Our C-I-CARE philosophy recognizes the impression our contributions can have on every affected person that comes to Stanford Health Care. Another complication with this kind of juice is that it might develop into very expensive for lots of people. Simply cease and think about this for a second. You need to have a juicer to make it so if you happen to do not have one already you'll need to go out and buy one. Then you must have the entire greens and fruit to make the juice. It might not seem to be so much at first however it should change into very costly after you've got carried out it for a while. There are a lot of people that cease doing this after a short period of time because they aren't able to afford the substances that they need. Then the juicer gets put away and it's by no means used once more.
Typically, the context through which an individual lives is of great significance for each his health status and quality of their life. It is more and more acknowledged that health is maintained and improved not only via the advancement and utility of health science, but in addition by the efforts and clever way of life choices of the person and society. In line with the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health embrace the social and financial surroundings, the bodily environment, and the individual's particular person characteristics and behaviors.
What is health education and what do health educators do? What is the history of this attention-grabbing discipline? This lesson defines health education and goes over lots of its vital facets. The next is an example extract of the type of content material which is able to feature on the useful resource I'm compiling about Ernst. Below is a series of letters written to Anicuta Levin, Ernst's wife, by an outdated buddy called Grete Vester, who was struggling to outlive in war-torn Munich within the immediate aftermath of WWII from 1946-forty seven.
Organisation construction in response to its capabilities – On this case the organisation may have several areas of functionalities like health and housing, health companies, adult companies, kids companies, finance departments, customer companies, Human resources, Data Property, Coaching division, Legal services, Welfare rights companies, business help models, transport providers, tax department and so forth. This type of organisation can be structured primarily based on the totally different features they perform. Every department will have an organisation chart or structure, a few of which can be interlinked and all these buildings will lastly hyperlink together to form the organisational structure.
Girls store excess energy from starchy foods like bread, white potatoes, rice and so forth in the hips and buttocks than any other part of the physique. Energy from these high starchy carbohydrates can be saved as fat in those elements in the event you do not exercise. Reduce the intake of starchy carbohydrates to either one or two in your eating regimen. Many thanks once more for your ongoing commitment and support to the WHO Framework on integrated people-centred health companies. We look forward to persevering with our collaborations with you within the coming months!


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Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists > Lists > Film Lists > 10 Great Films In The Spirit of "Le Samourai"
Posted on February 1, 2021 February 1, 2021 by John Ledingham
The hitman as perfectionist, as ardent professional is a much loved trope in crime fiction and film. Often these characters, even when appearing in only minor antagonistic roles make some of the strongest impressions within a given work, like Max Von Sydow's ultra-pragmatic Joubert from the 1975 Three Days of Condor, an assassin who, working for the same agency out to get Robert Redford's Condor spares him when he has a chance to kill him – it isn't called for, he hasn't a contract specifically out on him.
Joubert's modus operandi is simple: "I don't interest myself in why, more in when, sometimes where, always how much." Unlike the Condor, caught up in a deadly game for his ideals, Joubert finds a peace of mind in his mercenary existence. "No need to believe in either side or any side. There is no cause. Only yourself. The belief is in your own precision." Joubert's concerns are limited only to that which is within his power – his conduct. In a world of chaos and ambiguity he lives by the simple rules of the trade.
And this is the spirit embodied by Alain Delon's protagonist in Jean-Pierre Melville's 1967 Le Samourai. Opening on a (falsified) quote from the Bushido (feudal Japan's samurai code of ethics) comparing the samurai's loneliness to that of the tiger the film places the archetype of the hitman within the tradition of the philosopher-warrior and makes of their moral detachment a kind of stoic virtue and existential position. The commitment to the role as a dissolution of self into object – Sartre's being-for-itself become the in-itself. It presents the killer not as a gruff and gangsterish figure, but a taciturn, ascetic loner. In his silence Jef becomes for the audience a dual image – both the most intimate of audience surrogates – identified completely with his actions in the world, practically a first person narrator – and as an impossibly removed enigma, a character who, in his lack of psychology, offers no internal self at all, and can be as little considered in terms of motivation as emotion.
Following the international acclaim of Le Samourai this trope will begin to emerge more and more often, frequently in a leading role, and regularly referring directly back to Melville's watershed film. Frequently films have borrowed not only character and theme but elements of plot and structure: the car theft, the murder, the rival detective, the sympathetic woman, the police line, the traitorous employer, and the revenge mission.
What these films also share is a slower pace than usual for the crime-thriller, an emphasis on atmosphere, procedure and technique, and, in the strange perspective of their protagonists, an invitation to general formal experimentation not usually found within the genre's focus on a straightforward realism to convey its subject matter – producing many staples of what is now referred to as the arthouse-thriller.
1. Le Samourai (1967)
For director Jean-Pierre Melville Le Samourai was a kind of revelation within his own filmmaking which would leave its mark on the remainder of his work leading up to his death in 1973. A progressive quieting of his protagonists away from the gregarious narration of Bob The Gambler toward the near silence of his professionals in Army of Shadows, The Red Circle, and A Cop, two of three also starring Alain Delon.
The film follows Delon's Jef, an independent hitman working 1960's Paris with the invulnerability and invisibility of a ghost. The film opens on a long segment without dialogue as we observe Jef methodically prepare for a hit set for that night, building his alibi by making appearances across town, stealing a car, having the plates changed and acquiring a gun from an associate with whom he need not even exchange words. Jef has been hired to kill Marty, the owner of an upscale jazz-club for reasons he neither knows nor cares to know. For his airtight alibi and unassuming confidence he is able to walk right into the club and into Marty's office, kill him and walk out, without being seen by any witnesses save for the club pianist Valerie (Cathy Rosier) who for unknown reasons fails to identify him.
François Périer plays opposite Delon as his rival in the law, a man of no less competence but nowhere near the same reserve. The man assigned to Marty's murder he takes his mission personally, Jef in his ability to cheat the law appearing something like an affront to the law's very moral fabric. And as Jef is called in to a police line and questioning which he anyways beats, his employer (Jean-Pierre Posier) decides he has become a liability, and sends an agent (Jacques Leroy) to eliminate him when Jef goes to receive his payment.
Now hunted by both the police – who bug his apartment and conduct a surveillance operation to track his movements across the city – and his employers, Jef's mission becomes one of survival and revenge, and takes him back to the club to see Valerie, who he believes may be more involved than she lets on.
Le Samourai is both a meticulously paced procedural of murder and cover-up and a city-wide cat and mouse game cutting between Jef and the cops and his employers (who increasingly resemble one another), each move deftly counteracting the last, remarkable for its minimalist style and memorable for Delon's icy performance.
2. Point Blank (1967)
John Boorman's Point Blank came out the same year as Le Samourai (there is no evidence director John Boorman ever saw Melville's movie or vice versa) and yet there are striking similarities, not only in the arthouse-thriller form and structure, but even down to inexplicably mirroring shots of the protagonists trodding long white painting-hung halls toward their targets. But this is not to call them the same film.
First Point Blank is an American film, in the very same way as Le Samourai is French. Though reminiscent of the British revenge-thriller Get Carter and from British director John Boorman its script from Richard Stark's hardboiled novel The Hunter and Lee Marvin's portrayal of the protagonist Walker are quintessentially American – blunt and materialistic, bound only to the code of capitalist exchange. Walker is not a man concerned with honor, nor one consumed by revenge. Walker only wants what he is owed. Walker wants his $93,000.
Telling the (seemingly) simple narrative in a profoundly unsimple way, Point Blank follows a job on Alcatraz island, where Walker and his associate Mal Reese (John Vernon) hit a drop of mob money, killing both the bagmen, before Walker is betrayed, shot, and left for dead in an empty cell by Reese who makes off with his money (his $93,000). As if supernaturally aided Walker somehow escapes – it is never explicitly stated how – and makes his way back to the mainland, where with the help of a government agent Yost (Keenan Wynn) and his sister-in-law Chris (Angie Dickinson) he orchestrates a grand plan of attack against Reese, who has, since stealing Walker's money and wife also found his way into high position within a seemingly omniscient crime-syndicate behind as much of the LA underworld as police.
Without having to fire his gun on anyone Walker uses his wits and (sometimes his bare hands) to infiltrate the syndicate's highest reaches, – indirectly causing the death of several syndicate members along the way – in search of Reese and his $93,000 dollars.
3. Blast of Silence (1961)
1961's Blast of Silence, prefiguring both the aforementioned films shows the origins of Le Samourai-type character pre-existing Melville's film, even if coming to become identified with it.
Blast of Silence is the best-remembered film of television director Allen Baron, who wrote, directed, and starred in it. Low-budget, personal, and freeform, the film is narrated like a second person novel, somewhere between a down and dirty, hardboiled New York Pulp and a Jonas Mekas-type beatnik elegy. The hitman, ("you",) Frankie Bono, is a misanthropic outsider and a class act hitman, come home to the neighborhood of his youth on a contract. It is the Christmas season and Frankie Bono looks on the revellers with contempt. Community, charity, celebration, signs of weakness to the hardened killer who can't be bothered with the niceties of a social existence.
The film unfolds as a procedural of Frankie's preparations, trailing his mark the businessman Troiano, finding the right place to hit him, and acquiring the necessary equipment, all while narrating the tricks of the trade and the philosophy of hired psychopath.
But it is the intrusions of Bono's past life, here in his hometown, that threaten to undercut that professional philosophy. An old friend and associate Big Ralph (Shock Corridor's Larry Tucker) ends up causing problems for him, and a childhood sweetheart Lori (Molly McCarthy) threatens to reveal a more emotional and even human side of the killer that would undermine his working detachment and the sense of superiority he claims over the lives of others.
4. The Driver (1978)
From director Walter Hill The Driver is a merger of Le Samourai's moody existentialism with the American car chase films like Bullit (1968) and The French Connection (1971). Ryan O'Neale plays the titular driver, a mostly silent best in town getaway driver for hire known to the cops as 'The Cowboy' and entered into a series of double crossings when his rival in the somewhat buffoonish detective played by Bruce Dern tries to get to him through a gang of bank robbers who have plans of their own.
Lifted straight from Le Samourai, at least initially, comes Isabelle Adjani's character, a gambler and one of a handful of witnesses to the driver's participation in a casino job which, brought to the police lineup, she vehemently denies – expecting in turn, a payoff from the driver, and meanwhile beginning to be hounded by Dern's detective who is certain she must be in touch with Cowboy.
Built around its elaborate driving scenes in which O'Neale nimbly evades cops and chases baddies down through backstreets, alleyways, and crowded industrial yards, it also explores an implicit culture of getaway drivers – past associates the driver has worked two car jobs with, pros and rank amateurs, all flash and attitude in their driving and choice of cars which the driver in his own unassuming rides can easily outrace.
The Driver marks a branching for the influence of Le Samourai away from the figure of the hitman – which is throughout the 70's translated more directly into The Mechanic (1972) and The Day of The Jackal (1973) – to the figure of the driver by way of the same reserve and code of ethics, and would become in its own way highly influential on films like Drive (2011) and through that Edgar Wright's Baby Driver (2017) among others.
5. The Conversation (1970)
Like a variation on the accidental witness theme of Michelangelo Antonioni's Blow-Up that furnishes it with the high tension it deserves, Francis Ford Coppola's masterpiece of suspense The Conversation follows Gene Hackman's Harry Caul, a lonely and paranoid surveillance contractor responsible for the bugging and recording of conversations who believes he has chanced upon a murder plot within his work and feels the responsibility to prevent it.
Caul is more at home with his equipment than people, his only relationship being with a woman (Teri Garr) who he abandons when she begins asking too many questions about his line of work and irrationally fearing she may somehow be involved in a case. Troubled by the many strictures of his Catholicism and the moral contradictions of his job and the world at large, Caul keeps himself to certain tenants of conduct he batters his partner with (John Cazale) not to become personally involved with his work – a rule Caul immediately breaks as the film begins and he becomes obsessed with the young couple (Cindy Williams & Frederic Forrest) he has been hired by an unforthcoming and potentially murderous executive (Robert Duvall) to eavesdrop on.
With a gearhead's attention to analogue detail – the film famously using much of the same equipment used by Nixon associates in the Watergate scandal – and an obsessive's attention to the meaning of gestures and words, The Conversation follows Harry Caul's fall from professional grace as he replays the couple's conversation over and over on tape looking for hidden meaning and eventually trying to stop a murder he believes is in progress.
Le Samourai
9 Great Thought-Provoking Films About Cinema

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Yes, for now it's fine.
Replaces it soon, and only go at low speeds.
There is no "I think" to this issue....."DO NOT RIDE THAT BIKE AGAIN UNTIL YOU REPLACE THAT TIRE; IF YOU PUT ANY VALUE ON YOUR LIFE & THE LIVES OF THOSE AROUND YOU". You're playing Russian Roulette with 5 out of 6 chambers loaded!!!!!! I think that you need to check the front tire also. "ANY" dry rot is too much.
Hello John welcome to the forum. You should look into replacing your tires soon. I would not ride on tires like that.
Jacksprat56 wrote: There is no "I think" to this issue....."DO NOT RIDE THAT BIKE AGAIN UNTIL YOU REPLACE THAT TIRE; IF YOU PUT ANY VALUE ON YOUR LIFE & THE LIVES OF THOSE AROUND YOU". You're playing Russian Roulette with 5 out of 6 chambers loaded!!!!!! I think that you need to check the front tire also. "ANY" dry rot is too much.
oh I didn't think it was that bad. I'll get it replaced before I ride it again. P.S. That is the front tire....Back tire is fine with not dry rott or anything like that.


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State of Emergency Is Declared in Zimbabwe after 20 Lives Being Claimed as a Result of Cholera Outbreak
September 14, 2018 Amy King
Zimbabwe has declared a state of emergency after a cholera outbreak in the capital city of Harare went on to kill 20 people and left in excess of 2000 people getting infected from contaminated drinking water.
The Government has taken prompt action as a result of this outbreak and hence they have kept the schools closed and also put a ban on the sale of meat and fish by vendors in all the affected areas. This is according to the statement given by the new health minister, Obadiah Moyo. It is expected that the police would enforce the ban.
Moyo said after taking a tour of the hospital, which is treating the patients, that they are declaring an emergency situation for the city of Harare. He thought that this would help them in containing the problems of Cholera, Typhoid and whatever else is going on. He has also specified the fact that they no longer want more cases of deaths coming through.
The outbreak was mainly caused due to the sewers getting burst in the suburbs of Budiriro and Glenview having the heavy population and now this has spread on to four other provinces as well. The City Council of Harare has struggled for a long time to supply water in all the areas of the capital city with the help of antiquated equipment as well as infrastructure often creating a force on the residents to drink water either from the boreholes as well as from the open walls. Certain households have had to stay without any water for almost 20 years.
In order to curb this menace of cholera, the ministry of health has created an urge among people to avoid having anything from those food premises, which are not licensed and also not to pass urine in the open. The Government has also started to send out public service messages through text message. Local media have put out reports regarding the tips on how people can avoid getting affected by cholera and typhoid and also when they should visit any clinic.
Harare has also requested for drinking water from agencies under UN as well as from private organization.
The Officials of CDC Urge People to Get Prepared for another Unpleasant Season of Flu
Probiotics Are Quite Useless, Says Study
Researchers make cells produce insulin for Healing diabetes in mice
February 26, 2019 Amy King
Experts warn: fruit juices should increase the risk of death
May 26, 2019 Amy King
They create a robotic contact lens that allows you to 'zoom' with just blinking
July 30, 2019 July 30, 2019 Amy King


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Meyer: Weber, Dobbins will both play against Oklahoma
AP Sep 7, 2017 at 8:40p ET
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) Ohio State running back Mike Weber will play against Oklahoma, sharing time with dynamic true freshman J.K. Dobbins.
Weber rushed for over 1,000 yards as a redshirt freshman last season but was hampered by a hamstring injury throughout preseason camp. Still not 100 percent last Thursday, he sat out as Dobbins rambled for 181 yards on 29 carries, showing instincts and judgment beyond his years in a 49-21 win over Indiana.
Coach Urban Meyer said Monday that Weber will play, but he hasn't yet decided how the rotation will work in Saturday's game.
"Mike had a good practice," Meyer said. "He went full speed today."
Now that Weber is healthy, Meyer has a pleasant conundrum on his hands. Weber earned the starting role, but how does Meyer keep Dobbins on the bench at all?
Center Billy Price said the backs bring different styles to the game and using both just makes the Buckeyes' offense more diverse and harder to solve.
"I think those two complement each other very well, having that 1-2 punch," Price said. "It just adds a little more depth to the running-back room and another threat that defenses have to be aware of."
Price described Dobbins as "one of those guys who can get into those crevices and be able to flip things and roll. Mike is that bruiser, he's that guy who can really get in there and if he needs a couple extra yards on maybe third-and-2, run it up the middle."
LOOKING FOR THE DEEP BALL
Much was made in spring practice and during the preseason about a new focus on the deep passing game and quarterback J.T. Barrett's accuracy, with Meyer saying both would have to be better.
Meyer said he was satisfied with the progress of Barrett, who threw for 304 yards and three touchdowns and rushed for 61 yards and another score against Indiana.
But Barrett was 0 for 3 on long passing attempts, with one perfectly placed throw fluttering through the fingers of Parris Campbell in the end zone. The receptions that were big gainers were of the catch-and-run variety. The Buckeyes' passing game didn't get on track until the second half.
Meyer found himself again defending against criticisms of Barrett's accuracy.
"The accuracy of a quarterback has to do with the timing and relationship he has with the receivers," Meyer said. "If he's expecting to come back to me and the receiver goes there, it looks like the quarterback's fault. And that's what happened. We've had some accuracy issues with J.T., but also the receivers. He's much better now."
NOT A REVENGE GAME?
Oklahoma coach Lincoln Riley downplayed the revenge factor in Saturday's game.
Ohio State went to Oklahoma last year and beat the Sooners 45-24 in a prime-time nationally televised game. Oklahoma is 11-0 since that loss.
"I don't think we'll talk much about the game last year," said Riley, the offensive coordinator last year who was bumped up to head coach when Bob Stoops retired. "I told somebody this morning that I don't think that has much of an effect on it. I think regardless of how the game turned out last year, regardless of who won or lost, this is one of those games that both teams are going to be excited to play. It's going to be a great college football environment, two good football teams going at it."
NOTES: Oklahoma sophomore cornerback Jordan Parker is out for the season after suffering a knee injury in Saturday's win over UTEP. Riley said he'll likely have surgery. … Ohio State receiver Eric Glover-Williams is no longer with the team. Meyer said the departure was due to a "school conduct issue." … Barrett was chosen by the Big Ten as co-player of the week, and Dobbins the freshman of the week.
This version corrects to Oklahoma sophomore cornerback Jordan Parker out for the season instead of Jordan Thomas.
More AP college football at www.collegefootball.ap.org and https://twitter.com/AP-Top25.
Follow Mitch Stacy at http://twitter.com/mitchstacy


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Tribal Stories
We produce documentaries to create awareness about the unsustainable practices faced by Indigenous communities on their journey to protect forestlands
The Indigenous Quest
This short documentary tells the story of Mr. Japin, an Indigenous farmer from the Silat Hulu community, West Borneo, Indonesia. He is fighting to get his customary forest back that has been seized without prior and informed consent by the palm oil multinational Sinar Mas Group.
Special Mention, Asia South East Short Film Festival, Winter 2018
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Three Nations
Three Nations tells the story of 3 Indigenous community members on a journey to sustain a livelihood in the most threatened forest areas in the world. This documentary will show the hardships faced by local community members who have inhabited the world's rainforests for thousands of years. While focusing on the hardships faced with the Indigenous forest territories shrinking every year, the documentary film will shed light on the various attempts from Indigenous tribes to protect our planet from deforestation.
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Learn more about ways to get involved, our new projects and how to support our work.
People's Planet Project is a nonprofit registered in The Netherlands under RSIN: 860079363
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You have found the most extensive free directory of professional records and business listings in the world - The Trustoria Service Professional Directory.
The Trustoria Professional Directory provides people with all the information needed to locate the most qualified professional for every need.
Pick a town to find a full directory of Office Runners living when you need them.


HTC, a global leader in mobile innovation and design, today launched the HTC Desire 820 in India as a successor to the popular HTC Desire 816. The latest member of the this family comes in two variants – an HTC Desire 820 powered with the Snapdragon 615 processor Octa-core CPU with a 64 bit processing capability; and a HTC Desire 820q, powered by the potent 64-bit quad -core Snapdragon 410 processor. The devices come integrated with 4G LTE Cat 4 connectivity, multi-core CPUs, delivering users content on-the-go at exceptional speeds and with stunning clarity on its 13.97 cm (5.5") high definition screen. With a premium imaging experience and powerful HTC BoomSound™, the colourful, stylish these devices set a new benchmark for mid-range smartphones.
"Our new HTC model gives entertainment lovers exactly what they are looking for; a powerful, fast, stylish smartphone that delivers their favourite content on a big screen at a competitive price" said Faisal Siddiqui, Vice President & Country Head, India at HTC. "With the HTC Desire 820 and HTC Desire 820q, we've combined the most advanced technology with the best possible entertainment experience and bold, distinctive design, to deliver a handset that is both desirable and affordable".
We did like the HTC Desire 816, and to be frank it was the awesome device with same HTC one experience at the lower cost. Even if the build was of plastic it was sturdy and beautiful which use to stand out of the crowd. At specification it looks low also screen resolution it looks low but when we reviewed the device it has the best 720p display which extremely looks like 1080p display, no other android phone has ever did this.
The HTC Desire 820 and 820q will be available in all leading retail stores from the festive season onwards.


Hank Cramer's sonorous bass voice has certainly changed since he was coached in the third grade by an Italian opera singer, but Cramer's attraction to music has never wavered.
Still, it took some time before Cramer dedicated himself full-time to music. "I'd say my dream was to bag the day job and become a folk singer," he said. So, after decades of juggling weekend singing gigs with work as a copper miner, a career in the Army, and as manager of 911 emergency-communications systems, Cramer has devoted the past 18 years exclusively to music.
With a specialty that blends history of the Western U.S., maritime history, and Irish and Scottish songs, Cramer now spends some 100 days on the road each year, traveling to performances at museums, historic sites, and music festivals. He has recorded 21 CDs of cowboy songs, folk music, Irish and Scottish repertoire, and sea shanties.
Between singing on a Columbia River riverboat and recording sessions in Tacoma, Cramer recently spent about 24 hours at his home outside Winthrop. He also played his long-standing gig singing for covered-wagon dinner rides at Sun Mountain Lodge.
Cramer credits the Sun Mountain job as a turning point in his music career. While singing cowboy songs at a dinner ride in 1998, Cramer met Kit McLean, a Methow Valley native and wrangler, who led the rides.
McLean has a particular appreciation for folk music and history. Her father, Ron McLean, was a folksinger, a poet, and a schoolteacher. He founded the Pine Stump Symphony, a well-respected folk-music festival, in the Methow half a century ago.
So McLean knew the landscape when she prodded Cramer to pursue his music. "Your whole future is inside that guitar case – you've never had the courage to try it," Cramer remembers her saying.
"I surrendered first," said Cramer. He moved to the Methow, and he and McLean later got married.
Those first few years were tough. Cramer worked multiple jobs to make ends meet, from helping on horseback rides and doing 911 consulting. "As you're building your career as a musician or a landscape painter in the Methow, you may have to take the morning shift at Pardners Mini Market and plow driveways in the winter," he said.
Cramer credits his ability to project his voice so it fills a room – or the larger outdoor spaces where he often sings – to the instruction he got in the third grade at Catholic school in upstate New York. Salvatore Baccaloni, an Italian opera singer, lived in the area and was eager to share his skills with the students.
Baccaloni taught them to breathe properly, to sing with their mouth open, and to aim for a spot on the back wall, said Cramer. Fifty years later, his voice carries so well that people sometimes ask if he's wearing a hidden microphone, he said.
Today, Cramer achieves the same effect through his inflection and delivery. He's a natural storyteller, with a casual, disarming sense of humor. When he sings, that conversational intimacy comes through loud and clear.
Cramer, who has a degree in education with a specialty in history, has never taught in a standard classroom. He had never thought about teaching through music until he was hired by Elderhostel (now Road Scholar) to teach a unit on Pacific Northwest history for a group at Sun Mountain. It turns out a lot of the participants in their educational vacations found their history teachers knowledgeable but uninspiring, said Cramer.
Cramer already had a repertoire of songs about the Oregon Trail, maritime history, and cowboy lore, which he recast as a curriculum in Northwest history. He's been teaching it twice a year for Road Scholar at Sun Mountain for the past two decades.
Soon museums and historical organizations began hiring him to present similar programs. Cramer's in his 18th season doing living-history presentations along the Oregon Trail, where he dresses as an immigrant, complete with a replica of a small guitar from the 1840s. In San Francisco, Cramer performs in sailing clothes, and he does a regular stint on Lady Washington, a replica of a tall ship from 1787.
"Mixing music an history is kind of uniquely mine," said Cramer. He lets the audience control the pace. "I do history until they get doughnut-faced and get a glazed expression, and then I switch to a song," he said.
He's struck a good balance. People say, "If I'd have had you as my high school history teacher, I'd have really enjoyed it," said Cramer.
Cramer draws material from old folk and cowboy songs, although he writes some of his own material. "With folk songs, generally the melodies are older than the words – melodies can be 400 years old," he said. "In this genre, it's a good thing if it sounds like it's 50 years old before the ink is dry," he said.
And part of what makes his approach successful is that songs from that era use people's own words to tell their stories, said Cramer.
Cramer takes advantage of the tens of thousands of miles he spends on the road each year to learn new material. He prefers to learn music by ear, in the true folk tradition. "By listening, I understand that the art of a good song is really enhanced poetry," he said.
"I call it listening at the top of my lungs," he said. Once in his motel room, he works out the chords on the guitar – he has nine guitars for different types of music, and also plays banjo.
Cramer also performs around the state through Humanities Washington. In fact, he's made it his mission to bring his music and history shows to out-of-the-way places that rarely hear traveling performers. In 2011, he received the Humanities Washington Award in 2011, presented to one performer each year for excellence in the humanities.
Cramer was surrounded by music when he was growing up. His grandmother, who came to the U.S. from Ireland when she was 6 years old, took him to his first concert of Irish songs, a performance by the Clancy Brothers. Cramer wasn't enthusiastic. He was an 8-year-old boy, into Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley. "I didn't want to listen to my grandmother's music," he said.
Cramer's experiences in the military also inform his performances. He comes from a long military tradition, following his great-grandfather, grandfather, and father in serving in the U.S. Army. Cramer's father was the first U.S. soldier to be killed in Vietnam, back in 1957, when Hank was just 4 years old.
Cramer spent 14 years in the Army, specializing in communications, and then put in another 14 years in the Army reserve. After leaving the Army, he ran civilian emergency-dispatch operations and headed up the 911 program in Washington.
Among all Cramer's musical accomplishments, the biggest honor – although one of the hardest things he does – is singing at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC, for Veterans Day, Memorial Day and Fathers' Day ceremonies.
Captain Cramer's name was added to the wall on Veterans' Day of 1983, one year after the monument was first dedicated. Now Hank is asked to help when they read all the names on the memorial. The next reading is this Veterans' Day. It takes four days to read the more than 58,000 names, he said.
Cramer is continuing to expand his role in the music world by promoting younger musicians through his Ferryboat Music label. So far, he's produced two albums of traditional Irish and Scottish songs for Brian Maskew, a British musician who lives in the Methow; an album for Carter Junction, a young couple from Spokane; and the first album for his son, Hank Cramer IV.
"I provide advice, but the artist isn't obligated to listen to me," said Cramer, who admitted he didn't know what he was doing when he first produced his own albums.
Visit Hank's website to learn more about his performances and life at www.hankcramer.com.


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Philanthropic collaboration supporting youth empowerment in residential care in the Grampians Region
A new project will support young people in residential care in regional Victoria to inform themselves and make educated decisions through a rights based and empowerment approach
In Victoria, there are 9,146 children and young people in out-of-home care, of which 445 are in residential care. Residential care provides homes for children and young people aged 12-17 who are temporarily unable to live with family or foster carers
Based in the Grampians, Stand up for our rights: A youth empowerment project is designed to provide young people in care with greater access to legal information and pathways to external assistance, and seeks to address the systemic issues raised by young people in residential care
This new project is funded by a collaborative group of philanthropic organisations with a shared interest in improving the outcomes of children and young people who are at risk of entering, or with an experience of, out-of-home care
The funding collaboration include Barr Family Foundation, Equity Trustees – RM Ansett Trust, Gandel Foundation, Sidney Myer Fund and The Jack Brockhoff Foundation.
Young People's Legal Rights Centre Inc. (Youthlaw) and the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare (the Centre) announced a grant of nearly half a million dollars ($490,000) to co-design a new approach to building the capacity of young people in residential care.
Stand up for our rights: A youth empowerment project, based in the Grampians region of Victoria, will be co-designed by young people with a lived experience of out-of-home care and will pilot a new model of support and intervention in residential care to build the capacity of young people to protect and stand up for themselves and make informed decisions. The project will grant young people and staff in residential care access to community lawyers and case managers to provide counsel and legal guidance.
Children and young people who experience out-of-home care are significantly more likely to be subject or victim to crime, and are at far greater risk of experiencing hardship.
The project will:
collaborate with residential care provider organisations and care team members to problem solve systemic issues raised by young people;
provide legal services that have a strong focus on systemic change through collaboration;
test a new model of support and intervention that can be transferable across the State;
and provide young people in care with easy and time sensitive access to legal information, assistance and pathways to external assistance.
The grant has been awarded by members of the Out-Home-Care Philanthropic Funders Network (the Network), a group facilitated by the Centre, with an interest in improving the outcomes of children and young people at risk of entering, or with an experience of, out-of-home care. The funding was awarded as part of the Network's Innovation Grants program, which sees network members collaborate to drive innovation and systemic change across the child and family services sector. This project is the third collaborative funding initiative of the Network.
The Central Highlands Care Services Alliance is a group of care service providers and partner agencies that exists to support the local service system, working closely with young people experiencing challenging circumstances. Principal Strategic Advisor from the Alliance, Siobahn Altham, said about the project: "This project will provide much needed direct assistance to the young people we work with whose care experiences intersect with the justice system. What we're seeing is many young people with an experience of care and the justice system lack access to the resources they need to help them maximise their potential.
"We want to see all young people in our services have access to the resources they need. We are committed not only to supporting improved outcomes and reduced criminalisation of individual young people in our services, but to identifying and acting on improvements needed at our local system level, and I think this project will go a long way in helping us to achieve that."
CEO of Youthlaw, Ariel Couchman said Youthlaw is leading the project, which she says puts young people at its core: "Young people with lived experience are an integral part of this project. They will co-design an innovative approach to building the capacity of young people to build their knowledge and resilience and other protective factors."
The three-year project is commencing in March 2022, and will be delivered by Youthlaw, working collaboratively with the Central Highlands Out of Home Care Alliance, Ballarat Community Health and Victoria Legal Aid.
Deb Tsorbaris, CEO at the Centre commented: "Granting young people in residential care with access to legal services empowers them to make informed decisions about their futures. This initiative is the Network's third funding endeavour, and is illustrative of the diverse ways in which the Network is committed to supporting children and young people at risk of entering, or with an experience of, out-of-home care".
Emily Cormack, Children and Young People Grant Manager at Equity Trustees, a member of the Network, said she is proud of the way the Network works together to fund innovative approaches to address systemic issues: "This Network is an example of the powerful impact that collaborative philanthropy can have on the out-of-home care sector in Victoria, and is a fantastic illustration of what can be achieved when we work together to address complex social issues."
Network members involved in the funding collaboration include Barr Family Foundation, Equity Trustees – RM Ansett Trust, Gandel Foundation, Barr Family Foundation, Sidney Myer Fund and The Jack Brockhoff Foundation.
For more information, or for the opportunity to interview representatives from The Central Highlands Care Services Alliance, Youthlaw, the Centre, or the Network, please contact:
Katie Wand, Media and Communications Adviser at The Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare on 0435294859 or by emailing katie.wand@cfecfw.asn.au.
About Young People's Legal Rights Centre Inc.
The mission of Young People's Legal Rights Centre Inc (Youthlaw) is to provide an accessible legal service to young people under the age of 25, focusing on areas of unmet legal need. It works to address systematic legal and social justice issues in Victoria through community education, advocacy and law reform both for and with young people and their advocates.
About the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare
The Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare (the Centre) is the peak body for child and family services in Victoria. Representing more than 150 community service organisations, students and individuals, the Centre advocates for the rights of children and young people to be heard and safe, to have access to education, and to remain connected to family, community and culture. The Centre's vision is of a fair and equitable community that creates opportunities for children and their families to live happy and healthy lives.
About the Out-of-home Care Philanthropic Funders Network
The Network is a collaborative group of philanthropic organisations with a shared interest in improving the experiences and outcomes for children and young people who are at risk of entering, in, or have an experience of out-of-home care. Members of the Network include Barr Family Foundation, Equity Trustees, Gandel Foundation, Sidney Myer Fund and The Jack Brockhoff Foundation.
The Network meets to share learnings, evidence, and innovation in out-of-home care in Victoria and other jurisdictions. This information sharing forum supports Network members to collaborate and fund innovation grants in community service organisations to improve outcomes for children at risk of entering or with an experience of out-of-home care, focusing on systemic change and collaboration within, and across sectors.
The administration of the Network is conducted by the Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare and is proudly funded through Equity Trustees' Children and Young People granting program.
Regional, rural and remote schools invited to enter the Museum's new History Makers video challenge
MSO announces a landmark Gandel Foundation gift
Viv's Place for women and children – an Australian first
Level 9, Office Tower One,
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1341 Dandenong Road
Chadstone Vic 3148
P: + 61 (0)3 8564 1288
© 2022 Gandel Foundation


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swingman in basketball, a player who can skillfully play two different positions such as both forward and guard.
swing set a playground structure made of metal or wood that swings are hung from.
swing shift (informal) the work shift between the day and the night shifts, usu. beginning in the middle of the afternoon and ending at midnight, or the group of workers on this shift.
swingy characterized by swinging activity or motion; swinging.
swinish like, characteristic of, or resembling a swine; beastly; piggish.
swipe a strong sweeping stroke or blow. [4 definitions]
swipple the swinging part of a flail, which strikes the grain in threshing.
swirl to move along or around with a whirling or spiral motion. [5 definitions]
swirly whirling, swirling, or spinning.
swish to move rapidly, making a whistling or rustling sound. [4 definitions]
Swiss of or pertaining to Switzerland or its people, culture, or the like. [3 definitions]
Swiss chard see chard.
Swiss cheese a white or pale yellow hard cheese with many large holes, originally produced in Switzerland.
Swiss steak a thick cut of steak coated with flour, pounded with a meat hammer or the like, braised, and served with a sauce of tomatoes and other vegetables.
switch a shift; change. [10 definitions]
switchable combined form of switch.
switchback a road, path, or railroad track that climbs a mountain or other steep grade by using a zigzag route.
switchblade a pocketknife with a blade that is released by pushing a button, usu. considered as a weapon.
switchboard a central panel or panels with switches for connecting and disconnecting telephone circuits or electrical circuits.
switchgrass a tall, North American prairie grass of the species Panicum virgatum.
switch-hitter a baseball player who is able to bat either left-handed or right-handed. [2 definitions]


A Massachusetts startup called Aclarity has what it calls a transformational method for clean H2O: Using electricity to zap away pathogens, metals and other impurities from water.
Co-founder Barrett Mully says the technology could solve crises like one that occurred in Flint, Michigan, where lead leached from aging pipes after the city switched its source from one river to another in 2014.
That's because Aclarity's scalable technology means not all treatment would have to be done at a central location, then piped to people's homes. The startup says its method could clean water in a bottle, kitchen sink or even an entire home or city. Which is refreshing, since excessive lead levels have been found in thousands of water systems across the U.S.
Aclarity (formerly ElectroPure) is about a year old, and developing under-the-sink prototypes to clean water from a faucet, according to the Daily Hampshire Gazette. It's working with Watts Water Technologies in North Andover, Massachusetts, to bring Aclarity's residential product to market, the Boston Business Journal reports.
At first blush, you might wonder if using electricity to treat water is really green (as in the environment, not the money). Aclarity says that's an affirmative: the technology it uses, called electrochemical advanced oxidation process or EAOP, has "extensive treatment capabilities and low electrical power consumption needs compared to more conventional treatment processes" like reverse osmosis and ultraviolet light.
A second co-founder, Julie Bliss Mullen, discovered EAOP while working in a UMass lab under a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Innovation program.
Aclarity uses the EAOP to treat water with complex water chemistry by neutralizing pH and removing unwanted contaminants. Because the electrodes are regenerative and filters are not required, maintenance needs and costs are substantially reduced. The final device can be automated by on-line water quality sensors for instantaneous and hands-off water treatment.
Aclarity recently received a $27,500 prize from a Valley Venture Mentors startup accelerator program in Massachusetts and $65,000 from The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center's (MassCEC) Catalyst program. Another $26,000 in seed money has come from the Berthiaume Center at University of Masschusetts Amherst.
Aclarity was a finalist for the MIT Water Innovation Prize and has received $225,000 via a National Science Foundation small business grant.
PeoplesBank also is offering support, featuring Aclarity in its Innovation Series.
The startup is shooting to have a whole-house device on the market by 2020.


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Perhaps you have heard this term 'Emotional Intelligence' (EI) being used frequently and wondered what it means exactly. You may also have come across 'Emotional Quotient' (EQ) and thought, "Is that just another name for the same thing?" These questions and more will be discussed below, as we explain the original science based EI concept according to the theories, studies and findings of Psychologists John D. Mayer, Peter Salovey, and David R. Caruso.
Emotional Intelligence can be described as the ability to receive emotional information, process it efficiently, and then use it to guide your thoughts and actions. Every one of us is constantly surrounded by emotionally charged experiences and relationships, and what we do with those emotions and emotional information can make a huge difference to our enjoyment or even success in certain spheres. EI can be defined as ability, rather than a trait or disposition, and as such it can be measured through research and relevant testing methods. Just as with any ability, some people would have more or less of it than others.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EI AND EQ?
With the increasing interest shown in emotional topics in recent decades, inevitably some confusion and overlapping has crept in, when it comes to definition of terms. The concept of EQ (Emotional Quotient) became well known and is sometimes confused with EI. There are indeed similarities, but EQ takes a much broader approach which can become vague and unwieldy, inclusive of a variety of emotion-related traits such as self-awareness, assertiveness, empathy, trustworthiness, impulsivity and communication. Basically, EQ covers a wide selection of personality traits and combines them with socio-emotional abilities. This approach can become haphazard and disorganized and, in fact, difficult to define or measure accurately. Mayer, Salovey and Caruso regard these as mixed model researches, and their aim is to provide one coherent science based approach to understanding EI.
WHAT IS THE FOUR-BRANCH MODEL OF EI?
This four-branch model can be seen as a continuum of emotional intelligence, which has been roughly divided into four increasingly complex parts. In ascending order of complexity, the branches would be as follows: 1) to perceive emotions accurately, in oneself and others. 2) to use emotions to facilitate thinking. 3) to understand emotions, emotional language, and the signals conveyed by emotions. 4) to manage emotions so as to attain specific goals.
An example of the outworking of these four levels may be observed in a situation such as a high school student who arrives on the scene at her school where the final year exam results are being announced. All her peers are there and everyone is waiting for the results. The student perceives her own and her peer's emotions of nervous anticipation, waiting to know whether or not they have passed, and whether or not their pass is sufficient to obtain university entrance. And then when their results have been released there is a range of relief and disappointment. The student uses these observations, either to congratulate or commiserate with her peers. She can manage her own emotions and then speak to her friends with the goal of helping them think through their options, depending on the results they have received.
HOW CAN EI BE MEASURED?
As emotional intelligence is an ability, this ability can be measured to ascertain individual differences. Each of the four ability areas can be tested by using problem-solving and checking against set criteria. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) has been developed with two tests or tasks for each of the four branches (eight tasks in total). Tasks include being able to identify emotions in pictures, photos or drawings, as well as choosing the correct emotion, as described in specific scenarios. The correctness of the answers is evaluated according to the combined answers of twenty-one emotion experts and researchers, or according to the average answer of a normal population.
WHAT ARE SOME DIFFERENT SUB THEORIES?
As already stated, the subject of emotional intelligence has garnered a huge harvest of theories with various methods of testing and measuring. The mixed model theories (EQ) tend to focus on self-assessment of emotions. This can be prone to inaccuracies, due to insufficient information or feedback, and can be influenced by the mood or self image of the individual. The traditional Big Five personality traits or personality dimensions are one way of measurement but these do not correlate to any great extent with the science based EI studies.
Emotional Intelligence is highly significant in the life of every one of us as human beings because it affects the way we relate to one another. Those who have a high EI are better able to understand their own emotions and the emotions of those around them. Once they understand they can better manage those emotions and use them to achieve beneficial goals both for themselves and others. Social relationships and work relationships can be enhanced by an accurate awareness, understanding and management of Emotional Intelligence.
CamomileQ gives you the tools to develop your EI through interactive activities and fun games. Sign up for CamomileQ today!
Mayer, John D., Salovey, P., Caruso, David R. (2008), Emotional Intelligence. New Ability or Eclectic Traits? American Psychologist Vol. 63, No. 6.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9.


Our Gospel Communities are a place where we grow in speaking the gospel to one another in every occasion for the purpose of knowing Jesus and growing in discipleship. This cultivates our communities as diverse places where we love and serve each other in many areas of life, and provides a welcoming context for people exploring Jesus and Gospel Church. Gospel Communities meet twice a month to encourage fellowship through eating together and spiritual growth through feeding on Christ together. These meetings involve discussion, participation, and prayer as we apply the truths we are learning together in our lives of discipleship.
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A week has already gone by and so much has happened and changed. Me and Sav took Rupert and Bob to the border so they could return home, it was just down to two in Sleepy House for the rest of my time in Cyprus.
We both had a lovely week though. We put up lots of Roller nest boxes, did a bird tour, got drunk, did office work and got drunk some more. What more could you want from a week?
I'll set the scene a little bit more.
After dropping the others at the border we headed to Haspolat to put up some nest boxes. It was so humid that day and I felt all funny inside because we'd had to say goodbye to people. There was a huge highlight though, I got to see my first ever red-footed falcons! A beautiful adult female and a first summer male. The tree they were in was grand. It was full of birds, several kestrels were happy to perch amongst the leaves. We stayed there for a while and just watched. Even Sav was excited! I think he's got the birding bug!
The next day I did office work. Hungover.
Another day of odd jobs after that. We went to Lapta to drop some stuff off at my Mums. Then we nipped to Roots again for a sunshine shandy. Home for some amazing noodles and then back out to Roots for my farewell drinks. Again, we had lots of tequila and I probably embarrassed myself. We saw Michelle and Paul there which was lovely, I'm pretty sure I invited myself to Ireland to visit them!
Another hungover day after that, but more productive. We did the first beach walk on Alagadi for nesting turtles. They're really early this year! I paddled in the sea and enjoyed the fresh air. It was a good day for food too. Banana pancakes for breakfast because I know how amazing Sav can make them! I decided to buy us a roast chicken for lunch and we ate like vikings! Nothing but roast chicken! Tea was homemade pizza!
Saturday came and it was time for me to leave. I cried. A lot. Sleepy House adventures have just been so amazing. I have met so many amazing people and been able to do so many amazing things. I've made best friends.
I won't be away for long. Cyprus is already calling my name.
I'm currently sat in Istanbul having visited my friend Simla. I'll be posting about that next week. Too much to talk about!
I started off this week by flying back to Cyprus. A quick stint at home was all I needed to get my fill of hugs and northern brews. But now I am back and raring to go again!
Mostly it has been full on PhD work in the office, but I have managed to squeeze in some fun stuff too! The other day, Sav and I went for a meeting in Nicosia with Robbo and Damla. A good catch up of what the project has achieved so far and where it is headed! We left the meeting and drove the scenic way home, blasting good music and enjoying the sun setting over the Cyprus mountains. We were passing through Esentepe and decided to make a stop at Roots bar. A quirky little reggae place right on the coast. The plan was to have a single drink and head home, but it didn't quite turn out like that. Several rum and cokes, a tequila, jagermiester and mini guiness later I was behind the bar with Ash, the owner, and the bar man. Michelle and Paul are a regular couple in Roots and we made good friends with them. An intense game of pool sealed the friendship deal, and I'm happy to report that me and Michelle won the game against Sav. We danced, we laughed and we exchanged stories. An amazing night.
Another gorgeous day happened yesterday. Sav and I had a few errands to do in Girne and decided to make a day of it. We visited Girne harbour castle, wandered around back streets, at an amazing lunch and ended it with an ice cream. I got a sunburnt back, unfortunately I'm not 100% Cypriot yet and still a fare skinned Manchunian! Damn!
The weather is glorious and I can't help having a smile on my face. There is something special about living in a place sandwiched between mountains and sea. I love it.
Enjoy life and keep smiling, I am.


Over the last few days, people have been asking "...what's that smell?"
Well, now we have an answer. The Portland Press Herald reported this morning that the foul odor is coming from Portland's East End Sewage Treatment Plant, and a perfect storm of high heat, humidity, and an $11 million ongoing upgrade to the facility is causing smells of raw sewage to waft over the greater Portland area.
The foul smell has been reported in the East End, on Munjoy Hill, throughout Bayside, Downtown, and even as far away as the SMCC campus in South Portland.
Several Portland residents have complained directly to the city, saying that the smell Monday night into Tuesday morning was "almost unbearable." Even our own concertgoers downtown complained of an offensive odor as they were leaving the Melanie Martinez show at the State Theatre on Monday night.
Plant officials say that the hot temperatures and humidity have increased smells, and that a massive renovation effort to fix the aging aeration systems has caused even more problems on top of that.
Portland officials have confirmed that the 36-year-old oxygen injection system can't pump enough clean air through the wastewater to eliminate the odors. According to the PPH, the facility treats about 20 million gallons of wastewater a day.


At the weekend, Valve announced that they had made a mass sweep of player accounts within their mega-popular multiplayer title Dota 2. In all, over 17,000 player accounts were reset for trespasses such as cheating, or being re-sold or alt-accounts.
Games such as Dota 2, and online multiplayer titles in general will always be plagued with problems as people bend the rules to protect their stats and streaks, Although Valve's steps this weekend will make a heavy dent in some of Dota 2's cheating issues, it's obviously not going to eliminate the rule-breakers entirely.
Still, it's always good to see a developer taking an active stance against such chicanery, and given the responses to the tweet below, the community is very happy with the purge.
Dota 2 is available now on PC.


Toops, Gary H. 1992. Lexicalization of Upper Sorbian preverbs: Temporal-aspectual ramifications and the delimitation of German influence. Germano-Slavica, 7/2, p. 3-22.
This study proposes that the effect of German on the morphosemantics of Upper Sorbian verbs is less extensive than has heretofore been assumed. German influence is viewed here as extending directly to only a small segment of the overall USo verb system while acting at the same time as a catalyst for the intervention of other, intralinguistic factors.


Felicidades to Bosque's newest Sociedad Honoraria Hispánica/ Spanish Honor Society inductees! This upper school honor society for 10–12th graders recognizes high achievement in Spanish and promotes a continuing interest in Hispanic studies. As members, students must maintain an A average in Spanish classes and participate in organizing different activities during the year. On average, there are 30+ students involved each year and typically 15–20 students graduate from the program annually. Well done, Honorees!
This year, the following 17 sophomores and one junior were inducted into Bosque's chapter of the National Spanish Honor Society.


text:
"Pho" named most iconic dish in Vietnam
The New York-based news website Business Insider has singled out the most iconic food to eat in 50 countries worldwide in an article, in which "pho", a traditional meal in Vietnam, was declared a must-try.
"Pho", a traditional dish in Vietnam (Photo: KK)
"Pho" can come in a variety of different styles with various meats, but each contains rice noodles and a broth seasoned with shallots, ginger, cardamom, star anise, cloves and fish sauce, the article described, adding that the dish is also served with onions, cilantro, scallions and black pepper.
It said that "pho" is so popular throughout Vietnam that it is often served everywhere, even in restaurants hidden in small city alleyways or village storefronts.
In June last year, the Business Insider also listed Hanoi's "pho", a "tangy beef noodle soup", as the first of "40 meals you should eat in your lifetime".
Another American newspaper, the Huffington Post, called "pho" a "bow of heaven" when listing it as one of the 12 most delicious foods people should discover when travelling abroad.
CNN placed "Pho" at No. 28 in the list of the world's 50 best dishes, saying "some dishes you eat to stay alive, while others you eat because to not eat them would be a crime".
Among the other dishes named in the Business Insider list were Asado, grilled Argentinean steak; Wiener Schnitzel, deep fried Austrian veal cutlet; Feijoada, Brazilian stew of black beans and smoked beef and pork; and Xiaolongbao, China's soup dumplings.-VNA
Source: Vietnamplus
Let's discover hop- on hop -off bus tours in HCMC for Tet holiday
Vietnam Airlines employees returns bag containing valuable items to passenger
New air routes linking Can Tho with Seoul and Taipei inaugurated
Vietnam's tourism expects to welcome more foreign billionaires
Vietnam Airlines announces flight path change to avoid Iranian airspace
3,000 additional train tickets on Tet holidays provided
Ministry develops database on Vietnamese land, people
Binh Thuan launches tours to local dragon fruit gardens


text:
The Biosphere
Energy by Part
Green Energy Revisited
Agriculture, Food, & Deforestation
Ethics and Environmental Justice
The last 12,000 years, the Holocene geologic era, has been a time of a remarkably stable climate. Humans have used this time to move from hunter-gathers, to agrarian societies, and eventually to forms of industrialization. Were we prudent in our use of the natural world it is possible this stability could be extended far into the future.
Today, however, we see the biosphere in a death spiral. We are losing entire ecosystems. The latest Living Planet Index from the World Wildlife Fund shows a decline in wildlife populations of 60% between 1974 and 2014. "The Insect Apocalypse" has entered environmental jargon. Over half the world's forests have been lost. The damage to the biosphere is happening faster than anyone anticipated, even 10 years ago, and it is putting our very existence at risk.
The Hydrosphere
As the earth's largest habitat, the oceans cover about 71% of the surface of the earth and contain 97% of the earth's water. They are home to the majority of earth's plants and animals.
Since the oceans cover so much of the globe, they absorb the majority of the sun's radiation. They are central to the climate system in their distributing heat via interaction with the atmosphere (evaporation), and their complex system of currents that transfer heat like conveyor belts. Scientists estimate that a complete circuit of these currents takes about 1000 years to complete.
Weather patterns on the earth are predicated in large part by the difference in temperature between the tropics and the poles. The equatorial regions of the earth receive higher levels of solar insolation. The heat generated here is typically transferred north and south toward the poles. This is accomplished by a pattern of air currents and water currents. In the polar regions, water cools and becomes saltier, and denser. It sinks and is replaced by warm water from the tropics. This system has been stable for more than 10,000 years, but the oceans are warming, inhibiting the typical transfer of heat as the temperature difference between the poles and the tropics diminishes.
The most topical ocean current system today is referred to as the Atlantic Meridional Overtuning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC has been getting weaker as lighter, freshwater from melting ice in the polar region and Greenland invades the system. With weather patterns in the North Atlantic and its environs dependent on the AMOC, a slowdown could lead to hotter European summers, changing tropical rain patterns, and affect hurricanes along the US east coast.
In addition to absorbing most of the sun's radiation, critically, the oceans act as a huge carbon sink. This is an active area of study by scientists today. We have known for many years that not all the CO2 generated on the surface goes into the atmosphere. Over the last two hundred years, as humans have burned fossil fuels, the oceans have been absorbing most of those carbon emissions and the heat generated by those green house gases.
A new report published in Nature6 shows that the oceans have absorbed "far more heat" than previously thought. The meaning of this is profound. While we generally focus on climate change when we think about the temperature of the earth, the more accurate measurement is the temperature of the oceans. If the oceans are warming faster than we thought, the earth is warmer than we thought.
Global warming is actually ocean warming. The heat absorbed by the oceans remains to heat the planet for decades to come. It leaves the oceans via melting ice shelves, evaporation, and direct heating of the atmosphere. It has dramatic implications for the climate at the poles as we shall see in the section on the cryosphere. As the oceans warm, they expand. In her new book, "Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore," Elizabeth Rush describes how large parts of the U.S. coastline will vanish underwater by the end of the century. Citing Hal Wanless of the University of Miami, south Florida will be at least 15 feet underwater by the end of the century.7
The implications for the health of the oceans would be higher acidification (lower pH) because of increased levels of CO2. Ocean calcifying organisms will be less able to build their carbonate structure. Thus, we see the damage to the Great Barrier Reef and other reefs across the world which provide homes for 25% of oceanic species. In addition, the marine food chain is put at risk. The base species of the marine food chain, phytoplankton, will be dramatically affected as effects on calcification, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and other processes occur, leading to a traumatic change in marine communities. The results will propagate up the food chain.
Humans have always depended on the oceans as a source of food. However, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization finds 90% of world fish stocks overfished. A major contributor to this situation is the $20 billion a year in subsidies which benefit large fleets. Although global collaboration to eliminate these subsidies is ongoing since 2015, as yet no agreement has been accepted.
Huge dead zones are being created in the oceans. Every year more oil spills into the oceans from US coasts than was released by the Exxon Valdez into the Gulf of Alaska. Yet, oil is a relatively small part of the overall pollution which results primarily from agricultural runoff. About 80% of agricultural fertilizers (about 3.5 billion tons), mainly nitrates, drain into aquifers and rivers and eventually the oceans. The Mississippi River Valley drains about half the agricultural land in the US into the Gulf of Mexico.8
The organic waste is augmented by plastic pollution which was estimated 4 years ago to be about 8 million metric tons per year. The plastic is harming nearly 700 species in the oceans, from plankton to whales. (Source: Ocean Conservancy)
This video clip from The Graduate (1967) demonstrates once again how little time it has taken for plastics to pollute the earth. It is now estimated that by 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans.
The Cryosphere - The Arctic
The frozen part of the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, includes the ice at the poles and the world's glaciers. It acts as the earth's air conditioner. Of the 2.5% of the water on earth that is fresh water, 69% of it is frozen, and stored in the polar ice caps and glaciers. Of the remaining 31%, most of it is ground water, leaving only 1.2% as surface fresh water.
There is nothing more dramatic about recent changes in the earth's system than developments in the cryosphere. The Arctic was last thought to have been ice free between 100,000 to 120,000 years ago. It is, however, warming at twice the rate of the rest of the planet, and is expected to be ice free in September (the warmest month) within the coming decade.
Because it is warming, the temperature differential between the northern and lower latitudes is diminishing. The polar jet stream which depends on this difference to maintain its position about the pole is weakening and wandering outside its normal circular pattern. The result is wild swings in the weather which have been evident during recent winters in the US.
As the Arctic warms and the ice there melts, the albedo (the amount of light reflected from a surface) of the area changes from a very reflective ice cover to the darker color of the ocean. The open ocean absorbs rather than reflects the sun's energy. That additional energy results in more melting as the positive feedback loop continues.
This "Arctic Amplification" affects nearby land masses such as Greenland which a recent study found to be melting faster than at any time in the last 400 years.9
The warming also affects the permafrost in the northern latitudes which harbor an estimated 1.7 trillion tons of carbon. When it thaws, this carbon is released as CO2 and methane. Here again, we have a situation never faced by humans. We don't know if and when this could occur, but methane releases are increasing. This is a potential time bomb which, even if it didn't happen this century, could make the planet uninhabitable in centuries to come.
A recent NASA research project documents a new process which could enhance the release of greenhouse gases. The process referred to as "abrupt thawing" occurs in a type of Arctic lake known as a thermokarst. This research points to a new source of greenhouse gases that is not part of current climate models. First author Katey Walter Anthony of the University of Alaska Fairbanks: "We don't have to wait 200 or 300 years to get these large releases of permafrost carbon. Within my lifetime, my children's lifetime, it should be ramping up. It's already happening but it's not happening at a really fast rate right now, but within a few decades, it should peak."10
A new report released March 14, 2019 by the UN Environment Programme projects that GHG emissions already emitted will lead to a warming in the arctic of 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by 2050 and 5 to 9 degrees by 2080. The warming of the Arctic permafrost is also "locked in."11
The Cryosphere - Antarctica
The fifth largest continent, Antarctica is covered with ice that averages almost 2 km in depth. It was not always like this. Over hundreds of millions of years it has assumed its current shape and moved around the globe via tectonic plates; it was at times even sub-tropical in climate. The cooling of the continent began nearly 23 million years ago as it was isolated and circumscribed by the circumpolar current. It has been mostly covered by ice for about 15 million years.
While it has long been considered a stable ice sheet, recent evidence demonstrates that even the Antarctic is not immune to global warming. Significant changes are occurring to glaciers on both the western and eastern sides of the continent.
By Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica team
The Thwaites Glacier on the western edge near the Amundsen Sea is currently the subject of intense scrutiny. Sridhar Anandarrishnan, a Penn State scientist, has been visiting it since 2008. Glaciers are incredibly complex and current models about them are nascent. Recent trips to Thwaites have revealed that it is starting to destabilize.12
Thwaites acts like a plug, holding back huge amounts of upstream ice from moving to the ocean. Were it to collapse, it could produce a meter of sea level rise all by itself. With this background, it came as a huge shock to scientists when, in February 2019, a hole two-thirds the size of Manhattan and a 1,000 feet tall was discovered within the glacier.13
On the other side of the continent, a recent study suggests that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet may be melting at an accelerating rate. If this is confirmed, it would suggest that global warming has begun melting the entire cryosphere. All current predictions about sea-level rise this century would be inaccurate, with a multi-meter rise possible.14
The Cryosphere - Mountain Glaciers
There are about 150,000 glaciers spread across the globe. Over the last four decades they have diminished by the equivalent of a layer of ice 70 feet thick. Across Southern Asia, nearly 2 billion people and their major rivers depend on glacial melt for water. In China these include the Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow) Rivers. South of the Himalayas, the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, and Mekong provide water to India, Pakistan, Laos, Thailand, Nepal, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. These rivers play a central role in the ecology of each of these countries. China which does not reap the water from the monsoon rains is especially vulnerable and has undertaken a huge water reallocation project with enormous environmental impacts.
A recent report, The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment, finds that "at least a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chain are doomed to melt due to climate change."15 If climate change continues unabated, the loss will be two thirds by 2100.
The glaciers in South America are most at risk because of their location in warmer latitudes. Climate change is rapidly transforming these environments – the glaciers are retreating at their fastest rate in 300 years. With a dry season in parts of Peru and Bolivia of as long as six months, the supply of water from the glaciers has become a contentious issue between a growing population and corporate interests who use the water to power mining activities and large-scale agricultural irrigation.
When the subject of climate change is discussed, it generally focuses on what is happening to the atmosphere. As we have already seen, though, there is much more going on than what is happening to our daily weather.
That said, the warming that is occurring to the troposphere creates much of the forcing that is affecting the planet. Dramatic weather events across the globe, huge and prolonged hurricanes and typhoons, unprecedented flooding and drought, and other weather events are evidence that, even in our short lifetimes, make it obvious that something has changed. Once again we need to think about how quickly this change has happened. In the course of a few generations, the climate has been redirected to a path from which there will be no return. We could have predicted another ice age in perhaps 50,000 years, but now that won't happen.
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has for thousands of years been a benign and necessary contributor to the stability of the climate during the Holocene Era. Without naturally occurring greenhouse gases, which include CO2, the earth's average temperature would be 0°F (-18°C). Since the last ice age, about 10,000 years ago, the level of CO2 has been remarkably stable at about 280 parts per million (ppm). This "interglacial period" and its stable and predictable climate have enabled humans to develop complex civilizations.
The greenhouse effect was first described in 1896 by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius. About 60 years later, Charles Keeling began collecting data on CO2 concentrations at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. His data has become famous now as the "Keeling Curve" (see below) which documents the inexorable rise of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. It wasn't until 1988 when James Hansen's testimony to Congress drew public attention to the issue. He stated that it was 99 percent certain that observed rising global temperatures were not a natural phenomenon, but rather caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere.
In 1988 the CO2 level was 350 ppm. We are now just a bit beyond 30 years since that testimony and the latest CO2 concentration recorded at Mauna Loa is 415 ppm. Humans have put more than 400 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere since 1751, and about half this total has been released since Hansen's testimony.16
Global carbon emissions reached an all-time high in 2018 of 37.1 billion metric tons.
The Keeling Curve - Source: National Geographic
We are now on a path to a world humans have never experienced. The natural carbon cycle will eventually return it to the lithosphere, but the carbon dioxide we have already put into the atmosphere will remain there for hundreds if not thousands of years, essentially forever as far as humans are concerned. In addition, the heat that has been stored in the oceans will over decades be released into the atmosphere. Not often mentioned is that removing greenhouse gas (GHG) and its pollution from the atmosphere would remove a veil of particles that is shading the earth. It's absence would lead to further warming. So even if we were to stop GHG emissions today we are already committed to increased warming.
You may have noticed that little attention has been paid here to the reports by the IPCC. Though the latest report of October 2018 was closer to the truth than previous reports, it still mentions the possibility of meeting the aspirations of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change by drastic cuts in GHG emissions during the next decade. It should be noted that meeting the goals of the 2015 accord will require the removal of carbon from the atmosphere, including technologies that are not yet available. Realistically, many who study the science are beginning to feel that the 1.5°C target is unattainable, and the the 2°C level should be considered a lower limit with a rise in temperature of 3°C to 4°C quite possible.
This is in part likely because the pledges by individual nations in the 2015 Paris accord, even if met, would lead to a 3°C rise. As of late 2018, most of the world's major polluters are showing no indication of meeting even these modest goals.17
The Biosphere at Elevated Levels of CO2
The predictions of changes to the atmospheric temperature are based on the known correlation between CO2 concentrations and the earth's temperature. While this relationship has been known for over 100 years, there remains some uncertainty about the exact amount of warming that will occur in response to an increase in CO2. This variable is referred to as "climate sensitivity" and refers to the amount of warming that will occur in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The variation in estimates of climate sensitivity results from the uncertainties about climate feedback such as how water vapor, clouds, and surface reflectivity vary as the earth warms. Current studies suggest that this feedback will amplify warming.18
With no mitigation to GHG emissions, a recent study predicts that by 2030 the earth's climate will most closely resemble that of the mid-Pliocene, some 3 million years ago.19 At that time, sea levels were more than 60 feet higher than today and the Arctic was forested and ice free. If carbon dioxide levels continue to climb through mid-century at their current rate, the earth could reach a state not seen for 50 million years. At that time the earth's temperature was 10°C (18°F) warmer than today.20
These historic periods evolved over millennia and we are not going to see them reoccur within a decade or even two. The rate at which the earth is currently changing is, however, unprecedented, and represents a threat to civilization as we know it.
Several years ago, a documentary was produced that delineated the changes that would occur to the world as it warmed up degree by degree to 6°C. It's a veritable horror story and still available, though already dated as climate change proceeds at an alarming rate. I will simply focus on what it would be like to live in a world of 3°C warming – a very plausible possibility within the lifetime of those who live through the century.
As a response to this situation, the Paris commitments are woefully inadequate. The "NDCs" in the chart are Nationally Determined Contributions, the pledges by individual countries. "Conditional" are just that, targets if some internal conditions are met. The vertical line is total GHG emissions with GHG emissions other than CO2 included as equivalent CO2.
Paris 2015 Accord
The bottom line is that we must reduce CO2 emissions by about 50% between now and 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. Though some still believe that this can be done, it will have to coincide with growth in the world population to almost 10 billion, the associated growth in global GDP, and large increases in the demand for food and energy.
Methane - The Joker in the Deck
The chart above regarding the 2015 Paris Accord shows that every year about 50 billion tons of "carbon dioxide equivalent" is added to the atmosphere. Of that total, 70% is CO2 and half the remaining 15 billion tons is methane. Methane(CH4) is created by microbes in the soil. It is released by sources both natural and man-made, among them animal digestion, fermentation in rice fields, fracking for natural gas, coal mines, festering bogs, and burning forests.
Though the quantity of methane in the atmosphere is much lower than that of CO2, methane is a much more potent GHG. Over 20 years, it is more than 100 times as effective in trapping heat than CO2. It is broken down in the atmosphere by oxidation producing CO2 and water vapor (both are GHG).
Scientists are concerned about a sharp rise in methane emissions since 2007. It's not clear why this is happening, but there are several possible causes. Some suggest that fugitive leaks from fracking are to blame while others like Euan Nisbet of Royal Holloway, University of London point to "an increase in biogenic emissions, probably from wetlands and agricultural sources."21
Nisbet's research is for the period 2007 – 2014. His more recent research looks at the four years 2014 to 2017 and finds a further acceleration in the growth of methane emissions. Here again, the issue is so complex that no one factor can be singled out as the source. It could be the increase in anthropogenic emissions from mining and gas production, natural sources (wetlands and/or ruminant waste), or most troubling, a decline in the ability of the atmosphere to break down methane, producing a longer lifetime for it in the atmosphere. This could occur because of increased pollution in the atmosphere and is considered to be "profoundly worrying."22
This increase in methane emissions has the potential to thwart all the prospects for the 2015 Paris Accord without even considering CO2.
The scariest part about methane concerns the huge amounts of it that are locked up in hydrates in the higher latitudes. These ice-like crystals reside beneath ocean waters and could potentially degrade, releasing the methane trapped inside them.
With the Arctic warming as quickly as it is, there is concern about the release of methane in this area. Although we are, indeed, seeing methane being produced here, a paper published in January 2018 finds that it is not from the seafloor, but rather "from recently produced organic matter or from the atmosphere."23 While this is relatively good news, it does seem to add evidence to the idea mentioned above in the Arctic section that processes such as the abrupt thaw of thermokarst lakes may be an important new sources of methane in the northern latitudes.
In a similar fashion, methane is trapped throughout the permafrost in northern latitudes. Nearly a quarter of the Northern Hemisphere sits atop permafrost. A year after the aforementioned paper from January 2018, a new global study in Nature Communications, confirmed that the permafrost is thawing across the globe. In parts of Siberia, the rise was almost one degree Celsius.24
Clouds are an incredibly difficult part of the atmospheric equation to understand. Cloud formation in the Arctic has been thought to play a cooling role there, but new insights now suggest that the "blanket" effect of the cloud cover could predominate, leading to a warming of the Arctic.25
There is so much we don't know about this. The obvious danger is that as the climate warms, positive feedback loops could be triggered, leading to a cycle of more methane and higher temperatures. The warmer and wetter weather across the tropics will simply exacerbate this process, as will the warming at the poles.
The Lithosphere
The Lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of our planet. Residing on the Lithosphere we have access to air, water, soil and the ecosystems of plants and other animals upon which we depend. It plays a fundamental role in the earth's carbon cycle with most of the planet's carbon stored in rocks and sediments. It moves throughout the components of the biosphere. Plants remove carbon from the atmosphere by photosynthesis using energy from the sun. The Amazon jungle is sometimes referred to as the earth's lungs because of this. When the plants are eaten the carbon moves to the animal food chain. Eventually, that carbon is moved to the ground (lithosphere) with some of it becoming fossil fuel after millions of years. The burning of fossil fuels releases the carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Most of the carbon released in this way is absorbed by the oceans.
Over very long time scales, the weathering of rocks adds carbon to surface water which eventually ends up in the oceans. Mountain building provides new rock and opportunities for weathering. The result is that the process of mountain uplift lowers the CO2 in the atmosphere. When the Indian tectonic plate collided with the Asian plate and created the Himalayas, some 50 million years ago, the weathering from the monsoon rains produced a cooling so dramatic that global temperatures dropped enough to set the stage for the Ice Ages.26
The carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere by the burning of these ancient fossil fuels will eventually be removed by the carbon cycle, but we are talking about millions of years for this to happen. What we are doing to the planet will be the legacy for the generations of humans to come as well as all the creatures with which we share the earth essentially forever.
Update June 20, 2019 – Arctic Permafrost Thawing 70 Years Sooner Than Expected
In a paper published June 10, 2019, a research team from the University of Alaska Fairbanks has found a shocking increase in the rate of change of melting during their long term study of the permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic.27
This stunning news follows from the team's traveling to remote sites where "they were confronted with a landscape that was unrecognizable from the pristine Arctic terrain they had encountered during initial visits a decade or so earlier…The vista had dissolved into an undulating sea of hummocks – waist-high depressions and ponds known as thermokarst."28
As has already been discussed here, this rapid thawing could release vast quantities of GHG and fuel a feedback loop producing even more melting.
Update August 15, 2019 – The Loss of the Arctic's Reflective Sea Ice Will Advance Global Warming by 25 Years
The Arctic continues to change at nothing less than alarming speed. The implications for the planet are dramatic: a new paper from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 29 concludes that the loss of the remaining Arctic sea ice and it's ability to reflect incoming solar energy back to space "would be equivalent to adding one trillion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere." To put this into context, 2.4 trillion tons of CO2 have been emitted since the beginning of the Industrial Age. This huge addition of CO2 would bring the onset of global warming of 2° Celcius 25 years sooner than expected.
The summer of 2019 has been characterized by unusual wildfires across Siberia, Scandinavia, Alaska, and Greenland. One estimate is that the fires released 50 million tons of carbon dioxide in the month of June alone, equivalent to the annual emissions of Sweden.30


Preheat oven to 375ÂF. Coat a baking sheet with nonstick cooking spray. In a medium nonstick skillet cook ground turkey, stirring occasionally, until no longer pink. Stir in beans, salsa, cumin and cheese. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Spoon about 1/2 cup of the turkey mixture on half of each tortilla. Fold tortilla over filling and place on baking sheet.
Coat the tops of the quesadillas with nonstick cooking spray. Bake 10 to 12 minutes or until edges begin to brown. Transfer to a platter, cut in half, and serve with additional salsa.