Faith overcomes the world firstly, by receiving into the heart God's infallible testimony of the world. He declares that "the world" is a corrupt, evanescent, hostile thing, which shall soon be destroyed by Him. His Holy Word teaches that the world is "evil" (Galatians 1:4); that "all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father--but is of the world" (1 John 2:16); that "the whole world lies in wickedness" (1 John 5:19) and shall yet be "burned up" (2 Peter 3:10). As faith accepts God's verdict of the world, the mind is spiritually enlightened; and its possessor views it as a worthless, dangerous, and detestable thing!
Faith overcomes the world secondly, by obeying the Divine commands concerning it. God has bidden us, "Do not be conformed to this world" (Romans 12:2); "Do not love the world, nor the things that are in the world" (1 John 2:15); and warns us that "Anyone who chooses to be a friend of the world, becomes an enemy of God." (James 4:4). By heeding the Divine precepts, its magic spell over the heart is broken.
Faith overcomes the world thirdly, by occupying the soul with more glorious, soul-delighting and satisfying objects. The more the substance of spiritual realities engages the heart--the less hold will the shadows of the world have upon it. "For he was looking forward to the city with foundations, whose architect and builder is God" (Hebrews 11:10).
Faith overcomes the world fourthly, by drawing out the heart unto Christ. As it was by fleeing to Him for refuge, that the soul was first delivered from the power and thraldom of this world--so it is throughout the Christian life. The more we cultivate real communion with Christ--the less attraction will the baubles of this world have for us! The strength of temptation lies entirely in the bent of our affections, "for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also" (Matthew 6:21). While Christ is beheld as "the chief among ten thousand" (Song 5:10) and as "altogether lovely" (Song 5:16) --the things which charm the poor worldling, will repel us.
Here--then, we have a sure criterion by which we may determine our Christian progress or spiritual growth. If the things of this world have a decreasing power over me--then my faith is becoming stronger. If I am holding more lightly the things most prized by the ungodly--then I must be increasing in an experimental and soul-satisfying knowledge of Christ. If I am less cast down when some of the riches and comforts of this world are taken from me--then that is evidence they have less hold upon me.


text:
Als Gravitationslinseneffekt wird in der Astronomie die Ablenkung von Licht durch große Massen bezeichnet. Der Name rührt her von der Analogie zu optischen Linsen und der wirkenden Kraft Gravitation.

Grundsätzlich wird dabei das Licht einer entfernten Quelle wie eines Sterns, einer Galaxie oder eines anderen astronomischen Objekts durch ein vom Betrachter gesehen davorliegendes Objekt, die Gravitationslinse, beeinflusst.

Lichtstrahlen, die von einer Gravitationslinse abgelenkt werden, werden umso stärker zur Masse hin abgelenkt, je näher sie an der ablenkenden Masse vorbeilaufen. Eine Gravitationslinse konzentriert das Licht, das an der ablenkenden Masse vorbeiläuft, auf die Achse zwischen Objekt und Beobachter. In verschiedenen Abständen am Objekt vorbeilaufende Lichtstrahlen schneiden aber die Achse in verschiedenen Entfernungen. Infolgedessen kann eine Gravitationslinse im Sinne der abbildenden Optik kein reelles Bild erzeugen. Die stattdessen erzeugte Lichtverteilung ist eine Kaustik.

Im Gravitationsfeld der Gravitationslinse ändert sich die Ausbreitungsrichtung des Lichtes, sodass die Position der Quelle am Himmel verschoben erscheint. Auch kann ihr Bild dabei verstärkt, verzerrt oder sogar vervielfältigt werden. Nach dem Odd-Number-Theorem tritt dabei immer eine ungerade Anzahl von Bildern auf. Allerdings können dabei einige Bilder auch so stark abgeschwächt sein, dass nur eine gerade Anzahl beobachtbar ist.

Je nach Masse und Form (Massenverteilung) der beteiligten Objekte und ihrer Lage zueinander kann der Effekt unterschiedlich stark ausfallen, von spektakulär verzerrten Mehrfachbildern bis hin zu nur leichten Helligkeitsänderungen, sodass man vom Starken Gravitationslinseneffekt, vom Schwachen Gravitationslinseneffekt und vom Mikrolinseneffekt spricht. Ein Spezialfall des Gravitationslinseneffekts ist die Kosmische Scherung.

Bereits Isaac Newton vermutete 1704 in den berühmten Queries Nr. 1 seines Werkes Opticks die gravitative Lichtablenkung. Die erste quantitative Überlegung dazu gab es um 1800, sie wurde aber erstmals 1915/16 von Albert Einstein mit seiner Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie korrekt beschrieben. Nach ersten Beobachtungen an der Sonne 1919 und einigen theoretischen Arbeiten gelangen jedoch erst ab 1979 dank verbesserter Beobachtungstechniken Beobachtungen weiterer Gravitationslinsen. Seitdem hat sich der Gravitationslinseneffekt zu einem vielfältigen Gebiet der Beobachtenden Astronomie und auch zu einem Werkzeug für andere Felder wie die Kosmologie entwickelt.

Geschichte

Die erste gezielte experimentelle Überprüfung der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (ART), die in der Öffentlichkeit großes Aufsehen erregte und diese Theorie berühmt machte, wurde 1919 durchgeführt. Sie überprüfte die Voraussage der ART, dass Licht, wie jede elektromagnetische Strahlung, in einem Gravitationsfeld abgelenkt wird. Dabei wurde die Sonnenfinsternis vom 29. Mai 1919 ausgenutzt, um die scheinbare Verschiebung der Position eines Sternes nahe der Sonnenscheibe zu messen, da hier der Effekt am stärksten sein sollte. Die Voraussage der Einstein'schen Theorie, dass Sternenlicht, das auf seinem Weg zur Erde den Rand der Sonnenscheibe streift, um 1,75 Bogensekunden abgelenkt werden sollte, wurde bei dieser ursprünglichen Messung mit einer Abweichung von 20 % bestätigt.

Klassisch, d. h. mit Hilfe der Newtonschen Gravitationstheorie, oder mithilfe der speziellen Relativitätstheorie berechnet, wäre der Effekt nur halb so groß, da sich nur die Zeitkoordinate und nicht die Raumkoordinate ändert. Die aus der Newtonschen Gravitationstheorie folgende Ablenkung von 0,83 Bogensekunden war bereits im März 1801 von Johann Georg von Soldner berechnet worden.

Ähnliche Messungen wurden später mit verbesserten Instrumenten durchgeführt. In den 1960ern wurden die Positionen von Quasaren vermessen, womit eine Genauigkeit von 1,5 % erreicht wurde, während ähnliche Messungen mit dem VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) später die Genauigkeit auf 0,2 % steigerten. Auch wurden die Positionen von 100.000 Sternen durch den ESA-Satelliten Hipparcos vermessen, womit die Voraussagen der ART auf 0,1 % genau überprüft werden konnten. Die ESA-Raumsonde Gaia, welche am 19. Dezember 2013 gestartet wurde, soll die Position von über einer Milliarde Sterne vermessen und damit die Raumkrümmung noch exakter bestimmen.

Phänomenologie

Prinzip

Objekte mit einer sehr großen Masse lenken elektromagnetische Wellen in eine andere Richtung. Dementsprechend wird das Abbild des Hintergrundobjektes verlagert, verzerrt und möglicherweise vervielfacht.

Eine besondere Erscheinungsform ist der Mikrolinseneffekt (). Hier ist die Ablenkung so geringfügig, dass sie nicht als räumliche Verlagerung registriert wird, sondern sich als vorübergehender Helligkeitsanstieg bemerkbar macht.

Die Wirkung beruht in jedem Falle auf der durch Albert Einstein in seiner allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie als Wirkung der Gravitation auf die Raumzeit beschriebenen Krümmung des Raumes durch massehaltige Objekte oder Energie.

Dieser Effekt kann bei einer totalen Sonnenfinsternis an Sternen nachgewiesen werden, die sehr nah an der Blickrichtung zur Sonne liegen und durch diese sonst überstrahlt werden: Die Position dieser Sterne erscheint dann geringfügig von der Sonne weg verschoben. Die entsprechende Beobachtung durch Arthur Eddington lieferte 1919 die erste experimentelle Bestätigung der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Einstein hielt es für möglich, aber kaum wahrscheinlich, dass man bei geeigneten Bedingungen Mehrfachabbildungen desselben Objektes wahrnehmen könne. Er dachte jedoch nur an Sterne als Auslöser dieses Effektes; 1937 untersuchte Fritz Zwicky die Auswirkung, die eine Galaxie als Gravitationslinse haben kann. 1963 erkannten Yu. G. Klimov, S. Liebes und Sjur Refsdal unabhängig, dass dann Quasare ideale Lichtquellen für diesen Effekt darstellen.

Starker Gravitationslinseneffekt

Um eine Gravitationslinse im üblichen, also astronomischen Sinne zu erhalten, sind normalerweise die extrem intensiven Gravitationsfelder astronomischer Objekte wie Schwarze Löcher, Galaxien oder Galaxienhaufen nötig. Bei diesen ist es möglich, dass eine hinter der Gravitationslinse liegende Lichtquelle nicht nur verschoben erscheint, sondern dass der Beobachter mehrere Bilder sieht. Die erste solche "starke Gravitationslinse" wurde 1979 entdeckt: der "Twin Quasar" Q0957+561. Ein bekanntes Beispiel ist das 1985 entdeckte Einsteinkreuz im Sternbild Pegasus, eine vierfache Abbildung desselben Objekts. Unter bestimmten Umständen erscheint das Objekt hinter der Gravitationslinse als geschlossene Line in Form eines Einsteinrings.

Die erste Gravitationslinse, die nicht aus einer einzelnen Galaxie, sondern einem Galaxienhaufen (Abell 370) besteht, wurde im Jahre 1987 unabhängig voneinander von Genevieve Soucail, Yannick Mellier und anderen in Toulouse und von Vahé Petrosian und Roger Lynds in den USA als solche erkannt.

Schwacher Gravitationslinseneffekt
Bei schwachen Verzerrungen – aufgrund eines schwachen oder weit entfernten Gravitationsfeldes – sind die Auswirkungen der Gravitationslinse nicht direkt ersichtlich, da die eigentliche Form der Objekte hinter der Gravitationslinse nicht bekannt ist. In diesem Fall ist die Bestimmung des Gravitationsfeldes dennoch durch statistische Methoden möglich, indem Form und Orientierung vieler der im Hintergrund vorhandenen Galaxien untersucht werden. Hierbei geht man davon aus, dass die Orientierung der Galaxien im Hintergrund ohne eine Gravitationslinse zufällig wäre. Mit Gravitationslinse erhält man eine Scherung des Hintergrundes, sodass Galaxien häufiger entlang eines Rings um Regionen mit starkem Gravitationsfeld ausgerichtet erscheinen. Hieraus kann die Massenverteilung bestimmt werden, welche den Linseneffekt hervorruft.

Da dieser Effekt klein ist, muss für eine ausreichende statistische Signifikanz eine große Anzahl von Galaxien untersucht werden. Des Weiteren ist eine Reihe von möglichen systematischen Fehlern zu berücksichtigen. Hierzu zählen die intrinsische Form von Galaxien, die Punktspreizfunktion der verwendeten Kamera, Abbildungsfehler des Teleskops sowie unter Umständen die Luftunruhe der Erdatmosphäre, welche ebenfalls zu einer Verzerrung des Bildes führen kann.

Mikrolinseneffekt
 Hauptartikel: Mikrolinseneffekt

Anders als von Einstein angenommen (siehe oben), können auch die Effekte, die ein einzelner Stern auf die Strahlung eines Hintergrundobjektes ausübt, beobachtet werden. So hat man eine Reihe von MACHOs nachgewiesen, weil ein Einzelstern das Licht eines dahinterliegenden, wesentlich schwächeren Objektes gebündelt und so (kurzzeitig) verstärkt hat. Auch extrasolare Planeten konnten mit diesem Effekt nachgewiesen werden.

Anwendungen
Wenn eine Gravitationslinse (aus der Sicht des irdischen Beobachters) das Licht des Hintergrundobjektes bündelt, können Objekte untersucht werden, die ansonsten wegen ihrer geringen scheinbaren Helligkeit nicht registriert werden könnten. Damit ist es möglich, Galaxien in großer Entfernung und damit in sehr frühen Epochen der Entwicklung des Kosmos zu beobachten.

Außerdem liefert die Verteilung der Strahlung in der Bildebene die Möglichkeit, Eigenschaften (Masse und Massenverteilung) der Gravitationslinse selbst zu untersuchen. Dabei erhält man die Gesamtmasse direkt, ohne auf Unterstellungen hinsichtlich des Anteils der Dunklen Materie zurückgreifen zu müssen.

Statistische Auswertungen von Gravitationslinsenbildern können genutzt werden, Parameter wie etwa die Kosmologische Konstante oder die Materiedichte des gesamten Universums einzugrenzen. Auch die Hubble-Konstante kann unter Umständen mittels Gravitationslinsen näher bestimmt werden, wie Sjur Refsdal bereits 1964 vorhersagte. Forscher der Universität Zürich und der USA haben damit das Alter des Universums mit großer Genauigkeit auf nunmehr 13,5 Milliarden Jahre bestimmt.

Auch auf den Gravitationslinseneffekt geht zurück, dass das mittels des Panoramic Survey Telescope And Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS/Hawaii) 2010 von japanischen Astronomen entdeckte Objekt PS1-10afx als eine vor neun Milliarden Jahren explodierte Hypernova angesehen wurde, die aber einer Supernova vom Typ Ia ähnelte, jedoch dafür viel zu hell erschien. Als dann 2013 in dieser Region eine schwach leuchtende Galaxie im Vordergrund auffiel, die von der exakt dahinter liegenden, helleren Supernova zuvor überstrahlt worden war, wurde klar, dass das bei der Explosion abgestrahlte Licht in Richtung der Erde durch diese Galaxien-Gravitationslinse gebündelt worden war und die Supernova dadurch 30-fach heller als ohne Lupen-Effekt erschienen war. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen gehen Astronomen jetzt davon aus, dass künftig weitere derartige Objekte entdeckt werden, weil es als wahrscheinlich gilt, dass mit zunehmender Entfernung – irgendwo auf dem Weg der Supernova-Strahlung bis zur Erde – es zu einem Gravitationslinseneffekt kommen kann.

Im Extremfall kann die Gravitation einer Galaxie eine extreme Vergrößerung erzeugen. Dadurch konnte zum Beispiel der mit 9 Milliarden Lichtjahren am weitesten entfernte Stern MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 entdeckt werden (Stand 2018).

Eine Ausnutzung der solaren Gravitationslinse wurde bereits in den 1970er Jahren diskutiert. Dies wäre möglich bei Stationierung eines Weltraumteleskops in einer Entfernung von 550 AE von der Sonne. Dort wäre ein Vergrößerungsfaktor von 100 Millionen möglich und könnte theoretisch Strukturen bis herunter zu 25 km auf Exoplaneten auflösen. Vorschläge zur Realisierung solcher Teleskope wurden gemacht, z. B. mit einem Antrieb durch Sonnensegel.

Literatur
 Peter Schneider, Jürgen Ehlers, Emilio E. Falco: Gravitational Lenses. Springer, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-540-66506-4.

 Frédéric Courbin u. a.: Gravitational lensing – an astrophysical tool. Springer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-540-44355-X.
 Peter Schneider, Chris Kochanek, Joachim Wambsganß: Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro. Saas Fee Advanced Course (33, 2003: Les Diablerets), Georges Meylan, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Astrophysik und Astronomie (Hrsg.). Überarbeitete Ausgabe. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 2006, ISBN 3-540-30309-X.
 Tommaso Treu, Philip J. Marshall, Douglas Clowe: Resource Letter: Gravitational Lensing.  (Übersicht über Fach- und Allgemeinliteratur zum Thema Gravitationslinsen)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Astrophysikalischer Prozess
Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Primary Treehouse: Have you seen these pencil sharpeners?
Have you seen these pencil sharpeners?
I am sure that by now you have seen these amazing pencil sharpeners, but I am here to let you know that all the "buzz" is true!! I have been hearing about these across blogs, Pinterest, Facebook... everywhere. I wanted so badly to try one and see if it really was all of the hype. I had my trusty electric pencil sharpener, did I really need this one? The answer is YES YES YES!!
As I am sure that you know, these do not work! Yet, the kids are always obsessed with it? How is that? They eat up the pencils and half of the time, only one side of the pencil is actually sharpened.
As a result, I went out and purchased this bad boy!
I have always loved this pencil sharpener. It is fast, always sharpens pencils well, and is durable. The downfall, it is super expensive. Since it is so expensive and I don't want the motor to die, I do not allow my students to use it. That means that every morning I have to stand by the pencil sharpener and sharpen pencils for all 25 of my kids. This is not my idea of fun, especially when I am collecting money and notes, organizing lunch counts, answering phone calls, etc.
Well, not any more!! I picked up this fabulous pencil sharpener from Classroom Friendly Supplies. This is a teacher owned company so you know it has to work! They have sharpeners available in so many different colors and they are only $25!
This is a pencil sharpener that my students can work and it gets pencils sharper than any electric sharpener I have owned!
1. Squeeze the black knobs and pull out.
2. Squeeze the black knobs and put the pencil in. When you release the black knobs it will grip the pencil for you. The kids don't have to hold the pencil!
3. As you sharpen, it goes back in. When it goes all the way back in, your pencil is done!! A great visual for students!
I also love how small and compact it is. It will fit anywhere without taking up all of the space that an electric pencil sharpener does!
Be sure to head over and check out these pencil sharpeners. They truly are worth it!
I LOVE this pencil sharpener! I don't know how I survived so long without it!
I have two of those pencil sharpeners in my classroom, and I love them!!
Dollar Days Sale and a Giveaway!!


text:
Protein factors tie the genome up in a bow for gene expression
by Jackson Laboratory
A depiction of the double helical structure of DNA. Its four coding units (A, T, C, G) are color-coded in pink, orange, purple and yellow. Credit: NHGRI
Protein factors are responsible for organizing chromosomes inside the nucleus in three dimensions (3D), forming a shape like a gift bow, with proteins aggregating as the central 'knot' holding the ribbon-like loops of DNA when genes are organized for proper expression, or a tangled mess in the presence of certain mutations.
These findings, published in Cell, result from research by an international team of collaborators led by Jackson Laboratory Professor, Florine Deschenes Roux Chair and Director of Genome Sciences Yijun Ruan, Ph.D., exploring the 3D genome architecture in the nucleus and its relationship to gene regulation and diseases.
"The significance of this paper lies in our advanced 3D genome mapping strategy," Ruan comments, "which allowed us to reveal, for the first time, the higher-order and detailed topological structures of the human genome mediated by CTCF and cohesin, and the relation to gene transcription regulation carried out by RNA polymerase II. This publication is also timely adding new excitement to the recently initiated 4D Nucleome program by NIH."
Using advanced 3D genome mapping technologies, 3D genome simulation and super-resolution microscopy, the researchers identified the topological framework mediated by chromatin proteins (CTCF and cohesin), in which genes are organized and transcribed at the chromosomal level. They found that the protein-bound knots were located along the chromosome axis, with the DNA loops extending out from the transcriptionally inactive chromosome cores. This is the first observation of the barrier between genes being actively read and those that are not.
They also determined that the CTCF/cohesin-mediated genome organization is not random. For instance, 'housekeeping genes' (those essential genes commonly expressed in all cell types) were often found near the protein-bound knots, whereas cell-specific genes were more commonly positioned in the extended DNA loops. Mechanistically, depending on the specific needs of a cell, transcriptional proteins selectively draw certain genes on those loops close to the protein knots for cell-specific expression.
Moreover, they uncovered a potential mechanistic link between genetic mutations and their associated disease. A single nucleotide mutation associated with asthma and autoimmune disease in people of European ancestry disrupted CTCF-DNA binding, the topology of the DNA looping and subsequent transcription of the surrounding genes, resulting in a messy tangle of DNA instead of a neat bow. Thus, protein-DNA binding data may prove useful for determining which specific nucleotide changes in the human genome, through altering genome topology, are responsible for driving disease.
Journal information: Cell
Provided by Jackson Laboratory
Special chromosomal structures control key genes
Novel mutational process targeting gene regulatory elements discovered
Grant establishes center for 3-D structure and physics of the genome at UMMS
Scientists map the human loop-ome, revealing a new form of genetic regulation
New mechanisms of self-organization in living cells
Cellular factors that shape the 3-D landscape of the genome identified
Cancer microbiome reveals which bacteria live in tumors
Bacteria carried by mosquitoes may protect them against pesticides

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


RIF Token (RIF) is a cryptocurrency token and operates on the RSK Smart Bitcoin platform. RIF Token has a current supply of 1,000,000,000 RIF with 396,986,953 RIF in circulation. The last known price of RIF Token is 0.082913 USD and is down 4.67% over the last 24 hours. It is currently trading on 8 active market(s) with 306,013 USD traded over the last 24 hours. More information can be found at https://www.rifos.org/.


In a not particularly quiet fashion, Glowbal Group has become an unstoppable force in the Vancouver culinary scene. Whether they're dishing up oysters at Coast or serving massive steaks at Black+Blue, they're covering the full gamut of upscale casual dining. This doesn't mean you need to bust your budget to have a good time either, as evidenced by the Tuesday pasta special at Trattoria Italian Kitchen.
As you may recall, we went over to the location in Kitsilano for brunch earlier this year. This past week, we went to the newest Trattoria location over in Burnaby, across from Crystal Mall on Kingsway, to indulge in what they've come to brand as Tratt Tuesdays. Every signature pasta dish on the menu (with the noted exception of the lasagna for two and the mixed pasta platter) is $12 every Tuesday.
The interior design of the Burnaby Trattoria Italian Kitchen is quite different from the one in Kits. There is a large circular bar in the middle of the room; the "front" half of the circle is the actual bar, while the "back" half is where you'll find the meat slicer used in tandem with the pizza oven in the center. There's seating all around, plus an upstairs area. The restaurant was actually smaller than I had expected, given its appearance on the outside of the new building.
As is par for the course, Trattoria features a number of cocktails on its bar menu, in addition to the usual array of beer and wine choices. I opted for a cucumber and basil smash, a light and refreshing gin cocktail. It's similar to a mojito, but not nearly as sugary.
The $18.95 you see above is the regular price for this pasta dish, but as mentioned, all pasta dishes are $12 on Tratt Tuesdays. You don't see radiatori on very many menus, so this was a delightful departure from the norm. I liked the textural element that this pasta brings to the dish. The capers, though not very visually apparent, dominated the flavor profile of each bite. The portion was decidedly on the small side too.
The portion size for the pappardelle was much the same, even smaller than the modest size we got at Ask for Luigi. The pasta was cooked al dente and the short ribs really provide a healthy dose of umami for a savory and satisfying bite. I just wish there was much more of it. That said, the pasta came really quickly — probably less than 10 minutes — giving me the impression that it may have been almost completely prepared in advance.
Since we were still hungry after our pasta, we decided to indulge in a little dessert. These Italian style doughnuts came highly recommended and they really do live up to the hype. There's a light powder dusting over top, but the warm, gooey chocolate inside is what makes these Timbit-like doughnuts such an indulgent treat. Paired with the creme anglaise, they're the perfect comforting conclusion to a comforting pasta dinner.
Given the portion sizes, I'm not totally convinced I would come back to Trattoria Italian Kitchen for full price pasta (though the table next to us ordered the spaghetti and meatballs and that looked much more substantial). For $12 a plate, though, you really can't complain all that much and it'd likely be a little more suitable for lunch… or maybe next time we'll order three pastas between the two of us.
The total bill, including taxes and gratuity, came to a little over $50.
NextWhat's Up Wednesdays: Where Is Rey?


Throughout 2017, we'll present quarterly workshops focusing on translating metrics into action. We hope that you're able to join us for these events!
Through recent research, work-life flexibility has emerged a key element of defining success for men and women in large and small firms. Flexibility is likely the most important, and easiest concrete measure firms can implement. This course will show both the how and why flexibility is essential to retain talent.


Despite hawking diet pills that don't work and dispensing what some experts say is problematic medical advice, "The Dr. Oz Show" host will be appointed to the council.
Some famous faces—and questionable reputations—are joining President Donald Trump's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition.
On Friday afternoon, Trump announced that he plans to appoint New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick and Dr. Mehmet Oz to his council. Belichick is a known Trump supporter, and Dr. Oz is most famous for his daytime talk show, The Dr. Oz Show.
Belichick, Oz, and 18 others—including an NBC executive, the chief executive officer of SlimFast, and a Boys & Girls Clubs of America executive—will be appointed to the president's council "for a term of two years," according to a White House release.
Oz, an Ivy League-educated cardiac surgeon, rose to fame after being a frequent guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show, for whom he dispensed medical advice. He also penned the book You: The Owner's Manual, along with various other spin-off books.
But the content of his Emmy-winning talk show has been questioned by medical professionals. Researchers found that "nearly 4 in 10 of the assertions made on the hit show appear to be made on the basis of no evidence at all," according to The Los Angeles Times. Of the evidence that was based on medical fact, 32 percent was deemed to be "general medical advice," while 25 percent focused on diet, and 18 percent focused on weight loss.
In 2015, 10 physicians called for Columbia University to boot Oz from his role as a "senior administrative position in the Department of Surgery" at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, according to NBC News.
Dr. Oz responded to his critics, insisting that The Dr. Oz Show was "not a medical show" in a 2015 interview with NBC News. He stated that the purpose of his show is "not to talk about medicine," while admitting "there are segments that I made that I wish I could take back." Despite the letter, Dr. Oz remains employed at Columbia.
Congress has also taken aim at the miraculous weight-loss solutions Dr. Oz has prominently featured on his show. The Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation subcommittee invited Oz to testify "on the danger of over-the-counter diet pills," but grilled him on the "miracle" methods and products he's hawked, The Washington Post reported.
"I've been supporting children's health programs with @HealthCorps and appreciate the need to improve lifestyle opportunities for our youth," he said.


text:
Markus Patberg
This article belongs to the debate » Constituent Power: A Symposium
Dealing with a Complex Family Tree
Reflections on Lucia Rubinelli's "Constituent Power: A History"
Among the recent publications on constituent power, Lucia Rubinelli's new book stands out. In a rapidly growing field characterised by conceptual innovations that apply the idea of constituent power to ever more areas of politics and law, Constituent Power: A History positions itself with an analytically impressive reconstruction of the uses of the term in the history of political thought. In a way, Rubinelli takes a meta-perspective on debates about constituent power. Instead of simply presenting a history of the concept, her goal is to show how other histories – or, more precisely, theories of constituent power based on such genealogies – are selective in nature and obscure many of the iterations of meaning constituent power has seen since its first invocations. Rubinelli takes issue with the work of contemporary theorists, who, according to her, streamline the history of constituent power in order to defend their own preferred view as a logical continuation of the family tree.
In these brief remarks, I reflect on Rubinelli's interpretation and critique of what is going on in contemporary theoretical debates about constituent power. What I want to argue is that while her reconstruction of classical positions is highly illuminating and takes our understanding of constituent power's complex history to a new level, we risk underestimating the ideas in play if we regard them, as Rubinelli suggests we should, as "contingent" (p. 29) and therefore equally valid. Theoretical debates about constituent power are not just attempts to fix a preferred meaning, possibly with reference to a skewed genealogy, but reflect the systematic search for the most plausible conceptualization and the superior normative elaboration of the idea. In this context, a selective recourse to the history of political thought can be methodologically justified as a way to carve out the key features of a particular model of constituent power – which then needs to be argued for on independent grounds.
In Search of the "Correct Meaning" of Constituent Power
Rubinelli looks at contemporary conceptualizations of constituent power, including the normative theories that build on them, through the eyes of a historian of political thought. More precisely, she interprets them as being grounded in particular genealogies – in her words, they are attempts "to prove the correct meaning of constituent power" with reference to its use over time (p. 14). I fully support the aim of doing justice to the various historical uses of the concept, but I wonder whether this is the most charitable reading of today's theoretical debates about constituent power and the one that allows us best to make sense of them. Rubinelli is critical of the fact that contemporary theorists "are not willing to concede that each [of their views] can be equally valid" (p. 14).
In current debates, we find competing normative theories in which the concept of constituent power – or a particular conception of it – plays a key role. Rubinelli seems to suggest that any attempt to prove any of these positions as superior is futile because they are all grounded in selective genealogies. The implication seems to be that because the concept of constituent power has been used in various ways throughout its history, normative theories based on it reveal little more than the author's personal taste or political standpoint.
This strikes me as a form of relativism, which I would like to resist and which I think does not necessarily follow from Rubinelli's findings about constituent power's historical iterations of meaning. There is a difference between the methodologies of history of political thought on the one hand and normative political theory (as well as constitutional theory) on the other. It is true of all core concepts of political theory – freedom, justice, democracy, etc. – that they are contested and that they have been used in different ways historically. Yet, we assume that progress in the normative theorizing of these ideas is possible, even if the most plausible account may in part depend on the social and political context to which it is meant to be applied.
What I want to suggest is that when contemporary theorists of constituent power appeal to the concept's history, and do so selectively, this is usually not in order to ground their normative claims (to fabricate evidence for them, one might say polemically), but to carve out a particular model for which they then provide (or at least should provide) independent arguments. The recourse to particular classics, but not others, serves to develop a clear position which can then enter into competition with others. If we were not concerned with the search for the most plausible understanding of constituent power, and if there were nothing at stake, what would be the point of our theoretical debates?
On the Separation of Constituent and Constituted Powers
I would like to illustrate my point by taking a stance on the model of constituent power advanced in post-World War II Europe by Mortati, Vedel, and Böckenförde – as Rubinelli reconstructs it in Chapter 4. According to Rubinelli, in the work of these authors, constituent power describes not only the democratic source of the constitution, but "becomes a tool to promote popular participation inside the constitutional state" (p. 151; emphasis added). In the case of Mortati and Vedel, this not only means that constituent power includes capacities of constitutional change, but that is has a role to play in ordinary politics – that there is the need for strong popular participation in day-to-day decision-making. Mortati calls for forms of direct democracy, such as a right for citizens to initiate law-making processes, and suggests that political parties may be a vehicle for constituent power – a notion which, by the way, has recently been revived in debates about constituent power in the European Union. Vedel primarily argues for a decentralization of the state, assuming that shifting the locus of politics from the national to the local level would open up possibilities for popular participation – again, through instruments of direct democracy.
In order to defend the view that constituent power implies the need for strong popular participation in ordinary politics, these authors have to downplay the importance of the distinction between constituent and constituted power. As Rubinelli explains with regard to Vedel, "the rigidity of this distinction" is seen as "an attempt to keep constituent power at bay and prevent its participation in actual politics" (p. 174). Let me provide a critique of this view in order to show that there is indeed a lot at stake in theoretical debates about constituent power and that we should operate on the assumption that some models can prove superior to others in the sense that better arguments can be made in their support.
As Rubinelli explains in Chapter 1, Sieyès's distinction between pouvoir constituant and pouvoir constitué implies a vertical separation of powers. As Sieyès puts it: "No type of delegated power can modify the conditions of its delegation. […] Thus, all the parts of a government are answerable to and, in the last analysis, dependent upon the nation". To explain why this idea is of crucial importance we can turn to another thinker from post-World War II Europe – namely, the Frankfurt political theorist Ingeborg Maus. As Maus argues, the "incredible rationality" (unerhörte Rationalität) of the idea of a hierarchical ordering between the citizens as constituent power and the public authorities as constituted powers consists in preventing political institutions from engaging in self-referential competence distribution. The distinction makes clear that public authorities must not be involved in decisions about their own conditions of operation. Political institutions command only those powers that the citizens confer on them and only as long as they do not withdraw them again. By contrast, if we blur the line between constituent and constituted powers, as Mortati and Vedel do, it may allow us to call for a stronger role of citizens in ordinary politics, but it also means that we undermine the idea of a vertical separation of powers and thus open the door for claims of constituted powers to act in the name of the constituent power in the shaping of the political system. What arises is the danger of a self-empowerment of actors with institutional self-interests.
The continuing importance of a clear separation of constituent and constituted powers is evident in current debates about constituent power in supranational contexts such as the European Union. As Rubinelli notes in the conclusion of her book, much of the recent literature revolves around the implications of globalization and pursues the idea of constituent power beyond the state. In a way, Vedel anticipated these debates. As Rubinelli explains, he was critical of European integration as well as certain international treaties such as human rights conventions to the extent that they claim supra-constitutional status, and in this way restrict the people's constituent power (p. 168). Ironically, however, Vedel's willingness to blur the line between constituent and constituted power apparently prevented him from identifying the deeper problem. Ultimately, the issue is not an external restriction on the freedom of citizens, but an internal lack of a vertical separation of powers. As the case of the EU demonstrates, the reason why regional and global integration carry the risk of an increasing loss of citizen control over the organization of public authority is that governments are allowed to act as de facto constituent powers at the supra-state level.
Drawing Selectively on the History of Constituent Power
So, not all ideas of constituent power are equally valid – at least not in the sense that we are unable to determine which are more plausible from a normative point of view. For the reasons just mentioned, it seems clear to me that models of constituent power that insist on a vertical separation of powers are superior to models that blur the line between pouvoir constituant and pouvoir constitué. As Rubinelli notes, despite all the similarities between Böckenförde's views and those of Mortati and Vedel, the former insisted on a clear distinction between constituent and constituted power exactly in order "to prevent improper uses of popular authority by the legislative power and the constituted order" (p. 172). My overall point here is that, because of such differences, it can be methodologically appropriate for contemporary theorists to narrow their historical focus. Rubinelli's book brilliantly traces the complex family tree of constituent power, making a major contribution to the history of political thought. However, for democratic theorists engaging in normative debates about constituent power, it can be useful to engage only with a particular branch in order to carve out the key features of a specific model. Such an approach is unproblematic as long as one does not confuse one's genealogy with an argument supporting the proposed model of constituent power.
SUGGESTED CITATION Patberg, Markus: Dealing with a Complex Family Tree: Reflections on Lucia Rubinelli's "Constituent Power: A History", VerfBlog, 2020/12/20, https://verfassungsblog.de/dealing-with-a-complex-family-tree/, DOI: 10.17176/20201220-172729-0.
Constituent Power, Lucia Rubinelli
Markus Patberg Markus Patberg is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the DFG project "Reclaiming Constituent Power? Emerging Counter-Narratives of EU Constitutionalisation" at the University of Hamburg.


North Shore writer Imre Vallyon has won a major literature prize at the annual nationwide Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust Unpublished Manuscript and Book Awards held on Friday 22 August in Auckland.
Mr Vallyon of Albany won the $10,000 award for Heavens and Hells of the Mind, a four volume work that seeks to find a solution to the problems of humanity by invoking the true spiritual values of life which materialism can not provide. North Shore writer Imre Vallyon has won a major literature prize at the annual nationwide Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust Unpublished Manuscript and Book Awards held on Friday 22 August in Auckland.
Mr Vallyon of Albany won the $10,000 award for Heavens and Hells of the Mind, a four volume work that seeks to find a solution to the problems of humanity by invoking the true spiritual values of life which materialism can not provide.The awards, run in association with the New Zealand Society of Authors, are in their fifth year and recognise excellence in writing in the mind, body, spirit genre.
The judges described Mr Vallyon's work as "a remarkable and exhaustive work on human consciousness and the wisdom of the ages."
New Zealand Society of Authors Programme Manager, Tina Shaw, says awareness of the Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust literature awards continues to grow every year.
"The Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust literature awards offer writers much needed support and encouragement and have become a key event on the New Zealand literary calendar."
"It feels joyous and exhilarating to be named the winner," says Mr Vallyon. "I hope there are many people in the world who are in true sympathy with spiritual values and spiritual energies who want to help to transform our world to be a better place to live in."
The judges for the 2008 awards were Jennifer Eddington, owner of Pathfinder Bookshop; Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust trustee Adonia Wylie; author and editor Stephen Stratford; and convenor of judges, New Zealand author, Richard Webster.
Judge and Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust trustee Adonia Wylie, says the calibre of entries submitted for the awards was very high, which made the judges decision difficult.
"The Trust would like to congratulate Imre on winning the 2008 Book award. His work is an amazing achievement," says Adonia Wylie.
The Ashton Wylie Charitable Trust is the owner of Auckland's Hopetoun Alpha venue and the legacy of the late Ashton Wylie. The Trust was established in 2001 with the main intent of promoting more loving relationships. The Trust's Book and Unpublished Manuscript Awards were established in 2004, in association with the New Zealand Society of Authors, to encourage the expansion of the mind, body and spirit literature genre in New Zealand.


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These are Stephanie's tips for her two week trip to Madrid and Barcelona with her husband and two boys, ages 8 and 10. The trip was focused on good food/wine, cultural activities (museums), and spending time outside.
These are Megan's tips for her week and half long trip in the fall to Lucerne and Lugano in Switzerland then onto Menaggio and Santa Margherita in Lake Como and finishing in Tuscany. She and her husband are in their 30s and from Chicago. Their goals were to relax and eat good food.
These are Jennifer's tips from her trip to Cuba where she spent 4 days in Havana and 2 days in Vinales. Jennifer visited Cube to experience the culture, see the top sites and eat good food. Jennifer travelled with a few friends, aged between 30 and 42 and it was the first Cuba visit for all.
Jenny's tips for Madrid, Barcelona and along the southern coast from Cádiz to Valencia. She's a freelance writer, solo traveller and eternal sun seeker. Her tips are best for a foodie, budget and culture seeking travellers who may not have been to Spain before.
Checkout Joe & Becky's tips on where to stay and not to stay on the Amalfi Coast and tips for getting away from tourists. They're a couple from Boston in their mid-thirties and their goals were to relax, visit museums, & see the top sites.
Checkout Jo's tips on hotels and where to eat and drink in Reykjavik and the South Coast of Iceland. She and her husband are from New York City and wanted to be active, eat good food, see as much as possible.
These are Jake's tips on where to eat from his frequent visits to Paris. He's from Brooklyn, in his early 40s and travels with his girlfriend.
This 5-day Madeira itinerary provides amazing tips on all the best places to visit in Madeira, like off-the-beaten-track hikes, spectacular viewpoints, and amazing meals.
These are tips from Kelly's luxury 8 night trip to Rome and Positano. You'll get tips on great restaurants, hotels and tours.
These are Slava's tips from his 5 day trip to Porto and Douro Valley in Portugal. Slava visited to relax, see the beautiful city and landscape. And of course, eat great food and drink great wine. Slava traveled to Portugal with his now fiance!
These are Amy's tips from her trip to Portugal. Amy spent 2 nights in Lisbon and 6 nights on Sao Miguel island in the Azores. Amy visited Portugal to experience the culture, see the sights, go hiking, eat all the food and drink all the wine.
These are Sam's tips from her trip to Rome, Italy. Sam visited Rome to relax, have some alone time, eat good food and learn some history. Sam spent $450-500 on her lodging. The hotel was fabulous and highly recommended. Sam also loved seeing the city on the back of a Vespa and learning about the Colosseum from PhDs.
These are Jessica's tips from two of her trips to Rome, Italy with friends. Jessica visited Rome each time to experience the culture, sites and food! Jessica discusses here favorite places to eat and streets to wander around. Plus – details on the best neighborhood for nightlife.
These are Jessica's tips from her 3 day trip to Munich, Germany. Jessica visited to experience the culture and see Munich's top sites.
These are Jessica's tips from her 5 day trip to Heidelberg, Germany. Jess visited Heidelberg to experience the culture and food.
These are Jessica's tips from her trip to Palermo in Sicily, Italy. Jess visited Sicily to explore the culture, sites and food. The meal entrees ranged 6 to 14 euros.
These are Jessica's tips from her trip to Trapani and Favignana in Sicily, Italy. Jess visited Sicily to relax and experience the culture. The meals ranged from 12 – 20 euros and my villa apartment was roughly USD 85 a night for a weekend in September.
These are Krista's tips from her 6 day trip to Porto, Douro Valley and the Algarve in Portugal. Krista went with her other half to experience the culture in Porto and Douro Valley and to relax on the beach in the Algarve. The average price of the hotels was 225 euros and the average entree at the restaurants was 20 euros.
These are Lindsay's tips for her 4 day trip to Iceland in April. She's in the food industry, so food was very important as well as taking advantage of Iceland's outdoor activities. The restaurant price point was high and the lodging price point was mid to upper.
Jackie's tips for her 4-day trip to Reykjavik, Iceland in the autumn. She loves music and outdoor activities.
Maura's tips for her 5 day trip to Iceland in the summer with a friend. Their goal was to be active and experience the beauty of the country.
Colleen's tips from her 4 day trip to Iceland in October with her brother and friend. They thought Iceland rocks and did as many activities as possible during their visit.
Betsy's tips for her 11 day trip to Iceland in the summer with 3 other active adults. She visited Iceland to relax, see nature, hike a bit and relax.
Amy's tips for a 4 day trip to Iceland. Her goals were to be active, see beautiful scenery, be adventurous, then take a shower and have a nice meal after.
Catherine tips from her amazing 7-day trip to Sao Miguel island in the Azores in July with her husband. Our goal for the trip was relaxation, hiking, food and wine, and to get off the beaten path.


- Update mlt to 0.9.6 .
- Added BuildRequires of libexif-devel .
- Added BuildRequires of opencv-devel, rfbz #3523 .
- Rebuilt for ffmpeg-2.2 and fix for freetype2 changes.
- Update License tag .
- Fix a changelog date.
- Fix Ruby warning with rpmbuild "Use RbConfig instead of obsolete and deprecated Config".
- Fix build, needed a patch from mlt's git repo.
- disabled xine module for PPC arch.
- Removed "olib" from path, name, etc.


This Tema e Variazioni wall plate is a truly unique piece of art from the world famous Fornasetti brand. Beautifully crafted from porcelain it depicts the face of Piero Fornasetti's favorite muse, opera singer Lina Cavalieri, sticking her tongue out. Classically influenced yet contemporary in style, it is a stunning example of the designer's iconic style & it makes a fabulous gift idea for any occasion. Expertly handcrafted in Italy, each piece has been created using the rigorous techniques deployed in the brand's very first designs made by Piero Fornasetti himself, a tradition which has been revived and continued by his son Barnaba.


getfaceedges_returntype — A composite type that consists of a sequence number and edge number. This is the return type for ST_GetFaceEdges.
A composite type that consists of a sequence number and edge number. This is the return type for ST_GetFaceEdges function.
sequence is an integer: Refers to a topology defined in the topology.topology table which defines the topology schema and srid.
edge is an integer: The identifier of an edge.


Wondering what to do with your typical gabled roof 3 car garage? This rooftop is pretty much all custom. The pergola. manual shades, custom fire-table, dining table, planters, bar and full kitchen. Friends not included. We didn't hold back on making this non usable space into an extension of the home. collaborating with the customer was fun on this one! Custom everything on this one. A pergola with raised Ipe deck plank and 3 adjustable roof panels. Privacy panels at the rear to act as a wind blocker and gives you plenty of privacy. Does it get any better than this?


We deserve this warm weather that is about to happen upon us. It has been a long winter and the white stuff has finally started leaving.
While we wait for the ground to dry, Disc Golf season is only 30ish days away!
Today is the last day for our $50 Deluxe package… https://guestli.st/507063. You'll be paying $10 more for approximately $20 worth of extra goodies.


text:
Cable News FMEG Latest News Spotlight
Polycab Q4 Revenue Rises 43% YoY
May 24, 2021 June 26, 2021 Cables, Financials, FMEG, Polycab, Wires
Polycab India Limited, one of the leading Indian companies engaged in business of wires, cables, and fast-moving electrical goods (FMEG) has announced its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
Polycab's Quarterly Financial Figures
Consolidated Financial Figures for Q4 FY21 v/s Q4 FY20
Polycab's revenue grew sharply by 43% to Rs. 3,037 crore in Q4 FY 21 as compared to Rs. 2,129 crore in same quarter last year. Net profit of the company has also gone up by 32% to Rs. 282 crore in Q4 FY21 from Rs. 220 crore in Q4 FY20.
Consolidated Financial Figures of Q4 FY21 v/s Q3 FY21
Polycab's revenue grew up by 9% in Q4 FY 21, up from Rs. 2,798 crore in Q3 FY 21. Net Profit grew 7% in Q4 FY 21 as compared to Rs. 263 crore from Q3FY21.
Polycab's Performance for Year ended March 31, 2021
Polycab's revenue grew up by 1% YOY at Rs. 8,926 crore in FY21 from Rs. 8,830 crore in FY20. Net Profit was up 16% YoY at Rs. 885 crore in FY21 from Rs. 765 crore in FY20
Polycab's Financial Results Segment-Wise
Polycab's Wires and Cables Business declined 3% YoY to Rs. 7,292 crore in FY21 from Rs. 7,519 crore in FY20. On the other hand, the Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Business grew 24% YoY to Rs. 1,034 crore in FY21 from Rs. 835 crore in FY20
Mr. Inder T Jaisinghani, CMD, Polycab India Ltd.
Commenting on the performance, Mr. Inder T. Jaisinghani, Chairman and Managing Director, Polycab India, said "FY21 has been an extraordinary year marked by disruption, resilience, compassion, and transformation. Our endeavor to ensure safety of Polycabians and help the society at large remains untethered. Concurrently, we also ensured uninterrupted operations through agility and technology which helped us leverage the favorable market trends and report robust business performance in the fourth quarter".
About the company: Polycab is a leading Indian wire, cable and FMEG company. Polycab has over 4,100 plus authorized dealers who in turn supply products to 165,000 plus retail outlets in India. Polycab has 4 regional offices, 50 warehouses and 16 local offices across India. Polycab owns 23 manufacturing facilities at different locations.
← Adani Green Signs to Acquire 100% Stake in SB Energy
UP Jal Nigam Floats Tender for Sewage Treatment Plants in Agra →
NVVN Acquires 5% stake in Power Exchange of India
Union Cabinet Approves Rs. 5,281.94 Cr. Investment in Ratle Hydro Electric Project
Technip Energies Gets NTPC Contract for Hydrogen Plant


So, you own or manage a business. The business must sell its product in order to survive and thrive. Your business has a steady stream of customers, and you have plenty of people on staff. There's only one problem; the people you've hired have little to no sales experience. This is a scenario I have often witnessed, especially in small to mid-sized wellness businesses such as massage, yoga, and fitness franchises.
What do you do? You could fire everyone and start over, but that is both time consuming and expensive. Besides, you have good people and they are great at customer service. They just do not know how, or do not want, to sell.
Sales and salespeople have long endured negative stereotypes. Despite the fact that every product ever created had to be sold, most people still have a negative view of the world of sales. Some of the reasons for this are legit and some are not, but delving into that is not the purpose of this article. The point is that, whenever you set out to sell anything, you must have a strategy for overcoming this preconceived viewpoint.
The good news is that this is not an insurmountable obstacle. If you have hired good people who are open to learning and being coached, then you can definitely break through that barrier and build a highly successful sales team. I know because I, along with my business partner Mandy R. Clark, did exactly that when we were co-managing a massage studio.
How did we do it? We did it by jettisoning typical sales jargon such as scripts, quotas, closing ratios, objections, prospects, and the dreaded role-playing. Understand that we did not stop using these things, we simply reframed them by using different words and techniques.
·We did not refer to people as prospects, they were customers or clients.
·Instead of "pitching" to clients, our team had conversations with clients.
·We did not give our team quotas, we gave them bonus levels.
Besides using different terminology, we coached our team to become consultants. Instead of trying to sell a customer a product (in our case we were selling monthly membership programs), we trained our people to identify the needs of a customer, then help them solve the need by offering the customer different options. Instead of selling, they were educating and offering solutions. If you are experienced in sales then you probably know this is called consultative selling.
It's easy to assume that these simple changes could not possibly make much of an impact. However, not only was the impact significant, it produced record-breaking results. Within three months, closing ratios went from 11% to 30%. In fact, so many memberships were being sold that we began to wonder how we were going to accommodate so many members. The nine year old record of total memberships was blown completely out of the water. Attrition was very low and more than two-hundred members were added in less than a year.
Another wonderful side-effect of this was employee turnover was almost zero. The team was making money, and the business was making money. The atmosphere was positively charged and people looked forward to coming to work. The best part of all was seeing how the lives of our people were being transformed. They accomplished things they had not thought possible. One of those people wrote the forward to our book, THE TOP TEN: LESSONS FOR SUCCESFUL BUSINESS LEADERS AND MANAGERS.
Within these words, so beautifully and honestly expressed, is the key to how this was all possible.
ch served only to trigger negative emotions, and teaching our team to consult with customers instead of selling them, we were able to shift the focus and mindset of the entire team. For the record, the only time there was "kicking and screaming" was before we implemented these changes.
If you have hired good people who are open to learning, you can build them into a sales machine, even if they have never sold anything in their lives. You just have to meet people where they are before you can guide them to where they need to be.


text:
U.S. Marines Return to Afghanistan's Opium Heartland
byBill Weinberg
Photo Courtesy of Wikimedia
U.S. Marines this week returned to the Helmand province, now the epicenter both of Afghanistan's Taliban insurgency and opium production.
Ostensibly, the mission is to train Afghan forces struggling to stem the insurgency, but they certainly have the power to fire if fired upon. Many of the 300 Marines coming to Helmand under NATO's Resolute Support training mission are veterans of previous tours in the province—where almost 1,000 coalition troops (mostly U.S. and British) were killed fighting the Taliban before they pulled out in 2014.
When they left, as part of that year's supposed "withdrawal" of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, they handed over the sprawling desert base they had dubbed Camp Leatherneck to the Afghan army, hoping not to return.
Now, they have.
The reasons are clear. U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis warned of "another tough year" in Afghanistan when he arrived in Kabul last week, Al Jazeera noted. Afghan security forces now control less than 60 percent of the country and are in danger of losing the Helmand province entirely.
The Taliban currently control 10 of the province's 14 districts—their offensive apparently funded by a bumper opium crop. Some 30,000 people were displaced by fighting in the province last year, with most fleeing to provincial capital Lashkar Gah. The city is now itself in danger of being besieged by the Taliban.
Despite the "withdrawal," the U.S. still has about 8,400 troops in Afghanistan—although officially no longer in a combat role. There are another some 5,000 from NATO allies. Gen. John Nicholson, the U.S. commander in Afghanistan, recently called for thousands more to help beat back the fast-rising Taliban insurgency.
And the eastern Nangarhar province—a secondary opium heartland on the Pakistani border—may be following Helmand out of control. Afghan military and police forces are carrying out aggressive opium eradication campaigns there, the local Khaama Press reports. But the situation is complicated by the emergence of an ISIS insurgency. This has seemingly led to a three-way war between government forces, the rival Taliban and ISIS insurgencies.
A clash on Monday between the Taliban and ISIS forces in Nangarhar's Chaparhar district claimed several casualties among both insurgents and local residents, Khaama reported.
Afghanistan's booming opium crop continues to provide a goad for war, and with the U.S. still effectively at war in both Iraq and Syria the quagmire beckons again.
Bill Weinberg
Bill Weinberg is based in New York City.
Senior Citizen Removed from Assisted-Living Facility for Smoking Pot
byChris Roberts
The Importance of Cannabinoids and Pressing Hash
byStoney Tark


text:
Q: Delphi Service Application TStringList LoadFromFile Memory Leak Is there someone in there that can explain why my code causes a memory leakage of 4KB, looking on the TaskManager.  Delphi 2005, service application:
unit uMain;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, SvcMgr, Dialogs,
  ExtCtrls;

type
  TgwDebugService_s = class(TService)
    Timer1: TTimer;
    procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
    procedure ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean);
    procedure ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    function GetServiceController: TServiceController; override;
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  gwDebugService_s: TgwDebugService_s;

implementation

{$R *.DFM}

procedure ServiceController(CtrlCode: DWord); stdcall;
begin
  gwDebugService_s.Controller(CtrlCode);
end;

function TgwDebugService_s.GetServiceController: TServiceController;
begin
  Result := ServiceController;
end;

procedure TgwDebugService_s.ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
begin
  // Service is Fired
  while not Terminated do
    ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(True);// wait for termination

end;

procedure TgwDebugService_s.ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean);
begin
  // Service stops

end;

procedure TgwDebugService_s.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
var
  sl : TStringList;
begin
  Timer1.Enabled := False;
  Sleep(1000);

  sl := TStringList.Create;
  try
    //if FileExists( 'c:\OnlyOnMyPc\test.txt' ) then
    sl.LoadFromFile( 'c:\OnlyOnMyPc\test.txt' );  // remove this line and will be find
    sl.Add( 'Test @ ' + FormatDateTime( 'dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.z', Now ) );
    sl.SaveToFile( 'c:\OnlyOnMyPc\test.txt' );
  finally
    sl.Clear;
    FreeAndNil( sl );
  end;

  Timer1.Enabled := True;

end;

end.

Appreciate your time and your help.
Cheers.
gbp

A: Before looking for leaks in code, you first need to understand if you really have a leak or not. Task Manager shows what Windows knows about your application, and its number needs to be understood in the context of how Windows manages memory - then you have to understand how Delphi manages memory within an application.
To learn how to read Task Manager numbers, I'd suggest you the excellent Mark Russinovich's blog and videos:
http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/TechEd/NorthAmerica/2011/WCL405
He will explain you how actually memory allocation in Windows works (Delphi memory managers then suballocate it, but it still need to use Windows memory allocations calls), and will also explain many of his tools which allows to give a deeper look to many of the inner workings of Windows applications - beyond what FastMM can tell you.
There are also tools called "profilers" that can track memory allocation and deallocations and tell you which code allocates memory and later does't free it.
Otherwise you may chase leaks that actually don't exist...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: function of class definition in source file v.s. inline functions I am refactoring a big legacy source file "big.cpp", which contains several class definitions, used solely in this file. e.g., in big.cpp
class A {
  inline void func1() {
    // bla bla ...
  }
  void func2() {
    // bla bla ...
  }
}

some functions are explicitly with in-line keyword, some are not.
As these classes are only in cpp file, not even in header file, it is quite a mess and not possible to unit test, etc. so I am trying to split it into smaller files, as "a.h", "a.cpp"; Then I have a concern. after refactoring, shall these functions be treated as inline functions or not? e.g., I guess func1() shall be inlined, but what about func2()?
I am afraid, if some former inline functions are changed to non-inline, their performance will be slower, so I have to be careful.

A: If you define a member function inside a class like func2 in your example, the inline is implied.


Radiobiological studies among different laboratories and centers need standardization of radiation dose. Apart from dosimetry to determine the actual absorbed dose in Gray (Gy), due consideration of differences in biological effect is needed at different energies. Relatively high energies (megavoltage of >500 KeV) are the most relevant to both exposures in clinical RT and from nuclear incidents.
The escalating restrictions and costs of using gamma irradiators as imposed by security requirements have, however, prompted the increasing use of orthovoltage X-ray machines in experimental studies.
Reasonable equivalency for a given biological effect per dose is warranted for X-rays to replace gamma-irradiators.


text:
Greater Shenandoah Valley Brain Injury Support Group
The "Hidden Disability"
The Greater Shenandoah Valley Brain Injury Support Group (GSVBISG) was organized in 2003 as a result of brain injury survivors and caregivers needing support and appropriate services. The first support group meeting was held September, 2003.
We offer support to survivors of acquired and traumatic brain injuries and their families. We are actively involved in improving services to the Shenandoah Valley region, while promoting prevention and awareness. GSVBISG has been designated as a 501(c)(3) tax exempt public charity by the Internal Revenue Service. Donations are tax deductible.
Our meetings are open to the public. We welcome anyone who needs or wants to know more about this "hidden disability." We invite you to join us in this very important mission.
We have Case Management Services available, at Crossroads to Brain Injury Recovery (540-568-8923). We also are in need of: Residential Treatment, Community Living Services, Employment, Transportation, and Day/Long-Term Care facilities; Programs/Services, Social/Recreational/Peer Support;Individual/Family Supports, Educational/Awareness Services.
We are creating partnerships for support and assistance to rebuild lives.
Our support group provides relevant speakers, activities, information, and socialization to the members.
We are dedicated to fulfilling our mission.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States, contributing to about 30% of all injury deaths. Every day, 138 people in the United States die from injuries that include TBI. Those who survive a TBI can face effects lasting a few days to disabilities which may last the rest of their lives. Effects of TBI can include impaired thinking or memory, movement, sensation (e.g., vision or hearing), or emotional functioning (e.g., personality changes, depression). These issues not only affect individuals but can have lasting effects on families and communities.
Some Very Basic Information on Brain Injury (English)
Some Very Basic Information on Brain Injury (Spanish)
Harrisonburg Virginia 22801
Phone: 540.421.5610 (Karen)
Our bi-monthly meetings are held at Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community's Village Hall, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Download our new brochure here.
Pizza for our monthly meetings is generously provided by CiCi's Pizza, 2035 East Market Street, Harrisonburg, VA.
At CiCi's we care about our communities and all of the families that make them great. That's why we partner with other organizations that share our values and work hard to give back.
© Greater Shenandoah Valley Brain Injury Support Group


Class action lawsuits are frequently mentioned in the news, but many people do not understand what they entail. At Quantum Legal LLC, we are proud of our reputation as one of the country's top class action litigation firms.
In basic terms, class action litigation involves multiple plaintiffs who have the same complaint against a defendant. All of the individual lawsuits can be combined into a large "class," or single lawsuit. At Quantum Legal LLC, we handle cases related to defective products and deceptive conduct that put many people physically and financially at risk, along with insurance companies that commit fraud by denying coverage to many of their policyholders.
2. How do I join a class action lawsuit?
In many cases, it may be as simple as not opting out of the case. Most importantly, you should discuss your potential claim with our lawyers to decide if you qualify and what your best options are for pursuing relief.
3. What are the benefits of joining a class action lawsuit?
In many cases, you may not be aware that you are part of a class, but you will be entitled to the same compensation as the rest of the class if the case settles or a verdict is rendered. Class action litigation allows you to avoid potentially costly individual litigation in favor of joining together with people who have dealt with the same issues as you.
4. Why shouldn't I just file my own lawsuit?
In some cases this may make sense. However, in many cases, the time and cost of individual litigation may not be worth the final award of compensation. With decades of combined experience in all types of complex litigation, our attorneys can help you determine the best way to proceed with your case.
5. How much compensation will I receive?
Ultimately, depending on the final settlement or judgment, compensation will be divided equally among all of the class members.


The numbers are eye-popping: around 430 million people worldwide have diabetes, and even more remain undiagnosed. Most (95%) suffer from type 2 diabetes, making it one of the most widespread diseases globally. And it's getting worse. With our increasingly sedentary lifestyles, type 2 diabetes is on the rise. Too many people underestimate the egregious effect that diabetes can have on overall health, unaware that it can lead to blindness, heart attacks, kidney failure, nerve damage, depression, leg amputations and more.
With November 14th being World Diabetes Day, our health and nutrition specialists, Kathi and Felix, are on hand to clue you in about one of the most common health conditions worldwide.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin any more. Insulin is used by the body to encourage the cells to absorb glucose from digestible carbohydrates into the bloodstream, but in type 2 diabetes, there is more glucose floating around than the body's insulin can handle. Whereas Type 1 diabetes is an unpreventable autoimmune disease that sufferers tend to have for their entire lives, Type 2 diabetes can often be avoided as it is the result of excess body weight, poor diet and physical inactivity.
Whilst genetic factors can affect the likelihood of a person developing diabetes, most sufferers develop it as a result of their lifestyle choices. Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by amending these lifestyle patterns. The most effective of these is adopting a healthy, balanced diet including plenty of veggies, fruits, slow-digesting carbs, lean protein and healthy fats. This, accompanied by an increase in physical activity, can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Felix explains, clean eating is undoubtedly the most effective route to take in avoiding type 2 diabetes. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that diabetes is relatively rare in east Asian countries where diets are based around vegetables, fish and grains, all sources of nutrients and healthy fats. We could all follow their example; avoiding processed grains and sugars and artificial ingredients reduces glucose levels to a level the body's insulin production can handle, significantly reducing the risk of diabetes. Consuming unprocessed foods keeps your blood sugar levels steady; processed foods can cause spikes in glucose which can, over time, have devastating effects. Avoiding the saturated fats in chocolate, cake and processed foods in favour of the healthier, unsaturated fats in fish, nuts and healthy oils is a simple but effective step to take in altering your diet. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that in people following a healthy, plant-based diet, their chances of developing type 2 diabetes were reduced by 34%.
According to our Nutrition Specialist, Kathi, a clean eater looking to reduce the risk of diabetes should consume frequent, smaller meals throughout the day, preventing erratic blood glucose levels by providing a regular supply of energy. Combining a healthy balanced diet with regular exercise can make all the difference to your chances of developing diabetes. Indeed, studies have shown that exercising just once a week for 60 minutes can reduce the risk of diabetes by 40%.
The Freeletics Nutrition Coach can help you with this; the app focuses on clean eating and the eradication processed and refined foods from your diet. But the app is more than just a means of preventing diabetes, following a healthy, clean diet will improve your training performance, cognitive abilities and overall well-being, so what are you waiting for, download it today!


text:
H4S 2009-2010
Does Science Support Belief In God? - CFI, London. Swinburne vs Philipse
What: Does Science Support Belief In God? - CFI, London. Swinburne vs Philipse
Date: Tuesday May 10th, 7-9pm.
Humanists4Science has added a Meetup. Full Details on CFI UK website.
Posted by crabsallover at 07:01
Labels: CFI, Stephen Law
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Prof. Jim Al-Khalili - 11TH BHA President - On Scientific Method
'I have a rational unshakeable conviction that our universe is understandable, that mysteries are only mysteries because we have yet to figure out, the almost always logical answers. For me there is simply no room, no need, for a supernatural divine being to fill in the gaps in our understanding. We'll get there, we'll fill in those gaps with objective scientific truths: [with] answers that aren't subjective, because of cultural or historical whims or personal biases, but because of empirically testable and reproducible truths. We may not get the full picture, we may never get the full picture, but science allows us to get ever closer.' Jim Al-Khalili, BHA AGM 2013
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Science is the enemy of autocracy because it replaces claims to truth based on authority with those based on evidence and because it depends on the criticism of established ideas. Scientific knowledge is the enemy of dogma and ideologies and makes us more tolerant because it is tentative and provisional and does not deal in certainties. It is the most effective way of learning about the physical world and therefore erodes superstition, ignorance and prejudice, which have been causes of the denial of human rights throughout history. Science is also the enemy of narrow nationalism and tribalism and, like the arts, is one of the activities in this world that is not motivated by greed.
What can compare, for example, with the recent achievement of the Large Hadron Collider, a venture of collaboration by 10,000 scientists and engineers from 113 countries, free from bureaucratic and political interference? Those people put aside all national, political, religious and cultural differences in pursuit of truth and for the one purpose of exploring and understanding the natural world.
Without the contribution of science, which is, in my view, the rock on which atheism and humanism are built, we would be less inclined to be critical, tolerant and understanding and more prone to prejudice, bigotry and tribalism. We would be a less civilised society.
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David Papineau on Materialism
'Our world is a fully material world. We don't need to go outside Physics to understand the constitution of the Universe. Anything non-material would be epiphenomena and could never have any effect on the material world.' David Papineau (video) on Materialism
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'Scientific method is a system whereby working assumptions may be falsified by recourse to reason and evidence.' (Photo: Chris Street, 2006)
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'The scientific method is the only reliable method of achieving knowledge. It displaces ignorance without destroying wonder.'
'Science can deal with all the serious questions that have troubled mankind for millennia' Peter Atkins
'My own faith, my scientific faith, is that there is nothing that the scientific method cannot illuminate and elucidate." Peter Atkins
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'Reason is almost akin to superstition, ... reason must be tested, testing is the very basis of science.'
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'Science is not a catalogue of facts, but a search for new mysteries. Science increases the store of wonder and mystery in the world; it does not erode it.'
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Harry Kroto (BHA Distinguished Supporter) on Scientific Method
'The methods of science are manifestly effective, having made massive humanitarian contributions to society. It is this very effectiveness which the purveyors of mystical philosophies attack, because they recognise in it the chief threat to the belief-based source of their power and financial reward.'
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text:
§ 228-1 License required; exception.
§ 228-2 Issuance of license; fee.
§ 228-3 Application.
§ 228-4 Restrictions.
§ 228-5 Special police protection.
§ 228-6 Suspension of license.
Chapter 228 Amusements
[HISTORY: Adopted by the Common Council of the City of Prescott as Sec. 7-10-1 of the former City Code. Amendments noted where applicable.]
No person shall operate for gain within the City any public amusement or entertainment without a license therefor obtained under this chapter. No license shall be required under this chapter for events conducted under the sole control and supervision of educational, charitable or religious organizations where the entire proceeds of the show or amusement shall be devoted to the purposes of that organization.
§ 228-2 Issuance of license; fee. [1]
The license for a public amusement or entertainment shall be issued by the City Clerk under conditions hereinafter specified after payment of the applicable fee as prescribed in the City's fee schedule.
Information required. Application for a license required by this chapter shall be made to the Clerk on a form furnished by the City and shall contain the following information:
Name, age and residence of applicant or of principal officers if applicant is a corporation or association.
Name, age and residence of person designated as manager of the event by the applicant; and designee's previous places of employment.
Location of premises where the amusement is to be conducted; name and residence of the premises' owner; total area of the premises to be used.
Specific nature of the amusement or show for which a license is being sought.
Inspection required. Applications made under this chapter shall be referred by the Clerk to the Chief of Police and Building Inspector who shall determine by inspection whether the premises sought to be licensed complies with applicable City regulations and standards and is a proper place for the purpose proposed.
No license shall be issued for a public amusement or show if any of the following conditions prevail:
Any of the persons named in the application are not of good moral character;
The proposed location of such amusement or show does not conform to all applicable health and fire regulations;
The premises intended to be licensed for such amusement or show are not a safe and proper place for the purpose;
Any applicant or applicants for a license have had a license issued under provisions of this chapter revoked within two years of the date of application;
The proposed location of such amusement or show is within a residential district;
The applicant has been refused a license within the last six months, unless such applicant can show that the reason for such refusal no longer exists;
The applicant is under 18 years of age; or
There has been no reinspection of the premises for renewal of such a license.
In addition to such license fees as shall be required by § 228-2 above, applicants for public amusement and show licenses shall pay for such special police protection as the City licensing authority may deem necessary to preserve peace and order at the licensed event. Such payment shall be made to the Clerk before issuance of any license.
The Mayor or Chief of Police may, at any time, suspend for not more than 10 days any license granted under these provisions for disorderly conduct on the premises or for the violation by the licensee, his/her agents or employees of any of the rules, regulations, ordinances, or laws of the state or City governing or applying to public peace, safety, morals or general welfare.


Especially for the ladies: don't hesitate to drink lots of water in really hot conditions even though you will have to make frequent potty stops. As a wise man (Paul Ferry) once said "'Tis far, far better to pee than to pass out."
Bring a 12" long scrap of 2x6 lumber to act as a base for your jack when changing tires on soft soil.
Avoid wearing cotton clothing in extreme weather, either hot or cold. Cotton stays wet.
Don't wear heavy lug-soled boots for difficult driving; it's too easy to miss the brake or accelerator.


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