Headlights are a source of light which is attached to the front of a car and also is a useful device that can enable you to drive in the darkest of roads wherever possible. They are spherical or square at times when they are designed to fit the car correctly or just go with the looks of the car. But these many other uses than just illuminating the road ahead of you.
They have a function known as high beam and low beam which is very useful when it comes to driving on a two-way road.
It makes everything visible ahead of you and also makes sure that the person in from of you who is driving knows your presence.
Low beam is nothing but the ability of a headlight to make sure that the light is at its minimal power and can brighten the road in front of the driver not to an extent as all the light particles are scattered and not much goes ahead.
These are useful when you drive on the highway to enable the other person that you are there.
Then there are high beams which use the entire power of the headlight to display the brightest of beams to make sure the light covers maximum distance.
These are widely used in places which have zero visibility range and also come when you need to notify your presence while driving fast. Then there is best headlights to buy something called as Dipper which tends to dip or change from low to high beams simultaneously and also enables the person in from of you that you are right behind him or to make him give way to you. But in recent advancements, there are headlights which are also used in the daytime to add several other features or just for the design point of view they are installed.
They are mainly known as DRL and also have a high luminosity range and hence can be used in the daytime.
Since the first car was ever produced there have been several advancements in the development of the Car headlights as there was only on the type of color which the light imparted on the road and that was a yellowish tint which was very boring and never that great, Now we have a broad range of high bright luminous light which is mostly white or a slight tint of blue. But even with their Advent of newer and newer headlights.
There were some disadvantages as they have a lot of glare which was being imparted on the road.
It caused a lot of problem to the people on the other side of the road and also to the pedestrians causing temporary blindness which may prove fatal on high-speed car driving.
They also had not that much of luminosity with which they could be used for a long duration as heat and temperature made it impossible for its long usage and also made manufacturers frustrated as well.
But the earlier headlights had no way of cooling the lights and also made it impossible for them to be efficient as they used to consume a lot of energy and illuminate less brightness than expected. And also they don't have the capability of making the road in front of them brighten up enough for the driver to see. Best headlight bulbs for night driving But these were the earlier days but in recent advancements, there have been a lot of changes and a lot of improvements which has enabled car manufacturers to make their cars look the best of their capabilities.
Most the newer types of headlights have been HID lights and LED lights. These have very high luminosity range and also are really compact in nature. These factors enable the car manufacturers to play around them and making them really unique due to their compact nature and really flexible in design. But then these came standard in the present day cars as they provided much better looks and even the output of light was extremely high.
The cost was reduced not by much but made a significant increase in performance. But the three of them halogen headlights, HID headlights and LED lights all to have its drawbacks as well as advantages over each other and also they are at the top of their game in their way.
Before you choose a headlight for your vehicle, you need to be sure about what is it going to be used for and what primary purpose it is going to have in your vehicle after it has been installed in the vehicle. Each action of the headlight is for a particular purpose only, and Connors has adhered to any other kind of situation as it will fail miserably and never give you the desired clearance of the road at night time.
So choose wisely. But in today's automotive industry there are only these three but yet more kinds of development, but then you sure can never expect what might come out next. So think before choosing to make the best use out of the headlights.
Halogen Light was the first ever lights that have been used since the very beginning of the automotive industry.
These headlights are nothing but a tungsten filament which illuminates high level of intensity of light on application of an enormous amount of energy with the liberation of heat and power at the same time.
There is halogen gas as well stores within the bulb as when switched on the gas reacted with the tungsten filament to give out a bright light and when altered with the current being great the headlight it gave out the desired amount of brightness but with a lot of heat and a significant rise in temperature.
At times a lot of there were attached to each other to create a much brightest led headlights and also gives out a lot better clearance of the darkness which allows the drivers to see through the darkness with ease and without any difficulty. But there was one problem.
The reaction of halogen gas with the tungsten filament only created heat but nothing else and the luminosity range also was affected as there was only heat and never gave out the expected results.
There was another problem a major one which was that the tungsten filament would work only for a certain amount of time and also not allow the bulb to work exactly.
How it should but stop making it work as the halogen gas present in the bulb would corrode the filament making it not work and also make it really inefficient at all time. For all purpose easily available custom headlights for cars are also good options.
This would make it loose it's luminosity range and also not make it work at most of the times. But this wasn't the case in the other headlights which came out much later.
These were called high-intensity discharge lamps or better known as HID headlights.
This was much more advanced ( Black headlights ) and also packs a lot of energy while it was switched on and didn't stop working no matter what the cause.
These were the same as halogen bulbs, but that made them run a lot was that it didn't contain any sort of filament which was needed to be heated or any such thing like that but the entire bulb was filled with xenon gas which was much more efficient as the gas only would illuminate when reacted with electricity. This tends to create a plasma which can be seen through the naked eye and not at all harmful. But this wasn't the case with halogen bulbs as even while having direct contact with the bulb it would result in temporary blindness, Color changing halo headlights and some worst case scenarios would lead to permanent damage to the eyes.
They have a brighter luminosity range which makes it was better than halogen lights. But what made this efficient and usable was that it had xenon gas filled in the bulb itself which made the range and the brightness factor much more adjustable, Xenon Projector Headlights for cars also made it much more convenient to be used in most of the vehicles. This was possible by controlling the electricity input to the headlights.
These were the advantages and the specialty of these headlights. But then there were some disadvantages as well.
They had the tendency to cast a glare on the opposite side of the driver in the vehicle which made it impossible of the driver to see and might cause fatal accidents as well in some worst case scenarios.
All these could be overcome by better positioning the headlights for better luminosity and better Range of the headlight.
But comparatively HID are much preferable than halogen lights as they enable us to have much more control over the lighting factor with much less heat produced and also allow a much longer life duration of the headlights.
In later, Recent advancements in the automotive industry, there have been some newer kinds of lights which are much smaller as well as efficient than the other two known as light emitting discharge or also known as LED light. What made these kinds of light famous is that its compact nature and also its way of maneuverability of the light around the car.
Those sorts of features, it made it just fantastic for the car manufacturers to play with the HID headlights and also make it possible for any form of shape and sizes.
These were more responsive and also much more reliable as well as being more and more efficient when compared to the other two.
Xenon led headlights don't need much energy for its illumination but just require a small amount t of electricity for its usage.
They have the ability to move from high beam to low beam within a flash without any sort of fluctuations whatsoever.
Another specialty was that it has the capability to almost eliminate glare onto the oncoming driver on the other side of the road as there wasn't much light of high brightness which made it possible for a smooth ride without making any sacrifices to the luminosity range of the light whatsoever.LED's you require very less energy for it to function and even the heat generated is really less when compared to the other two kinds of headlights. But this has a side effect.
These types of lights sure do emit heat and light at the same time but then they release heat at the bottom where all the circuitry.
The connection is there which makes it a lot more vulnerable for it not to have a long lifespan.
Then there should be a heat sink for it to stay calm which is nothing but a cooling system which is really expensive and also a lot more vulnerable.
It makes cost rocket sky high and makes it a lot harder to work with than the other to kind of headlights. But xenon headlights vs led lights this was in general about what the types of lights available out there for your personalisation. But then the light what each kind of halogen lights illuminate is different from each other and also has its tint to go with.
Then even though you select a particular type of headlight you need to aware of the color and the intensity of light that it imparted of the road such that it fits perfectly into the kind of beacon that you desire to have installed. But the color of the light is very important when you choose any light.
It doesn't vary in brightness or the heat generated but only gives the car a much better look and also enhances the visibility range of the vehicle in general.
This is measured on a Kelvin scale and the yellow tint what you see in cars limits your visibility range and the cooler the light gets the much better range it has in covering much more surface area.
In general, people prefer blue color in their light as it's is much safer to the eyes and also looks kind of cool Xenon headlights bmw on the vehicle that you install. Another use of these types of lighting is that it is much more guarded and also fiver a more natural look and prevents staining of the eyes.
This kind of light is only suited to roads and not on off roading. But I'd you go off roading the best light for you would be to pick a headlight which has more luminosity range and also produces a lot of light altogether.
This Improves visibility and enhances the chances of you avoiding any large-scale obstacles on the course that you might be heading.
On roads, a bluish light goes hand in hand with the cars that you drive. But this is what are the types you hey out there.
For all this may not come in the stock car that you might drive. To get these kinds of headlight there are spare parts separately which are called aftermarket parts. But in referring to this context we have aftermarket headlamps for Car.
They vary from a wide range of parts going from very low luminosity of light to extremely high brightness range of the beacon. There is a wide range available for each and every one. But what you need to look for in these parts is that your choice of the car and what will look best on the car of yours. Other than this you need to be sure what would look better on that car of yours. It will narrow your option even fast and help you select the right headlight for your vehicle. But then keep in mind that what you require and what you need. Never deviate from your choice but make sure that you are confident in what you purchase.
Make sure that you are looking for Aftermarket headlight bulbs your requirements that might be better road visibility or just the beautiful part of your car.
The choice is all up to you. But even after all this, you need to make sure that the voltage supply of those headlights matches the requirements of the car and doesn't need any other sources for its functionality. But the main other points which you have to keep in mind is the cost factor.
These headlights can range anywhere from being really cheap to be highly expensive.
It all comes down to you as to what will look best and what should the headlight do, whether to remove the road or just to make the vehicle look better and nice altogether.
Now that we are talking about Aftermarket headlights let's take a look at some which excel in their field and they are at the top of their game in today's generation.
These low beam headlights are the best of their game and also offer a wide selection in this particular model as well. What makes these special is that it has the ability to empower high amount t of bright light on the road as these a gas filled and at the same time not produce any sort of glare onto the oncoming driver which is a huge benefit while driving during the night time.
kensun led headlights designed in such a way that they don't have any adverse outcome but only provide bright light throughout.
They are angled in such a way that they do not on have the ability to illuminate the entire road but also have the capacity to provide enough energy to cover the whole road ahead of them.
It ensures that the glare generated at the minimal and also have the capability of having a lot of lot more efficiency while it illuminates the bright light.
The color temperature of this sort of light is around 6000K which produces bright light which is generally with a hint of blue in color and provides a more natural illumination altogether. But what makes this even more unique is that this is a HID kit which enables it to last long.
The installation of these Types of headlights doesn't amount to more than 20 mins as they come with a manual and all sorts of side accessories which you can play.
They just need to be plugged into the vehicle, and it's ready to go.
There is need to cut any sort of wires but a simple procedure which can be followed through the manual that comes with the kit.
It has only a gas filled in the entire headlight which makes it durable and the driver has full control of the light.
They don't need any sort of filament for its light illuminating process. But then the color temperatures in these kinds of bulbs are around 8000K which is extremely bright and could be used in off-roading machines.
They have a higher efficiency rate as they take in less energy but dissipate more energy. The pricing of these bulbs are Very cheap headlights and can be bought by anyone to have the installed into their vehicle, but the experience what you will get out of these is a really good one and it does the job well without any sort of problems or failures and give you a really bright and durable lighting experience altogether.
This bad boy isn't meant for the normal usage. But is mentioned for appalling conditions of weather and also can illuminate any darkens of terrain with utmost ease and without any problems. These headlights are perfect for such terrains and will never give any challenges.
Each LED install this has a 6000K light emitting diode which enables it to produce brilliant and white light over a large distance at a luminosity range of 7000. What makes these special is they have multiple LED's lined up together creating a lot more of light with really less amount of energy and making it dazzling.
They have the state of the art LED bulbs which make it one the brightest LED'S out there that can ever be fitted onto a vehicle.
Opt7 led fog lights have a high fitting factor as these headlights not only are designed to fit properly but come with a separate housing factor which helps in making it more convenient for the light to be mounted in any headlight housing there is out there.
Another unique feature about this Opt7 led h11 LED lights is that it all waterproof and housed in a rugged structure making sure that no matter what you threw at it the LED's will perform how it performs since the day you first switched them on.
These headlights don't mess around as they have a 20 mins installation period which is quick and fast with Opt7 led installation guide.
They come with all the attachments required for its installation such that it is speedy and quick and takes a less time to get some bright lighting onto the car.
These headlights have the ability to be functioning for more than 50000 hours and also have no problems in the end.
It looks it also houses an aluminum casing which does all of the work in making it the most durable lighting experience available out there.
These are really reliable and never fail you no matter what. They will work even on the rugged situations and also make sure that it provides the bright illuminating light at all times without any sort of problems or failures.
Opt7 fluxbeam will give you an experience of your lifetime as they will brighten up any dark area with any challenges and will offer you a whole new lighting experience altogether.
These headlights are at the top their game is that they have a brilliant in-house heat extraction system.
It enables to have all excellent performance of the light as well as remove all the heat that might be ever generated to make it efficient at all times.
They tend to keep on working no matter what the road has to throw at them and making them just unbelievably amazing to have on your vehicle for an amazing experience while driving in the night time.
The headlights are made by a company who has dedicated every aspect of their ability in the manufacturing of these bulbs throughout their life so there has to be some sort of specialty in them all together. They are experts in what they do and also deliver Sylvania Silverstar Ultra quality products which are mainly targeted to the aftermarket region of the automotive industry. If in case buy any of these products you sure will know that they have a really long lasting life and also you will have a great experience in using them. With a lot of seeing further see wider and see better go sure do know that you have bought a product which will never let you down.
The product which we are talking about here is the newest on the line of the company and offers a really good lighting experience.
These are halogen headlights. But be aware that there is a twist in the bulbs as the bulbs are more or less really have a high beam in what they do.
They have a tungsten filament which is illuminated through the current which is to be provided to the bulb and its illumination is due to the halogen gas around the bulb itself.
Sylvania lighting bulbs that this is no ordinary bulb as it has the ability to enhance your driving capability in the night time.
It is nothing like a standard halogen headlight but has a unique feature that allows it to enhance your viewing capability in the evening time and delivers it no matter what the cost.
The tungsten filament which is used in this bulb is more durable and also much resilient when compared to other bulbs and also has a different low expansion rate and also a high melting point.
It also features all sorts of malleable characteristics which separate them from the standard Types of Halogen bulbs that you might find out there. But it's functionality is all the same as the halogen gas present inside the bulb reacts with the tungsten filament providing a bright luminous light which is constant and the beam coming it vibrant and bright with no sort of distortion whatsoever.
It also helps to keep the glass clear for any dust or dirt.
This product is that it enhances the road viewing capability and also elevate the contrast of the road at night times which make it much safer to drive in the evening time.
The product also provides a clearer picture of what is to come ahead of you in the night times.
The device, in general, is much more reliable as they offer a down the road illuminating light which eliminates glare in general and also helps In avoiding any sort of casualties in general. But the product is quite unique and different from others.
For the price which is cheap enough, it's sufficient to say that they have the best lighting system for the cars and also the best at Sylvania zevo using halogen bulb as their first lamp. But their installation procedure is quite simple as it is just a plugin use device which comes with other manuals as well which enables you to Install the entire kit single handed and makes it very easy for it to be used all over again.
The name itself is enough for you to get to know that the products what come out are top notch and durable at all times. The product what we are discussing here is nothing standard as the lighting system over here tends to offer 130% more illumination factor than any other product out there.
Philips Xtreme Vision also have the ability to produce more light than anyone else and still be compact and durable while providing at what it does best.
The product comes in a dual enrollment as each one for a headlight. It's efficient and famous for the way it works and also has a lot of light energy dissipating factor in them.
Its design is one thing as it allows you to do more with very less and also takes a lot less space than any other headlight out there. For a device that does Soo much while taking up such less space is something really innovative and also the device, in general, provides a powerful beam at all time without any sort of failure or problem whatsoever.
Making sure that stays the top at what it does and also making it the Best Aftermarket headlights f150 available out there. But this is not it. The light is mainly designed such that they can be fitted anywhere and also make it adjustable at all times. They come in various sizes and designs which allow you to make a better style statement about your car and also make it effective and efficient at times. But it doesn't stop there as the enthusiasm of the company is to give durable and reliable products throughout whole taken up less energy and less space but only given bright and luminous light all throughout.
So many different kinds of goods available, there are the ones who are having a color temperature of 3500K and also with a 60/55W performance scale which is just amazing and outstanding altogether.
Then the list of goodies doesn't stop there as Philips Xtreme vision plus 130 h4 each of the glass which is fitted to the bulb is made out of UV-quartz glass making illumination and brightness factor really high and much more than expected.
It's really reliable and also unique. It allows bright light to pass through the bulb and also provide a much better coverage at night times.
They are shock proof and also consists of a temperature resistant glass lens making it really amazing and also if u choose these headlights you are sure that nothing is ever going to go wrong.
They have 147 feet longer light beam making it no problem whatsoever to look or drive in the night time.
Even the reaction or the switching on time is all by just 2 seconds.
They have an incredible lifespan of about 450 hours of continuous usage capability.
The gas which is filled inside the bulb has a 13 bar high pressure which makes it illuminate the Philips xtreme vision h7 brightest of lights at all times. But the drawback is that the bulbs shouldn't be touched as that might result in the oil to heat up and to result in the lesser lifespan of the bulb. But the cost is somewhere cheap and can be bought by anyone. They have a particular purpose and does justice when used in the right way possible.
This is all possible Osram night breaker laser h7 & h11 with the luminosity factor which is altered in the bulb and making it bright and enabling you to see the road comfortably without any sort of problems whatsoever.
This lamp unique is that the filament used in this is much more efficient and also much more durable with a much better, efficient halogen gas which creates this sort of light mod also gives a tough competition to the other aftermarket headlights available out there.
It allows the naked eye to look at the bulbs directly without any squinting or causing any temporary blindness.
Osram night breaker unlimited on gives out clean and efficient lighting with really less heat and also doesn't cause any harsh light. If you go for this, you will never require any other headlights at all.
The product comes with a twin bulbs one for each headlight. With a unique feature that enables it to be in any frame and also makes sure that it delivers what it's designed to do at all times and just be a flush fit in any headlight housing, there is available out there.
You are not doing anything wrong in buying this as you know what you are purchase and the product is 100% genuine. The entire package is robust, durable and resistant to any wear and tear making it the best lighting solution available out there. Buying this product sure will help you to keep daylight with you at all times and making night times not a problem at all. This product can be purchased by anyone as it is cheap and also really efficient for the price at which the company is offering the product.


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Casanova in Paris: The Shadows of the King – part 1
HomeHistoire de ma Vie
Histoire de ma Vie
Histoire de ma vie (History of my life) is Casanova's wonderful autobiography. Running to almost one and a quarter million words, and written in French (the language of the educated European classes) it is twice the length of Tolstoy's War and Peace and covers his life to the year 1774, when it stops abruptly. He began writing his autobiography sometime around 1789 when he was in his mid-sixties, apparently to cheer himself up during a period of illness, and was still writing it when he died. It is a record not just of his love life but of what he ate, what he read, how he dressed, how he travelled, of his gambling, his business and financial dealings, of medical treatments, of the theatre, of the Church, the political, religious, intellectual and cultural preoccupations of the time, and of moral attitudes and codes of behaviour. Altogether it gives the reader an unparalleled insight into the life of eighteenth-century Europe. Casanova was also an accomplished writer and a tremendous storyteller who loved to entertain his audience. Histoire de ma vie, even in translation, is a joy to read.
He wrote this monumental work during his time as a librarian in Dux castle, in Bohemia, where he lived from 1787 until his death in 1798. Effectively in exile from Venice for a second time, aging, homeless, unemployed, not in the best of health and resentful at the failure of the literary world to take this overreaching son of an actress seriously, Casanova was offered the position of librarian by Count Joseph Charles de Waldstein. Despite getting him out of a hole, Dux was generally an unhappy final resting place for this great adventurer, his pleasure-seeking days behind him. He wasn't particularly respected by those he worked and lived alongside and his cantankerous disposition didn't help. It was because of this, as well as his determination to achieve recognition as a serious man of letters, that he threw himself into writing. Arthur Symons notes:
Casanova tells us in his Memoirs that, during his later years at Dux, he had only been able to 'hinder black melancholy from devouring his poor existence, or sending him out of his mind,' by writing ten or twelve hours a day.
('Casanova at Dux: An Unpublished Chapter of History)
And the Venetian's output was prodigious:
In his declining years, his writing alarmed not just the illiterate servants at Dux but his friends. He left, at his death in 1798, 1,703 letters, fifty drafts of dialogues, 150 memos, sixty-seven printed items, 390 poems as well as nearly five hundred pages of uncategorised writings; more than three thousand manuscript pages of various works in progress, in addition to his memoirs that ran to nearly four thousand folio pages, and existed, once, in multiple hand-copied versions.
(Ian Kelly, 'Casanova: Actor, Spy, Lover, Priest')
Casanova died 4th June, 1798, his autobiography beside him. Carlo Angiolini, Casanova's nephew-in-law, organised his burial and it was he who now inherited the many volumes of loose manuscript that comprised Histoire de ma vie. More than 20 years later, in January 1821, they were bought by the German publisher F A Brockhaus and now this forgotten Venetian adventurer began to fall under the gaze of a wide European public. It was, of course, the womaniser, not the serious man of letters, that caught the attention. Over the next several generations numerous abridged, censored, 'improved', pirated, and poorly translated versions came on to the market. Some were little more than approximations of the original. The Busoni pirate edition (1833-1837) included completely fictitious additional material. The successful Laforgue version (1826-1838), based upon the original manuscript, was heavily censored and rewritten by Jean Laforgue, a French teacher employed by Brockhaus to edit the text prior to publishing:
If any one person was responsible for defaming Casanova, it was Laforgue, a revolutionary sympathizer, atheist and fundamentalist bigot. He didn't just correct Casanova's French but removed passages he disapproved of, softened Casanova's conservative political stance and toned down what he regarded as obscenity while spicing up passages that he thought dull.
(David Coward, 'Man of the World', Times Literary Supplement)
All editions produced after 1838, until 1960, were based upon these unreliable versions rather than the original manuscripts which were kept hidden by Brockhaus to prevent further pirating. This included the 1894 Arthur Machen translation which for a long time remained the standard English version (although later re-edited and revised, notably by Arthur Symons, who recognised the problematic nature of the Laforgue edition upon which the Machen translation was based). In the second world war, the originals very narrowly escaped being destroyed by the allied bombing of Leipzig, where Brockhaus was based. Between 1960 and 1962, an unabridged version that was faithful to the original was finally released, and this became the basis for the main translations that followed, including William Trask's English version which was completed in 1971. In 2010, the manuscripts were bought by the Bibliothèque nationale de France and made available online.
The errors contained in these various editions, compounded by deliberate falsification, predictably undermined faith in the veracity of Casanova's memoirs and the reputation of the man himself. Inevitably, those who found his attitudes and behaviour morally reprehensible would be more likely to view these inconsistencies as evidence of his fundamental unreliability and draw the conclusion that he was a fantasist or a self-serving propagandist (or both). Nor did the fact that his autobiography sold well mean that people took his adventures too seriously. In every age, there has been a market for scandal and a rollicking good story, true or false. Indeed, the boundaries between fact and fiction in the public arena can become notoriously ill-defined. Take the example of Sherlock Holmes. A 2011 poll with a sample size of 1,000 uncovered that 21% of people believed he was a real, historical figure. By a similar process, but in reverse, Casanova has become fictionalised, an archetype of the amoral playboy, and has been represented as such on film throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
There has always been some serious interest in Casanova, however, and this scholarship, particularly since the 1960s, has confirmed the veracity of much of what he wrote. This is not to say that inaccuracies don't exist. Writing largely from memory, to entertain himself as well as others, it would be incredible otherwise. Moreover, although Casanova was a historian (he wrote an important work entitled 'The history of the Polish troubles') Histoire de ma vie was as much shaped by his literary and philosophical interests as it was an attempt to provide an historically accurate account of his life. French literary historian Marie-Francoise Luna has demonstrated that Casanova modelled his autobiography on a sixteenth-century epic poem by the Italian poet Ludovico Ariosto called 'The Frenzy of Orlando'. It has also been convincingly argued by Casanovists such as Jean-Christophe Igalens, Ivo Cerman and Frederico di Trocchio that Histoire de ma vie is, in fact, a philosophical work.
Casanova had a particular interest in moral philosophy (how people ought to act and how they do act) and saw himself as a philosopher. He was keenly aware of the currents of thought and disputes that engaged Enlightenment thinkers and was an active participant in the debates that took place – (the broader intellectual context of the Enlightenment, and Casanova's own beliefs in relation to it, will be the basis for several future articles). Through Histoire de ma vie, Casanova uses his own life and experience as a way of exploring philosophical ideas, notably Libertinism. This subjective empiricism approach was not uncommon. It was, for example, central to much of the experimental method of the early eighteenth-century philosopher George Berkeley. Ivo Cerman comments: 'He [Casanova] investigated human nature in order to discover the limits of human capacities to act morally…[Histoire de ma vie] was supposed to be a true record of his own past actions, which should have shown Casanova what kind of person he really was'. Cerman goes on to suggest that Casanova may have been inspired by one of the greatest of French philosophes, Denis Diderot, who suggested that for a person to know themselves they needed to write a history of their life ('histoire de sa vie'). In this light, Histoire de ma vie becomes a significant and original philosophical work as Casanova tests the ideologies and ethics of Libertinism with empirical evidence from lived reality. Histoire de ma vie allows the Venetian adventurer to explore whether Libertinism possessed genuine moral value. Was the search for pleasure, based as it was upon the naturalness of human emotions and needs, a legitimate moral goal? What was the relationship between virtue, pleasure and happiness? What part did marriage and religion play in these equations? Several times in Histoire de ma vie the seriousness of Casanova's love for a woman, for example, manifests itself in his stated desire to marry her (itself an Enlightenment impulse, elevating as it did love and happiness as a basis for marriage above the more conventional grounds which were rooted in pragmatic and patriarchal family interests).
A specific example of how he uses his lived experience to explore philosophical themes can be seen on the topic of the soul. His earliest memory was from the age of eight and he takes the lack of any memory prior to that age as empirical evidence against the concept of an immortal soul. It is clear to Casanova that memory and self-awareness, essential to what it is to be a human being, are the consequence of a biological process of maturation rooted in the material and physical world, contradicting the metaphysical claims of theologians:
The history of my life must begin by the earliest circumstance which my memory can evoke; it will therefore commence when I had attained the age of eight years and four months. Before that time, if to think is to live be a true axiom, I did not live, I could only lay claim to a state of vegetation. The mind of a human being is formed only of comparisons made in order to examine analogies, and therefore cannot precede the existence of memory. The mnemonic organ was developed in my head only eight years and four months after my birth; it is then that my soul began to be susceptible of receiving impressions. How is it possible for an immaterial substance, which can neither touch nor be touched, to receive impressions? It is a mystery which man cannot unravel.
(Casanova's Memoirs, The Author's Preface)
In Histoire de ma vie, however, Casanova's general approach to his philosophical quarry is indirect. Paralleling Voltaire, he wrote in such a way that differently attuned readers would be receptive to a different range of issues embedded within his autobiography. The more sophisticated the reader, the more they would be sensitive to its deeper implications:
…their presence [philosophical debates] in the memoirs is discreet and their evocation indirect. Moreover, Casanova prefers an allusive style of writing, the constitution of a network of meanings by means of a play of echoes and repetitions, to abstract reasonings.
(Jean-Christophe Igalens, 'Casanova: writing the dream between philosophy and autobiography')
Although he titles his autobiography a history, the notion of 'history' in the eighteenth century and previously was different to how the term is understood today. Firstly, it's meaning was broader. History concerned itself with things as they were, not as they ought to have been. Thus science was called 'natural history'. Furthermore, writers about the past such as Voltaire (and even Casanova himself, when he was commissioned to write about the history of Poland) were relatively unusual with regards to the extent of their concern for factual accuracy. Even David Hume, famous in his day as an historian, was criticised for historical inaccuracies yet was preferred to other historians due to his engaging narrative style.  In previous centuries, accounts of the past were as much myth as fact. The classic example, of course, is Virgil's Aeneid which ingeniously blends myth with historical fact in his account of the origins of Rome. Neither did a text's factual inaccuracy necessarily undermine faith in the truths it purported to convey (as in the case of the Bible). Classical and Renaissance historians would happily make things up to fill gaps in the historical record of whatever narrative they were composing. Moral and rhetorical priorities were more important than a critical interrogation of their source material. Histoire de ma vie should not, therefore, be judged according to the standards of accuracy that we would apply to a history text today. Alongside the inevitable discrepancies contained in such a huge work largely composed from memory there are also claims and assertions that Casanova knew to be false, sacrificing fact for narrative interest or existential truth. There is considerable doubt, for example, over his account of a meeting with Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Nonetheless, despite this, Histoire de ma vie can still be regarded as a remarkably truthful and honest account of one man's life.
Now, old as I am, and although enjoying good digestive organs, I must have only one meal every day; but I find a set-off to that privation in my delightful sleep, and in the ease which I experience in writing down my thoughts without having recourse to paradox or sophism, which would be calculated to deceive myself even more than my readers, for I never could make up my mind to palm counterfeit coin upon them if I knew it to be such.
(Portrait of the 71-year-old Giacomo Casanova as painted by his brother, Francesco)
Note: Quotations from Casanova's memoirs are taken from the revised unabridged Arthur Machen English translation (Gutenberg project)
Dave Thompson (2017)
Pinterest Board: Histoire de ma Vie
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If we discover that you have used our copyright materials in contravention of the licence set out in our copyright notice, we may bring legal proceedings against you, seeking monetary damages and/or an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.Our full copyright notice can be found under 'contact' at the top of the page.

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text:
A gift from small-town Iowa brings light to Paraguay's capital
Ottumwa, Iowa's centenarian B'nai Jacob synagogue held its final service in May — but the congregation's story lives on in the heart of South America through one of its Torahs, the sacred Jewish text.
Does Israel recognize Ivanka Trump's Jewishness? It does now.
The Israeli press was raising questions about Ivanka Trump's conversion to Judaism. Then, after the US election, Israel's rabbinical authorities changed the rules.
My sins are cleared for the year, but the chicken wasn't so lucky
This is a personal tale of atonement and chickens: Sarah Birnbaum and her mom went to Brooklyn to take part in a Jewish ritual called Kaparot.
Shimon Peres wanted Israelis to be organ donors — like him
Israel has one of the lowest rates of organ donation in the developed world. But advocates hope that religious and political leaders like the late Shimon Peres can help persuade Israeli Jews to sign up.
Why Ukraine's newest Holocaust memorial is so important
The Space of Synagogues memorial comes at a time when Ukraine attempts both to sort out its national identity and commemorate its Jewish past. Neither effort has been straightforward.
Two friends find common ground in a divided Holland
A sense of mutual distrust has descended upon Amsterdam's Muslim and Jewish communities. Anti-Semitic attacks are on the rise and Jewish institutions are now guarded by police. Despite this, two activists — one Jewish, and one Muslim — have found common ground, and friendship, though not without personal cost.
Escalating Middle East violence helped along by social media
In the ongoing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, both sides use social media as armor — and ammo.
The best free concert in Jerusalem takes place on Yom Kippur
The Jerusalem Great Synagogue Choir is the only institutional synagogue choir in Israel. No other choir in the world is expected to do what this kind of choir does — to work all day on Yom Kippur without food or drink, and to uphold a central part of the European Jewish synagogue tradition going back to at least the 16th century.
Becoming Jewish at a Catholic university
Spirituality is a constant hum of white noise at Boston College, and I needed something to put there while everyone else was at 10:30 mass. What I found was Judaism.
A 'stimulating' film is causing a stir in Israel
Plenty of religions tell their members that masturbation is a sin, but few are willing to go to the lengths of ultra-Orthodox Jews to make sure the rule is followed. That struggle is the subject of a new documentary, "Sacred Sperm," from an ultra-Orthodox filmmaker who lives that temptation.
Egypt and the Palestinians
For years the Arab world was inspired by scenes of the Palestinian intifada. But now many in the West Bank say it's unlikely that Palestinians will be inspired to protest by the waves of unrest sweeping the Arab world. Daniel Estrin reports from Ramalla
Israel Eyes Events in Egypt Closely
For reactions from Israel, we hear from Barak Ravid, diplomatic correspondent for Haaretz newspaper, and Ethan Bronner, Jerusalem bureau chief for The New York Times.
Palestinians seek Israeli citizenship
Many Palestinians are not hopeful about the prospects for peace and an independent Palestinian state. So as Daniel Estrin reports, a growing number of Palestinans is requesting Israeli citizenship.
West Bank 'Day of Rage'
The World's Matthew Bell reports on today's cancelled "Day of Rage" in the West Bank. The protests were called off over concern that popular anger could instead turn against Palestinian officials themselves.
We were looking for Jamaica's largest city -- which also has the distinction of being the largest English-speaking city in the Americas south of the United States. The answer is Kingston. The World's Marco Werman tells about the recent restoration of an old Jewish cemetery in Kingston.
Geo answer
The answer is Krakow, Poland. Anchor Marco Werman speaks with the BBC's Adam Easton about Krakow's brand new Jewish cultural center. It's part of a renewed interest in Poland's Jewish communities, which were decimated by the Nazis during World War Two.
''The Girl From Foreign''
Anchor Marco Werman speaks to Sadia Shepard about her new memoir, "The Girl from Foreign." Shepard's book is about her quest to learn more about her family's eclectic religious history.
Struggle for holy site
Linda Gradstein reports on the latest clash between Israelis and Palestinians over Jerusalem's Temple Mount, known to Muslims as the al-Aqsa Mosque.
Ukrainian roots of Jewish humor
Modern Jewish New York humor has its roots in Eastern Europe. It's said if you want to go to where funny was born, go to Odessa, the Ukrainian city on the Black Sea. That's what The World's Jason Margolis did recently.
A Jewish musical renaissance is taking place in Moscow. Reporter Daniel Rosenberg tells us about two musicians who perform Yiddish music in the Russian capital.


text:
Q: Adjective noun phrase We have accepted adjective-noun phrases in English, such as "small talk" and "big business."  I ran across this sentence in a local paper last week:
Johnson said,"There's a lot more hope.  And there's a lot more less uncertainty."
It seems the speaker was trying to create a new adjective-noun phrase here by saying "more less uncertainty," with "less uncertainty" being his new adjective-noun phrase.
Is there a grammatical name for accepted adjective-noun phrases in English?
Thanks.
Addition--
I think I was imprecise when I used the word "accepted" in conjunction with noun-adjective phrases. I meant to say something like "standardized" or "idiomatic," like "boom town" or "dirty business," that is, adjective-noun phrases that most native speakers understand as having a shared meaning among users of English.
I certainly agree that litotes can take the form of adjective-noun understatement, but I'm still wondering if there is a grammatical name for an adjective-noun pair when the combination has a set, understood meaning, like "big ask" (which seems to have an understood meaning in the private equity and capital markets in the US).

A: I am no native speaker but I don't see that as an approach to establish a new phrase and neither as a adjective-noun phrase. Instead the "more less" paradox is the unusual part of the sentence and therefore the construction to focus on (with more used as an adverb to describe the increased form of less). [I really hope it is an adverb, it would be in German.]
This could be either an accident (by Johnson OR the writer of the article) or meant as a word play by phrasing two opposing developments (increasing and decreasing) both the same way (as something increasing and the other thing increasing its decrease).
I don't know why he didn't say "more little" instead of "more less", with less already being the (grammatically) increased form of little. Maybe he wanted to emphasize the joke, while "more little hope" could have the bad connotation of more hope, but but still being only little.
However, I don't have the name for naturalized adjective-noun expressions.

A:
We have accepted adjective-noun phrases in English, such as "small talk" and "big business."

The purpose of an adjective is to qualify a noun. All adjective + noun phrases are acceptable and always have been. Not all make sense, but nevertheless, they are acceptable.

Johnson said,"There's a lot more hope. And there's a lot more less uncertainty."

I would call "less uncertainty" a noun phrase. Noun phrases are "acceptable": they can be coined at will.
Less uncertainty is an example (not particularly idiomatic) of litotes a rhetorical figure of speech in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary; an instance of this. Examples of litotes are: 'A citizen of no mean city'; 'When no small tempest lay on us.'

A:
And there's a lot more less uncertainty.

It's not standard English, and not an idiomatic expression. It sounds like some politician trying to weasel-word their statement to sound more positive when the actual prospect is quite bleak.
The last time I heard this phraseology used convincingly was :
"Less is More"

Used to express the view that a minimalist approach to artistic or aesthetic matters is more effective.

Johnson seems to be stringing words together in an effort  to take advantage of associations...

A: I think it may be an editing mistake. It could be a) a failed attempt to introduce the term 'more or less' or 2) a change of wording to include the word 'uncertainty' without correcting the preceding words i.e., either the word 'more' or the word 'less'should have been removed before print. I'd go for removing the word 'more' because the first part of the sentence was positive, while uncertain could be negative! Maybe more hope = less uncertainty

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You are here: Home / Plants / 3 Pokeweed Look-Alikes
3 Pokeweed Look-Alikes
Added: May 17, 2022 Updated: May 17, 2022
Did you find a plant that looks like pokeweed and you want to ensure you identify it correctly? Here's how to recognize pokeweed and several of its look-alikes.
Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana) is a perennial plant in the family Phytolaccaceae (commonly known as the pokeweed family), genus Phytolacca. Other common names of this plant include American pokeweed, dragonberries, pokeberry, inkberry, poke root, pigeonberry, poke sallet, etc.
Phytolacca americana is native to several regions of North America and naturalized in parts of Europe and Asia. It is frequently found growing in fields and pastures, forest edges, roadsides, wastelands, forest openings, and disturbed soils.
Pokeweed is poisonous to humans and livestock. All plant parts, especially the roots, contain potent toxins that can be fatal if ingested in large amounts. The plant gets more poisonous when aging as the toxins concentration increase.
Although its fruits are poisonous as well, there are several species of wild birds that consume them. Birds also help with the dispersal of the seeds and propagation of this plant.
Many farmers regard pokeweed as a pest species due to its toxic nature and the threat this plant poses to livestock.
How To Identify Pokeweed
Pokeweed is not very hard to identify if you know the particularities of this plant and especially when the plant is mature and has fruits. However, there are several plant species that look similar to pokeweed and can easily be mistaken.
Phytolacca Americana is a large upright plant that grows 4 to 10 feet (1.2-3 m) and can either grow isolated or form bushes.
New plants typically emerge from mid-spring to early summer from the seeds. The leaves of the seedlings may have a reddish underside.
Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana) – Jakec, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Pokeweed has a large white taproot and thick, smooth, reddish-purple branched stems.
Its leaves are simple, green, large, elliptical, connect to the stems via long petioles, are alternately arranged along the stem, and their size decreases toward the top of the plant.
The leaves also have a strong unpleasant odor when crushed. Yet, it would be best if you do not try doing this in your attempt to identify pokeweed as the leaves are also poisonous, and if the toxins reach your skin or eye it may cause serious problems.
Pokeweed produces clusters of tiny white, greenish, pinkish, or purplish flowers with five sepals each and no petals.
Its fruits are purple-black berries which grow in clusters and look similar to grapes. These are green before ripening and later get a blue-to-black or dark purple color.
The fruits are inedible and poisonous to humans and many species of animals.
Although pokeweed is pretty easy to identify, especially when the plant is mature and produces fruits, there are several other plants that look similar and which may be easily mistaken with it.
Here are several pokeweed look-alikes:
1. Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra)
Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra) – AnRo0002, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), commonly known as elderberry, elder, black elder, European elderberry, and several other names, is a deciduous shrub in the family Adoxaceae, genus Sambucus. It is native to most parts of Europe, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa.
Sambucus nigra grows as a small tree. It doesn't usually reach more than 20 ft (6m), but in rare cases, it can grow close to 33 ft (10m).
Elderberry grows best in sunny places and accepts a wide range of soils. It is frequently grown as an ornamental shrub but is also found growing on roadsides and woods.
The bark of elderberry is gray and deeply furrowed. The young stems are green and hollow.
The leaves are green, compound pinnate, with 5 to 9 leaflets, have serrated margins, and grow in opposite pairs. Similar to pokeweed, the leaves of elderberry have an unpleasant scent when crushed.
Elderberry produces clusters of tiny white flowers, which later produce the fruits.
The fruits are dark purple and grow in drooping clusters. These look somehow similar to the fruits produced by pokeweed.
Unripe berries, seeds, and all the green plant parts are poisonous to humans and animals. However, the fruits become edible after ripening and when cooked.
Elderberry may be mistaken with pokeweed when the plant is young or when bearing fruits.
2. Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida)
Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida) – Qwert1234, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) is an annual plant native to North America and introduced to Europe and Asia. Some of its other common names include great ragweed, tall ragweed, horseweed, Texan great ragweed, and buffaloweed.
Ambrosia trifida is generally considered an invasive species and a noxious weed. It is very adaptive to environmental conditions and can easily outcompete the native plants and field crops for light. Its pollen also triggers allergies to many people.
Giant ragweed frequently grows in disturbed soils, in cultivated fields, pastures, or on the roadsides. It is frequently found growing in groups, similar to pokeweed, and it is sometimes misidentified with it.
This plant doesn't normally exceed 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, but in the proper soils, it can even reach 20 ft (6 m).
The stems of the plants are though, with woody bases and can be branched or unbranched.
The leaves of giant ragweed are large, rough in texture, green, with 3 to 5 lobes, and many times with toothed margins. They are oppositely arranged and connect to the stems via long petioles.
The giant ragweed produces spike-like clusters of small yellowish-green flowers at the tip of the central stem and branches.
3. Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria Japonica)
Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria Japonica) – Olivier Pichard, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) is a perennial plant in the family Polygonaceae, genus Reynoutria. It is native to Asia and introduced to many countries of the world. Two of the most common names for this plant include Japanese knotweed and Asian knotweed.
Japanese knotweed forms large clumps of plants and is regarded as an aggressive invasive species in multiple countries.
The plant has upright light green or reddish-brown hollow stems with numerous nodes, similar to bamboo.
The new leaves are dark red and become green with time. The older leaves are wide, largely oval with a sharp tip and a flat base. They grow alternately on the stem, in a zigzag pattern.
In late summer and early fall, reynoutria japonica produces small cream or white flowers in vertical clusters (racemes).
Japanese knotweed may be sometimes mistaken for pokeweed due to its similar way of growing in bushes and when in the blooming period.
Pokeweed is a common weed found in numerous regions of the world. It is generally considered a problematic weed as it is toxic to humans and livestock and can contaminate agricultural produce.
Although it has some distinctive characteristics and is not a very challenging plant to identify in general, there are still other species of plants that resemble pokeweed in some of their growth stages and can be easily confused with it.
We have included in this article several plants that can be misidentified with pokeweed. The next time you stumble upon this plant or one of the look-alikes, you should be able to correctly and quickly identify it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytolacca_americana
https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/phytolacca_americana.shtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynoutria_japonica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosia_trifida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_nigra
Category: Plants look alikes plant identification pokeweed weeds
2 Common Purslane Look-Alikes
10 Tall Weeds With Thick Stalks That Might Invade Your Garden
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3 Creeping Charlie Look-Alikes
About Robert Miller
Robert is passionate about landscaping, gardening, and growing his own plants and vegetables.


to for inspiration or just to read through.
more. If you'd like to read more of what she writes, click here to go to her page.
earlier instead of writing, but I hope you still enjoyed it.
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text:
Římskokatolická farnost Hlinsko je územní společenství římských katolíků s farním kostelem svatého Bartoloměje v děkanátu Hranice.

Historie farnosti
První písemná zmínka o obci pochází z roku 1304 a týká se farního patronátu. V době předbělohorské byla farnost luterská; působil v ní mimo jiné farář a spisovatel Daniel Johannides Skočovský. Roku 1622 byla převzata katolíky a afilovala s farností lipnickou.

Duchovní správci
Současným administrátorem excurrendo je od července 2014 R. D. Mgr. Stanislav Suchánek.

Bohoslužby

Aktivity ve farnosti
Pro farnosti Lipník nad Bečvou, Hlinsko a Týn nad Bečvou vycházejí sedmkrát ročně Farní listy. Ve farnosti je zřízena pastorační rada.

Ve farnosti se pravidelně̟ koná tříkrálová sbírka. V roce 2017 se v Hlinsku vybralo více než deset tisíc korun.

Reference

Externí odkazy
 Farnost na stránkách olomoucké arcidiecéze
 Webové stránky farnosti Lipník nad Bečvou

Hlinsko
Hlinsko (okres Přerov)
Lhota (okres Přerov)
Kladníky
Organizace v okrese Přerov

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This effectively sums up Céline Gormally's philosophy when it comes to her small estate in the small town of Passenans, to the southwest of Arbois. She and her husband, Steve, began acquiring parcels in 2008, when they received 1.44ha in the Les Combes vineyard from La Foncière Terre de Liens, a group that promotes organic agriculture all across France (more information on that is available here: www.terredeliens.org/la-fonciere). At the time, Céline was working with other estates in tandem with her fledgling operation, and it wasn't until 2010 with the purchase of a few more parcels in Passenans and the nearby commune of Frontenay that they reached their current size of nearly 4ha and committed full-time to their own vines.
Biodynamic treatments made by Céline and Steve are used regularly in the vines, and they are certified organic. All vineyard work is done by hand or with a small tractor, and they are in the process of training their mare, Octavia, to do the tillage as to cut back their need for all machinery. Soils are rocky, rich in marl, with a deep limestone base that lends intense minerality to their wines.
Les Combes is a parcel that was planted in Passenans in the 1950s. Chardonnay, Savagnin, Trousseau, Pinot Noir, and Poulsard are grown here.
En Rollion is a small parcel, about .2ha, also in Passenans, planted to Trousseau, Pinot Noir, and Gamay.
En Rolion (yes, there is a difference) is one of their newer parcels in Frontenay which is only planted to Savagnin and Chardonnay.
Les Boutonniers is about 2ha, with Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vines dating back to the 1950s.
The big focus here is on terroir, so winemaking is incredibly straightforward to let the individual parcels truly express themselves. All wines are fermented with native yeasts and aged in neutral barriques, with very little sulfur added, if any.
Tout Pete: A zippy, fresh pét nat made from Savagnin from a small parcel of vines at the bottom of the hill of Château-Chalon. It's literally the first parcel outside of the AOC without actually getting it.
Les Combes: Super bright and airy Chardonnay.
Les Boutonnieres: Forward, dense, and woolly Chardonnay.
En Novelin: Young-vine Chardonnay, very lean and mineral.
Arco: Crystalline and mineral Savagnin.
En Rolion: Also Savagnin, but with more density than Arco.
Croix Serrant: Much more intense and electric Savagnin.
La Cabane: Vivid and bright Pinot Noir.
En Rollion: Trousseau, more serious and structured.


text:
Politicsby Fern Shen7:38 amDec 16, 20190
"I was successful at what I did, even though that mistake happened"
Disgraced nine years ago and narrowly defeated in 2016, former Baltimore Mayor Sheila Dixon sees a path back to City Hall
Above: Supporters with Sheila Dixon after her 2020 mayoral campaign announcement. (Fern Shen)
Is Baltimore going to elect a former mayor found guilty of embezzlement (Sheila Dixon) just months after another mayor (Catherine Pugh) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and tax evasion?
If there are enough voters like Dollie Truesdale, the answer would be yes.
Seated prominently near the podium as Dixon announced her 2020 mayoral campaign Saturday, Truesdale explained to The Brew how she sat through every day of Dixon's 2009 corruption trial, then accompanied her to Our Daily Bread and My Sister's Place for her court-ordered community service.
"I stuck with her every day," said Truesdale, owner of God's Little Cherubs daycare in Northwest Baltimore.
Why, she was asked, should voters return someone to City Hall who committed a crime the last time she was there?
Truesdale replied with a version of what Dixon had just told the gaggle of media and supporters: "Sheila has learned from her mistakes."
Noting that "we've got the crime rate, the grime rate, all of the things that happened in this city," she said Baltimore needs someone "who can lead the city forward."
Then without prompting, she added, "I will say that Sheila has to have boundaries."
"Redemption makes you even stronger," Sheila Dixon said at her the kick-off of her latest campaign to recapture her former job. (Fern Shen)
Fewer Homicides
There was little talk of boundaries at Dixon's announcement. The candidate spoke, instead, of the limitless possibilities for progress if Baltimore would return her to office.
"I was successful at what I did ," said Dixon, who pointed out that during her three years in office (January 2007 – February 2010), the annual number of homicides dropped from 282 to 238.
"And even though that mistake happened, it doesn't define me, and I know that we could get out of what we're in now," she said. "And I know if I begin to get back involved in the process of reducing crime and working on so many basic fundamental areas, that we can."
Dixon held her event in the heart of her West Baltimore turf, at Arthur "Squeaky" Kirk's community center, a haven for city Democrats who have strayed outside the party mainstream in the past and even flirted with Republicans.
Wearing a jacket in her campaign's signature red, the 65-year-old Dixon shouted out thanks to longtime supporters, including media figures Hassan Giordano and Doni Glover and local contractors like George Mahoney, of Monumental Paving & Excavating, and P&J Contracting, a demolition company.
Supporters mix with TV cameras at Dixon's campaign announcement on Saturday. (Fern Shen)
She recalled how she has been pressed to get into the race at the supermarket and in the elevator "when peoples come to me [and say], 'Are you gonna run? Are you gonna run?'"
She said she figured out how to respond to those encouraging her after consulting with her family and conducting a poll ("yes, I have my base, but there is a path").
"After many months of prayers and many considerations, the answer is a surrounding yes!" she said.
Donating Gifts
As a crowd of about 75 cheered, Dixon noted that a staffer was available to sign people up as volunteers. She promised to return to the rec center next Saturday to participate in its annual Christmas toy and clothing giveaway.
Piled up on tables in the room underneath "Sheila Dixon for Mayor" signs were dolls, scooters, gloves, hats, socks, Batman toys, board games and other items. Outside, a pink food truck dispensed doughnuts and hot cocoa.
The event was billed as a "Cocoa, Coffee and Winter Clothing Drive" and guests were asked to bring donations.
A volunteer explained they would be given away to anyone who showed up at next Saturday's event. Then he joked to a reporter, "I'm going to pile them in my car and sell them on the street."
Toys donated by supporters at Sheila Dixon's campaign announcement are to be given away to children next week. (Fern Shen)
Showered with Developer's Gifts
Never spelled out at Saturday's kickoff was the crime that brought Dixon down a decade ago.
After her trial in 2009, a jury found Dixon guilty of taking gift cards intended for poor children. Prosecutors showed that she solicited the gift cards from a wealthy developer and used them to buy electronics at Best Buy, clothes at Old Navy and other items at Target.
Dixon also faced a separate trial for perjury charges.
Prosecutors said she failed to disclose presents from her former boyfriend, another developer named Ronald H. Lipscomb, in 2003 and 2004 when she was the president of the City Council. The gifts included furs and shopping spree trips to Chicago, New York and Colorado.
In one case, Dixon and Lipscomb left for New York City by train just hours after she voted to approve a $13.6 million tax break for his Harbor East apartment project.
"I am sorry for the mistakes I made that brought my term to an end," she said on Saturday, vowing to "work three times as hard" because of them.
Asked what those mistakes were – how she would characterize what she did wrong – her answer was brief: "Failing to disclose a personal relationship."
A Crowded Field
How Dixon's chances stand depends on how one views what has happened since she left office.
Barred for a time from elective office, Dixon ran in the 2016 Democratic primary, losing narrowly to Pugh, in a race she contends the former state senator "stole" from her.
Pugh then faced her own corruption revelations centered around a self-published children's book scheme in which individuals and companies paid her hundreds of thousand of dollars that she used on her 2016 political campaign, a house purchase and other spending.
The 2020 mayor's race includes Bernard C. "Jack" Young, the City Council president who automatically ascended to the mayor's office after Pugh resigned last May.
Others who have announced plans to run for mayor are City Council President Brandon Scott, former State Deputy Attorney General Thiru Vignarajah, state Senator Mary Washington, former police spokesman T.J. Smith and others.
If that group splits the vote in the April 28, 2020 primary (the only election that counts in heavily Democratic Baltimore), thereby allowing Dixon to win, Kevin O'Keeffe thinks that would be just fine.
"City government functioned better under her. I feel like she could manage the city and bring the crime down, she knows how it works, she knows the players," the Baltimore attorney said on Saturday. "She generates a good feeling to a diverse community. People feel a connection to her."
Asked about Dixon's corruption trial and resignation, O'Keeffe winced and said, "What other choices do we have? This is not the time for on-the-job training."
PoliticsJan 21, 2020
Tough questions few and fleeting at 7th Congressional District debate
Baltimore event gives Mfume, Rockeymoore Cummings and other candidates a chance to tell their stories and share their views.
PoliticsDec 17, 2019
Residency questions raised about City Council candidate Rita Church
For reasons that aren't clear, the address listed on the state elections site isn't in the district where Church is running. The city elections chief says that's okay.


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Fiery Beards
What I learned (?) one the History (Hilarity) Channel today
By Doug Lester,
May 4, 2012 in Fiery Beards
Freya W. Ward
Location:North Carolina
Interests:Bladesmithing. Leatherworking. Carpentry. Reading and writing fantasy stories. Drawing. Historical re-enactments. Music, mainly death and black metal.
Oh absolutely. Viking age swords were by and large made from terrible materials. But I remember seeing somewhere on the history channel that claimed outright the vikings had virtually no technology and virtually no trade lines. My point was, the history channel skews facts so far from the truth as to be more comedic and slanderous in value. I saw that exact same special where they spoke of the Katana's "magical" characteristics and rolled my eyes so hard I nearly went blind. And at the same time, the facts they do get close to correct are often so far exaggerated that they're of no real worth either.
Darkfire Forge
Doug Lester 18 posts
Eric Leonard 4 posts
Freya W. Ward 4 posts
B Finnigan 2 posts
Mark Green
Interests:Knight, and Laurel of the SCA, Making Tsuba, learning to make, and forge iron/steel. History, Shooting, learning new stuff.
Happy Holidays Gang, If it is that time for you.
Gee, I heard lately, that Vikings were making swords from Crucible steel.
That would put them way up there in the high tec department of weapon makers.
Of course, they used the regular stuff too.
If you watching the History channel, or TLC, and any of them, for any kind of education. Why?
My favorite is Deadliest Warrior. Sad! Some of the weapons testing looks like fun.
I have a way? Is that better then a plan?
(cptn. Mal)
Bill Hoffman
Location:Coventry, CT
Interests:Knives, woodworking, making tools, tractors. I'm just an old gear head.
Boy, I'm glad Rick Furrer didn't know this. He and Kevin would have a
hard time explaining what they did.
Yeah, I saw Ric's segment on Ulfberht (did I spell that right?) Incredible stuff, I was blown away by what he did with that puck. Rest of the documentary bugged me with the poorly choreographed fight scenes though
There has been a dispute on this board and others as to whether or not the Ulfberht swords were quench hardened or not. I know from the production that Ric thinks that they were but even in the production, which was a Nation Geographic presentation, noted that it was in dispute. I would like hear more from Ric as to why he thought that they were. Most of what I have read said that they weren't but people have different ideas. Heck I once saw two different shows on PBS about William Shakespeare. One said that he was basically illiterate and could barely sign his own name. About a month later there was another show the showed where he went to school, yes it was still standing after all these years, and showed entries made by him in official records.
With 12-21-12 come and gone the History channel has lost half of it's programming. All their doomsday, end of the world apocalypse yada yada shows are now in the comedy classification. Their "experts" are now just smoke blowers quietly digging up something else to sensationalize.
This guy is probably now in a psych ward quietly chewing on a plastic fork and mumbling to himself "They're still coming for us, you gotta believe me".
Why is it that they always seem to feature these space alien believers with a hair style that looks like a fire cracker went off in a horse hair cushion? Are they trying to make them look as crazy as their ideas or is that just how they come?
Last night while thinking about the Ulberht again, I had an epiphany. I'm sure the people who know more about this time period than I do has already thought of this. When the Vikings acquired the billets of crucible steel from the cultures that had known how to make it for as long as they did, might they not have also learned how to heat treat the blades made from it? It's certainly a novel idea. Was it discussed in the documentary at all? I couldn't find if Ric made a thread about the blade.
The problem with that theory is that there is no evidence, at least that I have come across, that blades from these steels were deliberately quench hardened and I have read more than one reference that said that it didn't happen in that time in Europe. They were hardened by having their edges hammered. The same way that bronze swords had their edges hardened. High carbon crucible steel swords would still have been superior to swords made from the average bloomery steel. For one, steel gets harder, even in the pearletic state, from an increased carbon content up to around 0.8%. That's why railroad rails are, or at least were, from something on the order of 1080. Also being from an actual melt the crucible steel would be homogeneous rather than a mixture of steel particles from a bloom that were forge welded together. The Ulberht swords were superior weapons for their time but they are inferior to to blades that were made after quench hardening and tempering were understood and definitely inferior to swords made of proper modern steels.
ZebDeming
Location:Michigan
I agree with you on that Doug, The modern steels are the way they are because of all the failings of previous metals, but they ain't as pretty
As far as hardening evidence, take a look at these two links to pics. They were posted in the iron smelters group on facebook from a fellow named Adrian Wrona, they are of a 7th century seax that was polished similar to how japanese swords are. You can definatly see what appears to be a hamon.
http://i260.photobucket.com/albums/ii13/joneleth22/seax2.png
http://i260.photobucket.com/albums/ii13/joneleth22/sax-1.png
Now the blade is made from bloomery material and not crucible steel, but I'm sure that quench hardening steel was known in that time period, just my humble opinion.
I see what could be a hamon. To prove quench hardening a microscopic examination would have to be made to verify the presence of martensite in a significant enough amount to give a hardened edge. Also it would be nice to know the carbon content of the blade featured. There are some blades from that that have been microscopically analysed and some martensite has been noticed but not with enough regularity to suggest that it was done to do anything more than to cool the blade. Iron and Steel in Ancient Times by Buchwald states that there has been no evidence found of steel blades being tempered. This would also speak against blades being deliberately quench hardened. If there are any documented instances of hardening and tempering being found in swords or knives from this period I would like to be directed to it. So far the most authoritative evidence that I have come across is that it wasn't known. The big problem with this question lies with needing to cut sections from blades such as you posted. Another problem is with swords that were part of a cremation burial and have had their crystaline structure changed by the burial fire.
"The big problem with this question lies with needing to cut sections from blades such as you posted. Another problem is with swords that were part of a cremation burial and have had their crystaline structure changed by the burial fire."
Very true. Time has a way of either washing away evidence or making said evidence too valuable to examine properly.
Jeff Pringle
Location:Oakland, CA
There IS evidence that hardening of steel was discovered in the Roman/Celtic iron age, and used throughout the Migration and Viking periods, I'll dig up some references for you.
Jomsvikingar Raða Ja!
http://vikingswordsmith.com
Luke Shearer
Interests:swordsmithing, Celtic and Norse culture, history, philosophy, running, bush craft, logic, chess,etc.
There is mention in Beowulf of Unferth's sword, Hrunting, being "tempered in blood", according to Seamus Heaney's translation, which I take to mean quench hardened...Perhaps it wasnt always used, but this seems to indicate that it was known in the Viking Age.
"Then something Tookish woke up inside him, and he wished to go and see the great mountains, and hear the pine-trees and the waterfalls, and explore the caves, and wear a sword instead of a walking-stick."
I'e love the reference if you can find it, Jeff. It's one of the biggest questions that I have. I think that part of the problem is that when people made a discovery, like quench hardening and tempering, they tended to keep it to themselves. That would seem to promote a system where things were discovered, lost, then discovered again.
It could be the problem is more that there are only a few archaeologists who are interested in metallurgy to the degree that will result in published articles on the state of heat treatment of artifacts. Combine that with cultural propensities for cremation burials and you get very little to go on. Buchwald's book is great, but he is clearly more interested in chemical analysis of slag than the details of the metal structure.
Radomir Pleiner's book Iron in Archaeology - Early European Blacksmiths (ISBN-13: 978-80-86124-62-9 ) cites many artifacts, knives, axes and a sword or two that he discovered were heat treated, from all over Europe and from the Celtic through the Viking periods.
B. A. Kolcin (Ferrous metallurgy and metalworking in ancient Russia (pre-Mongol period). / / MIA. № 32. 1953. Number 32. 1953) analyzed 12 Viking-age swords ( and many, many other tools and weapons), nine of which retained evidence of heat treating.
BERGMAN, LENA THÅLIN "Excavations at Helgö XV. Weapon Investigations " has evidence that many spears were heat treated.
Usually, and especially by the Viking age, when they look for evidence of heat treating, they find it.
peter johnsson
Location:Uppsala, Sweden
Then there is the fact that part of the restoration of finds to prevent further rusting could include heating to dull red. I do not know to how recently this used to be practiced but it was not uncommon in the 19th C and well into the 20th C. This of course means that any trace of heat treating may be lost. Sometimes there is no records from restorations kept, so it is unknowable wether the structure we see today is the original one or a result of recent "tempering" or tampering.
Oh goodie, more books that I'm going to have to search for. Maybe I can put off the new roof a little longer.
In addition to the books Jeff mentions above, I just got hold of one I've been wanting for years now:
Tylecote, R.F and B.J.J. Gilmour
1986 The Metallography of early Ferrous Tools and Edged Weapons. BAR British Series 155, Oxford.
They took several tools ranging in age from late Celtic iron age through the Roman period and well into the Medieval period, took cross-sections of the blades, then polished and etched them to show microstructure (metallography, duh! ).
They found two pre-Roman Celtic blades that showed evidence of quench hardening, but the oft-quoted date of ca. 200-400 AD for consistant use of quench hardening seems to be fairly true in Britain, anyway. Oh, and ALL the Viking period swords and seaxes tested showed evidence of quench hardening. Not necessarily well done or successful quench hardening, mind you, but at least the attempt was made. Microscopic analysis seems to show that sometimes the smith did not get it hot enough, sometimes didn't quench long enough or fast enough, and sometimes just didn't have enough carbon to harden much to begin with.
Since I just got it I can't say much more than that, but I can say that anyone who claims there's no evidence of deliberate quench hardening in the Viking age simply has not looked for the evidence.
J.Arthur Loose
Location:Vermonty
Interests:Damascus Blades, the Dark Ages, Dark Beer, Dark Forests, Irish Banjo-Bouzouki-Mandola, History, Mythology, Decentralization, Bioregionalism, Heathenry, Beekeeping, Brewing, Motorcycling.
Yes, Alan, I was going to go back through my copy, so thanks!
There are mentions in the Sagas of a couple things of note- One, a mention of a poor sword that needed to be restraightened now and then, and Two, a mention of a sword so fine you could bend it around to the hilt and it would spring back to true. I'd say that indicates common cultural awareness of the effects of good heat-treating.
jloose.com
owen bush
Location:London England
Interests:Profesional smith ,More and more I am interested in the history of out craft ,It just drags me back .
I have been lucky enough to see electromicrographs from the british museum from sectioned saxon patternwelded swords and there was defiantly tempered martensite in the steel at the edges as well as phosphoric iron .
the problem with relying on archaeological information is that they are seldom interested in what we are and also its such a self referential field meaning that misinformation can keep on being dragged to the front despite advances in knowledge.
forging soul in to steel
owenbush.co.uk
Thank you very much, Alan. Just the info that I was looking for, which seems like it's about as rare as hen's teeth. The only book that I was able to find on early European steel, and that after paying a book finder to search for it, said no evidence of deliberate quench hardening and tempering up through the Viking period in Europe. I also had a book that lists the results of knives and shears found in medieval dumps up to the 13th century. Their results showed a mixed bag of quench hardened and non quench hardened cutting tools. I know this is hotly debated, at least in some circles, at least now I have a little more documented evidence. It's a bummer that most of the publications that we need are out of print.
Karter Schuster
I know this is an old topic, but in my last semester of college I had some guy ( a teacher , sadly.)tell me that the incident with Pompeii was an ancient nuclear explosion. Oh boy did that get me going.
1. There wasn't the knowledge of radioactive materials/ harmful metals. For Pete's sake they were sweetening wine with lead (Ceasars impotence)!
2. A nuclear explosion would have left no bodies(casts in ash), as it would have vaporized them instantly.
3.The covering element was obviously volcanic ash.
4.Aliens did not bring the secrets of nuclear bombs to the Romans(oh God! what would have come out of that )
5.There's a goddamned volcano next to the place!
6. we would have noticed radioactive remnants.
7.He watched it on the HISTORY CHANNEL!
People these days
And I bet the presenter had hair that stood up on end like Einstein on a bad hair day.
Jeremy Hart
Location:Western Michigan
I saw the katana/billowing silk cape episode on the TV in my physical therapists office in the waiting room. I think I made one of the other patients nervous as I kept laughing and shaking my head... Couldn't help it.
"Men are haunted by the vastness of eternity. And so we ask ourselves: will our actions echo across the centuries? Will strangers hear our names long after we are gone, and wonder who we were, how bravely we fought, how fiercely we loved? " - Odysseus, 'Troy'


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Eid-el-Fitr Message by Dr. Abiso Kabir, North East Coordinator of Buhari Campaign organisation
It is my very warm pleasure to fecilitate with Muslim brothers and sisters on the occasion of eid il fitr. The occasion affords me the opportunity to extend my heartfelt and profound warm wishes to good people of Borno state and Nigeria at large. As we embark on this solemn festivity, I congratulate all of you.
However, the lessons of peaceful coexistence, gratitude and benevolence, which we have been taught in the month of Ramadan must remain with us all through our lives. The virtues of Islam are grounded in love for our fellow beings and living in peace with all our neighbors. Allah (SAW) in his infinite wisdom created us differently and knows why.
Therefore, we should rededicate ourselves to upholding the injunctions of the Holy Quran in our personal life and in our relationships with others.
No nation has ever witnessed development in an atmosphere of rancour, acrimony, disunity and war. I therefore call on all Nigerians in general to shun all forms of rumour peddlings as it will certainly breach the prevailing peace. Have faith in the administration of president Mohammed Buhari. So far in the history of Nigeria, this is the most transparent and accountable administration.
I also want to use this medium to thank president Mohammed Buhari for the historic and innovative milestone launching of the anchor borrowers scheme, under the supervision of Wal wanne and Sons ltd Which helps in the mobilisation of 18000 farmers in Borno state and consequently 33000 bags of paddy rice were harvested.Mr President must be commended for the passion he has shown for agriculture in the north east. We must commend him for considering agriculture as business for farmers and source of revenue generation for the country, his three years of administration has been a blessing to the north east,a lot of positive achievement has been recorded such as the continued degradation of the Boko Haram insurgency across the North and localization of their activities to the fringes of the North-east,the rescue of over 100 Chibok girls, the 104 Dapchi girls,The rehabilitation of Internally Displaced Persons have been a good reasons why the north east much appreciate President Buhari and pray for the success of his administration.
This administration, without doubt, has positively moved the nation forward from the near comatose state it had met it three years ago, and with the support and prayers of all of us, Nigeria is sure to whether the storm sooner rather than later.
On behalf of the national chairman and entire members of Buhari campaign organisation north east and the good people of Borno state , I want to cease this opportunity to thank President Muhammadu Buhari for the commitment he has shown to the organisation and also
the developmental project north east has for achieved under his able and sincere leadership,
and also a sincere gratitude goes to my State governor,HE Kashim Shettima, the executive governor Borno state for the infrastructural, educational and so many developmental projects across the state. This is coming at a time when the state is trying to recover from destruction caused by insurgents. Even your foe will commend you for what is on ground in Borno state. Your legacies will forever be cherished.
Also, i want to use this opportunity to call on our youths to embrace agriculture because it is a veritable means of eradicating poverty and ending food insufficiency. If you develop keen interest in it, unemployment will reduced and wealth creation enhanced.
Finally, we need to cease this festive period to continue pray for peace to reign in Borno and the country at large.
Once again I fecilitate with everyone seeing the end of this edifying period and say eid Mubarak to you all.
Dr. Alhaji Abiso, CEO wal wanne and sons Ltd, north east coordinator Buhari campaign organisation.
Categories: Sponsored Post


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Ariana Grande Urged Scooter Braun To Sign Demi Lovato
Scooter Braun revealed it was Ariana Grande who pushed him to sign Demi Lovato.
The longtime manager, who also represents artists like Justin Bieber, Dan + Shay and Usher, opened up about his decision to represent the pop star as a new client last year during an interview with model Ashley Graham on her Pretty Big Deal podcast.
"I said I'll take the meeting, but I'm not going to do this we have too much going on. And I met her and I said, 'I have to do this. She's special. I want to do it,'" he explained. "I told her I need to speak to the two big solo females we represent because I want to make sure they are OK with this."
The two female artists he's referring to are Tori Kelly and the Thank U, Next hitmaker, who made it very clear she wanted Braun to sign the "Anyone" singer after meeting with her in person.
"Demi and Ariana went for coffee, and Ariana called me and said, 'You have to do this. I want her with us. She's in our family. She'll be protected, she's my friend. I want her with us. I want you to help her,'" he recalled. "And I just thought that was really, really cool and very different from what you expect in today's music industry."
Read More: Scooter Braun Reveals Ariana Grande Urged Him to Sign Demi Lovato | https://popcrush.com/scooter-braun-ariana-grande-demi-lovato/?utm_source=tsmclip&utm_medium=referral
GUYS!!!!!!! Dreams came true today for me. I officially have a NEW MANAGER!!! And not just any new manager but the one and only @scooterbraun!!!! Couldn't be happier, inspired and excited to begin this next chapter with you Scooter!!! Thank you for believing in me and for being apart of this new journey. Let's DO THIS!!!!!! □□□
A post shared by Demi Lovato (@ddlovato) on May 11, 2019 at 4:46pm PDT


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El Campeonato Canadiense de Rugby (; y ) es una competencia de rugby creada por Rugby Canada en el año 2009.

Participantes

BC Bears

Prairie Wolf Pack

Ontario Blues

The Rock

Campeonatos

Posiciones

Número de veces que los equipos ocuparon las primeras posiciones en todas las ediciones.

Véase también

 National Women's League
 Rugby Canada
 Selección de rugby de Canadá
 Selección de rugby 7 de Canadá
 Selección femenina de rugby de Canadá
 Selección femenina de rugby 7 del Canadá
 Selección juvenil de rugby de Canadá

Referencias

Rugby en Canadá
Competiciones de rugby de Canadá