text:
A Complete Guide on What Is The Black Hole
What Is A Black Hole?
Different types of black holes:
Supermassive black holes
Stellar black holes
Intermediate black holes
Black Holes Can Only Be Seen Using A Special Telescope
How Big Are Black Holes?
Could a Black Hole Destroy Earth?
How Are Black Holes Formed?
Who/How Was The Black Hole Discovered?
Weird Facts About Black Holes
Technically, Black Holes Don't Suck Anything In
You can't actually count the amount of black holes that exist
It's said that supermassive black holes may create new stars
It's not possible to see a black hole directly
Black hole alignment
Spaghetti Time?
Black holes in the movies
Technically, anything could become a black hole
In theory, a black hole could create entirely new universes
Have you ever wondered about what goes on in the cosmos? About what lurks in the universe beyond what we can see? There are many wonders that are even yet to be discovered outside of the Earth.
What we do know about though is the Black Hole. This is an astronomical phenomenon that's pretty fascinating. Want to learn more? Read on for our complete guide to what black holes are!
So what exactly is a black hole? Well, it is essentially an 'object' in space. From this place in space, gravity keeps pulling to the extent that it's incredibly tricky for any light to get out of it.
Since a lot of matter has been condensed into one location, gravity gets incredibly strong. This can happen for a variety of reasons, but it primarily occurs when a star begins to die.
Why does it have the name 'black hole'? In short, it's because you can't see it since it's not possible for the light to get out.
To summarize, it all comes down to the strength of gravity localized in one area, and as such it's difficult for any light to get out. Anything that gets into the hole, from matter to radiation, is unable to get out. A little depressing, in a way!
A black hole is can sometimes be a star that's dying or dead. Many scientists believe that black holes are usually formed after a huge star dies.
This star will then become a supernova, and the mass that remains will completely collapse because its gravity is so strong. Then, you will have a black hole in return. More on this later!
There are actually a number of different kinds of black holes out there.
No, we're not referring to the song by Muse.
A supermassive black hole is a genuine phenomenon.
Supermassive black holes are pretty much the largest black holes out there.
Your average black hole has quite a lot of mass, but a supermassive black hole is substantially bigger.
As of right now, there are only a few supermassive black holes that we've confirmed since the vast majority of them exist so far away that they can't even be witnessed. It is said that there are many more of them in particularly large galaxies.
Most supermassive black holes will exist at around the center of many big galaxies, such as in the Milky Way.
The only problem with supermassive black holes is that many scientists aren't entirely sure where they come from. There are a number of theories, however. One of the most prominent arguments comes as a result of studying quasars.
The theory suggests that many of the oldest black holes in the galaxy got to their tremendous size without even becoming supernovas. Supermassive black holes may exist thanks to a chain reaction, according to research by Basu and Das.
This is just one of many theories out there, however.
Supermassive black holes are said to be over a million times larger than the sun, and it's possible for astronomers to find them just from seeing how they affect stars and gas existing near to them.
One particular type of black hole is the stellar black hole. How are these formed? It all comes down to the stars.
Towards the end of its life span, a star begins to burn through the very last of the fuel that it has.
When this happens, it can begin to collapse in on itself.
This is a pretty common occurrence with many stars.
For smaller stars, once they have collapsed the core of the star will go on to be a white dwarf or a neutron star. But what about when a bigger star collapses? That, friends, is when a stellar black hole is formed.
Larger stars will continue to collapse in on themselves, and eventually it will become a stellar black hole.
Even though a stellar black hole is formed as a result of a larger star collapsing, it's still pretty small as far as black holes are concerned. With that being said, these black holes are very dense with a great deal of mass.
With just one stellar black hole there will be more than triple the amount of mass of the sun packed into one small black hole. As such, the gravitational force a stellar black hole can create is pretty significant.
As time goes on, these black holes will keep on eating up any gas and dust from around them, and they will start to gradually get bigger as time goes on.
There are millions of these black holes just in the Milky Way alone!
So we've discussed big black holes and we've discussed little black holes. With that in mind, are these the only black hole sizes out there?
Up until recently the answer to this question was believed to be yes, but some recent information has shown that there may be some intermediate sized black holes out there - known as IMBHs, or intermediate black holes.
It is said that these kinds of black holes may potentially be created when a bunch of stars that have clustered together begin to join together as part of a chain reaction.
If these intermediate black holes all begin to develop in roughly the same area, this could in turn create a supermassive black hole in the middle of a galaxy.
Some later research from 2018 has suggested that intermediate black holes could possibly form in the middle of dwarf galaxies.
Black holes are incredibly difficult to see since they exist so far away.
With that being said, in recent years the black hole has been witnessed for the very first time.
This is all thanks to something called the Event Horizon Telescope, also known as EHT. This is a 'network of radio telescopes.'
In essence, a bunch of radio dishes were linked together throughout the earth in order to make something called an interferometer that's the size of the Earth was created.
The radio telescopes all work together at the same time, and it operates almost like just one telescope alone but with much more power. Thanks to this, images of black holes were seen for the very first time.
So since we have now seen black holes with the Event Horizon Telescope, you may be wondering what exactly one of these things looks like.
Well, to put it simply, a black hole consists of three different layers. There is an inner and an outer event horizon. There is also a singularity.
The area that exists around the mouth of the black hole is known as the event horizon. It's not possible for light to escape beyond this point.
Also, if a particle of an object gets past the event horizon of a black hole, there's no turning back - that particle is going to be stuck inside of the black hole.
Then you have the inner area of the black hole in question. This is where the majority of the black hole's mass exists. This is the singularity of the black hole.
There are also other ways to detect black holes besides through the Event Horizon Telescope. Usually an astronomer will find a black hole by finding the radiation that it lets out while particles are swallowed by them.
It can be harder to find a supermassive black hole since they can sometimes be covered up by the gas and dust around them, making it much more difficult to find the emissions.
You can also sometimes see when matter is thrown out of the event horizon of the black hole, since it emits a bright color and it travels at immense speeds.
You would still struggle to see the black hole itself but you can see the bright matter with the right telescope.
Now, you may be wondering exactly how big a black hole is. As we've previously mentioned, black holes can come in many different sizes.
The size of a black hole can also be quantified in a number of ways, such as its mass and its volume.
For instance, a stellar black hole can take up around 10 to 100 solar masses.
In comparison, a supermassive black hole could theoretically take up millions or more solar masses. As one example, the supermassive black hole that exists in the Milky Way measures 4.3 million solar masses.
This is pretty large! There are even intermediate mass black holes out there that would likely measure from hundreds to thousands of solar masses.
The smallest black hole that we know of is known as GRO J1655-40. This black hole is said to weigh 5.4 times more mass than the sun - in short, it would have roughly a 10 mile radius.
What about a stellar black hole? Well, the size of this black hole would rely on the size of the original star. For instance, let's take the biggest star that we know of - R136a1.
This star weighs around 315 times more mass than the sun. It would have a 578 mile radius if it collapsed and became a black hole. This is nowhere near the size of a supermassive black hole, however.
Many scientists say that the very smallest black hole out there may be just as small as a mere atom.
What is particularly interesting to note is that it's actually possible for black holes to get even smaller. Now, it's important to mention again that a black hole will gradually get larger as it eats more material around it.
At the same time though, Stephen Hawking has suggested that they can shrink through time because they will gradually lose small bits of energy.
The reason for this is because there are particles that exist in empty areas of space.
If a few of these particles materialize near a black hole, at least some of these particles will begin to escape, whereas others will get swallowed by the black hole before the particles are dead.
The particles that managed to escape find their way back into space. This requires energy from the black hole, and as such the black hole itself begins to lose energy. Then, from losing energy the black hole loses mass. This theory is known as Hawking radiation.
Of course, this isn't something that would happen quickly. It would take millennia for the black hole to shrink that much.
One of the biggest fears that people tend to have about black holes is that they can destroy earth.
To the average person, a black hole can be seen as something pretty scary that has the capacity to destroy everything around it.
The question is, then, would this even be possible?
This fear could be grounded in some logic, since the gravitational force of a black hole means that many of the things around it get sucked into it. Fortunately though, the chances of a black hole destroying earth are pretty slim.
Likewise, it's also not possible for a black hole to eat an entire galaxy, even if it's a supermassive black hole. The truth is, a black hole doesn't start trying to eat essential parts of the solar system such as the planets and moons.
Why is this? Well, it mainly comes down to proximity. There aren't any black holes that exist in close enough proximity to our solar system for Earth to be destroyed by one. What if the black hole was close to Earth?
Well, it still wouldn't happen. Our Earth isn't going to suddenly fall into a black hole and existence as we know it is over.
For instance, let's say the sun suddenly became a black hole. It wouldn't be possible for the Earth to fall into the new sun-induced black hole, since the black hole would have the same gravity as the sun does.
In turn, the Earth and any other planets nearby would start to orbit around the black hole just like they do with the sun.
In theory though, if the orbit of the Earth happened to change too much, we could have some further issues on our hands if the Earth came close enough to a black hole. It's not something that you really need to worry about, though!
There are many mysteries surrounding black holes and how they are formed, but from our current understanding, it's believed that a black hole is formed when a huge star begins to collapse in on itself.
This usually happens when a star is towards the end of its lifespan.
First of all though, it's worth noting that many astronomers believe there are a few different things that can happen to a star after it has run out of its fuel source. We've touched upon it briefly previously in this article, but here's a more in depth explanation:
If a star is relatively small, such as smaller than the sun, it may begin to collapse and eventually it will become a white dwarf. These stars will have a relatively small radius of a couple thousand kilometers.
Neutron stars are often created when a star that has more mass than the sun collapses in on itself. The radius of these stars isn't much more than a couple kilometers. Sometimes these stars can be pulsars.
Now, what about black holes? A black hole is born when a star that has more than four times the mass of the sun collapses within itself. You could basically see it as the dead remnants of a gigantic star.
The thing is, a black hole doesn't technically take up any space. What it does consist of though is a whole lot of mass that was once a star.
As we've touched on previously, a black hole will also then become larger in mass as it starts to consume the matter surrounding it. If the black hole is particularly large, any particles or matter that gets into the radius of a black hole gets swallowed completely.
Since there is so much mass in the center of a black hole, the force of gravity is massively increased. The black hole creates a tremendously powerful gravitational field, and as such it's not possible for anything to get out of it.
A black hole may then become a supermassive black hole if the conditions are right, though again, scientists aren't certain about how exactly a supermassive black hole is formed.
In order for us to know anything about the black hole, someone must have discovered it. In actuality, it is thanks to the work of a number of different scientists that we know all that we do about the black hole.
The discovery of black holes begins with Albert Einstein. In 1905, Einstein began working on his Theory of General Relativity.
This began with something called the theory of special relativity, which establishes the link between space and time in terms of any objects that are traveling at an invariable speed in just a straight line.
Over the next 10 years after this, Einstein worked acceleration of speed into the theory.
The theory of general relativity, at its simplest level, implies that huge objects in space will bend and distort time and space. This comes as a result of gravity. Gravity is said to exist when time and space are distorted by mass and energy.
For instance, if you were to put a large brick in the middle of a trampoline, then that part of the trampoline would sink.
If you then put a smaller object or ball on the outside edges of the trampoline, then that ball would eventually also fall into that hole - it would be sucked into the pit created on the trampoline as a result of gravity.
Upon reading his Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, a german physicist named Karl Schwarzchild took this one step further and worked on the idea for black holes thanks to the equations created by Einstein in 1916.
He managed to work out the sort of shape that would be created in space by point mass, which would then foresee an event horizon in that location.
He hypothesized that an astrophysical singularity could potentially distort space time to such a degree that it would not be possible for even light to escape the hole.
Schwarzschild's theory is known as something called the Schwarzschild Radius.
It's essentially what it sounds like - it's the radius spanning the event horizon around an object that doesn't rotate. It's essentially how mass is able to create curves in space in time.
From there, two more scientists began to get to work on their own theories about black holes. In 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and George Volkoff noticed that burned out stars may lead to massive voids in the middle of space.
They proposed that a neutron star could collapse beneath its weight if it happened to grow too big. As a result, a tremendously forceful gravitational field would be left behind in its wake.
This information would be used by astrophysicists later on to inform understanding on the stellar mass black holes in the universe.
It wasn't until later on that it was discovered that the star needed to implode in order for an event horizon to be created, though their theory did pave the way towards that understanding. The understanding at this point was that black holes were pretty rare.
During the 1960s, more information about the black hole came to light. Working together, Stephen Hawking and a scientist named Roger Penrose concluded that actually, black holes and other astrophysical singularities are rather common in space.
They are a natural part of space, and many massive stars eventually become black holes after they have depleted their fuel source completely. In short, a black hole can be seen as part of the natural evolution process of a particularly large star.
What about the name of the black hole? Well, the term was coined by John A. Wheeler in 1967.
Other than what we've seen from the Event Horizon Telescope, we also have evidence of a normal black hole thanks to X-Ray Binaries. In 1971, the X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 was found to contain a black hole.
We've also found other black holes, such as one in the middle of the Milky Way which is known as Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A* for short. Sagittarius A* was found in 1974 by Bruce Balick and Robert Brown.
This particular black hole exists around 26,000 light years away from us. Our current understanding dictates that this is actually a supermassive black hole.
As we mentioned earlier, in 2019 the Event Horizon Telescope then found the shadow of a black hole in the middle of M87 - this is one of the galaxies near to the Milky Way.
Research is still going on every day regarding the true nature of the black hole, and we still don't know everything yet. These are just a few of the things that we've discovered through time about the existence of the black hole.
Black holes are pretty mysterious, but we do know quite a few interesting things about them. Perhaps you can use these weird facts about black holes as conversation starters on your next blind date!
Black holes possess a tremendous power. It's not beyond the realms of possibility to think that a black hole could . The singularity of a black hole alters the laws of physics, so it's not unreasonable to propose that a black hole could create a new universe.
Black holes are pretty complicated. It's easy to think, given our understanding, that black holes suck things into their orbit. In reality though, black holes exist much like most other objects that you would find in space.
The main difference is that black holes are known for their incredibly strong field of gravity. If the sun was just a black hole that had the same amount of mass, the Earth and the other planets would just orbit the black hole instead.
The whole Earth isn't going to be swallowed by the black hole in this circumstance. If surrounding particles do find their way into the black hole then the black hole may take some of those particles in, but they don't suck in things like planets.
It is, however, possible for a black hole to spit out some of the particles that it has taken in. These particles are usually made of materials that would slip out of the accretion disk.
Many of these particles that are rejected by the black holes are then essentially vomited out of the hole and right back into the galaxy - they may travel as fast as 20 million miles per hour! You certainly don't want one of those hitting the Earth, that's for sure.
As we've previously mentioned, it was initially believed that black holes were scarce. This is most certainly not the case. In fact, in just our galaxy, there are millions of stellar mass black holes.
We also have a supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A* in the center of the milky way.
In addition to that, the Milky Way isn't the only galaxy out there. There are said to be 100 billion galaxies existing in space, and each of these has millions of black holes and a supermassive black hole.
For this reason, it's not actually possible to count all of the black holes that exist in the universe.
We often think of black holes as objects in space that are capable of mass destruction. This is not necessarily the case. In truth, black holes are also capable of creating new stars.
A supermassive black hole can sometimes release some of its material back into space. This material may then create entirely new stars.
In addition to this, there's actually information to suggest that supermassive black holes can even determine the amount of stars that are created in a galaxy. It can have an impact on the speed of star formation.
In fact, star formation has been seen to finish much faster in galaxies that have supermassive black holes in the middle of them. Pretty strange!
Since light can't actually get out of a black hole, it's not possible to see one. We can see the gas surrounding the black hole and we can see what's going on around it, but you won't see a black hole with the naked eye.
You will often be able to identify a black hole by seeing what kind of effect it has on the areas around it.
Some recent studies have found a number of black holes from numerous galaxies aligning in the same direction. This essentially means that they're emitting gas in such a way that would suggest they're working in tandem.
It's pretty bizarre that this has happened, though some researchers think that it happened at some time during early galaxy formation at the start of the universe.
Since these black holes are over 300 million light years away from each other, it's certainly a bizarre phenomenon.
You may be wondering what exactly would happen if you made your way into a black hole. Well, what happens is something that's known as spaghettification, and it's exactly as grim as it sounds.
Basically, if something enters a black hole, it stretches the object in question into what looks like a strand of spaghetti.
When you're on the earth, your feet are attracted towards the center of the Earth which is where the gravitational pull lies. If you started to become closer to a location that has extreme levels of gravity then the attraction here could cause some massive problems.
The feet would start to stretch thanks to the pull of gravity, and your feet will become more and more attracted the closer they get to the middle of the black hole. You move faster and faster as you get closer to the middle.
The problem is that your head is still quite far away from the center of the black hole, and this means it isn't moving quite as quickly. As a result, your entire body would stretch out like a strand of spaghetti. That's spaghettification in a nutshell!
Now your next question may be whether something like this could kill you. The short answer is yes.
If you did live for a while, you'd likely be in a tremendous amount of pain, since the force of gravity would basically pull your body apart. It would be a pretty excruciating way to die, really.
This process has even been caught by astronomers in 2019. Of course, it was the star that was spaghettified, not a human!
Black holes are actually pretty popular things in science fiction, whether it's for books or movies. Interstellar is one prime example of this. It's not surprising that they're such popular subject matter, given the mystery surrounding them!
In theory, it's possible for anything in space to become a black hole. The main characteristic of a black hole is that it has tremendously dense materials in the middle, and this gives it a very strong gravitational field.
If you condensed something like the sun into a size of around 3.7 miles, you could theoretically make it so dense that it could become a black hole. In theory, you could become a black hole.
Realistically though, the only real way that you would have a black hole is if a huge star collapsed into itself.
Black holes possess a tremendous power. It's not beyond the realms of possibility to think that a black hole could create an entirely new universe.
The singularity of a black hole alters the laws of physics, so it's not unreasonable to propose that a black hole could create a new universe.
Black holes are a pretty mystifying phenomenon. There are so many things that we still don't know even to this day.
Research is still being conducted about black holes every single day, and who's to know what we may discover in the years to come? In the meantime, that was our guide on understanding black holes!
https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/black_hole_description.html
https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/definition-what-is-a-quasar
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/uowo-rdt062819.php#:~:text=Basu%20and%20Das%20developed%20the,rapid%20exponential%20growth%20of%20mass.&text=This%20new%20result%20provides%20evidence,produced%20in%20the%20early%20universe.
https://eventhorizontelescope.org/about#
https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/S/Singularity
https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/supermassive-black-hole-birth-stars-1.4042363
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24999
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/astronomers-capture-best-view-yet-black-hole-spaghettifying-star-180976088/
https://www.space.com/21335-black-holes-time-universe-creation.html
How Can There Be Anything Left In The Universe? Don't Black Holes Suck Everything In?
Does Every Black Hole Contain a Singularity?
Does the Influence of Gravity Extend Out Forever?
Can You Go Fast Enough to Get Enough Mass to Become a Black Hole?
What is the Speed of Gravity?


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On Saturday 16 April, Queen Anne's held their first-ever Colour Run to kick-off the start of the Trinity Term. The event was attended by boarders, and their families and friends, as part of the Closed Weekend activities.
Congratulations to one of our L4 pupils, Molly Skeil, who has gained a place at the Royal Academy of Music Saturday School. Molly will be studying trumpet, recorder and piano as part of the Junior Academy at the Royal Academy of Music, located in London. Well done to Molly on this fantastic achievement.
On Wednesday 20 April, Queen Anne's held their inaugural 'Mother and Daughter' Evening to help raise money for the charity, Berkshire Women's Aid.
During the afternoon, on Thursday 21 April, Queen Anne's VOCES8 group travelled to London for their annual concert with the other Foundation schools at St Peter's, Eaton Square.
Hardly a week into term and already Dramaramaland has something to shout about!
On Sunday 17 April 2016, Queen Anne's and the BrainCanDo programme featured prominently in The Sunday Times.
As well as achieving superb drama success at this year's Woodley Festival of Music and Arts, one of our L4 (Year 7) pupils is also celebrating winning musical awards at the Festival.
The Queen Anne's Music department have once again enjoyed another action-packed Lent Term and as we look forward to the summer term, find out more about our girls' spectacular performances at the "Night at the Musicals" event in February and their half-term music tour to Seville and Córdoba.
Over the weekend of the 18 – 20 March, fifty six Queen Anne's girls braved the elements to complete their practice expedition for the Duke of Edinburgh's Bronze Award in the beautiful and rolling Ashdown Forest in Sussex.


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Accessing Community and Information: Reducing Vaccine Hesitancy In Low-income Populations
The majority of unvaccinated people are not antivaxxers," Dr. Murji said.
Enterprise Canada
The key word to battling COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in low-income populations is access: to communities, information and vaccine supply, says Dr. Latif Murji, Scarborough Health Network health equity co-ordinator and physician lead for its first-of-a-kind VaxFacts Clinic.
"What I'm talking about with access, it's having the vaccine available and meeting people where they're at," Dr. Murji said. "It's going to neighbourhoods in communities where vaccine uptake is low and having popups in local apartment complexes, schools, factories and places of front-line work."
The Public Health Agency of Canada has reported that among Canadians with annual incomes of $25,000 or less, 24 per cent were considered COVID-vaccine hesitant, compared to 11 per cent of those with incomes between $50,000 and $75,000 and six-10 per cent of those with incomes over $75,000. There was also a higher level of hesitancy among Canadians with less education. For Scarborough specifically, 64 per cent of households would qualify for the province's Low-Income Workers Tax Credit.
Dr. Murji noted that low-income Canadians are less likely to have a family doctor or primary care physician and are often part of other marginalized groups, meaning many miss out on direct health-care access, including health information from a trusted professional. But another access gap is information.
"Physicians are often appearing on mainstream media, but these may not be the same platforms that are being accessed by marginalized groups," Dr. Murji said.
Proven public health interventions have included community and business-led mobile vaccine operations, targeted communications strategies to local ethnic media, door-to-door outreach and financial supports such as paid sick leave.
A local success story has been Dr. Murji's VaxFacts Clinic in Scarborough, where residents are connected directly with doctors of multiple languages and ethnic backgrounds, with extended hours for those who work multiple jobs and no OHIP coverage.
Dr. Murji said they've seen more than 800 patients, with more than 80 per cent deciding to get vaccinated for COVID-19 after conversations assuring them about vaccines, their safety and evidence.
He said that while these interventions work, communities, governments and health officials must continue to be creative to reach the 11 per cent of eligible Ontarians who have still not gotten vaccinated as of Nov. 2.
"The majority of unvaccinated people are not antivaxxers," Dr. Murji said. "Many still don't quite feel comfortable making the choice to get vaccinated and we need to get creative with our approach to help them get there."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/msm/back/state_machine.hpp>
#include <boost/msm/front/euml/euml.hpp>

#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE MyTest
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost::msm::front::euml;
namespace msm = boost::msm;

namespace
{
    // A "complicated" event type that carries some data.
    enum DiskTypeEnum
    {
        DISK_CD=0,
        DISK_DVD=1
    };
    // events
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(play)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(end_pause)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(stop)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(pause)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(open_close)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(internal_evt)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT(to_ignore)
    // A "complicated" event type that carries some data.
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(std::string,cd_name)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(DiskTypeEnum,cd_type)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ATTRIBUTES((attributes_ << cd_name << cd_type ), cd_detected_attributes)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_EVENT_WITH_ATTRIBUTES(cd_detected,cd_detected_attributes)

    //states
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,entry_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,exit_counter)

    BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE(( ++state_(entry_counter),++state_(exit_counter),attributes_ << entry_counter << exit_counter),Open)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE(( ++state_(entry_counter),++state_(exit_counter),attributes_ << entry_counter << exit_counter),Stopped)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE(( ++state_(entry_counter),++state_(exit_counter),attributes_ << entry_counter << exit_counter),Playing)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE(( ++state_(entry_counter),++state_(exit_counter),attributes_ << entry_counter << exit_counter),Paused)

    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,empty_internal_guard_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,empty_internal_action_counter)

    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ACTION(internal_guard_fct)
    {
        template <class FSM,class EVT,class SourceState,class TargetState>
        bool operator()(EVT const&, FSM& ,SourceState& src,TargetState& )
        {
            ++src.get_attribute(empty_internal_guard_counter);
            return false;
        }
    };
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_STATE((++state_(entry_counter),++state_(exit_counter),
                                  attributes_ << entry_counter << exit_counter
                                              << empty_internal_guard_counter << empty_internal_action_counter),Empty_def)
    // derive to be able to add an internal transition table
    struct Empty_impl : public Empty_def
    {
        Empty_impl(){}
        BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_INTERNAL_TRANSITION_TABLE((
            internal_evt [internal_guard_fct] / ++source_(empty_internal_action_counter)
            ))
    };
    // declare an instance for the stt as we are manually declaring a state
    Empty_impl const Empty;

    //fsm
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,start_playback_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,can_close_drawer_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,internal_action_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_ATTRIBUTE(unsigned int,internal_guard_counter)
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ACTION(No_Transition)
    {
        template <class FSM,class Event>
        void operator()(Event const&,FSM&,int)
        {
            BOOST_FAIL("no_transition called!");
        }
    };
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ACTION(good_disk_format)
    {
        template <class FSM,class EVT,class SourceState,class TargetState>
        bool operator()(EVT const& evt,FSM&,SourceState& ,TargetState& )
        {
            if (evt.get_attribute(cd_type)!=DISK_CD)
            {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
    };
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ACTION(internal_guard)
    {
        template <class FSM,class EVT,class SourceState,class TargetState>
        bool operator()(EVT const& evt,FSM& fsm,SourceState& ,TargetState& )
        {
            ++fsm.get_attribute(internal_guard_counter);
            return false;
        }
    };
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_ACTION(internal_guard2)
    {
        template <class FSM,class EVT,class SourceState,class TargetState>
        bool operator()(EVT const& evt,FSM& fsm,SourceState& ,TargetState& )
        {
            ++fsm.get_attribute(internal_guard_counter);
            return true;
        }
    };
    BOOST_MSM_EUML_TRANSITION_TABLE((
          Playing   == Stopped  + play        / ++fsm_(start_playback_counter)                      ,
          Playing   == Paused   + end_pause   ,
          //  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          Empty     == Open     + open_close  / ++fsm_(can_close_drawer_counter),
          Empty                 + to_ignore                                                         ,
          Empty                 + internal_evt [internal_guard2] / ++fsm_(internal_action_counter)  ,
          Empty                 + cd_detected [internal_guard]                                      ,
          //  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          Open      == Empty    + open_close  ,
          Open      == Paused   + open_close  ,
          Open      == Stopped  + open_close  ,
          Open      == Playing  + open_close  ,
          //  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          Paused    == Playing  + pause       ,
          //  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          Stopped   == Playing  + stop        ,
          Stopped   == Paused   + stop        ,
          Stopped   == Empty    + cd_detected [good_disk_format]                                    ,
          Stopped   == Stopped  + stop
          //  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
         ),transition_table)

    BOOST_MSM_EUML_DECLARE_STATE_MACHINE(( transition_table, //STT
                                        init_ << Empty, // Init State
                                        no_action, // Entry
                                        no_action, // Exit
                                        attributes_ << start_playback_counter << can_close_drawer_counter
                                                    << internal_action_counter << internal_guard_counter, // Attributes
                                        configure_ << no_configure_, // configuration
                                        No_Transition // no_transition handler
                                        ),
                                      player_) //fsm name

    typedef msm::back::state_machine<player_> player;

//    static char const* const state_names[] = { "Stopped", "Paused", "Open", "Empty", "Playing" };

    BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( my_test )
    {
        player p;

        p.start();
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 1,
                            "Empty entry not called correctly");

        // internal events
        p.process_event(to_ignore);
        p.process_event(internal_evt);
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_attribute(internal_action_counter) == 1,"Internal action not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_attribute(internal_guard_counter) == 1,"Internal guard not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(empty_internal_action_counter) == 0,
                            "Empty internal action not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(empty_internal_guard_counter) == 1,
                            "Empty internal guard not called correctly");

        p.process_event(open_close());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 2,"Open should be active"); //Open
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Empty exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 1,
                            "Open entry not called correctly");

        p.process_event(open_close());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 3,"Empty should be active"); //Empty
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Open)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Open exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 2,
                            "Empty entry not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_attribute(can_close_drawer_counter) == 1,"guard not called correctly");

        p.process_event(
            cd_detected("louie, louie",DISK_DVD));
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 3,"Empty should be active"); //Empty
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Open)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Open exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 2,
                            "Empty entry not called correctly");

        p.process_event(
            cd_detected("louie, louie",DISK_CD));
        p.process_event(play);
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 4,"Playing should be active"); //Playing
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<Empty_impl&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 2,
                            "Empty exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Stopped)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 1,
                            "Stopped entry not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Stopped)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Stopped exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Playing)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 1,
                            "Playing entry not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_attribute(start_playback_counter) == 1,"action not called correctly");

        p.process_event(pause());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 1,"Paused should be active"); //Paused
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Playing)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Playing exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Paused)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 1,
                            "Paused entry not called correctly");

        // go back to Playing
        p.process_event(end_pause());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 4,"Playing should be active"); //Playing
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Paused)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 1,
                            "Paused exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Playing)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 2,
                            "Playing entry not called correctly");

        p.process_event(pause());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 1,"Paused should be active"); //Paused
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Playing)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 2,
                            "Playing exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Paused)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 2,
                            "Paused entry not called correctly");

        p.process_event(stop());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 0,"Stopped should be active"); //Stopped
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Paused)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 2,
                            "Paused exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Stopped)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 2,
                            "Stopped entry not called correctly");

        p.process_event(stop());
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.current_state()[0] == 0,"Stopped should be active"); //Stopped
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Stopped)&>().get_attribute(exit_counter) == 2,
                            "Stopped exit not called correctly");
        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(p.get_state<BOOST_MSM_EUML_STATE_NAME(Stopped)&>().get_attribute(entry_counter) == 3,
                            "Stopped entry not called correctly");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: .net Chart x axis value is not displayed under the column For the code below
 foreach (LeaveType lvType in statsForBP.LeavesPerType.Keys)
        {
           var series = new Series();
            series.Points.AddXY(lvType.TypeofLeave.ToString(),statsForBP.LeavesPerType[lvType]);
            series.SmartLabelStyle.Enabled = false;

            chart.Series.Add(series);
        }

I get the following result.

Any ideas how to bring the x value directly below?

A: Try to create a DataPoint separately and add a AxisLabel, like this:
DataPoint dpValue = new DataPoint();
dpValue.SetValueY(value);
dpValue.AxisLabel = "Label";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
NOVEMBER 7th, 2015 • Wilmette Theatre
LILY BE is a momma, a nanny, activist, and storyteller who was born and raised in Chicago's Humboldt Park neighborhood. Lily is the first Latina Moth GrandSLAM champion, WNEP Maelstrom improvised storytelling champ, and host/producer of The Stoop at Rosa's Lounge. Her stories are featured on the RISK podcast, WBEZ Nerdette podcast, WBEZ presents Shannon Cason's Homemade Stories podcast and The Moth Radio Hour to name a few.
NESTOR "THE BOSS" GOMEZ was born in Guatemala and has called Chicago his home for the last 25 years. He is a salsa dancer, self taught poet, t-shirt designer (who works during the day at S&C Electric), and he drives Uber and Lyft on weekends. As a child, Nestor stuttered, but a little over a year ago, he placed second at the July 2015 Moth Grand Slam. If you ask him about his mayor accomplishments, he will tell you about his kids, winning the heart of his girlfriend Melissa Pavlik ("Sweet Mel") and making his mother proud. Nestor hosts Do Not Submit in Pilsen, and he is an active member of the Stoop Collective.
LISA HOLMES is a creative soul, a creative director, and the author of a new novel for young adults. She has also written plays, and was the winner of the 2013 Citizen's Play Festival for her new play-in-development, "Transients Welcome." Her stories can be found on her blog whimsycity.com.
ARLENE MALINOWSKI is a rare, multi-talent. As a playwright/actor, Arlene's award winning solo shows have toured in NY, Chicago, LA, and internationally. In addition to her TV and film work—some of it good, most of it bad—she has performed on dozens of plays. Arlene loads up each personal tale with depth, heart, smarts, and profound humor. She teaches writing in Chicago and Los Angeles; and she is the only actor to have appeared in Shakespeare AND Doogie Howser in the same 24 hours. Find out more at: Arlene Malinowski.
STEPHANIE ROGERS is a musician, actor, bandleader and live-lit lover who is pursuing a Master's in Written Communications at National Louis University in Chicago. She received her undergraduate degree in Theatre from Northwestern University and has since been seen and heard on tv, stages, films, websites and in clubs, bars and hotels. Her website features three original cds released on her label, Hipchick Records, and contains information about her supercool event band.
7.2.15 at The Wilmette Theatre
Julie Ganey is a Chicago actor, writer, and teacher. As a performer, she has worked with the Goodman Theatre, Victory Gardens, Northlight, Shattered Globe, and Drury Lane Theatre, among others. Her original solo shows, The Half-Life of Magic and Love Thy Neighbor...till it hurts have been produced by Fillet of Solo, Next Theatre, 16th Street Theatre, and the side project theatre. Julie is a company member at 2nd Story, and her work has been featured on WBEZ. In addition, Julie is a teaching artist at Lifeline Theatre and the Goodman, and is particularly proud of her work with students of all ages.
Lily Be is a momma, a nanny, activist, and storyteller who was born and raised in Chicago's Humboldt Park neighborhood. Lily is the first Latina Moth GrandSLAM champion, WNEP Maelstrom improvised storytelling champ, and host/producer of The Stoop at Rosa's Lounge. Her stories are featured on the RISK podcast, WBEZ Nerdette podcast, WBEZ presents Shannon Cason's Homemade Stories podcast, and The Moth Radio Hour, to name a few.
Lynne Jordan is Chicago's unstoppable DIVA who joins us again after wowing audiences in February this year. She is a skilled songstress and a riveting performer who masterfully moves and inspires her audience. She is currently developing her much-awaited first SOLO SHOW, with stories and songs, and will share a bit of both with us tonight!
Laurie Empen is a Chicago-based actress, musician and early childhood development specialist. Having recently dipped her toes back in the 'stage waters', she is happy to be part of STORY JAM. You can find her teaching/guiding young children and their parents/caregivers at Ms. Laurie's Play Group – www.mslauries.org- an award winning program she created during her studies towards a Master's Degree in Early Childhood Development from Erikson Institute, and caring for many children as a childcare provider, when her schedule allows.
Paul Traynor made his StoryJam debut in February, and most recently appeared in the new comedy "The Art of Motivation", at Stage 773 in Chicago. As a corporate speaker, he's done presentations for dozens of Fortune 500 companies throughout North America and Europe. As a filmmaker, he's produced videos for hospitals, law firms, churches and non-profits. Paul wrote & directed the feature film "Witches' Night," and is currently working on a new web series entitled "Turner." He lives in Wilmette with his beautiful wife, Lindley, and his five above-average children.
Stephanie Rogers is a musician, actor, bandleader and live-lit lover who is pursuing a Master's in Written Communications at National Louis University in Chicago. She received her undergraduate degree in Theatre from Northwestern University and has since been seen and heard on tv, stages, films, websites and in clubs, bars and hotels. Her own website features three original cds released on her label, Hipchick Records, and contains information about her supercool event band.
2.21.15 at The Wilmette Theatre
LYNNE JORDAN is Chicago's unstoppable DIVA. She is a skilled songstress and a riveting performer who masterfully moves every soul in the house. She is currently developing her much-awaited first SOLO SHOW, with stories and songs, and will share a bit of both with us on February 21st!
Many of you will remember PEGGY WARD's hit show MAMAPHOBIA, about her hilarious take on motherhood. A consummate entertainer, Peggy is everyone's funniest friend, especially when you follow her around on errands. Also a riot in the theatre, Peggy graces our Wilmette stage all the way from her home in Glenview, where she finds daily, riveting humor in her three kids, husband and dog, Mulligan.
DOUG REED (aka "BaronVonReed") is a truly compelling, brainy-witty storyteller, as well as an actor, award-winning playwright, novelist, and former sportswriter. His work appears regularly in Madison-area theaters, most notably at: Broom Street; The Bartell; and The Stoughton Opera House. He has astonished audiences in Chicago and Milwaukee, New York, and Los Angeles. Check him out at: BaronvonReed
PAUL TRAYNOR is a devilishly handsome and hilarious actor, writer, film-maker and spokesperson. As a corporate speaker, Paul has done presentations for dozens of Fortune 500 companies throughout North America and Europe. As a filmmaker, he's produced videos for hospitals, law firms, churches and non-profits. Paul wrote & directed the feature film "Witches' Night", and is currently working on a new web series entitled "Turner". He lives in Wilmette with his beautiful wife, Lindley, his five endearing and above-average children, and his nippy new puppy, Arrow. Paul is deeply honored that his talented friend and neighbor, Stephanie, is writing a song about him.
STEPHANIE ROGERS is a musician, actor, bandleader and live-lit lover who is pursuing a Master's in Written Communications at National Louis University in Chicago. She received her undergraduate degree from Theatre at Northwestern University and has since been seen and heard on tv, stages, films, websites and in clubs, bars and hotels. Her own website features three original cds released on her label, Hipchick Records, and contains information about her supercool event band.
Thank you for supporting STORY JAM !!!!


text:
Tag Archives: Writer
Beijing, China, China stories, Culture, Employment issues, From Beijing..., Health, Life lessons, Oh China, Teaching, Travel, WoHMo, World
March 29, 2017 ZhendeGender	Leave a comment
When I first arrived in Beijing in September 2014, I knew almost nothing about the country I'd just moved to. I was embarking on a new life that didn't seem to have a sell-by date – I had no idea how long I'd stay or even when I would next go home.
While many of my initial questions were answered long ago, the questions never stop arising, and the number seems to grow rather than shrink. The deeper into creating a real life I venture, the greater my curiosity for this vast country grows.
About thirty months ago, a few weeks into my Beijing life, I wrote what was to be my first and only "Beijing Update". I sent it as an email and posted part of it on my blog, as a list of weird things I'd learned about Beijing.
While I'd like to imagine I've shed my China naivety, after almost three years living here, I'm not even sure that's even possible. At no point have I felt that I could ever stop learning about this monolith of a nation. So to honour that never-stop-learning spirit, here's an updated look at those weird things I'm still about Beijing:
Thousands of bikes crowd Beijing's streets | image from guardian
Health Check. All foreigners must go through a basic health check as part of their visa application. Only selected hospitals provide this all-inclusive test of sight, blood pressure, height, and weight. Patients get a little manhandled as they are passed from doctor to doctor, who take a blood sample, a chest x-ray, a cardiogram and an ultrasound. Standard procedure. Friends of mine speculate it's all an elaborate ruse to check foreigners for HIV/Aids and other venereal diseases, which could result in a denied visa. I've luckily only been through it once, but I've got it coming whenever I change job or get a new visa.
IKEA. I avoid Ikea in Beijing like the plague. Yes, it is treated like a social outing. Yes, people go there to sleep. Yes, people go there on dates. No, it is not a fun place to be. I went once and have never yet been back. I'll just have to ensure I don't wind up in a less-than-desirably-furnished apartment!
Milk. Fresh milk appeared in my local supermarket a few months after my first frantic search for it. I stopped buying yoghurt and milkshakes by accident, and I only buy cartons of UHT from our closest shop during bouts of laziness.
Long nails. A significant number of men have long nails on their little finger, often just on one hand. It's a status symbol showing that the hands' owner doesn't work with their hands, but most people I see on the subway simply use their pinkie nail to dig that little bit deeper for ear wax.
Public toilets. There are still public toilets all over the place, but only in certain areas. Bars and restaurants in the Hutongs don't have loos, and will never have them. Some are kept clean, others are not. Most but not all are squatters. Many don't have cubicles or even dividers. Few have hand-washing facilities and fewer have soap. Never forget to bring your own bog roll.
Bikes. If I thought there were bicycles everywhere in 2014, you can't move for bikes now. Cycling has become cool again, thanks to Mobike and Ofo, companies that enable you to hire a bike by scanning a QR code. Beginning with student areas like Wudaokou, these bikes have slowly overrun the city and clogged up an already slow-moving two-wheel traffic system. They're dockless, so the rider can just leave them wherever his or her journey ends. More than once, I've seen men unloading 50+ Mobikes onto a single street corner in a busy area late at night. There are stories of burning piles of bikes. There's less space to lock a bike you actually own, but less likelihood of theft.
Holiday compensation. In 2014 I was surprised that I was required to work on a Saturday and Sunday to compensate for national holiday. I soon learned that this is common practice. Working at weekends (usually doing one or more six-day-week), is considered fair recompense for having consecutive days off. It gets particularly messy when the celebrated holiday falls mid-week. This never becomes normal; working 'make up' days in order to earn a holiday never seems fair. But it makes sense, given the size of the country and the familial nature of traditional holidays, to allow the population time to visit their hometowns for celebrations like Qing Ming Jie or Tomb Sweeping Day.
I've learned a lot in my thirty-one months in Beijing, and I have enjoyed the incessant challenge this metropolis poses. Although sometimes it feels the smog outweighs the curiosity, I don't think I'll ever stop (begrudgingly) raising questions. Which is why Beijing continues to be my home.
Header image from: Uber for Bikes: how 'dockless' cycles flooded China – and are heading overseas, Guardian
ChinaEqualityFamilyIdentityStoriesWomen's History MonthWriter
Activism, Beijing, Culture, Gender, I am a Feminist!, Life lessons, Politics, Quotation, Reading, Teaching, WoHMo, Women, Words and Women
Words and Women: bell hooks
If feminism is a movement to end sexist oppression, and depriving females of reproductive rights is a form of sexist oppression, then one cannot be anti-choice and be feminist. A woman can insist she would never choose to have an abortion while affirming her support of the right of women to choose and still be an advocate of feminist politics. She cannot be anti-abortion and an advocate of feminism.
bell hooks, 1988 | image from autostraddle
bell hooks (b. 1952) is an American feminist activist, writer and educator. Born Gloria Jean Watkins, she's best known by her pen name which she borrowed from her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. hooks' writing primarily focuses on the intersections of race, class, and gender, in history, art, education, social activism and much more.
This quotation is taken from chapter 1 of her concise, straightforward feminist handbook Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics (2000), which she says she wrote because she "kept waiting for it to appear, and it did not." Other influential works (there are 30 in total!) include:
Ain't I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism (1981)
All About Love: New Visions (2000)
Ain't I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism (1981), Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984), All About Love: New Visions (2000), and We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity (2004).
Words and Women is a regular feature that spotlights short quotations from influential women activists, artists, and authors.
Anti-choiceBooksEqualityFeminismHistoryIdentityPoliticsPro-choiceReadingWomenWomen's History MonthWriter
Beijing, China, China Voices Project, London, Quotation, Reading, WoHMo, Women, Women of China
Closer Look: Xiaolu Guo
"You know it's illegal to possess two passports as a Chinese citizen?" I saw her take out a large pair of scissors and decisively cut the corner off my Chinese passport. She then threw it back out at me. It landed before me on the counter, disfigured and invalid.
Author and filmmaker Xiaolu Guo | image from guardian
Xiaolu Guo is a Chinese filmmaker and author based in London. We met at Beijing's Literary Festival in 2015, where we discussed writing techniques (she always writes by hand before word-processing, which is part of her editing process) and she borrowed my black biro to autograph copies of her books. She signed a copy of her debut book in English, A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers, which was shortlisted for the 2007 Orange Prize, for me. I wanted to buy a copy of her latest novel, I Am China (published by Random House in 2014), but the bookstore's order of had not made it through Chinese customs due to the controversial content of the book. Guo advised me to read it as an e-book, saying she didn't think I'd be able to acquire a hardcopy in Beijing soon.
Below is an extract from Xiaolu Guo's latest book, Once Upon a Time in the East: A Story of Growing Up, which was published by Chatto & Windus on 26 January, 2017. This extract was originally published by the Guardian.
Some years later, after I had published a number of books in Britain, I managed to finish a novel that I had been labouring on for years. Publication was due in a few months' time, but I began to worry that it would bring me trouble when I next tried to go back to China, since the story concerned the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989 and the nature of totalitarianism. What if I was denied entry because of this book? I decided to make preparations before it came out. So, since I had been living in the UK for nearly 10 years, I applied for a British passport.
I spent some months gathering the necessary documents for my naturalisation. After a drawn-out struggle with immigration forms and lawyers, I managed to obtain my passport. Now, I thought to myself, if there was any trouble with my books and films, I would feel a certain security in being a national of a western country. Now I could go back to visit my sick father and see my family.
A week later, I applied for a Chinese visa with my British passport. After waiting at the visa application office in London for about half an hour, I found myself looking at the visa officer through a glass barrier. The woman wore horn-rimmed glasses and had her hair cut short, military-style. She looked like a resurrected Madame Mao. She took my British passport and scanned me up and down. Her face was stern, the muscles around her mouth stiff, just like all the other Communist officials, seemingly trained to keep their faces this way.
"Do you have a Chinese passport?" She stared at me with a cold, calm intensity, clutching my British passport.
I took out my Chinese passport and handed it to her through the narrow window.
She flipped through its pages. The way she handled it gave me a sudden stomach ache. I sensed something bad was coming.
"You know it's illegal to possess two passports as a Chinese citizen?" she remarked in her even-toned, slightly jarring voice.
"Illegal?" I repeated. My surprise was totally genuine. It had never occurred to me that having two passports was against Chinese law.
The woman glanced at me from the corner of her eye. I couldn't help but feel the judgment she had formed of me: a criminal! No, worse than that, I was a Chinese criminal who had muddied her own Chinese citizenship with that of a small, foreign state. And to top it all, I was ignorant of the laws of my own country.
She then flipped through my visa application, which was attached to my British passport, and announced: "Since this is the first time you are using your western passport, we will only issue you a two-week visa for China."
"What?" I was speechless. I had applied for a six-month family visit visa. Before I could even argue, I saw her take out a large pair of scissors and decisively cut the corner off my Chinese passport. She then threw it back out at me. It landed before me on the counter, disfigured and invalid.
I stared, without comprehension, at this once-trusted document. The enormity of what had just happened slowly began to register. Although I was totally ignorant of most Chinese laws, I knew this for certain: when an embassy official cuts your passport, you are no longer a Chinese citizen. I stared back at Madame Mao with growing anger.
"How could you do that?" I stammered, like an idiot who knew nothing of how the world worked.
"This is the law. You have chosen the British passport. You can't keep the Chinese one." Case closed. She folded my visa application into my British passport and handed them to another officer, who took it, and all the other waiting passports, to a back room for further processing. She returned her tense face toward me, but she was no longer looking at me. I was already invisible.
'Is this what the west is really like?' How it felt to leave China for Britain, Xiaolu Guo for the Guardian
BooksChinaIdentityPoliticsReadingStoriesWomenWomen of ChinaWomen's History MonthWriter
Beijing, China, China Voices Project, Chinese, Gender, Health, Interview, Long Read, Politics, WoHMo, Women, Women of China
Hedonism, Reproductive Health, and Fighting Repatriation: Lijia Zhang on her Debut Novel Lotus (Interview: Part 3)
March 22, 2017 ZhendeGender	2 Comments
Inspired by her grandmother's deathbed confession of being sold to a brothel, Lijia Zhang injects her cutting social criticism into her first novel, Lotus. The book delves deep into the sex industry in contemporary Shenzhen, following a young migrant woman, Lotus, who is eager to escape her life as a prostitute.
They refuse to use femidoms because they are too big to swallow. In a raid, sex workers will swallow any condoms they have on their person, because condoms (used or unused) will be used as hard evidence by the police.
I spoke with Lijia Zhang in December 2016, just weeks before the publication of her long-awaited first novel, Lotus. In part one of this interview, we discussed her personal reasons for telling this unparalleled story, how she learned to relate to Chinese sex workers, and how her own struggle for self-improvement informed her character, Lotus.
In in part two of this interview, we talked about how women are faring in China's sexual revolution, Chinese attitudes toward contraception and reproductive health, and the lengths some women go to in the fight against the patriarchy.
Here, in part three, we discuss China's turn towards hedonism since Mao's era of sexual purity, how sex workers approach reproductive health, and how migration and class-based oppression create problems for already disadvantaged women.
Lotus provides a close look at the southern city of Shenzhen. What does your novel convey about greater Chinese society?
Every society has prostitution. There is a saying in China: 饱暖思淫欲 温饱而思淫欲 [bǎo nuǎn sī yínyù wēnbǎo ér sī yínyù]. It means once you have food and clothing you start thinking about sex.
Society has become hedonistic after Mao's regime of sexual purity and sexual repression. China has become materialistic, restless. Other reasons for the growing sex industry include growing wealth, relaxed social control and the resulting growth in individual personal freedom. Plus of course, China's population is increasingly mobile. Young migrant workers often can't bring their wives with them or establish a relationship.
Prostitutes are real people, and I wanted to expose that. They are not always sexually appealing, but they know all the tricks of how to flirt and attract men. The oldest sex worker I met was a woman in her middle 60s. Another middle-aged sex worker had a grown-up daughter who was married. Some women really get stuck in the trade and cannot get out. Like any job, there are drawbacks. But their lives are not totally bleak either.
The Hukou system is effectively China's apartheid system. The Hukou prevents migrant workers getting really good jobs. It is because of the Hukou that migrant workers and urban residents live such separate lives.
When she becomes a prostitute, Lotus has no idea about sexual health. Her clients pay more for sex without a condom, and one man even washes out an expensive "Golden Gun – Never Flops" condom for later use. What are the pervasive attitudes and challenges to sex education?
The legislation states sexual education should be taught in schools, but it is not compulsory and it is not enforced. It is not on the government's list of priorities. There aren't calls from the public for sexual education but there are non-governmental organisations providing information on a wide range of things, from HIV/Aids clinics to promoting openness about sexuality.
Many prostitutes are not educated about sexual health. Their bosses often tell them that it is ok not to use a condom, because they get more money that way. They will say, "it looks clean" and agree to sex without a condom. Many men will refuse to wear a condom.
One NGO promoting sexual health suggested prostitutes start using femidoms, because then the women themselves could have control of the contraception and they don't have to rely on the clients wearing a condom. But the prostitutes said they cannot use femidoms, because they are too big – in a raid, they will often swallow the condoms they have on their person, because condoms (used or unused) will be used as hard evidence by the police. But femidoms were too big to swallow so they would not carry them or use them.
The detail about Family Treasure washing out the condom for later use is true. I heard lots of stories like that. That brand, 'Golden Gun – Never Flops', is a real brand of condoms, you know!
Migrants tend to live on the outskirts of cities where they can find cheap temporary housing, occupying a liminal space between urban and rural, where they find it hard to integrate. Lotus's status as a migrant seems to compound her existing problems. How do migration issues compound women's problems in China?
The Hukou system prevents migrant workers getting really good jobs. The Hukou is effectively China's apartheid system. It is partly because of the Hukou that migrant workers and urban residents live such separate lives. In the novel, Lotus tries to become a salesperson, she even buys the clothing for it. But she cannot because she doesn't have the correct residence papers.
How does the legal position of sex workers reflect patterns of class-based oppression in China?
Most women come to prostitution through personal choice. There is very little trafficking, there are very few women who are sold into prostitution, there are not many pimps. However, there are some cases where the pimp is the woman's husband or brother.
Prostitution is illegal. The government does not really know how to tackle the problem so the police do big raids and crackdowns. The police arrest as many women as they can. The police will use any evidence they can to prove the women are prostitutes. Condoms – used or unused – are considered hard evidence.
Crackdowns are a big problem. The police will beat up the women and force them to confess. If the woman goes unconscious, they will force her to drink water mixed with wasabi so they wake up. A woman I know was sprayed with a high-pressure hose with cold water, and then they put the air conditioning on. When she vomited, they made her eat her own vomit.
If they can prove that a woman is a prostitute, they will repatriate her, take her back home. Repatriation means that the woman will be sent back to her hometown in shame, and her family will have to pay the fine. That means everyone will find out the truth. They will do anything to avoid this. I know a woman who slept with the policeman but still had to pay the fine before they would let her go. They would rather borrow money to pay the fines, lose all their savings and go bankrupt, than be sent home in shame.
There was a woman who worked at a high-class place in Beijing, who was killed – they don't know exactly how but it could have been one of her regular clients or her boyfriend. When they searched her apartment, they found 200,000 yuan in cash hidden all over her home.
'Identity, Breast Implants, and Wanting More from Life: Lijia Zhang on her Debut Novel Lotus' (Part I) Zhendegender
Sexuality, Contraception, and Challenging the Patriarchy: Lijia Zhang on her Debut Novel Lotus (Part II) Zhendegender
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Words and Women: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | image from guardian
In the face of the proposition that feminism has become too mainstream, that feminist activism has become an empty marketing tool, Adichie responds:
This idea of feminism as a party to which only a select few people get to come: this is why so many women, particularly women of colour, feel alienated from mainstream western academic feminism. Because, don't we want it to be mainstream? For me, feminism is a movement for which the end goal is to make itself no longer needed. I think academic feminism is interesting in that it can give a language to things, but I'm not terribly interested in debating terms. I want people's marriages to change for the better. I want women to walk into job interviews and be treated the same way as somebody who has a penis.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian novelist and feminist activist, who lives in the US with her husband and young daughter. Her most recent publication, Dear Ijeawele, Or A Feminist Manifesto In Fifteen Suggestions, is based on a letter she wrote to her friend, who asked Adichie for tips on how to raise her child as a feminist.
The book, which was published on 7th March 2017, focuses on teaching feminism to those we love through one's own actions and relationships, taking Adichie's suggestions far beyond the realms of parenthood. Dear Ijeawele is accessible to anyone anywhere, making it a truly intersectional manifesto for feminists the world over.
Quotation from Adichie's recent interview with the guardian.
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Sexuality, Contraception and Challenging the Patriarchy: Lijia Zhang on her debut novel Lotus (Interview: part 2)
China is going through a sexual revolution. If her husband cannot satisfy her, a woman can divorce him. These women will not stand for second best, because they don't have to any more.
Here, in part two, we talked about how women are faring in China's sexual revolution, Chinese attitudes toward contraception and reproductive health, and the lengths some women go to in the fight against the patriarchy.
Author Lijia Zhang © Li Qiang
Lotus struggles to align sexual desire and social norms. She's learned that good women shouldn't enjoy sex, yet earning money involves trying harder to please clients. How are attitudes towards women's sexuality changing?
I met a woman who was very empowered by earning money, and by her relative liberation since becoming a sex worker. People don't get into the trade for sexual pleasure, but some women do find sexual pleasure with clients, which they hadn't experienced with their husbands.
China is going through a sexual revolution. Studies show that a much higher number of people are having sex before marriage than previously. In sociologist Li Yinhe's 1989 study, 85% of people claimed they had no sexual experience before marriage. Among the 15% who did have sexual experience, some of them were already engaged, which means by Chinese standards that they are already a couple. (According to The Report on the Health of Chinese People's Sex Life, jointly released by Media Survey Lab and Insight China magazine, 71.4% of people were sexually active before marriage in 2012.)
There are more prostitutes, more pornography, more young people having sex before marriage, a higher rate of divorce, and now people have many different sexual partners. If her husband cannot satisfy her, a woman can divorce him. These women will not stand for second best, because they don't have to any more.
Another woman I met felt very conflicted about one of her clients. An older colleague with more experience told her to just imagine, "The clients give us sexual pleasure and money. We use them for a service – not them using us." She called clients dogs. She joked that a perfect job would be something that would give her both sexual pleasure and money. But she also craves respect.
Having a mistress (Ernai, or second wife) is a very common way for a man to show his money and status. This started with the Emperor and noblemen, who would have many concubines. Maoist reforms in the 50s changed that, even though Mao himself was doing all sorts of things with young women behind closed doors, disobeying his own rules. For some time prostitution was very uncommon in China but the rates are high again. Now, men have mistresses to prove they have a lot of money and a high status. Ernais are just glorified prostitutes. The relationship between a man and his Ernai is primarily about money and economic status, not love.
Abortion is not considered a danger to society. It is just a common form of birth control, and people rely on access to abortion. Most people don't think a foetus is a human being, so it is not a problem.
Lotus accompanies her friend Mimi to an abortion clinic, where she listens to her friend's screams from the waiting room after Mimi's boyfriend disappears. Although this is an emotive scene, abortions are very common in China with about 16 million abortions are performed annually. Is abortion viewed as a social or political problem in China?
Abortion is quite a normal thing in China. I've had an abortion, my sister has had several abortions, and my mother had abortions. There is no social stigma because Chinese women don't carry the same emotional or religious baggage about abortion as people in the West. It is not considered a danger to society. It is just a common form of birth control, and people rely on access to abortion. Women don't get counseling after abortions like in the UK. Most people don't think a foetus is a human being, so it is not a problem.
It is very easy to get an abortion, but it is not always safe. There are many hospitals and clinics that women can go to. There are adverts in the back seats of cabs: "quick and easy treatment at such and such a clinic." Some women go to get very cheap backstreet abortions, and it can be very dangerous. They go to places without proper licenses and get a razor treatment or something like that and it is very harmful.
Most women don't know about other types of contraception. The information is not really available. So they just use abortions as contraception. I think this is changing, if slowly, and more women are learning about other ways to prevent pregnancy.
What is the worst thing about the state of women's rights in China today?
There are a lot of problems for women in China. Women still have much less power than men, and lower social standing but the wage gap is probably the worst thing. The latest official statistics suggest that the income for urban women is 67.3% of men's income while women in the countryside make only 56% of what men make. But many women are empowered by being able to earn money. There was one sex worker I met who bought a flat for herself and her mother to live in, in a city near her village. I think moving to the city is the best possible outcome that villagers hope for.
Did you hear stories about women fighting back against patriarchy while you were researching the novel?
I know a woman who was with a client who wanted a blow job. He had not given her enough money, so she said no. He told her "stop pretending you are a noblewoman, you are a common prostitute," but she still refused to take less money. He said, "fuck your mother", and she replied, "leave my mother out of it." Again, he said "fuck your mother", so she picked up a heavy glass ashtray and she hit him in the face with it. She lost her job for that, and she lost a few thousand kuai on the deposit she had paid the massage parlour she worked at as a guarantee she would not run away. But a friend helped her get a job at a higher-class establishment instead.
I know another woman who ultimately wanted to get out of the trade. She made a deal with herself that she would get out if she could earn 10,000 kuai. So she earned 10,000 and she said, 20,000 and I will leave. When she reached 20,000 she said to herself, "now I have to save up to buy a home." When she had bought her home she still did not give up the trade. Then she learned about the dangers of unprotected sex: she got very worried that she had contracted HIV because she had had unprotected sex. She realised she could have died by now. So she went for a test. Back then the results would be really slow, she had to wait several weeks. While she was waiting for the results, she made a deal with herself. She decided if she got through this without HIV, she would really quit the trade. Her results came back clean, so she quit.
Identity, Breast Implants, and Wanting More from Life: Lijia Zhang on her Debut Novel Lotus (Part I) ZhendeGender
Hedonism, Reproductive Health, and Fighting Repatriation: Lijia Zhang on her Debut Novel Lotus (Part III) ZhendeGender
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Words and Women: Vera Nazarian
March 7, 2017 ZhendeGender	Leave a comment
A woman is human.
She is not better, wiser, stronger, more intelligent, more creative, or more responsible than a man.
Likewise, she is never less. Equality is a given.
― Vera Nazarian, The Perpetual Calendar of Inspiration
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text:
Is Division 1-A too big? When will it stop growing?
The Division I-A continues to grow in the south. Currently the division has 16 teams in it and the Northern region has nine teams. The Southern region just added three more teams, Del Sol, Spring Valley and Sierra Vista. This has some of the schools in the Northern I-A a little uneasy.
By Vern Hee Pahrump Valley Times vhee@pvtimes.com
August 8, 2014 - 8:02 am
Dr. Greg Koenig, Churchill County Board of Trustees and a Region II member of the Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association in the North at the June 18 meeting had a concern for the growth of the division. He let the NIAA know that the Northern I-A schools would not be in favor of any more expansion. He spoke out while the board passed a motion dealing with the improvements to the I-A rubric.
He said, "based on the most recent two-year cycle which shows eight schools in total would have dropped from the Division I to the I-A based on the new threshold mark, if the committee's underlying attempt was to really have a large Division I-A and an elite Division I, of which the Division I-A Northern schools would not be in favor."
What was Koenig's concern? Donnie Nelson, the Assistant Director of the NIAA, shed some light on Koenig's comments. He believes Koenig was concerned about representation at the state tournament. This goes back to the pre-existence of the I-A Division. Southern schools had felt that the South should get more representation at the state tournament level just because the South has more schools than the Northern division, but to this day representation is equal at the state tourney, two from the North and two from the South. "When the original rubric was designed there were a certain number of teams that were going to be assigned to the I-A and based on what has transpired and the success of the rubric, I think there are more Division I teams than expected, that want to play in the I-A for competitive balance reasons primarily. The original rubric had two teams transition into the I-A and two teams from the I-A transition back to Division I. So the numbers in the I-A would stay static. What has transpired now is that the I-A has grown," Nelson explained.
Nelson added, "Some will argue that this was not the original intent and this is a "white board" type of situation, where adjustments are being made every two years. I think Koenig's concern in representing the Northern I-A league, is that he did not want the Southern Division I-A teams to keep expanding. He wants to know when this will end."
Nelson said there may be some schools in the Southern region that think they should have more representation in the tournament than the I-A Northern league.
Larry Goins, the liaison for the Nevada Athletic Directors Association, disagrees with Nelson's assessment of the Southern region I-A schools. He said he thought that after this year the I-A in the Southern region would not expand anymore. "Right now the Southern I-A is very satisfied where they are at. I think they expect in at least two years there will be at least two schools that will go back to Division I. To be honest with you, I don't think you will see continued growth of the Southern I-A. I think it will level out and I think it could go the other way. I can also say that the athletic directors in the South, because the rubric has been a good move for everybody, they don't want to rock the boat," he said.
Goins feels that if anything changes with the representation it will be at the regional level, keeping the two state representatives from the South and two from the North at the state tourney. The regional level could expand to six teams instead of the current four.
This brings up the point whether or not that in the future there will be a cap on the amount of teams allowed in the I-A.
Nelson believes this will be handled at the spring meeting of the NIAA. "We are now in year three of the four-year realignment cycle. And we are in year one of two, because we do things in two-year blocks. At the end of this school year the board will finalize the realignment for the 2016-17 season. I think a lot will be decided at the end of this year," he concluded.
Posted on: Sports
Preseason workouts underway for Pahrump Valley boys soccer
By Tom Rysinski Pahrump Valley Times
The Pahrump Valley High School boys soccer team ended a decade-long playoff drought in dramatic fashion last fall.
Pahrump resident Gulley wins Senior Games gold bowling with his brother
Sixteen years is a long time between winning medals in a national sporting event, but Randy Gulley proved last month that, when it comes to bowling, he's still got it.
Lee Canyon announces fundraiser for injured athletes raised more than $20,000
While Lee Canyon's location seven climate zones above the desert floor keeps summer guests cool and comfortable, those who have been injured negotiating the slopes during the winter are never far from the minds of management, employees and guests.
Jones, Musial, Bulac win Pahrump Valley Open Inferno at Lakeview
Deron Jones remembers playing in the Pahrump Valley Open Inferno in the past, when it was an annual event at Lakeview Executive Golf Course.
Souza's Bucking Bulls returning to Tonopah rodeo
Ask Manuel Souza what is most important about the rodeos his Souza's Bucking Broncos puts on, and he's quick to answer.
Ex-Trojan Sandoval getting back on wrestling mats at Ottawa University
Editor's note: This is the fifth in a series catching up with Pahrump Valley High School graduates who are continuing their athletic careers in college.
Pahrump youth baseball teams have rough weekend in Las Vegas
It was a rough weekend for Pahrump baseball teams, as two of them traveled to Las Vegas for postseason tournaments and came back 0-2 in the double-elimination events.
Frazier captures Saddle West Open horseshoes tournament in Pahrump
The tournament was held at Petrack Park in Pahrump. The tournament was sponsored by Saddle West Hotel Casino RV Resort in Pahrump. So naturally, someone from Pahrump was the big winner.
Pahrump's Zink upbeat after competing at National Senior Games
From a purely competitive standpoint, it would be hard to have a rougher trip to the National Senior Games than Susan Zink.
Pahrump Little Leaguers open district play Saturday in Las Vegas
Ask Kayne Horibe about his confidence level going into this weekend's District 4 Tournament, and you get a very reasonable response.


text:
Q: Why can't I use Array.prototype.find with String.prototype.startsWith as the filter? This throws an error:
['hello'].find('helloworld'.startsWith);

Uncaught TypeError: String.prototype.startsWith called on null or undefined
at startsWith (<anonymous>)
at Array.find (<anonymous>)
at <anonymous>:1:11

But when wrapped in an arrow function, it works fine
['hello'].find(string => 'helloworld'.startsWith(string));

"hello"

Why is this?

A: Because you need not only the function, but also the bound object.
This could be achieved by using thisArg of Array#find

console.log(['hello'].find(String.prototype.startsWith, 'helloworld'));

or by binding the string to the function.

console.log(['hello'].find(String.prototype.startsWith.bind('helloworld')));

// sloppy
console.log(['hello'].find(''.startsWith.bind('helloworld')));


Amanda Knight is the designer and owner of Delicate Designs by Amanda. She carefully designs and hand crafts each piece of jewelry in her studio in Malvern, PA. With over 20 yrs. of jewelry design experience, Amanda finds her inspiration from the pure beauty of natural stones and crystals. She aspires to design quality jewelry that is versatile and will be worn for many years on casual and formal occasions.
After graduating from West Virginia University and then working in the printing industry, Amanda decided to pursue her dream of designing jewelry. She believes wearing beautiful things gives us positive energy which rejuvenates confidence about our self-image and inner being. Now, she enjoys balancing her family life while working creatively and independently. Retail shops have been carrying her work since the year 2000.


The "Above Level Mobile" will be pulling out of my drive today in route to the Penn Ohio Morgan Show. The show runs from Friday-Sunday afternoon so stay tuned later this week for class video (provided I can get it uploaded onto YouTube!). If you want to see a particular class, comment on this post and I will do my best to get it taped.


text:
Wake Forest falls to Michigan State in Pinstripe Bowl
The Demon Deacons' three-game bowl winning streak was snapped
December 28, 2019 Dan Gelston, The Associated Press Article, College Football, Sports
Michigan State quarterback Brian Lewerke runs away from Wake Forest defensive lineman Manny Walker during the Spartans' win Friday in the Pinstripe Bowl at Yankee Stadium. (Frank Franklin II / AP Photo)
NEW YORK — Mike Panasiuk ripped off his Michigan State helmet and hoisted it in the air, unleashing the hidden part of his scruffy beard that's normally a no-no at Yankee Stadium. Facial hair is banned for all Yankees, and so, for the Spartans, are the kind of acts of unsportsmanlike conduct that get a big guy like Panasiuk penalized.
The penalty was worth it for the burly Spartans defensive tackle, who rumbled 14 yards on an interception for his first career touchdown. His brother, Jacub, triggered the pick when he swatted the ball at the line. It took a bounce off a fallen player, and into Panasiuk's hands.
"Shoutout to Mike," Michigan State's Kenny Willekes said. "That's pretty damn cool to score a touchdown at Yankee Stadium."
Brian Lewerke took it from there in his final game. Lewerke threw for 320 yards and a touchdown and ran for a score in Michigan State's 27-21 victory over Wake Forest on Friday night in the Pinstripe Bowl at Yankee Stadium.
"When you're a senior and you play your last football game, you want it to be your best," coach Mark Dantonio said.
Lewerke threw a 10-yard pass to wide receiver Cody White in the third quarter to put the Spartans (7-6) ahead 27-21 and they survived down the stretch to give Dantonio his sixth bowl victory.
"As the game progressed we got more confident, we got stronger," Dantonio said. "I think that was the difference, our attitude."
Attitude, sure. But a defense that gave up 250 yards of offense and 21 points to the up-tempo Demon Deacons in the first half pitched a shutout in the second and surrendered just 101 yards.
"Once we got used to it, I feel like we had the game in our hands," Panasiuk said.
Panasiuk had the ball in his hands for an early contender for wildest play of the bowl season. Wake Forest's Jamie Newman failed to get enough lift on an early pass attempt that turned into a bit of a 4-6-3 touchdown on the Yankee Stadium field. Panasiuk's measurements look a little like this: height, 6-foot-4; weight, 300 pounds; unkempt beard length, oh, let's say 4 to 6 inches.
"Great play by him, a very alert play by him," Dantonio said.
Michigan State got the go-ahead score and not much else, allowing Wake Forest (8-5) chances to win nine games for just the third time in program history.
"We felt great about our chances to win it," Wake Forest coach Dave Clawson said.
Michigan State tried to give away the game twice in the fourth, the first time on Lewerke's shovel pass to tight end Trenton Gillison inside the 10 that was stripped and recovered by linebacker Ja'Cquez Williams at the 6.
The Demon Deacons failed to score on the drive, and handed Michigan State another chance to seal the victory. Again, the Spartans couldn't put it away when Matt Coghlin was wide left on a 28-yard field goal attempt with 3:03 left. Wake Forest's last chance ended on an incomplete pass on its own 16.
White finished with 97 yards receiving and Elijah Collins had 96 yards rushing.
Dantonio said he would play multiple QBs to give the program a better feel for what it had on the depth chart to work with next season. But Michigan State stuck with Lewerke, in his fifth-year and making his 38th career start, and he responded in the clutch when he connected with White and was named the bowl MVP.
Newman did all his damage for the Demon Deacons in the first half, throwing three touchdown passes for a 21-20 halftime lead. Newman, the MVP of last season's Birmingham Bowl, hit Kendall Hinton with a 29-yard scoring strike on Wake Forest's opening drive and wide receiver Donavon Greene made a sensational one-handed scoring catch early in the second quarter for a 14-10 lead.
Newman connected with Jack Fruedenthal on a 44-yard play that again gave Wake Forest the lead, 21-17.
Lewerke had an 8-yard TD run and Coghlin kicked 23- and 44-yard field goals for the Spartans in the first half.
Wake Forest: Snapped a three-season bowl winning streak. The Demon Deacons have had one of their most successful eras under Clawson and he credited a stout senior class for leading the way.
"I think the telltale sign of our program is we're not happy," he said. "We're disappointed we didn't get double-digit wins, that we didn't win our fourth bowl game in a (row). I think we're past the point of just being happy to get to a bowl. I think these guys have changed the culture and expectation level of our program."
Michigan State: Michigan State finished the decade 92-40, a successful standard even as the program eked out 7-6 records in two straight seasons.
Michigan State President Samuel Stanley, just five months on the job, gave a vote of confidence to Dantonio. Dantonio's 114 wins are the most in MSU history.
"I think coach Dantonio has really an incredible track record," Stanley said. "He's the winningest coach in MSU history. So I am pleased with the direction of the program overall. The season was not what we hoped for last year, there's no question, but I think he is the right person to continue."
The Yankee Kicker
Wake Forest punter Dom Maggio tried to give the Demon Deacons a jolt with a 46.8 average on six punts.
Lewerke passed Connor Cook to become Michigan State's career leader in total offense with 9,548 yards.
He said the game was "up there, for sure" as one of his best.
Warm Up Act
Football in New York in December? Bundle up! Not quite. Traditionally one of the coldest bowls on the schedule, it was a downright balmy 54 degrees at kickoff and temps remained in the lows 50s for the duration, much to the delight of the 36,895 fans at Yankee Stadium.
Dave Clawson
Dom Maggio
Donavon Greene
Jack Freudenthal
Jamie Newman
Ja'Cquez Williams
Kendall Hinton
Mark Dantonio
Wake Forest Football
UNC breezes past Temple in Military Bowl
Hurricanes' MSG struggles continue
Wake Forest QB Hartman suffers season-ending injury
November 4, 2018 Brett Friedlander Article
Wake Forest already faced a short week of preparation in advance of Thursday's game at NC State. The Deacons' task got even more complicated Sunday with coach Dave Clawson's announcement that quarterback Sam Hartman will […]
Duke, UNC lead the way in NC basketball
November 8, 2017 Brett Friedlander and Shawn Krest Article
North Carolina boasts both the NCAA defending champions and the 2017-18 season's preseason No. 1. It's no surprise to see the former, UNC, and the latter, Duke at the top of the heap, but each […]
NBA hopefuls prepare for draft at Chicago Combine
May 15, 2019 Shawn Krest Sports
The NBA Draft Combine begins Wednesday in Chicago, with interviews and player testing. Later in the week, NBA hopefuls will participate in drills and scrimmages, hoping to impress pro scouts prior to next month's draft. […]
US Space Force begins its work as the sixth branch of the US military
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The U.S. Space Force announced Friday that service members had begun wearing Space Force nametapes at the Pentagon. The arrival of military dress for the force came just days after Vice President [...]
Duke drops its second straight, loses at home to Louisville
Corvette wins car of year award, Kia Telluride takes top SUV
Attorney general says Phoenix airport ride-hailing fee is unconstitutional
Harry, Meghan to quit royal jobs, give up 'highness' titles
Trump names legal team for impeachment proceedings
Trump welcomes LSU Tigers to White House
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