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Victoria County History - Lancaster
A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4
Townships: Billinge
A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1911.
BILLINGE
Bulling, 1212 and commonly in xiv cent.; Billinge, 1284; Bollynge, 1292; Bullynth, 1292.
This township, which originally included Winstanley, has long been divided into two halves regarded as separate townships and known as Chapel End and Higher End. They form the south-west corner of the parish.
The position of Chapel End township—the eastern one—is bleak and open, and the country bare except in the south, where there are more trees and green fields about the neighbourhood of Carr Mill Dam, a fairly large sheet of water. In the middle of this lake the boundaries of three townships meet. In the north there are sandstone quarries on the highest point of the hill. There are fields where potatoes, wheat, and oats are grown, besides pastures nearer the base of the hillside. The soil is sandy, over a substratum of gravel and sandstone rock. The chapel lies near the centre of the boundary between Chapel End and Winstanley on the north. The village, with its long straggling street and stone houses, spreads from it along the road from Wigan to St. Helens, which is the principal thoroughfare. About the middle of the township it is crossed by another road which runs eastward from the chapel to Ashton in Makerfield. The south-western boundary is formed by Black Brook, near which lies Birchley; and the south-eastern by the Goyt, its affluent, on which is Chadwick Green. Two detached portions of Winstanley lie on this side. The surface rises from the two streams, a height of nearly 600 ft. being attained at the northern border. Here stands Billinge Beacon, (fn. 1) from which fine views can be obtained. The area of Chapel End is 1,161 acres, (fn. 2) and the population in 1901 numbered 2,068.
Billinge Higher End, on the north-west side of the former township, has an area of 1,571 acres. (fn. 3) The population in 1901 numbered 1,600. (fn. 4) Near the centre, by Brownlow, a height of 560 ft. is attained, the surface falling away somewhat quickly to the south-west boundary, which is formed by Black Brook, and also to the west and north. This ridge of high ground, known as Billinge Hill, is visible for miles around. There are extensive quarries of sandstone and a gritstone used for making mill-stones. In the north of the district there are one or two unimportant coal-mines. In this part the hill is not entirely bare in spite of its exposed situation, for there are plantations of small pine trees and some larger deciduous trees. The west side of the township is occupied by cultivated fields where wheat, oats, and potatoes are grown in a rich sandy soil. On the west lies Billinge Hall; to the north are Bispham Hall, Gautley, and the Great Moss. On the east a brook divides the township from Winstanley; Longshaw lies here, with the village adjacent, on the road from Billinge chapel to Upholland. The main roads are macadamized; others set with square blocks of native sandstone; they are protected by walls in the upper parts and hedges in the lower parts of the township.
A local board for Billinge was formed in 1872, (fn. 5) the district including both the townships and also part of Winstanley. This was succeeded in 1894 by an urban district council of twelve members.
The present townships of BILLINGE (Higher End and Chapel End) and WINSTANLEY were originally but one manor, rated as half a plough-land, and probably forming one of the berewicks of Newton before the Conquest, just as they constituted members of the Newton barony after it. (fn. 6) The inquest of 1212 shows that this extensive manor had long been divided into three portions, almost equal. The lord was Adam de Billinge, holding of 'ancient feoffment' by the service of 10s. rent and the finding of a judge at the Newton court. (fn. 7) The two subordinate manors were held by Simon and by Roger de Winstanley; each was considered an oxgang and a third, but the services due are not recorded. Roger's share soon became independent. Yet another tenant, Uctred Leute, held a ridding, and paid 16d. rent. (fn. 8) Adam had made grants to Cockersand Abbey and to the Hospital of Chester. (fn. 9)
No satisfactory account can be given of the descent of these manors, through lack of evidence. Adam de Knowsley had lands here in 1246; (fn. 10) and six years later he and his wife Godith seem to have had the lordship. (fn. 11) Henry de Huyton, the son of Adam, was in 1292 lord of two-thirds of the manor, the other third being Winstanley. (fn. 12) Billinge, however, did not descend with Huyton; Robert, son of Henry, becoming lord of it, either by special grant or in right of his mother. His daughters were his heirs. (fn. 13) In 1374 the manor is found to have been divided into four parts, which seem to have been held by Eves, Heaton, Billinge and Winstanley. (fn. 14) The Eves share descended to the Lathoms of Mossborough; (fn. 15) and one of the parts was later held by the Bispham family.
The Heatons also held BIRCHLEY in Chapel End, the service to the lord of Newton being 3s. 2d. rent. (fn. 16) This manor of Birchley was acquired in the 16th century by the Andertons of Lostock, a younger son settling here. (fn. 17) It is now owned by Lord Gerard. (fn. 18)
Anderton of Lostock. Sable three shackbolts argent.
Gerard, Lord Gerard. Argent a saltire gules.
Higher End contains Bispham Hall and Billinge Hall, named after the lords of other portions of the manor. The share of the Bispham family (fn. 19) was described as a fourth part even in the 18th century, when it passed by marriage to Thomas Owen of Upholland, (fn. 20) and then by his two daughters to Holt and Edward Leigh. (fn. 21) From Holt Leigh it has descended like Orrell to Mr. Roger Leigh, of Hindley Hall, Aspull.
Leigh. Gules a cross engrailed argent between four lozenges ermine, a canton or.
The shares of the Billinge (fn. 22) and Winstanley (fn. 23) families cannot be traced satisfactorily.
One of the quarters of the manor was acquired by the family of Bankes of Winstanley. (fn. 24)
Bispham. Sable a saltire between four harts' heads cabossed erminois.
Thomas and John Winstanley and Thomas Bispham, (fn. 25) as landowners of Billinge and Winstanley, contributed to a subsidy levied about 1556. The freeholders in 1600 were: Anderton of Birchley, Thomas Bispham, Richard Billinge, William Atherton, and John Wood. (fn. 26) In 1628 the landowners, contributing to the subsidy were: Roger Anderton, William Bispham, William Blackburn, Edmund Wood, and Edmund Bispham. The first and last of these, as convicted recusants, paid double. (fn. 27) Those who contributed for lands to the subsidy of 1663 were James Anderton of Birchley, Thomas Bispham, Peter Parr, Geoffrey Birchall, and Alexander Leigh. (fn. 28) In 1717 the following, as 'papists,' registered estates here: John Gerard of Ashton, John Howard, Richard Mather, and Robert Rothwell of Winstanley. (fn. 29) The principal landowners in 1787, according to the land tax returns, were William Bankes, Edward Leigh, and Sir Robert Gerard, contributing together about half of the sum total raised.
The Inclosure Award, with plan, is preserved in the County Council offices at Preston.
A chapel of ease was built here in the time of Henry VIII at the cost of the inhabitants, who also paid the priest's wages. (fn. 30) At the beginning of Mary's reign James Winstanley of Winstanley, 'minding utterly to destroy the same chapel for ever, out of very malice and hate that he had and bore towards the service of God, which he perceived the Queen's majesty was minded to advance and set forwards,' assembled a band of twenty 'evil-disposed persons,' and forcibly carried off the chalice and paten and other ornaments, broke the windows, turned out forms and chairs and the like furniture, and made it a barn, keeping his hay and corn there by force. (fn. 31) There was 'no preacher' at Billinge in 1590. (fn. 32) Eight years later the building was found to be out of repair; there were no books but a Bible, the curate was 'no minister, but one licensed to read.' No attempt had been made to collect the 1s. a week fine for absence from the legal services, nor were there any collections for the poor. Very few came to the communion thrice yearly; the parishioners could not say the Catechism, and many did not know the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and commandments. (fn. 33)
The Commonwealth surveyors recommended that the chapel should be made a separate parish church, but this does not seem to have been carried out. (fn. 34) The minister in charge was ejected in 1662. (fn. 35) The old building was demolished and rebuilt in 1717–18. (fn. 36) The church has been of late considerably enlarged under the direction of Mr. T. G. Jackson, R.A. The oldest part of the building dates only from 1717, and before the additions was a plain rectangle in plan, 57 ft. by 37 ft., with a small eastern apse. The elevations are very plain, divided on north and south into four bays by shallow pilasters, with a round headed window in each bay, each window subdivided by mullions into three lights. The walls are crowned with an embattled parapet, with urns at intervals on the parapet, and in the west front is the doorway, with a window of semi-Gothic style over it. All the work is very good of its kind, of wrought stone without, and the fittings of oak, while a fine brass chandelier hangs from the ceiling. Galleries put up in 1823 have now been taken away. It has lately been dedicated to St. Aidan. In 1765 the patronage was disputed, but the rector of Wigan established his right, and is the present patron. (fn. 37) The church became parochial in 1882. (fn. 38)
The curates in charge and vicars have been as follows (fn. 39) :—
1609 Richard Bolton (fn. 40)
1625 Edward Tempest
1626 Peter Travers
1646 John Wright (fn. 41)
c. 1686 Nathan Golborne (fn. 42)
1699 Edward Sedgwick
1704 John Horobin
1708 Humphrey Whalley
1749 Edward Parr
1763 Thomas Withnell
1776 Richard Carr
1813 Samuel Hall, (fn. 43) M.A. (St. John's Coll. Camb.)
1833 John Bromilow
1853 Howard St. George, M.A. (T.C.D.)
1898 Francis Broughton Anson Miller, M.A. (Trinity Coll. Camb.)
There is a Wesleyan Methodist chapel at Higher End, built in 1845, and a Primitive Methodist one in Chapel End.
If Billinge has afforded some evidence, though questionable, of the existence of a vigorous Protestantism in this part of the county as early as 1550, it also affords evidence of the vitality of the ancient faith, the Andertons of Birchley sheltering the missionary priests. One of the earliest to labour here was the Jesuit Roger Anderton, who served from 1645 until his death fifty years later. (fn. 44) The present church of St. Mary was built in 1828. A manuscript preserved in the presbytery contains the Forma Vivendi of Richard Rolle of Hampole. (fn. 45)
1. It was erected as a sea mark, about 1780; Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1836), iii, 565.
2. 1163, including 9 of inland water, according to the census of 1901.
3. 1573, including 3 of inland water; census of 1901.
4. Including King's Moss, &c.
5. Lond. Gaz. 17 Dec. 1872.
6. V.C.H. Lancs. i, 286. See Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 138; ii, 99; ibid. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 105.
7. Lancs. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 76. Adam de Billinge contributed half a mark to the scutage in 1201 and later years; Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R. 152, 179, 205.
8. Inq. and Extents, loc. cit. Uctred Leute's holding may have been in Crookhurst, a family taking its name from this place. Richard son of Richard de Crookhurst was a defendant in 1302; Assize R. 418, m. 10 d.
9. To Cockersand Abbey Adam de Billinge gave all Falling and Ruhlow, the boundaries beginning at Kidsay Brook, going to Blackley, to Walley Clough, by this to Wetcroft Lache, and so by Little Ruhlow to the starting point. Further he gave half of Crookhurst, the bounds being from Swinepit Clough to Birchley Brook and Blackley Brook, and so to the start; Cockersand Chart. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 665, 666. William son of Simon de Bulling granted the same abbey a part of his land called Leyerich Ridding, within the carr and Hennecroft; also his portion of Crookhurst, the bounds being named with great minuteness; 'the ford next the house of Thomas Cert which was burnt' is among them; ibid. ii, 667. From the charter last quoted 'the Hospital' is identified as that outside the north gate of Chester. The Abbey's lands in Crookhurst were in 1461 held by Henry Atherton of Bickerstaffe, and descended with this estate; ibid. ii, 668; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 68. The rent paid was 18d. William de Falling, probably the tenant of the Abbot of Cockersand, in 1308 held lands under the lord of Winstanley; Assize R. 423, m. 2. A later bearer of the name forfeited his lands for felony, but those he held of Cockersand were given up to the abbot in 1384; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, 356, 357. The Cockersand lands here, as in other places, were granted to Thomas Holt; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 288.
10. Christiana widow of Henry son of Quenilda sued Hugh de Crookhurst for dower in 12 acres; it was found that Adam de Knowsley held the land; Assize R. 404, m. 13. Crookhurst was the subject of an agreement in 1256 between William son of Hugh and Emma his wife, and Adam son of Hugh and Agnes his wife; Final Conc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 127. William son of Hugh is called William de Rainford in a suit of 1292; Assize R. 408, m. 61.
11. Final Conc. i, 114.
12. In 1278 William de Billinge complained that Henry de Huyton had destroyed one of his ditches in Billinge; Assize R. 1238, m. 35. Six or seven years later Adam de Billinge complained that Henry de Huyton and another had disseised him of his free tenement in Billinge; Assize R. 1268, m. 19 d. In 1290 it was Henry de Huyton who was plaintiff, regarding two-thirds of certain wood and moor, and iron mineral; Assize R. 1288, m. 12, 13. The defendants were Roger de Winstanley and Henry son of Ralph de Billinge; they made an exchange of lands in 1283, to which Hugh son of Ralph de Billinge was one of the witnesses; Cockersand Chart. ii, 659. Richard de Crookhurst in 1292 complained that Henry de Huyton, Adam de Billinge, and Roger de Winstanley had deprived him of estovers in 100 acres of wood for housebote and haybote—i.e. for burning, fencing, and building—pannage for his pigs, &c. Henry, in reply, said he was chief lord of two-thirds of the vill, and Roger of one-third; as chief lords they had approved from the waste, and the complainant, who was Henry's tenant, had sufficient estovers outside the approvement. He was non-suited; Assize R. 408, m. 12 d. Adam de Billinge's right in the manor is not here defined; it appears that he was the representative, and no doubt descendant, of the Simon of 1212. He should, therefore, have had a moiety of Henry de Huyton's two-thirds, and from another suit of 1292 it appears that he claimed the moiety of 50 acres of moor and wood from Henry de Huyton, here called de Rycroft, and others; ibid. m. 25. Nine years later the suit, or a similar one, appears in the rolls, Adam claiming the moiety of 60 acres of wood and waste. Henry de Huyton, the principal defendant—the others were William Bird and Alan son of Eva de Billinge—replied that he was lord of the two-thirds of Billinge and Adam of one-third; and they had agreed that the 60 acres should pertain to Henry, and another portion of the waste, called Catshurst, should belong to Adam. The jury found that Catshurst was only 12 acres, and that Henry had approved 40 acres, a share of which should be given to Adam; Assize R. 1321, m. 5 d. In the following year Adam de Billinge and Henry de Huyton were chief lords, the complainants being William de Huyton and Robert his brother; Assize R. 418, m. 10 d. A possible solution is that Winstanley, having become detached, paid 3s. 6d. rent to the lord of Newton; that the remaining 6s. 6d. was shared between Henry de Huyton and Adam de Billinge in the ratio of two to one, while they divided the land equally.
13. Robert and William de Huyton were among the defendants in a suit of 1309 affecting the boundaries of Billinge and Winstanley, Henry de Huyton and Adam de Billinge being also joined; Assize R. 423, m. 2. Four years later Robert de Huyton recovered from Henry de Huyton the manor of Billinge; Assize R. 424, m. 1 d. In 1321 William son of Robert de Huyton settled messuages and lands upon Robert de Huyton the elder for his life; Final Conc. ii, 41. The pedigree of the Huyton family is not clear; but Robert de Huyton the elder was probably a brother of Henry. Robert son of William brother of Henry de Huyton and Robert son of Henry de Huyton were last in the remainders of a settlement made by Ellen de Torbock in 1332; Croxteth D. Z, i, 4. In the same year Robert de Huyton and William de Billinge contributed to the subsidy; Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 26. Six years later Robert de Huyton of Billinge acquired some land in Ashton; Final Conc. ii, 108. Robert de Huyton of Billinge, probably a descendant, complained in 1348 of the damage which William Dawson of Billinge had done to property while he had it on lease; he had pulled down a hall worth £10, and two chambers worth £5 each, and cut down twenty apple-trees worth 20s. each, &c.; De Banco R. 355, m. 21; 356, m. 234 d. Four years later certain lands were held jointly by Alan the clerk of Rainford, whose wife was Agnes, and Robert son of Matthew de Huyton; Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 2 (Pent.), m. 2. Another defendant in the case was Isolda, widow of Roger de Winstanley and daughter of Roger (? Robert) de Huyton. Richard de Huyton appears in 1357; ibid. R. 6, m. 5.
14. By charter of June 1331 Robert de Huyton and Mary his wife granted an estate in Billinge to trustees, with remainders successively to their children, Henry, Richard, Isolda, Agnes and Avice. By 1363 Robert and Mary were dead, and Henry and Richard had died without issue; Isolda was the wife of William the clerk of Wigan, and her estate having been taken into the king's hands for some default of Eustace de Cottesbech, for whom her father had been a surety, she petitioned for restoration; L.T.R. Memo. R. 128, m. 5. Isolda seems to have been the widow of Roger de Winstanley; in 1363 Hugh de Winstanley sued William the clerk of Wigan and Isolda his wife for waste; De Banco R. 416, m. 299 d. It appears from the following that there was another daughter who shared the inheritance. From a plea of 1372 it is clear that the manor of Billinge, i.e. the Huyton half as previously explained, had become divided among four co-heirs and their issue; for Geoffrey de Wrightington and Ellen his wife, executors of the will of Robert de Winstanley (Ellen being the widow), in that year claimed dower from Henry de Scarisbrick as guardian of the land and heir of Robert de Billinge, from Richard de Heaton and Isolda his wife; and from Alan the Barker and Agnes his wife, each of the defendant parties holding a fourth part of the manor; De Banco R. 447, m. 184 d.; 454, m. 141. Alan the Barker may have succeeded Alan de Rainford, who, with Agnes his wife, had a quarter of a moiety of the manor in 1366, when it was settled upon them for their lives, with remainder to Robert del Eves and his heirs; Final Conc. ii, 172. It may be conjectured that this Robert was the son of Agnes by a former marriage. Thus the four coheirs were in 1374 represented by Winstanley, Billinge, Heaton and Eves, and each quarter would pay a rent of 1s. 1d. to the lord of Newton. Some further light on the descent is given by claims for debt made by the executors of the will of Sir John de Dalton in the next year against Geoffrey de Wrightington and Ellen his wife, executrix of the will of Robert de Win stanley; Geoffrey de Urmston, executor of the will of Joan, who had been wife and executrix of Robert de Billinge; Alan the Barker of Billinge, executor of the will of Margery, who was the wife and executrix of Robert de Staverley; and Robert de Huyton, executor of the will of Agnes, who was the wife of Alan de Rainford; De Banco R. 457, n. 186. 341 d.
15. Agnes de Rainford being dead, as appears in the last note, Robert del Eves came into possession, and was defendant in 1375; De Banco R. 459, m. 162. He died in or before 1398; having held Galfhey (?Gautley) in Billinge of Ralph de Langton, baron of Newton, in socage by the rent of 13d.; Nicholas, his son and heir, was twenty-four years of age; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 68. The heiress of this family married a Lathom of Mossborough; Visit. of 1613 (Chet. Soc.), 106; and in 1620 Henry Lathom died, holding messuages and lands in Billinge of the barony of Newton by a rent of 13d.; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 205; see also Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. x, no. 2.
16. The rent appears to be made up of 2s. 2d. due by the heir of Adam de Billinge, and 1s. due from the quarter of the manor inherited from the Huyton family. In a later inquisition the rent is given as 3s. 3d.; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 7. What is known of the Billinge family has been stated in previous notes. A member of the family married one of the Huyton co-heirs, while the heiress of the main branch appears to have married William de Heaton, son of the Richard de Heaton who held another quarter of the Huyton share. In 1398 a dispensation was granted for the marriage of Joan de Billinge with William de Heaton; Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.) xxxvii. B, 61; Dods. MSS. vii, fol. 326. In 1422 a settlement was made of the manor of Birchley and messuages and lands in Billinge, &c., the holders being William de Heaton and Joan his wife; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 5, m. 9. In 1530 Richard Heaton gave the manor of Billinge, and his messuages, mills, and lands there and in Birchley to trustees, for the benefit of his son William; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 151, m. 8.
17. In a fine of 1581 relating to Birchley and a quarter of the manor, James and Thurstan Anderton, sons of Christopher, were plaintiffs, and William Heaton and his sons Ralph and Richard, deforciants; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 43, m. 133. Previously, e.g., in 1542, the manor of Birchley had been included in the Heaton settlements; ibid. bdle. 12, m. 66, &c. James Anderton, of Lostock, died in 1613, seised among other properties of the capital messuage called Birchley Hall, and of various houses and lands in Billinge, held of the Baron of Newton, in socage, by a rent of 3s. 2d.; Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 26, 27. Roger, his younger brother, had Birchley by arrangement with his brother Christopher, of Lostock; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 94, m. 3, and note of Mr. Ince Anderton. In 1631 he paid £10 on refusing knighthood; Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 213. He was buried at Wigan, 1 Oct. 1640, and Anne, his widow, on 14 Sept. 1646. His son, James Anderton, of Gray's Inn, took arms for the king in the Civil War, and joined in the attack on Bolton. Though comprised within the articles of Ludlow he forebore to compound within the time fixed, being a recusant, though not convicted. In 1649 he petitioned to be allowed to compound. His estates were, however, confiscated, and included in the third act of sale, 1652; Index of Royalists (Index Soc.), 41; and Thomas Wharton purchased Birchley in the following year. Soon afterwards, however, a composition was arranged, the fine of £800 being reduced to £650 3s. 4d., and further afterwards; Royalist Comp. Papers i, 75–81. Captain Thurstan Anderton, another of the family, was wounded at the battle of Newbury, and died at Oxford, in Sept. 1643: Castlemain, Cath. Apology. Early in 1654, in a fine concerning the 'manor of Billinge,' James Anderton, Thomas Wharton, and Joseph Rigby were deforciants; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 153, m. 81. James Anderton died in 1673; Cavalier's Note Bk. 305. His only child was a daughter Elizabeth, who married John Cansfield of Cantsfield. A pedigree was recorded in 1664; Dugdale, Visit. 5.
18. Mary, the daughter and heir of the above John Cansfield, married Sir William Gerard, and in 1692 her lands were settled as the manors of Robert Hall and Cantsfield, and a fourth part of the manor of Billinge, with messuages and lands in these places, including Birchley; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 229, m. 109.
19. No pedigree was recorded. The earliest of this family known is Thomas Bispham, who in 1552 was one of various persons charged with destroying timber in Galtly Wood, and who early in 1558 made a settlement of three messuages, and other lands in Billinge and Rainford; Ducatus, i, 242; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 20, m. 112. Henry and Thomas, jun., appear in a fine of 1571; ibid, bdle. 33, m. 39. Two years later, Thomas Bispham (probably the younger, on succeeding), made a settlement of 4 messuages and lands in Billinge and Rainford; ibid. bdle. 35, m. 19. In 1600 he was among the freeholders of the township. William Bispham, who appears in 1628, on refusing knighthood paid £20 in 1631: Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 212. He died 10 Oct. 1639, holding lands in Orrell and Billinge, the latter of the Baron of Newton by a rent of 13d., the regular rent for a fourth part of the manor; his son and heir, Samuel, was of full age; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 97. William Bispham of Billinge married a niece of Bishop Bridgeman's; Wigan Ch. 348. See also Fun. Certs. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 198, for further particulars of the family; Samuel Bispham was one of King Charles's physicians in ordinary, and had a son and heir, Thomas, aged 18 months at his grandfather's death. In 1641 the manors of Orrell and Billinge, and messuages, windmill, and lands there were the subject of a settlement by Samuel Bispham, esq.; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 139, n. 32. Thomas Bispham died 22 Sept. 1677, aged 40; Wigan Ch. 746; and another of the same name followed, for Frances Bispham, widow of Thomas, and Thomas Bispham were vouchees in a recovery of the manors in 1703; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 477, m. 6. Frances died at the end of the same year; Wigan Ch. loc. cit.
20. Thomas Bispham had an only daughter and heir Margaret, who about 1731 married Thomas Owen; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 532, m. 7; Feet of F. bdle. 307, m. 8; Wigan Ch. 746.
21. Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdles. 368, m. 64; 371, m. 137; Plea R. 599, m. 12; the 'manor or lordship of Orrell, a fourth part of the manor or lordship or reputed manor or lordship of Billinge, with lands, &c., in Orrell, Billinge, Upholland, Rainford, and Wigan.' Holt Leigh died 11 March 1785, aged 55, and was buried at St. Clement Danes, London; his widow Mary died 28 Nov. 1794, aged 53; Wigan Ch. 745, 746. Bispham Hall was about 1850 the property of John Holt; Raines, in Gastrell's Notitia, ii, 254.
22. A pedigree, imperfect, was recorded in 1665; Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 30. John Billinge was in 1590 reported as 'soundly affected in religion' Lydiate Hall, 246. He was a trustee in 1573, and Richard Billinge was a freeholder in 1600. His grandson, another Richard, recorded the pedigree, being then 52 years of age. As a 'papist' two-thirds of his estate fell into the hands of the Parliamentary authorities, and in 1652 the whole was sequestered; on inquiry it was found that his estate in Wigan parish had been sequestered for recusancy, and that in Ormskirk parish for recusancy and delinquency. Afterwards he petitioned to be allowed to compound; Royalist Comp. Papers, i, 173; Cal. of. Com. for Compounding, iv, 3102. His son John was aged 17 in 1665, and in 1691 Frances Bispham, widow, purchased from John Billinge and Margaret his wife, and Margery Billinge, widow, the fifth part of the manor of Billinge, with houses, windmill, dovecote, and lands in Billinge and Rainford; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 226, m. 44. This 'fifth part' of the manor is named in a later fine, Holt Leigh being possessor; ibid. bdle. 368, m. 64.
23. This family may be the Winstanleys of Blackley Hurst, a detached part of the township of Winstanley.
24. In a recovery of the fourth part of the manor of Billinge in 1729 Hugh Holme was vouchee; this was before his marriage with the Bankes heiress; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 528, m. 8. It has since descended like Winstanley; ibid. Aug. Assizes, 1803, R. 10.
25. Mascy of Rixton D.
26. Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 240, 243. John Wood in 1570 acquired lands in Billinge, Windle, and Winstanley from Richard Cowper, and ten years later made further purchases from Ralph and Richard Heaton; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 32, m. 51; 42, m. 143. The Orrells of Turton held lands, as appears by various suits recorded in Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), i, 242. For a Molyneux family, holding under Fleetwood, see Lancs. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 128.
27. Norris D. (B.M.).
28. List in possession of W. Farrer, containing also a catalogue of the charterers.
29. Engl. Cath. Nonjurors, 124, 125, 151. The son of Richard and Elizabeth Mather is described as a Protestant. In addition, Francis Estcourt of Birchley registered an annuity of £33 from a house in Ashton in Makerfield; ibid. 151.
30. The documents referred to are printed in Canon Bridgeman's Wigan Ch. 749–57. The dedication of the chapel is unknown. In the earliest record, 1539–40, the priest in charge is called the vicar of Billinge; op. cit. 750. Nothing but 'one little bell' belonged to it in 1552; Ch. Gds. (Chet. Soc.), 75.
31. Wigan Ch. 751. It is possible that the chapel was not used in the time of Edward VI, there being no 'ornaments' in 1552, and that James Winstanley had acquired some title to the building, or claimed a chief rent. As to his opponents, it is obvious that they would use the argument most likely to move the queen. In the will of James Winstanley of Winstanley, made 12 Mar. 1555–6, and proved at Chester 19 Dec. 1557, he expressed a desire to be buried 'within the holy sepulchre in the parish church of Wigan.'
32. Gibson, Lydiate Hall, 348; quoting S.P. Dom. Eliz. ccxxxv, 4. A similar report was made about 1610; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 13.
33. Wigan Ch. 754; Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 184.
34. Commonw. Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 62; the salary was £50. An augmentation of stipend to the amount of £30 was granted in 1656; Plund. Mins. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 145.
35. Wigan Ch. loc. cit.
36. Ibid. Bishop Gastrell about this time found the income of the curate to be £34 0s. 8d., of which £6 was paid by the rector, and the remainder was the interest of various benefactions, £15 coming from Eddleston House, an estate bequeathed by John Eddleston in 1672, and containing a stone delph set for £2. A chief rent of £1 was payable to Mr. Blackburn. One warden was appointed; Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 253.
37. Wigan Ch. 755.
38. Ibid. 756; Lond. Gaz. 8 Dec. 1882.
39. Wigan Ch. 756, 757. The first who was formally licensed to the cure was Humphrey Whalley, in 1708. Most of the earlier ones, therefore, except during the Commonwealth, were probably curates of Wigan who read the service at Billinge on Sundays.
40. He was merely a 'reader' in 1609 (Raines MSS. xxii, 298), but contributed to the subsidy of 1622 as curate; Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 65.
41. He was a 'very honest, godly minister, and of good life and conversation, but kept not the fast day appointed by Act of Parliament'; Commonw. Ch. Surv. 63.
42. There is probably some error in Canon Bridgeman's list at this point, as Humphrey Tudor's name does not appear in Bishop Stratford's visitation list of 1691. In 1689 Nathan Golborne was 'minister' at Billinge, and was 'conformable'; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 228. In Stratford's list he is described as curate of Wigan, ordained in 1686. He is probably the Goulburn of Canon Bridgeman. He was buried at Warrington 12 Mar. 1691–2.
43. While at Billinge he renounced Calvinism, became a Universalist, and left the Established Church. He died in 1858; Axon, Manch. Annals, 275. Later he returned to the Church, but was not again beneficed.
44. In 1717 the families in the chapelry numbered 178, ten being 'papists' and fourteen Dissenters (ten Presbyterian and four Quakers). There were ninety-four 'papists' in 1767. See Gastrell, Notitia, ii, 253; Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xviii.
45. The details in this paragraph are chiefly from the Liverpool Cath. Annual, 1901.


City water managers always think ahead. That's why the Phoenix Metropolitan area has weathered a 15-year drought and is prepared for possible water shortages in the future. This habit of thinking ahead has prompted the creation of an unlikely collaboration. It is called the Phoenix-Tucson Water Partnership and eventually would help both cities bolster water supplies in times of shortages.
Different systems: Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water to both Phoenix and Tucson.
Different needs: Tucson ultimately needs to expand its recharge basins. Phoenix ultimately needs to store and recover water more cost-effectively.
How the cities could help each other: Phoenix (and possibly other partners, including other Valley cities) would help to fund the expansion of Tucson's recharge basins. Phoenix would store a portion of its unused Colorado River water at the expanded Tucson facility. The additional water in storage would help to raise the groundwater table in the Tucson area. A higher water table means pumps wouldn't need as much energy to work and that saves Tucson money.
In times of future water shortages, instead of using its own Colorado River water, Tucson would pump Phoenix's stored water. In exchange, an equivalent amount of Tucson's Colorado River water would be delivered to Phoenix's water treatment plants. Phoenix would save money by not building and operating additional underground storage and pumping facilities.
What's happening now? Phoenix has signed agreements to initiate a pilot project this year with Tucson and Metropolitan Domestic Water Improvement District, a smaller water provider north of Tucson.
In the next year or two, Phoenix's stored water will be recovered and delivered to Tucson and Metro water customers. In return, Phoenix will receive an equal amount of water from Tucson's and Metro's allocations of CAP water. The water would be delivered directly to Phoenix water treatment plants.
Phoenix likes to say it is a city built for drought. That means, it is a city always looking ahead.


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Salmon and Other Fish
Home Topics Invasive Species Articles & Stories Print-friendly
But a weed is simply a plant that wants to grow where people want something else. In blaming nature, people mistake the culprit. Weeds are people's idea, not nature's. (Author unknown.)
Next to habitat loss, invasive species pose the greatest threat to the survival of native biota in the United States, and many other areas of the world.
Invasive species are those plants, animals, and microbes not native to a region that, when introduced either accidentally or intentionally, out-compete native species for available resources, reproduce prolifically, and dominate regions and ecosystems. Because they often arrive in new areas unaccompanied by their native predators, invasive species can be difficult to control. Left unchecked, many invasives have the potential to transform entire ecosystems, as native species and those that depend on them for food, shelter, and habitat disappear.
For more information, visit the Oregon Invasive Species Council's Invasive Species webpage listing the 100 most dangerous invasive species to Oregon.
Oregon Invasive Species Council. Oregon Invasive Species Council Action Plan 2012–2016. January 2012.
California Native Plant Society. Conservation program: invasive exotics. Sacramento, CS: The Society. 2007.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Protecting Oregon's Native Wildlife and Habitat. Salem, OR, The Department.
Oregon Public Broadcasting. The Silent Invasion.
USDA National Agricultural Library - Oregon: Invasive Species Info Page.
State of Oregon - Oregon Invasive Species Council.
Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife - Oregon Invasive Species Action Plan.
Compiled by John Ame, Science Writer (2007)
Topics and places: Coast Range, Invasive Species
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TanDEM-X - A New High Resolution Interferometric SAR Mission
The main objective of the TanDEM-X mission is to generate an accurate three-dimensional image of Earth that is homogeneous in quality and unprecedented in accuracy. At present, the elevation models that are available for large parts of Earth are of low resolution, inconsistent or incomplete. In addition, they are commonly based on different data sources and survey methods. TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement, is designed to close these gaps and deliver a homogenous elevation model that should prove indispensable for many scientific and commercial applications. Orbiting Earth at an altitude of around 500 kilometres, the two nearly-identical radar satellites have begun mapping its surface.
The first of the two, TerraSAR-X, has been operating since 2007. Three years years on, it has been joined by its twin satellite, TanDEM-X. Flying in close formation only a few hundred metres apart, the two satellites are imaging the terrain below them simultaneously, from different angles. These images are processed into accurate elevation maps with a 12-metre resolution and a vertical accuracy better than 2 metres. The amount of data generated by the satellites will grow to 1.5 petabytes within three years, corresponding to a storage capacity of almost 200,000 DVDs. Like the TerraSAR-X mission, TanDEM-X is a project developed under a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Center, DLR, and Astrium GmbH based in Friedrichshafen, Germany.
The TanDEM-X mission
The TanDEM-X mission will survey all 150 million square kilometres of Earth's land surface several times over during its three-year mission. Apart from its high measuring-point density (a 12-metre grid) and high vertical accuracy (better than two metres), the elevation model generated by TanDEM-X will have another unrivalled advantage – being entirely homogenous, it will serve as a basis for maps that are globally consistent. Conventional maps are often fragmented along national borders, or difficult to reconcile as they are based on different survey methods or because of time lags between survey campaigns.
Together TanDEM-X and TerraSAR-X are form the first configurable synthetic aperture radar interferometer in space. Besides this primary goal, the mission has several secondary objectives based on new and innovative methods such as along-track interferometry, polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry, digital beamforming and bistatic radar. The TanDEM-X satellite follows the TerraSAR-X design with minor modifications such as an additional cold gas propulsion system (powered by high-pressure nitrogen gas) to enable fine-tuning of its relative position during formation flying and an additional S-band receiver to receive status and position information sent by TerraSAR-X. The TanDEM-X satellite has been designed for a nominal lifetime of five years and has a planned overlap with TerraSAR-X of three years. TerraSAR-X holds consumables and resources for up to seven years of operation however, potentially allowing for a prolongation of the overlap and the duration of the TanDEM-X mission
A German key project
Following in the footsteps of European radar satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and TerraSAR-X, as well as the joint US-German-Italian Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew on the Space Shuttle and the US Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, TanDEM-X seeks to support scientific and commercial applications of radar-based Earth observation. Demonstrating Germany's expertise in satellite-based radar technology, the mission is the result of a long-term focus in Germany's national space programme. The German Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology has funded the project (code 50 EP 0603).
The TanDEM-X mission is financed and implemented as a public-private partnership between DLR German Aerospace Center and Airbus Defence and Space. Funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under the ID code 50 EP 0603, TanDEM-X is a Public Private Partnership (PPP) project conducted jointly by DLR andAirbus Defence and Space. DLR is responsible for providing TanDEM-X data to the scientific community, mission planning and implementation, radar operation and calibration, control of the two satellites, and generation of the digital elevation model. To this end, DLR has developed the necessary ground-based facilities. The project's scientific coordination has been entrusted to the DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute in Oberpfaffenhofen. Airbus Defence and Space built the satellite and shares the cost of its development and use. The programme line "Geo-Intelligence", part of the "Communication, Intelligence & security" business line of Airbus Defence and Space is responsible for commercial marketing of the data from both missions, TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X.
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Extreme(ly Bad) Makeover, Abe Lincoln Edition: Late-Night Comedy Roundup
Jay Leno says the Great Emancipator still can't get decent security, even 148 years later — and more.
Ross Gianfortune
Real Time's Bill Maher started to examine the implications of legislation surrounding the National Security Agency's surveillance, but stopped mid-sentence to talk about the royal baby and his lack of interest in the huge news story from earlier in the week.
On NBC, The Tonight Show's Jay Leno looked at the connections between American politicians and a recent MIT experiment implanting false memories in rats. Leno also examined the new Transportation Security Administration's PreCheck program, saying it would be "money well-spent" for terrorist organizations and mentioned Barack Obama's speech on the economy last week. Late Night's Jimmy Fallon presented a taped piece on the speech, as well.
With the news that the Lincoln Memorial was vandalized last week, both Maher and Leno joked about the DC landmark. Maher compared Lincoln's legacy to the two major American political parties, while Leno joked about Lincoln's security.
Fast forward to 2:20 to see Maher and Leno joke about the vandalization of the statue of Honest Abe.
Read more from Government Executive.
Ross Gianfortune is a senior web producer at Government Executive. He previously worked at The Washington Post, The Gazette Newspapers, and WXRT Radio.


Courses in this category refer to the Researcher Development Framework Domain D: Engagement, Influence and Impact.
This refers to the knowledge and skills to work with others and ensure the wider impact of research.
Essential Teaching Skills is a new four-part course. To receive a certificate of completion you must undertake parts A, B and D and at least one of part C (C1 and/or C2, whichever combination is most appropriate to the type(s) of teaching you will be undertaking). Participants should undertake Part A online before attending the remaining parts.
Please note that Essential Teaching Skills has built significantly upon the previous course, known only as "Teaching Skills", and parts A, B and C do not map onto the equivalent lettered parts of the old course. Therefore if you completed parts A and B of "Teaching Skills", you cannot finish that course by taking part C of "Essential Teaching Skills". If you have started but not finished the old Teaching Skills course, please get in touch with the Graduate School (pgrtraining@lboro.ac.uk) for guidance.
This session will provide an overview of how to design and produce an effective conference poster as well as providing guidance on how to present your poster to viewers.
This workshop will give researchers a knowledge and understanding of the university's enterprise agenda and strategy with respect to research. It will focus on how and why researchers should be aware of the impact of their research including its potential non-commercial and commercial importance.
Creating and delivering effective oral presentations can take time and practice. This course will cover a wide range of topics and ideas to help attendees improve their presentations skills for maximum impact and audience engagement.
This workshop will help you to effectively communicate your research to people from outside of your research field.
This workshop will examine different roles in a team and ask you to consider your preferred role(s) when working in a team. You will get an opportunity to explore different roles whilst undertaking some team tasks.
This course provides information on the peer review process of academic journal papers. The different steps of the peer review process are outlined and guidance provided on how to avoid common pitfalls, how to get the most from critical feedback and how to respond to peer reviewer comments.
Getting your research outputs published and noticed is the key to a successful academic career. Take time to reflect on the most appropriate dissemination channels and learn about the pros and cons of indicators for measuring success.
Open access is growing in importance when using and disseminating research. How can it impact on doctoral researchers? This session will explain what open access is and how it impacts on research practice and dissemination.
Café Academique: This event is a chance to hear PhD students presenting their research in a relaxed, informal setting. Presenters will take questions and debate their findings with the audience. At the end of the evening a buffet meal is provided, allowing presenters and audience the opportunity to relax and chat about their research.
An interactive practical workshop for academics early career researchers or PhDs to help them get the best out of media encounters. Includes techniques for answering difficult or hostile questions and on-camera interview exercises, analysed in a constructive and supportive environment.


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Singapore Football
Sundram: I'm still the right man for Lions job
National coach V Sundram Moorthy (above) has won just two of his 19 matches in charge of the Lions.TNP FILE PHOTO
Under-fire national coach asks for patience as he plots upturn in fortunes
Sports Correspondent
The dream gig has morphed into a nightmare 11-match winless run, and the national team have slipped to an all-time low of No. 173 in the Fifa world rankings.
But beleaguered Lions coach V Sundram Moorthy believes he remains the right man for the job.
Ahead of Thursday's international friendly against Lebanon and next Tuesday's Asian Cup qualifier against Bahrain, the 52-year-old told The New Paper that the Lions are on the right track.
He said before yesterday's training session at the Geylang Lorong 12 pitch: "We played well against strong teams like Hong Kong and Turkmenistan in recent games.
"We can see the improved performances in the draws and narrow defeats.
"I believe if we go in this direction, the results will come.
Fandi's Young Lions held 0-0 by Sundram's Laos
Leonard Thomas: Stick with Sundram, FAS
Bahrain coach on Lions: If you just wait, you're the chicken
Sundram insists Lions have improved despite wretched run
"And when I say they will continue to improve, it also means I have belief in my coaching philosophy."
It has not been smooth-sailing for Sundram since he took over from Bernd Stange as Lions ringmaster in May 2016, before being awarded a two-year extension this March.
There have been some bright sparks, which include a defiant 0-0 draw away at Bahrain in March, before a switch to a three-man defence inspired better attacking displays in the 1-1 home draws against Hong Kong and Turkmenistan in August and September respectively. But victories have been hard to come by for Sundram.
In 19 "A" internationals under his charge, Singapore have recorded just a pair of 1-0 wins, over Myanmar in his first game and against Cambodia last November, scoring 11 and conceding 32.
The Lions were eliminated from the group stages at the Suzuki Cup last November with just a point, and they have only two points from four Group E qualifiers against Bahrain, Turkmenistan and Taiwan, which leaves Sundram winless in all seven competitive matches.
And the man known as the Dazzler during the '80s and '90s for his deft dribbles and silky skills is being held responsible for what critics perceive to be dull and defensive football from the Lions.
NEVER-SAY-DIE SPIRIT
But if there is a trait he has retained from his playing days, it is his never-say-die spirit.
"From the very first day I signed, there was already pressure to do the job," said Sundram with a laugh.
"International football is totally different from domestic football in terms of intensity and quality of opponents.
"Still, we have competed well against most of our opponents.
"Results-wise, the Suzuki Cup and the Asian Cup qualifiers have been disappointing, but we need to keep working at it, bring through younger players and move forward, and better results will come."
Bottom of Group E, five points behind second-placed Turkmenistan, and with just two qualifiers left, Sundram knows the Lions need to beat Bahrain at the National Stadium next Tuesday just to retain a slim chance of making it to the 2019 Asian Cup.
While they need maximum points, Sundram is unlikely to opt for an all-out attack approach against opponents they have never beaten in an "A" international, and who also need a win to be sure of qualification.
He said: "We will play a strong Lebanon side, who beat North Korea 5-0 and Hong Kong 2-0 this year, in a friendly to prepare ourselves physically and mentally for Bahrain.
"We need to win, but we have to be smart about how we approach the match tactically.
"It's not a defence-first approach, but we have to be tactically disciplined.
"We had every chance to beat Taiwan and Turkmenistan at home if we had stayed focused."
V Sundramoorthysuzuki cupasian cup
davidlee@sph.com.sg
Read articles by David Lee


In Havelock we currently have one public library. EveryLibrary.com includes information on the following public libraries in Havelock, Iowa. Choose a library in Havelock for more information on the resources available including books, digital media, movies, computer resources, budget information and directions.
This library is a Central Library serving a population of 509 offering 10,591 books to 1,720 annual patrons.


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James Arthur New Single: Former 'X Factor' Champ Reveals Comeback Song 'Kryptonite' (LISTEN)
Rachel McGrath— The Huffington Post UK
17/10/2014 06:08am BST | Updated October 17, 2014
After a few quiet months, James Arthur is set to make his comeback, with a new single titled 'Kryptonite'.
James hasn't exactly had the easiest year and the single marks a fresh start for the former 'X Factor' champion.
'Kryptonite' has been created with the producer Grimez and the track is set to mix rock'n'roll with grime and hip-hop styles.
The track will get its first full airing on Friday night, during DJ Target's 1Xtra show.
Speaking of the collaboration, James states: "Having heard and loved Rymez' work and hearing how diverse he can be, I was excited to get a chance to work together."
Earlier this year, James parted ways with Simon Cowell's record label, Syco, however that hasn't stopped him from creating new tracks and going on a European tour.
After delighting crowds at V Festival, James spoke backstage about how he's coped with his various controversies, admitting that he needs to focus on having a positive attitude.
'Kryptonite' is out on Sunday 18 October. Listen to a preview above...
James Arthur's Career Highs And Lows
uk celebrityJames ArthurJames Arthur new singleJames Arthur new songukmusic


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You are here: Home » Blog » Press Releases » Businesses need to make productivity a priority to improve growth
Businesses need to make productivity a priority to improve growth
Moore Thompson has said that recent official figures show that the UK has a problem with encouraging productivity in the workplace.
The latest figures released by the Office for National Statistics shows that UK productivity fell by 1.2 per cent in the last quarter of 2015.
The biggest decline was in the manufacturing sector, where output per hour fell by two per cent. The service sector also experience a decline of 0.7 per cent per hour, yet this figure was still 1.1 per cent higher than a year earlier.
Mark Hildred, Managing Partner at East of England-based accountants Moore Thompson, said that productivity is a key element of business growth, but added that businesses across the UK were struggling to improve productivity.
"For the last few years, productivity in the UK has been severely in decline. It is often the case in the businesses that we speak to that workers feel they should be earning more for the work they do," said Mark
"And yet many businesses find it hard to justify increasing wages without demonstrable benefits in productivity, leaving many owners in a Catch 22 situation."
Mark added that productivity wasn't the only sign of a successful business and that other factors had a part to play, but said that some businesses could be doing more to improve processes and the work environment to make employees more productive.
"It is hard to admit it when you're running a company, but sometimes owners and managers could do with some professional help. This shouldn't be viewed as an admission of defeat, but more as an investment in future success," concluded Mark.
To find out more about Moore Thompson's business advice services, please call 01775 711333 or contact us.
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New insulin pill could end daily injections for diabetes patients
Researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a capsule strong enough to survive stomach acid.
Lucia Binding
News reporter @luciabinding
Wednesday 9 October 2019 11:00, UK
Image: People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough insulin
A revolutionary insulin pill could prevent the millions of people living with type 1 diabetes from taking daily injections, researchers have said.
Scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a capsule strong enough to survive the journey through the gastrointestinal tract.
When the pill is ingested and reaches the small intestine, it breaks down into dissolving microneedles that attach to the intestinal wall, releasing the drug into the bloodstream.
Previous attempts to give patients insulin in pill form have failed because they cannot withstand stomach acid and release the hormone too early.
In tests in pigs, the 1.18in (30mm) capsule, loaded with the same amount of insulin as an injection, was able to deliver insulin to the bloodstream just as fast.
Image: X-ray images (top left) show the capsule in the intestine. Right pictures show the arms unfolded to reveal the microneedles. Pic: MIT
"We designed the arms such that they maintained sufficient strength to deliver the insulin microneedles to the small intestine wall, while still dissolving within several hours to prevent obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract," the paper's lead author Professor Ester Caffarel-Salvador said.
The pill is coated with a polymer that can survive the highly acidic environment of the stomach before reaching the small intestine where it needs to dissolve.
Diabetics to get 'artificial pancreas' on NHS which injects insulin via body-worn tracker
US regulator approves teplizumab which can delay the onset of Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes patients testing 'artificial pancreas' technology on the NHS
The protective layer, which is designed to dissolve at a pH greater than 5.5, will then break away and the capsule will unfold into a triangle shape with three arms.
Each arm is coated with several 1mm-long needles which pump the drug directly into the bloodstream after latching onto the intestinal wall, beginning the process of lowering blood sugar levels.
"A lot of this work is motivated by the recognition that both patients and health care providers prefer the oral route of administration over the injectable one," said senior co-author and gastroenterologist Dr Giovanni Traverso.
The new capsule could represent an important step toward achieving oral delivery of protein drugs, which has been a huge challenge for decades.
Professor Robert Langer, senior author of the paper, from MIT said: "We are really pleased with the latest results of the new oral delivery device."
He said that the research team "look forward to hopefully seeing it help people with diabetes and others in the future".
People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce enough insulin, which controls blood glucose. This causes the level of glucose to become too high, resulting in them needing daily injections of insulin to keep blood sugar levels under control.
Those with type 2 diabetes - which is linked to obesity and inactivity - are not typically prescribed insulin because their bodies are able to naturally produce it.


As firefighters struggle to get deadly wildfires under control in Northern California, San Diego County and City officials marked the 10th anniversary of the 2007 Wildfires and called upon residents to do their part to prepare for another emergency.
The officials addressed the topic at Gillespie Field in El Cajon with regional emergency partners. The message is especially timely as the San Diego region is facing peak fire conditions, Santa Ana winds, dried out grasses and vegetation in the backcountry, and high temperatures just as it did in 2007.
Adding to the urgency, the County Office of Emergency Services commissioned a survey of nearly 1,100 residents earlier this year to ask them how prepared they were, so responses could be compared to a similar survey taken in 2007. The results showed that only half of residents asked this year were prepared to evacuate their home within 15 minutes, as compared to 74 percent who said they were ready in 2007.
San Diego now has more locally stationed resources to fight a wildfire than any other region in the nation. While emergency officials cited major improvements in fire protection, coordination and resource sharing regionwide since the October 2007 wildfires, they said the personal preparedness survey results were concerning.
Residents were encouraged to create a personal disaster plan, practice evacuating with their family, register all cell phones with AlertSanDiego, talk with neighbors, and take steps around their home to create defensible space — except when it is too risky to operate power equipment outside because it might spark a fire.
Perhaps one of the most heartfelt pleas for personal preparedness came from Michelle Grimaldo, who lost her home in the 2007 Wildfires. She fought back tears at times recounting how she and her husband and mother had to evacuate twice, once in the middle of the night. They parked in a cleared field with the fire burning all around them. Grimaldo said she was convinced they were going to die that day and they all hugged as if they were saying goodbye. Yet, they survived.
"The tragic fires up north reiterated to my husband and I that we need to be vigilant, we need to be prepared, we need to have a plan," Grimaldo said. "And I've been hearing that here right now, about defensible space, making sure you have your property cleared at least 100 feet — if you can, more. Get to know your neighbors, have a game plan for an escape, have an evacuation route–in case you do live on a road that only has one way out, what else are you going to do?
"Give yourself a fighting chance if disaster strikes. Give the firefighters the best possible advantage to save your home. Listen to the police and firefighters when they tell you to evacuate. Don't risk your life for things. Take it from us, things can be replaced," Grimaldo said.
The Witch Fire, Harris Fire and other blazes a decade ago killed seven people, gutted thousands of structures, burned 580 square miles and triggered the largest evacuation San Diego County has ever seen. The first fires ignited on Oct. 21.
Tony Mecham, San Diego County Fire and CAL FIRE Unit Chief said the wildfire updates in Northern California reminded him of working as a commander during the Harris Fire in 2007. He reflected back on the fatalities, the three other firefighters who were critically burned, and evacuating 22 severely burned people on that incident in that first 72 hours.
Mecham said Plan A is everybody taking personal preparedness steps and being ready to evacuate when needed.
In addition to showing a declining level of readiness to evacuate in the 2017 citizen preparedness survey, only 38 percent said they have an emergency plan in case of a disaster, down from 50 percent in 2007. The County Office of Emergency Services is putting the finishing touches on the survey and expects to release the complete results next month.
San Diego Fire Chief Brian Fennessey said the survey results that show personal preparedness has declined are not good news.
Residents can go to ReadySanDiego.org to learn how to prepare for wildfires, register for AlertSanDiego and learn how to download the SDEmergency App. Residents can also visit Ready, Set, Go! to learn what to do to get ready for wildfire.


Caribbean rum, green chai syrup, pineapple zomo, lime, pear. Garnish: pear.
Vodka, pepper, salt, lemon, tomato juice. Garnish: celery / lemon.
Cachaca, lime, sugar. Garnish: lime.
Cachaca, lime, sugar, fruits. Garnish: lime, fruits.
Cuban white rum, sugar, lime, mint, soda. Garnish: mint and lime.
Cuban white rum, sugar, lime, mint / strawberry / raspberry / mango / watermelon / fruits of passion / soda. Garnish: mint and lime.
Blackberries, mint, white vermouth, Saint Germain, orange bitter, egg white, cava. Garnish: mint.
Vodka, raspberry liqueur, lemon juice, egg white. Garnish: dwells.
White rum, pineapple juice, Malibu, mangaroca. Garnish: pineapple.
Pisco, lemon juice, liquid sugar, egg white. Garnish: angostura and cilantro.
Vodka, peach liqueur, orange juice, pineapple juice, dand of grenadine. Garnish: orange.
Tequila, green chai, grapefruit juice, lime, apple, vanilla. Garnish: apple.
Bourbon, lemon, sugar. Garnish: orange peel.
Geneva, dry vermouth. Garnish: lemon twist.
Vodka, Cointreau, blueberries, lime. Garnish: orange twist.
Rye whiskey, red vermouth, bitters, maraschino cherry. Garnish: orange peel.
Blackberries, strawberry puree, raspberry puree, white rum, liquid sugar, lemon foam. Garnish: strawberry, blackberry, raspberry.
Blackberries / Raspberries, Grand Marnier, vodka, lime, chai, chocolate syrup, soda. Garnish: blackberry and raspberry.
Rye whiskey, red vermouth, bitters. Garnish: orange.
White rum, dark rum, orange liqueur, almond syrup, orange juice, pineapple juice, grenadine. Garnish: pineapple, mint, cherry.
Zacapa 23, Campari, pineapple juice, liquid sugar, grenadine. Garnish: pineapple and cherry.
Vodka, Kalhua, liquid sugar, coffee cup. Garnish: coffee beans.
Vodka, passoa, fruit of passion, lemon. Garnish: fruit of passion.
Vodka, liquid sugar, Martini dry, mango. Garnish: fruits.
Vodka, liquid sugar, Martini dry, litchi. Garnish: fruits.
Strawberries, thyme branches, dark rum, lime, liquid sugar. Garnish: thyme.
Pure tangerine, honey syrup, chocolate liqueur, lime, Bacardi rum, cumquat. Garnish: dwells.
Based on our craft red vermouth with a slightly touch of grandma's rose & queen jam and the sourness of lime plus other secret ingredients. This cocktail is proven to be one of our best.
You can be the author of your cocktail by choosing the ingredients that you like the most. This will be the cocktail of your dream.


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Kona Coffee Beans: History, Flavors & Brewing Tips
Kona coffee is one of Hawaii's most famous products — after macadamia nuts and pineapples, of course. But what's so special about these beans, and why are they so expensive?
We're taking a closer look at Kona coffee, from where it grows to what it tastes like. We also have recommendations for where to buy your first bag!
Ready to brew a cup of Kona? Take a look at our 10 favorite Kona coffee brands!
Where does Kona coffee come from?
All Kona coffee grows on Hawaii's Big Island, on the slopes of the Hualalai and Mauna Loa volcanoes. Volcanic soil is full of nutrients, and the climate in Hawaii is especially well suited for coffee growing. To be considered Kona coffee, the beans have to be grown in the specific Kona region, which is an area about 30 miles long and 1 mile wide. Just like Scotch has to be made in Scotland, Kona coffee has to grow in Kona! This limitation is part of the reason why Kona coffee only makes up about 1% of the world's coffee.
Coffee plants growing in Hawaii.
Coffee first arrived in Hawaii back in 1817, but it didn't take hold until a few decades later. In 1873, Kona coffee garnered its first awards at the Vienna World's Fair. Twenty years later, a man named Hermann Widemann introduced coffee plants from Guatemala to the islands. To this day, those beans — called Kona typica — are the most popular type of coffee in Hawaii!
Fast forward to the 20th century, and Kona coffee begins to gain a specialty foothold. Army coffee purchases in World War II combined with crop-destroying frosts in Brazil to drive up Hawaiian coffee prices. From the 1980s on, Kona coffee has been known as a gourmet specialty bean — and priced accordingly.
The unique Hawaiian landscape is well-suited to growing coffee.
Kona coffee typically costs between $20 and $25 per pound, which is quite a bit more than coffee from most of the world. Part of the reason for this is that labor costs are higher in Hawaii than in countries like Costa Rica or Ethiopia. The growing conditions in Hawaii are unique, which means coffee flavors you won't find anywhere else. And the very small Kona region means that production is limited. If you remember your econ 101, when supply is low, prices usually go up!
All of that and these beans also have a special allure, much like Jamaican Blue Mountain or Kopi Luwak coffee. Before third-wave coffee came on the scene, Kona was one of the first specialty coffees known for being gourmet and worth seeking out.
Image Credit: nathan dumlao, Unsplash
What does Kona coffee taste like?
High-quality Kona coffee isn't overly complex and has a light, bright flavor with a hint of acidity. You may notice wine-like or even spicy notes, and there's a powerful, rich aroma.
Should you try Kona coffee?
We're always fans of trying something at least once. If you have room in your budget, picking up a bag of Kona beans can be a fun treat. But before you buy, you'll want to make sure you're getting real Kona coffee. Stick with trustworthy companies based in the Kona region!
A post shared by Royal Kona Coffee (@royalkonacoffee)
We recommend Hawaii Coffee Company's Royal Kona, a 50-year-old coffee company with a coffee mill in Captain Cook, Kona. The company offers 100% Kona and 10% Kona blends so you can choose the beans that fit your budget and tastes. You can even buy a decaf 10% Kona!
We hope this comprehensive guide helps you understand all the hype around Kona coffee. It's a specialty bean grown in a small, volcanic region of Hawaii. You can expect a bright, smooth flavor and a very impressive aroma. Just be prepared to pay quite a bit for this unusual coffee — whether or not you opt for private reserve or peaberry versions!
RELATED READS:
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Kate Beans
10 Best Nespresso VertuoLine Pods & Capsules 2022 – Top Picks & Reviews
We know that it can be difficult to search through the variety of VertuoLine pods and capsules. This is one of the nicest things about
Coffee Grades 101: Understanding Defects & Bean Quality
Aaron Beans
What Is Bourbon Coffee?
Singapore Coffee: History, Flavors & Ordering Tips


Scholarships and stipends can reduce your stress and expand your opportunities. The College of Arts and Sciences offers both merit- and need-based awards to students at all stages in their education.
Scholarships are available for well-prepared incoming freshmen and select transfer students. Many awards are renewable for a second academic year (criteria vary).
Complete the general WSU scholarship application to be considered for these awards and many more scholarship awards across the University. The annual deadline is January 31 for the following academic year. But don't wait for word on your acceptance to WSU! You can complete the scholarship application at any time before the January 31 deadline. Applications for 2020-2021 will open in December 2019.
To be eligible for a scholarship from the College of Arts and Sciences, you must indicate an interest in a major offered by the college when you fill out the application.
Transfer students who anticipate certifying in a major in the College of Arts and Sciences upon entering WSU are also eligible to apply. However, you should contact the academic unit in writing and indicate that you have submitted the college scholarship application.
Details on the required audition can be found on the School of Music website.
The College of Arts and Sciences also offers numerous scholarships to currently enrolled undergraduate students, as well as several for graduate students. Eligibility varies and often requires certification in a particular major. Many of these scholarships are funded through alumni donations and memorial gifts.
Current students may also be eligible for general university scholarships. You are encouraged to also fill out the annual general WSU scholarship application by the January 31 deadline. Applications for 2020-2021 will open in December 2019.
All current students studying in CAS majors are encouraged to apply for 2019-2020 scholarships. Undergraduate students not in a CAS major but pursuing a pre-health program are also eligible for selected awards.
Many need-based scholarships require students to have a current FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) on file. All students are encouraged to complete this federal form for every academic year they intend to enroll at WSU.
Visit the WSU Office of Financial Aid and Scholarships for details.


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Wildlife Emergencies >
What to do if you find a baby bird
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About WERC >
Who's who @ WERC
WERC Mailing List
WERC Policies
Bobcat Mom Diaries
Bobcat Rehabilitation Program
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Animal of the Month 2017 - 2016 >
Animal of the Month Archives 2008-1015
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Educational Ambassadors
Wildlife Rehabilitation Program
Volunteer WERC
LATEST NEWS - "WERC@Work"
W.E.R.C.'s popular Sew-whet Owl "Willow" Passes
We're heart-broken to announce that Willow, the little saw-whet owl who joined the Wildlife Education and Rehabilitation Center's educational animal ambassador team in November last year, passed away on April 9. It was sudden and took all at WERC by surprise as there had been nothing unusual about her behavior or appearance up to the very last day. A necropsy indicated stroke. During her too-brief time with us, she was immensely popular with staff, volunteers, school children, and adults, who were entranced by her sweet chirping. We will miss her dearly.
Rotary Club of Morgan Hill has made award to W.E.R.C.
Many thanks to the Rotary Club of Morgan Hill for awarding W.E.R.C. a $500 grant for much-needed repairs to our Center's raptor enclosures. Work has begun on replacing a wall, doors, and perches in the large enclosure so that Golden Eagle ("Mercury") can be transferred soon for flight time and exercise. The repair and upgrade of other enclosures is also being planned for this spring.
For 57 years, the Rotary Club of Morgan Hill has been providing service, philanthropy, and fellowship that improves the local and world community and has been integral in establishing and maintaining the vivid community spirit of Morgan Hill.The Rotary Club of Morgan Hill has been a strong supporter of W.E.R.C. and we are very grateful for their continuing generosity
2013 Philanthropy Day - Volunteer of the Year Award
Ric Smith (Third from right) was the proud recipient of the Wildlife Education and Rehabilitation Center's 2013 Philanthropy Day Volunteer of the Year. Ric Smith would see our wildlife display at the Taste of Morgan Hill and decided he wanted to become a volunteer when he retired. So in October 2006 he did. He started learning wildlife rehabilitation and learned to work with our educational animals, helping with our public education and fundraising events.
Then, because he also volunteers with Habitat for Humanity and Rebuilding Together, he started fixing our enclosures and building new ones how can you keep an injured eagle confined so he can be treated and be safe for both volunteers and bird? Then, because he had worked in the tech industry, he started working on our website and became our web master. Then, because he is, as Sue Howell calls him, our Ric of all trades, he has done pretty much anything and everything needed around the center including hauling trash to the dump. Recently he joined the board of directors and continues to provide time and talent to that position. He is an incredible asset to our organization.
© 2015 W.E.R.C- All rights reserved: (408) 779-9372 - www.werc-ca.org - email W.E.R.C.- 501(c)(3) non-profit organization
W.E.R.C., the Wildlife Education and Rehabilitation Center provides the community with rehabilitation services for orphaned, injured and sick native wildlife. Through our educational programs, W.E.R.C. encourages a peaceful coexistence between civilization and our native wildlife.


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Home / Dr Mark Donohoe
Dr Mark Donohoe
Dr Mark Donohoe graduated from Sydney University in 1980, opening his medical practice on the Central Coast New South Wales in 1983. The patients of his new practice led him into the fields of Environmental Medicine and Nutritional Medicine. He was awarded fellowships from the Australian Society of Environmental Medicine (ASEM), the Australasian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine (ACNEM), and more recently the Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM).
Over his 38 years in practice, Mark has specialised in the fields of chronic fatigue syndrome, environmental and occupational toxicology, and sensory sensitivities including multiple chemical sensitivity. Mark works with his wife, Fiona, at Mosman Integrative Medicine in Sydney. While he focuses on causes of illnesses and diseases, Fiona manages the healthcare side of the practice where she and other natural healthcare practitioners provide consultations and classes in yoga, Qi gong, pregnancy yoga, meditation, mindfulness and movement. Mark and Fiona work together with an underlying philosophy that health in all its forms is the best prevention of disease, and that most disease is best managed by clean air, clean food, clean water and a commitment to a diet and lifestyle that is health enhancing.
Elected to the Board – 12th December 2020.
Committee: Membership & Marketing


text:
Wrestlers call off protest after Govt asks Sharan to step aside as WFI president
January 20, 2023 Khurram Habib
Earlier on Friday, World Championship medallist Vinesh and Olympic medallist Bajrang had warned that if their demands aren't met and those guilty of sexually exploiting women wrestlers and coaches aren't punished, they will take the matter further
India's top wrestlers called off their protest over sexual exploitation against Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) at Capital's Jantar Mantar in the wee hours of Saturday after the federation president stepped aside and the Union sports minister Anurag Thakur promised the formation of an oversight committee to look into the allegations.
The committee has been given four weeks to come up with the report.
World Championship medallist Vinesh, Olympic medallists Sakshi Malik and Bajrang Punia, Sarita Mor, Sangeeta Phogat and Commonwealth Games medallist Sumit Malik were among the wrestlers who had been protesting since Wednesday against sexual exploitation of women wrestlers and coaches and demanded action from the ministry against the officials of WFI.
"The Union sports minister has listened to our demands and has assured us that a proper investigation will take place. I thank him and we are hopeful that a fair probe will be done, hence we are calling off the protest," said Bajrang to the media after the long meeting with the minister.
Earlier on Friday, Vinesh said, "The girls' life is in danger, the life of their families is in danger. Some of the wrestlers are going through depression, they have left wrestling."
"The allegation is against a vice-president… We (wrestlers) have written letter, sent a lot of copies to the federation, that we are getting tortured, getting mentally harassed, we are getting assaulted but the federation has not responded at all. It is a big issue, and if I speak [about the issue] then the president [of WFI] will also understand. It (the matter) is being suppressed," she added.
Vinesh had said that they came to protest at Jantar Mantar as the last resort.
"We had lost self-respect, that is why are here on the street. This is a fight for self-respect, for the girls and I keep saying that this concerns the girls. It is a sensitive matter. If things aren't sorted out today, then you might see a wrestling mat here, tomorrow morning. We assure you," said Vinesh while addressing the media.
"It is a serious matter. If this were solved through a meeting only, then this issue would not have gone this far. But we want to be assured. We have kept plenty of demands with the sports minister," added the wrestler who won bronze in the 2019 and 2022 World Championships as well as a gold at the 2018 Asian Games.
Asked if the allegation is not on the president but only on the supporting staff and by seeking action against WFI president, they are being harsh, the 28-year-old said, "It was the president who was saying that nobody has complained that this (sexual exploitation) happened to us. That complaint has been made. We have proof. Those girls are giving proof to us through phone. I can't name the girls because their life is in danger and it is a big issue. They are not from my state but from a state where women wrestlers are very few."
Bajrang Punia, who won bronze at 2020 Tokyo Olympics and one silver as well as three bronze medals said that if need arises they will file an FIR and in fact, go to every extent possible
"Yes, we will do FIR too. We will go every extent. Let us see what the sports minister has to offer," said the 28-year-old.
Coach Shaukinder Tomar said that these girls have done the country proud and it is unfortunate that they are being subjected to this.
"Girls have been sexually exploited and it is very unfortunate for the nation. These girls have made the country proud at the international level. They have been sexually exploited, they are sitting to seek justice and we are hopeful that the government will hear this matter," he said.
An old wrestler who did not want to be identified said that this has been going on for a quite long time.
"This has been happening for quite some time. We have been hearing that the girls are asked for [sexual] favours," he said.
Apart from the wrestlers, there were others who swelled the numbers. Yashpal Malik, a former president of Jat reservation movement, said that he expects the government to come out with swift justice as cases of sexual exploitation is a serious matter.
"They have demanded action and the government should pay attention. The charges they have levelled are very serious allegations. Nobody would want to harm his or her reputation [by coming out]. The government should think of it seriously. These girls have made the country proud and they should get swift justice," he said.
"It is wrong that the government has taken two days. If a common man were there, he would have been in jail in 20 minutes. Sexual exploitation is serious. Courts have said too. Biggest athletes of the world are here," he said further.
There were some who said that the president of WFI, Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh, who is also a Member of Parliament, should first resign and then initiate investigation.
Khurram Habib
Delhi cricket league to have multi-day games: Jaitley
Leasing out land for cricket is a good source of income for NCR farmers
Set to go: On track for a better life and glory
Reform of Delhi cricket no easy task
Tags: protest, sports, wrestlers
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US considering plan to send 120k troops to Middle East in response to Iran
By Staff Writer| 2019-05-14T13:27:16+00:00	May 14th, 2019|Military News|0 Comments
U.S. Army Pfc. Troy Zaleski, assigned to the East Africa Response Force (EARF), Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa, takes position on the roof of the U.S. Embassy in Djibouti during a deployment response exercise, in Djibouti City, Djibouti, March 24, 2019. The EARF provides a broad range of rapidly deployable military capabilities to protect American interests on the African continent should any threat arise. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Thomas Grimes)
As many as 120,000 US troops could be in their way to the Middle East, according to Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan.
The troop surge, If implemented, would provide enough force to deliver a blow to Iran, who has,been ramping up nuclear operations and rattling sabres against US troops in the area.
The plan was concocted in part by President Trump's national security adviser John Bolton, though Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Joseph Dunford, CIA Director Gina Haspel and Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats were all present.
According to CNN, there is no plan to invade Iran at this time, though the troop numbers are close to those deployed for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
One US official, when asked if the US would strike nuclear facilities if Iran attempts to weaponize their nuclear material, said "The President has been very clear that when the security of the American people are threatened, all options are on the table."
The strategy comes only days after B-52 bombers and the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group were sent to the area.
The air and sea task force was sent to the region in response to threats against nearby American troops and the possibility that Iran would back out of the nuclear deal.
The situation is ongoing.
© 2019 Bright Mountain Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
The content of this webpage may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written consent of Bright Mountain Media, Inc. which may be contacted at info@brightmountainmedia.com, ticker BMTM.


With everything said and done around in terms of artificial intelligence and the machine learning, businesses are now turning more curious about the developing the applications as well as the advantages of using machine learning tools in business.
Many people have already heard of the term Machine Learning (ML), but do not know how to use this technique effectively and what work-related problems you can solve, or also the value it can add to the workflow of your business. The process of machine learning is based on the data analysis that helps you to leverage several ML or complex algorithm to imperatively learn from the existing data. These tools also help your PC's to find some hidden insights without being technically designed for.
Let us now take a look at some of the insights of the most functional aspects of Machine learning, like maintaining the reports of sales or the marketing sector.
Data inaccuracy and duplication are some of the major problems that are challenged by many businesses, especially the ones who wish to automate the process of data entry according to their convenience and requirements. Well, a situation like can be ignored by using a predictive planning or modeling along with best machine learning tools. Having these can help your business to enhance the time-based tasks, leaving behind your skilled human resources absolutely free to focus on other issues at work.
Machine learning also plays a significant role in the finance-related issues for your business. Some of the most common machine learning tools help in to enhance the algorithmic trading, fraud detection, and more.
The major challenges faced by the entrepreneurs today are the value prediction and the customer segmentation. When talking about things like sales and marketing the units can have huge packets of relevant data and information that is sourced from different channels. However, such predictions for incentives and the individual marketing can be achieved quite easily and more effectively using the ML tools.
Many people also use Machine Learning tools in order to eliminate the workload related to the marketing. For example, utilizing the data tends to represent the behavioral patterns of only a few users at the trial period. This will help your business to predict the functional aspects of the organization. Such models promote the customer interventions in order to engage more potential customers and convert them into loyal customers at the trial stages only.
Many businesses related to manufacturing follows the corrective and several preventive measures. However, these methods are generally found a little costly and unproductive. Also, this is the exact situation where you can avail the best by using the ML tools and reduce the useless maintenance activities.


Synopsis: Bookish schoolteacher Jonny Smith (Walken) has an idyllic life in the quaint Maine town of Castle Rock but all of that is lost after a car accident that puts him in a coma for five years. Johnny wakes up, and much to his dismay the world around has changed, and he also has psychic powers; after becoming a sensation, Jonny must make a pivotal decision that could cost his life but alter the face of the future.
Critique: With a trail of boldly original and distinctive features behind him, The Dead Zone was Cronenberg's most box office friendly, with a turnaround from critics who had until then dismissed the director, which is all the more ironic because The Dead Zone didn't perform that well at the box office.
The minutiae of Stephen King adaptations is an article unto itself and the sliding scale of his work is pretty polarizing as King's films tend to rate from "great" to "terrible." By 1983 there had been a series of misfires in King adaptations (major exceptions being De Palma's Carrie and The Shining) but the early 80s gave us Christine, Cujo, Children of the Corn, and, shortly after, Firestarter. Putting Cronenberg's The Dead Zone in the middle almost makes it feel like they were being made alphabetically.
But it's hard to discuss The Dead Zone and its various high points without touching on how weak it could have been. King's original treatment was a glorified slasher film; Cronenberg found it "terrible." Later, credited screenwriter Jeffrey Boam consolidated the novel into a cohesive narrative that we know today, omitting what would have been grave missteps like child torture, dog killing and gratuitous murders from the Castle Rock Killer. Ever notice the more King has to do with his screen adaptations, the worse they get?
The Dead Zone owes a lot to the script because it manages a full load of material and stays on track throughout; Jonny's romance with Sarah, tracking the Castle Rock Killer, tutoring the name kid and, of course, the Stilson campaign. There's a contained feel with each chapter, and some junctures lack transitional grace but that's a small quibble in the greater scheme of things as Cronenberg's film delivers this plethora of material reinforced by a smart and capable cast.
Walken remarkably imbues his character with a palpable sympathy. Jonny Smith has a brainy, sharp, peculiar quality, warm but a little volatile and passionate. Predating Walken's reputation as a wildman actor, it's phenomenal to see the emotional range he puts on display here; alongside Tom Skerritt, Brooke Adams, Martin Sheen, and Herbert Lom, Walken succeeds in making the intangible tangible. The Dead Zone is a supernatural thriller, but Walken's determined presence elevates the material substantially in tandem with Cronenberg's direction; only because we feel that they respect what they're doing, treating King's story (or the screenplay of King's story) with the dramatic integrity of any other drama.
Why It Should Go in the Production Line: It seems like Cronenberg's filmography is divided up between Shout/Scream Factory and The Criterion Collection. While the director's more classic body horror features went in Criterion's direction (Naked Lunch, Videodrome, The Brood, Scanners) and his disturbing Dead Ringers went from OOP Criterion title to Scream Factory Blu-Ray and with the release of his second feature Rabid (within a week of each other), it feels like both premiere home video distributors have equal footing in the director's filmography. Given the level of King adaptations to get the Factory makeover (Firestarter, Carrie, The Dark Half) and their proclivity toward Cronenberg's work, I wouldn't be surprised if we should see The Dead Zone get a Blu-ray release with that awesome new cover art and restored picture and sound. As it stands, the Australian Blu-Ray leaves a lot to be desired, and it doesn't seem like Paramount has known how to market the film since it came out on DVD back in 2000. Along with Paramount, The Dead Zone is distributed by the De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, who have co-opted titles with Shout/Scream Factory before with Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, Manhunter, Army of Darkness, Amityville 2 & 3 and Firestarter.
NOTE: Please keep in mind this article is not endorsed by or affiliated with Shout! Factory.


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Conditional expressions impose constraints on the evaluation order of their
inputs. In essence, they are evaluated left to right, with short-circuiting, and
only evaluate the output value that was chosen. In contrast, all inputs to
regular functions are evaluated before calling the function. Short-circuiting in
conditional expressions can be exploited for error handling or performance
tuning.

Syntax
Input Data Types
Result Data Type
Description

CASE expr
  WHEN value THEN result
  [WHEN ...]
  [ELSE else_result]
  END

expr and value: Any type
result and else_result: Supertype of input
types.
Compares expr to value of each successive WHEN
clause and returns the first result where this comparison returns true. The
remaining WHEN clauses and else_result are not
evaluated. If the
expr = value comparison returns false or NULL for
all WHEN clauses, returns
else_result if present; if not present, returns NULL.
expr and value expressions
must be implicitly coercible to a common supertype; equality comparisons are
done on coerced values. result and else_result
expressions must be coercible to a common supertype.

CASE
  WHEN cond1 THEN result
  [WHEN cond2...]
  [ELSE else_result]
  END

cond: BOOL
result and else_result: Supertype of input
types.
Evaluates condition cond of each successive WHEN
clause and returns the first result where the condition is true; any remaining
WHEN clauses and else_result are not evaluated. If all
conditions are false or NULL, returns
else_result if present; if not present, returns
NULL. result and else_result
expressions must be implicitly coercible to a common supertype.

COALESCE(expr1, ..., exprN)
Any type
Supertype of input types
Returns the value of the first non-null expression. The remaining
expressions are not evaluated. All input expressions must be implicitly
coercible to a common supertype.

IF(cond, true_result, else_result)
cond: BOOL
true_result and else_result: Any type.
If cond is true, returns true_result, else returns
else_result. else_result is not evaluated if
cond is true. true_result is not evaluated if
cond is false or NULL. true_result and
else_result must be coercible to a common supertype.

IFNULL(expr, null_result)
Any type
Any type or supertype of input types.
If expr is NULL, return null_result. Otherwise,
return expr. If expr is not NULL,
null_result is not evaluated. expr and
null_result must be implicitly coercible to a common
supertype. Synonym for COALESCE(expr, null_result).

NULLIF(expression, expression_to_match)
Any type T or subtype of T
Any type T or subtype of T
Returns NULL if expression = expression_to_match
is true, otherwise returns expression. expression and
expression_to_match must be implicitly coercible to a common
supertype; equality comparison is done on coerced values.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Cipcal is a complex Medicamental preparation which supplies the shortage of calcium in organism and for account of activation of different processes in man's organism it regulates the calcic exchange. This drug consists of two main ingredients - Vitamin D3 and Calcium. Under the deficit of these substances in organism it is developed such sicknesses as rachitis and osteoporosis, which are the most exposed to children in period of growth and female persons in period of menopause that is interpreted by hormonal changes in patient's organism. The mechanism if this medicant's action and some therapeutic effects are based on the pharmacological properties of the active components containing to the structure of this remedy. Calcium is an officinal agent supplied the calcium deficit in organism. The calcium ions play the main role in various processes including taking part in several impulses conducting by nervous structures; regulate the arterial pressure and blood coagulability. Besides the calcium ions take part in shortening of muscles' different types including the heart muscle. Cipcal 500mg/250IU 120 pills are chiefly indicated as preventing measure and also in view of monotherapy or combines treatment of osteoporosis with different etiology and some complications by patients with this sickness. This medication is also taken for replacement of calcium and Colecalciferolum deficit by patients with heightening needs of calcium, including this preparation is prescribed or patients in period of restoration after some injuries and fractures, in term of menopause and post menopause, and also for women in period of gestation and lactation and some aged people. Buy Cipcal online without any prescriptions.
In our chemist's shop we propose you to buy Cipcal online without prescription with the fastest delivery in Canada, USA and other countries.