That's how many chickens have now been vaccinated in the Ntchisi District alone since we began training community based vaccinators there.
We've been a bit distracted lately and had only belatedly updated our vaccination database. What we found frankly astonished us. We knew we were doing well but a quarter million?!!
Our data told us some other things of course. Community based vaccinators vary greatly in their impact. For instance the top of our list had vaccinated almost three times as many as his nearest rival. We also found that women were right up there in terms of total chickens vaccinated. We were not surprised - women in the villages are so into chickens.
We always knew we would have a big impact. This confirms it. But don't get me wrong - a quarter of a million is only a small fraction of what's out there. There's a long road ahead. Wish us luck!
Finally, I must acknowledge, none of this would be possible without our wonderful supporters.


The engineering occupation has lengthy been a pioneer in regard to integration of pcs within the curriculum in addition to educating. Computing assets could be successfully included into the topics of electric and electronics engineering. a quick overview of present text-books from significant publishers finds that, to a wide volume, the pc is now thought of a help device for the learn of topics. improvement at the integration of the computing assets is now mirrored in classes applied at numerous universities and institutions.
The development approach, all the way through from making plans and layout to exploit and demolition, has a massive influence on society. typically, hindrance has been occupied with its environmental effect and the hunt for sustainability, yet this has now prolonged into the broader remit of company Social accountability (CSR). primarily, which means companies needs to act (voluntarily) in a socially moral demeanour through constructing a coverage that encompasses the center ideas enshrined through CSR.
A certain presentation on a subject of rising value, Corporate Social accountability within the development Industry is vital interpreting for all equipped setting undergraduate and post-graduate classes, in addition to CEOs and senior managers inside development companies who can be approximately to embark on constructing a CSR strategy.
Einzigartiger und bewährter Klassiker zur Qualifizierung von Ingenieuren: die wichtigsten Maßnahmen zur Beruhigung der akustischen Umwelt, Maßnahmen- und Medienkapitel. Aus den Rezensionen zur 6. Auflage: "… Es macht umso mehr Spaß, dieses Buch zu lesen, wenn guy … Akustik wirklich begreifen und … verstehen will. (Michael Vorländer, in: Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 2005) Die 7., aktualisierte Auflage ist um two hundred Seiten erweitert.
more often than not one 3rd of the power utilized in many constructions can be ate up by means of electrical lights. strong daylighting layout can decrease electrical energy intake for lighting fixtures and increase criteria of visible convenience, health and wellbeing and amenity for the occupants.As the single accomplished textual content at the topic written within the final decade, the booklet might be welcomed by way of all architects and development companies engineers drawn to strong daylighting layout. The publication relies at the paintings of 25 specialists from all components of Europe who've accrued, evaluated and constructed the fabric lower than the auspices of the ecu Commission's solar power and effort Conservation R&D Programmes.
Schwerpunktmäßig geht es um elektrische Antriebe mit Drehfeldmaschinen im Leistungsbereich von ca. a hundred W bis a hundred kW. Vor allem kostengünstige, robuste und wartungsarme Lösungen werden ausführlich mit ihrem Betriebsverhalten vorgestellt. Neben den Antrieben mit Synchron- und EK-Maschinen im Bereich der hochdynamischen Positionier- und Servoantriebe stehen die vielfältigen Ausführungen der Getriebemotoren mit Asynchronmaschine. Unter Verzicht auf lange mathematische Ableitungen wendet sich das Buch an Praktiker, der sich in die Materie einarbeiten oder weiter informieren will.
Sustainable Thermal garage structures: making plans, layout, and Operations bargains confirmed strategies for lowering power expenses, on-peak call for, capital bills, and pollutants utilizing thermal garage platforms. Written by way of knowledgeable within the box, this booklet discusses sustainability standards, benefits and downsides of varied structures, and the connection between so much, gear offerings, and approach choice. Real-world case reports research chilled water thermal garage and ice thermal garage. assistance for working a thermal garage plant to maximise funding also are supplied during this useful resource.
Trenchless know-how Piping deals entire insurance of pipe deploy, renewal, and substitute utilizing trenchless know-how tools. This step by step source explains tips to enforce effective layout, building, and inspection procedures and exhibits easy methods to retailer time and cash with a cutting-edge undertaking administration system.
Packed with unique illustrations, the publication surveys the wide range of trenchless applied sciences to be had and discusses the steered purposes for every. This state-of-the-art engineering software additionally includes very important details on contracting, venture supply, safeguard, qc, and caliber assurance.
This is the book of the published booklet and will now not contain any media, web site entry codes, or print vitamins that can come packaged with the sure book.
Construction undertaking Administration , 10th Edition, indicates readers how a profitable development undertaking is controlled and administered from layout via development to closeout. From begin to end, the subjects pertinent to every degree of a undertaking are brought and mentioned as they happen during the lifetime of the venture. Readers how one can unite the most important stakeholders (contractors, architects, engineers, etc.) and supply them with a viable approach for working as an efficient building group. Reflecting the most recent know-how, legislation, and laws, the textual content addresses techniques utilizing uncomplicated, straight forward language and diverse real-world examples.
The booklet offers a combined learn process followed to evaluate and current the Toyota approach practices inside development companies typically and for corporations in China in particular. the result of an intensive established questionnaire survey in response to the Toyota Way-styled attributes pointed out have been built and information amassed from construction execs operating in development organizations is gifted. The quantitative facts awarded within the publication explains the established order of the Toyota Way-styled practices carried out within the development undefined, in addition to the level to which those attributes have been perceived for lean building administration. The publication highlights the entire actionable attributes derived from the Toyota means version preferred by means of the development pros, yet indicators the readers that a few attributes felled wanting implementation. additional findings from in-depth interviews and case stories also are awarded within the publication to supply to readers an figuring out how those Toyota means practices may be carried out in real-life tasks. jointly, the entire empirical findings awarded during this booklet can serve to reinforce figuring out of Toyota method practices within the lean building administration context. The readers are then guided via to appreciate the gaps among genuine perform and Toyota Way-styled practices, and the measures that they might adopt to avoid the demanding situations for implementation. The publication additionally offers to readers the SWOT research that addresses the strengths, weaknesses, possibilities and threats in the direction of the implementation of the Toyota manner within the building undefined. The e-book prescribes the Toyota manner version to be used in development enterprises to strategically enforce lean building administration. The record provided within the booklet allows readers to attract classes that could be used also as a holistic review instrument for measuring the adulthood of agencies with admire to their Toyota means implementation. Consequent to this, administration may then be in a greater place to improve plans for Toyota approach implementation via targeting vulnerable components, strengthening them, and therefore expanding the chance of luck within the implementation of the Toyota means. In a nutshell, this e-book presents a complete and worthwhile source for companies not just within the development but in addition companies outdoor of the development region to higher comprehend the Toyota approach and the way this realizing can translate to implementation of lean construction/business administration to augment profitability and survivability in an more and more aggressive international marketplace place.
The papers during this quantity supply an advent to popular and tested procedure id tools for structural healthiness tracking and to extra complex, state of the art instruments, in a position to take on the demanding situations linked to real implementation. beginning with an outline on basic equipment, introductory recommendations are supplied at the common framework of time and frequency area, parametric and non-parametric equipment, input-output or output in basic terms innovations. innovative instruments are brought together with, nonlinear method identity tools; Bayesian instruments; and complicated modal identity concepts (such because the Kalman and particle filters, the short Bayesian FFT method). complex computational instruments for uncertainty quantification are mentioned to supply a hyperlink among tracking and structural integrity overview. furthermore, complete scale functions and box deployments that illustrate the workings and effectiveness of the brought tracking schemes are demonstrated.


In this lesson, you will learn how to use Jupyter Notebook to run Python code and render Markdown text in existing Jupyter Notebook files (.ipynb) .
Be sure that you have completed the previous lessons on Intro to Shell and Get Files from Github.com.
This notebook is available in the ea-bootcamp-day-1 repository that you cloned to earth-analytics-bootcamp under your home directory.
Share your work with colleagues so they can see both your code and the code outputs.
Document all aspects of your workflow using a combination of well written programming code (e.g. Python) and Markdown text.
This functionality supports open reproducible science by facilitating and supporting collaboration and documentation.
The Jupyter Notebook IDE The Jupyter Notebook interactive development environment (IDE) is the web application that launches in a web browser like Firefox or Safari and is the environment where you write and run your code.
Kernels A kernel runs your code in a specific programming language. Jupyter Notebook supports over 40 different languages. In this class, you will use Python.
Jupyter Notebook also provides functionality for making the coding process more efficient such as keyboard short-cuts as well as auto-complete options using the Tab button. You will review this functionality in the hands-on activity.
Markdown is a human readable syntax for formatting text documents and can be used to produce nicely formatted documents including .pdf files and web pages (e.g. .html files). When you format text using Markdown in a document, it is similar to using the formatting tools (bold, heading 1, heading 2, etc) in a word processing tool like Microsoft Word or Google Docs.
However, instead of using buttons to apply formatting, you use syntax such as **this syntax bolds text in Markdown** or # Here is a heading in Markdown. Markdown allows you to format text - such as making headings, italics, bold, and bulleted lists, - add hyperlinks to websites (e.g. URLs), make tables, and more.
In fact, this webpage that you are looking at right now (and all of the hands-on exercises in this course) use Markdown for formatting!
Using Markdown within Jupyter Notebook provides an easy and visually-appealing way to document your code's workflow, provide details on your data, and describe your output and results within a single Jupyter Notebook file (.ipynb).
Data Tip: Learn more about Markdown.
How Jupyter supports open reproducible science through combining programming code, displaying output, and documentation with Markdown.
In this lesson, you will review how to use Jupyter Notebook and the functionality that it provides for documenting open reproducible science. First, you need to know how to open Jupyter Notebook, which is done in the Terminal.
It is ideal (but not required) to launch Jupyter Notebook from the working directory where all of the notebook files that you wish to use live. In this case, these files are in the earth-analytics-bootcamp directory.
run the command jupyter notebook in the Terminal to launch Jupyter Notebook.
IMPORTANT: the jupyter notebook command requires that you have Jupyter Notebook installed on your laptop! This was installed as part of the Anaconda installation that you followed as a part of the setup for this course.
First, change the current working directory to earth-analytics-bootcamp under your home directory, and then check that the current working directory has been updated.
Now, start a new Jupyter Notebook session by typing the command jupyter notebook in the Terminal.
You can use Shell (Terminal) to open Jupyter Notebook with the command, Jupyter Notebook.
When you type this command into the terminal, it will launch a local web server on your computer. This server runs the Jupyter Notebook interface. If everything works as planned, your default web browser will open with a new tab that displays your Jupyter Notebook environment.
This is what the Jupyter Notebook dashboard will look like when you launch it.
You will also notice that the Terminal is running commands to start your Jupyter Notebook session. Be sure to leave the Terminal open while you use Jupyter Notebook. It is running a local server for Jupyter Notebook so that you can interact with it in your web browser.
This is what the Terminal looks like with a Jupyter Notebook session running.
Data Tip: While Jupyter Notebook looks like an online interface, when you launch if from the terminal, like you did in this lesson, it is actually running locally on our computer. You do not need an internet connection to run Jupyter Notebook locally.
To navigate in the dashboard, you can simply click on the name of a directory (e.g. ea-bootcamp-day-1), and the dashboard will update to show you the contents of the directory.
You can click on the name of directory in the Jupyter Notebook Dashboard to navigate into that directory and see the contents.
You can return to the parent directory of your Jupyter Notebook session (i.e. the directory from which you launched Jupyter Notebook; in this example, earth-analytics-bootcamp) by clicking on the folder icon on the top menu bar.
You can use the Jupyter Notebook dashboard to return to the parent directory of any subdirectory.
You can open existing Jupyter Notebook files (.ipynb) in the Jupyter Notebook dashboard.
Note: if you don't see the Jupyter Notebook file (.ipynb) or directory that you are looking for, you may need to navigate to another directory in the dashboard (see above). You may also need to launch the Jupyter Notebook from a different directory.
Opening an existing Jupyter Notebook file (.ipynb) is as easy as clicking on the name of the file in the dashboard (e.g. filename.ipynb).
The components of a Jupyter Notebook file include the Menu, the Toolbar, and Cells just like the ones shown here.
You will review the menu and toolbar throughout this exercise. It is also important to understand how Jupyter Notebook files use cells to store and execute your code and text.
A Jupyter Notebook consists of a set of cells, which can be specified to store text such as Markdown or Code such as Python.
You can check the cell type of any cell by clicking in the cell and looking at the Cell Type in Toolbar.
You can check the cell type of any cell in Jupyter Notebook using the Toolbar. The default cell type is Code.
You can run any cell in Jupyter Notebook (regardless of whether it contains Code or Markdown) using the Menu tools (Click on Cell -> Run Cell) or Keyboard Shortcuts (Ctrl, then Enter).
For example, you can run the Python code in the cell below using the Menu tools (Click on Cell -> Run Cell) or Keyboard Shortcuts (Ctrl, then Enter). Your result, or output, will be displayed below the Code cell that you run.
You can run Markdown cells in the same way as the Code cells using the Menu tools or Keyboard Shortcuts.
The difference between running a Code cell and a Markdown cell is that running a Markdown cell will not display results under the Markdown cell.
Rather, when you run Markdown cell, you will see that the Markdown syntax has been converted to nice formatting.
For example, the Markdown below is rendered from syntax for creating headings and titles using Markdown syntax: ## Text Follows the Hashmarks.
You can double-click in any Markdown cell to see the Markdown syntax. To return to the formatted Markdown (i.e. rendered text), simply run the cell again.
You can also use the Menu tools and Keyboard Shortcuts to create new cells.
The default cell type is Code. You can change the cell type of any existing cell by clicking in the cell and selecting a new cell type (e.g. Markdown) in the cell type menu in the toolbar.
You can change the cell type of any cell in Jupyter Notebook using the Toolbar. The default cell type is Code.
You can change the order of cells within Jupyter Notebook using the up arrow and down arrow buttons on the menu bar. Simply click inside the cell that you want to move and then press the desired arrow as many times as you need to move the Cell to the desired location.
You can use the menu bar in Jupyter Notebook to move cells within the Jupyter Notebook file.
In addition to running individual cells within a Jupyter Notebook, you can also run all of the cells in consecutive order using the Menu.
Sometimes, you may want to clear any output results that have been produced.
You can do this using the Menu by clicking Cell -> Current Outputs -> Clear. This will clear the current cell that you are working in, which you can activate by clicking in a cell.
You can also clear all of the output in a file by clicking Cell -> All Output -> Clear.
You can save Jupyter Notebook files (.ipynb) using the Menu or Keyboard Shortcuts.
When using the Jupyter Cloud environment, you can download Jupyter Notebook files (.ipynb) to our computers using the Menu by clicking File -> Download as -> Notebook (.ipynb).
After saving your Jupyter Notebook files (.ipynb), you can close the browser tab displaying the notebook, but you still need Shutdown the notebook from the dashboard.
To Shutdown a Jupyter Notebook file (.ipynb), click in the checkbox to left of the filename. You will see an orange button named Shutdown appear in the top left of the dashboard menu; click on it to Shutdown any file that is checked in the list.
You can shutdown Jupyter Notebook files uinsg the Jupyter Notebook Dashboard.
After all of your notebooks are closed and shut down, you can close the browser tab displaying the Jupyter Notebook dashboard.
You will notice that the Terminal is still running commands for your Jupyter Notebook session.
You can shutdown the session by clicking in the Terminal window and clicking Ctrl + C.
Last, you will be asked to confirm that you want to Shutdown this notebook server (y/[n])?. Type y and hit Enter to confirm.
Then, you can close the Terminal by typing the command exit.
You can close the Jupyter Notebook Session from the Terminal.
Add a Code cell and run the following Python code to determine which day had the most precipitation (i.e. the day of the greatest flooding) during the Fall 2013 flood in Boulder, CO, U.S.A.
You have now experienced the benefits of using Jupyter Notebook for open reproducible science!
Without writing your own code, you were able to easily replicate this analysis because this code block can be shared with and run by anyone using Python. By the end of this course, you will be able to write your own code to conduct analysis and produce plots like these.
Launch Jupyter Notebook from the ea-bootcamp-day-1 directory.
Open the existing Jupyter Notebook file called jupyter-notebook-interface.ipynb.
Double-click in a Markdown to see the syntax.
Run the cell to see Markdown return to the nice formatting.
a smaller Markdown subtitle (###) with your name (e.g. Jenny Palomino).
What do you notice about the output of 24 / 4 compared to the others? What operation does ** execute?


text:
On 15 September 2018, the winner of the 4th Gogova Foundation Artists Residency Vasily Sumin introduced his solo project titled Station YE5, research on the ontological unity of incommensurable dimensions.
Sumin's project looks into the heritage of the era of Soviet modernism and modernity in a small academic town. The artist used a local history that he pieced together from archival records and conversations with old-timers as his starting points. The outcome of this research project will be the answer to the question about the process of blending cultural codes of the Soviet era and modern culture in this place.
The project combines the history of Soviet astrophysics and modernism with the everyday mindset of today. The project consists of several parts: an audio installation and a total installation with a video essay. The audio installation is presented as a conversation between inanimate objects: a dialogue between two telescopes observing the same star in spectral and photometric modes; a dialogue between supernovae and magnitudes of other stars, and humanity's message to nature that embraced the buildings constructed in this location at the end of Soviet era. By this means the artist interacts with the ghosts of Soviet modernism and the elements and transmits a message to the faceless nature of things, endowing them with meaning and spirit as a result. The participants of this audio installation witness the interaction between the objects that are woven into the worldview of the local scientific community. The audio installation will be a walking tour along various sound spots on the premises of the RATAN-600 radio telescope.
The second part of the project will be a spatial installation emulating a research station. The artist puts together a data archive from documents and images he discovers in the course of his investigation, as well as the oral history he collects. The installation will feature a two-channel video essay presenting the stories of locals who have been to varying degrees influenced by Soviet artefacts and the village's geolocation. The station is an attempt to restore a comprehensive picture of the place's past using the obtained scattered data to get a better understanding of the present. Yet due to the absence of the official documented history of the village and any taxonomy, the study of the past implies a distorted interpretation of many events, calling the objectivity of the resulting picture into question. Did the two telescopes really have a conversation? Is the impact of a telescope's agency on an observer real, or is it an invention of the research station workers? By asking these questions, the artist problematises the SAO RAS's lack of archives associated with the historical milestones of the village itself, which makes its history free for interpretation. Consequently, the memory and identity of the locals and the entire village are also in a state of uncertainty and open to interpretation even in the realm of chronological events.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


August 1914. England is at war. As Evie Elliott watches her brother, Will, and his best friend, Thomas Harding, depart for the front, she believes – as everyone does – that it will be over by Christmas, when the trio plan to celebrate the holiday among the romantic cafés of Paris. But as history tells us, it all happened so differently…. Evie and Thomas experience a very different war. Frustrated by life as a privileged young lady, Evie longs to play a greater part in the conflict – but how? – and as Thomas struggles with the unimaginable realities of war, he also faces personal battles back home, where War Office regulations on press reporting cause trouble at his father's newspaper business. Through their letters Evie and Thomas share their greatest hopes and fears – and grow ever fonder from afar. Can love flourish amid the horror of the First World War, or will fate intervene? Christmas 1968. With failing health, Thomas returns to Paris – a cherished packet of letters in hand – determined to lay to rest the ghosts of his past. But one final letter is waiting for him….
Bios: Hazel Gaynor is the New York Times bestselling author of The Girl Who Came Home and The Cottingley Secret and recipient of the 2015 RNA Historical Novel of the Year award. Hazel lives in Ireland with her husband and children.


text:
WhatsApp will STOP working on some smart phones in 2018
Find out if your phone will be affected by the upcoming changes to WhatsApp
WhatsApp is used by millions of people and for many, it's replaced bogstandard text messages.
Using WhatsApp is probably one of the most common ways of keeping in touch these days.
It's used by people with all sorts of different phones.
But as we head into 2018, the app will no longer work on certain mobile phones.
Users might have got used to using it but the popular messaging app, owned by Facebook, says it will focus only on the most popular phone operating systems.
In a blog post earlier this year, WhatsApp explained that it is looking ahead to the iOS and Android platforms.
Christmas essentials
Pharmacies and GPs
Tips for Christmas travel
When should I take decorations down?
A guide to train travel
From January 1, 2018, the app will only work on devices running these systems.
"As we look ahead to our next seven years, we want to focus our efforts on the mobile platforms the vast majority of people use," the company said in the blog post .
So if you're still using any BlackBerry devices that run BlackBerry OS or BlackBerry 10, you will no longer be able to use the messaging app in 2018.
BlackBerry has shifted to Android this year, but older handsets still use its own in-house software.
11 apps you should download on your new smartphone or tablet to help with shopping, online browsing, eating and having fun on Christmas Day
Any phone using Microsoft's Windows 8.0 (or older) OS (operating system) will also not be supported.
Even Microsoft has admitted defeat when it comes to its mobile OS, so the lack of WhatsApp support shouldn't come as a surprise.
Established in 2009, WhatsApp has slowly added more and more features, such as end-to-end encryption and video calling.
Because of its cross-platform support it has become the most popular messaging platform in the world.
Watch out for the latest scams
Food hygiene scam
Texting scam
What's app scam
Paypal scam
Even though it has over a billion users, many of whom have older phones, changes in technology mean it has to phase out compatibility to keep security up to date.
"This was a tough decision for us to make, but the right one in order to give people better ways to keep in touch with friends, family, and loved ones using WhatsApp", the blog post added.
A version of this story previously appeared on the Wales Online website.
Join Somerset Live's WhatsApp group (Image: Getty)
Want news straight to your phone? Somerset Live has launched a WhatsApp group to help you keep up to date with the latest news from across the county. If you'd like to receive breaking news alerts, text NEWS to 07834 893492. Then add the number to your phone contacts book as 'Somerset Live'. We will send you a maximum of four messages a day. Your phone number won't be shared with other members of the group or be used for any other purpose.


text:
Search results for: modal analysis.
8267 Operational Modal Analysis Implementation on a Hybrid Composite Plate
Authors: Z. A. C. Saffry, D. L. Majid, N. H. M. Haidzir
In aerospace applications, interactions of airflow with aircraft structures can result in undesirable structural deformations. This structural deformation in turn, can be predicted if the natural modes of the structure are known. This can be achieved through conventional modal testing that requires a known excitation force in order to extract these dynamic properties. This technique can be experimentally complex because of the need for artificial excitation and it is also does not represent actual operational condition. The current work presents part of research work that address the practical implementation of operational modal analysis (OMA) applied to a cantilevered hybrid composite plate employing single contactless sensing system via laser vibrometer. OMA technique extracts the modal parameters based only on the measurements of the dynamic response. The OMA results were verified with impact hammer modal testing and good agreement was obtained.
Keywords: Hybrid Kevlar composite, Laser Vibrometer, modal parameters, Operational Modal Analysis.
8266 Experimental Modal Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Square Slabs
Authors: M. S. Ahmed, F. A. Mohammad
The aim of this paper is to perform experimental modal analysis (EMA) of reinforced concrete (RC) square slabs. EMA is the process of determining the modal parameters (Natural Frequencies, damping factors, modal vectors) of a structure from a set of frequency response functions FRFs (curve fitting). Although, experimental modal analysis (or modal testing) has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970's, studying all types of members and materials using such method have not yet been well documented. Therefore, in this work, experimental tests were conducted on RC square slab specimens of dimensions 600mm x 600mmx 40mm. Experimental analysis was based on freely supported boundary condition. Moreover, impact testing as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a structure was used during the experiments. In addition, Pico Scope 6 device and MATLAB software were used to acquire data, analyze and plot Frequency Response Function (FRF). The experimental natural frequencies which were extracted from measurements exhibit good agreement with analytical predictions. It is showed that EMA method can be usefully employed to investigate the dynamic behavior of RC slabs.
Keywords: Natural frequencies, Mode shapes, Modal analysis, RC slabs.
8265 Modal Propagation Properties of Elliptical Core Optical Fibers Considering Stress-Optic Effects
Authors: M. Shah Alam, Sarkar Rahat M. Anwar
The effect of thermally induced stress on the modal properties of highly elliptical core optical fibers is studied in this work using a finite element method. The stress analysis is carried out and anisotropic refractive index change is calculated using both the conventional plane strain approximation and the generalized plane strain approach. After considering the stress optical effect, the modal analysis of the fiber is performed to obtain the solutions of fundamental and higher order modes. The modal effective index, modal birefringence, group effective index, group birefringence, and dispersion of different modes of the fiber are presented. For propagation properties, it can be seen that the results depend much on the approach of stress analysis.
Keywords: Birefringence, dispersion, elliptical core fiber, optical mode analysis, stress-optic effect, stress analysis.
8264 Theoretical Modal Analysis of Freely and Simply Supported RC Slabs
This paper focuses on the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. Therefore, the theoretical modal analysis was performed using two different types of boundary conditions. Modal analysis method is the most important dynamic analyses. The analysis would be modal case when there is no external force on the structure. By using this method in this paper, the effects of freely and simply supported boundary conditions on the frequencies and mode shapes of RC square slabs are studied. ANSYS software was employed to derive the finite element model to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the slabs. Then, the obtained results through numerical analysis (finite element analysis) would be compared with the exact solution. The main goal of the research study is to predict how the boundary conditions change the behavior of the slab structures prior to performing experimental modal analysis. Based on the results, it is concluded that simply support boundary condition has obvious influence to increase the natural frequencies and change the shape of the mode when it is compared with freely supported boundary condition of slabs. This means that such support conditions have the direct influence on the dynamic behavior of the slabs. Thus, it is suggested to use free-free boundary condition in experimental modal analysis to precisely reflect the properties of the structure. By using free-free boundary conditions, the influence of poorly defined supports is interrupted.
Keywords: Natural frequencies, Mode shapes, Modal analysis, ANSYS software, RC slabs.
8263 Modal Analysis of Power System with a Microgrid
Authors: Burak Yildirim, Muhsin Tunay Gençoğlu
A microgrid (MG) is a small power grid composed of localized medium or low level power generation, storage systems, and loads. In this paper, the effects of a MG on power systems voltage stability are shown. The MG model, designed to demonstrate the effects of the MG, was applied to the IEEE 14 bus power system which is widely used in power system stability studies. Eigenvalue and modal analysis methods were used in simulation studies. In the study results, it is seen that MGs affect system voltage stability positively by increasing system voltage instability limit value for buses of a power system in which MG are placed.
Keywords: Eigenvalue analysis, microgrid, modal analysis, voltage stability.
8262 MDA of Hexagonal Honeycomb Plates used for Space Applications
Authors: A. Boudjemai , M.H. Bouanane, Mankour, R. Amri, H. Salem, B. Chouchaoui
The purpose of this paper is to perform a multidisciplinary design and analysis (MDA) of honeycomb panels used in the satellites structural design. All the analysis is based on clamped-free boundary conditions. In the present work, detailed finite element models for honeycomb panels are developed and analysed. Experimental tests were carried out on a honeycomb specimen of which the goal is to compare the previous modal analysis made by the finite element method as well as the existing equivalent approaches. The obtained results show a good agreement between the finite element analysis, equivalent and tests results; the difference in the first two frequencies is less than 4% and less than 10% for the third frequency. The results of the equivalent model presented in this analysis are obtained with a good accuracy. Moreover, investigations carried out in this research relate to the honeycomb plate modal analysis under several aspects including the structural geometrical variation by studying the various influences of the dimension parameters on the modal frequency, the variation of core and skin material of the honeycomb. The various results obtained in this paper are promising and show that the geometry parameters and the type of material have an effect on the value of the honeycomb plate modal frequency.
Keywords: Satellite, honeycomb, finite element method, modal frequency, dynamic.
8261 Power Flow and Modal Analysis of a Power System Including Unified Power Flow Controller
Authors: Djilani Kobibi Youcef Islam, Hadjeri Samir, Djehaf Mohamed Abdeldjalil
The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology is a new advanced solution that increases the reliability and provides more flexibility, controllability, and stability of a power system. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), as the most versatile FACTS device for regulating power flow, is able to control respectively transmission line real power, reactive power, and node voltage. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the UPFC on the load flow, the power losses, and the voltage stability using NEPLAN software modules, Newton-Raphson load flow is used for the power flow analysis and the modal analysis is used for the study of the voltage stability. The simulation was carried out on the IEEE 14-bus test system.
Keywords: FACTS, load flow, modal analysis, UPFC, voltage stability.
8260 Optimal Combination for Modal Pushover Analysis by Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: K. Shakeri, M. Mohebbi
In order to consider the effects of the higher modes in the pushover analysis, during the recent years several multi-modal pushover procedures have been presented. In these methods the response of the considered modes are combined by the square-rootof- sum-of-squares (SRSS) rule while application of the elastic modal combination rules in the inelastic phases is no longer valid. In this research the feasibility of defining an efficient alternative combination method is investigated. Two steel moment-frame buildings denoted SAC-9 and SAC-20 under ten earthquake records are considered. The nonlinear responses of the structures are estimated by the directed algebraic combination of the weighted responses of the separate modes. The weight of the each mode is defined so that the resulted response of the combination has a minimum error to the nonlinear time history analysis. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the error and optimize the weight factors. The obtained optimal factors for each mode in different cases are compared together to find unique appropriate weight factors for each mode in all cases.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Modal Pushover, Optimalweight.
8259 Structural Damage Detection Using Sensors Optimally Located
Authors: Carlos Alberto Riveros, Edwin Fabián García, Javier Enrique Rivero
The measured data obtained from sensors in continuous monitoring of civil structures are mainly used for modal identification and damage detection. Therefore, when modal identification analysis is carried out the quality in the identification of the modes will highly influence the damage detection results. It is also widely recognized that the usefulness of the measured data used for modal identification and damage detection is significantly influenced by the number and locations of sensors. The objective of this study is the numerical implementation of two widely known optimum sensor placement methods in beam-like structures.
Keywords: Optimum sensor placement, structural damage detection, modal identification, beam-like structures.
8258 Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Cantilever Rectangular Plate Structure on Subsonic Flutter
Authors: Mevlüt Burak Dalmış, Kemal Yaman
In this study, flutter characteristics of cantilever rectangular plate structure under incompressible flow regime are investigated by comparing the results of commercial flutter analysis program ZAERO© with wind tunnel tests conducted in Ankara Wind Tunnel (ART). A rectangular polycarbonate (PC) plate, 5x125x1000 mm in dimensions, is used for both numerical and experimental investigations. Analysis and test results are very compatible with each other. A comparison between two different solution methods (g and k-method) of ZAERO© is also done. It is seen that, k-method gives closer result than the other one. However, g-method results are on conservative side and it is better to use conservative results namely g-method results. Even if the modal analysis results are used for the flutter analysis for this simple structure, a modal test should be conducted in order to validate the modal analysis results to have accurate flutter analysis results for more complicated structures.
Keywords: Flutter, plate, subsonic flow, wind tunnel.
8257 The Cracks Propagation Monitoring of a Cantilever Beam Using Modal Analysis
Authors: Morteza Raki, Abolghasem Zabihollah, Omid Askari
Cantilever beam is a simplified sample of a lot of mechanical components used in a wide range of applications, including many industries such as gas turbine blade. Due to the nature of the operating conditions, beams are subject to variety of damages especially crack propagates. Crack propagation may lead to catastrophic failure during operation. Therefore, online detection of crack presence and its propagation is very important and may reduce possible significant cost of the whole system failure. This paper aims to investigate the effect of cracks presence and crack propagation on one end fixed beam`s vibration. A finite element model will be developed for the blade in which the modal response of the structure with and without crack will be studied.
Keywords: Blade, crack propagation, health monitoring, modal analysis.
8256 Modal Analysis of Machine Tool Column Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Migbar Assefa
The performance of a machine tool is eventually assessed by its ability to produce a component of the required geometry in minimum time and at small operating cost. It is customary to base the structural design of any machine tool primarily upon the requirements of static rigidity and minimum natural frequency of vibration. The operating properties of machines like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut as well as the size of the work piece also have to be kept in mind by a machine tool structural designer. This paper presents a novel approach to the design of machine tool column for static and dynamic rigidity requirement. Model evaluation is done effectively through use of General Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS. Studies on machine tool column are used to illustrate finite element based concept evaluation technique. This paper also presents results obtained from the computations of thin walled box type columns that are subjected to torsional and bending loads in case of static analysis and also results from modal analysis. The columns analyzed are square and rectangle based tapered open column, column with cover plate, horizontal partitions and with apertures. For the analysis purpose a total of 70 columns were analyzed for bending, torsional and modal analysis. In this study it is observed that the orientation and aspect ratio of apertures have no significant effect on the static and dynamic rigidity of the machine tool structure.
Keywords: Finite Element Modeling, Modal Analysis, Machine tool structure, Static Analysis.
8255 On the Accuracy of Basic Modal Displacement Method Considering Various Earthquakes
Authors: Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi, Sadegh Balaghi, Ehsan Khojastehfar
Time history seismic analysis is supposed to be the most accurate method to predict the seismic demand of structures. On the other hand, the required computational time of this method toward achieving the result is its main deficiency. While being applied in optimization process, in which the structure must be analyzed thousands of time, reducing the required computational time of seismic analysis of structures makes the optimization algorithms more practical. Apparently, the invented approximate methods produce some amount of errors in comparison with exact time history analysis but the recently proposed method namely, Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) and Sum Root of the Sum of Squares (SRSS) drastically reduces the computational time by combination of peak responses in each mode. In the present research, the Basic Modal Displacement (BMD) method is introduced and applied towards estimation of seismic demand of main structure. Seismic demand of sampled structure is estimated by calculation of modal displacement of basic structure (in which the modal displacement has been calculated). Shear steel sampled structures are selected as case studies. The error applying the introduced method is calculated by comparison of the estimated seismic demands with exact time history dynamic analysis. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by application of three types of earthquakes (in view of time of peak ground acceleration).
Keywords: Time history dynamic analysis, basic modal displacement, earthquake induced demands, shear steel structures.
8254 Seismic Behavior Evaluation of Semi-Rigid Steel Frames with Knee Bracing by Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA)
Authors: Farzan Namvari, Panam Zarfam
Nowadays use of a new structural bracing system called 'Knee Bracing System' have taken the specialists attention too much. On the other hand nonlinear static analysis procedures in estimate structures performance in earthquake time have taken attention too much. One of these procedure is modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure. The accuracy of MPA procedure for simple steel moment resisting frame has been verified and considered in Chintanapakdee and Chopra-s article in 2003. Since the accuracy of MPA procedure has not verified for semi-rigid steel frames with knee bracing, we are going to get through with this matter in this study. For this purpose, the selected structures are four frames with different heights, 5 to 20 stories, will be designed according to AISC criteria. Then MPA procedure is used for the same frames with different rigidity percentiles of connections. The results of seismic responses are compared with dynamic nonlinear response history analysis as exact procedure and accuracy of MPA procedure is evaluated. It seems that MPA procedure accuracy will come down by reduction of the rigidity percentiles of semi-rigid connections.
Keywords: Knee Bracing, Modal Pushover Analysis, SeismicBehavior, Semi-Rigid Connections.
8253 Comparison between Pushover Analysis Techniques and Validation of the Simplified Modal Pushover Analysis
Authors: N. F. Hanna, A. M. Haridy
One of the main drawbacks of the Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) is the need to perform nonlinear time-history analysis, which complicates the analysis method and time. A simplified version of the MPA has been proposed based on the concept of the inelastic deformation ratio. Furthermore, the effect of the higher modes of vibration is considered by assuming linearly-elastic responses, which enables the use of standard elastic response spectrum analysis. In this thesis, the simplified MPA (SMPA) method is applied to determine the target global drift and the inter-story drifts of steel frame building. The effect of the higher vibration modes is considered within the framework of the SMPA. A comprehensive survey about the inelastic deformation ratio is presented. After that, a suitable expression from literature is selected for the inelastic deformation ratio and then implemented in the SMPA. The estimated seismic demands using the SMPA, such as target drift, base shear, and the inter-story drifts, are compared with the seismic responses determined by applying the standard MPA. The accuracy of the estimated seismic demands is validated by comparing with the results obtained by the nonlinear time-history analysis using real earthquake records.
Keywords: Modal analysis, pushover analysis, seismic performance, target displacement.
8252 Modal Analysis for Study of Minor Historical Architecture
Authors: Milorad Pavlovic, Anna Manzato, Antonella Cecchi
Cultural heritage conservation is a challenge for contemporary society. In recent decades, significant resources have been allocated for the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage. Historical buildings were restored, protected and reinforced with the intent to limit the risks of degradation or loss, due to phenomena of structural damage and to external factors such as differential settlements, earthquake effects, etc. The wide diffusion of historic masonry constructions in Italy, Europe and the Mediterranean area requires reliable tools for the evaluation of their structural safety. In this paper is presented a free modal analysis performed on a minor historical architecture located in the village of Bagno Grande, near the city of L'Aquila in Italy. The location is characterized by a complex urban context, seriously damaged by the earthquake of 2009. The aim of this work is to check the structural behavior of a masonry building characterized by several boundary conditions imposed by adjacent buildings and infrastructural facilities.
Keywords: FEM, masonry, minor historical architecture, modal analysis.
8251 Selection of Rayleigh Damping Coefficients for Seismic Response Analysis of Soil Layers
Authors: Huai-Feng Wang, Meng-Lin Lou, Ru-Lin Zhang
One good analysis method in seismic response analysis is direct time integration, which widely adopts Rayleigh damping. An approach is presented for selection of Rayleigh damping coefficients to be used in seismic analyses to produce a response that is consistent with Modal damping response. In the presented approach, the expression of the error of peak response, acquired through complete quadratic combination method, and Rayleigh damping coefficients was set up and then the coefficients were produced by minimizing the error. Two finite element modes of soil layers, excited by 28 seismic waves, were used to demonstrate the feasibility and validity.
Keywords: Rayleigh damping, modal damping, damping coefficients, seismic response analysis.
8250 FEM and Experimental Modal Analysis of Computer Mount
Authors: Vishwajit M. Ghatge, David Looper
Over the last few decades, oilfield service rolling equipment has significantly increased in weight, primarily because of emissions regulations, which require larger/heavier engines, larger cooling systems, and emissions after-treatment systems, in some cases, etc. Larger engines cause more vibration and shock loads, leading to failure of electronics and control systems. If the vibrating frequency of the engine matches the system frequency, high resonance is observed on structural parts and mounts. One such existing automated control equipment system comprising wire rope mounts used for mounting computers was designed approximately 12 years ago. This includes the use of an industrialgrade computer to control the system operation. The original computer had a smaller, lighter enclosure. After a few years, a newer computer version was introduced, which was 10 lbm heavier. Some failures of internal computer parts have been documented for cases in which the old mounts were used. Because of the added weight, there is a possibility of having the two brackets impact each other under off-road conditions, which causes a high shock input to the computer parts. This added failure mode requires validating the existing mount design to suit the new heavy-weight computer. This paper discusses the modal finite element method (FEM) analysis and experimental modal analysis conducted to study the effects of vibration on the wire rope mounts and the computer. The existing mount was modelled in ANSYS software, and resultant mode shapes and frequencies were obtained. The experimental modal analysis was conducted, and actual frequency responses were observed and recorded. Results clearly revealed that at resonance frequency, the brackets were colliding and potentially causing damage to computer parts. To solve this issue, spring mounts of different stiffness were modeled in ANSYS software, and the resonant frequency was determined. Increasing the stiffness of the system increased the resonant frequency zone away from the frequency window at which the engine showed heavy vibrations or resonance. After multiple iterations in ANSYS software, the stiffness of the spring mount was finalized, which was again experimentally validated.
Keywords: Experimental Modal Analysis, FEM Modal Analysis, Frequency, Modal Analysis, Resonance, Vibration.
8249 Innovation and Analysis of Vibrating Fork Level Switch
Authors: Kuen-Ming Shu, Cheng-Yu Chen
A vibrating-fork sensor can measure the level height of solids and liquids and operates according to the principle that vibrations created by piezoelectric ceramics are transmitted to the vibrating fork, which produces resonance. When the vibrating fork touches an object, its resonance frequency changes and produces a signal that returns to a controller for immediate adjustment, so as to effectively monitor raw material loading. The design of the vibrating fork in a vibrating-fork material sensor is crucial. In this paper, ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to perform modal analysis on the vibrations of the vibrating fork. In addition, to design and produce a superior vibrating fork, the dimensions and welding shape of the vibrating fork are compared in a simulation performed using the Taguchi method.
Keywords: Vibrating fork, piezoelectric ceramics, sound wave, ANSYS, Taguchi method, modal analysis.
8248 Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of Composite Structure Cracks
Authors: Omid A. Zargar
Material damages dynamic analysis is difficult to deal with different material geometry and mechanism. In addition, it is difficult to measure the dynamic behavior of cracks, debond and delamination inside the material. Different simulation methods are developed in recent years for different physical features of mechanical systems like vibration and acoustic. Nonlinear fractures are analyzed and identified for different locations in this paper. The main idea of this work is to perform dynamic analysis on different types of materials (from normal homogeneous material to complex composite laminates). Technical factors like cracks, voids, interfaces and the damages' locations are evaluated. In this project the modal analysis is performed on different types of materials. The results could be helpful in finding modal frequencies, natural frequencies, Time domain and fast Fourier transform (FFT) in industrial applications.
Keywords: Finite element method, dynamic analysis, vibration and acoustic, composite, crack, delamination.
8247 Modal Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Using an Inexpensive Smartphone Camera: Motion Magnification Technique
Authors: Hasan Hassoun, Jaafar Hallal, Denis Duhamel, Mohammad Hammoud, Ali Hage Diab
This paper aims to prove the accuracy of an inexpensive smartphone camera as a non-contact vibration sensor to recover the vibration modes of a vibrating structure such as a cantilever beam. A video of a vibrating beam is filmed using a smartphone camera and then processed by the motion magnification technique. Based on this method, the first two natural frequencies and their associated mode shapes are estimated experimentally and compared to the analytical ones. Results show a relative error of less than 4% between the experimental and analytical approaches for the first two natural frequencies of the beam. Also, for the first two-mode shapes, a Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) value of above 0.9 between the two approaches is obtained. This slight error between the different techniques ensures the viability of a cheap smartphone camera as a non-contact vibration sensor, particularly for structures vibrating at relatively low natural frequencies.
Keywords: Modal Analysis, motion magnification, smartphone camera, structural vibration, vibration modes.
8246 Classifying Turbomachinery Blade Mode Shapes Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ismail Abubakar, Hamid Mehrabi, Reg Morton
Currently, extensive signal analysis is performed in order to evaluate structural health of turbomachinery blades. This approach is affected by constraints of time and the availability of qualified personnel. Thus, new approaches to blade dynamics identification that provide faster and more accurate results are sought after. Generally, modal analysis is employed in acquiring dynamic properties of a vibrating turbomachinery blade and is widely adopted in condition monitoring of blades. The analysis provides useful information on the different modes of vibration and natural frequencies by exploring different shapes that can be taken up during vibration since all mode shapes have their corresponding natural frequencies. Experimental modal testing and finite element analysis are the traditional methods used to evaluate mode shapes with limited application to real live scenario to facilitate a robust condition monitoring scheme. For a real time mode shape evaluation, rapid evaluation and low computational cost is required and traditional techniques are unsuitable. In this study, artificial neural network is developed to evaluate the mode shape of a lab scale rotating blade assembly by using result from finite element modal analysis as training data. The network performance evaluation shows that artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of mapping the correlation between natural frequencies and mode shapes. This is achieved without the need of extensive signal analysis. The approach offers advantage from the perspective that the network is able to classify mode shapes and can be employed in real time including simplicity in implementation and accuracy of the prediction. The work paves the way for further development of robust condition monitoring system that incorporates real time mode shape evaluation.
Keywords: Modal analysis, artificial neural network, mode shape, natural frequencies, pattern recognition.
8245 Signal and Harmonic Analysis of a Compressor Blade for Identification of the Nonlinear Frequency Vibration
Authors: Farhad Asadi, Gholamhasan Payganeh
High-speed turbomachine can experience significant centrifugal and gas bending loads. As a result, the compressor blades must be able to resist high-frequency oscillations due to surge or stall condition in flow field dynamics. In this paper, vibration characteristics of the 6th stage blade compressor have been examined in detail with, using 3-D finite element (FE) methods. The primary aim of this article is to gain an understanding of nonlinear vibration induced in the blade against different loading conditions. The results indicate the nonlinear behavior of the blade as a result of the amplitude of resonances or material properties. Since one of the leading causes of turbine blade failure is high cycle fatigue, simulations were started by specifying the stress distribution in the blade due to the centrifugal rotation. Next, resonant frequencies and critical speeds of the blade were defined by modal analysis. Finally, the harmonic analysis was simulated on the blades.
Keywords: Nonlinear vibration, modal analysis, resonance, frequency response, compressor blade.
8244 Finite Element Method for Modal Analysis of FGM
Authors: S. J. Shahidzadeh Tabatabaei, A. M. Fattahi
Modal analysis of a FGM plate containing the ceramic phase of Al2O3 and metal phase of stainless steel 304 was performed using ABAQUS, with the assumptions that the material has an elastic mechanical behavior and its Young modulus and density are varying in thickness direction. For this purpose, a subroutine was written in FOTRAN and linked with ABAQUS. First, a simulation was performed in accordance to other researcher's model, and then after comparing the obtained results, the accuracy of the present study was verified. The obtained results for natural frequency and mode shapes indicate good performance of user-written subroutine as well as FEM model used in present study. After verification of obtained results, the effect of clamping condition and the material type (i.e. the parameter n) was investigated. In this respect, finite element analysis was carried out in fully clamped condition for different values of n. The results indicate that the natural frequency decreases with increase of n, since with increase of n, the amount of ceramic phase in FGM plate decreases, while the amount of metal phase increases, leading to decrease of the plate stiffness and hence, natural frequency, as the Young modulus of Al2O3 is equal to 380 GPa and the Young modulus of stainless steel 304 is equal to 207 GPa.
Keywords: FGM plates, Modal analysis, Natural frequency, Finite element method.
8243 Structural Analysis of Stiffened FGM Thick Walled Cylinders by Application of a New Cylindrical Super Element
Authors: S. A. Moeini, M. T.Ahmadian
Structural behavior of ring stiffened thick walled cylinders made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is investigated in this paper. Functionally graded materials are inhomogeneous composites which are usually made from a mixture of metal and ceramic. The gradient compositional variation of the constituents from one surface to the other provides an elegant solution to the problem of high transverse shear stresses that are induced when two dissimilar materials with large differences in material properties are bonded. FGM formation of the cylinder is modeled by power-law exponent and the variation of characteristics is supposed to be in radial direction. A finite element formulation is derived for the analysis. According to the property variation of the constituent materials in the radial direction of the wall, it is not convenient to use conventional elements to model and analyze the structure of the stiffened FGM cylinders. In this paper a new cylindrical super-element is used to model the finite element formulation and analyze the static and modal behavior of stiffened FGM thick walled cylinders. By using this super-element the number of elements, which are needed for modeling, will reduce significantly and the process time is less in comparison with conventional finite element formulations. Results for static and modal analysis are evaluated and verified by comparison to finite element formulation with conventional elements. Comparison indicates a good conformity between results.
Keywords: FGMs, Modal analysis, Static analysis, Stiffened cylinders.
8242 Nonlinear and Chaotic Motions for a Shock Absorbing Structure Supported by Nonlinear Springs with Hysteresis Using Fast FEA
Authors: T. Yamaguchi, Y. Kurosawa, S. Maruyama, K. Tobita, Y. Hirano, K. Yokouchi, K. Kihara, T. Sunaga
This paper describes dynamic analysis using proposed fast finite element method for a shock absorbing structure including a sponge. The structure is supported by nonlinear concentrated springs. The restoring force of the spring has cubic nonlinearity and linear hysteresis damping. To calculate damping properties for the structures including elastic body and porous body, displacement vectors as common unknown variable are solved under coupled condition. Under small amplitude, we apply asymptotic method to complex eigenvalue problem of this system to obtain modal parameters. And then expressions of modal loss factor are derived approximately. This approach was proposed by one of the authors previously. We call this method as Modal Strain and Kinetic Energy Method (MSKE method). Further, using the modal loss factors, the discretized equations in physical coordinate are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary coupled equations using normal coordinate corresponding to linear natural modes. This transformation yields computation efficiency. As a numerical example of a shock absorbing structures, we adopt double skins with a sponge. The double skins are supported by nonlinear concentrated springs. We clarify influences of amplitude of the input force on nonlinear and chaotic responses.
Keywords: Dynamic response, Nonlinear and chaotic motions, Finite Element analysis, Numerical analysis.
8241 Mechanical Characteristics on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Aluminium Plate
Authors: A. Chellil, A. Nour, S. Lecheb, H. Mechakra, L. Addar, H. Kebir
This paper present a mechanical characteristics on fatigue crack propagation in Aluminium Plate based on strain and stress distribution using the abaqus software. The changes in shear strain and stress distribution during the fatigue cycle with crack growth is identified. In progressive crack in the strain distribution and the stress is increase in the critical zone. Numerical Modal analysis of the model developed, prove that the Eigen frequencies of aluminium plate were decreased after cracking, and this reduce is nonlinear. These results can provide a reference for analysts and designers of aluminium alloys in aeronautical systems.
Therefore, the modal analysis is an important factor for monitoring the aeronautic structures.
Keywords: Aluminium alloys, plate, crack, failure.
8240 Modal Dynamic Analysis of a Mechanism with Deformable Elements from an Oil Pump Unit Structure
Authors: N. Dumitru, S. Dumitru, C. Copilusi, N. Ploscaru
On this research, experimental analyses have been performed in order to determine the oil pump mechanism dynamics and stability from an oil unit mechanical structure. The experimental tests were focused on the vibrations which occur inside of the rod element during functionality of the oil pump unit. The oil pump mechanism dynamic parameters were measured and also determined through numerical computations. Entire research is based on the oil pump unit mechanical system virtual prototyping. For a complete analysis of the mechanism, the frequency dynamic response was identified, mainly for the mechanism driven element, based on two methods: processing and virtual simulations with MSC Adams aid and experimental analysis. In fact, through this research, a complete methodology is presented where numerical simulations of a mechanism with deformed elements are developed on a dynamic mode and these can be correlated with experimental tests.
Keywords: Modal dynamic analysis, oil pump, vibrations, flexible elements, frequency response.
8239 Experimental Modal Analysis and Model Validation of Antenna Structures
Authors: B.R. Potgieter, G. Venter
Numerical design optimization is a powerful tool that can be used by engineers during any stage of the design process. There are many different applications for structural optimization. A specific application that will be discussed in the following paper is experimental data matching. Data obtained through tests on a physical structure will be matched with data from a numerical model of that same structure. The data of interest will be the dynamic characteristics of an antenna structure focusing on the mode shapes and modal frequencies. The structure used was a scaled and simplified model of the Karoo Array Telescope-7 (KAT-7) antenna structure. This kind of data matching is a complex and difficult task. This paper discusses how optimization can assist an engineer during the process of correlating a finite element model with vibration test data.
Keywords: Finite Element Model (FEM), Karoo Array Telescope(KAT-7), modal frequencies, mode shapes, optimization, shape optimization, size optimization, vibration tests
8238 Impact of Proposed Modal Shift from Private Users to Bus Rapid Transit System: An Indian City Case Study
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Fatima Electricwala
One of the major thrusts of the Bus Rapid Transit System is to reduce the commuter's dependency on private vehicles and increase the shares of public transport to make urban transportation system environmentally sustainable. In this study, commuter mode choice analysis is performed that examines behavioral responses to the proposed Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat, with estimation of the probable shift from private mode to public mode. Further, evaluation of the BRTS scenarios, using Surat's transportation ecological footprint was done. A multi-modal simulation model was developed in Biogeme environment to explicitly consider private users behaviors and non-linear environmental impact. The data of the different factors (variables) and its impact that might cause modal shift of private mode users to proposed BRTS were collected through home-interview survey using revealed and stated preference approach. A multi modal logit model of mode-choice was then calibrated using the collected data and validated using proposed sample. From this study, a set of perception factors, with reliable and predictable data base, to explain the variation in modal shift behaviour and their impact on Surat's ecological environment has been identified. A case study of the proposed BRTS connecting the Surat Industrial Hub to the coastal area is provided to illustrate the approach.
Keywords: BRTS, Private Modes, Mode choice models, Ecological footprint.


text:
<!doctype html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>ClojureScript</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/main.css">

    <canvas id="canvas"></canvas>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The second stage of the John o'Groats trail follows a minor road from Culbokie before joining the A9 causeway across the Cromarty Firth - busy with traffic, but giving great views. It then leaves the busy road verge and soon joins a minor road to the village of Evanton. From Evanton to Alness it follows the Sustrans cycle route that runs by the B817 to reach Alness.
Mostly minor roads and surfaced cycle path; a short section follows a pavement and then the verge of the busy A9. Short section on a woodland track.
Culbokie has an infrequent bus service to Inverness. Alness has good bus links and a railway station.
Culbokie. Open start point in Google Maps for directions.
Heading east along the B9169 through Culbokie, turn left onto a minor road just past the Culbokie Inn. The road descends gently with great views across the Cromarty Firth to Ben Wyvis, with the A9 causeway and bridge you are shortly to cross in clear view. Follow the road until it meets the B9163 near the Firth, then turn left to reach the very busy A9.
Cross this with great care and then proceed to the right along the verge on the far side. Once on the bridge there is a pavement. The bridge opened in 1979 and became part of the main A9 in 1982; although extremely busy with traffic alongside, the pavement along the bridge offers some superb views across the Firth towards Dingwall and the mountains of Strathfarrar and Strathconon. When you reach the roundabout at the far side, keep to the left of the roundabout, crossing the A862 exit with great care and heading round to continue along the grassy verge on the north side of the A9 towards Wick / Thurso.
After a short distance a locked gate on the left gives access to a track which slopes up into the woods, leaving the traffic behind. At the top of the woods the track leads over a private level crossing and eventually up to a bungalow. Turn right onto a wider track here, soon reaching Ardurlie Farm. At the farm bear left to head up to the minor road, and then turn right along it.
Follow the road through very pleasant countryside, ignoring turns to both left and right. After 3km it reaches the edge of Evanton; a short distance further on turn left at the war memorial to follow the pavement into the centre of the village. The road leads past the shop and the Novar Arms.
Continue along the road until a sign indicates the start of a cycle path running parallel on the opposite side. Follow this, passing alongside a layby; when it reaches a private garden, signs indicate to switch briefly to the other side of the road before returning to the south side. The cycleway is separated from the road by trees, giving pleasant walking; the Fyrish monument is prominent up to the left. When a branching road cuts across the cyclepath, go straight across.
Further on the cyclepath again switches to the opposite side of the road - it does this three times. Eventually the junction with the busy B9176 is reached - turn left along the pavement, and then just after the road turning for Alness on the opposite side of the road, cross with care to follow the pavement of that road towards Alness.
The pavement / cyclepath continues until the edge of Alness. Fork left to follow a lane past the Alness burial ground with its ruined church. Cross the bridge and follow the lane, going straight across at a larger road. Eventually the lane rejoins the main road and the pavement leads into the centre of Alness. This stage of the walk ends at the bridge over the River Averon - the High Street with all services is a short distance further on.


His Desire, Book 2 of the Montclair Chronicles was released this week by Siren BookStrand. His Desire and His Obsession, Book 1 of the Montclair Chronicles are #1 and #2 in the Top 10 of BookStrand's Mainstream Top Sellers today. Buy or read an excerpt of His Desire (on sale for $3.59 thru June 6th) and His Obsession at http://www.bookstrand.com/node/834699.
William Montclair, the only child and heir of the Earl of Ashford, is determined to find a wife who will bear the children he needs and accept what he has to offer—marriage without love. Georgiana Janson fell in love with William Montclair during the war but she can't accept what Will offers—love without marriage. When her circumstances change, Georgi must decide what she wants in her life. Too late, Will discovers what he needs most in his. He mounts a campaign to court and win the love of his life.
His father, who usually sipped his brandy, savoring its rich flavor, drank deeply and exhaled.
The brandy burned as it spewed out his nose and sprayed his spotless cravat. He gasped for air, then choked, laboring to catch his breath.
It was several moments before he could speak. "No, Father, I can assure you that I am not. You yourself have chastised me for my exploits as a young man." Some of the Ashford Hall staff and the village women had been very open to his attentions, indeed, had even seduced him. But his father had held him responsible and punished him accordingly.


text:
Why I'm taking a GCSE in prison
Home > Stories > Why I'm taking a GCSE in prison
As millions of people around the country find out their GCSE results, we share the stories of three students behind bars, all of whom were funded by PET.
"I have long thought about the opportunities that have passed me by in my early teenage years."
Michael, GCSE English
'Michael' – who is in his late thirties – works as an orderly in his prison's education department. Having already successfully completed a number of courses, including peer mentoring, he has chosen to take up the education he missed earlier in life, after spending 13 years in prison.
Writing to PET, he said: "I have long thought about the opportunities that have passed me by in my early teenage years. The same opportunities that at the time I thought were pointless (or irrelevant, so to speak), as I was seeking greatness in a life of ignorance.
"I still have a long way to go in terms of my sentence… This doesn't mean that I don't have a plan, I'm just keeping my options open for now. However having a GCSE is one of my short-term goals I have set whilst I await my release. Kind of like when a country builds up from the bottom – it works on its infrastructure first, then it offers its services (or exports) second."
"The subject that I am drawn towards is English… I feel that I at least need to gain a GCSE in the language that I speak. After which I may consider gaining a GCSE in Maths so to bolster the chances of employment upon my release."
Jamie, GCSE Maths
'Jamie', who is 20, was funded by PET earlier this year to take his Maths GCSE. He sees the qualification as the first step of his learning journey and a vital part of preparing for life after his release next year.
In his application letter, Jamie said: "Unfortunately, I did not have the opportunity to complete my Mathematics GCSE before leaving school, but I want to take this opportunity to change that and undertake my examination before my release from custody.
"I have a number of reasons for wanting to undertake this course: to increase my opportunities of employment and further education after release; to develop my skills and knowledge in a subject area which I have a keen interest; to address some of my sentence plan targets, especially education, training and employment.
"I do realise that achieving my aspirations will be difficult due to the circumstances I find myself in at the moment, however I am now taking control of this part of my life by planning my learning journey."
Jamal, GCSE Science
'Jamal' had no qualifications when he came to prison, now aged 30 he has used his time inside to build up his skillset including Level 1 and 2 in Literacy, Numeracy, IT, and Painting and Decorating.
But Jamal is setting his sights high – his ultimate goal is to work in the science sector on cutting-edge research. To help him move towards that goal, he was funded by PET this January to take the Combined Science IGCSE with NEC.
In his application letter to PET, he wrote that it would be good to know that he's helped advance scientific knowledge.
"It [would be] good to know I've helped or taken part in scientific breakthroughs in today's world, whether it be by my understanding of the different sciences or by helping another with their work."
Jamal's learning and skills manager is very supportive of his ambitions, saying: "Jamal is a very keen and capable individual who wants to progress in relation to his educational levels and achieve as much as he can to enable him to have a better future once released."
Every year PET supports 2,000 people with education. Help us fund more >
30 May 2019 | Distance learning, Open University, Women
Learning to break the habit – Emma's story
'Emma' started her life sentence with a history of domestic violence and addiction. She tells PET how studying for a degree in English Literature helped her towards recovery and a positive future.
31 Jul 2019 | Piers, HMP Pentonville | Distance learning, Learner voice, Mentoring
My work as a prisoner education mentor
Piers, a prisoner at HMP Pentonville, also works as a distance learning mentor, supporting other men to access education that he sees as life-changing.


text:
May 6, 2021|72 Views
Mary Ramirez
AJ Luna, sophomore from Grand Prairie, Texas, has caught 30 games this season. In her time as a Lady Saint, she has played in more than 80 games.
The Lady Saints softball team travels to Dodge City for the Region VI tournament on May 7 at Legends Park. They play their first game at 3 p.m. against Hutchinson Community College.
Seward is ranked fifth going into the tournament with an overall record of 17-15. Hutchinson is one game up and ranked slightly higher. The last time the two teams met in April, Hutchinson swept the doubleheader decisively. The Lady Saints became a different team after those losses. They are riding a seven-game win streak going into the tournament.
If the Lady Saints win the first game, they will advance to the next round to play the winner of the Colby and Barton matchup on Saturday at 11 a.m. If Seward loses, they will move own to the loser's bracket and play the losers of that same matchup on Saturday at 9 a.m.
Mary Ramirez, Reporter
Mary Ramirez is a sophomore majoring in Behavioral Science with hopes of becoming a child therapist. Her hobbies include...
Softball splits games with Independence