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Memoirs of James F. Byrnes
8th July, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
After a couple of months of neglect, I am returning to my blog on United States history and other topics that interest me.
Since covering Averell Harriman's Special Envoy, I have finished two other books and started another. The first was Speaking Frankly, by James F. Byrnes, who was a South Carolina senator and Supreme Court justice during Franklin Roosevelt's tenure and secretary of state under Harry Truman.
The book, published in 1947, deals with Byrnes's involvement in foreign affairs. FDR took Byrnes with him to the Yalta Conference as an advisor. FDR said that he wanted Byrnes's expertise on domestic and economic matters. The second chapter covers Yalta, and Byrnes notes that the main topic of the conference was intended to be the creation of an international peace organization. Because Allied and Russian armies were advancing so quickly, however, the conference also needed to discuss the political situation in Europe after the war.
Stalin wanted to discuss the future of Germany, reparations and the allocation of an occupation zone to France. Byrnes discusses Stalin's rather negative feelings toward France and then turns to the discussions on the possible dismemberment of Germany. He notes, however, that the Soviets primarily were concerned with securing reparations from Germany.
Byrnes's account of the Yalta talks does not vary significantly from the other sources that I have read. One original contribution that he makes is to quote at some length exchanges between FDR, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin for which the source is Byrnes's own shorthand notes.
While Byrnes refers to Yalta as the "High Tide of Big Three Unity," he then recounts the conflicts over Poland and other areas of eastern Europe. When Harry Truman became president, he appointed Byrnes secretary of state. Byrnes describes the Potsdam conference between Truman, Stalin and Churchill. This and most of the book takes me beyond my current period of interest, that of Franklin Roosevelt.
I still found it interesting, however, to read Byrnes's account of the Paris peace conference and the several conferences of the foreign ministers during 1946. For now, though, I will leave this reporting on James Byrnes's memoirs until I have read other sources on the topics that he covers.
Harry Truman takes the stage
21st April, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
I have finished Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941-1946, by Averell Harriman, so I will write about selected parts following the death of Franklin Roosevelt.
Harriman was immediately impressed with President Harry Truman when he met the president. In the five days since Roosevelt's burial, Truman had already made himself familiar with the Yalta agreements and the correspondence between Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. Thus he was aware of the challenges that the United States faced in its relations with the Soviet Union.
Truman from the first intended to stand firm with the Soviets. Harriman explained that Russia was breaking the agreements that Stalin had made at Yalta, and Truman understood and agreed with this view. Harriman urged a quid pro quo approach to dealing with the Soviets. He said that although they would take control of everything that they could by bluffing, they had a weak economy and would need American help to rebuild.
Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius had encountered "a complete deadlock" in trying to move Soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov toward carrying out the Yalta agreements on the Polish government. Truman was thus informed before he was scheduled to meet with Molotov, and he solicited the views of other advisers. Some agreed with Harriman that a firm stance was needed, while others wanted to avoid a break with the Russians.
Truman then held his well known meeting with Molotov, in which he sharply told the Soviet foreign minister to live up to the agreements that they had made. Even Harriman was somewhat taken aback by Truman's vigorous attack on Molotov and considered it a mistake.
Harriman recounts his time in San Francisco at the first conference of the United Nations. In speaking to the press he warned that the Soviets were backing away from the Yalta agreements that involved the governments of Eastern Europe. This earned him the disapproval of some reporters and writers with more liberal leanings.
In an attempt to halt the slide in Soviet-American relations, Harriman supported the idea suggested by Charles Bohlen that Harry Hopkins, Roosevelt's closest adviser, meet with Stalin. Truman at first opposed the idea. At the same time came the crisis over the inadvertent halting of Lend Lease aid to Russia.
Harriman returned to Moscow via London and Paris. Harriman met with Churchill, who urged that he, Truman and Stalin should meet soon. In Paris Harriman joined Harry Hopkins and continued on to Moscow. Stalin greeted Hopkins warmly, as an old friend. Hopkins told Stalin that Truman had sent him because many Americans were upset by the trend of relations with Russia. The Poland problem seemed to be at the heart of this feeling. Stalin replied that the Soviets only wanted a friendly Poland, but British conservatives were pushing for using Poland as part of a cordon sanitaire around Russia.
While the talks remained friendly throughout, Stalin, Hopkins and Harriman did not reach any agreements. Harriman tells of Stalin voicing other grievances and of the talks that ranged over several days and a number of issues. Harriman reported to Truman that the visit had created a much better atmosphere for the president's planned meeting with Stalin.
Averell Harriman, Special Envoy
15th April, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
In March 2015 I started a new book, Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941-1946, by W. Averell Harriman. He wrote the book with Elie Abel, a foreign affairs correspondent, in 1975.
The book starts with Harriman's assignment by Franklin Roosevelt in February 1941. Roosevelt sent Harriman to Great Britain to determine the aid short of war that the United States could provide that embattled nation. Harriman recounts his initial meeting with Roosevelt, in which FDR was vague about the people in the administration with whom Harriman would work. Lend-Lease was not set up yet, so Harriman's departure waited on that.
Harriman first tells about the exploits of Harry Hopkins, who first traveled to England to meet Winston Churchill. It was Hopkins who proposed to FDR that Harriman take on the mission to England. Harriman was a strong supporter of Lend-Lease and wanted quick action to help Britain fight Hitler.
Harriman prepared by interviewing every high Washington official whom he could find. With the military leaders he encountered a reluctance to give Great Britain the munitions and material that it needed desperately because they thought that the United States might soon need those weapons for its own defense.
After a five-day air journey, Harriman arrived in England and met with Churchill. He told the prime minister that he would need to learn all about Britain's war plans and needs before he could make the case that the British could make better use of war materiel than could the United States. Churchill assured Harriman that nothing would be kept from him.
I left off blogging about the Harriman book while I have been taking a class on grant writing. I have continued reading the book, so that I am past the Yalta Conference in February 1945. It is April 15 as I write this, so we just passed the 70th anniversary of FDR's death.
After reading several memoirs and a book devoted to Yalta, I have recognized that Harriman's book is more a history than a memoir. Since he wrote it in 1975, he has many primary sources to draw on, and these are cited in the notes. I have only glanced at the notes so far, and it seems that he mined these primary sources, such as the Foreign Relations of the United States papers, for much of the story as well as calling on his own recollections or papers.
As noted, the book covers to 1946, so it will discuss the first years of the Truman administration and the onset of the Cold War. I intend to blog about the remainder of the book, so please visit my blog again.
Joseph Stalin at Yalta
24th February, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
While I have been blogging about the Yalta Conference, I also have read most of Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, by Simon Sebag Montefiore. This book sheds much light on Joseph Stalin and the people in his political and family circles.
Since Yalta is of such interest to me, I will focus on the chapter "The Swaggering Conqueror: Yalta and Berlin." Security arrangements for the Yalta Conference included more than 600 in Stalin's personal bodyguard plus four NKVD regiments, antiaircraft guns and 160 fighter planes guarding the conference. To ensure that no suspicious people remained in the area, 74,000 people were checked and 835 arrested.
Montefiore describes the elaborate preparations of Stalin's living quarters for the conference, which included waiters from the leading Moscow hotels. In one of their first interactions, Franklin Roosevelt offended Stalin by letting Stalin know that he and Winston Churchill referred to Stalin as "Uncle Joe." Stalin was assured that this was a joke.
During the first plenary session of the Yalta Conference, Stalin impressed a young Andrei Gromyko by speaking and working with no papers or notes and with a memory like a computer. Montefiore notes that Stalin made his famous remark, "How many divisions has the Pope?" during one of these plenary sessions.
Stalin liked Roosevelt and was even fascinated by him. Stalin showed emotions toward Roosevelt that Gromyko had not seen him demonstrate before.
Stalin held out for a strong Poland, which could no longer be a corridor for enemies to attack Russia. He also promised repeatedly to join the war against Japan, in return for Sakhalin and the Kuriles.
On February 8, 1945, Stalin hosted a dinner and invited Beria, whom he described to Roosevelt as "our Himmler." This description upset FDR. At Churchill's dinner on February 10, Stalin expressed confidence that Churchill would win the upcoming election.
In discussing the accusations that Roosevelt and Churchill "sold out Eastern Europe" to Stalin, Montefiore notes that Stalin always believed that force would decide who ruled Eastern Europe and that Stalin had 10 million troops occupying the area by the time of Yalta.
Stalin is an excellent book, although reading about his paranoia, the Terror and the character of some of the people around Stalin is rather dispiriting.
Conclusion of Yalta
I am skipping over the chapter "Prisoners of War" in S. M. Plokhy's Yalta: The Price of Peace, as I want to focus on the chapters covering the conclusion of the conference.
"The Last Supper" opens with Winston Churchill awaiting the arrival of dinner guests at his villa on February 10, 1945. The Prime Minister had spent the day trying to talk the Russians down from their German reparations demands. Churchill also was upset by Franklin Roosevelt's announcement that he would leave Yalta the following afternoon.
The day's talks continued over dinner and influenced the toasts, which were part of every such occasion. Churchill toasted the heads of state, which included Roosevelt but excluded Joseph Stalin. The Soviet leader responded by lamenting that the British were attempting to deny the Soviets the reparations that they deserved. Churchill on the defensive then agreed to let reparations be mentioned in the communiqué, a position that he had strongly opposed until Stalin maneuvered him into it.
Stalin and Roosevelt tried to encourage Churchill about his chances in the upcoming British elections. Plokhy recounts other conversations, which established an atmosphere of intimacy among the three leaders. They created the "spirit of Yalta," the feeling that, despite their differences, the three nations could find a basis of understanding.
On February 11, the Big Three met to review the final documents of the conference. They discussed some disagreements over having the document give Roosevelt credit for voting procedure in the United Nations and over Poland. Churchill feared domestic opposition to the settlement on Poland, but Stalin and Roosevelt persuaded him to go along with the language as written.
After discussing the order in which they would sign the communiqué, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin signed in that order following a final lunch. That ended the conference except for details left to the foreign ministers to clean up.
Here I will leave my account of this excellent book on the Yalta Conference. Plokhy takes about another 80 pages to recount the aftermath of Yalta.
While I have been blogging about Plokhy's book, I also have read Roosevelt and the Russians: The Yalta Conference, by Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. Plokhy often cited this source in his book. Stettinius, the U.S. Secretary of State, recounts his role at Roosevelt's side during the entire Yalta Conference as well as the meetings of foreign ministers. He provides many details of these meetings as well as the meetings leading up to Yalta and its aftermath.
The photo below shows Soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov, Stettinius and British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden.
Imperial matters at Yalta
An outburst by Winston Churchill against any move that would threaten the British Empire opens the chapter "Iran, Turkey and the Empire" in S. M. Plokhy's Yalta: The Price of Peace.
This statement by Churchill convinced Franklin Roosevelt that the British would in no way cooperate in relinquishing their empire. Churchill had reacted to part of a report of the foreign ministers presented by Secretary of State Edward Stettinius. The report actually dealt with Japanese possessions, not British. It also revealed that the foreign ministers had not reached any agreement on Iran.
The Soviets and the British had divided up Iran earlier in the war to prevent Nazi influence there and to secure the supply route to Russia. The two powers, though, had a history of competition for control of the region. Despite the Russian and British violation of the principles of the Atlantic Charter, Roosevelt would not intervene on behalf of Iran.
Following the first meeting of the Big Three in Teheran in November 1943, Roosevelt spoke in favor of American aid for Iran. By the time of the Yalta Conference, all of the Big Three were contesting for influence over Iran's oil. When Roosevelt delivered a speech at Yalta calling for aid to Iran, he drew little response from Churchill and Joseph Stalin. Thus Stettinius dropped the proposal, and the United States supported the British position in Iran. The Soviets refused to discuss Iran at Yalta. The conference communiqué only stated that the foreign ministers had exchanged ideas and would continue to discuss the situation.
The Soviets had another topic that they definitely wanted to discuss: The age-old Russian desire for control over Istanbul and the Black Sea straits. Stalin introduced the straits question at the February 10 plenary session. Churchill had already agreed to support Stalin on this matter at their October 1943 meeting. At Yalta, though, he requested a specific proposal for revising the 1936 Montreux Convention, which had given Turkey control of the straits. Stalin did not make such a proposal, and the issue was deferred to a future foreign ministers meeting.
The next chapter, "Secret Agreements," describes Roosevelt as eager to wrap up the Yalta Conference and leave for his meeting with Middle Eastern leaders. Stalin, however, still wanted to confirm arrangements for the war in Asia. Foreign Commissar Molotov summoned Averell Harriman to a meeting at which he intended to tie up the loose ends of the deal for Soviet entry into the war against Japan. These issues involved granting the Soviets access to a Chinese port and to railways in Manchuria.
FDR already had agreed to keep this deal secret from the Chinese, to avoid having Soviet intentions leak to the Japanese. After more negotiation, Stalin agreed to joint operation of the railroads with the Chinese, and FDR agreed to the Soviets leasing Port Arthur.
The final issue that Roosevelt wanted to settle was the touchy matter of the number of Soviet versus American votes in the United Nations general assembly. The Soviets wanted two extra votes for their two largest republics, and FDR felt compelled by domestic political pressure to ask for three votes for the United States. Stalin replied that he favored this balancing of votes.
Germany and liberated Europe
6th February, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
Issues involving Germany remained unresolved until the last days of the Yalta Conference, as S.M. Plokhy writes in Yalta: The Price of Peace.
Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin faced off on the issues of French membership in the Allied Control Commission, which would run Germany, and the Soviet request for $10 billion in reparations from Germany. Franklin Roosevelt did not have strong opinions on either issue.
Harry Hopkins did favor the British position on France and urged FDR to do the same. When Roosevelt took a position favoring French participation in the control commission, he informed Stalin privately, and Stalin relented. Plokhy notes that Stalin kept his word and that he intended to use his support for Roosevelt's position on France as a bargaining chip to gain Roosevelt's support for German reparations.
Stalin and Churchill later discussed reparations and did not reach agreement. During the plenary session later on February 10, FDR took Churchill's side in opposing setting a dollar figure for reparations. Stalin replied that the $10 billion amount was mainly the value of German industrial equipment that the Soviets wanted to remove. Stalin made an emotional appeal for the reparations, which he said the Soviet Union deserved as the nation that had suffered most at German hands.
Roosevelt then changed to Stalin's side, expressing concern only with the word "reparations." FDR thought that the American public might interpret reparations to mean cash payments from Germany. Stalin and Churchill finally agreed to leave the amount to the reparations commission, and FDR agreed, too.
Plokhy points out that in both of these issues, FDR mainly was trying to act as an honest broker between the Soviets and British. While he did not feel strongly either way on the German issues, he did want agreement among the Big Three.
The next chapter deals first with the Declaration on Liberated Europe, an American document that Plokhy notes received little attention at Yalta despite its prominence during the Cold War.
The document originated in the U.S. State Department as a preamble to a document creating a European Commission to oversee liberated areas. FDR, however, opposed the creation of such a commission, as he thought that it would complicate the formation of the world organization. James Byrnes, speaking for Roosevelt, persuaded Secretary of State Edward Stettinius to drop the idea of a commission. Instead, Alger Hiss modified the document to make the individual Allied governments responsible for taking joint action to achieve their goals.
Stalin actually raised the issue of the Declaration on Liberated Europe, which led FDR to introduce it into the Yalta discussion. While Churchill agreed with the language of the declaration, he wanted it to follow his interpretation of the Atlantic Charter. Churchill never fully accepted the Atlantic Charter's promise of national self-determination.
Plokhy then describes British actions in Greece to install a government favorable to them. While this was resolved by the time of Yalta, Stalin kept reminding Churchill of British actions in Greece as a way to obtain a quid pro quo for Soviet influence in Poland.
Plokhy notes that the Declaration on Liberated Europe failed to include a mechanism for implementing its principles. Still, it seemed a success because it committed the United States to nothing while placing responsibility on the British and the Soviets for behaving according to its principles.
The Yalta settlement on Poland
18th January, 2015 · dscherm · Leave a comment
The next chapter in Yalta: The Price of Peace, by S. M. Plokhy, is titled "Allies Should Not Deceive." After a discussion of the living conditions for the conference participants, Plokhy covers Joseph Stalin's dinner on the fourth night of the conference. The work day had been frustrating, with no agreement yet on Poland or French participation in the occupation of Germany. Despite these problems, personal relations among the Big Three were friendly and positive.
At this dinner, Lavrentii Beria, the head of the NKVD, made his international debut, to mixed reactions. Stalin described him to Franklin Roosevelt as "our Himmler," and FDR did not find the comparison amusing. Beria played a leading role in the bugging of the Western allies at Yalta, which Plokhy recounts.
The dinner was interrupted frequently by toasts, many of which Stalin proposed. Some of these dealt with the future of the alliance. While Roosevelt said much less in his toast than Winston Churchill and Stalin proclaimed in theirs, he recognized the importance of their statements on the alliance and came away from the dinner prepared to make concessions.
"A Polish Surrender" is the title of the next chapter. While the photo shoot of the three leaders and their associates was cheerful and friendly, the plenary session that followed was marked by hard bargaining. Plokhy calls it the turning point of the Yalta Conference.
President Roosevelt had a new idea on Poland. He had achieved his two primary goals: Soviet membership in the United Nations and their agreement to enter the war against Japan. He did not want to risk these two goals by negotiating further with the Russians for a free and democratic Polish government. Instead he wanted a document on Poland that he could show to his constituents at home and that would satisfy the Soviets.
The United States proposal called for a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity made up of democratic elements from within Poland and from Poles abroad. This government would be "reorganized" in Moscow, in talks between Molotov and the two Western Allies' ambassadors. This meant that the Americans were agreeing to the Soviet demand that the new government be "reorganized" based on the existing, Soviet-dominated government. It would aim to carry out free and unfettered elections at the earliest possible date.
While Molotov was surprised that their demands were being met in the American proposal, he still moved to ensure that this provisional government would be friendly to the Soviets. Churchill objected to adopting Molotov's proposed amendments to the American plan without further discussion. Churchill insisted on retaining the original American proposal that the ambassadors to Poland would monitor the Polish elections, to ensure that they would be free and democratic. Churchill and Stalin discussed the election process, and Roosevelt joined in, siding with Churchill. Thus the day's session ended in discord.
The next morning, in the foreign ministers' meeting, Secretary of State Edward Stettinius dropped the American request to have the Western ambassadors report on the Polish elections. FDR had originated this concession, and Churchill was not pleased by it. Later that day, the seventh day of the Yalta Conference, Churchill went to meet with Stalin, to discuss Poland.
Churchill wanted to press on with having the Western ambassadors report on the Polish elections. When Stalin assured Churchill and Eden that Britain could have representatives in Poland with freedom of movement, Eden proposed that the ambassadors to Poland would inform their governments of the situation in Poland and dropped the idea of reporting on the elections. Stalin was satisfied with this.
While Churchill told Roosevelt that he had retrieved the situation on Poland, the final agreement was "an act of surrender to the Soviets," according to Plokhy. The final question involved Poland's western borders, which the participants agreed to leave for a future discussion with the new government of Poland.
While Roosevelt would incur much criticism for the Yalta agreement on Poland, he acknowledged at the time that the agreement was too elastic but "it's the best I can do for Poland at this time."
Stalin and Japan at Yalta
"The Far Eastern Blitz" is the next chapter in S. M. Plokhy's Yalta: The Price of Peace, and it deals with the efforts at the Yalta Conference to have the Soviets enter the war against Japan.
The chapter opens with Joseph Stalin receiving a letter from Franklin Roosevelt in which Roosevelt agreed to the Soviet conditions for going to war with Japan: Russian control of southern Sakhalin and the Kurile islands, north of Japan.
The Soviets had signed a nonaggression pact with Japan in 1941 and thus had kept secret their territorial ambitions toward Japan. Plokhy tells of discussions between Stalin and Roosevelt at Teheran in which the Soviet leader also requested concessions in north China. Plokhy notes that the agreements on Soviet and United States cooperation against Japan were only spoken and thus not binding, and they remained so for the remainder of the war.
Roosevelt faced divisions within his administration over these concessions to the Soviets. While the military placed the highest priority on having the Russians enter the war against Japan, elements of the State Department opposed granting Russia control over Japanese and Chinese areas. The military's plans for Soviet action against Japan were part of their plan for invading the Japanese mainland.
Roosevelt met with Stalin to discuss the matter, accompanied only by Foreign Commissar Molotov and Averell Harriman. A breakthrough for Roosevelt came when Stalin agreed to order his military to prepare for discussions with U.S. military leaders on joint operations against Japan.
Roosevelt and Stalin disagreed, however, over the Soviet demands that affected China. FDR was reluctant to commit to Soviet influence in north China without first consulting Chiang Kai-Shek. When Stalin countered that he must have these benefits to show to the Russian people to justify entering the war against Japan or he could not promise that the Soviets would take that step, Roosevelt suggested a secret agreement, and Stalin leapt at the opportunity.
The two leaders also reached an agreement on a trusteeship for Korea. This agreement did not include Great Britain, although it allowed for British participation if the British protested. Plokhy notes that the two leaders established an atmosphere of trust and understanding.
At about the same time as this meeting, the United States and Soviet military commanders met to discuss strategy against Japan. The Soviets seemed eager to cooperate with the U.S., although they could make no commitment about establishing American bases on Soviet soil without Stalin's approval.
Plokhy closes by noting that Roosevelt paid a high price for Stalin's agreeing to enter the war against Japan. He agreed to hand over territories even before the war had ended, a practice which he had condemned numerous times, notably in the Atlantic Charter. Roosevelt did so to shorten the war and save American lives. While he saw no alternative to meeting Stalin's demands, the cost was indeed high.


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Pa. horse racing industry puts integrity first: PennLive letters
Pennsylvaina Horse Racing
Gallery: Pennsylvaina Horse Racing
By PennLive Letters to the Editor
Despite recent stories from Pennlive about Penn National Race Course, horse racing at the East Hanover Twp. facility - and the industry in general - reveal a sport that is among the most tested of any in the world. The results show a healthy industry that puts integrity first.
In 2011, racing commissions conducted 21 times more drug tests than the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), according to Racing Commissioners International (RCI). Unlike USADA, horse racing tests for more substances and does not permit therapeutic use exemptions for stimulants, opiates, hormones, narcotics and a host of other substances. Despite testing more often and banning more substances, 301,769 samples from tested racehorses revealed 99.59 percent were found to have no violations.
Locally, Pennsylvania is home to one of the finest horse toxicology laboratories in the world, the Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Lab (PETRL). PETRL, which tests all winning horses, is the first laboratory to develop and establish a method for confirming blood-doping agents in racehorse serum. In all, 99.5 percent of all post-race testing samples in Pennsylvania are cleared by PETRL.
The Pennsylvania Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association (PA HBPA), which represents all horse owners, trainers and their employees at Penn National, is also doing its part.
We've donated substantial funding to PETRL to enhance its testing technology, ensuring a level playing field on the racetrack for owners and trainers. Pennsylvania HBPA is also one of the first organizations in the country to implement third-party administration of race day treatments, banning private veterinarians from treatment stalls, now considered a national standard.
The Pennsylvania HBPA is committed to our horses long after they're past their racing prime.
We've created "New Start," an adoption program for retired racehorses, which is funded by a fee paid by all horse owners at Penn National. We would encourage PennLive readers to learn more about this important program at www.newstartforhorses.com.
TODD MOSTOLLER, executive director, The Pennsylvania Horsemen's Benevolent and Protective Association, East Hanover Twp.
'We're trying to move forward': What you need to know about the Penn National Race Course scandal
PennLive's coverage from the beginning

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Come on down to Green Park for a week of wildness, featuring events like drag bingo and a killer line-up of international DJs!
Come along to our community pilates classes. They're free and open to everyone.
Improve physical strength, flexibility, posture and enhance mental awareness.
Mats are provided. Please bring a towel and water.
Obsessed: Compelled to make explores the preoccupations that drive the creative process.
The exhibition provides an insight into the working practices of 14 artists from across Australia.
Moving beyond the finished work, this project tells the hidden stories of making. It uncovers the artists' inspirations, day-to-day studio experiences, hours of expertise and the joys and frustrations of obsession.
In celebration of Mardi Gras' 40th anniversary, we will be throwing our biggest Party Gras to date! Time to glam up, get your glitter on and join us for the most colourful event of the year!
Hit the DF with all of your fave diva anthems and make for one epic party!


This page outlines the Code of Conduct and a couple of policies that Wellesley Basketball expects MetroWest players, their parents, and coaches to follow. Players and parents were in fact asked to agree to the Code of Conduct statement as part of the MW registration process.
Our primary winter program is CYO and that includes one practice and one game per week. Everyone is included, regardless of whether they can participate in the weekend evaluations we use to create the balanced teams. So even if Metrowest does not work out this year, your child will be able to participate in an excellent, competitive program.
playing time between all the players who made it to practices during the week leading up to a regular season game.
game (assuming a field of at least 8 players).
the target maximum is 2/3 per game (assuming a field of at least 8 players) for regular season as well as playoffs.
etc., that would not help a player's development. "Make-up" time throughout the season is expected.
demonstrating improved skills during the games.


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Los Abogados LSAT Program: Laying a Foundation For The Future
Jessica S. Sanchez
Phoenix Article
The Los Abogados LSAT Fellowship Program increases diversity within the legal profession by helping diverse individuals overcome one major hurdle to law school admissions – the LSAT exam.
When I began my presidency in 2016, Los Abogados already had a long history of funding scholarships for Latino law students (I was a fortunate recipient of the Cordova Scholarship). Los Abogados has also long participated in many programs to inspire K-12 youth to pursue legal careers; however, no formal program existed to mentor those individuals applying to law school.
The Pipeline Committee was formed to implement strategic efforts to increase the number of Latinos in law school and to assist Latinos in the law school admissions process.
Daryl Gonzalez and Marcos Tapia, the founding Committee members, and I reflected on our own journeys and brainstormed different ideas for increasing the number of Latino law students. While the three of us had been admitted and became attorneys, we felt like we were the lucky ones.
Speaking for myself, my LSAT score was "good enough," though certainly nothing to brag about. I purchased a self-study guide, because I could NOT justify spending $1,000 on a preparation course when I had other immediate expenses such as tuition and rent. I also don't believe I grasped how important getting the "best" score possible was to both admissions and scholarship opportunities.
Marcos and Daryl also regretted not having found a way to take a LSAT preparation course. Had we done so, our "good enough" scores could have been "great enough" to merit scholarship funds. We also realized that a few points in our scores, could very well have resulted in our rejection to law school or having to have paid an exorbitant amount of money to attend an unaccredited or low-ranked school. It seemed so unfortunate that $1,000 could be the difference for someone like us to be able to pursue their dream.
Marcos and Daryl also regretted not having found a way to take a LSAT preparation course. Had we done so, our "good enough" scores could have been "great enough" to merit scholarship funds.
The Committee started with the idea of offering a few scholarships for LSAT preparation courses. A Kaplan representative encouraged us to consider providing the course to a cohort of individuals, along with mentorship, to make the course more impactful.
In 2017, with the support and donations from several members of the organization and community partners, we launched our first cohort of fellows. Twice per week, the ASU Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law donated the use of the "Los Abogados Conference Room" in the law library for the live instruction. On Saturdays, the fellows had the opportunity to visit participating law firms where a Los Abogados attorney proctored a practice LSAT exam. Towards the end of our program both ASU and UofA sent representatives from their admissions offices to talk about financial aid and the admissions process. Each student met with an admissions representative to discuss ways to put their best foot forward in their applications.
"The Los Abogados LSAT program is the reason I am able to go to law school," says former Fellowship participant Jose Urteaga. "Before the program I was uninformed; both about the LSAT/application process AND the nuances that come with attending law school. The program introduced me to the LSAT, helped prepare me, and welcomed me into a large support network here in Phoenix that I could rely on to guide me through applying and attending law school that you just can't learn on your own. The program has made law school a thoughtful, and financially responsible decision. I am now ready to go to law school and join my mentors as a colleague."
With the help of sustaining sponsors like Snell & Wilmer and Nunez & Associates, along with many generous donations from our members and community partners, our Program continues, and we are gearing up to launch our third cohort for 2019.
We are proud that several fellows are currently in law school or have recently been admitted, and we eagerly await the admissions results for several more. Other fellows are taking the tools that they received in the program to continue to improve their LSAT score before submitting an application. All of our fellows know they have our full support.
We are so thankful to all who made our vision a reality so that Los Abogados can continue to lay the foundation for the future. Jessica Sanchez
Jessica Sanchez is a partner with the firm Udall Shumway PLC. She focuses her practice exclusively in the area of education law, representing school districts and charter schools throughout the state. In addition to her legal practice, Jessica is very involved in the legal and greater community.


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The Yoshis are a peaceful race of Dinosaurs that inhabit various places including Yoshi Island in Dinosaur Land and Yoshi Village on Lavalava Island. They always help out Mario when they can although they often have trouble with Kamek and sometimes the ravens, although the Yoshis of Lavalava Island seem to have no problem with the ravens. When Yoshis die, they become Ghoshis.
A Yoshi's dominating feature is its nose, taking up most of its head. They are very sensitive when smelling out fruit or secrets that could be buried underground. They probably locate family and friends by smell, along with skin color. Even though they have teeth, these are rarely seen or used. The Fighting Polygons version of a Yoshi shows three pointy teeth, even though in the game Yoshi didn't show teeth. They have long, adhesive tongues that can cling to most enemies, allowing a Yoshi to swallow it whole. They can either swallow whatever they eat, or encase it in an egg. The eggs can be used as projectile weapons to defeat enemies and bosses.
This is where Mario first met the Yoshis in Super Mario World and where he met the Yoshi. These Yoshis seem to be an anarchy with no leader or form of power, they just live in peace on the island with the various inhabitants, aside from some like the ravens who attack them. These Yoshis seem to worship a happy tree.
These Yoshis are on a distant island which humans used to inhabit. They live here at peace with the Ravens and have a leader, Village Leader and they respect the island's leader Raphael the Raven as well. They do not get along with the Jungle Guys or Fuzzies. However they are not at all volatile.
Yoshis come in a variety of colors, they include Green, Red, Blue, Light Blue, Pink, Purple, Orange, White, Black, Brown, Yellow, Gold, Magenta, Lime, Teal, Maroon and Multicolor (called Rainbow Yoshi) . These are the only Yoshis that have been seen however it is possible that there could be other Yoshis of different colors.
In the German Club Nintendo magazine, there was a Yoshi-themed horoscope section that revealed a strange and unusual class of Yoshi: the Cancer Yoshi (also known as der Krebs Yoshi). This Yoshi is a dark blue and features a particular pinchy pair of pincers instead of the regular Yoshi hands. Not much seems to be known about this particular Yoshi.
Red Yoshi from Super Mario Kart All Stars!
Rainboshi is Yoshi's big sister. Rainboshi is older than Yoshella.


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Tag: evacuees
For Hurricane Evacuee And Mom, Persistence Leads To Graduation
Commencement was two days away and Karina Lasalle Arroyo had hauled out nearly seven months' worth of luggage from her time in Connecticut. She stood in a dormitory parking lot and confirmed she was ready to go home. "More than ready," Lasalle, 21, said with a laugh. Check out the full story By Vanessa de … More For Hurricane Evacuee And Mom, Persistence Leads To Graduation
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As Hartford Becomes Home, Puerto Rican Evacuees Take A Trip To Mark Twain House
Minutes into touring the Mark Twain House in Hartford, the visitors came across a black-and-white photo of a young Clara Clemens, a daughter of Mark Twain. Soon, it dawned on everyone that Clara looks a lot like Milianis Rivera, a Puerto Rican evacuee. "Yes, yes. … I saw it right away," said the tour guide, … More As Hartford Becomes Home, Puerto Rican Evacuees Take A Trip To Mark Twain House
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Puerto Rican Evacuees Become College Mentors At Hartford's Bulkeley High
Communications major Marivelisse Acosta attends Central Connecticut State University. But on Wednesday night, she stood in the cafeteria of Hartford's Bulkeley High School, contemplating what to say as a mentor to the school's displaced students from Puerto Rico. "You're so much better than what you've gone through," said Acosta, 19, herself a Puerto Rican evacuee. … More Puerto Rican Evacuees Become College Mentors At Hartford's Bulkeley High
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At This Hartford School, Welcoming Puerto Rican Evacuees Is Personal
A sprightly "Good morning!" awaited students and parents who approached Sanchez Elementary School on the Friday before spring break. Maybe the school staff was in an extra good mood? But Merelys Torres, secretary of Sanchez's parent-teacher organization, said it's like this every morning. She noticed it right away when her family came to Hartford from … More At This Hartford School, Welcoming Puerto Rican Evacuees Is Personal
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Displaced By The Storm, Puerto Rican Students Settle In At Connecticut College
It's lunchtime at Central Connecticut State University and 10 students converge on their usual spot in the dining hall. They start talking about the food — and it becomes clear that they don't love the rice. They explain that it's not as seasoned as the homemade arroz in Puerto Rico. So pizza it is. "I literally eat … More Displaced By The Storm, Puerto Rican Students Settle In At Connecticut College
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In Aftermath Of Hurricane Maria, Hartford Educators Say They Need More Help
It's mid-March and Hartford Public High School teacher Bridget Allison goes over essay-writing tips for her fourth-period class. After a while, she checks in on a group of students who are seated together — a few of the evacuees from Puerto Rico. She wants to make sure they understood her instructions. But Allison doesn't speak … More In Aftermath Of Hurricane Maria, Hartford Educators Say They Need More Help
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A Self-Diagnosed Multitasker's Radically Simple Self-Care Routine
BY: Gretchen Lidicker
By Gretchen Lidicker
"Don't commit to a whole big pampering routine," says Minna Lee, a wellness entrepreneur, health coach, and content creator who has mastered the art of the quick, easy, and inexpensive self-care routine.
For Lee — a self-diagnosed multitasker — taking care of herself means doing only one thing at a time, even if it's only for a few minutes. She'll drink her morning coffee with her phone in the other room or apply a facemask and just sit there for 15 minutes, fighting her natural urge to be productive in some way." I actually use [a facemask] that hardens so I can't talk or eat at the same time," she laughs.
Foam rolling is another favorite."You can't do THAT while you're on your phone," she says. Plus, according to Lee, who is also a certified personal trainer, from a myofascial therapy point of view, "massage and foam rolling are essentially the same thing." Lee recommends covering larger areas with the foam roller and doing slow rolls, starting with the glutes and then moving to the legs and hitting the upper back area last.
Like so many things, this novel approach to self-care was born out of necessity. "When I was first launching my startup I didn't have money or time. That's what forced me to think: What's something I can do in 15 or 20 minutes to make me feel like I won't explode?" she says.
When her schedule is particularly hectic, she says she holds on tight to the littlest things that allow her to prioritize herself: "For someone who's constantly jumping around, it's nice to have to stay in one lane for once, even if it's for 15 minutes."
How to do it: If you're in need of a little self-care, don't go straight to planing a spa trip or full-day wellness marathon. Instead, lean on the quick, cheap, and easy practices that force you to slow down. Do them one at a time. Simply enjoying a cup of of coffee without the presence of your phone can be a quick way to add some peace to a hectic morning.
Meet the Make-it-Easy Masters
It's easy to be inspired by women who do big, incredible things like starting their own medical practice, running a marathon, or writing a book. But we can't forget about the small stuff, either! That's why we teamed up with Youtheory to bring you the Make-It-Easy Masters series. You'll meet 10 women who are doing big things while still making sure they get the little things done. They're sharing tips, recipes, and wisdom on everything from meal prep to self care to natural beauty to inspire your journey towards good living.


On its return, the train makes a short stop at Cei Llydan, an ideal place for a lakeside picnic, before arriving back at Gilfach Ddu. Here you can watch the driver stoking the fire, the engine taking water, or spend some time visiting our gift shop and cafe.
The five mile return trip takes around 60 minutes, and all advertised trains are scheduled to be hauled by one of our vintage steam engines rescued from the nearby Dinorwic slate quarries.


In the hustle and bustle of life, it's easy to get swept along with the emotion of circumstance. Sometimes there may be good days, other times, bad. Debts might be piling up in one corner of life, relationship problems in another, an upcoming holiday to look forward to elsewhere, which gives us a sense of hope.
We might feel we are finally getting somewhere, only to find the next moment pulls us back a dozen steps, like a frustrating game of snakes and ladders.
Society has conditioned us to be restless, we have been taught to strive for more if we want to be more. We are shown what could be, if we work hard enough and do what needs to be done, particularly in the accumulation of wealth and status.
Well the pursuit of achievement is a fools errand, if you're looking for fulfilment. You see achievement is conditional, it depends on something outside of yourself happening. Fulfilment is not at the end of this road, you will never find it beyond achievement or success, it's somewhere else entirely, it's inside you.
Something I discovered a while ago was to learn to look at life through fresh eyes, to strip away all the BS, and focus on the really important things, the things that matter, and what are they you may ask? Well a truly enlightened person would say, there isn't anything that really matters, because everything you can engage or interact with is part of "form" which is by it's very nature, fleeting and impermanent.
The house you live in, might be legally owned by you, but in reality, it's not yours, it will pass to someone else at some point in the future, whether you like it or not. Same with the car in the driveway, and all of your possessions.
Even the relationships you currently enjoy, will pass over one day.
You can accumulate all the wealth in the world, a billion dollars if you like, but one day, that too will be gone from your possession, you can't take it from this life. You can't take any form beyond death.
In reality, you own nothing of form, and that shouldn't really be a troubling thought, because, form doesn't matter, in the great scheme of things, it just isn't important. It's within the realms of achievement.
So if achievement and the pursuit of form is a fools errand, what should we be focused on, what should we spend our attention on, where will we find fulfilment?
Well, EVERYTHING ELSE, is the answer, and what is everything else, when you take away FORM, which is the physical world? Eckhart Tolle would answer… THE FORMLESS. The formless that allows form to be, after all, without space, the planets could not orbit, without the observer of form, form could not be.
Space, the formless is not something you can see or touch, that is the problem for many, they only believe what they can see, touch and prove, everything else is seen as fantasy.
At the same time, we are happy to be completely controlled, directed and driven by THOUGHT, we "think" more than we do anything else. We incessantly talk to ourselves in our heads, reliving past glories, re-running past arguments, projecting future scenarios, telling ourselves stories of this and that. We use thoughts to work things out, to make sense of things, and to find answers. Yet thoughts can't be touched or seen in the material world, yet they exist without doubt. But thought are not formless in the sense that, we should be focusing our attention on them, in fact, we should be spending less time than we do in thought, particularly emotionally driven thought that we invest in, with our sense of self.
We should use thought, and not be used by it. It's a kind of form focused formless ability that we have, but it's not who we are. Thought is in fact a barrier to finding who or what we really are. Take BELIEFS, which are really just rigid thought patterns; we hold onto them, defend them, fight for them, even kill for them. They are our beliefs and they matter to us. In reality most beliefs are built on assumptions and inferences, rather than evidence and fact. Go through your beliefs, write them down, then ask yourself where they come from, what are they based on? Show me the evidence of your convictions.
Beyond THOUGHT and beyond FORM is where we should be focusing attention, it's the space and formless that flows through us, and everything else in the world, this is where fulfilment can be found, it's in us, everyone of us. We are connected by the space between objects, between planets. It weaves its way through and around all form, allowing all form to be, we are that space, we exist in it, we are part of it, we experience it through CONSCIOUSNESS, which is attention in the moment. You can find it when you rise above thought and above form or at least the thought of form.
From consciousness, you can enjoy form, play with form, appreciate form, but are not burdened by being tethered to it.
From consciousness you can use thought to navigate the world of form, but are not used by it. There is a big difference.
In the realm of consciousness, fear does not exist, because fear is part of thought, and part of form. If the real you is formless, what have you got to fear?
So in the hustle and bustle of life, it's easy to get swept along with the emotion of circumstance. Sometimes there may be good days, other times, bad. Debts might be piling up in one corner of life, relationship problems in another, an upcoming holiday to look forward to elsewhere, which gives us a sense of hope. But none of that really matters does it?
For more about spirituality, check out our spirituality guide, and other posts about spirituality.


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2001 Mars Odyssey is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet. The mission is mapping the distribution of many chemical elements and minerals on the martian surface. Its maps led to the discovery of vast amounts of water ice just below the surface in the planet's polar regions.
Mars February 10, 2016
Ongoing Explorations March 3, 2014
15 Years at Mars Still going strong after 15 years October 24, 2016
Morning Fog April 8, 2014
Watery Mars April 14, 2011
Get the ultimate StarDate fan experience with our premium digital package — a one-year subscription to the digital edition of StarDate magazine and a one-year subscription to our same-day audio service. Get both together for just $45, a savings of 20% over purchasing both separately.
Star Party Tee Shirt


When researchers at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey learned of Marcia Bird's response to investigational treatment for a recurrence of endometrial cancer, they were intrigued. "We saw the response, then asked the question – and found out more than what we were looking for," recalls Janice M. Mehnert, MD, director of the Phase I/Investigational Therapeutics Program at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. What they learned was that the presence of a particular mutated enzyme may help identify a subset of cancers that are more responsive to new forms of cancer treatment known as immunotherapy.
In 2010 when Marcia Bird experienced some slight, irregular gynecologic issues, she thought it may be related to menopause – after all, she had just turned 50. Busy with life as an instructor and administrator for the Cosmetology Program at Raritan Valley Community College and keeping up with friends, family and her tennis game, Bird didn't think much of it at the time. But by the summer of 2011 she was met with a diagnosis of stage IB endometrial cancer, a disease that affects the inner lining of the uterus and is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States, according to the National Cancer Institute. Stage IB means the cancer has spread to the muscle layer of the uterus. Treatment runs the gamut, and the disease is largely curable. After having a hysterectomy, chemotherapy and radiation, followed by clear scans through 2013, Bird thought the disease was behind her. She even enrolled in a support program for cancer survivors. It was a devastating blow to learn the cancer had metastasized to her neck and pelvic lymph nodes in the spring of 2014, and she found herself again trying to determine the appropriate therapy and where.
"I told the doctors 'I don't want to look sick, and I don't want to feel sick anymore,'" recalls Marcia Bird when first considering a clinical trial at Rutgers Cancer Institute. She feels grateful a clinical trial that was the right fit was available to her – and so close to home.
After doing extensive research and visiting various cancer centers and hospitals in New Jersey, New York and New England, she decided to remain in the region, close to her Somerset County home. "I only had three options," recalls Bird. "I could undergo the same chemotherapy treatment, try different chemotherapy or look for a clinical trial." She describes her initial chemotherapy regimen as "very aggressive," and due to hair loss and other side effects, "I knew I didn't want to go through that again. I had to believe there were other opportunities." Understanding that Bird did not want to endure additional chemotherapy, her onologist strongly recommended that she have access to a clinical trial with the potential for a different form of treatment – she was referred to Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. "I told the doctors 'I don't want to look sick, and I don't want to feel sick anymore,'" Bird explains. Because of the comprehensive nature of Rutgers Cancer Institute, the Gynecologic Cancer Program and the Phase I/Investigational Therapeutics Program worked together to find the right clinical trial for Bird.
Immunotherapies, which manipulate parts of the immune system to attack cancer, represent a major advancement in cancer therapeutics which has now become an important cornerstone in the treatment plan of many patients. Therapies which target the programmed cell death protein one (PD-1), which is found on the surface of T cells, have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for several tumor types, including melanoma and lung cancer. The Phase I team at Rutgers Cancer Institute was among the first to test the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in multiple rare tumor types as part of a clinical trial.
Pembrolizumab works by blocking the interaction between PD-1 and another protein known as PD-L1. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction functions to keep the immune system in check, normally to avoid a hyperactive immune system that could cause autoimmune problems in healthy patients. However, in cancer patients, giving pembrolizumab can energize the immune system in a fashion that promotes destruction of tumor cells. Because pembrolizumab disrupts the PD-1/PD-L1 immune "checkpoints," it is part of a classification of drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
New studies, including those at Rutgers Cancer Institute, are examining the impact of pembrolizumab in other tumors. Investigators also are taking a look at what happens if other drugs are added. "Is combination therapy the way to go? Possibly, but it is often associated with greater toxicities and financial cost. If you can find out up front which patients will respond to single-agent therapy, thus sparing them the need to have a second medication added to their treatment plans, that would be clinically meaningful," says Dr. Mehnert, who is also an associate professor of medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. But In order to do that, she says, biomarkers predicting response to immunotherapy need to be identified.
Research shows that patients whose tumors demonstrate higher PD-L1 expression may have a higher chance of responding to immune checkpoint therapies. With that, high expression of PD-L1 is being explored as a potential predictor of response to treatment, but Mehnert notes it is not that simple. "PD-L1 is tough to measure – it's a challenging biomarker with no standardized method of assessment in existence. The research community agrees that high PD-L1 expression likely enriches the chances of response to therapy, but there's more to it." Because Bird's tumors were found to have a high level of PD-L1 expression, she was eligible for one of the clinical trials examining pembrolizumab for patients with endometrial cancer. She was enrolled and began taking the study drug once every two weeks through an infusion that lasts approximately one hour.
Swelling in her ankles made it challenging for Marcia Bird to keep up with her tennis game, but after only a few weeks on treatment, the swelling subsided, and she was back to her regular neighborhood matchup and some tournament play.
Bird had been trying to keep up with her regular tennis game, even during treatment, having been playing the sport since college. "The ladies in the group that I play in were wonderful in trying to get me out there and keep me going, even if it was just for a short time," she says. But the swelling in her ankles and lower extremities made it challenging to keep up. Therefore, she was thrilled when the swelling subsided after a few weeks on treatment, as it meant a return to her regular neighborhood game and some tournament play and more long walks with husband Eric and their dog Misty. A partial response was noted on CT scans performed after eight weeks of therapy, which was "very impressive" according to Mehnert, "It was the quality of the response that was unique in that it was rapid and durable," she says. "They told me the tumors had shrunk by about 40 percent after that first scan. I only experienced a fever and slight rash over the course of treatment, and no hair loss," adds Bird. "We're managing the patient's disease like a chronic illness, like diabetes, for instance. And that means an improved quality of life," reflects Mehnert. Bird has been on the clinical trial since October 2014, and even though she received "clear scans" in February 2015, she will likely continue with the treatment until the summer of 2016 as mandated by the treatment protocol.
Through the genomic analysis clinical trial, investigators have seen an average of four to five alterations for each tumor. There were more than 30 mutations in each of Bird's samples. If these results were being used to determine treatment, that would mean potentially 30 more opportunities to match the right therapy to the right target or alteration. Out of all of the mutations, Shridar Ganesan, MD, PhD, director of translational science at Rutgers Cancer Institute and lead investigator of the genomic analysis clinical trial, zeroed in on one called polymerase epsilon, or POLE.
"POLE mutations are seen in approximately 10 percent of endometrial cancers and are associated with a high burden of DNA mutations and increased expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. The high mutation burden associated with POLE mutation may stimulate the immune system, thus rendering these cancers vulnerable to immunotherapy. That knowledge coupled with what we are seeing in Mrs. Bird's case suggests the presence of POLE mutations may identify a subset of cancers that can be targeted with checkpoint therapy like pembrolizumab," notes Dr. Ganesan.
"Endometrial cancer is usually curable, however when it comes back as in Mrs. Bird's case, it is more difficult to keep under control. Given that she had multiple sites of recurrence, standard therapies are not encouraging for cure. The response to immunotherapy seen in Mrs. Bird's tumor is unexpectedly good. Given that we were able to figure out what was in her tumor that made it so sensitive to immunotherapy is a step forward for other women whose tumors harbor the POLE mutation," notes Lorna Rodriguez, MD, PhD, Director of the Precision Medicine Program at Rutgers Cancer Institute and a professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
"Such results prompt us to ask more questions and probe even further. Marcia Bird's case in particular shows how the Precision Medicine and Phase I Programs interface and demonstrates the fertile crosstalk between clinic and laboratory here at Rutgers Cancer Institute. We are constantly communicating with each other, a process that allows us to quickly bring discoveries to light," adds Mehnert.


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Academic Programs & Courses
The National Teachers College
(Philippines)
University Directory worldwide » Degrees, Courses, Programs worldwide » Academic institutions in Philippines The National Teachers College » Academic Programs & Courses, The National Teachers College, (Philippines)
Bachelor in Elementary Education major in ECED
Manila, Philippines, Philippines
Bachelor in Elementary Education major in SPED
Bachelor in Secondary Education (BSED)
Bachelor of Library & Information Science (BLIS)
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) major in Marketing Management
Bachelor of Science in Hotel & Restaurant Management
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT)
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration (BSOA)
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
Bachelor of Science in Travel Management
Baking and Pastry Production NC II ( TESDA Accredited Program)
Doctor of Education (Ed D)
ELEMENTARY Programs
Master of Arts in Education (MA Ed)


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- When submitting a job to Azure Quantum, the resulting job details may include the cost estimate of the job (if supported by the provider). The final cost on your bill might be slightly different due to added taxes and currency conversion rates.

## 1.0.0-beta.2 (2021-03-30)
- Fixed a bug where the client was unable to authenticate using Interactive or Service Principal credentials (issue #19588)

## 1.0.0-beta.1 (2021-02-01)
### Added
- Initial preview of Azure.Quantum.Jobs


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Brussilowski, Brusilovsky oder Brusylowskyj ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Anatolyj Brusylowskyj (* 1932), ukrainisch-russischer Grafiker und Fotograf
 Jewgeni Grigorjewitsch Brussilowski (1905–1981), russischer Komponist
 Mischa Schajewitsch Brussilowski (1931–2016), russischer Künstler, Maler und Grafiker
 Noam Brusilovsky (* 1989), israelischer Regisseur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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		Local Properties

Managed Object Types	Data Object Types	All Properties	All Methods

Data Object - VmDiskFileQueryFilter

Property of

VmDiskFileQuery

Extends

DynamicData

Data Object
                  Description

         The filter for the virtual disk primary file.

Properties

	          Name

	          Type

	          Description

controllerType*	xsd:string[]	Deprecated.
         As of vSphere API 5.0, this property is no longer
      relevant and should not be used.
      With the current state of emulation, we don't care about the
      adapter type a disk is connected to, as disks may be shuffled
      around. For example, a disk may be unplugged from a buslogic
      controller and plugged into an lsilogic controller.

         If this optional property is set, only virtual disk files that have a
  controller type that matches one of the controller types specified
  are returned. If no controller types are specified, this search criteria
  is ignored.

  The specified controller type is one of the controller types for a
  virtual disk.
See VirtualIDEController
See VirtualSCSIController

Since VI API 2.5

diskType*	xsd:string[]

         If this optional property is set, only the virtual disk primary files that
  match one of the specified disk types are selected. If no disk types are
  specified, this search criteria is ignored.

  The specified disk type is one of the backing information types for a
  virtual disk.
See VirtualDisk

matchHardwareVersion*	xsd:int[]

         If this optional property is set, only virtual disk primary files that match
  one of the specified hardware versions are selected.  If no versions are
  specified, this search criteria is ignored.

thin*	xsd:boolean

         This optional property can be used to filter disks based on whether
  they are thin-provsioned or not: if set to true, only thin-provisioned
  disks are returned, and vice-versa.

Since vSphere API 4.0

						Properties inherited from DynamicData

dynamicProperty, dynamicType

*Need not be set

Show WSDL type definition

<textarea cols="20" rows="10" name="wsdl-textarea" wrap="off" readonly="1" id="wsdl-textarea">         <complexType xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:vim25="urn:vim25" name="VmDiskFileQueryFilter">
            <complexContent>
               <extension base="vim25:DynamicData">
                  <sequence>
                     <element name="diskType" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                     <element name="matchHardwareVersion" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                     <element name="controllerType" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                     <element name="thin" type="xsd:boolean" minOccurs="0"/>
                  </sequence>
               </extension>
            </complexContent>
         </complexType></textarea>

Top of page		Local Properties

Managed Object Types	Data Object Types	All Properties	All Methods


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Barring a large and unexpected global or financial event, hedge funds are positioned for another year of solid growth as institutional investors seek to gain alternative exposures to traditional equity and fixed income markets. We expect asset flows into hedge funds of at least between $90 billion and $110 billion in 2015.
We predict continued flows into equity focused strategies, although those flows will likely be below the 8.6% growth rate ($78 billion) YTD seen in 2014.
Credit strategies will likely see growth similar to that of 2014, which is below its accelerated growth period of 2012-2013; however distressed, a subset of credit, is poised to see more than the $9 billion in inflows they experienced in 2014 as opportunities in certain market segments (US energy, Europe) present themselves.
Multi-strategy hedge funds appear headed for another good year in 2015, with flows that may surpass the $48 billion YTD they saw in 2014 as their diversity makes them a natural preference for long-term institutional assets coming from traditional strategies.
Macro and managed futures fund flows will likely continue to lag other major market segments with continued consolidation of AUM among the most institutional tailored strategies and further winnowing among small to mid-size systematic funds.
When it comes to its growth, and where that growth will be greatest, the hedge fund industry tends to face a dominant short-term and long-term influence. There is consistent evidence to suggest returns influence fund specific flows in the near-term (2-6 months), while allocation preferences and asset class rotation within institutional investors' portfolios have become the dominant long-term influence on industry and strategy-level growth. If we can understand how these short- and long-term influences manifest themselves, then we can patch together a reasonable view of the future.
Entering 2014, we believed the demand for hedge fund products would surpass that of 2013. Through November 2014, investors allocated 80% more to hedge funds than in the full twelve months of 2013, over $112 billion. This represents not only the largest inflows into the industry on an absolute basis since 2007, but also surpasses 2010 on a rate-of-growth basis. To understand why this happened, particularly when "the industry" was broadly described as "underperforming" in 2013, we need to recognize that the long-term trend, driven by institutional portfolio allocation decisions, determines the industry's growth, while performance determines the near-term distribution of those assets.
The logical question then is: Will institutional investors maintain their investments and continue to allocate more to hedge funds in 2015, and if so, at what rate? The short answer is yes, barring a major financial market event, they will. If a major market event were to take place, then only the most defensive asset classes would gain new assets in the very short-term. The variation of flows over a longer horizon, which would be based upon new valuations across many asset classes as determined by whatever the specific event might be, is nearly impossible to predict. While there are many differing opinions on the valuations of securities and assets across the world, there are few who believe a major market event is imminent, so we will operate under those assumptions, but with keeping what a truly adverse scenario could look like in our back pocket.
So what will drive the flow of assets into hedge funds in 2015? The same influences which drove growth in 2012 ($25 billion), 2013 ($62 billion) and 2014 ($112 billion); the desire from institutional investors to gain alternative exposures to traditional equity and fixed income markets in the face of rising equity market valuations, compressed spreads and low interest rates.
Entering 2014, we believed the redistribution of traditional long-only equity gains would manifest in equity hedge fund inflows, while the long run of large inflows into credit strategies would not be supported to the extent they had been during the prior two years. These forecasts generally went as expected in 2014, with equity-focused hedge funds receiving nearly $80 billion and credit strategies just over $36 billion, the latter accounting for slightly more than half its prior year inflow. In 2015, with verbiage from the US central bank indicating a possible rate increase, thereby requiring greater flexibility to successfully generate returns in fixed income universes, and equity returns expected to be below the pace of the last two year run, we expect these two segments to normalize with each other in terms of investor interest.
While there is a lot of institutional money to be redistributed away from US equity exposure, the current environment seems to favour portfolio policy shifts as well. While we expect the continuation of flows into equity focused strategies (event, activist, long/short), they will likely be to a lesser degree tha n 2014. Credit strategies are faced with their own set of difficult circumstances, primarily the string of negative returns produced to end 2014. Because of this, it is difficult to see a meaningful increase in the rate of flows over 2014 into the credit universe in the near term, with the exception perhaps being into distressed ($9 billion of inflow in 2014) and special situation funds where opportunities appear to be rising in certain market segments (US energy, Europe).
If equity and credit fund flows combined are less than 2014, and we believe flows will be within the range of 2013/2014 averages, then where else will money head? If traditional strategy flows for the last two years, along with a dominant trend in hedge fund inflows are a useful guide, then multi-strategy hedge funds appear to be headed for another good year in 2015. In the last two years, global balanced strategies have been investor favorites from traditional asset managers and multi-strategy hedge funds have had positive investor interest nearly every month of that span. The group's diversity makes them a natural preference for traditional dollars rotating into the hedge fund industry and allocations at the rate seen in 2014 will likely continue.
One big question mark remains about where assets will be distributed across the hedge fund industry in 2015; the fate of global macro and managed futures strategies. The two have faced persistent redemptions for each of the last two years, with negative sentiment enduring longer for managed futures funds. While the long-term trend has been positive for equity, credit and multi-strategy hedge funds, these two aforementioned segments, at the aggregate level, have not taken part in the growth enjoyed by their peers.
We know there is demand for global tactical allocation products offered by traditional managers from institutional investors, the closest traditional universe to global macro strategies. eVestment's Asset Flows shows institutional investors have allocated nearly $ 80 billion to GTAA products in the last two years, more than any other segment except global fixed income, and ahead of emerging markets and global equity. Producing industry leading returns in the final months of 2014, and entering 2015 with an elevated level of global economic/political uncertainty (which makes less correlated strategies more popular), should at least bring macro and managed futures funds into the conversation.
What is less in their favor is that systematic, derivatives-focused strategies are not a clear replacement for any traditional strategy, or market exposure for institutional investors. This is likely the primary reason the long-term trend of industry-wide inflows has not lifted the group in aggregate and will likely continue to weigh on these universes. A potential long-term outcome is that proven, institutional-quality operations in the managed futures space will maintain assets and likely enjoy greater capital raising success in 2015 than in recent years, while the remainder will fight for assets with many funds doomed to fail. In the end this will result in a stronger, if not more homogenized set of strategies that can then develop into a marketable universe to institutional investors.
Global macro strategies will likely endure a similar fate, but with less carnage along the way due to the existence of fewer mid-sized systematic strategies and a higher concentration of institutional quality firms. The universe of macro funds will likely see inflows sooner and in greater size than their managed futures peers in 2015, but will likely lag at the aggregate level behind credit, equity and multi-strategy funds.
The hedge fund industry is, barring the occurrence of an outlier event, well positioned for another year of solid growth. The roles of hedge funds, and the expectations of their results, have become better defined for institutional investors' portfolios. While there will always be investors for whom certain strategies do not fit within their scope or scale, the global institutional investment landscape dwarfs any one participant. With long-term trends in place and the future of global markets ever uncertain, hedge funds will continue to evolve into an institutional staple, with some casualties and great successes along the way.


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