diet". "DNA evidence shows that genetically, humans have hardly changed at all. To be specific,the human genotype has changed less than 0.02% in 40,000 years. This means that the genetic makeup of Paleolithic people is virtually identical to our own. literally, we are Stone Agers living in the Space Age; our dietary needs are the same as theirs. Our genes are well adapted to a world in which all the food eaten daily had to be hunted. fished, or gathered from the natural environment - a world that no longer exists. Nature determined what our bodies needed thousands of years before civilization developed, before people started farming and raising domesticated livestock."
Ok so no one is suggesting going back to a time long long ago in a galaxy close close at hand, but we can respect and work with the amazing genetic structure of our common ancestry and reclaim our health simply by eating our way to optimal health!


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You are cordially invited to a public forum on the independence of Kosovo.
their independence from Serbia without the support of the United Nations Security Council.
including the Government of Canada which announced its recognition on March 18.
which have recognized this independence, including the ambassador to Canada.
The panel will take place May 15, 2008, from 6-10pm at the Library Building of Concordia University.
A panel of speakers will discuss the legal, political and moral implications of this independence.
This issue is of profound importance to the Serbian community, and your attendance will be noticed and appreciated.
We thank you in advance for registering in our Guest Book which will enable us to keep you informed about events in Kosovo as they unfold.
Refreshments, including wine and cheese, will be served at the break.


text:
‧Business
Home / Business
Tue, Dec 27, 2011 - Page 12 News List
COA to help agricultural firms go public
Staff Writer, with CNA
The Council of Agriculture (COA) has launched an initiative to assist agricultural technology companies and firms devoted to innovation in the agricultural sector to go public and gain access to capital markets.
According to the GRETAI Securities Market, the council outlined key points of the initiative last week to provide guidance for the market when evaluating the qualifications of agricultural enterprises applying for a public listing.
The guidelines identify -qualified "agricultural technology companies" as those that are involved in agricultural production or testing and research, have verifiable -agricultural-related output and have at least five full-time researchers.
They are also required to have spent at least 3 percent of net revenue or 5 percent of paid-in capital on research and development in the year preceding the application to go public, GRETAI said.
With the council's approval, applicants would be able to go public without having to meet requirements on company age and profitability, it added.
The council expects the initiative to reduce the amount of time generally needed for applicant enterprises to go public by one to two years, it said in a statement on Friday.
The council said the new measure is part of a wider effort to help agricultural businesses gain easier access to the funding needed to upgrade their businesses and make their operations more sustainable.