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[[Image:Photios the Great.jpg|right|frame|St. Photius the Great]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Photius the Great''' (also ''Photios''; Greek Φωτιoς), [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[February 6]].
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Photius the Great''' (also ''Photios''; Greek Φώτιoς), [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[February 6]].
St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the [[Robber Council of 869-870]], but the [[Eighth Ecumenical Council]] (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his [[see]]. Although he was accused of causing the [[Filioque#The "Photian" Schism|"Photian" Schism]], he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch [[Ignatius I of Constantinople|Ignatius]], who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.
St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the [[Robber Council of 869-870]], but the [[Eighth Ecumenical Council]] (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his [[see]]. Although he was accused of causing the [[Filioque#The "Photian" Schism|"Photian" Schism]], he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch [[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius]], who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.
==Life==
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated [[icon]]s, but the current emperor was an [[iconoclast]] and thus was against the use of icons in the [[Church]]. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually [[martyr]]ed. Photius referred to [[Patriarch]] [[Tarasius of Constantinople|Tarasius]] as "uncle from his father's side,"{{ref|1}} and he was also related to [[Patriarch John VII of Constantinople|John VII Grammatikos]]. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and [[monasticism|monastic]] life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor [[Leo VI]] once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated [[icon]]s, but the current emperor was an [[iconoclast]] and thus was against the use of icons in the [[Church]]. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually [[martyr]]ed. Photius referred to [[Patriarch]] [[Tarasius of Constantinople|Tarasius]] as "uncle from his father's side,"{{ref|1}} and he was also related to [[John VII Grammaticus of Constantinople|John VII Grammaticus]]. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and [[monasticism|monastic]] life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor [[Leo VI]] once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.
As soon as he had completed his own education, Photius began to teach grammar, rhetoric, [[theology]], and [[philosophy]]. The way to public life was probably opened for him by (according to one account) the marriage of his brother Sergius to Irene, a sister of the Empress [[Theodora (9th century empress)|Theodora]], who upon the death of her husband [[Theophilus the Iconoclast|Theophilos]] in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire. Photius became a captain of the guard and subsequently chief imperial secretary (''prōtasēkrētis''). In 855, at thirty-five years of age, Photius was recognized for his political skills and made the ambassador to the Persian caliph in Baghdad with the charge to negotiate an end to Christian persecution in the Muslim territories.
==First patriarchate==
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor [[Michael III]], concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a [[laity|layperson]], was inducted into the [[priest]]hood and made a [[bishop]] within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor [[Michael III the Amorian|Michael III]], concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a [[laity|layperson]], was inducted into the [[priest]]hood and made a [[bishop]] within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.
Several months after his exile, a few Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to [[Pope]] [[Nicholas I of Rome|Nicholas]] trying to discrediting his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several [[monk]]s in this camp that set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.
Several months after his exile, a few of Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to [[Pope]] [[Nicholas I of Rome|Nicholas]] trying to discredit his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several [[monk]]s in this camp who set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.
Photius convened a council in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles (Constantinople)|Church of the Holy Apostles]] in 859. The intent was to stop the controversy about his appointment. This council found that Ignatius had not been elected by a [[synod]] and therefore his election to the patriarchate was illegal. He had been appointed by Empress Theodora. Unfortunately the Caesar Barda was vengeful against the opposition and imposed an exile on Ignatius to the island of [[Metropolis of Mytiline|Mytiline]] and persecuted some of his followers. Photius strongly objected to this action.
Pope Nicholas felt that the appointment needed the consent of Rome and objected to the fact that Photius was a layperson even though there was precedence for this in both the Western and Eastern churches. He also demanded that the Byzantines give back to Rome the territories of Calabria and Sicily.
In 861, with approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the [[canons]] and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.
In 861, with the approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the [[canons]] and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.
When the delegates returned to Rome and that Nicholas found that his demands for territorial rights were not considered, he became angry and excommunicated his delegates. He convened a council in Rome in 863 in which he deposed and excommunicated Photius on the basis that his appointment was uncanonical. He chose to recognize Ignatius as the legitimate patriarch.
When the delegates returned to Rome and Nicholas found that his demands for territorial rights were not considered, he became angry and excommunicated his delegates. He convened a council in Rome in 863 in which he deposed and excommunicated Photius on the basis that his appointment was uncanonical. He chose to recognize Ignatius as the legitimate patriarch.
The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the [[filioque]] clause to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of [[Papacy|papal]] authority over the entire Church and by disputed jurisdiction over newly converted [[Bulgaria]]. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.
The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the [[filioque]] clause to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of [[Papacy|papal]] authority over the entire Church and by the disputed jurisdiction over newly converted [[Bulgaria]]. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.
There were two emperors in the East at the time, Michael II and Basil I. Michael plotted to kill Basil, but Basil found out about the plot and murdered Michael. Photius refused to accept the murder of Michael and refused Basil [[communion]] on a great [[feast day]]. This angered Basil, so he had Photius imprisoned in a [[monastery]].
This state of affairs changed with the murder of Photius' patron Bardas in 866 and of the Emperor Michael in 867 by his colleague [[Basil I|Basil the Macedonian]], who now usurped the throne. Photius was deposed as [[patriarch]] not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor. Photius was removed from his office and banished around the end of September 867, and Ignatius was reinstated on [[November 23]]. During his second patriarchate, Ignatius followed a policy not very different from that of Photius. This perhaps helped improve relations between the two, and circa 876 Photius was suddenly recalled to Constantinople and entrusted with the education of the emperor's children, becoming an advisor to Ignatius. On the death of Ignatius in October 877, Photius, after the requisite show of reluctance, having been recommended by Ignatius prior to his death, was restored to the patriarchal throne.
==Second patriarchate==
Photius now obtained the formal recognition of the Christian world in a council convened at Constantinople in November 879. The legates of Pope [[John VIII of Rome|John VIII]] attended, prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch, a concession for which the pope was much censured by Latin opinion. The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the eastern and western Churches, the demanded apology to the pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over [[Bulgaria]], and the introduction of the ''[[filioque]]'' clause into the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. Eventually Photius refused to apologize or accept the ''filioque'', and the papal legates made do with his return of Bulgaria to Rome. This concession, however, was purely nominal, as Bulgaria's return to the [[Byzantine Rite]] in 870 had already made it an [[autocephalous]] church. Without the consent of Boris I of Bulgaria, the papacy was unable to enforce its claims.
During the altercations between Basil I and his heir Leo VI, Photius took the side of the emperor. Consequently, when Basil died in 886 and Leo became senior emperor, Photius was dismissed and banished, although he had been Leo's tutor. Photius was sent into exile to the [[monastery]] of Bordi in [[Armenia]]. From this time Photius disappears from history. No letters of this period of his life are extant. The precise date of his death is not known, but it is said to have occurred on [[February 6]], 893.
{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius I of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=858 – 861|
after=[[Ignatius I of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]}}
after=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]}}
title= Patriarch of Constantinople|
after=[[Stephen I of Constantinople|Stephen I]]}}
==Source==
*[[w:Patriarch_Photios_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=105866658|''Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople'' at Wikipedia]], retrieved on February 5, 2007
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm F. Dvornik: Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople]
*[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Photius_of_Constantinople The ''Bibliotheca'' or ''Myriobiblion''] by Photios of Constantinople
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100442 St. Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[OCA]])
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=527 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=527 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople]
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople] New Catholic Encyclopedia article by Fr. [[Francis Dvornik]]
*[[Wikipedia:Photius I of Constantinople|''Photius I of Constantinople'']] at Wikipedia
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm Photius of Constantinople] from the online [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Encyclopedia
*[http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20071109075648/http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]
[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:9th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category:9th-century saints]]
[[el:Φώτιος Α΄ ο Μέγας]]
[[ro:Fotie cel Mare]]
Latest revision as of 04:45, February 5, 2017
St. Photius the Great
Our father among the saints Photius the Great (also Photios; Greek Φώτιoς), Patriarch of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His feast day is celebrated on February 6.
St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the Robber Council of 869-870, but the Eighth Ecumenical Council (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his see. Although he was accused of causing the "Photian" Schism, he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch Ignatius, who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.
2 First patriarchate
3 Second patriarchate
4 Hymns
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated icons, but the current emperor was an iconoclast and thus was against the use of icons in the Church. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually martyred. Photius referred to Patriarch Tarasius as "uncle from his father's side,"1 and he was also related to John VII Grammaticus. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and monastic life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor Leo VI once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.
As soon as he had completed his own education, Photius began to teach grammar, rhetoric, theology, and philosophy. The way to public life was probably opened for him by (according to one account) the marriage of his brother Sergius to Irene, a sister of the Empress Theodora, who upon the death of her husband Theophilos in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire. Photius became a captain of the guard and subsequently chief imperial secretary (prōtasēkrētis). In 855, at thirty-five years of age, Photius was recognized for his political skills and made the ambassador to the Persian caliph in Baghdad with the charge to negotiate an end to Christian persecution in the Muslim territories.
First patriarchate
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor Michael III, concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a layperson, was inducted into the priesthood and made a bishop within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.
Several months after his exile, a few of Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to Pope Nicholas trying to discredit his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several monks in this camp who set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.
Photius convened a council in the Church of the Holy Apostles in 859. The intent was to stop the controversy about his appointment. This council found that Ignatius had not been elected by a synod and therefore his election to the patriarchate was illegal. He had been appointed by Empress Theodora. Unfortunately the Caesar Barda was vengeful against the opposition and imposed an exile on Ignatius to the island of Mytiline and persecuted some of his followers. Photius strongly objected to this action.
In 861, with the approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the canons and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the Seventh Ecumenical Council condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.
The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the filioque clause to the creed. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of papal authority over the entire Church and by the disputed jurisdiction over newly converted Bulgaria. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.
There were two emperors in the East at the time, Michael II and Basil I. Michael plotted to kill Basil, but Basil found out about the plot and murdered Michael. Photius refused to accept the murder of Michael and refused Basil communion on a great feast day. This angered Basil, so he had Photius imprisoned in a monastery.
This state of affairs changed with the murder of Photius' patron Bardas in 866 and of the Emperor Michael in 867 by his colleague Basil the Macedonian, who now usurped the throne. Photius was deposed as patriarch not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor. Photius was removed from his office and banished around the end of September 867, and Ignatius was reinstated on November 23. During his second patriarchate, Ignatius followed a policy not very different from that of Photius. This perhaps helped improve relations between the two, and circa 876 Photius was suddenly recalled to Constantinople and entrusted with the education of the emperor's children, becoming an advisor to Ignatius. On the death of Ignatius in October 877, Photius, after the requisite show of reluctance, having been recommended by Ignatius prior to his death, was restored to the patriarchal throne.
Second patriarchate
Photius now obtained the formal recognition of the Christian world in a council convened at Constantinople in November 879. The legates of Pope John VIII attended, prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch, a concession for which the pope was much censured by Latin opinion. The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the Eastern and Western churches, the demanded apology to the pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Bulgaria, and the introduction of the filioque clause into the creed. Eventually Photius refused to apologize or accept the filioque, and the papal legates made do with his return of Bulgaria to Rome. This concession, however, was purely nominal, as Bulgaria's return to the Byzantine Rite in 870 had already made it an autocephalous church. Without the consent of Boris I of Bulgaria, the papacy was unable to enforce its claims.
During the altercations between Basil I and his heir Leo VI, Photius took the side of the emperor. Consequently, when Basil died in 886 and Leo became senior emperor, Photius was dismissed and banished, although he had been Leo's tutor. Photius was sent into exile to the monastery of Bordi in Armenia. From this time Photius disappears from history. No letters of this period of his life are extant. The precise date of his death is not known, but it is said to have occurred on February 6, 893.
Photius was long the standard-bearer of the Church in its disagreements with the pope of Rome. All agree on the virtue of his personal life and his remarkable talents, even genius, and the wide range of his intellectual aptitudes. Pope Nicholas himself referred to his "great virtues and universal knowledge."
Troparion (Tone 4) [1]
Follower of the Apostles' way
And teacher of mankind:
Intercede, O Photius, with the Lord of all,
To grant peace to the world
And to our souls great mercy!
Kontakion (Tone 8) [2]
Far-reaching beacon of the Church and God,
inspired Guide of the Orthodox,
you are now crowned with the flowers of song.
You are the divine words of the Spirit's harp,
the strong adversary of heresy and to whom we cry,
"Hail, all-honorable Photius."
Succession box:
Photius the Great
Ignatius I Patriarch of Constantinople
858 – 861 Succeeded by:
Ignatius I
Stephen I
Help with box
1 The Life of Patriarch Photios by D. S. White
Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople at Wikipedia, retrieved on February 5, 2007
F. Dvornik: Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople
Patriarch Photius of Constantinople: His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters by Despina Stratoudaki White, copyright © 1982 by the Holy Cross Orthodox Press
The Bibliotheca or Myriobiblion by Photios of Constantinople
St. Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople (OCA)
Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople (GOARCH)
[Archive of http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople] New Catholic Encyclopedia article by Fr. Francis Dvornik
Photius I of Constantinople at Wikipedia
Photius of Constantinople from the online Catholic Encyclopedia
[Archive of http://web.archive.org/web/20071109075648/http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]
Retrieved from "https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Photius_the_Great&oldid=124674"
Patriarchs of Constantinople
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Graham Duthie presents Fraserburgh Lifeboat Coxswain Vic Sutherland with a bucketful of cash amounting to £1,180.34 raised at his 50th Birthday Party. Looking on are LOM Hamish Partridge and volunteer Declan Sutherland.
Graham who celebrated his 50th birthday on the 28th of September held a party for his friends, family and colleagues at the Leisure Centre two days later on the 30th.
He made it clear he didn't want presents but if anyone wanted they could make a donation to the RNLI.
Graham's flat overlooks the Lifeboat Station and he sees a lot of the activity at the station… everyday work and maintenance, crew arriving for training and exercises, and the lifeboat going out on shouts.
"Everyone in Fraserburgh respects and admires the work that the lifeboat does and the place the lifeboat has in the community" said Graham.


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Why can't I see my email in Microsoft Outlook?
Episode 1550 (33:13)
Terry from Seal Beach, CA
Terry created an "alias" through Outlook for his email, but now it's not working. Leo says that Microsoft has a discussion about this known issue here. The fix was not to use the auto account setup, but to manually set it up. But that hasn't helped Terry. Leo suspects that since Microsoft killed MSN Mail, that could be the issue.
Another issue is that Terry can't get the email in Windows 7, but in Windows 10, he can. Leo says that the "new and improved" Outlook may have caused the problem in Windows 7. If he could view it in "classic" view, he may be able to see it. The good news is that his mail is there and available. He just can't see it. But unfortunately, Microsoft has made it impossible to go back to "classic" view. Leo recommends trying a different browser, like Edge or Chrome. That way he's avoiding the upgraded view in I.E.
That chatroom says that there's a new feature called Focused Inbox that could also cause the issue. It's in the settings. If he turns that off he should be able to see it.
Internet and Web
Outlook, Microsoft, Aliases, email


City streets, water features and thousands of blue shapes combine to create a uniquely detailed map design of Seoul, South Korea.
Modern and interesting, this map wall print will make a noticeable addition to your living spaces and office. Celebrate your love of Seoul!


Get those designs ready! The 2011 Cheap Chic Weddings Toilet Paper Wedding Dress Contest is about to begin!
Every year the contest gets better and better! The official announcement is coming soon and be sure to read the rules carefully as they may be a little different this year!
Don't leave home without it!! Your discount cards that is.
Don't forget to ask for discounts that could be sitting in your wallet. Ask vendors, retailers, etc. if they give discounts for AAA, Military families, Teachers and other club members.
Warehouse clubs now offer other discounts besides food.
Not only are Do-it-Yourself weddings still popular…couples are taking the opportunity to show their personal sides.
DIY Weddings allow the bride and groom to highlight their favorite things. Incorporate your style and likes into every wedding detail!
I need your help! Please give me some tips on saving money on my wedding cake!
If a fancy custom made cake is not in your budget, there are a few things you can do. First, you can do it yourself (or get someone close to you to make it). Many couples have homemade cake at their weddings. Keep the cake and frosting simple, then embellish it with pretty edible flowers, or fake flowers, or a cute topper.
If you have your heart set on a cake from a baker, have a small cake made for cutting, then serve your guests sheet cake made in the same flavor!
* We still love when bridesmaids wear the same bride-chosen color, but in styles they can choose that feels comfortable and looks flattering.
* We love love love non-floral centerpieces. Be creative. Use flea market finds, paper objects, fruit, greens, or objects you collect!
* We love when couples keep it simple…Stick to your theme or color choice and keep all the details simple.
* We hate frumpy Mother-of the-Bride dresses. Today's MOBs are beautiful, hip and looking good…Feel free to dress that way mom!
Check out www.Toms.com and www.Toms.com/wedding. Tom's is one of the most generous companies on the planet!
"With every pair you purchase, Tom's will give a pair of new shoes to a child in need. One for One!" Tom's shoes have a unique style and even have a bridal line.
Their cute Bridal line shoes are $54. They even have shoes for the guys. If their bridal shoes are not your style…check out their other shoes, which we think, are fabulous for your honeymoon!


According to the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine's research, the presence of fungi in indoor environments may cause the buildings' human inhabitants to experience infections, allergic reactions and premature death. Although we have to say that accidental death due to mold exposure is extremely rare these days. It's generally confined to populations with existing, life threatening health problems or weakened immune systems. Further proof of fungi toxicity may be found in scholarly articles published in periodicals like the Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Journal of Occupations Environmental Medicine. With that said, it's imperative that Americans take the subject of mold cleanup seriously.
All mold remediation efforts should include plans that help to keep the affected building's occupants and fungi removal experts' safe from start to finish. They should also cover issues related to mold containment, prevention, safe removal and post-cleanup. That's why people who hire mold remediation specialists often notice them wearing personal protective equipment and using one of several, effective, efficient cleanup methods. By the way, the list of professional cleaning methods utilized to remove mold includes, but isn't confined to wet vacuums, HEPA vacuums, sanitizing wipes and double bags safe enough to hold pathogens.
The one used will be largely determined by the type of indoor mold present and the amount in a given space as well as the lifestyle of the property's occupants. For example, small mold problems tend to cover less than 11 square feet of indoor space. Moderate problems are normally confined to 100 square feet and anything above that is typically considered to be the basis for a major mold problem. As for the mold type, the ones most likely to hurt children and people with destabilized immune systems are cladosporium, stachbotrys, alternaria and aspergillus.
To discover more about them and obtain information on mold cleanup today, please contact us. At Disaster Response Team, combating unwanted mold is our specialty.


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Home » Features » Rob Zombie, Marilyn Manson Giving Summer A Shock On Twins Of Evil Tour
Rob Zombie, Marilyn Manson Giving Summer A Shock On Twins Of Evil Tour
By Matt Bishop July 11, 2019 July 15, 2019 Features, Rock News
Rob Zombie [Matt Bishop Photo]
(TRR) – The summer concert scene is getting a bit of a shock this year, as horror rock icons Rob Zombie and Marilyn Manson are teaming up once again for another installment of their landmark Twins of Evil Tour. Last night, the artists set up shop at the PPL Center in Allentown, PA for the second stop of the trek. The up-and-coming alternative outfit Palaye Royale started the evening's festivities.
Manson, who released his debut album Portrait of an American Family 25 years ago, proves to be timeless. He opened with his industrial headbanger "Angel with the Scabbed Wings" from his multi-platinum sophomore smash Antichrist Superstar. The track, like many others in his catalogue, holds up.
Marilyn Manson [Matt Bishop Photo]
Manson, after a few songs, asked the crows, "Did you miss me, Allentown? 'Cause I sure missed you."
Manson churned out hits like "Rock Is Dead," "The Dope Show," "This Is The New Shit," and others. His encore was none other than his anthem "The Beautiful People." Sadly, Manson did not break out any material from his 2015 record The Pale Emperor, which is one of his best.
Rob Zombie took the stage for the second part of the co-headliner. Zombie has been a busy bee lately, as he seemingly always is. Next week, the trailer for his new film 3 From Hell is scheduled to be unleashed, and he has been working on new material for his forthcoming seventh studio album. So, the production on this tour doesn't have quite as many of the bells and whistles per usual, however the man needs to focus on creating, so we'll just let that go this time around.
Musically, however, Rob Zombie and company crush it as usual. Along with the stellar musicianship of guitarist John 5, drummer Ginger Fish, and bassist Piggy D, Rob Zombie cranked out hits like "Superbeast," "Living Dead Girl," "Dead City Radio," and others. He also threw in the usual White Zombie classics "More Human Than Human" and "Thunder Kiss '65." At the end of the set, Zombie was accompanied by his tourmate Manson for their cover of The Beatles' "Helter Skelter," which they recorded as a single last summer.
Zombie returned for an encore, tearing through "Dragula" – the first big hit single of his solo career.
Twins of Evil Tour LIVE PHOTO GALLERY:
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Platysympus phylloides is een zeekommasoort uit de familie van de Lampropidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1978 door Day.

Zeekomma's

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Movie Review: War Dogs
A Terrible Swing and a Miss
War Dogs (2016): Based on the true story of two young men, David Packouz and Efraim Diveroli, who won a $300 million contract from the Pentagon to arm America's allies in Afghanistan.
2016 is officially the year of missed opportunities for cinema. From lackluster sequels to sequels that were good with bad marketing strategies to now, original ideas that simply can't deliver the message they are trying to convey. War Dogs had a great chance to be a scathing story on the early days of the messy Bush/Cheney invasion of Iraq. It had a chance to be a scathing story on the ridiculous systems put in place by Cheney and the Pentagon that created these low balling arms dealers. But instead, what do we get? A bro tale of two white dudes taking on the system. Because ya! We've never seen that before! This was a story that was tossed underhand to freaking Mickey Mantle, and then Mickey Mantle just swung right through it.
Now there are a ton of problems with this film, which I'll get to, but first let's talk about what I liked. Despite telling this story in a terrible way, the story itself is still fascinating. I did not know that there was a procurement system like this in play during the middle and later half of the Iraq War that the government used for its arms deals in Iraq. This pretense is hugely fascinating, and I definitely want to do more research on this now because of this film. But, like I said, this was the underhand pitch that we got, but where we should've gotten this, we got this. The other good part of this film is Bradley Cooper. Even though his character makes NO SENSE and I don't even think exists in real life at all, and if he is I'm pretty sure he's of a different ethnicity which means this is another example of whitewashing, it's still nice to see Bradley Cooper be, well, not terrible for a change. Cooper received my worst actor of 2015 award, (which you can revisit here) but he seems to have taken that to heart (ha) and has turned it around, at least a bit, here in War Dogs. But, he's only barely in this film, and pretty much everything else here falls flat on its face.
Alright, so, where to begin? Yes! This film is so. On. The. Nose. From a Miles Teller vioce over that goes throughout the ENTIRE film and explains EVERYTHING to us to the freaking musical selections, it was as if this film was trying to explain its story to a bunch of 2 year olds. Oh! So the musical selections. I kind of let this go with Suicide Squad, also made by Warner Brothers, but WB seems to have this idea that all you need to do with your musical selections nowadays is just have a bunch of pop music in your film that people recognize and you're good. There is absolutely ZERO thought process behind any of these musical selections, and they are all extremely on the nose. Like having our first shots of the American military be with "Fortunate Son" playing in the background. Because we've NEVER heard that song play behind our military before in a film, right? Guys. Seriously. Take a page out of Martin Scorsese and David O. Russell's playbook when it comes to effectively using pop music in your film. It's not THAT hard it just requires going a bit more deeper than surface level. It was just so cliched! Basically, this film falls flat on its face because of an absolutely abysmal script. I still don't know how to classify this film. Is it a comedy? A satire? A drama? An action film? I HAVE NO IDEA. Are we supposed to hate our two frat bro "heroes" who want to take the power back and stick it to the man and have immense success until it all falls apart? I have no idea. Heck I barely even understood that sentence. Kind of like this film.
If you haven't figured it out yet, I thought this film sucked. This was director Todd Phillips first foray out of comedies and into a "drama" (which is what I've decided to call it) and, after watching this, all I can say is "Wow. Go back to making comedies please." Because this is a story that should've been in Oscar talk for this year, but instead it's going to likely find itself on a list it does not want to be on later this year. What a wasted opportunity.
In other news, MAN has it been a TERRIBLE year for Warner Brothers.....
The Critique: A home run premise squandered, War Dogs leaves much to be desired in nearly every department and will likely find itself labeled as one of the worst films of 2016.
The Recommendation: You yearn for me to say: AVOID LIKE THE PLAGUE
The Verdict: 2/10 Garbage
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Movie Review: Sausage Party
Did that really just happen?
Sausage Party (2016): A sausage strives to discover the truth about his existence.
Well said, IMDB. So I'm writing this review nearly 24 hours after I saw this film, and I still have NO idea what I just saw. Honestly, I'm pretty torn about this one. On the one hand, this film is absolutely crazy. Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg and co. do NOT hold back at all with this effort. This film is definitely one of the most vulgar films I have ever seen, and it's pretty much just one sex joke after another. But there are some pretty well thought-out underlying themes to our current society which I can appreciate, and there was a lot of care that went into the making of this film, which is better than most comedies nowadays. But, on the other hand, it's just one sex joke after another and the comedy, while somewhat funny in just how outrageous it is, is still pretty lazy. I think this is how we will sum up this film: if you like other Rogen-Goldberg comedies (Superbad, This is the End, Neighbors, The Interview) you will like this film. If you don't, well then you'll hate every second of its brief 89 minute runtime. So, let's jump into it, shall we?
First off, the good. The animation here is noooooot terrible. For a crew that has no experience in the world of animation, they hold their own pretty well on this front. I liked the colors of the film, and the filter we had going back and forth between what people see and what the food sees was quite clever. I also appreciated the fact that they went for it. This film is as hard an R as you can find, and the filmmakers clearly didn't hold anything back. I can respect a film that simply owns its pretense versus tries to be anything more. There was also some great musical moments throughout the film, including a dance number to open the entire thing, (that's actually relevant to the rest of the film) and a sequence involving Meat Loaf that just might find it's way into my favorite movie moments of 2016. The voice acting is excellent, with the stars (in my mind at least) being David Krumholtz and Edward Norton who are both totally unrecognizable as Lavash and Sammy, respectively. But Kristen Wiig (who has had a seriously underrated summer in film) and Seth Rogen are pretty good too. But overall, the most important part of a comedy is is it funny? And the answer here is yes. Kind of. The second act leaves a lot to be desired, but the third act comes back with a vengeance in several completely ridiculous sequences that had me and the rest of the theater rolling on the floor laughing. Man they should make an acronym out of that.....
But, honestly the best part of this film was it's underlying themes. Surrounding all the vulgarity was a surprisingly powerful statement on modern-day religion that featured several different characters in this film. While you can definitely say that these guys could've made these themes a bit clearer and not resolved them the way they did, I really respect Rogen/Goldberg and co. for actually trying to make their vulgar comedy about something. While it's not as.....prevalent as it was in 2014's This is the End (which I believe was the peak for Rogen/Goldberg comedies) it's still far more obvious than other films like Neighbors and The Interview, which were JUST stupid for the sake of being stupid.
That said, this film is still stupid. I definitely felt like I lost some brain cells watching it, and I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to watch it again without a group of friends. The "story" that holds it all together can barely even qualify as such, and when I wasn't laughing man was this thing dull. But, fortunately it kept me laughing for most of the film, and ultimately slides in as a good film as far as comedies go. And, in such a terrible summer blockbuster season filled with sequels and disappointments, this is definitely one of the best things I've seen over the last few months so it's like a breath of fresh air. Ultimately, I'd say go see it, especially if you like Rogen/Goldberg humor, just.....don't expect the world because you are not going to get it.
The Critique: A film that owns its premise, Sausage Party is a vulgar and perverted tale done surprisingly well with underlying tones on modern religion that will make you never look at food the same way again.
The Recommendation: Fans of Rogen/Goldberg comedies will enjoy this, and maybe if you're looking for something vulgar and have 90 minutes to kill it's not the worst thing in the world, but there isn't much appeal beyond that.
Rewatchability: Moderate
The Verdict: 7/10 Good.
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Jason Bourne (2016): The CIA's most dangerous former operative is drawn out of hiding to uncover more explosive truths about his past.
SPOILER ALERT: This movie sucks. There. I said it. Sorry for ruining a good thing, but I really REALLY did not like this film. It's messy, had me constantly questioning what was going on at any given moment, and had the (in)famous Paul Greengrass cinematography I despise so much. (So much I actually had a discussion on it which you can check out here) Everyone in this film is sleepwalking throughout it, even Matt Damon, who has always been good about trying in everything he does. Well, it really feels like no one is trying here, including Alicia Vikander which makes me really sad. Vikander was my favorite actress of 2015, and this is her first big role in 2016 and boy is it disappointing. (Man 2016 has not been great for either Vikander or Oscar Isaac, who stared as Apocalypse in the lackluster X-Men film) Ultimately, Jason Bourne is incoherent and incomprehensible with just too many quick! Locate him in a Berlin! *bangs on keyboard for a few seconds* There he is! Now get our agents to with 5 feet of him! *bangs on keyboard a few more seconds* Done! Engage! type moments. The film is a big stupid action movie but it is trying to hard to be something more, and it's ridiculously grand statements about what we can do with technology nowadays and what our intelligence community is capable of just made this film, well, bad in my eyes.
You know....I probably shouldn't be as harsh on this film as I am trying to be. I think at the end of the day, it's trying to appeal to an older generation, as well as trying to appeal to the staunch privacy advocates out there. I think if you ask one of those two demographics what they thought about this film, they'd say it was fine. Maybe even decently good. But there's just too much sleepwalking from the cast (Matt Damon apparently went through quite the physical transformation to play this character but that transformation did not resonate at all) and too much of the Greengrass cinematography, which can basically be summed up as shaky cam: hardcore edition.
Honestly, what good is there to highlight in this film? Ummmmm oh! Tommy Lee Jones is in it! America's favorite grandpa (don't tell him I said that) is restrained for most of it, but pretty much the best moment in the film for me came when Tommy Lee Jones was finally Tommy Lee Jones and threw some sass into a few of his lines. But, beyond that? I don't know man. I honestly got nothing. Ultimately, this film falls into the shadow of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. for 2016 being a late summer blockbuster that is targeted towards the older generation. Only difference is 2015's late summer blockbuster was actually good (it made my best films of 2015 which you can check out here) and just misread the target audience. That said, no way are they gonna let this franchise die, so you can look forward to another disgruntled review when they try (again) to revive this long dead franchise in 2019.
The Critique: Lackluster in nearly every way, Jason Bourne is another disappointing addition to a franchise that should have been allowed to die ten years ago.
The Recommendation: Are you a baby boomer or a privacy advocate? Then this film is for you. Everyone else? Just watch the original Bourne Identity again.
The Verdict: 3/10 Bad. And it gets a 3/10 pretty much just for Tommy Lee Jones.
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It's disappointingly fine
Suicide Squad (2016): A secret government agency recruits a group of imprisoned supervillains to execute dangerous black ops missions in exchange for clemency, which inevitably leads to chaos.
Ahhhhh the classic "how do you review this" dilemma. How do you review a film when it can be summed up in two classic words: it's fine. Ultimately, anything I say about Suicide Squad can be summed up with those two words. But that's not what we were expecting, right? After that first trailer with "Bohemian Rhapsody" underneath it, which I enjoyed so much it actually inspired me to create a new category in my end-of-year review highlighting some of the best trailers, (Which you can revisit here) I was excited that we were finally going to get the DC film we deserved. Personally, I love the Suicide Squad: I love the concept, and the actors they cast to play the Suicide Squad (besides Jai Courtney) were all great selections. Even Adewale Akinnouye-Agbaje manages to earn my "best unrecognizable performance of 2016" as Killer Croc, beating out two superstars in Oscar Isaac and Idris Elba. And that's not to mention Margot Robbie, who KILLS IT as Harley Quinn, quickly creating a new timeless superstar synonymous with a character. Fox has Hugh Jackman, Disney has Robert Downey Jr., and now Warner Brothers has Margot Robbie. They've definitely struck gold here. So where did this film go wrong?
Let's start with the classic trope I have against DC Films, which again rears its ugly head here: the tone. Once again, the tone to this film is far too dreary, with most of it occurring (of course) at night and, just overall not being as fun as it should be. Hey, Warner Brothers, did you see Guardians of the Galaxy? That's how you can do a fun comic book film with a cast of misfits. And hey, when the final action sequence occurs, is it shot in the day or at night? During the day! SERIOUSLY WARNER BROTHERS. I get Zack Snyder shoots all his films at night, but this is really starting to bother me. I like to see what's going on. Either shoot during the day, or figure out how to improve your lighting because it's been atrocious ever since Man of Steel. Go watch The Dark Knight again! That final big action sequence is shot at night, but at least there they have some decent lighting I mean come on. Next up is the music. Look. I love pop culture selections in my movies. It's one of favorite things about Martin Scorsese. But here.....it's as if someone in corporate was like "the kids love dat music, so let's give them a 50 song soundtrack!" Seriously the movie opens and with the first 15 minutes we are treated to about 10 different song selections. It's overwhelming, and it made me do something I never thought I'd do during a film: tune out the music. But overall, my biggest fault with this film is just that it's not as much fun as it should be. It should've been easy to make this film as good, if not better, than Guardians of the Galaxy. But the pacing is all over the place and the tone (both literally and figuratively) is just too dark. Hopefully they'll get this right with Wonder Woman, because my patience is really starting to wear thin with DC films.
That aside, there are some improvements made here. Most notably, with the cinematography. The cinematography with Batman V. Superman was ATROCIOUS. We're talking laughably bad. But the exchange of shaky cam for slow-motion, while going from one cliche to another, is a welcome one. Though I am absolutely damning with feint praise here. Additionally, you have Margot Robbie. I know I said it earlier, but let me say it again: Margot Robbie CARRIES this film. She picks it up with her bare hands and does EVERYTHING she can to make it better. The rest of the cast is good, (I actually very much enjoyed Will Smith as Deadshot) besides Jai Courtney, but it's Robbie who's the star here. I hope we get a big-budget Harley Quinn movie at some point.
Finally, you may have noticed there's one thing I haven't really addressed at all here, even though I thought going into this film it would be the thing I talked about the most: The Joker. For those who don't know, I believe Heath Ledger's Joker in 2008's The Dark Knight is the single best performance by an actor I have ever seen on film. So it goes without saying Jared Leto had some big shoes to fill. But if anyone could pull off The Joker, it was him. After all, Jared Leto is ACTUALLY crazy so playing The Joker should be easy, right? Well, this was perhaps the most disappointing part of Suicide Squad: Jared Leto was......fine. Nothing more, and nothing less. He really wasn't given a whole lot of time to develop his character, and his writing left a LOT to be desired, but Leto really did not step into the shoes of The Joker as much as I thought he would.
So, ultimately, that's what I have to say about a film that can be described by two words. While there's a lot of potential squandered here, Suicide Squad doesn't completely fall on its face, and thanks to several great performances, especially Margot Robbie, it manages to keep its head above water, barely. While I was expecting so much more, I can't say this is the worst DC film I have ever seen, which at the end of the day is an accomplishment. Well done, Warner Brothers. You have officially achieved mediocrity.
The Critique: Painfully mediocre, Suicide Squad squanders its vast potential with poor pacing, lighting, and musical choices, despite a spectacular performance from Margot Robbie.
The Recommendation: Margot Robbie is worth the cost of admission, but I really hope Warner Brothers identifies this and creates a Harley Quinn standalone film, so for now I'll say Redbox it.
The Verdict: 5/10 Average
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Hungary enters the world of Western written sources by the 860s, which is why all the military history handbooks start with the Hungarian raids, and suppose a certain continuity between the tribal period and the foundation of the kingdom, traditionally dated to the year 1000. The country had an unchallenged position in the Carpathian Basin, gradually developing to the position of a middle power by the mid-12th century. From the 12th century expansion proved constant, first to the northeast, later to the territory of Cumans in today's Romanian Wallachia and South Moldavia, temporarily to the neighboring Austrian duchies, and to the south—characterized by the formation of a chain of buffer territories, so called banates. The country had very close political ties with the West, namely with the dynasties of the Angevins and the Luxembourgs, and it witnessed a rapid cultural and military acculturation. In spite of the repeated domestic wars of the 15th century, the rule of King Matthias is considered the peak of Hungarian power, and even today he retains his fame. The Hungarian military, with a significant standing army and border defense system under King Matthias, could stop, or at least slow down, the Ottoman expansion toward the west. The period of the Jagiellonian kings, though not as weak as once described, ended in the final military defeat of the royal army at Mohács (1526), traditionally seen as a chronological turning point in Hungarian political and military history.
In spite of the growing number of source publications, the online open access to the medieval (pre-1526) charter collection of the Hungarian National Archive (cited as Medieval Hungary Online: The Hungarian National Archives's Online Portal on Medieval Charters in Reference Resources), and also to the printed source editions, and a new wave of war history studies, a new updated military history handbook and chronology are still missing, although the short popular version Hermann 2012 is promising. The latest handbook on Hungarian military history, Liptai 1984–1985, is still reliable, though its medieval chapters are amazingly short. The medieval Hungarian encyclopedia until the 1380s, Kristó 1984, is useful, but it needs updating as well. Fortunately we have a modern concise history of medieval Hungary (Engel 2001) written by an expert, as well as Engel's reference works on the secular archontology of Hungary (1301–1457) and medieval genealogy of Hungary (see Engel 1996 and Engel 2001, cited under Reference Resources). The series East European Monographs and Atlantic Studies on Society in Change edited by an emigrant, former Hungarian general Béla Király, and distributed by Columbia University Press, is a pioneering project in presenting the leading Hungarian researchers and their books to the English-speaking world. The more than one hundred volumes differ greatly in their standards, but the medieval military history volume Bak and Király 1982 offers a good start. The most recent studies offer a wider range of topics, such as the expansionist tendencies in Hungarian foreign relations by Attila (Bárány 2012), Hungary's place in the development of warfare in Europe, and the significance of military thinking in Hungary in an international context (Couteau-Bégarie and Tóth 2011).
Bak, János M., and Béla K. Király, eds. From Hunyadi to Rákóczi: War and Society in Late Medieval and Early Modern Hungary. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs, 1982.
The most widespread collection of studies on this topic, most of them still worth reading.
Bárány, Attila. "Attempts for Expansion: Hungary, 1000–1500." In The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages. Edited by Nora Berend, 330–380. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2012.
A clear overview of Hungarian campaigns and military-diplomatic activity.
Berend, Nora, Przemysław Urbańczyk, and Wiszewski Przemysław. Central Europe in the High Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
A well-integrated, up-to-date comparative history of Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary from 900 to 1300, offering a good introduction to Central European political and military history.
Couteau-Bégarie, Hervé, and Ferenc Tóth, eds. La pensée militaire Hongroise à travers les siècles. Paris: Economica, 2011.
The first book ever published on military thinking and reception of innovations in Hungary from the 14th century until World War I.
Engel, Pál. The Realm of Saint Stephen, 895–1526: A History of Medieval Hungary. London: Tauris, 2001.
Basic and most recent overview by an excellent historian, a compilation of databases of medieval Hungarian topography, archontology, and genealogy (see also the chapter on castles), published in Hungarian and Romanian as well.
Hermann, Róbert, ed. Illustrated Military History of Hungary. Budapest: Zrínyi, 2012.
A short, but useful, summary of Hungarian military history.
Kristó, Gyula. Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
The encyclopedia of early Hungarian history from the 9th to the 14th centuries offers a good orientation to Hungarian history, including all military aspects.
Liptai, Ervin, ed. Magyarország hadtörténete. 2 vols. Budapest: Zrínyi, 1984–1985.
The only concise military history published after World War II; unfortunately the medieval chapters are very short, but the chronology is carefully chosen.
Pósán, László, and Veszprémy László, eds. "A hadtáp volt maga a fegyver" Tanulmányok a középkori hadszervezet és katonai logisztika kérdéseiről. Budapest: Zrínyi, 2013.
Pósán, László, and Veszprémy László, eds. Elfeledett háborúk: Középkori csaták és várostromok, 6–16. század. Forgotten wars. Budapest: Zrínyi, 2016.
A thematic volume focusing on Hungarian military history of the 14th-16th centuries, with basic contributions on the civil wars of the 1440s, on the fate of the so-called Black Army of King Matthias. Translated as "Medieval battles and sieges, 6th–16th centuries." See, especially, pp. 198–231.
Veszprémy, László, ed. Magyarország hadtörténete. Vol. 1, A kezdetektől 1526. Szerk. Budapest: Zrínyi, 2017.


text:
Home » News » India » RJD Chief Lalu Prasad Yadav Admitted to AIIMS, Doctor Says Infection in Kidney
RJD Chief Lalu Prasad Yadav Admitted to AIIMS, Doctor Says Infection in Kidney
File photo of Bihar's former chief minister Lalu Yadav being escorted by police officials in Ranchi. (Image: PTI)
The former chief minister has been convicted in four fodder scam cases since 2013 -- the latest being the Dumka treasury case, in which a special CBI court sentenced him to 14 years in jail.
Last Updated:March 29, 2018, 21:05 IST
Edited by: Tarun Bhardwaj
New Delhi/Ranchi: RJD supremo Lalu Prasad, who has been serving a jail term in connection with the fodder scam, was today admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Delhi for specialized treatment.
Prasad, who was serving his jail term in Ranchi, was referred to AIIMS by the Rajendra Institute of Medical Science (RIMS) in Ranchi. "His condition is stable. He was brought in at noon. His sugar levels are a little bit high and he has some infection in the kidney," an AIIMS doctor said.
He also said that Prasad has been admitted under the medicine department. The RJD chief had been admitted to RIMS in Ranchi on March 17 over complaints of uneasiness while he was lodged at the Birsa Munda Jail. Prasad has been serving a jail term since December 23.
He left for New Delhi yesterday by train after a special CBI court allowed him to seek treatment at Delhi AIIMS. Senior advocate Chittaranjan Sinha, who has been handling Prasad's fodder scam cases from the very beginning, said the 69-year-old leader is suffering from diabetes, high creatinine levels and blood pressure.
"His condition was not suitable for flying and the doctors at RIMS advised him to travel by train," Sinha said. A medical board at the RIMS where Prasad was being treated had decided to refer him to AIIMS for better treatment, RIMS Director R K Srivastav said.
The Jharkhand High Court will hear on April 6 his bail plea in connection with his conviction in the third fodder scam case -- pertaining to fraudulent withdrawal of Rs 37.62 crore from the Chaibasa Treasury, Sinha said.
fodder scam
Lalu Prasad Yadav
Rajendra Institute of Medical Science (RIMS)
first published:March 29, 2018, 21:04 IST


text:
import traceback
import psycopg2
import abc
import settings
import logging
from contextlib import contextmanager

from . import DbRoot as dbb

# Absolutely minimal class to handle opening a DB interface.

class DbBase(dbb.TransactionMixin, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):

	# Abstract class (must be subclassed)
	__metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

	@abc.abstractmethod
	def loggerPath(self):
		return None

	def __init__(self):
		self.log = logging.getLogger(self.loggerPath)
		self.log.info("Base DB Interface Starting!")

	def openDB(self):
		self.log.info("Opening DB...",)

		# First try local socket connection, fall back to a IP-based connection.
		# That way, if the server is local, we get the better performance of a local socket.
		try:
			self.conn = psycopg2.connect(dbname=settings.DATABASE_DB_NAME, user=settings.DATABASE_USER,password=settings.DATABASE_PASS)
		except psycopg2.OperationalError:
			self.conn = psycopg2.connect(host=settings.DATABASE_IP, dbname=settings.DATABASE_DB_NAME, user=settings.DATABASE_USER,password=settings.DATABASE_PASS)

		# self.conn = psycopg2.connect(host=settings.DATABASE_IP, dbname=settings.DATABASE_DB_NAME, user=settings.DATABASE_USER,password=settings.DATABASE_PASS)
		# self.conn.autocommit = True
		self.log.info("DB opened.")

	def closeDB(self):
		self.log.info("Closing DB...",)
		self.conn.close()
		self.log.info("DB Closed")

	def get_cursor(self):
		return self.conn.cursor()

	def release_cursor(self, cursor):
		return None

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Biografia
Fu eletto console nel 316 a.C., con il collega Marco Popilio Lenate. I due consoli rimasero a Roma, poiché il comando delle operazioni contro i Sanniti, fu preso dal dittatore Lucio Emilio Mamercino Privernate.

Note

Nauzio Rutilo, Spurio
Rutilo, Spurio


Art investment returns have long represented a relatively safe bet during turbulent times in the financial world.
This market is largely uncorrelated to major stock markets, and often used by investors as a way to diversify portfolios in times of economic uncertainty. As art is a tangible asset, it will always have a residual value, unlike other investments such as stocks and shares. Individuals can also enjoy displaying an art investment in their home or elsewhere, providing a satisfaction unique to fixed asset investments.
As well as concerned investors, hedge funds will apparently spend more on art during these times, "because they tell me that they make more money when there's volatility in the market," Van de Weghe explains.
A slumping stock market can often impact individuals who happen to have art investment portfolios, and their decision to free up capital could spell opportunity for other collectors.
"That's a moment where access to certain pieces is possible. So if you know you want a specific [artwork], a moment where the market is softer is a great time to be active," explains Marc Payot, a partner and vice president of Hauser and Wirth. Anyone in the position to buy is able to snap up the works that others choose to sell.
"These markets are driven much more by psychology than they are by economic factors," ArtAssure's Asher Edelman explains. For this reason, it's important to educate yourself. Rather than constantly tracking movements in the market and potentially panicking over sensationalist news articles, do your research before purchasing a piece of art and avoid simply jumping on the latest trend.
"It's never good to sell art in the short term if you have to," admits Edelman, "but then, that's true for everything, including real estate." Art investment is best suited for long term gains, as it's not a liquid asset. For this very reason, it's advisable to invest in art that you truly admire and gain pleasure from.
If you would like to discuss art investment returns further, please get in touch with Maddox Gallery. Our expert Sotheby's trained art consultants would be happy to advise you further.


text:
Hanson Bridgett LLP
Kimon Manolius
California, U.S.A.
Local Time: Mon. 06:32
Kimon provides both transactional and litigation expertise and advice to his public entity clients, and currently serves as General Counsel to the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District.
On the transactional side, he has special expertise in transit and transportation funding at the federal, state and local levels. He helps his transit clients on project delivery and compliance with the myriad of statutory and regulatory schemes governing public entities. He provides advice on the Brown Act and the Public Records Act, ethics, and risk management. His objective is to protect the interests of his public entity clients in their dealings with private entities and other public entities.
He frequently litigates in any number of areas including code enforcement, torts, civil rights defense, inverse condemnation, takings and other land use litigation. He is experienced in dangerous condition of public property, and is an expert in design immunity. He advises on and defends his clients on issues under the First, Fourth, Eighth, and 14th Amendments, Titles II, VI and VII, and the California Voting Rights Act.
Before joining the firm, Kimon spent 11 years at the City Attorney's Office for the City and County of San Francisco. He served as managing attorney and chief counsel at that 200-lawyer office, gaining a wealth of experience working with city officials, departments, and public safety agencies. During his tenure, Kimon represented the city and county both as a plaintiff and as a defendant. He retooled and managed the City's code enforcement team with a focus on housing, building, planning, zoning, environmental health, drug abatement and consumer protection issues. On the defense side, Kimon became a specialist in many areas that confront public agencies including tort defense, dangerous condition of public property and the design immunity doctrine, civil rights defense, police misconduct, consent decrees, employment litigation, class actions, and medical malpractice issues.
Kimon also possesses considerable skills as a negotiator and mediator. He handled hundreds of settlement conferences for the City and County. He has served as a pro tem settlement judge for the San Francisco Superior Court and an early settlement panelist for the Bar Association of San Francisco.
Kimon serves on the Transportation Research Board's Transit and Intermodal Committee. He also serves on the board of Law Rocks, Inc., an organization that raises money by organizing concerts in 20 cities around the world in which law firms and law-affiliated bands compete.
Kimon received a B.A. in Development Studies from Brown University in 1983. His undergraduate thesis paper was, "The Demise of East African Cooperation." Prior to earning his law degree, Kimon was involved intimately in the 1988 Dukakis for President campaign. He served as director of administration and finance and assistant treasurer for the $54 million general election campaign, as well as the Massachusetts state director for the primary election. Kimon then received his J.D. from Boston University School of Law in 1990. His certification paper was "The Energy Facilities Siting Council, Public Decision-Making in a Political Environment."
Kimon teaches legal research and writing and moot court at Hastings College of the Law. He plays bass guitar with the 101 North Band out of Sausalito, California.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California
U.S. District Court for the Central District of California
J.D., Boston University School of Law (1990)
B.A., Brown University (1983)
Environment & Natural Resources | Environmental & Natural Resources | Environmental & Natural Resources | Environmental and Natural Resources | Government | Litigation & Dispute Resolution | Litigation & Dispute Resolution
Significant Accomplishments
Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. Serves as general counsel to the Bridge District, advising on all aspects of the multi-modal Bridge District's mission, which includes the management and maintenance of the Bridge, as well as the provision of ferry and bus service in the San Francisco to Sonoma, Route 101 corridor.
Darensburg v. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Kimon litigated, tried, and won this class action for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission. The case was a precedent-setting federal district court class action in the area of the rules governing state and federal transit funding. That victory was argued in and affirmed by the Ninth Circuit in an important published opinion.
Dammann v. Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. Kimon litigated, won summary judgment, and had affirmed on appeal this precedent-setting matter in the realm of design immunity. The Court of Appeal for the First Appellate District held that design immunity protected the District's decision not to install a median barrier on the Golden Gate Bridge, even in light of technological advances in the design of moveable median barriers.
"Substandard Designs and Better Technology—New Developments in Design Immunity," co-author, Public Law Journal (February 2014)
"Going to Mediation? Play Nice.," San Francisco Attorney (December 2009)
© Hanson Bridgett LLP, 2020


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text:
Alyssa wants to restart her failed career
FAILED ADULT ACTRESS ALYSSA MILANO CONTINUES TO FEEL BITTER THAT HER ACTING CAREER IS OVER. DESPERATE FOR ATTENTION, SHE TOOK TO TWITTER ON MOTHER'S DAY WITH THIS GEM:
Alyssa MilanoVerified account @Alyssa_Milano 11h11 hours ago
Alyssa Milano Retweeted Donald J. Trump
"I moved on her like a bitch. But I couldn't get there. And she was married...
REACHED FOR COMMENT BY THESE REPORTERS, MS. MILANO EXPLAINED THAT THIS WAS PART OF HER UPCOMING PUNKY BREWSTER FAN FICTION, "I'VE GOT A PLAN FOR A 3-PART SERIES INVOLVING FINGER BANGING, SKUNKING AND SCISSORING ENDING WITH A BAD CASE OF RUG BURN FOR BOTH PUNKY AND MYSELF. I THINK THIS IS JUST THE THING TO RESTART MY CAREER."
Daniel Bellamy (EURO NEWS) reports 3 people died from a bombing after polls closed -- two were voters and one was a polling observer. These were the first parliamentary elections since April 30, 2014. At that time, the Islamic State was on the rise thanks to the actions of then-prime minister Nouri al-Maliki but they had yet to seize territory.
Strangely, there are 'experts' (gas bags) who judge ISIS by how much territory they hold when holding territory was actually not their goal or aim but something they managed to do because of Nouri al-Maliki's corruption, violence and ineptitude.
The elections that took place today had been postponed. In addition, they were cut in half -- this was supposed to combine provincial and parliamentary elections.
That didn't happen and provincial candidates may be very grateful about that since turnout was very, very low. Nabih Bulos (LOS ANGLES TIMES) notes, "Before noon, Prime Minister Haider Abadi ordered the curfew lifted in what was thought to be a bid to encourage more people to come out to vote, but it appeared to have little effect even with 30 minutes before polls closed at 6 p.m."
Why would they be excited?
Ali Jawad (ANADOLU AGENCY) notes, "A total of 24 million Iraqis are eligible to cast their ballots to elect members of parliament, who will in turn elect the Iraqi president and prime minister." RUDAW adds, "Around 7,000 candidates have registered to stand in the May 12 poll, with 329 parliamentary seats up for grabs." AFP explains that the nearly 7,000 candidates includes 2014 women. THE SIASAT DAILY adds, of the nearly 7,000 candidates, "According to the electoral commission, only 20 percent of the candidates are newcomers." Ali Abdul-Hassan and Sinan Salaheddin (AP) report, "Iraqi women account for 57 percent of Iraq's population of over 37 million, according to the U.N. Development Program, and despite government efforts to address gender inequality, the situation for Iraqi women has declined steadily since 2003. According to the UNDP, one in every 10 Iraqi households is headed by a widow. In recent years, Iraqi women suffered further economic, social and political marginalization due to decades of wars, conflict, violence and sanctions." RUDAW also notes that 60 Christian candidates are competing for the five allotted minority seats. How do they elect the prime minister? This comes after the general election and is based on who won seats in the election. Abdulrahman al-Rashed (AL ARABIYA) explains, "To win the premiership, a candidate needs to win the majority of the votes, i.e. the votes of 165 MPs out of 329. Since it is a multi-party system, it is almost impossible to win these votes without sealing political alliances. The governorate of Baghdad is the most important one because it is the largest with 69 seats." The chief issues? Mustapha Karkouti (GULF NEWS) identifies them as follows, "Like in previous elections, the main concerns of ordinary Iraqis continue to be the lack of security and the rampant corruption." Sunday, RUDAW explained that the electoral commission "so far fined 210 candidates for violations of commission guidelines."
Corruption is a key issue and it was not a topic explored by candidates outside of Moqtada al-Sadr's coalition. Empty lip service was offered. Hayder al-Abadi, current prime minister, had been offering empty lip service for four years. He did nothing. Iraqis were supposed to think that, for example, Hayder's focus on ISIS in Mosul mattered. All life was supposed to stop because of Mosul? All expectations were to be ignored because of Mosul?
Arabic social media today and yesterday was full of comments about the lack of improvement in services. It noted how the elections had not mattered before and, yes, how in 2010 the US government overturned the elections because they didn't like the outcome.
I'm sorry, where's the special counsel investigating that?
Oh, that's right, in the US, Americans only get outraged when they feel their elections are stolen, not when they know they stole another country's elections. So it's not at all surprising that NPR states, "With more than 90 percent of the votes in, Iraq's election commission announced voter turnout of 44.5 percent. The figure is down sharply from 60 percent of eligible voters who cast their ballots in the last elections in 2014." It's left to AP to point out the obvious NPR ignored, "No election since 2003 saw turnout below 60 percent." AFP also spoke clearly, "More than half of the nearly 24.5 million voters did not show up at the ballot box in the parliamentary election, the highest abstention rate since the first multiparty elections in 2005 [. . .]."
So this turnout was historically low.
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Read a book?
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"Alyssa and her armed bodyguards"
"THIS JUST IN! CELEBRITY LIVES MATTER!"


This is a 'stop-press' kind of blog-post.
Since the early days of my small textiles business, I have been reading a weekly blog entitled 'While She Naps' by Abby Glassenberg (www.whileshenaps.com).
Abby is herself a small business owner: she has written patterns for making soft toys and is also a puppet-maker. She writes about the textile industry in its many aspects, about women who run textile businesses and about business topics of interest to such women. She is co-founder of Craft Industry Alliance (www.craftindustryalliance.org) of which I am a member and she has produced a number of interesting podcasts.
Today's podcast, number 110, is the 'Community Podcast' which is full of recommendations of books, notions and tools, classes, podcasts and other things which might be of interest to creatives in any or many of the different areas of textiles.
I am excited to tell you that my recommendation is included! My two-minute contribution comes at 23 minutes 24 seconds into the recording. I am talking about 'Sunday Morning Quilts' by Amanda Jean Nyberg and Cheryl Arkison.
I hope you will listen to find out why I love this book so much – and then go on to hear the rest, which includes a wealth of suggestions and ideas. Click here to go to the podcast.


In an absolutely unmissable exhibition, their first of the year, the Leica Gallery in Bomonitada in collaboration with Fotografevi hosts the Magnum photographer Bruno Barbey.
A Magnum photographer since 1964, and chairman of the agency between 1992–95, Bruno Barbey's My Morocco presents images from his book of the same name taken between 1970 and 2000.
Barbey was born and brought up in Morocco, spending the first twelve years of his life there, and although he would travel the world capturing legendary images of war and conflict from Northern Ireland to Cambodia, the country remained a profound source of more soothing inspiration resulting in no fewer than four books.
Combine a visit to the gallery with the new Ara Güler exhibition, Aphrodisias. Magnum writ large!


If you know anyone who is a musician, you have to tell them about this episode and service. This week is particularly special because he launched a new service for songwriters for distributing their music, sharing resources and experiences, networking with musicians, and recording new songs through professional collaborations.
Right now, he's offering the first 4 weeks for free and then it's only $5 a month after that. And he built all of this while being a full time dad, his wife has gone back to school for her masters, and he has been filming Season 6 of The Walking Dead which is airing now.


text:
OLA Technical Services Award
The OLA Technical Services Award recognizes the Ontario librarian, teacher-librarian, technician, library worker or department who has made a substantial achievement to their institution and/or the library profession in the area of technical services. This award is about recognizing those who help with the efficiencies and improve access to materials. Awards like this foster innovation, create an environment to share ideas and support high morale among technical service workers.
Nominees may either be an individual person or a group. When nominating a group, please provide details for a primary contact in the nomination form.
Nominees should be or have been employed in an Ontario library, though non-Ontario experience and contribution will be recognized in the submission.
The nominee should be an example of a technical services employee who has raised the profile of this sector of the library profession.
Nominations may not be made by the individual nominated.
Nominators must be members of OLA in good standing.
There is no requirement for the Nominee to be an OLA member.
While this award is designed for an individual it is possible for a department to be nominated and considered.
November Board meeting: Nominations deliberated and decisions made
Letters of endorsement are encouraged and should provide additional evidence of the worthiness of the nominee.


Problem skin: the disease or a feature?
Why dandruff appears in the winter? How to deal with it?
Flushed: what health problems can indicate?
Wen on the body: to remove or not touch a lipoma?
Mole: when to delete and when not?


FC Halifax go again this week as they travel down to Kent to face Maidstone United on Tuesday night. The Shaymen will be looking to kick on from their 0-0 draw against Aldershot Town on Saturday. Here we'll take a look at the form of the two sides.
Maidstone United currently sit in 23rd position with 26 points that's 10 points from safety. Maidstone have lost four out of their last five games in the league. Over the course of the season Maidstone have the second worst defensive record in the league conceding 56 goals, compared to The Shaymen who sit joint fifth having only conceded 32 goals so far this season.
Maidstone are coming off a 2-0 loss away to Bromley with JJ Hooper scoring a brace for the home team. At home Maidstone did win their last game. The Stones were in FA Trophy action and took a surprising 3-0 win in a replay against play-off hopefuls Salford City.
Back to league form, in the last league games The Stones have only picked up a point out of a possible 15. This point came against A.F.C Fylde in a game which saw both teams put it in the wrong net. Aron Davies of Maidstone put it in his own net just shy of the half hour mark and then Danny Philiskirk of Fylde put it in his net to make the scores level at 1-1 and that's how it finished.
In Maidstone's other three games against Leyton Orient, Dagenham & Redbridge and Maidenhead United the Stones have conceded a total of 10 goals scoring only twice. Orient took a 3-0 win at home the Daggers also scored three goals and Maidenhead added four more in a 2-4 away win at Maidstone.
The last win in the league for The Stones was the 5th January when they travelled to the north east to get a 1-2 victory. It was game you did not want to be late for. As Jack Powell got the first of his two goals in the fourth minute. This joy for The Stones lasted less than a minute as Jake Cassidy levelled it for the home team. But in the 40th minute Powell got his and Maidstone's second which was enough to secure the three points.
For The Shaymen three points on Tuesday night will provide breathing space of five points to the relegation zone. Having only lost one out of their last five the defence is still going strong for Town. Which will be a major problem for The Stones as they have the joint second the worst goal scoring record with only 28 goals tied with Barnet. With this record The Shaymen will be confident of picking up the three points, a feeling Town haven't felt since a Boxing Day away win at Harrogate Town thanks to a late Dayle Southwell winner.
The game takes place on Tuesday 19th February away at Maidstone. If you are unable to make the journey down to Kent, you can listen to live commentary from the ground on Shaymen Audio for a 7:45pm kick off.