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Healthcare Industry News: Navelbine
Biopharmaceuticals Oncology Licensing
News Release - May 8, 2006
Hana Biosciences Completes Licensing of Three Targeted Cancer Drug Candidates from Inex Pharmaceuticals
Hana Plans to Initiate Pivotal Trials for Marqibo® (vincristine sulfate) Liposomes Injection in Hematological Malignancies in 2006.
Sphingosome Encapsulated Vinorelbine Targeted to Start Clinical Trials in 2006, and Sphingosome Encapsulated Topotecan in 2007.
Proprietary Sphingosomal Platform Doubles Hana's Oncology Pipeline to Six Clinical Stage Drugs.
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.--(HSMN NewsFeed)--May 8, 2006--Hana Biosciences (NASDAQ:HNAB ), a biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing cancer care, completed its previously announced licensing transaction with Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation (TSX:IEX ). Under the terms of the transaction, Hana paid INEX a total of $11.5 million, consisting of cash and shares of Hana common stock. In addition, Hana will pay INEX up to $30.5 million in shares of Hana common stock, contingent upon achievement of specific clinical and regulatory milestones, as well as royalties on net sales. Canaccord Adams acted as the exclusive financial advisor to Hana in the transaction.
This licensing transaction doubled Hana's pipeline to six clinical-stage oncology compounds. The newly-licensed drug candidates are:
Marqibo® (vincristine sulfate) Liposomes Injection, a sphingosome encapsulated vinorelbine, which has shown promising results in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in completed and ongoing studies. After a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) is completed with the FDA, Hana expects to commence pivotal trials in Marqibo® in 2006.
Sphingosome encapsulated vinorelbine, for which a US Investigational New Drug (IND) application and Canadian Clinical Trials Application (CTA) have been accepted, is planned to enter clinical trials in 2006.
Sphingosome encapsulated topotecan, based on a unique formulation which has shown significantly enhanced activity in pre-clinical models, is planned to enter clinical trials in 2007.
The intellectual property covering the three product candidates is protected worldwide until 2020 by issued and pending patents.
"This transaction enhances Hana's portfolio of novel anticancer compounds, underscoring our patient-focused commitment to developing and commercializing innovative oncology therapies. We look forward to working with the FDA to obtain an SPA to initiate pivotal trials for Marqibo® in 2006. Meanwhile, our current clinical programs continue on schedule," said Mark Ahn, PhD, Hana's President and CEO.
Timothy M. Ruane, President and CEO of INEX, stated: "The team at Hana has a strong track record in oncology drug development, and we believe our targeted chemotherapy products are a perfect fit in their pipeline. We will support their efforts as they move Marqibo® towards commercialization and continue the development of sphingosomal vinorelbine and sphingosomal topotecan."
"Vincristine is a cornerstone of combination chemotherapy in lymphoproliferative diseases. We believe that by raising the dose of this drug we can improve its clinical activity. The increased dose and promising activity of sphingosomal vincristine in patients with NHL and ALL support moving this drug into registrational trials", said Dr. Hagop Kantarjian, MD, Professor and Chairman of the Leukemia Department at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
About Sphingosomal Targeted Drug Delivery
Sphingosomal encapsulation is a new generation liposomal drug delivery platform, which is designed to significantly increase tumor targeting and duration of exposure for cell cycle-specific anticancer agents. Sphingosomal drug delivery consists of encapsulating an already approved cancer agent in a lipid envelope. The encapsulated agent is carried through the bloodstream and delivered to disease sites where it is released to carry out its therapeutic action. When used in unencapsulated form, chemotherapeutic drugs diffuse indiscriminately throughout the body, diluting drug effectiveness and causing toxic side effects in the patient's healthy tissues. The proprietary sphingosomal formulation technology permits the loading of a high concentration of therapeutic agent inside the lipid envelope, promotes accumulation of the drug in tumors and prolongs the release of the drug at disease sites. As a result, compared to unencapsulated drugs, agents encapsulated in sphingosomes have been shown in preclinical models to deliver more of the therapeutic agent to a targeted disease site over a longer period of time, thus potentially increasing the efficacy of the drug without increasing the toxicity in healthy, non-targeted tissues. The possible advantages of sphingosomal drug delivery include:
Longer circulation time in plasma delivers more of the therapeutic agent to targeted tumor sites over a longer period of time. To stabilize the lipid bilayer walls and retain active drug within the aqueous interior, this new generation liposomal technology uses sphingomyelin, a safe, biologically inert macromolecule whose amide backbone is resistant to hydrolysis. The increased rigidity of the liposomal walls prolongs the circulating life of liposomes and significantly extends the duration of drug release.
Sphingosomal drugs like Marqibo® readily extravasate through the pores of leaky tumor vessels created during angiogenesis and readily accumulate within the tumor. In normal tissues, a continuous endothelial lining constrains liposomes within capillaries, preventing accumulation of the drug in the interstitial space. In contrast, the immature neovasculature within tumors is created during angiogenesis and has numerous imperfections, pores and discontinuities up to 800 nm in size. With an average diameter of approximately 100 nm, sphingosomes readily extravasate through these pores and accumulate within the tumor. Once lodged within the interstitial space, these resilient sphingosomes slowly release the encapsulated drug. Slow release of the drug from extravasated sphingosomes increases drug levels within the tumor, extends drug exposure through multiple cell cycles, and significantly enhances tumor cell killing. Vincristine kills tumor cells as they pass through a sensitive phase of cell division, but fewer than 5% of a patient's tumor cells are in this sensitive phase at any point in time. We believe that the duration of drug exposure is therefore critical to increased clinical activity.
Increased drug concentration at the tumor site is associated with increased clinical activity. The link between drug exposure and anti-tumor efficacy is especially pronounced for cell cycle-specific agents such as vincristine, vinorelbine and topotecan, which kill tumor cells by interfering with mitosis at a precise step during the cancer cell cycle. Thus, this proprietary sphingosomal drug delivery platform encapsulates approved anticancer agents within the aqueous interior of small liposomes to potentially enhance the therapeutic index of these existing anticancer treatments.
About Vincristine, Vinorelbine, and Topotecan
Sphingosomal products, such as Marqibo® (vincristine sulfate) Liposomes Injection, are loaded with active, cell cycle-specific anticancer agents that may benefit from increased targeting and long duration of drug exposure at the tumor site. Vincristine, vinorelbine and topotecan are approved cancer therapies which have been selected for sphingosomal formulation specifically for their ability to benefit from this novel encapsulation:
Vincristine (Oncovin®; Eli Lilly & Company), a microtubule inhibitor, is approved for ALL and is widely used as a single agent and in combination regimens for treatment for hematologic malignancies such as lymphomas and leukemias.
Vinorelbine (Navelbine®; GlaxoSmithKline), a microtubule inhibitor, is approved for use as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin for the first-line treatment of unresectable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Topotecan (Hycamtin®; GlaxoSmithKline), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is approved for use in relapsed small-cell lung cancer and in relapsed ovarian cancer.
About Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
NHL is a heterogeneous disease which results in approximately 50,000 new cases and almost 25,000 deaths annually in the United States. NHL usually originates in lymphoid tissues and can spread to other organs. The prognosis depends on the histologic type, stage, and treatment. The NHLs can be divided into 2 prognostic groups: indolent lymphomas and aggressive lymphomas. Indolent NHL types have a relatively good prognosis, with median survival as long as 10 years, but they usually are not curable in advanced clinical stages. The aggressive type of NHL has a shorter natural history, but a significant number of these patients can be cured with intensive combination chemotherapy regimens which include agents such as vincristine. With modern treatment, overall five-year survival of NHL patients is approximately 50% to 60%. Of patients with aggressive NHL, 30% to 60% can achieve durable remission. The vast majority of relapses occur in the first two years after therapy and new therapeutic options are needed.
ALL is a type of blood and bone marrow cancer -- the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. Acute leukemias progress rapidly and affect immature blood cells, rather than mature ones. Acute lymphocytic leukemia affects a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes, which fight infection. Normally, bone marrow produces immature cells (stem cells) in a controlled way, and they mature and specialize into the various types of blood cells, as needed. In people with ALL, this production process goes awry. Large numbers of immature, abnormal lymphocytes called lymphoblasts are produced and released into the bloodstream. These abnormal cells are not able to mature and perform their usual functions. Furthermore, they multiply rapidly and can crowd out healthy blood cells, leaving an adult or child with ALL vulnerable to infection or easy bleeding. Leukemic cells can also collect in certain areas of the body, including the central nervous system and spinal cord, which can cause serious problems. Almost 4,000 Americans are diagnosed with ALL each year. This form of cancer worsens quickly if not treated, but it usually responds well to initial treatment. Adults have a 20% to 40% cure rate, underscoring the need for new therapeutic options.
About Hana Biosciences, Inc.
Hana Biosciences, Inc. (NASDAQ:HNAB ) is a South San Francisco, CA-based biopharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, and commercializes innovative products to advance cancer care. The company is committed to creating value by building a world-class team, accelerating the development of lead product candidates, expanding its pipeline by being the alliance partner of choice, and nurturing a unique company culture. Additional information on Hana Biosciences can be found at www.hanabiosciences.com.
About Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation is a Canadian biopharmaceutical company developing and commercializing proprietary drugs and drug delivery systems to improve the treatment of cancer. Since 1996, INEX common shares have been trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "IEX". Additional information on Inex Pharmaceuticals can be found at www.inexpharm.com.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause Hana's actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results and expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as "anticipates," "expects," "plans," "believes," "intends," and similar words or phrases. These statements are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from these statements. Among other things, there can be no assurances that any of Hana's development efforts relating to its product candidates, including those licensed from INEX, will be successful. Other risks that may affect forward-looking information contained in this press release include the possibility of being unable to obtain regulatory approval of Hana's product candidates, the risk that the results of clinical trials may not support Hana's claims, Hana's reliance on third-party researchers to develop its product candidates, and its lack of experience in developing and commercializing pharmaceutical products. Additional risks are described in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Hana assumes no obligation to update these statements, except as required by law.
Source: Hana Biosciences
Search: Hana Biosciences
Search: Inex Pharmaceuticals
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Search: Vinorelbine


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High-Speed 360-Degree in 30-Seconds Scan of Rain Clouds to Improve Weather Forecasting Accuracy in Asia
Weathernews Begins Global Deployment of New Meteorological Radars for 3D Observation
~ First One to Be Installed in Hanoi, Vietnam, for Early Detection of Flood Risks and Issuance of Warnings ~
Hanoi Office >
Weathernews Inc. in cooperation with VNMHA, will initiate the overseas deployment of high-frequency compact meteorological radar EAGLE, the first of which is to be installed in Hanoi, Vietnam. Weathernews entered into an agreement on provision of a radar to the Vietnam Meteorological Hydrological Administration on April 27. The first radar is scheduled for installation in Hanoi and commencement of operation by July 2022.
The EAGLE radar is a new meteorological radar that performs 3D observation of 50-km periphery in 30 seconds. The radar enables near real-time tracking of the development of cumulonimbus clouds within a 50-km radius, making it possible to capture severe rainstorms, wind gusts, hail, and other localized weather events with greater accuracy.
Weathernews and VNMHA will improve the accuracy of weather forecasts by installing an EAGLE radar in Hanoi to realize higher-resolution observations. Efforts will be made to enhance resilience, using the observation data as reference information for the early detection of flood risks and decision-making regarding the issuance of warnings. Observation data from the radar is also expected to be used in connection with railways, roads, airports, and other transportation infrastructures.
Weathernews will continue to install radars and strengthen weather monitoring systems for disaster risk reduction in Asian regions, where there is insufficient observation data.
Chihito Kusabiraki, Weathernews' CEO (left) and Dr. Hoang Duc Cuong,Vice Administrator of The Vietnam Meteorological Hydrological Administration (right)
New Compact Meteorological Radar to Be Installed in Vietnam for Enhancement of Resilience
Weathernews and VNMHA entered into a strategic partnership in 2015 and have been undertaking various efforts to enhance urban resilience, including the sharing of meteorological data and installation of observation infrastructures. Vietnam is prone to tropical cyclones and tend to be affected by typhoons that develop over waters to the east of the Philippines. As a result, floods occur yearly in Vietnam, significantly impacting the lives of the its people as well as its socioeconomics.
Given this situation, Weathernews works together with VNMHA to install and commence the operation of an EAGLE radar in Hanoi through an international cooperation program of the World Meteorological Organization and cooperation with Japan Meteorological Agency. The new radar will enable higher-resolution observation, making it possible to capture severe rainstorms and other localized weather events with greater accuracy. The Vietnam Meteorological Hydrological Administration will use the radar for the early detection of flood risks and for the improvement of prediction accuracy.
Observation data from the radar can also be made available to businesses and are expected to be utilized by the railroad, expressway, and airline industries.
Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration Vice Administrator Dr. Hoang Duc Cuong
"Currently, Vietnam's existing weather radar system cover the whole country. However, the terrain of Vietnam is complicated and there are mountainous areas, so it is difficult to detect local short-term heavy rain. The introduction of EAGLE radar will be a great support in detecting, monitoring, observing, and issuing warnings for clouds that cause localized heavy rainfall. Along with the radar equipment, we hope for Weathernews's continued support in sharing the know-how, in utilization and operation of the EAGLE radar in Vietnam. We hope that the cooperation between Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration and Weathernews Inc. will further develop in order to contribute to the reduction of disaster risk and sustainable economic development."
Weathernews Inc. CEO Chihito Kusabiraki
"Enhancement of the cooperative relationship with the Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration is extremely important for the global expansion strategy of Weathernews, particularly the technical cooperation such as radar and the development of new meteorological markets. In addition, since this initiative of private-public partnership in observation infrastructure is the first attempt in the global meteorological industry, it is also drawing WMO's attention. From that point of view, I definitely hope for the success of this project. And above all, I hope that the EAGLE radar will help Vietnamese people's lives and economic activities as much as possible by reducing the risk of natural disasters."
EAGLE Radar, the high-frequency compact weather radar
Eagle Radar, the high-frequency compact weather radar, for 3D Observation of 50-km Periphery in 30 Seconds
Weathernews has been working on the development of the EAGLE radar that is new high-frequency compact meteorological radar in collaboration with the University of Oklahoma since 2014.
This WNI-proprietary radar , through 360-degrees high-speed scanning, enables near real-time spatial observation of the size of rain drops and the direction in which the clouds are moving. The radar completes a rotation in a minimum of five seconds , quickly obtaining detailed three-dimensional data over a 50 km radius in 30 seconds. The achievement of high-speed observation will render it possible to capture guerilla thunderstorms, linear precipitation zones, heavy snow, wind gusts, hail, and other sudden, localized weather events.
We will be installing the radars in a total of 50 locations throughout Asia within the next two years under the current plan.
◇Field Test Initiated of New Radar for 3D Observation of 50-km Periphery in 30 Seconds to Reinforce Monitoring of Weather Events in Japan and Asia(Nov 24, 2021)
◇Weathernews, OU and Nanowave Technologies Announce Research Collaboration(Jun 22, 2017)
Click here to download PDF

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Removing a Condominium Owner Navigating a Delicate Legal Process
By A.J. Sidransky 2019 October Board Operations
Unlike in a co-op, wherein residents own shares in a corporation entitling them to occupy their apartment – and in which the co-op board is pretty much the final authority over how the community is run – condos and HOAs are considered 'real property,' more like freestanding homes. Therefore, 'evicting' a condo owner from a unit and effectively wiping out his or her equity position as a member of the condominium association is a difficult undertaking, subject to very narrow legal interpretation.
Points of law on this subject are consistent from state to state, with only slight variations. The important distinctions relate to whether the person being removed is the owner of the unit in question, or the owner's rental tenant. In both cases, laws are consistent on the most basic matters. Some states' statutes have slightly differing approaches and nuances that we will explore later in this article.
Removing a Condo Owner
While a co-op shareholder could theoretically be evicted from his or her unit for issues not having to do with money (examples include constant frivolous litigation and an ongoing pattern of harassment toward neighbors), the same is virtually impossible in a condo setting. As mentioned above, condominiums are pure real estate – not shares in a corporate entity. As a matter of fact, from a legal standpoint, the word eviction really shouldn't be used in the context of removing a condo owner, though it can be applied to removing a tenant from a condominium unit—a point we will return to later. The closest we can come to a legally recognizable term for this type of action in a condo or HOA is removal of an owner.
Michael Kim, Principal of the law firm Michael C. Kim & Associates in Chicago, explains that unlike any other state in the nation, Illinois law does in fact provide for the eviction of condominium owners. "In Illinois, we have a unique remedy for eviction and collection of unpaid monetary obligations," he says. "It is primarily for uncollected monthly assessments, but could also include fines and charges of other kinds that the owner has failed to pay. In most jurisdictions, you cannot get someone out with an eviction case. You have to go through a lien foreclosure. In Illinois, we do have that remedy as well, but we use it sparingly."
Kim goes on to explain that the eviction does not transfer title for the property; it merely transfers possession. The statute was challenged in court many years ago, but was upheld and found to be constitutional. It's similar to a landlord-tenant eviction remedy, but has distinct procedures. When an owner is evicted under the statute, there is a 60-day stay issued during which the owner can cure the offense by bringing his or her accounts current. If the owner is willing and able to do that, then the eviction order is vacated. If not, the owner is evicted from the premises. This procedure can be used to collect unpaid fines as well. Once the condominium association has taken the unit, the association can lease the unit out and collect rent from it. If the unit is already leased out and the tenant is desirable, the association can choose to let the tenant remain and take an assignment of the rent it is paying.
A Complex Legal Process
Managing Mental Health Issues
Addressing Residents With Sensitivity
When Residents Are Disruptive
Tips for Keeping the Peace


Discussion in 'iPhone and iPad Games' started by TouchArcade Bot, Sep 30, 2015.
Dodge the bullets, shoot the enemies, defeat the bosses! Take to the skies for an endless-arcade shooter that is fast, furious and formidable! Collect over 200 daring pilots over 20 different terrains. Change the intensity from Scouty to Screamy, if you dare! Earn a multitude of achievements Challenging daily missions Guns! Missiles! Badgers! Get flying now!
Way better than CR, imo. Very fun.
Way better than CR, imp. Very fun.
Agreed so far. I'm just a bit confused. Why is the developer not shown as hipster whale? What did a bunch of them leave and make their own company? Just like with land sliders too?
Really, really polished. Doesn't even feel like a FTP - more like a bullet hell shooter, since it starts intensely immediately. There's even a second control mechanism of not moving to charge a power shot. On the other hand the monetization will probably work really well, since there's a real incentive to continue (use coins or watch a video), as there's actual variety to the enemies and their patterns.
And nope. I spent coins on a weapon and it expires in 2 hours? That pisses me off.
Disappointing. I won't be watching any ads nor spending a dime. No way.
Who the hell are <Mighty Games>?!
Heya, this is Matt from Hipster Whale.
So Mighty Games was formed a little while back now by me, Ben Britten and Matt Ditton. More recently Andy joined the fold as the 4th director. We also have a bunch of lovely people working for us too, so it's not really just "Hipster Whale" on this one. Hope that clears things up a bit!
Oh and, here's the Shooty Skies trailer!
There's a second progression metric besides coins, which AFAIK behave exactly like coins in Crossy Road. It's more of a playtime meter that opens a mystery box when filled. I've received both a consumable buff and coins from the box.
[Edit] Okay, now I see the menu for purchasing buffs. There's no indication that they are not permanent either. That said, the first two are available through ads. Maybe the third too (the one I got from the mystery box). The other two are 1.5x and 2x the cost of a new character, so I assume they are beefy. So in the end I think they're fair, but there should be some text that says how long they last (maybe they're all 2 hours like the 2 I currently have).
?'z ^ witcha m'Lord Matt. Great Shooty Up so far. I'm having fun with it. I like the Charge Special. #Congratulations to you & your Mighty Games Team on your new release# i would like to know if you would implement Everyplay, Kamcord or ReplayKit?
Sweet! Downloading now. I saw this on Twitter not too long ago and was pleasantly surprised to see it at the top of the hot games section when I opened the TA app. Gotta go to bed now but can't wait to load it up in the AM!
Hi it's Tim from Mighty.
Love the feedback and thoughts. We wanted to make sure there was a bit of something for everyone. If you like to hold onto your coins to unlock our characters you can get some bonus goodies through playing and racking up points, but if you want to spend some coins on a boost to jump in a little hotter, you can do that too.
Hope you're enjoying your time in the Skies.
That's ridiculous. It takes about 1.5 minutes to earn 200 coins, and you unlock a weapon that quadruples your power for 2 hours. How is that bad? You think you should play for 90 seconds and unlock the best weapon in the game for use forever? That's good game balancing?
This game is fantastic in my brief time with it. I really enjoy this - much better than Crossy Road.
Very fun undeed. Really loving this game however i wish it had Relative Touch controls instead of a high-speed Touch-Follow. 90% of my deaths are caused by the ship moving towards my finger behind it when i intend to move forward instead to avoid a bullet underneath the ship.
The problem is that i am accustomed to having my finger in other shmups about 3/4ths of an inch behind the ship's hit-spot on the ipad air. And here the ship locks itself to about half an inch (maybe less) on the ipad air. So when i touch the spot to where im accustomed at, the ship unnecessarily moves downward first. With the mechanics of the power shot that requires you to lift the finger, it just causes almost all of my game overs.
Nice surprise, wasn't expecting this until tomorrow night!
Great game so far, I hope it has enough variety to keep me coming back!
Not ridiculous. What I'm trying to say is it doesn't say it anywhere. So I got disappointed. Is the game fun? Heck yea. Is it worth the $5 purchase. I most likely will. I prefer to spend money in games I enjoy. But that's not the issue.
Also my other issue is I looked in the options and I don't see anywhere to activate relative touch controls or atleast a slider for the distance the character is from the finger touch point. Hopefully that can be addressed as well.
So much fun so far. Hate the pay to continue screen, even though you can tap to speed through it. I agree about the controls feeling a bit laggy, but it's something I got used to just fine after a half hour or so.
A slider sounds like a good idea. We'll have a play with it.
Really enjoying it. My only complaint is that it's sometimes difficult to see those yellow enemy shots when there are a lot of explosions going on. Also, it's not super clear where and how large the hitbox is for your ship. I'm assuming it's basically where the glowing blue charge shot is.
While relative touch would be ideal, the current controls are responsive enough that I'm not turned away.
Wow! I really love this game. I downloaded it and could not stop playing for a whole hour! It's just a very fun, casual take of the shmup-type genre. Favorite one in a while.


mid-century modern designs meet bohemian influences in the kahelo collection. each piece is hand-woven of 100% polyester, offering long-lasting durability for even the most high-traffic rooms in your home.
clean spills immediately by blotting with a clean sponge or cloth. rinse with water from garden hose. lift off ground to dry thoroughly. rug pad recommended for carpet & hard surfaces both indoors & outdoors. for vacuuming, use a vacuum cleaner without beater bar or one where you can set the bar to the highest pile setting. if your vacuum has variable power settings, set on low. vacuum full length of the rug, turn & repeat to the next area, rather than back and forth motion.
such a cute little pink rug!


Trinity College Dublin, located in Dublin's city centre, is Ireland's leading university offering bachelor's and master's degree programs through its 24 schools and three faculties of Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences; Engineering, Maths & Science; and Health Sciences. Trinity College Dublin also offers a postgraduate diploma in accounting which is fully accredited by ACCA, Chartered Accountants Ireland and CIMA.
Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin was established by a royal charter in 1592 during a time in Western Europe when the existence of a university was thought to increase the prestige of a state. Trinity College was the first, (and still is) the only college of the University of Dublin, which makes these two names synonymous with each other.
Today, Trinity is Ireland's highest ranking university. It has around 17,000 students, a 51-acre campus with a large number of buildings with historic architecture and state-of-the-art modern facilities. Trinity College Dublin has created and developled one of Europe's most sought-after undergraduate and postgraduate business programmes. The University has produced many world famous names like writers, Oscar Wilde and Samuel Beckett (Nobel laureate); scientists, William Rowan Hamilton and Ernest Walton (Nobel laureate); political thinker Edmund Burke' and the former President of Ireland and UNHCR, Mary Robinson. Trinity College Dublin houses a Centre for Innovation(CSI) which operates as a cross campus and cross community research and development facility aimed to create a space that fosters social innovation and social entrepreneurial action.
The aim of this course is to equip in-service teachers with the requisite knowledge, skills and competence to support the development of an innovative learning culture within schools, that is team-based, technology mediated, project-focused and cross curricular. The course modules aim to enhance the expertise of participant teachers in new models of teaching and learning with particular emphasis on Science Technology Engineering Maths/Computer Science. They also aim to address complex challenges related to developing an inclusive educational environment and preparing all school students for higher academic aspiration and progression, through a focus on whole school culture, leadership and change. It is intended that participant teachers will learn how to develop and lead a 'cultural change process' within the classroom and the wider school community.
A central element of the course is a module in research methods that explores the principal sources and methodologies applicable to advanced study in the history of art. In addition, students choose four electives that offer detailed engagement with particular periods and media. These modules cover subjects such as: Medieval Monastic Ireland; Interpreting Ireland's Built Heritage; Ireland and France, 1800–2000; Religious Art in Ireland; Themes and Agendas in Modern and Contemporary Irish Art; and Medieval Manuscripts in Irish Collections. The taught modules prepare students to undertake a substantial research dissertation of 15,000–20,000 words on a selected subject under the supervision of a member of staff.
Chinese Studies is a multidisciplinary field of study, drawing upon and integrating disciplines such as History, Linguistics, Politics, Social Policy, Cultural Studies and Translation Studies. The course focuses on China today and China over the last century. This course offers a unique and vibrant educational experience which equips its students to be global citizens. The M.Phil. programme offers the opportunity to engage with key aspects of contemporary China, including its political and economic landscape, modern history, society, popular culture and language. Given China's economic impact and international reach, this course equips its graduates to engage deeply with contemporary China. The multidisciplinary nature of the course can accommodate students from a wide range of backgrounds.
The Postgraduate diploma in CHSE offers suitably qualified health care practitioners an opportunity to develop their skills in teaching, assessment, curriculum design, development, evaluation and research. The student teachers on this course learn these skills in both stimulated and professional practice contexts which are underpinned by the philosophy of interdisciplinary learning. This results in teachers who are thoughtful, critical and more importantly prepared for the challenges of teaching within higher education. Students are required to maintain a portfolio throughout the course and are required to complete 100 hours of teaching practice (80 hours classroom teaching and 20 hours clinical teaching).
Cognitive therapy is a collaborative, structured approach to helping individuals with psychological difficulties. It views key beliefs and assumptions which an individual holds as being pivotal to maintaining their distress and rendering them vulnerable to recurring difficulties. The course offers post-qualification training in the theory and practice of cognitive psychotherapy, as applied in a variety of mental health settings. Competence is developed through a combination of weekly clinical supervision, lectures, workshops and written assignments. Assessment is based on the submission of case studies and theoretical reviews, oral presentations and standardised rating of therapy sessions. Prospective candidates may pursue the option of a one year part-time (every Friday over three terms) postgraduate diploma course in cognitive therapy. Emphasis will be on helping participants gain clinical competence in utilising this approach in hospital-based and community-based health care settings. The course substantially contributes to academic and theoretical requirements for accreditation as a cognitive therapist and provides the opportunity to engage in introductory supervised clinical casework. Students would be required to complete further supervised clinical work to meet the clinical requirements for accreditation.
This one-year postgraduate course interests those, in both the public and private sectors, who are involved in conflict analysis, management and resolution and who wish to study mediation and other non-adversarial dispute and conflict resolution processes (ADRs). The course aims at achieving standards of best practice for those who recognise the value of alternative dispute resolution processes in resolving commercial, community, workplace, international and other disputes and in minimising the damage caused by conflict. Those who complete the course will have a deep understanding of the causes and nature of conflict, the various conflict resolution processes available and how to apply them. CDRS is an accredited training programme with Mediators' Institute of Ireland. Successful completion of an optional MII Mediation Roleplay Competency Assessment at the end of the CDRS programme will allow students to apply for Certified Mediation status with the Mediators' Institute of Ireland.
The Postgraduate Diploma in Medicine is offered to EU and non-EU medical graduates in training who wish to develop their research skills, broaden their research in-terests, and develop advanced knowledge in selected areas of clinical and scientific practice.
This programme aims to provide participants with an in-depth understanding of the emerging field of molecular medicine, which draws together developments in molecular and cellular biology to describe disease processes at a functional level - that is, at the level of molecular interactions. The Diploma in Molecular Medicine is designed to make available a high quality course to those individuals who cannot avail of a full-time programme, due to the high demands it makes on a candidate's time. The diploma may therefore be an attractive option for, among others, people working in business, clinical industry, or other disciplines, who wish to gain a comprehensive knowledge in this area with a view to progressing professionally, or going on to do a higher degree.
This course is intended to provide graduates in related disciplines with a solid grounding in Old Irish language and literature. Applications are normally accepted only from persons with a good honors degree in a cognate subject such as Modern Irish or another Celtic language, medieval languages, literature or history, archaeology.
Trinity College Dublin's postgraduate diploma in accounting helps students fast-track their their career in accountancy and provides significant exemptions from the examinations of professional accountancy bodies.


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Avoid accidents while cooking on the hob, as all of the gas burners feature flame safety devices which cut the gas supply when an extinguished flame is detected. This helps to prevent potential gas leaks.
Plus, you can avoid burns and spills with the front facing control dials, as you won't have to place your hands over your hot pots and pans.
There's no need for scrubbing and expensive chemicals. The easy clean enamel oven liners make keeping your New World 50GSO 50 cm Gas Cooker clean simple, so all you have to do is wipe away any mess and debris with a damp cloth.
You can prepare deliciously crispy fish and meat under the gas powered variable grill, giving you a healthy way to prepare dinner.
The gas powered oven cavity is also ideal for conventional roasting across multiple shelves. As natural convection allows hot air to rise, you can place your meats on the top level and keep more delicate items such as vegetables and desserts at a lower level for ideal cooking temperatures throughout.
The gas hobs allow better heat control than electric hobs, perfect for precision cooking.
Cheap, easy to use, does the job.
Basic features, but easy to use.
Gas marks do not match universal settings.
I.e. 180 c = gas mark 4 in every other oven, but = gas mark 2 in this ovens little world.


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text:
M. Tyus Butler Jr.
mtbutler@bouhan.com
Ty Butler is a partner with Bouhan Falligant and has practiced extensively in the areas of labor relations and employment law and bankruptcy since 1974. He has represented employers and management in the public and private sectors before the National Labor Relations Board, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, U. S. Department of Labor, Wage & Hour Division, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Immigration & Naturalization Service, the Employment Security Agency of the Georgia Department of Labor, as well as in federal and state trial and appellate courts. His practice has included all aspects of employment law such as advising and representing employers in labor relations and collective bargaining, employee grievance, arbitration, federal and state administrative proceedings, hiring and personnel policies, practices and procedures, as well as employment discipline, termination and other litigation. In the bankruptcy area, Butler has represented creditors and corporate debtors in Chapter 11 reorganization cases in the United States Bankruptcy Courts for the Southern District of Georgia and other Georgia districts, as well as in the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York and the District of Delaware.
Butler is a member of the Labor and Employment Law and Bankruptcy Law Sections of the State Bar of Georgia. He serves as a designated Management member of the American Bar Association's Labor and Employment Law Section and serves on that Section's Committee on Practice and Procedure under the National Labor Relations Act and the Committee on Regional Practice – Region III (South). He is a member of the Federal Bar Association's Labor Law & Labor Relations Section, and that Section's Committees on Labor Arbitration, Equal Employment Opportunity, and Collective Bargaining. In addition, Butler is a member of the American Employment Law Council, the Georgia Employment Law Center, the Industrial Relations Research Association, and the Savannah Chapter of the Society for Human Resource Management. Butler has also served as Chairman of the Bankruptcy Committee of the Savannah Bar Association and is a graduate of Leadership Savannah. Currently, he is a member of the Workforce Development Committee and the Legislative Steering Committee of the Legislative Action Council of the Savannah Area Chamber of Commerce.
A graduate of the University of Georgia, Butler earned an A.B. in economics with a concentration in labor economics, in 1970. He received his J.D., cum laude, from the Walter F. George School of Law, Mercer University, in 1974. While in Law School, Butler was lead articles editor of the Mercer Law Review, director of the Legal Writing Program, and a member of the Brainerd Currie Legal Honor Society. Butler was also the recipient of several American Jurisprudence Awards, the George B. Connell Scholarship Award, and was selected by Phi Delta Phi Legal Fraternity as its Outstanding Graduate of 1974. In addition, the faculty of the Law School chose him for inclusion in Who's Who in American Universities. He serves as the Chancellor for St. John's Episcopal Church.
Education & recognition
University of Georgia, A.B.
Mercer University School of Law, J.D., Cum Laude
Admitted to practice: Georgia
Georgia Trend Magazine Legal Elite
Activities & affiliations
Member: State Bar of Georgia; American Bar Association; Federal Bar Association; Savannah Bar Association; Bankruptcy Law Section, State Bar of Georgia; Labor and Employment Section, State Bar of Georgia
American Employment Law Council; Georgia Employment Law Center; Industrial Relations Research Association; Society for Human Resource Management
Savannah Chamber of Commerce
& recognition
& affiliations
Overview print to pdf
Education & recognition print to pdf
Activities & affiliations print to pdf
Publications & presentations print to pdf


text:
Уилла Фицджералд (; род. 17 января 1991) — американская актриса. Известна по ролям Эммы Дювал в телесериале «Крик», Колетт Френч в телесериале «Как ты смеешь» и Роско Конклин в телесериале «Ричер».

Биография
Изучала психологию на протяжении трёх лет, после чего получила степень бакалавра театральных наук в Йельском университете

С 2013 по 2014 год снималась в телесериале Amazon «». В 2014 году снялась в сериале USA Network «Дорогой доктор» в роли Эммы Миллер. С 2014 по 2015 год исполняла эпизодические роли в сериалах «Голубая кровь», «Последователи» и «Готэм».

В августе 2014 года была включена в основной актёрский состав телесериала «Крик» производства MTV.

Помимо съёмок на телевидении Фицджералд также исполняла роли в театре, включая роли в спектактях Couple in the Kitchen, The Private Sector, Cow Play и The Cat and the Canary.

В августе 2016 года вошла в актёрский состав фильма «Неприятность» (), который вышел в октябре 2017 года под названием «».

В июле 2017 года Фицджералд была утверждена на роль Мег в мини-сериале BBC «», основанном на одноимённом романе Луизы Мэй Олкотт. Его премьера состоялась 26 декабря 2017 года.

В 2018 году снялась в двух финальных эпизодах телесериала «Карточный домик» от Netflix, сыграв молодую Клэр Андервуд.

В июле 2018 года Уилла была утверждена на одну из ведущих ролей в телесериале USA Network «». 30 апреля 2020 года сериал был отменён после одного сезона.

В марте 2021 года Фицджералд была утверждена на роль офицера Роско Конклин в первом сезоне телесериала Amazon Prime Video «Ричер».

В январе 2022 года присоединилась к актёрскому составу мини-сериала Майка Флэнагана «Падение дома Ашеров».

Фильмография

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники Йельского университета

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Licensing, legislative or certification requirements may apply to this unit and relevant state/territory and local government agencies should be consulted to determine any necessary certification or licensing for undertaking interior decoration and design work. Access to construction sites requires certification of general induction training specified by the National Code of Practice for Induction for Construction Work (ASCC 2007).
Refer to the elements and this unit.
This unit requires established knowledge & skills from specialised design units in your foundation year of study.
The student learning experience will be facilitated by participation in the following activities.
Some activites will include a self-directed learning approach, self directed learning refers to organised activities that students undertake independently, either as individuals or with other students that are supervised by a teacher. This may include workplace research, library assignments field trips and work placements.
This course is delivered and assessed in conjunction with BSBDES502A Establish a Design Brief which focuses on the skills and knowledge required to work pro-actively with a client or commissioning organisation to develop and negotiate a design brief.
Curtis, Eleanor, Hotel: interior structures, 2001, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
RMIT will provide you with resources and tools for learning in this course through our online systems and access to specialised facilities and relevant software.
Assessment for this course will be project based.
Assessment tasks in this course are either formative or summative. Formative tasks provide the basis for ongoing feedback and can be considered essential building blocks for the more substantial summative assessment tasks. Summative assessment tasks in this course are graded.
Feedback throughout the course may be written, verbal or a combination of both.
To demonstrate competency in this course you need to complete each one of the following pieces of assessment to a satisfactory standard.
Oral presentation of final design concept including Presentation Boards showing proposed plans, elevations, perspective drawings and selected FF&E and materials.
Documentation to include site plan, elevations, sections, details and Schedules. Project File to include Budget, Programme Schedule, Contracts and Client communications.
The major learning experience involves studio based exercises, demonstration and production. It is strongly advised that you attend all sessions in order to engage in the required learning activities, ensuring the maximum opportunity to gain the competency.
Feedback - You will receive verbal and written feedback by teacher on your work. This feedback also includes suggestions on how you can proceed to the next stage of developing your projects.


text:
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/person.jsf?pid=authority-person:62766
Wang, Chao orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-8045
Wang, C., Iashchishyn, I., Kara, J., Fodera, V., Vetri, V., Sancataldo, G., . . . Morozova-Roche, L. (2019). Proinflammatory and amyloidogenic S100A9 induced by traumatic brain injury in mouse model. Neuroscience Letters, 699, 199-205
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Proinflammatory and amyloidogenic S100A9 induced by traumatic brain injury in mouse model
Wang, Chao
Iashchishyn, Igor
Kara, John
Fodera, Vito
Vetri, Valeria
Sancataldo, Giuseppe
Marklund, Niklas
Morozova-Roche, Ludmilla
2019 (English)In: Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, E-ISSN 1872-7972, Vol. 699, p. 199-205Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade occurring during primary and secondary TBI events can serve as a mechanistic link between TBI and Alzheimer's as demonstrated recently in the human brain tissues. Here by using immunohistochemistry in the controlled cortical impact TBI mouse model we have found pro-inflammatory S100A9 in the brain tissues of all mice on the first and third post- TBI days, while 70% of mice did not show any S100A9 presence on seventh post-TBI day similar to controls. This indicates that defensive mechanisms effectively cleared S100A9 in these mouse brain tissues during post-TBI recovery. By using sequential immunohistochemistry we have shown that S100A9 was produced by both neuronal and microglial cells. However, A beta peptide deposits characteristic for Alzheimer's disease were not detected in any post-TBI animals. On the first and third post-TBI days S100A9 was found to aggregate intracellularly into amyloid oligomers, similar to what was previously observed in human TBI tissues. Complementary, by using Rayleigh scatting, intrinsic fluorescence and atomic force microscopy we demonstrated that in vitro S100A9 self- assembles into amyloid oligomers within minutes. Its amyloid aggregation is highly dependent on changes of environmental conditions such as variation of calcium levels, pH, temperature and reduction/oxidation, which might be relevant to perturbation of cellular and tissues homeostasis under TBI. Present results demonstrate that S100A9 induction mechanisms in TBI are similar in mice and humans, emphasizing that S100A9 is an important marker of brain injury and therefore can be a potential therapeutic target.
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2019
Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid, Neuroinflammation, Oligomerization, S100A9, Traumatic brain injury
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158949 (URN)10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.012 (DOI)000465055200032 ()30753908 (PubMedID)
Horvath, I., Iashchishyn, I., Moskalenko, R. A., Wang, C., Warmlander, S. K. T., Wallin, C., . . . Morozova-Roche, L. (2018). Co-aggregation of pro-inflammatory S100A9 with alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: ex vivo and in vitro studies. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 15, Article ID 172.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Co-aggregation of pro-inflammatory S100A9 with alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: ex vivo and in vitro studies
Horvath, Istvan
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine.
Moskalenko, Roman A.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. 3 Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine.
Warmlander, Sebastian K. T. S.
Wallin, Cecilia
Graslund, Astrid
Kovacs, Gabor G.
2018 (English)In: Journal of Neuroinflammation, ISSN 1742-2094, E-ISSN 1742-2094, Vol. 15, article id 172Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Background: Chronic neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology, associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors in PD brain tissues. The pro-inflammatory mediator and highly amyloidogenic protein S100A9 is involved in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in Alzheimer's disease. This is the first report on the co-aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) and S100A9 both in vitro and ex vivo in PD brain.
Methods: Single and sequential immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, scanning electron and atomic force (AFM) microscopies were used to analyze the ex vivo PD brain tissues for S100A9 and alpha-syn location and aggregation. In vitro studies revealing S100A9 and alpha-syn interaction and co-aggregation were conducted by NMR, circular dichroism, Thioflavin-T fluorescence, AFM, and surface plasmon resonance methods.
Results: Co-localized and co-aggregated S100A9 and alpha-syn were found in 20% Lewy bodies and 77% neuronal cells in the substantia nigra; both proteins were also observed in Lewy bodies in PD frontal lobe (Braak stages 4-6). Lewy bodies were characterized by ca. 10-23 mu m outer diameter, with S100A9 and alpha-syn being co-localized in the same lamellar structures. S100A9 was also detected in neurons and blood vessels of the aged patients without PD, but in much lesser extent. In vitro S100A9 and alpha-syn were shown to interact with each other via the alpha-syn C-terminus with an apparent dissociation constant of ca. 5 mu M. Their co-aggregation occurred significantly faster and led to formation of larger amyloid aggregates than the self-assembly of individual proteins. S100A9 amyloid oligomers were more toxic than those of alpha-syn, while co-aggregation of both proteins mitigated the cytotoxicity of S100A9 oligomers.
Conclusions: We suggest that sustained neuroinflammation promoting the spread of amyloidogenic S100A9 in the brain tissues may trigger the amyloid cascade involving alpha-syn and S100A9 and leading to PD, similar to the effect of S100A9 and A beta co-aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. The finding of S100A9 involvement in PD may open a new avenue for therapeutic interventions targeting S100A9 and preventing its amyloid self-assembly in affected brain tissues.
BioMed Central, 2018
S100A9, alpha-Synuclein, Parkinson's disease, Neuroinflammation, Amyloid, Cytotoxicity
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150174 (URN)10.1186/s12974-018-1210-9 (DOI)000434209800001 ()29866153 (PubMedID)
Västerbotten County Council, ALFVLL-369861Swedish Research Council, 2014-3241The Swedish Brain Foundation
Iashchishyn, I. A., Gruden, M. A., Moskalenko, R. A., Davydova, T. V., Wang, C., Sewell, R. D. E. & Morozova-Roche, L. A. (2018). Intranasally Administered S100A9 Amyloids Induced Cellular Stress, Amyloid Seeding, and Behavioral Impairment in Aged Mice. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 9(6), 1338-1348
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intranasally Administered S100A9 Amyloids Induced Cellular Stress, Amyloid Seeding, and Behavioral Impairment in Aged Mice
Iashchishyn, Igor A.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
Gruden, Marina A.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine .
Davydova, Tatiana, V
Sewell, Robert D. E.
Morozova-Roche, Ludmilla A.
2018 (English)In: ACS Chemical Neuroscience, ISSN 1948-7193, E-ISSN 1948-7193, Vol. 9, no 6, p. 1338-1348Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Amyloid formation and neuroinflammation are major features of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Proinflammatory mediator S100A9 was shown to act as a link between the amyloid and neuroinflammatory cascades in Alzheimer's disease, leading together with Aβ to plaque formation, neuronal loss and memory impairment. In order to examine if S100A9 alone in its native and amyloid states can induce neuronal stress and memory impairment, we have administered S100A9 species intranasally to aged mice. Single and sequential immunohistochemistry and passive avoidance behavioral test were conducted to evaluate the consequences. Administered S100A9 species induced widespread cellular stress responses in cerebral structures, including frontal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum. These were manifested by increased levels of S100A9, Box, and to a lesser extent activated caspase-3 immunopositive cells. Upon administration of S100A9 fibrils, the amyloid oligomerization was observed in the brain tissues, which can further exacerbate cellular stress. The cellular stress responses correlated with significantly increased training and decreased retention latencies measured in the passive avoidance test for the SI00A9 treated animal groups. Remarkably, the effect size in the behavioral tests was moderate already in the group treated with native S100A9, while the effect sizes were large in the groups administered S100A9 amyloid oligomers or fibrils. The findings demonstrate the brain susceptibility to neurotoxic damage of S100A9 species leading to behavioral and memory impairments. Intranasal administration of S100A9 species proved to be an effective method to study amyloid induced brain dysfunctions, and 5100A9 itself may be postulated as a target to allay early stage neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes.
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2018
Aged mice, amyloid, apoptosis, BAX, activated caspase-3, cellular stress, learning and memory, neuroinflammation, S100A9
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150871 (URN)10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00512 (DOI)000436211800016 ()29618200 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85048764488 (Scopus ID)
Wang, C., Iashchishyn, I., Pansieri, J., Nyström, S., Klementieva, O., Kara, J., . . . Morozova-Roche, L. (2018). S100A9-Driven Amyloid-Neuroinflammatory Cascade in Traumatic Brain Injury as a Precursor State for Alzheimer's Disease. Scientific Reports, 8, Article ID 12836.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>S100A9-Driven Amyloid-Neuroinflammatory Cascade in Traumatic Brain Injury as a Precursor State for Alzheimer's Disease
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40000, Ukraine.
Pansieri, Jonathan
Nyström, Sofie
Klementieva, Oxana
Moskalenko, Roman
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40000, Ukraine.
Rofougaran, Reza
Gouras, Gunnar
Shankar, S. K.
2018 (English)In: Scientific Reports, ISSN 2045-2322, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 12836Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic S100A9 protein is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is viewed as a precursor state for AD. Here we have shown that S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade was initiated in TBI and may serve as a mechanistic link between TBI and AD. By analyzing the TBI and AD human brain tissues, we demonstrated that in post-TBI tissues S100A9, produced by neurons and microglia, becomes drastically abundant compared to A beta and contributes to both precursor-plaque formation and intracellular amyloid oligomerization. Conditions implicated in TBI, such as elevated S100A9 concentration, acidification and fever, provide strong positive feedback for S100A9 nucleation-dependent amyloid formation and delay in its proteinase clearance. Consequently, both intracellular and extracellular S100A9 oligomerization correlated with TBI secondary neuronal loss. Common morphology of TBI and AD plaques indicated their similar initiation around multiple aggregation centers. Importantly, in AD and TBI we found S100A9 plaques without A beta. S100A9 and A beta plaque pathology was significantly advanced in AD cases with TBI history at earlier age, signifying TBI as a risk factor. These new findings highlight the detrimental consequences of prolonged post-TBI neuroinflammation, which can sustain S100A9-driven amyloid-neurodegenerative cascade as a specific mechanism leading to AD development.
Nature Publishing Group, 2018
Neurology Neurosciences
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151784 (URN)10.1038/s41598-018-31141-x (DOI)000442870300014 ()30150640 (PubMedID)
Swedish Institute
Goldberg, E. L., Asher, J. L., Molony, R. D., Shaw, A. C., Zeiss, C. J., Wang, C., . . . Dixit, V. D. (2017). beta-Hydroxybutyrate deactivates Neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome to relieve gout flares. Cell reports, 18(9), 2077-2087
Open this publication in new window or tab >>beta-Hydroxybutyrate deactivates Neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome to relieve gout flares
Goldberg, Emily L.
Asher, Jennifer L.
Molony, Ryan D.
Shaw, Albert C.
Zeiss, Caroline J.
Herzog, Raimund I.
Iwasaki, Akiko
Dixit, Vishwa Deep
2017 (English)In: Cell reports, ISSN 2211-1247, E-ISSN 2211-1247, Vol. 18, no 9, p. 2077-2087Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Aging and lipotoxicity are two major risk factors for gout that are linked by the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Neutrophil-mediated production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) drives gouty flares that cause joint destruction, intense pain, and fever. However, metabolites that impact neutrophil inflammasome remain unknown. Here, we identified that ketogenic diet (KD) increases beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and alleviates urate crystal-induced gout without impairing immune defense against bacterial infection. BHB inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome in S100A9 fibril-primed and urate crystal-activated macrophages, which serve to recruit inflammatory neutrophils in joints. Consistent with reduced gouty flares in rats fed a ketogenic diet, BHB blocked IL-1 beta in neutrophils in a NLRP3-dependent manner in mice and humans irrespective of age. Mechanistically, BHB inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils by reducing priming and assembly steps. Collectively, our studies show that BHB, a known alternate metabolic fuel, is also an anti-inflammatory molecule that may serve as a treatment for gout.
Cell and Molecular Biology Rheumatology and Autoimmunity
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133663 (URN)10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.004 (DOI)000397328400002 ()28249154 (PubMedID)
Horvath, I., Jia, X., Johansson, P., Wang, C., Moskalenko, R., Steinau, A., . . . Morozova-Roche, L. A. (2016). Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein as a Robust Biomarker Differentiating Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease [Letter to the editor]. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 7(1), 34-39
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein as a Robust Biomarker Differentiating Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease
Jia, Xueen
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Johansson, Per
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy 40000, Ukraine.
Steinau, Andreas
Wågberg, Thomas
Svensson, Johan
Zetterberg, Henrik
Morozova-Roche, Ludmilla A
2016 (English)In: ACS Chemical Neuroscience, ISSN 1948-7193, E-ISSN 1948-7193, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 34-39Article in journal, Letter (Refereed) Published
Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 was established as a biomarker of dementia progression and compared with others such as Aβ1-42 and tau-proteins. CSF samples from 104 stringently diagnosed individuals divided into five subgroups were analyzed, including nondemented controls, stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI), mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients. ELISA, dot-blotting, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used as research methods. The S100A9 and Aβ1-42 levels correlated with each other: their CSF content decreased already at the SMCI stage and declined further under MCI-AD, AD, and VaD conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed involvement of both Aβ1-42 and S100A9 in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade already during SMCI. Tau proteins were not yet altered in SMCI; however their contents increased during MCI-AD and AD, diagnosing later dementia stages. Thus, four biomarkers together, reflecting different underlying pathological causes, can accurately differentiate dementia progression and also distinguish AD from VaD.
Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, cerebrospinal fluid, S100A9, Aβ1−42, biomarkers, amyloid, inflammation
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111351 (URN)10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00265 (DOI)000368567200006 ()26550994 (PubMedID)
Wang, C. (2016). Role of pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein in amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå: Umeå University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Role of pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein in amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease with a spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Over the past decade TBI has become the focus of research due to growing epidemiological and clinical evidences that TBI incidences are strong risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Major pathological hallmarks of AD are massive accumulations of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) toxic oligomers and plaques. Neuroinflammation is also considered as a common denominator in AD and aging. The epidemiological and experimental studies have supported that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs markedly reduce the age-related prevalence of AD and can slow amyloid deposition by mechanisms that still remain elusive. S100A9 is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse roles in the cell signaling pathways associated with inflammation and cancers. A widespread expression of S100A9 was also reported in many other ailments involving inflammatory processes, such as AD, malaria, cerebral ischemia and TBI, implying that S100A9 may be a universal biomarker of inflammation. The distinctive feature of S100A9 compared to other pro-inflammatory cytokines is its ability to self-assemble into amyloids, which may lead to the loss of its signaling functions and acquired amyloid cytotoxicity, exceeding that of Aβ.
Methods S100A9 properties was studied under various ex vivo and in vitro conditions. First, human and mouse tissues with TBI and AD were subjected to microscopic, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques. Then, aged mouse treated with native, oligomeric and fibrillary S100A9 was also studied by using behavioral and neurochemical analysis. Moreover, S100A9 was established as a biomarker of dementia progression and compared with others such as Aβ42 and tau proteins, by studying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from different stages of dementia. Finally, in vitro experiments on S100A9 amyloidogenesis, co-aggregation with Aβ40 and Aβ42, digestion and cytotoxicity were also performed by using spectroscopic, atomic force microscopy and cell biology methods.
Results S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade serves as a link between TBI and AD. We have found that S100A9 contributes to the plaque formation and intraneuronal responses in AD, being a part of the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade. In TBI we have found that extensive S100A9 neuronal production and amyloid self-assembly is triggered immediately after injury, leading to apoptotic pathways and neuronal loss. S100A9 is an integral component of both TBI precursor-plaques, formed prior to Aβ deposition, and AD plaques, characterized by different degree of amyloid maturation, indicating that all plaques are associated with inflammation. Both intra- and extracellular amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascades are intertwined and showed similar tendencies in human and mouse tissues in TBI and AD. Ex vivo findings are further supported by in vitro experiments on S100A9 amyloidogenesis, digestion and cytotoxicity. Importantly, being highly amyloidogenic itself, S100A9 can trigger and aggravate Aβ amyloid self-assembly and significantly contribute to amyloid cytotoxicity. Moreover, the CSF dynamics of S100A9 levels matches very closely the content of Aβ42 in AD, vascular dementia and mild cognitive impairment due to AD, emphasizing the involvement of S100A9 together with Aβ in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in these ailments.
Conclusions The conclusions of this thesis is that the inflammatory pathways and S100A9 specifically represent a potential target for the therapeutic interventions during various post-TBI stages and far prior AD development to halt and reverse these damaging processes.
Umeå: Umeå University, 2016. p. 31
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1838
S100A9, Aβ, Alzheimer's disease, Traumatic brain injury, Amyloid, Neuroinflammatory
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125078 (URN)978-91-7601-547-6 (ISBN)
External cooperation:
2016-09-30, N300, Naturvetarhuset, Umeå, 13:00 (English)
Halskau, Øyvind
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Gilthorpe, Jonathan
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience.
Role of pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein in amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury
Gruden, M. A., Davydova, T. V., Wang, C., Narkevich, V. B., Fomina, V. G., Kudrin, V. S., . . . Sewell, R. D. E. (2016). The misfolded pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 disrupts memory via neurochemical remodelling instigating an Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive deficit. Behavioural Brain Research, 306, 106-116
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The misfolded pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 disrupts memory via neurochemical remodelling instigating an Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive deficit
Davydova, Tatiana V.
Narkevich, Victor B.
Fomina, Valentina G.
Kudrin, Vladimir S.
2016 (English)In: Behavioural Brain Research, ISSN 0166-4328, E-ISSN 1872-7549, Vol. 306, p. 106-116Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Memory deficits may develop from a variety of neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease dementia. During neurodegenerative conditions there are contributory factors such as neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis involved in memory impairment. In the present study, dual properties of S100A9 protein as a pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic agent were explored in the passive avoidance memory task along with neurochemical assays in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. S100A9 oligomers and fibrils were generated in vitro and verified by AFM, Thioflavin T and All antibody binding. Native S100A9 as well as S100A9 oligomers and fibrils or their combination were administered intranasally over 14 days followed by behavioral and neurochemical analysis. Both oligomers and fibrils evoked amnestic activity which correlated with disrupted prefrontal cortical and hippocampal dopaminergic neurochemistry. The oligomer-fibril combination produced similar but weaker neurochemistry to the fibrils administered alone but without passive avoidance amnesia. Native S100A9 did not modify memory task performance even though it generated a general and consistent decrease in monoamine levels (DA, 5-HT and NA) and increased metabolic marker ratios of DA and 5-HT turnover (DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA) in the prefrontal cortex. These results provide insight into a novel pathogenetic mechanism underlying amnesia in a fear-aggravated memory task based on amyloidogenesis of a pro-inflammatory factor leading to disrupted brain neurochemistry in the aged brain. The data further suggests that amyloid species of S100A9 create deleterious effects principally on the dopaminergic system and this novel finding might be potentially exploited during dementia management through a neuroprotective strategy.
S100A9, Amyloid, Neuroinflammation, Memory, Passive avoidance task, Neurotransmitters, Alzheimer's disease
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121432 (URN)10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.016 (DOI)000375513800013 ()26965570 (PubMedID)
Gruden, M. A., Davydova, T. V., Narkevich, V. B., Fomina, V. G., Wang, C., Kudrin, V. S., . . . Sewell, R. D. (2015). Noradrenergic and serotonergic neurochemistry arising from intranasal inoculation with α-synuclein aggregates which incite parkinsonian-like symptoms. Behavioural Brain Research, 279, 191-201
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Noradrenergic and serotonergic neurochemistry arising from intranasal inoculation with α-synuclein aggregates which incite parkinsonian-like symptoms
Gruden, Marina A
Davydova, Tatiana V
Narkevich, Victor B
Fomina, Valentina G
Kudrin, Vladimir S
Sewell, Robert D E
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) toxic aggregates delivered by the nasal vector have been shown to modify the neurochemistry of dopamine (DA) which is associated with parkinsonian-like motor symptoms. The aim was therefore to study the intranasal effects of α-syn oligomers, fibrils or their combination on the motor behavior of aged mice in relation to possible noradrenergic and serotonergic correlates. In vitro generated α-syn oligomers and fibrils were verified using atomic force microscopy and the thioflavin T binding assay. Levels of noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were detected using HPLC with electrochemical detection in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. The oligomers or fibrils administered alone or in a 50:50 combination (total dose of 0.48mg/kg) were given intranasally for 14 days and "open-field" behaviour was tested on days 0, 15 and 28 of the protocol, at which time brain structures were sampled. Behavioral deficits at the end of the 14-day dosing regime and on day 28 (i.e. 14 days after treatment completion) induced hypokinesia and immobility whilst the aggregate combination additionally produced rigidity. The α-Syn oligomer/fibril mixture also instigated PD-like motor symptoms which correlated heterochronically with elevated NA levels in the striatum but then later in the SN while intranasal fibrils alone augmented 5-HT and 5-HIAA nigral concentrations throughout the protocol. In contrast, α-syn oligomers displayed a delayed serotonin upsurge in the SN. Neurodegenerative and/or actions on neurotransmitter transporters (such as NET, SERT and VMAT2) are discussed as being implicated in these α-syn amyloid induced neurochemical and motoric disturbances.
Rodent model, alpha-synuclein oligomers & fibrils, Behavior, Noradrenaline, 5-HT, Metabolism
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-97014 (URN)10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.001 (DOI)000348255200024 ()25446742 (PubMedID)
Gruden, M. A., Davydova, T. V., Narkevich, V. B., Fomina, V. G., Wang, C., Kudrin, V. S., . . . Sewell, R. D. (2014). Intranasal administration of alpha-synuclein aggregates: a Parkinson's disease model with behavioral and neurochemical correlates. Behavioural Brain Research, 263, 158-168
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intranasal administration of alpha-synuclein aggregates: a Parkinson's disease model with behavioral and neurochemical correlates
Sewell, Robert DE
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which both alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) and dopamine (DA) have a critical role. Our previous studies instigated a novel PD model based on nasal inoculation with alpha-syn aggregates which expressed parkinsonian-like behavioral and immunological features. The current study in mice substantiated the robustness of the amyloid nasal vector model by examining behavioral consequences with respect to DA-ergic neurochemical corollaries. In vitro generated alpha-syn oligomers and fibrils were characterized using atomic force microscopy and the thioflavin T binding assay. These toxic oligomers or fibrils administered alone (0.48 mg/kg) or their 50:50 combination (total dose of 0.48 mg/kg) were given intranasally for 14 days and "open-field" behavior was tested on days 0, 15 and 28 of the protocol. Behavioral deficits at the end of the 14-day dosing regime and on day 28 (i.e., 14 days after treatment completion) induced rigidity, hypokinesia and immobility. This was accompanied by elevated nigral but not striatal DA, DOPAC and HVA concentrations in response to dual administration of alpha-syn oligomers plus fibrils but not the oligomers by themselves. alpha-Syn fibrils intensified not only the hypokinesia and immobility 14 days post treatment, but also reduced vertical rearing and enhanced DA levels in the substantia nigra. Only nigral DA turnover (DOPAC/DA but not HVA/DA ratio) was augmented in response to fibril treatment but there were no changes in the striatum. Compilation of these novel behavioral and neurochemical findings substantiate the validity of the alpha-syn nasal vector model for investigating parkinsonian-like symptoms.
(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Rodent model; α-synuclein oligomers; Fibrils; Behavior; Dopamine neurochemistry
Neurosciences Neurology
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88668 (URN)10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.017 (DOI)000333883700020 ()
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics


text:
Africa • 30 Oct 2012
Demo Africa: the future of African startups looks bright
By Vanessa Clark
Read nextValuation startup wins Tech4Africa's Ignite competition
Flowgear, a South African startup that offers application integration for the cloud era, was named one of the Demo Lions and will be joining four other African startups in the US for mentorship and introduction to potential investors. The Demo Lion awards are under the auspices of the US State Department.
Flowgear offers companies pre-built connectors that allow quick and easy implementation for developers without the need for coding. The company bridges cloud and on-premise applications and simplifies integration management with full visibility of data flows.
Demo Africa gave 40 startups from around the continent the opportunity to demo their products and services to an international audience of investors, media and other stakeholders. The other winners of the inaugural Demo Africa, held in Nairobi Kenya last week, were:
Maliyo Games from Lagos, Nigeria creates multimedia products with an African flavour for a global audience. For instance, the irritating sounding but compelling Mosquito Smasher 2, which has all the makings of an Angry Birds.
Ghana-based mPawa is a mobile recruitment service that brings job notifications to blue-collar workers, which, it says, has been left out of the existing technology recruitment services in existence. It offers employers a central pool of candidates, which it matches to vacancies using an algorithm it has developed. According to mPawa, three-quarters of Africa's labour is blue-collar. It is currently targeting the construction sector, but plans to expand to agriculture, manufacturing, service and oil and gas.
Qabila Media Productions is an Egypt-based media company that uses crowd-sourcing and social media to produce positive news content. The company produces content for Al Jazeera, the World Bank and various international non-government organisations.
Sasa Africa a Kenyan-based e-commerce platform for the developing world that connects offline craftspeople to online consumers via a simple mobile phone. The merchants don't need a bank account, internet access or a computer to sell their goods online. Sasa plans to expand to five additional markets in sub-Saharan Africa next year, and aims to have signed up 100 000 artisans by 2015.
E-commerce was a clear trend at Demo Africa 2012, with a number of startups extending MPesa and other mobile money services from transactions between individuals to include vendors in the eco-system. These included Kuza Mobile, iPay, Hewani, MyOrder, Lipisha, mPayer, CrowdPesa, Kivuko and Virtual Bank. As Kevin Schuster, business fellow at the Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology, said: "The next billion dollar idea is who can do Amazon for Africa."
Another theme was education, with e-Limu offering mobile-based interactive educational tools; Kytaba, a textbook subscription app on a low-cost tablet; mPrep, an SMS and mobile web-based study services.
Notably absent were any mHealth services and there was one agriculture-based service in the shape of Senegal's mLouma, which AppAfrica's Jon Gosier described as an "Etsy for farmers". The service gives farmers and agribusinesses real-time pricing information via web or mobile to allow them to make the best sales.
This year's Apps4Africa competition was launched at Demo Africa, and received a hat tip from US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, in a pre-recorded interview. The competition is supported by the US government and provides acceleration for mobile app developers from across the continent.
Neal Silverman, senior vice president and general manager of parent company Demo, took the opportunity at Demo Africa to announce the launch of Demo Brazil and Demo Russia — dates and locations to be announced. Harry Hare, the driving force behind Demo Africa confirmed that the event would be repeated in 2013, without naming a host city.
Vanessa Clark
Posted in Africa, Startups
Valuation startup wins Tech4Africa's Ignite competition
Startup news • 1 Nov 2012


Any ideas guys? I know of the technique of converting the sound into .wav and the video into mpeg1, but thats not too good if you want to fit anything bigger then 10 minutes long on a disk.
Sounds to me like there might be a program that you can put on a disk that the ps2 will load, which will allow for this. Any ideas?


text:
This is a list of the episodes of the radio drama series The Red Panda Adventures by Decoder Ring Theater. The episodes are divided by season and listed by the release date. Each entry includes the number of the show, its title, a short description of the episode, and its original release date.

Episode list

Season One

Season Two

Season Three

Season Four

Season Five

Season Six

Season Seven

Season Eight

Season Nine

Season Ten

Season Eleven

References
 - List of the ''Red Panda Adventures' episodes

Canadian radio dramas
Lists of radio series episodes


Panelling over the fridge door and minimal upper cupboards preserve the look streamlined and clean. When you change your kitchen curtains or if you want to paint your kitchen island a new shade, do not forget to vary the pendant gentle globes. Kitchen islands are also an exquisite technique to display food for entertaining because they'll double as a server or could be a handy conversation area to serve wine and hordourves.


Livestock operators have come to view the high cost of door maintenance and replacement as a normal cost of business. PowerLift doors stand as a notable exception to this 'high maintenance/short life' rule!
PowerLift doors eliminate the rollers, axles, slides, pivots, piano hinges, cables, straps and grease points found on all other doors. These many moving parts were not designed to endure the humid, acidic environment typically found in livestock operations.
Choose PowerLift doors for your dairy, beef, swine, poultry, equine, sheep or processing facility. We have doors designed for animal confinement, machinery access, feed storage and waste management applications. Your PowerLift doors will be operating trouble-free years after ordinary doors have deteriorated, failed and been replaced.
This all-new dairy operation was designed from the ground up to be as efficient as possible. The new dairy and calf barns feature robot milkers, robot scrapers, robot feed pushers, robot calf feeders and robot groomers. To ensure reliable access the owners specified 22 PowerLift doors (14' x 14' and 16' x 14' in size). Low maintenance, reliability and local support are part of every PowerLift door installation.
This dairy operation recently underwent a substantial expansion. PowerLift doors were chosen for the feed alley and access doors in the new addition. The interior cladding of these doors is UHMW plastic which is highly resistant to acidic environments and very easy to clean. While the new doors were being installed in the addition, a retrofit PowerLift door was built to replace a deteriorated sliding door on the original barn. PowerLift doors make every aspect of your livestock operation function more smoothly.
The atmosphere in buildings that house manure separators wages a constant battle with door components. Ordinary doors with their many small moving parts quickly surrender to the effects of this acidic environment. A PowerLift door is the solution to any extreme service door environment. Our doors are built with the heaviest and simplest operating components possible and function for years in difficult applications.
This dairy farm raises their calves in a building attached to the main barn. Milk and grain are transported to the calf barn on small trolleys so these PowerLift doors use an elevated truss design that eliminates the door threshold. These 30' x 9' PowerLift doors open fully when it is time to move calves or clean out the barn. Those responsible for raising the calves enjoy the easy access provided by an integral walk door. There is a PowerLift solution at hand for any access situation that you face – just call us.
This dairy farm stores hay and bulk commodities in a 72' wide building. Since all ingredients need to be within reach each time the TMR mixer is loaded they wanted a single means of access. The solution was this 70' x 14' – 6" PowerLift door. The touch of a remote opens and closes the door and maintenance issues associated with overhead and bifold doors are eliminated. Most livestock operations have several openings that are ideally suited to the installation of a PowerLift door.
One of the most humid and poorly ventilated environments anywhere is found in a milking parlor. Windows are usually too small for ventilation and curtain walls require lots of maintenance. This new milking parlor was designed with a 24' x 8' PowerLift wall to enhance operator comfort. The owners have learned that the PowerLift wall opening can be adjusted in almost any weather to allow good air movement without creating a draft.


text:
Q: how make 3 functions to run in one program For answers please make it as simple as possible refrain from using any technique that is too advanced as I am still learning Python and do not want to jump too far ahead...
For the def main program, I am trying to run all 3 functions in this "Main", the Summation and Multiply functions is self explanatory, the CreateIntList is suppose function takes in a sentinel value (an integer), and
it takes in a sentinal value(int) and return a list of integers. it prompts the user to create a list of integers, using the provided sentinel value as the number the user enters to exit the creation of the list.
For each list:
o Tell the user which number list they are creating (starting at 1)
o Ask the user for their desired sentinel value
o Create a lists of integers (using the given sentinel value)
o Calculate the summation
o Calculate the product
o Print out:
 The entire list
 The summation of the list
 The product of the list

def summation(intlist):
    output = 0
    for x in range(len(intlist)):
        output += intlist[x]
    return output

def multiply(intlist):
    if len(intlist) == 0:
        output = 0
        return output
    else:
        output = 1
        for x in range(len(intlist)):
            output = intlist[x] * output
        return output

def createIntList(myInt):
    createlist = []
    myInt = int(input("What do you want the sentinel to be?"))
    addNum = None
 while myInt != addNum:
        addNum = input("Please enter a number, ", myInt, "to stop: ")
        createlist.append(addNum)
    return createlist

def main():
    print("Welcome to the Simple Math Helper")
    listIteration = int(input("How many list would you like to create? "))
    x = 0
    for x in range(len(listIteration)):
        print("Your are creating list #", x)
        createIntList(myInt)
        multiply(createIntList)
        summation(createIntList)
        x = x + 1
    print("Thank you for using the Simple Math Helper")

main()

Projected output:
Welcome to the Simple Math Helper
How many lists would you like to create? 1
You are creating list #1
What do you want the sentinel to be? 0
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 1
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 2
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 3
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 4
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 5
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 6
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 7
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 8
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 9
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 10
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: -9
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: -3
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: -1
Please enter a number, 0 to stop: 0
For the list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, -9, -3, -1]
The summation is 42
The product is -97977600
Thank you for using the Simple Math Helper

A: Samira N already gave you some feedback, but there are many other problems with your code. I commented all lines with errors and corrected them for you.
def summation(intlist):
    output = 0  #you are correct, as you are using it below, you need to initialize beforehand
    #for x in range(len(intlist)): # see below for a better way to use list in a 'for'
    for x in intlist: # 'x' now represents the proper element inside the list, iterating each element
        #output += intlist[x] #see below on how to use 'x' with the new 'for'
        output += x
    return output

def multiply(intlist):
    if len(intlist) == 0:
        #output = 0 # no need for 'output'
        #return output # same
        return 0
    else:
        output = 1# same here, you are using output below, so you need to initialize beforehand. Nice!
        #for x in range(len(intlist)): # same as before, see below for a better way to use 'for' with lists
        for x in intlist:
            #output = intlist[x] * output # same as before, use 'x' instead of 'intlist[x]' with the new 'for'
            output = x * output
        return output

#def createIntList(myInt): #you are initializing myInt in the input, so you dont need it here
def createIntList():
    #createlist = [] # you should use better names for your variables
    new_list = []
    #myInt = int(input("What do you want the sentinel to be?")) # pick a better name for myInt
    sentinel = int(input("What do you want the sentinel to be?"))
    #addNum = None # same, better name
    number = None
    #while myInt != addNum: #see below for the 'while' with the new variable names
    while sentinel != number:
        #number = input("Please enter a number, ", sentinel, "to stop: ") # you need to use + to append, but you need to parse it to str as 'sentinel' is an int
        number = int(input("Please enter a number, " + str(sentinel) + "to stop: ")) # same you did with 'sentinel', need to add 'int(' so you make sure it returns a number
        #createlist.append(addNum) #same code below, but with the new variable names
        if sentinel != number: # so you don't add the sentinel to the list
            new_list.append(number)
    return new_list

def main():
    print("Welcome to the Simple Math Helper")
    listIteration = int(input("How many list would you like to create? "))
    #x = 0 # x is already being initialized/declared in the 'for' below
    #for x in range(len(listIteration)): # listIteration is already an int, so you don't need to use len()
    for x in range(listIteration):
        print("Your are creating list #", x+1) #x+1 because x starts as 0, +1 ensures it will show 'Your are creating list #1' and so on
        #createIntList(myInt) # you are calling the function with a variable that doesnt exist: myInt
        int_list = createIntList() # as createIntList returns something, lets use int_list to save the returned list
        #multiply(createIntList) # you need to send as paramter a variable (not the function itself)
        multiplication_output = multiply(int_list) # you are returning an int, so you need to store it somewhere
        #summation(createIntList) # send a variable, not the function
        sum_output = summation(int_list) # same as before store the return somewhere
        # x = x + 1 # no need for this, the 'for' does it already
        print("For the list ", int_list)
        print("The summation is ", sum_output)
        print("The product is ", multiplication_output)
    print("Thank you for using the Simple Math Helper")

main()

I tried to keep things simple as you asked:

For answers please make it as simple as possible refrain from using any technique that is too advanced as I am still learning Python and do not want to jump too far ahead...

This is how I would do, though:
def summation(int_list):
    return sum(int_list) #sum() is a pretty good built-in function :)

def multiply(int_list):
    if int_list: #better way to write 'if len(intlist) != 0:'
        output = 1
        for x in int_list:
            output = x * output
        return output
    else:
        return 0

def create_list(list_number):
    print('Your are creating list #{}'.format(list_number))
    new_list = []
    sentinel = int(input('What do you want the sentinel to be? '))
    number = None
    while number != sentinel:
        #str.format() is a function that I love.
        #Check it out: https://pyformat.info/
        number = int(
        input('Please enter a number ({} to stop): '.format(sentinel)))
        if number != sentinel:
            new_list.append(number)
    return new_list

def main():
    print('Welcome to the Simple Math Helper')
    listIteration = int(
    input('How many list would you like to create? '))

    for x in range(listIteration):
        int_list = create_list(x+1)
        multiplication_output = multiply(int_list)
        sum_output = summation(int_list)
        print('''For the list {}
The summation is {}
The product is {}'''.format(int_list, sum_output,multiplication_output))

    print('Thank you for using the Simple Math Helper')

main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lemon Balm officinal's is a perennial herb and is also called as Bee plant, Lemon balm, balm or balm mint. Its leaves have a lemon scent and are crushed and when applied topically Flowers being white attract bees and that is why its genus name is Lemon Balm.
It is obtained by method of steam distillation of its leaves and flowers.
It s aroma is fresh, green & citrus, and orange in color, watery in viscosity.
It mainly consists of Trans ocimene, citronellal, carophyllene, germacrene, geranial, geranyl acetate, cis-ocimene, octanone, linalool, beta bourbonene, methyl herponene, cis hexanol, octanol, octenol, copaene, alpha humulene, neral, delta etc.
It is known to blend well with Basil, Frankincense, Geranium, Rose, Lavender, ylang Ylang oil.
• Owing to its properties like antibacterial, sudorific, antidepressant, antiviral, stomachic, tonic, uterine, antihistamine, hypertensive, neroine, it is used as therapeutic agent.
• Owing to its antidepressant properties it uplifts mind & energy and is also called as Elixir of life or nectar of life.
• It is useful in allergies.
• It avoids bacterial infection.
• It is helpful in bronchitis, cold, coughs, depression, and eczema.
• It is useful in Hand & foot mouth disease, Herpes, hypertension, stress, vertigo, viral, infections & Warts.
• It supports immune system.
• It uplifts mind & energy.
• It aids in smooth functioning of stomach & digestive process. It relieves in bloating & cramping of stomach. Gases build up in intestines are forced out by this oil.
• Lemon Balm oil has sudorific properties which promotes sweating & perspiration resulting in removal of toxins from skin.
• It is used in perfumery.
• It brings down Blood pressure.
• It treats nervous disorder.
• It is much in demand in aromatherapy.
• It is used in adding flavour to ice cream & Herbal teas.
• It act as preservative.
It should not be used in children below 6yrs of age.
If pregnant or under doctors care, consult a physician before using it.


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