text:
April 5, 2014 November 1, 2015 beyondthekremlin
The historical origins of Vladimir Putin (1)
John McCain, the senior US Senator from Arizona, outspoken member of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee and Barack Obama's opponent for the presidency in 2008, calls Vladimir Putin 'an unreconstructed Russian imperialist and KGB apparatchik'. Agree with it or not, this represents the most common way of explaining Putin to people in the 'West'. It's a curiosity that McCain and so many others insist with such obsessive repetition that Putin is the straightforward product not only of his own past but of centuries of his country's history. But how much does Russian history really explain Vladimir Putin?
In a compelling book, The Putin Mystique, Anna Arutunyan probes the historical antecedents and contexts of Putin's presidency. With charm and skill, she describes a contemporary Kremlin which is medieval not only in its architecture. She contends that Putin has successfully generated a religious mystique around himself. He has drawn on one of the traditional attributes of the Russian autocrat: his capacity for eliciting the religious obeisance of his subjects. This unmediated relationship between Putin and each Russian person is a feature of a society that is atomized, that lacks robust civil organizations. So it has always been.
Meanwhile, one of the world's leading historians of the Stalin period, Professor Arch Getty of the University of California at Los Angeles, has recently drawn a political line between Muscovite and Putin-era Russia. He emphasizes 'the persistence of practice', drawing attention to weak institutions, patrimonial ties, clan politics, and, above all, the eclipse of law by informal connections and shadowy decision-making. They might not all have been equally violent, but Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Stalin and Putin have all been doing politics the same way, and Gorbachev never stood a chance.
Such arguments ultimately point to Russian exceptionalism. As the biggest country in the world with unique problems and opportunities, Russia no doubt is exceptional. But many of its characteristics are shared in different forms and combinations by other leading powers. And Russia is also part of the world around itself (and, many of us would maintain, part of the West, not the anti-West). Study of the longue durée of Russian corruption and autocracy shines a bright light on the framework of Putin's presidency. But the light is not strong enough to illuminate the details or to indicate the future. Russia's contemporary reality is also the result of the flawed international politics of the post-Cold War years, of the personalities of Gorbachev and Yeltsin, of the shifting opinions of particular advisers, of the obscure details of big business transactions, of the accumulation of countless unrelated decisions that in themselves were often trivial. Historians are usually convinced that the past has created the present. But they generally recognize that it has done so in a chaotic way. For sure, the keys to understanding Putin's presidency are historical. The problem is that historians, those best qualified to talk about the past, will never be sure which key really fits the lock until Putin himself is history.
(Image from March 2015: http://thebricspost.com/putin-echoes-chinese-president-warns-against-distorting-history/#.VjYtZes7Y5Q)
Russia-and-the-West
Previous Khrushchev drops round
Next Russian patriotism in Crimea: Tsar, Stalin, Putin


Now this is for all the godly flesh, you know who you are, the superfine that know how to move.
You make me feel alive, your vibe running all over the air, with all that class.
Oh yes and when she bends down, I said, and when she bends down, wowow.
You make my mind kink.
extremely ooliosa, extremely ooliosa, extremely ooliosa. Superlicious, of all creation.
Your legs make it a magic floor, you're so wow, stand there, can you hear me stand there?
Now hear me superfine, every man alive, down deep in his mind loves you.
Can't you feel it? Well make some damn noise.
Hey Lenny I was down on 33rd and Broad and man this superfine came down and she shot the whole damn block down.
I could see her comin here from a mile away standing right here under the 59th street bridge.
See her ooing radiation, turned on a shock wave, straight down south to Dixie.


text:
Cooking Is a Family Affair
November 3, 2014 - Featured, People & Places - Comments:
Text by Rodika Tollefson Photography by Loren Lindell
Millie Lindell gets to spend quite a bit of time with her five grandchildren. Both she and her adult son and daughter live on Fox Island, so the family spends a lot of time together.
But Lindell wanted a special project with her grandkids — something that would create lifelong memories. The solution? A cookbook that the six of them could produce together.
"Cooking Around the World with Grandma," self-published last year, is a collection of recipes from around the world. Lindell and the kids took part of a summer to research, plan, cook and serve the meals to the entire family, and in the process kept notes and photographed their adventures for the book.
"The goal was to build a relationship with the grandkids and with each other," Lindell said.
Every youngster had a job. Willow Bonnici, now 5, did much of the stirring. Her brother, Wesley, now 7, helped cook as well. Teah Lindell, 14, decorated the tables for the photographs using each country as a theme. Her sister, Madison, 15, was the graphic designer for the project, creating the book and the cover. The oldest, Lorin Lindell, who is now 18, cooked.
Millie Lindell and her five grandchildren
The six started out by brainstorming favorite foods and countries.
"The first country (China) was the hardest so we started with basics and went from there," Teah said.
They used multiple resources, both from the library and the internet, to choose recipes for each of the six countries. Each country includes a three-course menu as well as some fun facts about the culture. The recipes range from the more familiar foods such as Greek salad, tamales and egg rolls, to the more unusual such as Bucatini All'Amatriciana (Italy) and Boca Negra Mini Cakes (Mexico). Every recipe the family made during the project went into the book, even the "mystery stew" from Switzerland that was everyone's least favorite.
"We tried to find something that captured our interests," Lorin said. "A lot of the recipes were kept simple so kids could do them."
Each of the cousins ended up with a favorite food — like chocolate fondue for Madison and Thai barbecue chicken for Teah. But they all made sure to get a taste for each culture by doing research, and for a variety of foods by tasting them all.
"It's important to experience things even if they're not our cup of tea," Lorin said.
The two sets of the kids' parents were hands off during the six-week affair. Their job was to enjoy the meal and give feedback.
"I thought it was a neat idea and a great way to create memories," said Tracey Lindell, the mother of the three oldest girls. "We do a lot of family dinners so it reiterated the concept for them."
Besides a book to show off, the cousins are happy to have learned new things. Teah, for example, discovered she has a love for decorating, while Madison enjoyed being hands-on with technology.
Lorin, on the other hand, cooks a lot more for her family and her friends. "This gave me the skills to take any recipe and perfect it and change it into my own," she said.
From "Cooking Around the World With Grandma"
1 pound mixed nuts, chopped
1 package phyllo dough (16 oz)
2 cups butter, melted
1 tsp lemon zest, grated
Preheat oven to 350F. Butter a 9-by-13-inch baking dish.
Toss together cinnamon and nuts. Unroll phyllo dough and cut whole stack in half to fit the dish. Cover dough with a damp cloth while assembling the baklava, to keep it from drying out.
Place two sheets of phyllo dough in the bottom of the prepared dish. Brush generously with butter. Sprinkle 2-3 tablespoons of the nut mixture on top. Repeat layers until all ingredients are used, ending with about 6 sheets of phyllo. Using a sharp knife, cut baklava (all the way through to the bottom of the dish) into four long rows, then (nine times) diagonally to make 36 diamond shapes. Bake in preheated oven 50 minutes, until golden and crisp.
While baklava is baking, combine sugar and water in a small saucepan over medium heat and bring to boil. Stir in honey, vanilla and lemon zest; reduce heat and simmer 20 minutes.
Remove the baklava from the oven and immediately spoon the syrup over it. Let cool completely before serving. Store uncovered.
They're also learning the art of marketing and public speaking, organizing book signings and cooking demonstrations to help promote the book.
Millie Lindell said she loves seeing other grandparents get excited about an idea for something they, too, can do with their grandchildren. And she and the grandkids are already considering the possibility of the next project, an ABC book.
Most importantly, she said, "Cooking Around the World with Grandma" accomplished what Lindell set out to do — help the family bond and create fun memories. Especially since the kids are so busy with their own activities — from soccer and karate to sailing and robotics — that it's becoming more challenging to carve out time together.
"The family got to eat and we got to cook, what could be better?" Teah said. "The best part was when our families got together and appreciated the meal — and we had a part in that."
"Cooking Around the World with Grandma" is available at Mostly Books and Teaching Toys Too in Gig Harbor and Liberty Bay Books in Poulsbo, as well as online at Amazon.
Tags: baking, books, cooking, culinary arts, food, home, how-tos, people, recipes
Rodika Tollefson
An award-winning writer who lives on the Key Peninsula with her husband and three sons. She is a contributing editor and blog manager for WSHG, and also writes for several local publications and produces videos. Her work has been published in regional and national publications; she also writes for companies and organizations. She holds a... (see more by Rodika Tollefson)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import {
  SelectionSetNode,
  Kind,
  FieldNode,
  FragmentSpreadNode,
  InlineFragmentNode,
  GraphQLNamedType,
  isObjectType,
  isUnionType,
  isInterfaceType,
  GraphQLSchema,
  GraphQLField,
  SchemaMetaFieldDef,
  TypeMetaFieldDef,
  SelectionNode,
  isListType,
  isNonNullType,
  GraphQLObjectType,
  GraphQLOutputType,
  isTypeSubTypeOf,
  DirectiveNode,
} from 'graphql';
import {
  getPossibleTypes,
  separateSelectionSet,
  getFieldNodeNameValue,
  DeclarationBlock,
  mergeSelectionSets,
  hasConditionalDirectives,
} from './utils.js';
import { NormalizedScalarsMap, ConvertNameFn, LoadedFragment, GetFragmentSuffixFn } from './types.js';
import { BaseVisitorConvertOptions } from './base-visitor.js';
import { getBaseType } from '@graphql-codegen/plugin-helpers';
import { ParsedDocumentsConfig } from './base-documents-visitor.js';
import {
  LinkField,
  PrimitiveAliasedFields,
  PrimitiveField,
  BaseSelectionSetProcessor,
  ProcessResult,
  NameAndType,
} from './selection-set-processor/base.js';
import autoBind from 'auto-bind';
import { getRootTypes } from '@graphql-tools/utils';
import { createHash } from 'crypto';

type FragmentSpreadUsage = {
  fragmentName: string;
  typeName: string;
  onType: string;
  selectionNodes: Array<SelectionNode>;
};

function isMetadataFieldName(name: string) {
  return ['__schema', '__type'].includes(name);
}

const metadataFieldMap: Record<string, GraphQLField<any, any>> = {
  __schema: SchemaMetaFieldDef,
  __type: TypeMetaFieldDef,
};

export class SelectionSetToObject<Config extends ParsedDocumentsConfig = ParsedDocumentsConfig> {
  protected _primitiveFields: PrimitiveField[] = [];
  protected _primitiveAliasedFields: PrimitiveAliasedFields[] = [];
  protected _linksFields: LinkField[] = [];
  protected _queriedForTypename = false;

  constructor(
    protected _processor: BaseSelectionSetProcessor<any>,
    protected _scalars: NormalizedScalarsMap,
    protected _schema: GraphQLSchema,
    protected _convertName: ConvertNameFn<BaseVisitorConvertOptions>,
    protected _getFragmentSuffix: GetFragmentSuffixFn,
    protected _loadedFragments: LoadedFragment[],
    protected _config: Config,
    protected _parentSchemaType?: GraphQLNamedType,
    protected _selectionSet?: SelectionSetNode
  ) {
    autoBind(this);
  }

  public createNext(parentSchemaType: GraphQLNamedType, selectionSet: SelectionSetNode): SelectionSetToObject {
    return new SelectionSetToObject(
      this._processor,
      this._scalars,
      this._schema,
      this._convertName.bind(this),
      this._getFragmentSuffix.bind(this),
      this._loadedFragments,
      this._config,
      parentSchemaType,
      selectionSet
    );
  }

  /**
   * traverse the inline fragment nodes recursively for collecting the selectionSets on each type
   */
  _collectInlineFragments(
    parentType: GraphQLNamedType,
    nodes: InlineFragmentNode[],
    types: Map<string, Array<SelectionNode | FragmentSpreadUsage | DirectiveNode>>
  ) {
    if (isListType(parentType) || isNonNullType(parentType)) {
      return this._collectInlineFragments(parentType.ofType as GraphQLNamedType, nodes, types);
    }
    if (isObjectType(parentType)) {
      for (const node of nodes) {
        const typeOnSchema = node.typeCondition ? this._schema.getType(node.typeCondition.name.value) : parentType;
        const { fields, inlines, spreads } = separateSelectionSet(node.selectionSet.selections);
        const spreadsUsage = this.buildFragmentSpreadsUsage(spreads);
        const directives = (node.directives as DirectiveNode[]) || undefined;

        if (isObjectType(typeOnSchema)) {
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, typeOnSchema.name, fields);
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, typeOnSchema.name, spreadsUsage[typeOnSchema.name]);
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, typeOnSchema.name, directives);
          this._collectInlineFragments(typeOnSchema, inlines, types);
        } else if (isInterfaceType(typeOnSchema) && parentType.getInterfaces().includes(typeOnSchema)) {
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, parentType.name, fields);
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, parentType.name, spreadsUsage[parentType.name]);
          this._collectInlineFragments(typeOnSchema, inlines, types);
        }
      }
    } else if (isInterfaceType(parentType)) {
      const possibleTypes = getPossibleTypes(this._schema, parentType);

      for (const node of nodes) {
        const schemaType = node.typeCondition ? this._schema.getType(node.typeCondition.name.value) : parentType;
        const { fields, inlines, spreads } = separateSelectionSet(node.selectionSet.selections);
        const spreadsUsage = this.buildFragmentSpreadsUsage(spreads);

        if (isObjectType(schemaType) && possibleTypes.find(possibleType => possibleType.name === schemaType.name)) {
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, schemaType.name, fields);
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, schemaType.name, spreadsUsage[schemaType.name]);
          this._collectInlineFragments(schemaType, inlines, types);
        } else if (isInterfaceType(schemaType) && schemaType.name === parentType.name) {
          for (const possibleType of possibleTypes) {
            this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, fields);
            this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, spreadsUsage[possibleType.name]);
            this._collectInlineFragments(schemaType, inlines, types);
          }
        } else {
          // it must be an interface type that is spread on an interface field
          for (const possibleType of possibleTypes) {
            if (!node.typeCondition) {
              throw new Error('Invalid state. Expected type condition for interface spread on a interface field.');
            }
            const fragmentSpreadType = this._schema.getType(node.typeCondition.name.value);
            // the field should only be added to the valid selections
            // in case the possible type actually implements the given interface
            if (isTypeSubTypeOf(this._schema, possibleType, fragmentSpreadType)) {
              this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, fields);
              this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, spreadsUsage[possibleType.name]);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (isUnionType(parentType)) {
      const possibleTypes = parentType.getTypes();

      for (const node of nodes) {
        const schemaType = node.typeCondition ? this._schema.getType(node.typeCondition.name.value) : parentType;
        const { fields, inlines, spreads } = separateSelectionSet(node.selectionSet.selections);
        const spreadsUsage = this.buildFragmentSpreadsUsage(spreads);

        if (isObjectType(schemaType) && possibleTypes.find(possibleType => possibleType.name === schemaType.name)) {
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, schemaType.name, fields);
          this._appendToTypeMap(types, schemaType.name, spreadsUsage[schemaType.name]);
          this._collectInlineFragments(schemaType, inlines, types);
        } else if (isInterfaceType(schemaType)) {
          const possibleInterfaceTypes = getPossibleTypes(this._schema, schemaType);

          for (const possibleType of possibleTypes) {
            if (
              possibleInterfaceTypes.find(possibleInterfaceType => possibleInterfaceType.name === possibleType.name)
            ) {
              this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, fields);
              this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, spreadsUsage[possibleType.name]);
              this._collectInlineFragments(schemaType, inlines, types);
            }
          }
        } else {
          for (const possibleType of possibleTypes) {
            this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, fields);
            this._appendToTypeMap(types, possibleType.name, spreadsUsage[possibleType.name]);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  protected _createInlineFragmentForFieldNodes(
    parentType: GraphQLNamedType,
    fieldNodes: FieldNode[]
  ): InlineFragmentNode {
    return {
      kind: Kind.INLINE_FRAGMENT,
      typeCondition: {
        kind: Kind.NAMED_TYPE,
        name: {
          kind: Kind.NAME,
          value: parentType.name,
        },
      },
      directives: [],
      selectionSet: {
        kind: Kind.SELECTION_SET,
        selections: fieldNodes,
      },
    };
  }

  protected buildFragmentSpreadsUsage(spreads: FragmentSpreadNode[]): Record<string, FragmentSpreadUsage[]> {
    const selectionNodesByTypeName: Record<string, FragmentSpreadUsage[]> = {};

    for (const spread of spreads) {
      const fragmentSpreadObject = this._loadedFragments.find(lf => lf.name === spread.name.value);

      if (fragmentSpreadObject) {
        const schemaType = this._schema.getType(fragmentSpreadObject.onType);
        const possibleTypesForFragment = getPossibleTypes(this._schema, schemaType);

        for (const possibleType of possibleTypesForFragment) {
          const fragmentSuffix = this._getFragmentSuffix(spread.name.value);
          const usage = this.buildFragmentTypeName(
            spread.name.value,
            fragmentSuffix,
            possibleTypesForFragment.length === 1 ? null : possibleType.name
          );

          if (!selectionNodesByTypeName[possibleType.name]) {
            selectionNodesByTypeName[possibleType.name] = [];
          }

          selectionNodesByTypeName[possibleType.name].push({
            fragmentName: spread.name.value,
            typeName: usage,
            onType: fragmentSpreadObject.onType,
            selectionNodes: [...fragmentSpreadObject.node.selectionSet.selections],
          });
        }
      }
    }

    return selectionNodesByTypeName;
  }

  protected flattenSelectionSet(
    selections: ReadonlyArray<SelectionNode>
  ): Map<string, Array<SelectionNode | FragmentSpreadUsage>> {
    const selectionNodesByTypeName = new Map<string, Array<SelectionNode | FragmentSpreadUsage>>();
    const inlineFragmentSelections: InlineFragmentNode[] = [];
    const fieldNodes: FieldNode[] = [];
    const fragmentSpreads: FragmentSpreadNode[] = [];

    for (const selection of selections) {
      switch (selection.kind) {
        case Kind.FIELD:
          fieldNodes.push(selection);
          break;
        case Kind.INLINE_FRAGMENT:
          inlineFragmentSelections.push(selection);
          break;
        case Kind.FRAGMENT_SPREAD:
          fragmentSpreads.push(selection);
          break;
      }
    }

    if (fieldNodes.length) {
      inlineFragmentSelections.push(this._createInlineFragmentForFieldNodes(this._parentSchemaType, fieldNodes));
    }

    this._collectInlineFragments(this._parentSchemaType, inlineFragmentSelections, selectionNodesByTypeName);
    const fragmentsUsage = this.buildFragmentSpreadsUsage(fragmentSpreads);

    for (const [typeName, records] of Object.entries(fragmentsUsage)) {
      this._appendToTypeMap(selectionNodesByTypeName, typeName, records);
    }

    return selectionNodesByTypeName;
  }

  private _appendToTypeMap<T = SelectionNode>(types: Map<string, Array<T>>, typeName: string, nodes: Array<T>): void {
    if (!types.has(typeName)) {
      types.set(typeName, []);
    }

    if (nodes && nodes.length > 0) {
      types.get(typeName).push(...nodes);
    }
  }

  /**
   * mustAddEmptyObject indicates that not all possible types on a union or interface field are covered.
   */
  protected _buildGroupedSelections(): { grouped: Record<string, string[]>; mustAddEmptyObject: boolean } {
    if (!this._selectionSet || !this._selectionSet.selections || this._selectionSet.selections.length === 0) {
      return { grouped: {}, mustAddEmptyObject: true };
    }

    const selectionNodesByTypeName = this.flattenSelectionSet(this._selectionSet.selections);

    // in case there is not a selection for each type, we need to add a empty type.
    let mustAddEmptyObject = false;

    const possibleTypes = getPossibleTypes(this._schema, this._parentSchemaType);

    if (!this._config.mergeFragmentTypes || this._config.inlineFragmentTypes === 'mask') {
      const grouped = possibleTypes.reduce((prev, type) => {
        const typeName = type.name;
        const schemaType = this._schema.getType(typeName);

        if (!isObjectType(schemaType)) {
          throw new TypeError(`Invalid state! Schema type ${typeName} is not a valid GraphQL object!`);
        }

        const selectionNodes = selectionNodesByTypeName.get(typeName) || [];

        if (!prev[typeName]) {
          prev[typeName] = [];
        }

        const { fields } = this.buildSelectionSet(schemaType, selectionNodes);
        const transformedSet = this.selectionSetStringFromFields(fields);

        if (transformedSet) {
          prev[typeName].push(transformedSet);
        } else {
          mustAddEmptyObject = true;
        }

        return prev;
      }, {} as Record<string, string[]>);

      return { grouped, mustAddEmptyObject };
    }
    // Accumulate a map of selected fields to the typenames that
    // share the exact same selected fields. When we find multiple
    // typenames with the same set of fields, we can collapse the
    // generated type to the selected fields and a string literal
    // union of the typenames.
    //
    // E.g. {
    //        __typename: "foo" | "bar";
    //        shared: string;
    //      }
    const grouped = possibleTypes.reduce<
      Record<string, { fields: (string | NameAndType)[]; types: { name: string; type: string }[] }>
    >((prev, type) => {
      const typeName = type.name;
      const schemaType = this._schema.getType(typeName);

      if (!isObjectType(schemaType)) {
        throw new TypeError(`Invalid state! Schema type ${typeName} is not a valid GraphQL object!`);
      }

      const selectionNodes = selectionNodesByTypeName.get(typeName) || [];

      const { typeInfo, fields } = this.buildSelectionSet(schemaType, selectionNodes);

      const key = this.selectionSetStringFromFields(fields);
      prev[key] = {
        fields,
        types: [...(prev[key]?.types ?? []), typeInfo || { name: '', type: type.name }].filter(Boolean),
      };

      return prev;
    }, {});

    // For every distinct set of fields, create the corresponding
    // string literal union of typenames.
    const compacted = Object.keys(grouped).reduce<Record<string, string[]>>((acc, key) => {
      const typeNames = grouped[key].types.map(t => t.type);
      // Don't create very large string literal unions. TypeScript
      // will stop comparing some nested union types types when
      // they contain props with more than some number of string
      // literal union members (testing with TS 4.5 stops working
      // at 25 for a naive test case:
      // https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?ts=4.5.4&ssl=29&ssc=10&pln=29&pc=1#code/C4TwDgpgBAKg9nAMgQwE4HNoF4BQV9QA+UA3ngRQJYB21EqAXDsQEQCMLzULATJ6wGZ+3ACzCWAVnEA2cQHZxADnEBOcWwAM6jl3Z9dbIQbEGpB2QYUHlBtbp5b7O1j30ujLky7Os4wABb0nAC+ODigkFAAQlBYUOT4xGQUVLT0TKzO3G7cHqLiPtwWrFasNqx2mY6ZWXrqeexe3GyF7MXNpc3lzZXZ1dm1ruI8DTxNvGahFEkJKTR0jLMpRNx+gaicy6E4APQ7AALAAM4AtJTo1HCoEDgANhDAUMgMsAgoGNikwQDcdw9QACMXjE4shfmEItAAGI0bCzGbLfDzdIGYbiBrjVrtFidFjdFi9dj9di1Ng5dgNNjjFrqbFsXFsfFsQkOYaDckjYbjNZBHDbPaHU7nS7XP6PZBsF4wuixL6-e6PAGS6KyiXfIA
      const max_types = 20;
      for (let i = 0; i < typeNames.length; i += max_types) {
        const selectedTypes = typeNames.slice(i, i + max_types);
        const typenameUnion = grouped[key].types[0].name
          ? this._processor.transformTypenameField(selectedTypes.join(' | '), grouped[key].types[0].name)
          : [];
        const transformedSet = this.selectionSetStringFromFields([...typenameUnion, ...grouped[key].fields]);

        // The keys here will be used to generate intermediary
        // fragment names. To avoid blowing up the type name on large
        // unions, calculate a stable hash here instead.
        //
        // Also use fragment hashing if skipTypename is true, since we
        // then don't have a typename for naming the fragment.
        acc[
          selectedTypes.length <= 3
            ? selectedTypes.join('_')
            : createHash('sha256')
                .update(selectedTypes.join() || transformedSet || '')
                .digest('base64')
        ] = [transformedSet];
      }
      return acc;
    }, {});

    return { grouped: compacted, mustAddEmptyObject };
  }

  protected selectionSetStringFromFields(fields: (string | NameAndType)[]): string | null {
    const allStrings = fields.filter((f: string | NameAndType): f is string => typeof f === 'string');
    const allObjects = fields
      .filter((f: string | NameAndType): f is NameAndType => typeof f !== 'string')
      .map(t => `${t.name}: ${t.type}`);
    const mergedObjects = allObjects.length ? this._processor.buildFieldsIntoObject(allObjects) : null;
    const transformedSet = this._processor.buildSelectionSetFromStrings([...allStrings, mergedObjects].filter(Boolean));
    return transformedSet;
  }

  protected buildSelectionSet(
    parentSchemaType: GraphQLObjectType,
    selectionNodes: Array<SelectionNode | FragmentSpreadUsage | DirectiveNode>
  ) {
    const primitiveFields = new Map<string, FieldNode>();
    const primitiveAliasFields = new Map<string, FieldNode>();
    const linkFieldSelectionSets = new Map<
      string,
      {
        selectedFieldType: GraphQLOutputType;
        field: FieldNode;
      }
    >();
    let requireTypename = false;

    // usages via fragment typescript type
    const fragmentsSpreadUsages: string[] = [];

    // ensure we mutate no function params
    selectionNodes = [...selectionNodes];
    let inlineFragmentConditional = false;

    for (const selectionNode of selectionNodes) {
      if ('kind' in selectionNode) {
        if (selectionNode.kind === 'Field') {
          if (!selectionNode.selectionSet) {
            if (selectionNode.alias) {
              primitiveAliasFields.set(selectionNode.alias.value, selectionNode);
            } else if (selectionNode.name.value === '__typename') {
              requireTypename = true;
            } else {
              primitiveFields.set(selectionNode.name.value, selectionNode);
            }
          } else {
            let selectedField: GraphQLField<any, any, any> = null;

            const fields = parentSchemaType.getFields();
            selectedField = fields[selectionNode.name.value];

            if (isMetadataFieldName(selectionNode.name.value)) {
              selectedField = metadataFieldMap[selectionNode.name.value];
            }

            if (!selectedField) {
              continue;
            }

            const fieldName = getFieldNodeNameValue(selectionNode);
            let linkFieldNode = linkFieldSelectionSets.get(fieldName);
            if (!linkFieldNode) {
              linkFieldNode = {
                selectedFieldType: selectedField.type,
                field: selectionNode,
              };
            } else {
              linkFieldNode = {
                ...linkFieldNode,
                field: {
                  ...linkFieldNode.field,
                  selectionSet: mergeSelectionSets(linkFieldNode.field.selectionSet, selectionNode.selectionSet),
                },
              };
            }
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Feel the Fire debitantski je studijski album thrash metal sastava Overkill. Diskografska kuća Megaforce Records objavila ga je 15. listopada 1985.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Izvori

Albumi sastava Overkill
Albumi iz 1985.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- Now that the FBI has discovered Apple can actually hack into its own iPhones, Apple engineers see their next goal as making a version of the device that even Apple can't break into. Apple engineers are now in a race against time to see if they can design an unbreakable iPhone in the next few months. They hope the added security can appear in the next iteration of Apple's operating system and its next iPhone model, according to several security researchers in direct contact with Apple employees.


The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) has launched a new action research program to better understand the impact that recent land tenure reforms have had on the tenure security and the well-being of forest dependent communities in Indonesia, Uganda and Peru.
Two decades of tenure reforms in Africa, Asia and Latin America have provided greater legal recognition of the rights of women, indigenous groups, and customary and local authorities. These have intended to improve livelihoods and incentives for sustainable land management. However, implementation of these reforms has been uneven and has led to mixed results, including an increase in tenure insecurity.
CIFOR's latest research program, Tenure Security and Forest-dependent Communities: A Global Comparative Study, will address questions such as who gets what from the implementation of tenure reform, how reform implementation can be made more effective at increasing tenure security, and how reform implementation can be better aligned with practices on the ground?
This new study builds on CIFOR's existing body of research on forest tenure and rights, compiled in a 2012 report which not only affirmed that insecure tenure rights undermine sustainable forest use, but that understanding property rights is critical for good policy analyses that reflect realities on the ground. The report also found that the transition towards more community ownership of forests poses new demands on research.
disseminate lessons learned and knowledge generated at sub-national, national, regional and international levels.
In doing so, the program seeks to strengthen forest tenure security of forest-adjacent communities, especially women and marginalized groups, through improved policies and implementation practices in Indonesia, Uganda and Peru. The research will also contribute to achieving sustainable management of natural resources, reducing rural poverty, improving food security and realizing gender equity.
Initiated by CIFOR, this action research project will be conducted over a 3-year period, running from 2014 until 2016. The project is funded by the European Commission through the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as implementing partner. It is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests Trees and Agroforestry.


text:
Middlesex D&H 26a Hall's
Obv: a deformed dwarf, SIR JEFFERY DUNSTAN MAYOR OF GARRAT around. Rev: T. HALL CITTY ROAD NEAR FINSBURY SQUARE LONDON 1795 in centre 6 lines, THE FIRST ARTIST IN EUROPE FOR PRESERVING BIRDS BEASTS & around. Edge: ON DEMAND WE PROMISE TO PAY ONE PENNY.
EF. Provenance ex. Lincoln. On a penny flan with minor marks. Scarce.
Jeffery Dunstan was a traveling dealer in wigs, whose comic and baudy appearance made him into a very popular figure. He would walk about with no hat and his shirt opened, knock-kneed, with wigs hanging about his person, shouting to the passersby trying to sell his wigs. The hamlet of Garrat in Surrey had established a local council that would have a Mayor presiding over it to last the lifetime of the Parliament, and to be re-elected when a new Parliament was assembled. The most bizarre candidates would be put up for election and it became quite the burlesque! Dunstan was by far the most popular of these Mayors, and served three terms. He died from overdrinking in 1797. Thomas Hall used Dunstan to help advertise his exhibition of stuffed animals when it was on display at the Bartholomew Fair. An advertising token.


text:
A History of The Cricketer: The 1970s
HUW TURBERVILL: It became apparent that the company could not stay afloat just through the magazine. The Cricketer Cup for public school old boys had started in 1968; then the Village Cup was Ben Brocklehurst's brainchild in 1972
Huw Turbervill | 20/01/2021 at 12:10
If Pelham Warner was the early pioneer of The Cricketer, the man who did most to ensure it is still about to reach its century was Ben Brocklehurst.
A six-hitting amateur captain of Somerset in the 1950s, he went into publishing. Refusing to sack 40 people who worked on the magazine under the orders of its American owners, he brought it home to his house in Kent.
It prospered, and the company grew – it ran the Cricketer Cup for public school old boys, created the Village Cup, and he even had the idea for a World Cup, before it was pinched by Lord's. "OK, let's give it a go," was his catchphrase. Just the type of man we need today.
Brocklehurst was farming a herd of pedigree cattle in Berkshire when asked to lead Somerset in 1953. The only amateur in their team, he had a huge changing space all to himself. He would pop his head into the professionals' area and plead with them to come and keep him company. "Oh no, sir, that's all yours!" would always be the reply. He asked his Yorkshire counterpart Len Hutton, a pro, to join him for lunch. Again that invite had to be declined.
"He'd have adored T20 as he loved hitting sixes," says his second wife Belinda, a delightful lady, again one of the heroes of The Cricketer story. After cricket he worked at a publishing company called Mercury House, which specialised in books. Its American managing director Philip Zimmerman decided to shut down The Cricketer.
"It was making 20 per cent profit even though Britain was in recession," says Belinda, "but that wasn't enough for Mr Zimmerman. He told Ben he had to make 40 people redundant. Ben didn't want to do that, so Zimmerman said, 'Fine, make it 41 then – add yourself to the list'."
Ben had an alternative plan. As part of his severance deal with Mercury House, he was allowed to take The Cricketer with him, "with three months' printing paid for, which was a tremendous help," says Belinda.
"He arrived home at Ashurst and said, 'I don't know what we are going to do with it but we have The Cricketer coming'. And I said: 'Who's he?' When he explained, we drank a bottle of Champagne that I'd just won at the village fete and the next day we started to convert the house to make an office. The boys lost their playroom, and Ben worked in there with a PA, Sue White. I helped out, and there was Harry Constantine (distribution manager). We then had a bit of help with advertising."
Ben Brocklehurst, second from right
At an office in Argyle Street near Oxford Circus Tom Scanlon was assistant editor, with Christopher Martin-Jenkins moving to the BBC. Scanlon says he "loved the monthly trip to the printers in Luton to put the issues to bed. EW Swanton's own editorials were handwritten, with, curiously, little xs for full-stops. When he was wintering in his house in Barbados, I was instructed to phone him at 9.25am every Tuesday to receive his editorial orders. Among the regular contributors, Alf Gover, who had his cricket school in Wandsworth, typed out his own coaching points with not much spacing and lots of corrections in biro. Ronnie Postill's articles were some of the ones I most looked forward to receiving: always funny. Irving Rosenwater came in with his crosswords and we usually went for a pint. Henry Blofeld and ASR Winlaw were friendly occasional visitors." Then David Frith arrived to be editor from 1972.
"The Cricketer had very few subscribers," says Belinda. "Most of them had had direct debits for years, and I had to write to them to say 'We simply can't afford to keep giving you a year's subscription for £2 something, I'm afraid it had to go up to £3 something'. I had a daily help/nanny, Mary Longley, and I soon lost her to the business. She was amazing. She had made munitions in the War at the age of 17 or 18, and she ran our subscriptions for 25 years. She saved The Cricketer one month! We'd switched to computer, and we had a young man whose work got worse. When he left he fixed it so that if you pressed a certain key all the addresses vanished. This was just before deadline. Fortunately Mary didn't like computers, and had kept all the addresses on cards!
"We used to have some lovely writers contributing for us, although I was often told, 'Belinda, you either have to be very poor or very rich to write for The Cricketer!"
Her son Tim takes up the story, saying he had heard that the professional cricketers of his father's era had been told the same thing. "The 1970s was a good era for the magazine," says Tim, who joined the business in the early 1990s after watching it close up during childhood. "We bought Playfair Cricket Monthly in 1973, so that added a lot of subscribers and allowed us to rule the roost really.
As part of his severance deal with Mercury House, Brocklehurst was allowed to take The Cricketer with him, "with three months' printing paid for, which was a tremendous help," says his wife Belinda
"We used to have amazing annual board meetings. EW Swanton was still editorial director, and there was Colin Cowdrey, Brian Johnston and Johnny Woodcock. We had the most wonderful lunches in our summer house. Vic Marks recalls them fondly in his book, Original Spin. Somebody would start talking about an innings by Frank Woolley and Swanton, who was actually there, would share some fabulous stories about it. It was a job for me to get everyone back to talking about subscriptions!"
It became apparent that the company could not stay afloat just through the magazine, though. "The shop and the competitions kept us going," says Belinda.
The Cricketer Cup for public school old boys had started in 1968, and Ben kept this going; then the Village Cup was his brainchild in 1972. With Belinda running it for the first seven years, it soon attracted about 1,000 villages from all the corners of the British Isles.
"Village cricket was going downhill fast so we thought about what we could do to help. MCC liked the idea and generously let us play the final at Lord's. Initially it was called the National Village Cricket Championship.
"We had the band of the Grenadier Guards at the first final, and players from Astwood Bank (Worcestershire) refused to bat. 'This is serious cricket and a distraction,' they said. The MCC president Freddie Brown marched out and said he'd batted at Scarborough when the band was playing, but they were not having it. The next day the headline in the Daily Mirror said 'Chaos in final – Astwood Bank players tell Brown what to do with his piccolo!' We stopped having music after that!"
The Cricketer also backed the Lord's Taverners Schools Trophy for boys aged 14 and 15. At its peak it had an entry of between 1,300 and 1,500 schools. "Ben loved it that all the private, grammar and comprehensive schools played together," says Belinda. "One of the last finals he went to was in 2001, when Eton played Little Lever High School, from Bolton. The teams always have a dinner beforehand, and some people were worried that the teams wouldn't get on if they sat together, but they were all laughing their heads off, and it was a fantastic match. The following year Eton asked them back for the weekend. That is what the competition is about. Findlay Rea and Sue were terrific with the organisation of the cups."
David Frith, editor of The Cricketer from 1972 until 1979
"The Cricketer also started organising tours to Corfu," says Tim. "There were two teams on the island, but sadly they couldn't play against each other." "They'd fight each other with cricket bats!" says Belinda. "Yes," says Tim, "so English teams would go out to play them. We'd eat and drink at a taverna, and eventually the owner Nikos named it after The Cricketer. After they dug up all the cabbages they had a lovely pitch out there. We also took tours to Dubai, and groups to watch Tests in Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand. Cricketer Tours became a tour operator in its own right, but still supported The Cricketer's business.
"Dad had the idea for the World Cup – in fact he had ideas left, right and centre," says Tim. "We had a European Cricketer Cup for several years. Germany won it at Worksop College and the next day they played MCC at Lord's. Gary Lineker opened for MCC and unfortunately only scored one. As he walked off everybody said 'bad luck' and he said 'Don't worry, I always score one against the Germans'."
Alas with all these spin-off competitions, tensions emerged between the Brocklehursts and Frith about how many pages in the magazine should be filled with them. When Frith departed, Tony Pawson stepped in, then Reg Hayter edited between 1979–81, before making way for Martin-Jenkins (more of that next month).
"The Cricketer shop also sold cigars and port, and ties and sweaters for the competitions," says Belinda. "There were placemats, playing cards, the wonderful screwpull bottle openers, bottle coolers, and so on. They all had The Cricketer logo on them, the little batsman, and Ben's daughter Charmaine did some amazing work in there.
"Looking back on these times I really don't know how Ben and I did so much, plus looking after four children. It's amazing what you can do when young. Ben had a stroke early in the 1970s and was out of action for almost six months, but luckily Harry Constantine helped me, and there was Christopher Bazalgette (freelance advertising manager) and Stephen Patrick. It really was an amazing team effort."
Editorial curio
Peter Ellis, a member of The Cricketer editorial board, flags up an editorial curio from the magazine's pages in the 1970s.
"I was reading a book published in 1991 about Limehouse and the East End of London," he says. "It was written by Daniel Farson, a broadcaster. One chapter inevitably describes the Whitechapel area and the Ripper murders. Mr Farson fancies himself as an investigator.
"In the book he proposes that the Ripper was one MJ Druitt, who was a good recreational cricketer and a lawyer-turned-teacher. Apparently the January 1973 edition of The Cricketer ran an article about the Druitt family speculating that a brother of the suspect (Edward) had left England for Australia in 1889 to escape the shame of his brother's misdoings.
"Not sure I believe any of it but it was interesting to see the magazine referred to as part of this particular exercise in finger pointing at Ripper suspects."
A History of The Cricketer: 1920s


Awesome Hills Vertical Garden – Through the thousand pictures on the internet regarding hills vertical garden, we choices the best series with best image resolution exclusively for you all, and this images is actually considered one of photos series in your best images gallery about Awesome Hills Vertical Garden. I hope you can like it.
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This spacious, corner one bedroom features a fantastic renovation with a terrific floor plan offering plenty of room to spread out. Professionally designed, the welcoming layout includes a large living area with beautiful built-in office space. The sunny, windowed kitchen has granite counters, solid maple cabinets, stainless appliances, and glass backsplash. A generous dining area offers a built-in maple buffet with granite top, perfect for entertaining. The large bedroom features a walk-in closet and room for a king size bed. The renovated windowed bathroom has stone floors, French Decotec floating vanity, Italian bath fixtures and a Toto toilet. This pristine, pin-drop quiet apartment has two exposures North and East, and also features new gleaming wood floors and an abundance of well-designed customized closets. Just steps away from Gramercy Park, the Quaker Ridge is a sought-after full service doorman building offering common laundry, resident super, on-site parking garage and bike room. Maintenance includes electric and energy surcharge, which adjusts quarterly. Pets are welcome!


The Motor Vehicle Register (MVR) has always been a public register. As such Land Transport New Zealand is obliged, under section 19 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, to provide access to the name and address of the current owner(s) of a vehicle if they have an approved authorisation from the MoT.
In all cases the vehicle must be identified by providing a registration plate number or VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), the prescribed fee paid and identification produced.


dance.net - Multi Disciplinary Dance Educators (10249622) - Read article: Ballet, Jazz, Modern, Hip Hop, Tap, Irish, Disco, Twirling, Cheer: Photos, Chat, Games, Jobs, Events!
For 37 years our school has been a leader in dance education. All classes are taught by a professional faculty who work together to individualize each dancer's education and to help every student reach their highest potential. Our reputation for inspiring students of all ages to be the best they can be is one of the primary reasons for our success. We speak inclusively of every student, whether they are pre-school, recreational or intensive students! Visit metuchendance.com for more info.
Our school is a non-competitive dance environment, focused on the artistry and self-esteem building philosophies of the performing arts. We believe a teacher's influence on the future of a student extends far beyond what goes on in the classroom. Our teaching philosophy is centered on instilling a passion for the arts while building self-esteem, forging lasting friendships and confidence in every child. The students' well-being is priority; their capability secondary.
Our pre-professional teen dance performance company is open to all serious dancers ages 12 & up. (Invited audition only.) Our company performs throughout the year at various local events, fundraisers, collaborative performances and annually in their Spring Concert. Choreography opportunities available through that as well.


text:
Q: Suppose $f'(x)$ exists for all $x\neq0$, and $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}f'(x)$ exists. Show that $f'(0)$ exists. Let $f\colon \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function on $\mathbb{R}$. Suppose $f'(x)$ exists for all $x\neq0$, and $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}f'(x)$ exists. Show that $f'(0)$ exists.
I totally have no idea how to prove this, if by definition, we should start with
$$f'(0)=\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}$$
and show that this limit exists. But how can I evaluate the limit since the function is given in general.

A: Let $b = \lim_{x \to 0} f'(x)$. After replacing $f(x)$ with $f(x) - bx$ if necessary, we may assume $b = 0$.
Let $\varepsilon > 0$ be given. Then there is some $\delta > 0$ such that $|f'(x)| \leq \varepsilon$ for $x \in (0,\delta]$. It follows from the mean value theorem that for all $x \in [0,\delta]$, we have
$$|f(x) - f(0)| \leq \varepsilon x.$$
Thus $0<x<\delta$ implies $\left|\frac{f(x) - f(0)}{x}\right| \leq \varepsilon$, proving that $f_{+}'(0) = \lim_{x \to 0, x > 0} (f(x) - f(0))/x = 0$. The relation $f_{-}'(0) = 0$ can be proved similarly.
Note. The version of the mean value theorem used here is as follows. If $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$ with $|f'(x)|\leq M$, then $|f(b) - f(a)| \leq M(b-a)$.

A: I'll show that both Left hand derivative and Right hand derivative exists and are both equal i.e. $$\lim_{h\to 0^+}\frac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}$$ and $$\lim_{h\to 0^-}\frac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}$$ exists and are equal.By L'Hopital's Rule $$\lim_{h\to 0^+}\frac{f(h)-f(0)}{h}=\lim_{h\to 0^+}\frac{f'(h)}{1}=\lim_{h\to 0}f'(h)$$ The other limit can be evaluated similarly it will be same. Thus $f'(0)$ exists.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Charles Joseph d'Autriche, né à Vienne le  et décédé à Linz, le  est un archiduc d'Autriche. Il est le fils de l'empereur Ferdinand III du Saint-Empire et de sa deuxième femme
Marie-Léopoldine d'Autriche (1632-1649).

Biographie
En 1663, il a alors 13 ans, il est élu évêque d'Olmütz, évêque de Passau et grand maître de l'ordre Teutonique. En 1663, il est élu évêque de Breslau en succession de son oncle Léopold-Guillaume. Il meurt à l'âge précoce de 14 ans.

Charles Joseph
Naissance en août 1649
Évêque d'Olomouc
Prince-évêque de Breslau
Grand maître de l'ordre Teutonique
Décès en janvier 1664
Décès à 14 ans
Personnalité inhumée dans la crypte des Capucins
Archiduc d'Autriche du XVIIe siècle
Charles Joseph


text:
Zach Wilson Mom Story: Who is Zach Wilson? Net Worth, Biography, Age & More
This article will explain Zack Wilson's biography and the press conference. The Zach Wilson Mom Story provides more information.
Is Zach Wilson married to a woman? Zach Wilson is a New York Jets' quarterback. His full name is Zachary Kapono Wilson. The news about Zach Wilson was Worldwide. Did you find any information about Zach? You can read the Zach Wilson Mom Story.
Who's Zach Wilson?
How much does Zach Wilson make?
Who is his wife? Is Zach Wilson actually married?
Wilson is a quarterback for the New York Jets in the National Football League (NFL). He was born August 3, 1999. His parents were Lisa Wilson (and Michael). His surname Kapono, which in Hawaiian means "righteous", indicates that he is descended from Hawaiian ancestors who lived on his father's farm. Wilson was baptized into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Wilson is a Family victim of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This was first diagnosed as a toddler. After playing college football at BYU, Wilson was selected by the Jets in the second round in the NFL draft 2021. His maternal uncle David Neeleman is the founder and CEO at JetBlue. Stephen Neeleman is the founder of HealthEquity. Photos were shared by Zach Wilson on different networks. Zach Wilson and his claimed liaison to a close friend of his mother. According to the Jets quarterback, he claimed to have been in a relationship with an older woman. Abbey Gile, Wilson's ex-girlfriend, claims that he had a relationship with his mother's best friend. Wilson was the father of three brothers and two sisters.
The Net Worth amounts to approximately $ 10,000,000. Zach Wilson signed a $45,150,681 four-year deal with the New York Jets. It included an $8,787.670 average yearly salary, a $22,924,132 signing bonus and a $355,150,681 guarantee.
Zach Wilson received a text message from his father regarding what he had said during Sunday's defeat to the Patriots. Mike Wilson asked his son, "Bro. What are you doing?" Mike White was promoted to third-string, and Zach Wilson, 23, became confused.
Wilson had already engaged Abbey Gile a year earlier. She became famous after a disturbing film featuring her went viral. The couple filed for divorce in January. Wilson later discovered a product version. Nicolette is twenty-years old. Wilson was seated next to Nicolette Dellanno, a famous blonde at a recent game between the Tampa Bay Rays (NY) and New York Yankees.
Zach Wilson isn't yet married but after splitting with Abbey Gile, he now dates Nicolette Dellanno from the United States. Nicolette Dellanno is an Instagram influencer and model. Tiktoker is her other passion.
The information about Zach Wilson and his girlfriend was found online.
Do you feel satisfied with the information about Zach? Comment below to share your thoughts.
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Reflective insulation systems are usually made from aluminum foils with a variety of backings such as roof sheathing, kraft paper, plastic film, cardboard, etc. The resistance to heat flow depends on the direction of heat flow with this type of insulation most effective in reducing downward heat flow and requiring an air space next to the reflective side. Reflective systems are usually located between roof rafters, floor joists, or wall studs. Reflective insulation placed in walls or on the attic floor must be perforated to allow water vapor to pass through it.
If a single reflective surface is used alone and faces an open space, such as an attic, it is called a radiant barrier (sometimes called radiant heat barrier). Some radiant barriers have a reflective surface on both sides so either side can face the open air space. Properties to look for are high reflectivity and very low emittance (the energy radiated from the material's surface), which enable it to reflect the radiant heat energy and give off (emit) very little.
Radiant barriers are most effective in blocking summer radiant heat gain and saving air-conditioning costs. Although the radiant barrier may be somewhat effective in retaining heat within a cold-climate home, it may also block winter radiant heat gain in the attic.
What is radiant heat transfer and why are radiant barriers effective?
Radiant heat transfer occurs when electromagnetic waves travel in a straight line through a vacuum or air between surfaces that are at different temperatures, heating any object in its path. The earth receives all its solar heat through radiation. Dark, rough surfaces will generally absorb radiant heat and become warm, while smooth, shiny surfaces will reflect the radiation. This is why radiant heat transfer can be limited by the use of radiant barriers, which have shiny foil surfaces.
Will I still need insulation if I use a radiant barrier?
Conventional types of insulation consist of fibers or cells that trap air or contain a gas to primarily retard heat conduction, and, to a lesser extent, convective air flow at various rates. On the other hand, radiant barriers and reflective insulation systems work by reducing radiant heat gain. The R-value indicates the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, then the greater the insulating power. Radiant barriers reduce only radiant heat transfer though, so the rules as applied to determining R-value of the products relate to not only the thickness of the material but how it is installed. See Section 460.12 of the Federal Register for details.
Therefore, due to the way heat is transferred, you still need insulation. The amount of thermal insulation affects the potential radiant barrier energy savings. For example, installing a radiant barrier in an attic that already has high levels of insulation (R-30 or above) would result in much lower energy savings than in an attic insulated at a low level (R-11 or less).
What is the effect of radiant barriers on heating and cooling bills?
According to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, your savings on heating and cooling bills will vary depending on a number of factors. These factors include: type of radiant barrier application, size of your house, whether your home is a ranch style or a two story house, amount of insulation in the attic, effectiveness of attic ventilation, color of the roof, thermostat settings, tightness of the building envelope, actual weather conditions, efficiency of the heating and cooling equipment, fuel prices, etc. The document, Radiant Barrier Fact Sheet, includes a link to the Radiant Barrier Calculator that includes simple calculations on how to approximate the economics of radiant barriers and added ceiling insulation. The calculator is part of the fact sheet but, for convenience, this is the direct link.
How are radiant barriers installed?
A radiant heat barrier must have an air space next to a reflective side to be effective. If you do not allow for this air space, the radiant barrier acts as a conductor and just passes the heat along from a hot surface to a cooler surface. Therefore, if the material you purchase is reflective on only one side (has only one "shiny side"), this side should be facing the air space. It cannot be sandwiched between two materials, as the air space is critical to its performance. They should also be installed to prevent dust build-up as dust and dirt will decrease their effectiveness.
Attached to either the faces or bottoms of the rafters or top chords of the roof trusses (this method can also be used in existing homes).
Draped over the rafters or trusses in a way that allows the product to droop (i.e. hang loosely) 1½ to 3 inches between each rafter.
Attached to the underside of the roof deck (sheathing) with the foil side facing the air space or attic space.
Be fabricated over a ceiling insulated to a minimum of R-19 with conventional insulation.
Be installed to cover gable ends without closing off any soffit, gable or roof ventilation.
Installation methods differ depending on the individual home, with issues such as dust and/or possible moisture accumulation, locations of bathroom/kitchen vents and recessed lights, safety, visibility of roof components, attic accessibility, etc. You will have to do further research to determine the best option for your home.
Federal Register. (2005). Part IV, Federal Trade Commission. 16 CFR Part 460 Labeling and Advertising of Home Insulation: Trade Regulation Rule; Final Rule.
Florida Building Code 5th Edition (2014) Residential. Accessed May 22, 2015.
Miller, C., Sullivan, J., and Ahrentzen, S. (2012). Energy Efficient Building Construction in Florida. ISBN 978-0-9852487-0-3. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory. (2010). Radiant Barrier Fact Sheet.
United States Department of Energy. (2012). Radiant barriers.
Authors: Wendell A. Porter, lecturer and P.E., Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Craig R. Miller, senior associate in, Program for Resource Efficient Communities; and Kathleen C. Ruppert, Extension scientist, Program for Resource Efficient Communities, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. First published May 2009 and revised May 2015.


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Chloé D. Kerr
PR & Brand Communcations Professional Committed to Multicultural Engagement
About Chloé
One shining day, moment
March 7, 2015 August 21, 2017 chloekerr01Leave a comment
(R to L) Maggie, Chloe', & Lloyd Kerr celebrating at the NASCAR Diversity Awards in February 2015
The NASCAR Diversity Internship Program is a gift that keeps on giving. Two years ago I made a list of places I wanted to work, NASCAR being one of them. Diversity engagement is the career path I want to pursue and I noticed NASCAR's diversity initiatives were on the rise. I felt as though there was and is an amazing opportunity to be apart of the evolution of a culture and a tradition at one of our nation's most prominent sports, as NASCAR continues to diversify on and off the track. The term diversity is more than demographics such as race, gender, age etc. Diversity and inclusion is a commitment to change. Its a commitment to being innovative in every aspect of business, especially in consideration of your key audiences. There is an opportunity to extinguish the historical perception of this sport and celebrate the traditions of NASCAR with all types of sports fans.
Being a NASCAR Diversity Award recipient solidified my purpose and the impact on diversity engagement that I want to make. Seeing young people, on their journey to great things, being awarded for their efforts is the reason why these programs need to continue, to give future generations inspirational figures to aspire to. NASCAR gave me insight into the power of diversity and inclusion, and how it can change generations to come. My parents, pictured above, worked hard and endured certain things so that I didn't have to. It was part of their journey to make a positive impact on my brothers and I, and I want to infuse that character and integrity into making an impact through a major organization such as NASCAR. I am eternally grateful to NASCAR for giving me the courage to stand up for what I believe and creating a career path, for those such as myself, to make a difference.
chloe.kerr01@gmail.com
Why is Interracial Dating Still So Complicated?
What It's Like to be Black in PR
If you don't like something, change it.
If you can't change it, change your attitude.
-Maya Angelou


text:
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Create the wealth you want and the time to enjoy it! It's the universal challenge of modern don't have the time to really enjoy it. If you have plenty of time, you're hurting for money. And most people could use a lot more of both. Learn More
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Principles of Wealth Attraction
You don't have to sell your soul to be rich. Nor do you have to sacrifice your relationships in order to build wealth. You don't even have to scrimp and save! Sure, you can get wealthy that way — but it's no fun! Fabulously wealthy people have a much better strategy for having it all: money, harmonious relationships, the right connections, the right opportunities, and more. It's not so much that they do things differently; it's that they have a different psychology. Learn More
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind in Turbulent Times
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Secrets of the Millionaire Mind Revealed!
These days it appears as if there are no guarantees. The phrase "economic stability" seems to be an oxymoron, a thing of the past. If you watch any news programs or listen to any economists, their information is always bad, depressing, even frightening. The good news is that you can break away from all that! Listen to these highly sought-after seminars and follow the exercises and learn to program the Millionaire Mindset at a cellular level so it becomes ingrained in the very fiber of your being, becoming literally second nature to you and you'll say goodbye to any form of financial stress. Learn More
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The mere mention of his name opens doors— and hearts— in sales organizations throughout the world. He's Zig Ziglar, and when it comes to selling, he's done it all. And as a motivational speaker, he has sold salespeople on the importance of their careers and their contribution to society. Learn More
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You can't hit a target that you can't see. The starting point of great success is when you sit down and decide exactly what you really want, in every area of your life. This program will show you how to do this, better and faster than you ever dreamed possible. Learn how to step on the accelerator of your own life. In this fast-moving, practical, and informative program, success guru Brian Tracy shares with you the results of 30 years of research and experience in setting and achieving goals. Learn More
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Did you know you have a magic number? Everyone does! Your magic number is the amount of wealth you need to accumulate so work becomes optional. And, yes, as you're about to learn, that is possible. Anyone who wants to improve his or her life can do so, and have fun along the way! Through a series of thought-provoking questions, exercises, and advice, listening turns into meaningful action and amazing results. Learn More
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Are you earning all the money you want doing work you love? Are you dissatisfied with the work you do? Or do you believe that you can't make the kind of money you want doing work you love? Unless you're blessed with a trust fund to pay your bills, it's essential to devise a way for the work you love to provide an abundant income. It is time to start reprogramming yourself for the wealth and fulfillment you deserve! Then you will earn the income you want doing the work you love and quickly find the happiness, freedom, income, and security that you've always been looking for but have never quite achieved. Learn More
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If you're worried about getting burned by financial programs that promise you'll get rich quickly—but you also don't have the time or the patience to invest in a savings plan that takes 30 or 40 years to take advantage of the "miracle of compound interest"—then this is the wealth-building approach you've been looking for. Why wait decades to start enjoying all the perks and benefits of wealth? Getting rich safely in a relatively short period of time is a goal that's entirely achievable— and one that will transform your life forever. Giving you a practical, proven way to build wealth fast and start living well now! Learn More
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Passive income—income that is generated automatically and regularly, from a source or multiple sources other than a 9-to-5 job—is the ultimate secret of all wealthy people, from well-known CEOs and entrepreneurs to millionaires-next-door. In this incredibly practical, densely-packed, idea-rich program, you will uncover dozens and dozens of simple, safe, low-cost and low effort strategies for quickly setting up and activating passive income vehicles in a broad range of sectors. Learn More
The Urban Warrior's Way...
by Barefoot Doctor
... to Health, Wealth, Happiness and Good Looks!
For more than 2000 years, the Tao has been recognized as one of the most powerful systems available for achieving a clear, balanced, focused and happy mind. The Tao will make you unstoppable in everything you do, because it gives you the power to access the source of existence itself. These teachings you will learn about why we are here. Learn More


With a heavy heart, after nearly 2 and a half years of ownership I have decided it's time for someone else to enjoy. Currently on 58,400 genuine low miles - car is no longer being used so mileage will not increase.
MOT until 21st June 2019, FSH the first 2 services were done by mileage, the rest are annual. H&R 30/40mm lowering springs, 20mm spacers on the rear, 25mm spacers on the front and also a Scorpion Catback Non Res Exhaust. I have replaced the following in my ownership: - radiator - rad housing and fan - front suspension - gearbox replaced last year with refurbed box April 2017. THE CAMBELT, DEPHASER AND WATER PUMP WERE REPLACED IN SEPTEMBER 2016 BY HILTON GARAGE, DERBY. IT IS STAMPED IN THE BOOK.
The car did have a small fire back in April 2017 due to garage error and almost everything in the engine bay is brand new! The front end has been repainted and is perfectly matched with the rest of the car. You would never even know it happened! It attended French Car Show and got so many compliments as to how well the job was done to repair. It has also been remapped and running 184bhp with just an exhaust mod!
Will produce more with better filters and all engine mounts polybushed. It is on finance so this is the only flag it has on HPI other than that it is HPI clear. This is a very very sad sale for me as this Clio is very well known known as Russell! Has attended 2 French Car Shows, 1 performance French Car Show, 2 years at Trax and numerous events. The item "Renault Clio 200 2010 Low Miles RS Sport Liquid Yellow 2.0 Facelift VVT" is in sale since Saturday, February 9, 2019.
This item is in the category "Cars, Motorcycles & Vehicles\Cars\Renault". The seller is "lorr8980" and is located in MONMOUTH. This item can be shipped worldwide.


From (od) : Jon3800 | Pets & Animals | time (czas) 05:29 | count (liczba odwiedzin) 3642 | rating (ocena) 5.0 | Advert. (polecamy) - promuj się z nami | Enclosure Maintenance on the King Baboon - Pelinobius muticus (formerly C.crawshayi).
Your King Baboon likes very nice!
@homermasterson nope, I threw the substrate out.
@RaginMoose100 pack it down. misting the sub helps.
Beauitful t and transfer mate :- D how old is your king baboon female.
Ok see i had really tiny barly see em n my 1 tank so right away i changed substrate they from too moist?? Also my pacman frog had little white sorta almost clear fly look n things would those be isopods or what ever their called?? Thanks fer ur time!!
Hey Jon, i got a B.Smithi,A.Geniculate and a GBB sling. Will any of them like a pre-made burrow like you did? What do you think? And how are you linking Eco Earth? Is that your main substrate? I'm getting some in a day, will try it out.
Hey Jon when you have a burrowing species should you pack down the substrate to make it really dense or should you just place it in there kind of fluffy?
@ToothpickMcBrainy yes.. i never tried one (nor will i, ever) but i've heard of some countries to cook certain species and eating them... sounds disgusting.
I've given them tap water for years, nothing ever bad has happened to them.
@SmoKYexe There's really no need to make a video of that. It dries up after a day or two, provided you DO NOT use too much water.
Jon I thought King Baboon was C. crawshayi does it go by both. Thanks any info would be great.
Your neighbors are assholes man! Get some cheap tarantulas and like, stick em through the air vents and scare the pigfuckers!
Hey jon thanks for the reply!! But im kinda confused you said their bad.... But then ya said good!! So i notice in damp enclosures u see these more offten! Maybe im wrong just what ive noticed!!
They can drink tap water?
Also, the spider is lovely. Weird question, are any tarantulas edible?
awsome T jon!! question the little tinny white spec's ya can see on the glass of a terrarium what are they and are they bad?? ive heard their scavenging mite and their actually good cause they eat the remains of crickets and such whtas your advice man?? thanks alot!!
did you ever figure out what the strange bugs were ?.
More information, stokrotka pospolita - here.


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Clemmons, North Carolina
Clemmons is a village in Forsyth County, North Carolina and a suburb of Winston-Salem. The population was 18,627 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 19,844 in 2015.
Clemmons is located in southwestern Forsyth County at 36°1′31″N 80°23′11″W (36.025232, -80.386413). It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Winston-Salem, to the north by the town of Lewisville, and to the southwest, across the Yadkin River, by the town of Bermuda Run in Davie County.
Interstate 40 passes through the village, with access from Exits 182 and 184. Downtown Winston-Salem is 10 miles (16 km) northeast via I-40 and U.S. Route 421, and I-40 leads southwest 34 miles (55 km) to Statesville.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Clemmons has a total area of 12.0 square miles (31.1 km2), of which 11.8 square miles (30.6 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2), or 1.74%, is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,827 people, 5,291 households, and 3,947 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,291.2 people per square mile (498.5/km²). There were 5,614 housing units at an average density of 524.2 per square mile (202.4/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 89.87% White, 5.21% African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.76% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.54% of the population.
There are currently 20 red-hot tax lien listings in Clemmons, NC.


CLEVELAND -- When an opportunity arises, Boston Celtics center Kelly Olynyk said, one has to be ready to pounce on it.
That's what the 7-footer did on Saturday night. He matched his season-high with 25 points and added a season-high 12 rebounds in the Celtics' 111-99 victory over the Cleveland Cavaliers before 18,456 at Quicken Loans Arena.
"The season is long and grueling," Olynyk said. "Guys are going to fall in and out of the lineup. When an opportunity is presented, you have to be ready to seize it."
The Cavs (32-49) certainly did not seize anything. They fell behind the Celtics by 33 points in the fourth quarter before their late rally.
Cleveland outscored Boston 41-22 in the fourth quarter to make the final score look more presentable.
Guards Kyrie Irving, Dion Waiters and Jarrett Jack each had 15 points for the Cavs.
As soon as the Cavaliers were eliminated from the Eastern Conference playoff race, it seems as if they lost their inspiration to play.
"You invest so much making a push down the stretch," Cavs center Spencer Hawes said. "We have to do a better job battling human nature and not allowing that to impact our effort."
Cleveland has lost back-to-back games to Boston and Milwaukee, which are a combined 80 games below .500.
"This part of the season is hard," Cavs coach Mike Brown said. "It's real hard for a lot of teams in our situation -- that have guys who are banged up and bruised and out of the hunt, out of the chase.
"My whole thing is every time we step on the floor, whether it's for practice or shootaround, I want my guys to continue to appreciate an opportunity to get better."
That certainly did not happen against the Celtics, who had just eight healthy bodies available for the game.
Guard Avery Bradley also scored 25 points for the Celtics, who came into the game having lost 14 of their last 16 games.
The Celtics also received 19 points apiece from forwards Jeff Green and Brandon Bass.
Point guard Phil Pressey dished out 13 assists for the second consecutive night for the Celtics.
Irving had an off shooting night and finished just 3 of 15 from the field. In the last two games, Irving has averaged 13.5 points -- eight below his average -- and made a combined 7 of 27 shots from the field.
Like many of his teammates, his mind appears to be elsewhere.
"For the most part, I thought we did a pretty good job on Irving and Waiters," Boston coach Brad Stevens said. "We tried to make it as difficult as possible (for them). You're dead if you don't.
"They missed a couple of mid-range shots that if they hit those and get rolling, it's a different story."
Brown lauded the play of Anderson Varejao, Alonzo Gee, Matthew Dellavedova, Tyler Zeller and Jack for their play in the fourth quarter. The coach wondered how the Cavs had 11 assists on 16 field goals in the fourth quarter but just 11 assists in the rest of the game.
"I felt like we were playing basketball again," he said. "We played with a pace. We played with a rhythm. For me, I was excited. For me, the most important thing was to play the right way."
NOTES: The Cavs played without F Luol Deng for the second consecutive game. He has a sore back. "He's been banged up most of the year," Cavs coach Mike Brown said. The coach said he's not sure whether Deng will play in the season finale on Wednesday. ... Celtics C Jared Sullinger was held out of Saturday's game with a sprained left ankle. He was replaced by rookie Kelly Olynyk, who was making his seventh start of the season. ... All-Star G Rajon Rondo was held out with a strained left shin. He was replaced by rookie Phil Pressey, who had 13 assists on Friday against Charlotte. ... Cavs G Kyrie Irving's summer could extend until mid-September if he makes the World Cup team. "The big word there is 'if' I make the team," he said. ... Even though the Celtics had just eight players available on Saturday, "Our focus will remain the same," Irving said before the game. ... If Cavs F Tristan Thompson starts Wednesday against Brooklyn -- and there is no reason to think that he won't - he will have started 164 of 164 games in the past two seasons.


text:
Q: Data not insert in database <?php
include('config_contact.php');
// fetching admin email where mail will send
$sql ="SELECT emailId from tblemail";
$query = $dbh -> prepare($sql);
$query->execute();
$results=$query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
if($query->rowCount() > 0):
  foreach($results as $result):
    $adminemail=$result->emailId;
  endforeach;
endif;

if(isset($_POST['submit']))
{
  // getting Post values
  $name=$_POST['name'];
  $phoneno=$_POST['phonenumber'];
  $email=$_POST['emailaddres'];
  $subject=$_POST['subject'];
  $message=$_POST['message'];
  $uip = $_SERVER ['REMOTE_ADDR'];
  $isread=0;
  // Insert query
  $sql="INSERT INTO  tblcontactdata(FullName,PhoneNumber,EmailId,Subject,Message,UserIp,Is_Read) VALUES(:fname,:phone,:email,:subject,:message,:uip,:isread)";
  $query = $dbh->prepare($sql);
  // Bind parameters
  $query->bindParam(':fname',$name,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':phone',$phoneno,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':email',$email,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':subject',$subject,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':message',$message,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':uip',$uip,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->bindParam(':isread',$isread,PDO::PARAM_STR);
  $query->execute();
  $lastInsertId = $dbh->lastInsertId();}


Have you pressed send and realised your email/newsletter had missing information or was personalised with the wrong detail? If this sounds familiar, then have you thought about a pre-send checklist to avoid those 'oh no' moments?
Don't leave it too long to contact your subscribers after you have obtained their information. Send them a welcome email straight away – how annoying is is to receive a 'welcome' email months down the line – a sure way to encourage 'junk' box!
Make it obvious – generally your company name. Generally, funny names will end up as spam.
If you have a first name greeting, make sure it's used throughout and if it is in the middle of a sentence – ensure it makes sense.
Also, it's important to ensure that you actually have the first name for all subscribers – imagine receiving an email saying Dear (blank). Failing that, always specify a fallback option or have a general Hi there greeting.
Make sure that after your subscriber has clicked they have something to view – what page does the journey continue onto another page, for example. Make it user friendly.
Also, if you have any special offers, for example, on our website – make sure the offer code is working.
Test the links on your newsletter and then check again before sending. If you've been busy amending these can break – which is annoying for your recipient and for you as you won't get your audience to where it should be.
How does your email look on mobile devices?
Of course we'd all like to be responsive these days, but if that's not possible opt for single rather than double column email template and make sure that your images are the correct size and that the file sizes not too large so that the images download quickly.
Sending your email with the word test in the title doesn't look great and won't encourage opening. Make sure your subject line is clear and concise and don't forget to proofread and spell-check!
Following the above simple steps, you can create and send an email/newsletter that will encourage your audience to open and click-through and will give you that professional edge.
If you have any questions or would like to talk through your campaign plans with a member of our team, we'd love to chat about it with you – just give us a call or drop us a line and we'll get in touch!


text:
Q: Ordinal binary numbers I wanna match ordinal binary numbers from 0 to 15, these numbers are written in a consecutive manner (no spaces between actually):
0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

I need a very short way of using expressions to achieve this and it should match it as it is! I mean the matching domain! nothing more! I don't want to match a similar one:
0000 0010 0001 0011 0100 0110 0101 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Which I tried is ((00)[01]{2}){4}((01)[01]{2}){4}((10)[01]{2}){4}((11)[01]{2}){4}
I know that it's not accurate thus I asked it here.

A: It sounds like you want a short regex that matches the given string, but does not match any string of the same form where the binary numbers are reordered.  This regex does not satisfy that, but it at least solves the "Long Count" puzzle from http://regex.alf.nu :
((\d+)0 \2[1] ?){8}

A: This answer will serve as a hint to solve this riddle with much less characters that the string to be matched.
This solution relies heavily on the assumptions that all the binary numbers are fixed width (in this case is 4-bit).
Instead of directly counting the numbers up, we will try to compare 2 adjacent numbers.
Let us assume for now that we are at the beginning of a binary number (not somewhere arbitrary). We want the number in front to compare strictly less than the number behind.
To compare 2 binary numbers with fixed width, we can just go from left to right and remove similar digit, until all digits have been removed (equal) or there is a difference. Since the number in front is strictly less, there must be a difference, where the number in front is 0 and the number behind is 1 at the same bit. We can write a zero-width look-ahead assertion for this:
(?=([01]*)0[01]* (\1)1)

(The parentheses around \1 is needed, at least in JavaScript, to prevent formation of octal escape sequence \11).
To remove the assumption that we are at the beginning of a binary number, we only need to add anchors, and consume characters so that we end up at the beginning of the next number.
^(?=([01]*)0[01]* (\1)1)....[ ]

Since we have already assert the increasing order of the numbers, we only need to assert the number of binary numbers through the repetition.
^(?:(?=([01]*)0[01]* (\1)1).... ){15}1111$

This problem can be extended to asserting a string consisting of 2^n fixed-width n-bit-wide binary string is strictly increasing. It can also be used to assert a sequence of fixed-width binary number is increasing. The technique may also be applied to asserting words listed in lexicographic order or not, although the regex will be quite long.

A: (\60){7}(100)(\2\1)(110)\3(101)01\2(111)\3(\2\4)\5\1\6\7\6\5\6

So I did it! Long time on this regular expression with 62 characters length, which is 2 characters less than the string itself.
Live demo: http://regex101.com/r/nN5uH0