text:
About King Island
About KILG (prev. KINRM)
Regional NRM
Volunteers & Community
Biodiversity Projects
Coast Projects
Land Projects
Bush Restoration Project
Boggy Creek Project
Shorebirds Project
WaterWatch King Island
Vegetation Communities
Monitoring & Mapping
Protection & Connectivity
Flora of King Island
Fauna of King Island
Definition & Benefits
Riparian Management
Soil Quality
Nutrient Management
Acid Sulfate
Waterlogging & Salinity
SOME PUBLICATIONS:
Birdlife Tas King Island Bird Checklist
Fauna of King Island –A Guide to Identification and Conservation Management, Edited by Richard Donaghey 2003.
BOKI – Birds of King Island Group
ABOUT KING ISLAND FAUNA
Excerpts from The Fauna of King Island – A guide to identification and conservation Management, Edited by Richard Donaghey 2003 and King Island Biodiversity Management Plan, 2012
Snakes and Lizards
Extinction of Birds
Extinction of Mammals
The aquatic fauna of King Island's streams and wetlands – By Peter E. Davies, Katie Brown, Rodney Walker, Laurie Cook
Introduction – King Island has a wide range of freshwater aquatic environments including rivers and streams and ephemeral and permanent wetlands (ponds, swamps, lagoons). The fauna of these environments is not well known, and the writing of this chapter required some new sampling to be done. As a result we now know that the island has many species (more than 140) of aquatic macroinvertebrates, including burrowing crayfish, aquatic insects, freshwater crabs and snails, as well as eight species of freshwater fish …
Freshwater fish of King Island
King Island's freshwater fish fauna consists of six species: the Southern Shortfin Eel (Anguilla australis), Climbing Galaxias (Galaxias brevipinnis), Trout Galaxias (Galaxias truttaceus), Common Galaxias (Galaxias maculatus), Southern Pygmy Perch (Nannoperca australis) and Congolli (Pseudaphritis urvillii). The migratory Australian Grayling (Prototroctes maraena) has been recorded from the Ettrick River (Backhouse et al. 2008), but its current status is unknown.
Two species of freshwater crayfish are known from King Island – Geocharax gracilis and Engaeus cunicularius. Both of these species are widespread on the island. They live in burrows, though G. gracilis can also be seen in open water in streams and wetlands. Engaeus burrows are found around the margins of swamps and wetlands and along river banks. Geocharax is also found in these habitats, but is also more widely distributed across field and heathy plains, often with very deep burrows. Both of these species are widespread and occur in both northern Tasmania and Victoria. Engaeus cunicularius is also found in northeastern Tasmania and Flinders Island. Both species build 'chimneys' at the entrance to their burrows, and those of Geocharax can be quite a sight when scattered over paddocks (or even golf courses!).
There is a wide variety of macroinvertebrates in the streams and wetlands of the island. Macroinvertebrates are small invertebrates that are typically caught by net, visible to the naked eye, and range in size from around 0.25 mm to 10 cm. They include a variety of forms – aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans, worms and many species. They represent the core of animal diversity in freshwater environments. In sampling conducted for this guide from 10 rivers or creeks and seven wetlands in 2002, 140 different forms (or 'taxa') of macroinvertebrates were identified, many of these being families or orders with many species yet to be identified or described. This represents between 200 and 300 species of macroinvertebrates from those waters alone. The species found are listed in Table 2. Macroinvertebrate communities are strongly dependent on the type of habitat as well as the condition of the stream or wetland.
Invertebrates on King Island
– By Peter McQuillan
Several thousand species of invertebrates live on King Island, representing the largest proportion of the animal fauna. A few may be endemic to the island, but island populations of even widespread species are likely to be genetically different from those on the mainland and hence are an important component of Australia's biodiversity. Insects and their relatives perform essential ecological services such as nutrient recycling, soil conditioning, pollination and seed dispersal of flowering plants and help regulate the numbers of other invertebrates. To a large extent, the insect fauna resembles that of the lowlands of north-western Tasmania. Indeed, King Island was attached to Tasmania as a peninsula as recently as 12,000 years ago when sea levels were much lower. Unlike for vertebrates, there have been limited studies of the island's invertebrate fauna. Until further collections are made, only a broad impression of this fauna can be gained from the few publications which mention the island's invertebrates, together with insights from the fauna of similar habitats in northern Tasmania.
From KIBMP: Little is known about the invertebrate diversity on King Island. The lack of baseline data on invertebrates makes it difficult to discuss population trends or to propose management strategies. However, it is likely that habitat loss and fragmentation has had an impact on their abundance and diversity. The Southern Hairy Red Snail (Austrochloritis victoriae) is the only invertebrate currently listed under the TSP Act that is known to occur on King Island (Table 1). This snail is known only from the northeastern coast on King Island and southern Victoria, south of the Great Dividing Range (Smith & Kershaw 1981). Until 1996 the Southern Red Hairy Snail was considered extinct in Tasmania. It lives in damp areas with well-developed paperbark, tea tree and Banksia scrub (Bonham 2009).
CHAPTER 5 Biogeography and ecology of the vertebrate fauna of King Island – Richard Donaghey, Jim Nelson, Rodney Walker and Wyn Jones
The Bass Strait land bridge disappeared about 11,000 years ago, leaving Tasmania and King Island geographically separated from continental Australia. Continental islands like King and Flinders have fewer species than nearby Tasmania and Victoria. ……
Amphibians: frogs
The frogs of King Island closely reflects that found in far north-west Tasmania.
Frogs are the only order of amphibians living in Australia. Four families occur naturally, whereas one introduced toad represents the only member of the true toad family. There are about 150 species of frogs in Australia. Eleven species inhabit mainland Tasmania, including three endemics. Six species occur on King Island. The six frogs found on King Island are two tree frogs, the green and golden frog (Litoria raniformis) and brown tree frog (Litoria ewingi); two marsh frogs, eastern banjo frog (Limnodynastes dumerili) and striped marsh frog (Lymnodynastes peroni) and two froglets, the common or brown froglet (Crinia signifera) and smooth froglet (Geocrinia laevis). ….
….The life histories of the six species of King Island frogs separate into three distinct groups. One group, the tree frogs and the common froglet, have non-foamy egg masses placed in water and aquatic larvae. The smooth froglet has non-foamy egg masses placed on land and aquatic larvae. Its relatively large eggs laid on land are later flooded with water, and the larvae then develop. The third group, the two species of marsh frogs, have foamy egg masses placed in water and aquatic larvae ….
….The breeding seasons of the six King Island frogs fall into three groups. The common froglet and brown tree frog breed all year, the smooth froglet breeds in summer–autumn, and the green and golden frog and striped marsh frog breed in spring–summer. Only male frogs call, and their calls are most obvious during their mating seasons when they generally call near or in water. Often there is a chorus of several species by late spring, but each species can be identified by its own distinctive call.
Reptiles: snakes and lizards
King Island has a relatively low diversity of reptiles compared to the Australian mainland. It is home to only nine reptile species, comprising three species of snakes and six of lizards. The reptile fauna comprises species that are commonly found in northwest Tasmania: White's Skink (Liopholis whitii), Blotched Bluetongue (Tiliqua nigrolutea), Southern Grass Skink (Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii), Metallic Skink (Niveoscincus metallicus), Tasmanian Tree Skink (Niveoscincus pretiosus), Eastern Three-lined Skink (Acritoscincus duperreyi), White-lipped Snake (Drysdalia coronoides), Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus humphreysii), and the Lowland Copperhead (Austrelaps superbus). The Tasmanian Tree Skink is the only Tasmanian endemic reptile species found on King Island.
The terrestrial vertebrate fauna on King Island is dominated by birds, with 164 species recorded. Fifty are non-passerines, 36 are passerines, 12 are breeding or resident marine and shorebirds, 39 are irregular migrants and visitors, 14 are migratory shorebirds and gulls and terns, and 24 are resident and visiting marine birds.
King Island supports a number of endemic subspecies such as the Brown Thornbill, Green Rosella, Yellow Wattle Bird (Anthochaera paradoxa kingi), Dusky Robin (Melanodryas vittata kingi), Black Currawong (Strepera fuliginosa colei) and Scrubtit. King Island is also home to 10 of Tasmania's 12 endemic resident breeding birds (Green & McGarvie 1971).
The endemic King Island Emu (Dromaius ater) is presumed to be extinct (listed under TSP Act) and the Glossy Black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), Gang-gang (Callocephalon fimbriatum) and the Forty-spotted Pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) are considered to belocally extinct on King Island (Donaghey 2003). Seven species are currently listed as threatened under State and/or Commonwealth legislation.
King Island is an important stopover point for a number of migratory species during their passage over Bass Strait. Migratory species which regularly use the Island include the Orange-bellied Parrot, Swift Parrot, Ruddy Turnstone and Red-necked Stint.
Twelve mammal species are recorded for King Island. Native mammals include the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), Swamp Antechinus (Antechinus minimus), Common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), Eastern Pygmy Possum (Cercartetus nanus), Long-nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), Bennett's Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Tasmanian Pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), Swamp Rat (Rattus lutreolus), Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) and Gould's Wattled Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi).
The Spotted-tailed Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus maculatus) was seen until the 1950s and is now considered to be locally extinct and local populations of the Wombat (Vombatus ursinus ursinus), and Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) became extinct shortly after European settlement.
Fossil records from the last interglacial period of the Pleistocene include modern wombats, kangaroos and wallabies. The larger kangaroos did not survive on any of the Bass Strait islands in the post-glacial period since there were insufficient grasslands to support a breeding population which eat large quantities of grass. The 12 terrestrial native mammal species that still occur on King Island are two monotremes (platypus and echidna), one dasyurid (swamp antechinus), three possums, three macropods (rednecked or Bennetts wallaby, Tasmanian pademelon and long-nosed potoroo), at least two resident bats and one native rat.
Native mammals that appear to be rare with very restricted distributions on King Island are swamp antechinus (Antechinus minimus), eastern pygmy possum, long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) and the bats, the lesser long-eared bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) and Gould's wattled bat (Nyctophilus gouldi). All these mammals appear to be more sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation and hence are vulnerable to local extinction. These mammals have special habitat needs. The eastern pygmy possum and the two bat species require hollows and cracks in trees as roosts and den sites as well as nearby native forests and scrub for foraging. Swamp antechinus and long-nosed potoroo may require large forest remnants for their survival.
Three bat species have been recorded from King Island. One species, the grey-headed flyingfox (Pteropus poliocephalus), is a visitor from mainland Australia. The other two bat species, lesser long-eared bat and Gould's wattled bat, appear to be rare, but this may be an artefact of inadequate surveys.
Extinctions of birds on King Island
The King Island emu (Dromaius ater) seems to have been the first extinction on the island as a direct result of human hunting. Commercial sealers, who arrived in 1802, used trained dogs to hunt the bird for food. Its small size (1,365 mm tall) and weight (up to 22.7 kg) compared to the mainland form (D. novaehollandiae) led Baldwin Spencer to describe it as a distinct species in 1906. Grey goshawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae) was recorded by the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria after their visit in 1887. Two birds, which were killing young turkeys, were shot in 1912. There have been no further reportings of this bird on the island. Glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami) once occurred on the island but disappeared in about 1920 after extensive fires. Gang-gang cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) was once plentiful when large areas of eucalypt forest existed. Forty-spotted pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) was collected by the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria during their 1887 visit, but there are no other records.
Extinctions of mammals on King Island
Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) – hundreds of docile elephant seals on the north-east beaches were slaughtered by sealers, and the species was exterminated from King Island by early in the 19th century. Wombat (Vombatus ursinus) – in 1802 the log books of the Lady Nelson recorded the existence of wombat on the island, but the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria failed to find any during their 1887 visit, suggesting that the animal died out some time before the beginning of the twentieth century. Tiger cat (Dasyurops maculatus) – common at the time of early settlement, the tiger cat was wiped out as a direct result of persecution. Early settlers destroyed it at every opportunity as it killed their poultry and damaged the skins of game animals by following snare lines and feeding on the animals caught there. No animals have been seen on the island since 1923.
For further information download the full document Fauna of King Island – A Guide to Identification and Conservation Management, Edited by Richard Donaghey 2003.
AND King Island Biodiversity Management Plan 2012-2022
King Island Landcare group and its projects are an initiative of the King Island Community, supported by King Island Council, Cradle Coast Authority, and Australian Government Programs (Australian Government's Environment Restoration Fund, National Landcare Program). Other contributors include NRM North (Tasmanian Government's Weed Action Plan), Landcare Australia, Birdlife Australia, Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal , Frogshack Nursery, Elders Pty Ltd, David Looker, King Island Newsagency. KILG was previously known as King Island Natural Resource Management Group (1997-March 2021)
© 2023 King Island Landcare Group. All rights reserved. | Disclaimer | Website by Ondetto.


This year's supermarket contract negotiations in California are expected to be difficult and contentious, with many of our challenges beyond the control of unions or employers.
This is a big year for UFCW 8 and for all Retail Food workers in California.
The contract that determined the wages, benefits and working conditions of supermarket workers in Southern California — including UFCW 8 members in Mono, Inyo and Kern Counties — expired on March 6 and a new agreement is being negotiated to replace it. In the meantime, those members will continue working under the terms of their old contract as long as an extension agreement with the employers remains in place.
All Local Unions who were party to the previous collective bargaining agreement in Southern California — including UFCW 8 — have agreed to bargain as a multi-Union bargaining unit.
Later this year, UFCW 8 and other Local Unions in Northern California will sit down with the supermarket companies to negotiate new agreements for the rest of the state.
Our Union has negotiated scores of contracts over the years, but it is becoming evident that the negotiations of 20ll will be among the most challenging in our history.
All of these factors present enormous challenges to reaching satisfactory agreements in this year's negotiations.
Our bargaining teams will be working tirelessly to find solutions to these challenges, many of which are the result of reckless behavior by Wall Street bankers and the extraordinary injustices that played out in the aftermath of the economic collapse.
Our government awarded bailouts to the very individuals who caused the problems and, adding insult to injury, it turned its back on ordinary working people, leaving them to languish.
The effect on suffering working families who do not have unions fighting for their interests is devastating.
Our Union has been working with the employers to man age our pension funds correctly. We constantly create new ways to maintain the best health care plans in the country while being responsible about maintaining their costs.
We now have health care reform that adds to the costs of Union-negotiated plans, as well as pension regulations that increase the strain on Union employers. Meanwhile, the employers' non-Union competitors are still thumbing their noses at the retirement needs of working people.
As a result, Unions and employers are left to wrangle in contentious negotiations over problems that, in many cases, are no fault of either the Unions or the companies.
This isn't the first time and it won't be the last time that we face difficult challenges, but I am certain of one thing: If we remain united and work together to protect the sanctity of our collective bargaining agreements, we will achieve a balance between our nation's economic uncertainty, our members' needs, the employers' demands and government's regulations.
And remember, Solidarity does work!


Install the latest Intuit QuickBooks update to ensure your data is protected.
A recent security vulnerability has been identified in Intuit QuickBooks Desktop. The vulnerability does not impact Mac or QuickBooks online users. It is recommended that QuickBooks Desktop users take immediate action to update to the most recent version.
The update includes more secure password controls, password protection for users of the "credit card protection" service, as well as notifications to address users without passwords. Customers using multi-user mode will need to ensure that all users install the security update.
For detailed instructions on installing the latest QuickBooks releases, click here.


text:
Scores of Nigeria Jihadists Drown Fleeing Air Strikes: Sources
Scores of Boko Haram jihadists have drowned in a river in northeast Nigeria's Borno state while fleeing from ground and aerial attacks from Nigerian troops, security sources and residents told AFP Monday.
Troops aided by air support attacked several villages on the fringes of the Sambisa forest jihadist stronghold outside the town of Bama, pummelling Boko Haram fighters who had taken over the area, the sources said.
The militants were overwhelmed and in an effort to escape plunged into the Yezaram river, which was overflowing from heavy rains and drowned.
"More than 100 terrorists were killed, most of them by drowning when they tried to cross the seething river," a senior military officer said on the incident which happened on Thursday through Friday.
"Our troops pulverized the terrorists from ground and air attacks, forcing them to abandon their positions," said the officer, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to speak on the incident.
Four soldiers were killed, he said.
Nigeria's Defense Minister Bashir Salihi Magashi told reporters Monday that there had been massive ground and air operations against jihadists last week, but did not give full details.
Troops, supported by Super Tucano aircraft and Alpha jets, conducted "clearance operations" in villages along the river, said Bukar Grema, an anti-jihadist militia fighter, working alongside the military.
"Most of the Boko Haram elements drowned in the river and their bloated bodies were found floating on the surface on Saturday," Grema said.
"Over 100 of them were retrieved from the river and buried by our men," he said.
Two residents confirmed the drowning incident.
Most of the bodies were recovered at Busuwwa, one local resident, Bunu Ibrahim, told AFP.
The site is 15 kilometers from Bama on the edge of Sambisa forest — a game reserve which has turned into an enclave for Boko Haram and rival Islamic State West Africa Province.
See also US Army Deploys Patriot, Other Air Defense Systems in Alaska
Boko Haram jihadists seized Bama in 2014 when they took over swathes of territory in northern Borno and declared a Caliphate.
In 2015, Nigerian troops aided by Chadian soldiers clawed back most of the territory after months-long intensive ground and aerial operations.
Residents who had fled returned three years later, with many of them living in camps as the town was substantially destroyed during the fighting to retake it.
Despite the presence of troops, Bama and neighboring villages face periodic attacks by the jihadists from their Sambisa forest stronghold.
The attacks forced residents of villages in the area to move into Bama, which is a fortified garrison town.
Boko Haram fighters have moved into some of the deserted villages, ambushing and killing scrap metal scavengers, loggers, and farmers who venture into the bush.
The jihadist violence has killed over 40,000 people and displaced around two million from their homes in the northeast since 2009, according to the United Nations.
Tags: Air, Drown, Fleeing, Jihadists, Nigeria, Scores, Sources, Strikes
Previous Mali Agrees to Strengthen Military Ties With Burkina
Next Morocco Receives Caesar Artillery From France
Al Shabaab
Ethiopia Acquires Dozens of Chinese Wheeled Howitzers
1 day ago bruce lee
Bomb Kills 27 Herders in Central Nigeria: Police

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Academic Ground
Colleges in US
Driving Schools in the US
Dental Schools in USA
High Schools in US
Physician Assistant Schools
Veterinary Schools
Students Discounts and Loans
Tips for Students
CColleges in US
10 Best Christian Schools In Alabama 2023
byVanessa Nzurum
This article provides you with the top Christian schools that are best for your ward in various cities in Alabama.
Alabama is one of the most populated states in the United States.
Alabama education consists of public and private schools, including the University of Alabama, private universities, and secondary and primary schools.
However, this guide will provide you with a list of the best Christian schools in various cities throughout Alabama.
So, carefully go through and choose the best one for your ward.
Also Read: Best Private High Schools in Alabama 2022
Are There Christian Schools In Alabama?
How Much Do Christian Schools in Alabama Cost?
What Are The Best Christian Schools In Alabama?
#1. St. Paul's Episcopal School
#2. The Westminster School at Oak Mountain
#3. Trinity Presbyterian School
#4. Westminster Christian Academy
#5. Briarwood Christian School
#6. Madison Baptist Academy
#7. Whitesburg Christian Academy
#8. Faith Christian School
#9. Evangel Classical Christian School
#10. Shoals Christian School
What Are The Best Christian Schools In Birmingham, Alabama?
What Are The Best Christian Schools in Huntsville, Alabama?
What Are The Best Christian Schools in Mobile Alabama?
What Are The Best Christian Schools In Montgomery Alabama?
What Are The Best Christian Schools In Dothan Alabama?
What Are The Best Christian Schools In Baldwin County?
Editor's Recommendation
Alabama has a large number of Christian schools.
Regardless, for the 2022-23 academic school year, 92 Christian private schools are educating 21,274 students in Alabama.
However, we will not go over all 92 schools. However, we would recommend certain Christian schools in various cities throughout Alabama that are suitable for your child.
Nevertheless, here's the list of some of the remarkable Christian schools in Alabama.
St. Paul's Episcopal School
The Westminster School at Oak Mountain
Trinity Presbyterian School
Westminster Christian Academy
Briarwood Christian School
Madison Baptist Academy
Whitesburg Christian Academy
Faith Christian School
Evangel Classical Christian School
Shoals Christian School
Providence Classical School
St Luke's Episcopal School
Alabama Christian Academy
Valley Fellowship Christian Academy
Mountain View Baptist School
The Tuition cost of Christian schools in Alabama differs. For instance, a boarding Christian school might be more expensive than a day Christian school.
However, the average tuition cost of Christian schools in Alabama is $6,121.
See Also: Best Boarding Schools in Ohio | 2022 – Academic Ground
Alabama has a wide variety of private schools, including major, small, urban, and rural. Most of those institutions have a religious affiliation, especially with the Christian faith.
The SAT/ACT results, student-teacher ratio, and other factors are used to rank these Christian schools in Alabama.
The top ten Christian schools in Alabama are shown below.
This is one of the best private, coeducational Christian schools serving students in grades PreK–12 in Mobile, Alabama.
There are 1,198 students in grades PK–12, and the student-teacher ratio is 9:1.
Furthermore, there are outstanding intellectual, artistic, spiritual, and athletic opportunities in this school.
They also offer a broad educational experience within a welcoming and diverse community committed to the principles they teach. Some of these principles include character, knowledge, creativity, and, most importantly, love.
Therefore, in this Christian school, they foster strong character traits in its students, such as honesty, compassion, and respect.
St. Paul's Episcopal School is ranked the number one best Christian school in Alabama.
Also, Tuition for the highest grade available is $12,360.
VISIT SCHOOL WEBSITE
This is a private Christian school that is situated in Birmingham, Alabama.
It has 563 students from K-12 with a student-teacher ratio of 16 to 1.
Tuition for the highest level is $10,871.
Furthermore, this school helps its students to grow into excellent leaders in the future.
Also providing a safe environment for their students with other extracurricular activities such as sports and clubs, your child will not only grow intellectually but also socially and physically.
Thus, it's one of the best Christian schools you can find in Birmingham, Alabama.
This is one of the best Christian schools situated in Montgomery, Alabama. The tuition for the top grade available is $14,190.
Trinity offers a strong academic program, dedicated professors, exceptional athletics, and a supportive family environment.
Moving on, this Christian school in Alabama is a college preparatory school that finds the ideal balance by encouraging students to strive for excellence while prioritizing Christ-like character above all.
Additionally, they develop leaders who are mentally, physically, and spiritually strong.
See Also: 10 Best Christian Schools In Utah 2023
Are you in search of a Christian school where the teachers collaborate with the parents to keep their students safe, educated, and emotionally healthy?
Looking for a school where strong bonds are formed and God is at the center of everything?
Then Westminster is the perfect choice for you.
Westminster Christian Academy is a private Christian school located in Huntsville, Alabama.
This school delivers academic achievement in the context of God's everlasting truth.
Furthermore, they provide a wide range of extracurricular, leadership, service, fine arts, athletic, and academic opportunities.
This is a Christian private school in Birmingham, Alabama.
Briarwood is a highly regarded private Christian school called Briarwood Christian School.
With a student-teacher ratio of 15 to 1, it has 1,850 pupils in grades PK–12. The cost of tuition for the top grade available is $8,550
Briarwood is ranked the 5th best Christian school in Alabama.
Furthermore, Briarwood Christian School is dedicated to delivering a comprehensive, Christian, college preparatory educational program of the highest caliber in a stimulating and supportive atmosphere.
See Also: 10 Best Christian Schools in Pennsylvania 2023
This is a well-regarded private Christian school in Madison, Alabama.
It has 55 pupils in grades K-12, with a 7-to-1 student-teacher ratio. Tuition for the highest grade available is $6,200.
Madison Academy believes that each student is a child of God who deserves to be respected.
As a result, they ensure they are developed spiritually, intellectually, and physically.
Also, they integrate Catholic values and academic excellence in their students.
This is a prestigious private Christian school in Huntsville, AL. It has 849 students in grades PK-12, with an 8 to 1 student-teacher ratio.
Tuition for the highest grade available is $10,000.
Furthermore, the teachers and Christian parents work together to establish a supportive environment where students are known, loved, engaged, and challenged as well.
Additionally, Whitesburg Christian Academy provides a worldview based on Scripture, a top-notch education, and complete high school education.
They ensure that their students become well-known as devoted followers of Christ and skilled servant leaders.
This is a private Christian school that enrolls students from kindergarten to 12th grade situated in Anniston.
The Tuition cost is $6,830 for the highest grade available.
This is one of the best Christian schools in Anniston, that prepares students for college through a rigorous curriculum and a biblically-based education.
Faith Christian school ensures that their students are prepared spiritually, academically, socially, and physically for servant leadership for God's glory.
This is a state-registered, private, K–12 Christian school situated in Alabaster, Alabama.
It has a 10 to 1 student-teacher ratio and 319 pupils in grades K–12. The highest grade available has a tuition of $6,360.
In Evangel Classical Christian School, They help in developing the spiritual maturity of their student through classical Christian education, biblical instruction, and training, using a Christian worldview as the cornerstone for all learning and a dedication to prayer.
Additionally, they are dedicated to offering their pupils a top-notch, classical education that is based on a Christian worldview.
This school is one of the best Christian schools in Alabama filled with great teachers and a welcoming environment for learning.
Read Also: Top 10 Best Flight Schools In Texas In 2023
This is a well-regarded private Christian school situated in Florence, Alabama. There are 254 students there in grades PK–12, and the student-teacher ratio is 9:1.
Also, The tuition for the highest grade available is $7,200.
The teachers in this Christian school also work together with the students to bring about a unique result in the life of the students and the school at large.
Students are encouraged to think critically and independently while maintaining a Christian worldview
They also have top-notch staff that prepares students to distinguish between truth and falsehood and make decisions that honor God.
Moving on, they also offer outstanding possibilities for growth in athletic participation, artistic interest, and leadership opportunities.
In Shoals Christian School, they train the students to courageously use their knowledge and talents to make a difference in the world.
Birmingham, the capital and largest city of Alabama, is a charming historic destination with a wide range of intriguing things to see and do, including museums, historic sites, sports, and, of course, superb schools.
Birmingham is home to many educational institutions, including Christian schools.
Therefore, here's a list of some of the best Christian schools in Birmingham, Alabama.
Heritage Christian Academy
Rock city Preparatory Christian School
Also Read: Top 10 Best Fashion Schools in Germany in 2022
With a good cost of living, low crime rate, beautiful weather, and other recreational activities, Huntsville is a great place to live and school.
Here's a list of some of the best Christian schools in Huntsville, Alabama.
Huntsville Christian Academy
Mobile is a beautiful city with a long tradition of celebrations and a lively population.
Here are some Christian schools in Mobile, Alabama that might be ideal for your kids.
Cottage Hill Christian Academy
Mobile Christian School
UMS-Wright Preparatory School
Faith Academy
Moral education is unquestionably a top priority in Montgomery and is ideal for Christian children.
The Christian schools here strive for excellence while instilling a Christ-like character in their students.
Below are some Christian schools that are ideal for your ward in this city.
Eastwood Christian School
Evangel Christian Academy
Success Unlimited Academy
Are you living in Dothan and you're looking for good schools for your ward?
Do you wish to enroll your children in a Christian school in Dothan?
Here are some Christian schools that might be best for your children.
Providence Christian School
Emmanuel Christian School
Northside Methodist Academy
Houston Academy
Westgate Christian School
Baldwin County continues to be a popular destination for people from all over the country due to its gorgeous beaches, endless recreational activities, healthy economy, and excellent educational school system.
Therefore, below are some of the best Christian schools in Baldwin county, Alabama
Bayshore Christian School
Central Christian School
South Baldwin Christian Academy
Snook Christian Academy
Bayside Academy
How Many Christian Schools Are In Alabama?
The Christian schools in this state strive to instill in young people knowledge and respect of Jesus' personality, life, and teachings to lead them to a more fulfilling personal experience.
However, for the 2022 academic year, there are 91 Christian private schools serving 20,575 students in Alabama.
How many private religious schools are there in Alabama?
Religious schools are frequently recognized for instilling ideals in children, which many families find comfortable.
Additionally, Religious schools are typically noted for their capacity to welcome differences, encourage tolerance and acceptance, and teach the values of their faith.
However, for the 2022 academic year, Alabama has 316 religiously connected private schools serving 61,738 pupils.
Alabama is an excellent place to live and go to school since it is rich in history and has many tourist attractions.
Furthermore, it is a perfect environment for socializing and learning.
There are numerous Christian school options for children living in Alabama.
However, in this post, we've listed the top ten Christian schools, as well as schools in other cities throughout the state.
As a result, your decision will be made easy.
https://www.privateschoolreview.com
https://www.thoughtco.com
https://www.niche.com
What Jobs And Careers Can You Get With Animation And VFX Course?
B Tech Admission 2023 – Overview, Eligibility, Last Date, Future Scopes
How to Start a Veterinary Profession with a DVM Degree
10+ Best Acting Schools in Atlanta | 2023 Best Rankings
10+ Best Acting Schools in California | 2023 Best Rankings
Best Acting Schools in New York | 2023 Ranking
10+ Best Acting Schools in Florida | 2023 Best Rankings
UNCG Acceptance Rate 2023: Admission Requirements And Scholarships
Williams College Acceptance Rate 2023 and Average GPA
Kenyon College Acceptance Rate 2023 | Average GPA and Admission Requirements
Vanessa Nzurum
10 Best Christian Schools In Utah 2023
10 Best Christian Schools In Missouri 2023
byAcademic Ground
UNCG acceptance rate is very high as a result, increases competition and selectivity. Getting admitted as one of…
Sewanee Acceptance Rate 2022 and Average GPA
byChisom
Sewanee has quite a competitive acceptance rate compared to other colleges around the US. There are many questions…
BBoarding Schools
Best Boarding Schools In Chicago | 2022
As expected, no parent wants their children out of sight. Seeing them evolve from cute little darlings to…
DDental Schools in USA
10 Best Dental Hygienist Schools in Arizona 2022
byIroh Grace
Best Dental Schools in Arizona: Dental Hygiene Schools in AZ have programs designed to train you to become…
CCareers
Best Esthetician Schools In NJ in 2022
Attending one of the best Esthetician school in NJ can be a smart choice to start your career. …
WPI Acceptance Rate 2022: Admissions, Courses And Scholarships
Worcester polytechnic institute is one of the few institutions with a moderately high acceptance rate. The WPI acceptance…
Designed & Developed by Academic Ground


text:
Tax Day Reflections: What would be the impact of a changing of the political guard?
By Bruce D. Simon, CFA, CPWA® and Adam Ochlis, CPA, MST
With polls currently trending toward a Democratic presidential victory and possible retaking of both houses of Congress, the implications for taxes and financial markets could be significant. On the tax front, the Presidential election looms large due to the considerable policy differences between the parties. The ramifications of a shift in governmental control on equity markets may be somewhat more nuanced, but no less important. Although a lot can change before November, we believe it is timely to consider the impact of a change in political leadership in Washington and how it might affect both planning and investment strategy.
A Review of Democratic Tax Proposals
As a reminder, we are only 30 months removed from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) that impacted individual taxpayers and businesses alike. The TCJA lowered the individual income tax rates for ordinary income, expanded the standard deduction for millions of taxpayers, and curtailed certain itemized deductions for others. The legislation also reduced the number of taxpayers impacted by the Alternative Minimum Tax and increased exemption amounts applicable to the gift and estate tax. On the business side, the legislation lowered the corporate tax rate from a high of 35% to 21% while making companies structured as passthrough entities (S corporations, limited liability companies, and partnerships) more competitive through a new Qualified Business Income deduction.
Unsurprisingly, candidate Biden has proposed to roll back many of the tax changes implemented through the TCJA. In a Biden administration, the highest individual marginal rate could return to the pre-2017 level of 39.6% and the corporate rate could jump to 28%. Some economists, including Gary Cohn, former director of the National Economic Council under President Trump, have stated that a 28% rate would still be low enough for U.S. businesses to remain competitive worldwide.
One of Biden's individual tax proposals is to tax long-term capital gains (i.e. assets held longer than a year) at the same rate as all ordinary income and short-term capital gains for taxpayers earning more than $1 million annually. In other words, the proposal would tax ordinary income and long-term capital gains for those high-earning taxpayers at the same 39.6% rate. This would return us to the period of 1988-1990, the only time in history when long term capital gains were taxed at the same rate as ordinary income.
Another proposal that generated considerable discussion during the Democratic primary season was that of a wealth tax, or taxing an individual's wealth each year in addition to the tax on annual income. Commentators have spent much time pontificating about the constitutionality of a wealth tax and the myriad issues related to its enforcement. But the issue remains a high priority for some members of the party, particularly the progressive wing. To date, Biden has not endorsed the concept and we view the likelihood of passage of a wealth tax as very low.
Planning Implications
Of the current proposals being floated by the Biden campaign, the two that are drawing the most attention are the aforementioned near doubling of the long-term capital gains rate and the possible changes to gift and estate tax regulations.
Long-term capital gains. Consider a situation where a client has held on to an underperforming stock with a low basis for a long time in order to avoid paying a tax of 20% on its appreciation. If the rate jumps to 39.6%, the argument for realizing the gain sooner becomes much more compelling. The collapse of stock prices in March created the opportunity to realize significant tax losses which could be used to offset the gains realized from selling the underperformer at little or no out-of-pocket tax cost. So, it could be good time to pull the trigger on the sale. At the same time, the tax losses realized earlier this year may be more valuable in a future of higher capital gains rates, so it might be better to hang on to these losses.
Ultimately, investment fundamentals will likely dictate the best path forward.
The tried and true strategy of gifting highly appreciated securities (and entirely avoid the capital gains hit) to fund philanthropic objectives should become more valuable in a higher tax regime, although Biden's proposal to limit the benefit of certain itemized deductions – something President Obama proposed but failed to enact – could dampen its value.
Gift and estate tax changes. Since the passage of the TCJA, utilizing the larger gift and estate exemption (now $11.58 million per person) by transferring wealth to younger generations has been an effective strategy. These provisions in the TCJA revert to the 2017 levels of $5 million per person (adjusted for inflation) in 2026. The caveat in the discussion has always been that the law is fluid and Congress and the President can change it at any time.
With the election now 16 weeks away and the possibility that Biden could look to accelerate the sunset provisions (or go even further by lowering the exemption to, say, $3.5 million per person), wealthy families with estate transfer objectives should apply a heightened sense of urgency to take advantage of the current law. If Biden wins, one could envision that certain tax changes could be made retroactive as early as January 1, 2021. There is still ample time to consider strategies to utilize exemption amounts before year-end, but those discussions should begin now.
Biden is also proposing to eliminate the step-up in basis at death which enables assets in a decedent's estate to be sold with little or no tax cost. This provision, also a holdover from the Obama administration proposals, speaks to the importance of trying to locate assets in the most tax efficient manner possible using the rules in place at the time. For example, having the most highly appreciated assets located in the estate of the older generations may not make sense post-2020 if the step-up in basis at death is eliminated.
Investment Implications
Conventional wisdom holds that divided government is best for financial markets, since the ensuing gridlock enables the perpetuation of the status quo. The argument is that markets hate uncertainty, and divided government reduces the chances of any radical legislation passing that would be unfriendly to investors. If the Democrats regain control of the Senate, maintain leadership in the House, and win the White House, is the stock market headed for a fall?
In fact, the data shows the opposite. The US stock market performed better during periods when one party controlled both the White House and the Congress than when the government was divided, irrespective of which party was in control. According to Nicholas Colas of DataTrek Research, the S&P 500 posted an annual average gain of 16% during Republican control and 14.3% during Democratic control between 1945 and 2019. During periods when control was shared, the S&P 500 on average gained 10.8% annually. In and of itself, full Democratic control should not be especially concerning to investors.
If Biden is successful in hiking the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28% as noted above, S&P earnings are expected to decline by as much as 20%, according to Goldman Sachs. The S&P 500 rallied more than 28% from the date of Trump's election to the passage of the TCJA. All else equal, a partial reversal of the corporate tax rate cut should result in a proportionate decline in stock prices
Beyond the corporate tax hike, other Democratic policy changes could have a meaningful impact on specific companies and industries. A Democratic administration might be tougher on antitrust legislation, reducing industry consolidation. The enormous reach of today's dominant competitors (e.g. Apple, Amazon, Facebook, and Google) could be under increasing pressure to divest or restructure. A new administration could reimpose new regulatory burdens on corporations, rolling back some of the changes made during the Trump administration and crimping profit margins. They might pursue a nationwide hike to the minimum wage, raising the cost of labor to businesses. At the industry level, they could take a tougher stand on regulating the fossil fuel industry and/or imposing changes to the healthcare system that would lower the profitability of healthcare providers. These changes would likely all be perceived as market-unfriendly.
At the same time, a democratic administration, with help from a supportive Congress, may be more willing to spend aggressively to restore the economy to its pre-COVID growth trajectory. This might include additional forms of financial support directly to individuals, and/or the passage of a large package that could provide additional jobs while rebuilding the nation's crumbling infrastructure. An administration more attuned to the climate change crisis may enact incentives designed to promote growth and development in alternative energy sources. Under a Biden Presidency, the US is more likely to sign new trade treaties, and less likely to engage in trade wars. Immigration policies will likely relax, which is a favorable development for many industries, particularly tech, that have historically relied on international talent.
While no one likes to pay more in taxes, higher marginal tax rates on individuals should increase the relative attractiveness of tax-exempt municipal bonds versus their taxable counterparts.
Should he win the presidency, Biden will probably be sensitive to the political and economic climate before attempting to implement tax increases. An immediate tax hike foisted upon an electorate still recovering from the devastating effects of the coronavirus pandemic and facing high unemployment levels may be politically unwise, regardless of which party controls Congress.
Financial markets seem to agree. Even as prediction markets have reflected a growing probability of a Democratic sweep in November, stock prices have remained firm. At present, investors appear unconcerned about the prospects of a significant change in political leadership, preferring to focus on the path to a full economic recovery.
For planning purposes, though, we are contemplating a scenario in which some or all of these proposals would be enacted if the Democrats were to take the Presidency and control of the Senate, while retaining the House. However, Democratic control of the Senate, if it happened, would likely be by a narrow margin. As noted above, we consider it unlikely that a wealth tax could make it through the legislative gauntlet in that environment. For the same reason, capital gains tax increases on the order of Biden's proposal strike us as unlikely. Higher marginal rates, a re-write of the TCJA, and changes in the estate and gift tax rates and exemptions are our primary planning scenario.
It should go without saying that making investment and planning decisions solely in anticipation of a Biden presidency is unwise. In some ways, the election seems to be right around the corner. In others, it's the same amount of time since we first added the terms "social distancing" and "coronavirus" to our lexicon. A lot can, and likely will, change between now and November 3rd.
Read PDF here.
About Bruce D. Simon, CFA, CPWA®
Bruce is a Partner and the Director of Research at the firm. In addition to working directly with a number of family clients, Bruce serves on Ballentine's Investment Management Committee, which is responsible for the oversight of all of the investment activities for the firm.
About Adam Ochlis, CPA, MST
Adam is a Partner, Senior Client Advisor, and Planning Group Chair at the firm. While responsible for multiple areas of wealth management, he has a particular expertise in income tax planning for high net worth individuals. He keeps abreast of tax developments and informs the firm of changes in legislation and implications for the firm's clients.
This report is the confidential work product of Ballentine Partners. Unauthorized distribution of this material is strictly prohibited. The information in this report is deemed to be reliable but has not been independently verified. Some of the conclusions in this report are intended to be generalizations. The specific circumstances of an individual's situation may require advice that is different from that reflected in this report. Furthermore, the advice reflected in this report is based on our opinion, and our opinion may change as new information becomes available. Nothing in this presentation should be construed as an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. You should read the prospectus or offering memo before making any investment. You are solely responsible for any decision to invest in a private offering. The investment recommendations contained in this document may not prove to be profitable, and the actual performance of any investment may not be as favorable as the expectations that are expressed in this document. There is no guarantee that the past performance of any investment will continue in the future.
BACK TO Wealth Insights