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Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge
in Arts and Culture Quiz, General knowledge, Quiz Questions
by Admin updated April 28, 2020, 6:28 pm
Academy Awards Quiz – Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge Part 1
1. The 2000 film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon won four Academy Awards, including best foreign-language film. In what language was it filmed?
Answer: Mandarin Chinese.
The popular martial-arts drama, directed by Ang Lee, is set in 18th-century China.
2. In 1984 Linda Hunt won the best supporting actress Oscar for her performance as a male character in which film?
Answer: The Year of Living Dangerously.
Linda Hunt portrayed Billy Kwan, a photojournalist covering the political tumult of Indonesia in the mid-1960s.
3. "Which motion picture won the Academy Award for 1955?" is an important line in which 1990s best picture nominee?
Answer: Quiz Show.
The 1994 movie dramatizes the 1950s TV quiz-show scandals, focusing on an incident in which a contestant was instructed by the show's producers to miss a question on purpose. The 1955 best picture winner was Marty.
4. Who won consecutive best actor Oscars for Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)?
Answer: Spencer Tracy.
Over the following 30 years, Spencer Tracy earned six additional Oscar nominations but never again won. Other performers to win back-to-back Oscars include Luise Rainer, Katharine Hepburn, and Tom Hanks.
5. In 2003 Meryl Streep became the most-nominated performer in Oscar history. Who held the record before her?
Answer: Katharine Hepburn.
Katharine Hepburn earned 12 nominations, all in the best actress category. She won for the films Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981).
6. Which 1927 film was the first-ever best picture winner?
Answer: Wings.
This silent movie tells the story of two World War I aviators in love with the same woman (played by Clara Bow).
7. Who is the only Oscar winner named Oscar?
Answer: Oscar Hammerstein II.
Best known for his stage musicals with Richard Rodgers, the songwriter won two Oscars in the 1940s, both for best original song.
8. Marlon Brando famously refused his best actor Oscar for The Godfather (1972) in protest. What was he protesting?
Answer: The film industry's treatment of Native Americans.
When Brando was announced the winner, he shocked the audience by sending activist Sacheen Littlefeather to the stage to decline the Oscar on his behalf.
9. Who was the first African American to win an Academy Award?
Answer: Hattie McDaniel.
Hattie McDaniel won best supporting actress for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939).
Cubism: Art and Artists Quiz – Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge Part 2
10. How many phases did the Cubist movement have?
Answer: 3.
There were three phases: early Cubism, Analytical Cubism, and Synthetic Cubism.
11. What type of Cubism incorporated pieces of newspaper?
Answer: Synthetic Cubism.
Synthetic Cubism introduced untraditional materials onto the canvas, and newspaper was particularly popular.
12. When were Cubist works first exhibited publicly?
Answer: 1912.
Though Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were busy painting in the Cubist manner beginning in 1907, there was no formal exhibition of Cubist works until 1912, and works by Picasso and Braque were conspicuously absent from the event.
13. Who was a main source of inspiration for Cubist artists?
Answer: Paul Cézanne.
Post-Impressionist Paul Cézanne introduced the idea of using basic geometrical forms to create a composition. Applying geometry and calling attention to the two-dimensionality of the painting surface were two fundamental principles of the Cubist movement.
14. Pablo Picasso developed Cubism with which other artist?
Answer: Georges Braque.
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the pioneers of Cubism.
15. When were the first Cubist works created?
The first Cubist works were painted in 1907, Pablo Picasso's (in)famous Les Demoiselles d'Avignon among them.
Art of the Harlem Renaissance Quiz – Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge Part 3
16. Which photographer created some of the most memorable images of the Harlem Renaissance?
Answer: James VanDerZee.
James VanDerZee, who was one of the most successful photographers of the era, was not recognized by the greater art world until the late 1960s.
17. Which painter was influenced by African design elements as well as abstraction?
Answer: Lois Mailou Jones.
Lois Mailou Jones mastered several styles, including traditional landscapes, but later in her career abstraction and African design elements began to dominate her work.
18. Which too-little-known sculptor examined issues of race and class in her portrait busts and other works?
Answer: May Howard Jackson.
May Howard Jackson never traveled to Europe for training, as many of her African American contemporaries had, but pursued her own vision.
19. Which painter, known for landscapes and biblical themes, was an inspiration to many young artists associated with the Harlem Renaissance?
Answer: Henry Ossawa Tanner.
Henry Ossawa Tanner was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government in 1923.
20. Who painted a series of murals collectively titled Aspects of Negro Life?
Answer: Aaron Douglas.
Aaron Douglas painted the series for the 135th Street Branch of the New York Public Library.
21. Which medium was artist Hale Woodruff's specialty?
Answer: Painting.
Among his other paintings, Hale Woodruff made three noted mural series.
22. Which sculptor is known for the poignant portrait bust Gamin (1929)?
Answer: Augusta Savage.
Gamin is one of a limited number of extant sculptures by Augusta Savage, many of whose works were lost or destroyed.
23. Which sculptor impressed Auguste Rodin and anticipated the Harlem Renaissance with Ethiopia Awakening (1914)?
Answer: Meta Warrick Fuller.
Meta Warrick Fuller went to Paris in 1899 and met Rodin a few years later.
24. Which painter is best known for his depictions of black social life and jazz culture in vibrant city scenes?
Answer: Archibald Motley.
A Guggenheim fellowship took Motley to Paris for a year, where he painted some of his best-known works showing Parisian nightlife.
The Simpsons – Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge Part 4
25. Which of the professional baseball players recruited to play for the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant's softball team actually appeared in the team's championship game?
Answer: Darryl Strawberry.
After Mr. Burns fills the power plant's softball roster with ringers from Major League Baseball, the players fall victim to random happenings that prevent all but Strawberry from playing in the championship. Since Strawberry plays Homer's position, he's kept out of the game until Burns brings him in as a pinch hitter in the ninth inning, when Homer wins the game by getting hit in the head by a pitch with the bases loaded.
26. According to the Smokey the Bear display in the episode "Mountain of Madness," only who can prevent forest fires?
Answer: Me.
Bart is given two buttons ("you" and "me") to choose from in the display. When asked "Only who can prevent forest fires?" he presses "you," but the Smokey display responds "You pressed 'you' referring to me. That is incorrect. The correct answer is 'you.'"
27. Why does Ralph Wiggum like sleep?
Answer: That's where he's a Viking.
The colorful Ralph Wiggum enjoys his sleep because, as he notes in the episode "Lisa the Vegetarian," "that's where I'm a viking!"
28. Who founded the town next to Springfield after he had a falling out with Jebediah Springfield over whether their settlement should allow people to marry their cousins?
Answer: Shelbyville Manhattan.
Manhattan and Springfield planned to establish a settlement together, but the former founded his own town—named Shelbyville—after Springfield refused to make the freedom to marry one's cousins ("because they're so attractive," according to Manhattan) one of the town's founding principles.
29. What is Homer's "secret shame?
Answer: He eats flowers.
After Mr. Burns places hidden cameras in the Simpsons' house in the episode "Burns' Heir," Bart learns that Homer occasionally steals off into the bathroom to discreetly eat flowers. When an angry Bart throws a bouquet at Homer and tells him to "go eat some flowers," Homer laments, "my secret shame!"
30. What words are tattooed on Sideshow Bob's chest?
Answer: DIE BART, DIE.
At a parole hearing, Sideshow Bob is questioned about his chest tattoo, which he says is simply German for "the Bart, the," prompting one of the parole board members to note that "no one who speaks German could be an evil man," and Bob's parole is then granted.
31. Who shot Mr. Burns?
Answer: Maggie Simpson.
In the two-part episode that ended season six and kicked off season seven, Chief Wiggum tries to figure out who shot Mr. Burns. While many residents of Springfield had a reason to do so, it turns out that he was accidentally shot when his own gun fell out of his holster and into Maggie's hands during a struggle over a lollipop.
32. Which mustachioed man is mistaken for Homer in disguise by Moe the bartender?
Answer: Guy Incognito.
In the episode "Fear of Flying," Guy Incognito—who looks just like Homer wearing a fake mustache and speaks with an odd accent—walks into Moe's Tavern shortly after Homer is banned from the establishment. That unfortunate timing leads to Guy getting beaten by patrons of the tavern and thrown out into the street as the real Homer walks by.
33. What event convinces Lisa to become a vegetarian?
Answer: A visit to a petting zoo.
In the first seasons of The Simpsons, Lisa is an omnivore like the rest of her family, but, after an interaction with an adorable lamb at a local petting zoo during the show's seventh season, she decides to forgo meat, a character development that she maintains throughout the remainder of the series.
Classic American Comic Strips Quiz – Arts and Culture in Different Places – General Knowledge Part 5
34. What were the names of the Katzenjammer Kids, who wreaked domestic havoc in the funny pages beginning in 1897?
Answer: Hans and Fritz.
The twin boys of a German American immigrant family were incorrigible practical jokers, making life miserable for their Mama and Der Captain.
35. Which comic, first published in 1908, was set in a rural community and featured a ramshackle old trolley that twisted and turned through the landscape?
Answer: Toonerville Folks.
The Toonerville Trolley did not actually appear in the strip until 1916, but eventually it became one of the most recognizable parts of Toonerville.
36. Which comic strip, which began running in the Chicago Tribune in 1919, featured a baby named Skeezix?
Answer: Gasoline Alley.
Lead character Walt Wallet adopted a foundling and called him Skeezix, a term used by cowboys for orphaned calves.
37. In which comic strip did Popeye the Sailor first appear, 10 years after the strip's 1919 debut?
Answer: Thimble Theatre.
Popeye was introduced in 1929 when Olive Oyl's brother Castor hired him as crew for a planned sea voyage.
38. Which comic strip began (1925) as a daily lesson on good manners?
Answer: Etta Kett.
Originally intended as instruction for teenagers in the ways of polite behavior, Etta Kett evolved into a strip about the life of its title character, a well-behaved teenage girl.
39. Which long-running strip featured a pair of physically opposite friends who met at a mental hospital?
Answer: Mutt and Jeff.
It began life as A. Mutt in 1907, but in early 1908 the tall man Augustus Mutt met the diminutive Jeff on a visit to the institution. (Jeff's name derived from his belief that he was former heavyweight champ James J. Jeffries.) The title was soon revised to Mutt and Jeff.
40. George Herriman's brilliant Krazy Kat took place in which real-life location starting in 1916?
Answer: Coconino County, Arizona.
The sweetly eccentric and all-too-trusting Krazy (Krazy's sex was never clear: sometimes male, sometimes female), together with his/her "Li'l Dollink"—the brick-throwing mouse, Ignatz—and friends like the cop "Offissa" Pupp and Don Kiyote, inhabited a strange, rather surreal desert landscape in the American Southwest.
41. Which comic strip did newspaper syndicate King Features start in 1929 in response to the popularity of rival Chicago Tribune Syndicate's Little Orphan Annie?
Answer: Little Annie Rooney.
In the cutthroat world of newspaper comics in the 1920s, it was only logical that the red-haired orphan adopted by Daddy Warbucks would soon have an imitator. Little Annie Rooney, also a feisty orphan, was looked after by relatives.
42. Winnie Winkle, which started in 1920, was one of the first strips about the adventures of a young single working girl. What was another?
Answer: Tillie the Toiler (1921).
Tillie was a secretary but also a part-time model. The strip's creator saw to it that Tillie always wore the most up-to-date fashions.
43. What was the real title of the comic strip usually known as Maggie and Jiggs (or Jiggs and Maggie), which began running in 1913?
Answer: Bringing Up Father.
One of many comics centering on America's immigrant population of the early 20th century, Bringing Up Father wrung comic plots from the life of a newly wealthy working-class Irish family—a former mason and his socially ambitious wife and daughter.
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Why is Dental Social Media Marketing is essential for your dental clinic ?
Social media provides a tremendous marketing opportunity for your dental clinic.
According to research by TechCrunch, these are the following statistics of social media usage in 2017.
The world is on Social media and it expects you to be there too.
You can reach your target audience through social media and create a meaningful relation with them by sharing engaging content.
You can educate people through friendly and funny posts. Gain their trust and build a lifelong relationship with them. With interesting content, you can attract the attention of many social media users.
Social media influence on a person is tremendous.
It influences their decision from choosing a restaurant to choosing a dentist. When a person checks in at your dental clinic on social media. It is seen by all his friends and friends of friends which influence their decisions.
It serves as a word of mouth marketing channel for a large base.
Referrals are an important part of dentistry. You might get the most patients through referrals by your existing patients.
Social media is a referral site with enormous reach. If one person reviews services of your dental clinic, it serves as an online word of mouth publicity of your dental clinic. Most of the general population trust an online review as they trust a word from a person's mouth.
A positive review on any social media site is far more outreaching than a personal referral. You may get one patient through referral, but positive online reviews can reach a hundred users and get you ten new patients.
Social media ads like Facebook ads are easy in the pocket and can be targeted to a specific audience. You can start an ad campaign with a budget comfortable to you and analyze its reach and performance.
Social media ads can be tailor-made and guided according to the analytics and research.
They give you the most return when compared to other forms of marketing with a larger reach and complete control.
Social media is not area specific or even country specific. With a business page on social media, you can reach any number of borders and attract patients through any corner of the world without losing local patients.
With a boom in international medical tourism, it has never been easier to attract international dental patients to your dental clinic. The medical tourism is expected to grow 7 to 8 billion dollars in India till 2020. It wouldn't be a hassle to get your share in it through social media marketing.
Influencers here are people with a large number of friends and followers on social media. Many brands and companies use this kind of marketing to promote their products. Though it is not a popular practice among dentists, you can be the first to use this kind of marketing to promote your dental clinic.
You can narrow down people with most followers on social media and ask them to leave a review or check in or directly promote your dental clinic to their followers for an amount of money. It is more effective than traditional marketing as it comes under word of mouth publicity rather than marketing.
Through social media, you can take your dental clinic to new heights.
With effective marketing and content strategies, you can transform your dental practice and reach your new patient goals with ease.
Most dentists are too busy to market their clinics, but with right marketing partners, it is easier than it looks to increase your revenue.
Creating your presence on social media and marketing your dental practice can seem overwhelming to a dentist who is not social media savvy.
But with consistency, quality content and right marketing strategies, you will start to reap benefits of social media marketing sooner than later.
Contact Techie Dentist to make your social media presence and start a social media marketing campaign to earn higher ROI than expected.
If you are a DIY Dentist, for tips and tricks in Social Media Marketing for Dentist subscribe to our blog.


White root rot, caused by the fungus Scytinostroma galactinum (formerly Corticium galactinum), has been known as a parasite of apple trees for many years and is widely distributed (Canada to Texas and westward to the Pacific coast, Europe, West Indies, and Japan). It occurs in both bearing and non-bearing apple orchards. Other hosts include a wide variety of woody plants, ornamental shrubs, and herbaceous perennials, including white pine, ash, peach, blackberry, dewberry, Japanese wineberry, dogwood, sumac, white campion, holly, and kalmia. The fungus causes a decay of firs, western white cedar, and spruce.
When present in orchards, the disease usually is on trees set on newly cleared land or near woods. The fungus appears on the surface of affected apple roots, often near the collar, as a white or cream-colored layer of mycelia, which may persist for several years on old apple stumps and roots. The wood under the bark of affected roots often shows characteristic bird's-eye or zonate spots. At times, affected roots appear knotted or gnarled. The fungus is a typical white rot pathogen, producing in diseased roots wood that is very soft and lightweight. The pathogen produces spores on an inconspicuous hymenial layer on the surface of roots, on the surface of soil at the base of trees, or in open pockets in soil. This layer is white to cream-colored when it is dry. It is waxy cream to ochraceous buff when it is moist.
Aboveground symptoms of the disease include poor terminal growth and small, light-colored leaves. Trees often die suddenly, usually within 2 years after the aboveground parts first show symptoms of the disease. Trees of all ages may be killed by white root rot, although the disease occurs more commonly in older trees.
Control of white root rot depends primarily on avoiding the pathogen by not planting trees in soil that harbors it. As with Armillaria root rot, replanting is often not successful. Remove all old roots from a site for two consecutive years before attempting any replanting, and allow a year or two for any remaining tree roots to completely decompose before planting new fruit trees. No apple rootstocks are resistant to the white root rot pathogen.
Apple root showing signs of the white root rot fungus. Photo: Turner B. Sutton, North Carolina State University.


As promised last weekend in Part 1 of my "How to Make an Easter Bunny Coconut Cake" post, here is Part 2 with my finished cake for tomorrow's party. If you missed Part 1, please check it out!
Bake your cake and cool it completely.
Use the paper cutouts as a guide to cut your cake, then arrange it on a platter or baking sheet.
Frost top and all sides of the cake with about 2 cups of white icing, or as much as is needed - be sure your icing is not too thick or it will tear the cut edges of the ears and bow tie.
Press 2 cups of the shredded coconut (toasted if you like, or not if you want it pure white) against the sides only of the cake, leaving the top with just the white icing.
Take the remaining 1 cup of icing and color small amounts of it with gel food coloring.
Pipe it onto the cake (just a plastic baggie with the corner cut off should work just fine) to create bunny features. Just Google cartoon drawings of bunnies for inspiration!
Sprinkle the rest of the coconut onto the platter or baking sheet - you can even dye it green for fun.
Show it off to your family and friends and enjoy!


Law Web: When court should grant decree for eviction of tenant on ground of inadequate and delayed payment of arrears of rent?
When court should grant decree for eviction of tenant on ground of inadequate and delayed payment of arrears of rent?
A further indisputable position has emerged that after institution of the suit for eviction by the plaintiff, the defendant had faltered in complying with mandatory prescription stipulated under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act making deposit of arrears of rent along with interest within the period of ninety days from the date of service of suit summons and the arrears of rent were deposited with fifty three days delay, without interest @ 15% as required. Judgment in the case of "Vinayak Narayan Deshpande" (Supra) relied upon on behalf of the applicant, in paragraph No. 14 makes reference to that if the tenant chooses not to pay arrears of rent as required under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, the landlord cannot be denied a decree for ejectment on the ground of default in making payment of rent, if he proves that the tenant is in arrears of rent.
1. Rule. Rule made returnable forthwith and heard finally with consent of learned advocates for the parties.
2. This civil revision application has been preferred by defendant in Regular Civil Suit No. 260 of 2007. Regular Civil Suit No. 260 of 2007 had been instituted by present respondent claiming to be owner and landlord of suit premises.
3. Suit premises are two room admeasuring about 300 square feet, situated on first floor of a building situated in CTS No. 1513 and 1514/2 at Wanjar Lane, in Ahmednagar city.
4. Suit premises were let out to one Savitri Ramchandra Sachdeva, on rent at the rate of Rs. 80/- per month. However, she had been in arrears of rent since November, 2004 onwards. She died on 16th March, 2005.
5. The applicant - defendant is daughter of Savitri Sachdeva. She occupies suit premises after death of Savitri.
6. The respondent - plaintiff had issued notice dated 13th March, 2007 by registered post to defendant and demanded arrears of rent up to 16th March, 2005 and compensation at the rate of ` 1000/- per month alleging illegal occupation after death of Savitri and, possession on various other grounds, inter alia, for reasonable and bona fide requirement.
7. According to plaintiff, neither the notice had been responded to nor possession had been handed over, as such, aforesaid suit ensued.
8. Defendant, in response to suit summons, had in defence filed written statement denying all the averments in the plaint excluding rate of monthly rent and her possession over suit premises. It was contended by the defendant that she was and has always been ready and willing to pay rent, however, the plaintiff had not accepted payment of rent from her. She had sent a sum of Rs. 2160/- by a cheque dated 21st March, 2007 to plaintiff along with reply to the notice. However, same had been received back. The defendant has deposited rent in court under an application and as such, she has not committed any default in making payment of rent. It is the contention of the defendant that she has not changed user of suit premises, as alleged. Students come to her for consultation and queries in respect of their studies and she is providing guidance and knowledge to them. She further denied that suit premises were in dilapidated condition. It is contended by her that plaintiff is a permanent resident of Shrirampur and has business at Babhaleshwar and has no intention to settle down at Ahmednagar. Suit premises are not, as such, required reasonably and bona fide by the plaintiff. There are other rooms, which are lying vacant in the building. The plaintiff is not using those rooms. The defendant is staying alone in suit premises and have no other premises in possession providing accommodation and as such, would suffer greater hardship, if decree of eviction is granted against her.
9. Trial court, with reference to the pleadings, had framed necessary issues. Trial court had dismissed the suit, inter alia, holding that the defendant is not a defaulter, tenancy is not terminated by notice and also holding in the negative that the plaintiff requires suit premises reasonably and bona fide and it had considered that relationship of landlord and tenant had not ceased after death of mother of the defendant.
10. In the circumstances, the plaintiff - landlord had been before appellate court in Regular Civil Appeal No. 140 of 2011, wherein points for determination in respect of default being willful in making payment of rent and reasonable and bona fide requirement of the landlord along with concomitant point regarding greater hardship between parties had also been framed. The appellate court found that there has been default, which has been willful and that the requirement of the landlord being reasonable and bona fide and comparatively hardship suffered by the plaintiff would be greater than that of the defendant. The appellate court, as such, set aside the dismissal of the suit of the landlord and had decreed the same directing vacation of suit premises by the defendant - tenant.
11. It is, as such, against aforesaid reversal of decision of trial court by the appellate court present civil revision application has been preferred by the defendant.
12. Mr. Gholap, learned advocate appearing for the applicant - defendant forcefully submits that the matter gives rise to host of questions. In the first place, whether the suit could be maintained for eviction under provisions of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 in the face of the situation that the landlord has refused to consider the applicant - defendant as his tenant. According to learned advocate, in the circumstances, a suit under section 33 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, is not maintainable. The plaintiff in his capacity as owner of suit premises may have to approach a different forum as he himself on his own volition denies relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties. He submits that section 33 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act is available for resolution of disputes between landlord and tenant and not otherwise. While landlord having contested status of the defendant as "tenant", suit under provisions of Maharashtra Rent Control Act would not lie and the appeal, which is continuation of the suit is much less tenable pursuant to provisions of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act.
13. Mr. Gholap further contends that even assuming for the sake of arguments that such a suit may be possible, yet it is not a case wherein it can be said that grounds on which eviction has been directed by the appellate court would be available for the respondent - landlord. He submits that the notice issued by landlord cannot be said to be a legal notice and it cannot be termed a notice in accordance with law, it having demanded an amount much more than deserved by way of rent. He submits that it is an admitted position that rate of rent had been Rs. 80/- per month, whereas from March, 2005 demand has been for an amount of Rs. 1000/- per month, which is far more than the rate of rent. He contends, it cannot be said that the notice is as contemplated in law and is not in accordance with law and that such a demand is illegal demand. He submits that section 10 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act would evince that the demand being made under the notice is not legal and as such, the notice is rendered illegal.
14. He further submits that despite notice being illegal, the applicant bona fide had tendered an amount of Rs. 2160/- through a cheque along with reply to the notice to the plaintiff. However, the plaintiff had avoided to receive the tendered amount and response to the notice, as would emerge from evidence on record. He submits that there is a categorical endorsement of the postal department depicting that while the notice was tried to be served, in the first attempt, the remark shows that "addressee had been absent" and on the second occasion the remark shows that "addressee is not traceable". This according to him, shows that the plaintiff has been resident of Shrirampur whereat the response to the notice had been sent by the defendant.
15. Learned advocate further purports to point out that the response to the notice had to be sent to Shrirampur, for, the plaintiff had not been resident of Ahmednagar and it surfaces from evidence that he had in fact not been residing at Ahmednagar. For said purpose, he purports to refer to the statement of plaintiff in his cross examination, according to him, which depicts that he is not resident of Ahemdnagar since he has stated that he does not know about his address on the ration card or for that matter voters' list and further intriguingly that he did not know name of his landlord where he was supposed to be residing in Ahemdnagar. He submits that overall position, as such, emerges that the defendant is justified in sending response to the notice to Shrirampur.
16. He, therefore, submits, it is a case wherein it is easily discernible that the notice has been complied with removing the very cause against the defendant and once this has emerged, the suit on the ground of default is absolutely untenable.
17. Mr. Gholap submits that it is likely that a counter argument in this respect would be advanced with reference to section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act that after institution of the suit and service of summons on the defendant, there had been no tender of rent in the stipulated prescribed period under section 15 (3) of the Act. He submits that, may be ostensibly, tender of rent is not within stipulated period. Yet, there is only a marginal delay and it is readiness and willingness which should be taken into account. He submits that provisions of section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act prominently show that while tenant is ready and willing to pay amount of rent, ordinarily no eviction on the ground of default would be possible. One will have to flex the provision accommodating little delayed payment, as tenant is ready and willing to pay, no decree for eviction shall be passed by court in a suit for recovery of the possession on ground of arrears of rent.
18. Learned advocate further submits, so far as other ground of reasonable and bona fide requirement is concerned, it had glaringly emerged that the plaintiff does not at all require suit premises reasonably or bona fide and that the same is testified in his cross examination. The plaintiff has unequivocally stated that two rooms are in possession of the defendant and rest of the six rooms are in his possession and there is no documentary evidence to show that he is occupying those six rooms and has further stated that said rooms have been presently locked. He, therefore, submits that even on the ground of reasonable and bona fide requirement, suit, as such, could not have been decreed and the appellate court on both the counts has erred in granting decree of eviction.
19. In support of his submissions, Mr. Gholap, learned advocate, relies on a clutch of judgments tendered across the bar during the course of hearing. He refers to and relies on a judgment of this court in the case of "Vinayak Narayan Deshpande v. Deelip Pralhad Shisode" reported in MANU/MH/2029/2009 : 2010 (3) Mh.L.J. 807, in support of his submission that as in the case of notice pursuant to section 12 of the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates (Control) Act, notice under section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, shall have to be strictly construed and since notice, as referred to above, being illegal, in his submission, suit seeking decree of recovery of possession on the ground of non-payment of rent, was not maintainable. He for said purpose refers to paragraphs No. 14 and 17 of said judgment.
20. Mr. Gholap, further refers to a decision of this Court in the case of "Ganpat v. Motilal Champalal Lunawat" reported in MANU/MH/0042/1977 :  0 AIR (Bom) 344, which according to him rules that a defective notice is fatal.
"4. the admitted and proved facts in this petition clearly show that within one month, the tenant on March 11, 1975 remitted the entire arrears of Rs. 2421.14 paise by a Demand Draft. A look at the envelope shows the necessary postal endorsements that the landlord not having been found at the delivery time. The fact clearly show that the landlord, plaintiff No. 1 has admitted that the envelope bears his correct address. It is common that the postal authorities in the matter of addressee not being found at delivery time consecutively sent intimation and then keep the registered envelope for a period of a week to enable the addressee to collect the envelope personally attending the post office. The envelope (Exhibit-35) in the instant petition bears all the necessary endowments and the learned counsel appearing for the petitioners has not raised any dispute in regard thereto. In law, failure on the part of the addressee in collecting the envelope on intimation in spite of the fact that the postal authorities retaining the envelope for a period of one week, as has been placed on evidence in this matter, cannot but would amount to a refusal on the part of the landlord. This court in P.A. Kowli V. Narayan Jagannath Mahale, Mah MANU/MH/0408/1980 : LJ 1981, P.355 has already taken such a view in regard to the fact and not found at delivery time in regard to the notice of demand amounting to refusal. "
22. He then cites another judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of "Mohan Laxman Hede v. Noormohamed Adam Shaikh" reported in MANU/SC/0286/1988 : AIR 1988 SC 1111 in order to buttress his submission that delay caused in making payment of rent pursuant to provisions of section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act will have to be liberally construed and it may not be said to be fatal irregularity so far as defendant is concerned.
23. The other citation he relies on is in the case of "Bismilla Bee Sk Chand and Another v. Mohd. Anwar Modh. Akhtar" reported in MANU/MH/1536/2009 : 2010 (2) Mh.L.J. 829 to urge that section 16 (2) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act has cast an injunction on the court against passing a decree of eviction if greater hardship would be caused to the tenant.
"7. In a suit for recovery of rent where admittedly one party is the landlord and the other the tenant, S. 28 of the Act explicitly confers on courts specified therein jurisdiction to entertain and try the suit and expressly prohibits any other court exercising jurisdiction with respect thereto. Similarly, in a suit relating to possession of premises where the relationship of landlord and tenant admittedly subsists between the parties, jurisdiction to entertain and try such a suit is in the 374 courts specified in s. 28 and no other. All applications made under the Act are also to be entertained and disposed of by the courts specified in s. 28 and no other. In all such suits or proceedings the courts specified in s. 28 also have the jurisdiction to decide all claims or questions arising out of the Act or any of its provisions. The words employed in s. 28 make this quite clear. Do the provisions of s. 28 cover a case where in a suit one party alleges that he is the landlord and denies that the other is his tenant or vice versa and the relief asked for in the suit is in the nature of a claim which arises out of the Act or any of its provisions? The answer must be in the affirmative on a reasonable interpretation of s. 28. Suit No. 483/4400 of the Court of Small Causes, Bombay was admittedly by a landlord. Eviction of the tenant and those to whom he had sublet the premises was sought on the ground that the latter were trespassers and the former was not entitled to remain in possession, that is to say, that none of the defendants to that suit were protected from eviction by any of the provisions of the Act. The suit, in substance, was a denial of the right of the defendants as tenants. The claim of the defendants was that they were protected by the provisions of the Act. In such a suit the claim of the defendants was one which arose out of the Act or any of its provisions and only the courts, specified in s. 28 and no other could deal with it and decide the issue. "
25. Learned advocate, therefore, submits that section 33 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act takes within its fold even the case where landlord denies relationship that defendant is his tenant and the Supreme Court, as referred to above, is very explicit on that and as such, there is no substance in the objection, in the first place for not having taken defence on this ground and further having regard to aforesaid ruling on the point.
26. Next, he submits that the decision being relied upon by the applicant in the matter of "Vinayak Narayan Deshpande" (Supra) is a decision which has been held to be per incuriam, under a reasoned decision of this court by Hon'ble Single Judge and submits that a strict construction of notice is not contemplated as is contended on behalf of the applicant. He submits that the notices are to be construed reasonably, rather liberally, giving allowance to parties concerned.
"6. On hearing the learned counsel for the parties and on a perusal of the judgments referred herein above, it appears that the first appellate Court was not justified in reversing the decree passed by the trial Court in favour of the landlady. The first appellate Court was not justified in holding that the notice issued by the landlady under Section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 was bad in law as the landlady claimed the arrears of rent at the rate of rupees four hundred and fifty per month instead of seeking the rent at the rate of rupees two hundred per month, which was admitted. The first appellate Court while relying on the judgment reported in MANU/MH/2029/2009 : 2010 (3) Mh.L.J. 807 (Vinayak Narayan Deshpande and others. v. Deelip Pralhad Sisode), failed to consider the subsequent judgment of this Court reported in MANU/MH/1271/2010 : 2011 (2) Mh.L.J. 156 (Sriniwas Babulal V. Ramakant s/o Shivnarayan Jaiswal) which in turn had referred to the judgments reported in MANU/MH/0235/1983 : 1983 Mh.L.J. 254 (Chhaganlal Mulchand Jain v. Narayan Jagannath Bangh) and MANU/MH/0368/1998 : 1998 (3) Mh.L.J. 237 (Lalji Lachhamanadas v. Amiruddin Amanulla and Another). It appears that when the learned Single Judge was considering the question of validity of the notice under Section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 in the judgment reported in MANU/MH/2029/2009: 2010 (3) Mh.L.J. 807 (Vinayak Narayan Deshpande and others. v. Deelip Pralhad Sisode), the judgment of the Division Bench reported in MANU/MH/0235/1983 : 1983 Mh.L.J. 254 (Chhaganlal Mulchand Jain v. Narayan Jagannath Bangh) and the judgment of the learned Single Judge reported in MANU/MH/0368/1998 : 1998 (3) Mh.L.J. 237(Lalji Lachhamanadas v. Amiruddin Amanulla and Another) were not brought to the notice of the learned Single Judge. It was held by the Division Bench of this Court in the judgment reported in MANU/MH/0235/1983 : 1983 Mh.L.J. 254 (Chhaganlal Mulchand Jain v. Narayan Jagannath Bangh) that a notice seeking arrears of rent should not be construed strictly and if the notice seeks an amount higher than the admitted rent, it would be open to the tenant to send such amount as according to him is due subject to the liability that if ultimately a larger amount is found to be due, he could not be said to have complied with the requirements of the notice. A similar view was expressed in the judgment reported in MANU/MH/0368/1998 : 1998 (3) Mh.L.J. 237 (Lalji Lachhamandas v. Amiruddin Amanulla and another) wherein this Court has held that the notice of demand by a landlord seeking arrears of rent at the rate of Rs. 13.56 per month as against the standard rent at the rate of Rs. 12.00 per month was not bad-in-law and the tenant had an option to pay the undisputed amount at the rate of Rs. 12.00 per month and raise a dispute as regards the claim made by the landlord. Admittedly, in the instant case the respondent-tenant had not paid the arrears of rent at the rate of rupees two hundred per month within a period of ninety days from the receipt of the notice. So also, the tenant had admittedly not deposited the arrears of rent at the rate of rupees two hundred per month within ninety days from the receipt of the suit summons in the trial Court. The trial Court, therefore, rightly held that the landlady was entitled to possession under Section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999. The first appellate Court, however, relied on the judgment reported in MANU/MH/2029/2009 : 2010 (3) Mh.L.J. 807 (Vinayak Narayan Deshpande and others. v. Deelip Pralhad Sisode) to hold that the notice was bad-in-law and the suit was not maintainable. It is clear from the various decisions of this Court that the notice was not bad-in-law and it was open for the respondent-tenant to deposit the admitted arrears of rent. The tenant, having failed to deposit the admitted rent, was liable to hand over the possession of the property to the landlady under Section 15 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999. "
28. He submits that the gist of the notice is that the tenant had fallen in arrears and that he should make good by paying arrears of rent. He further points out that high court in aforesaid paragraph No. 6 reproduced has clearly considered, if notice seeks amount higher than the admitted rent, it would be open to the tenant to send such amount as according to him is due subject to the liability that if ultimately a larger amount is found to be due, he could not be said to have complied with the requirement of the notice. He therefore, submits that as such, in the ground being taken that the notice is defective or illegal or for that matter fatal there is no water.
29. He submits that it had never been intended to receive amount from the date of death of Savitri as rent, as such, said ground is not at all available to render the notice illegal or unlawful or fatal.
30. He submits that even the contended tender of amount, which had never been received at the end of the plaintiff, cannot be said to be genuine and bona fide. He submits, tender of rent by cheque is not at all a legal tender and that sending reply to the notice to Shrirampur was merely an attempt to create a piece of evidence showing tendering of rent. However, according to him, evidence shows that, it was a lame excuse being taken and the appellate court has rightly appreciated that it did not comply with the statutory requirement of response to the notice pursuant to relevant provisions. He, with reference to a decision of the Supreme Court in the case of "Gopi Chand Gupta v. Jain Plastic Industry" reported in MANU/SC/0429/2002 : 2002 AIR (SC) 2276 makes aforesaid submission drawing attention to contents of paragraphs No. 8 and 9 therein.
31. He thereafter submits that it is not at all a case wherein it can be said that decree of eviction can be arrested, since there has been blatant disregard to comply with the statutory and mandatory stipulations under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act. He submits that even it is not at all a case of the defendant that the tender of payment of rent made in the court had been, as per prescription under section 15 (3). He submits, it is an accepted position by the defendant that the tender of rent had been delayed by fifty three days beyond the ninety days stipulation under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act. He submits, coupled with that it is further an accepted position by the defendant that the tender of rent beyond the period had not been along with 15% interest as is obligatory under said provision. He, therefore, submits that on this count alone, eviction decree was inevitable and has accordingly been passed and no fault can be found with the same.
32. As far as reasonable and bona fide requirement of the landlord is concerned, according to Mr. Mantri, it has been specifically pleaded by the plaintiff that he is an educated person looking out for carrying on some business and for the same he needed suit premises. He submits, it is not the case that the plaintiff has not occupied suit premises at all. What has been stated in his deposition was a position as had been subsisting while giving deposition. He further submits that the suit premises had become dilapidated. He submits that evidence sufficiently shows the dilapidated condition of suit premises. It is not a case, in Ahmednagar plaintiff is carrying on business at other place.
33. He further submits, so far as comparative hardship is concerned, it is not the case that the defendant is occupying suit premises for the purpose for which those were occupied by her mother. It is being utilized for commercial purpose according to him. It emerges on record that the defendant is resident of a different address altogether and according to him, it is evident from record that the defendant is occupying premises in Vijaya Residency and even while Savitri died, she had been residing along with the defendant in said Vijaya Residency. As such, according to him, while appellate court has taken proper stock of the situation and found that greater hardship would be caused to the landlord and it being a finding of fact on appreciation of evidence, is not open for to be meddled with under the revisional powers.
34. He submits that the appellate court has rightly adjudged that the landlord is the best judge of his requirement and requirement is not to be equated with dire need. The court has also appreciated the legal position that neither the court nor the tenant can dictate the landlord to occupy particular premises. The appellate court has rightly considered that though the suit has been filed in 2007 for recovery of possession, the defendant has not taken any effort to find out alternate house or accommodation and further she has not made out a case that it is impossible for her to get alternate premises. It is in the circumstances, the appellate court has rightly adjudged that the landlord would suffer greater hardship than the tenant.
35. Having heard learned advocates as aforesaid, pertinent for consideration is that there is no denial by the defendant that suit premises has come in her occupation through her mother, who was tenant of suit premises and further that the defendant does not dispute rate of rent fixed between landlord and her mother.
"27. Thereafter, the plaintiff has filed present suit on 10/7/2007 for decree of eviction against the defendant. The suit summons was served to defendant on 30/9/2007. It is the duty of defendant either to pay or tender in court the arrears rent together with simple interest @ 15% p.a. within 90 days and thereafter continue to pay or tender in the court, regularly till the decision of the suit. The defendant has tendered the arrears of rent Rs. 3120/- on 21/2/2008 vide receipt Exh. 28. Said arrears were at the rate of Rs. 80/- p.m. for the period November 2004 to January 2008. The defendant has failed to pay or tender in the court, the arrears of rent within 90 days, from service of suit summons, as provided in section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act. She has deposited arrears of rent in the court after 143 days from the date of receipt of summons. She has caused delay of 53 days after the mandatory period of 90 days.
28. It is further noted that as per sec. 15(3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, the defendant is liable to pay the standard rent then due, together with simple interest @ 15% p.a. In the present matter, the defendant has deposited arrears of rent only. The defendant has failed to deposit the interest @ 15% p.a. on the arrears of rent. The amount of Rs. 3120/- was deposited for 39 months rent @ Rs. 80/- p.m. (Rent Rs. 80/- p.m. X 39 months = 3120/-). However, the defendant has failed to pay the interest of Rs. 456/0 @ 15% p.a. on the arrears of rent.
30. In the conclude, the defendant has failed to pay the standard rent in respect of suit premises regularly. She has committed default to pay the rent from time to time. She was irregular to make the payment of rent. She is not entitled to get protection of sec. 15(1) of the Act.
31. It is further noted that after receipt of suit summons i.e. on 30/9/2007, the defendant has neither paid nor tendered in the Court, the arrears of rent with interest @ 15% p.a. within 90 days, as provided sec. 15 (3) of the Act. She has tendered only the arrears of rent after 143 days after receipt of suit summons. She has not tendered the interest @ 15% p.a. on the arrears of rent. Therefore, she is not entitled to get protection of sec. 15 (2) and (3) of the Act."
37. A further indisputable position has emerged that after institution of the suit for eviction by the plaintiff, the defendant had faltered in complying with mandatory prescription stipulated under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act making deposit of arrears of rent along with interest within the period of ninety days from the date of service of suit summons and the arrears of rent were deposited with fifty three days delay, without interest @ 15% as required. Judgment in the case of "Vinayak Narayan Deshpande" (Supra) relied upon on behalf of the applicant, in paragraph No. 14 makes reference to that if the tenant chooses not to pay arrears of rent as required under section 15 (3) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, the landlord cannot be denied a decree for ejectment on the ground of default in making payment of rent, if he proves that the tenant is in arrears of rent.
38. Jurisdiction of the court being questioned is a plea being taken in revision for the first time. It does not appear that such objection had been taken while the suit had been defended. No issue on that ground had been framed. Nor does it appear that this contention had ever been urged before the appellate court. It is not a case wherein it can be said that the court which had dealt with the proceedings, had no jurisdiction to try suits pursuant to section 33 of Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 or Section 9 of the Civil Procedure Code or for that matter section 5 of the Specific Relief Act.
39. So far as jurisdiction of court is concerned, it appears that the situation is no longer res integra and appears to be amply covered by the Supreme Court judgment in the case of "Babulal Bhuramal" (supra) relied upon on behalf of the respondent.
40. In respect of arguments advanced that notice by landlord being defective and illegal with reference to section 10 of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, it appears to be a case wherein it cannot be said that the same would be rendered fatal in view of the decision of learned Single Judge in the case of "Fehameeda Begum" (Supra) which points out that the case of "Vinayak Narayan Deshpande" (Supra) being per incuriam, in the face of division bench judgment and the observations of the division bench coupled with the fact that the notice had been for arrears of rent along with compensation for the period which is contended to be in illegal occupation after the demise of original tenant Savitri. Contention now being pressed into service is a newfound objection only in the revision. It is not the case where it can be said that notice per se is either illegal or for that matter not in accordance with law.
41. In view of aforesaid, since a decree of eviction can be possible on any one ground, it may not be necessary in the present matter to dwell upon other grounds including that of suit premises being required reasonably and bona fide by plaintiff and incidental finding with regard to greater hardship.
42. In the facts and circumstances of the case and the legal position as emerging, it does not appear that the situation calls for exercise of revisional powers of this court. Civil Revision Application as such, fails and is dismissed. Rule stands discharged.
43. At this stage, learned advocate for the applicant requests that time of six months to vacate the suit premises be granted. In the facts and circumstances of the case, the request appears to be reasonable. As such, the applicant shall vacate suit premises peacefully within a period of six months from today, without creation of any third party interest or encumbrance or transfer in any way and he himself shall hand over vacant possession of suit premises to the respondent without demur and without creating any hurdle, and on the condition that he shall continue to pay to the landlord compensation for occupation of this period of three months at the same rate as rent was being paid. Time of six months for vacating suit premises is being granted subject of course to filing of an undertaking to aforesaid effect. Undertaking be filed within a period eight weeks from today in this court. In case of failure to file undertaking within stipulated period, it would be open for the plaintiffs to proceed with the execution.


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Q: Google ReCaptcha Front-End Solution I want to use Google ReCaptcha but i also dont't want to touch server side or back-end code.
I am using ASP.Net MVC but i also don't want to use any package from nuget or any library. Solution must be front-end only. All javascript/jquery solutions are accepted.
I also note that my forms are collecting data and sending it as an e-mail to specified mailbox. I am also not using any 3rd party library for this process. It is manually coded only by ASP.Net MVC.

A: Thanks to Ivo Coumans for detailed explanation. I got it working but obvously it is not safe. Rinto Antony gave me an idea here is what i do.
I am calling the Google ReCaptcha API to head section of my website and adding the div that creates the captcha:

Since data-callback is triggering enableBtn function, it is possible to take action if it is returning true. So i have added a disabled submit button to my form.
<input type="submit" value="Gönder" id="button1" disabled>

Then i have added a simple javascript to enable it:

I am aware that this can be easily bypassed and not a real solution but it is working. I am open to any ideas that can make this better.

A: Unless you are using a CMS , you will have to put some code in the backend since you will making a POST request with the reCAPTCHA.
I highly recommend wordpress as it will be a matter of just downloading a plugin and then just copying the keys and pasting them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The PF501 is one of the latest generation of Deltec Fluidised Calcium Reactors and replaces the previous model, the PF500.
This 4th generation reactor is now fitted with sponges at the top and bottom of the reaction chamber to prevent the posibility of the fluidised media from entering the pump.
The whole lid assembly now removes via a bayonet fitting to allow easy access to the media for filling or cleaning of the reactor.
L: 8 1/2" W: 6" H: 19 3/4"
* For fluidized calcium reactors to achieve the stated capacities, Rowalith C+ media is recommended.


Isn't this time of year wonderful? I am really getting into the holiday mood now that it's almost Christmas. (It doesn't hurt that we are having flurries here today, snow always gets me in the holiday mood!) I love the traditional red and green decor, and so I made this fun Holly Jolly Christmas sign to go in my home.
In the spirit of giving, I'm sharing it with you, too!
This printable is free, just print, frame and enjoy.
Very nice printable, love the traditional colours.
Thank you, I do tend to love the traditional colors!
Perfect for the season. Featuring when my party opens tonight.


25 designs + project instructions for designing your own monthly blocks pieced and quilted in the hoop.
Twelve ITH pieced and quilted blocks set up for adding your own design for each month. One bonus sample block is included for October with a Halloween design. Add your own design to any of the month designs after color 5 either in software or at your machine. Blocks are sized for a 175mm square design. Also includes month names as separate individual designs. 25 designs total.
(lgp030) - In-the-Hoop Calendar Quilt Block Copyright 2018 Lindee G Embroidery.


We are looking for an experienced Deputy General Manager for a Vibrant Group of Expanding Restaurants in South West London.
This is a fantastic opportunity for an energetic, passionate Deputy General Manager looking to step up in this all day dining restaurant in West London.
It is exciting times for this expanding restaurant group with new openings planned. Their vibrant style provides the guest with a unique journey through exciting fresh food and exceptional service; an experience they will never forget!
This business is expanding and presents genuine opportunities for managers at all levels to progress in their careers.
As the Assistant General Manager you will be involved in all aspects of the business including running busy shifts ensuring that both customers and staff are having a good time, talent management, development and recruitment and of course ensuring that financial targets are met.
Please visit our website for full listings of all our current job roles. Change Hospitality are acting as an Employment Agency in this instance. Please quote the reference given / job title in the subject line of your email. Due to the volume of applications we regret that only successful candidates will be contacted.


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What is basic electrical wiring?
Basic electrical wiring is the installation of electrical wiring in a home or other structure to provide electricity in that location. It involves running cables, conduit, and other electrical components to create an efficient system.
The components can be wires, cable, conduit, switches, outlets, and fixtures. It is important to understand electrical wiring in order to properly install an electrical system. The two main types of wiring are low-voltage and high-voltage (or line) wiring.
Low-voltage wiring is typically used to run lights and outlets within a home. High-voltage wiring is used to run large appliances and consumer products that require more power. In addition, the wiring must be compliant with national and international safety standards.
When planning an electrical system, it is important to understand the local building codes and the electrical specifications for the specific home or building. This will ensure that you create an efficient system that is safe and up to code.
What are the 3 types of wiring connection?
The three types of wiring connections are electrical, data, and fiber optic.
Electrical wiring connections involve connecting two or more electrical devices so that they can exchange electrical signals. This type of wiring connection is used for items such as light switches, sockets, and light fixtures.
Data wiring connections facilitate the transfer of audio, video, and other data. This type of wiring connection is typically used to connect home and business networks, to connect audio and video components in a home, and to connect cell phones to a wireless network.
Fiber optic cabling connects fiber cables together and facilitates the transfer of light signals. This type of wiring connection is used to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. It is often used in applications such as telecom networks, cable television, and internet access.
What are the 3 basics of electricity?
The three basics of electricity are charge, current, and voltage. Charge, or electric charge, is a property of matter that produces electricity, and describes how negatively or positively charged an object is.
Electric current is the quantitative measure of the flow of electric charge past a given point in a given period of time, and is measured in amperes. Voltage describes the difference in electric potential between two points, and is measured in volts.
Together, these three basics of electricity form the foundation for electrical engineering, and for making electrical circuits.
What is DC or AC current?
DC or AC current refers to the flow of electrical charge. DC stands for Direct Current, which means that electric charge flows from one point to another in only one direction. DC current is commonly used in low-voltage applications such as portable electronics, automotive and home electrical systems, and telecommunications networks.
AC stands for Alternating Current, which means that the electric charge changes direction periodically. This type of current is more commonly used for higher voltage applications such as power generation, transmissions, and household electricity.
This is because it is more efficient to transmit the electricity over long distances with AC than DC. AC current is also able to convert to DC current by means of a rectifier, or other DC power supply.
AC current is also used in transformers and motors, in order to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
What do you learn on a basic electrical course?
A basic electrical course teaches the fundamentals of electrical wiring, including electrical safety, electrical installations, and troubleshooting electrical circuits. Students learn about electricity and how it works and how to use different tools and materials to work safely and effectively with electrical components.
The course covers wiring and installation of electrical systems, including switches, plugs, circuits and outlets. Students are also taught about different forms of wiring, such as conduit, armored cable and underground pipe.
Electrical theory topics covered include electricity, magnetism, electrical current, voltage, ohm's law, and power factor. In addition, students learn about electrical safety, including identification of potential hazards, and how to reduce risks associated with electricity usage.
The course teaches how to use testing devices, how to interpret test results, and how to use protective equipment such as safety glasses and rubber gloves.
What is current formula?
The current formula refers to the mathematical expression used to solve a particular problem. This can refer to the algebraic equation used to calculate a certain value, the formula used in chemistry to determine the properties of a given substance, or the mathematical equation used to calculate the volume of an object.
In some cases, the current formula differs from the traditional formula used, as there are new equations developed through technological advances or through new discoveries.
What are the 5 basic circuit elements?
The five basic circuit elements are resistors, capacitors, inductors, dependent sources, and independent sources.
1. Resistor: A resistor is a device that works to reduce or limit the current flow in an electric circuit by providing resistance.
2. Capacitor: A capacitor is an electrical component with two electrodes, and it acts as a storage device for electrical energy. It consists of two plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.
3. Inductor: An inductor is a device that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. It is made of a length of wire wound into a coil.
4. Dependent Sources: Dependent sources are sources that can only produce output when a voltage or current is applied to them. This is unlike independent sources, which produce output that is not dependent on any external voltage or current.
5. Independent Sources: Independent sources are also known as voltage sources or current sources. They act as a power source in an electrical circuit and are capable of producing voltage or current independently of external voltage or current.
Examples of independent sources are batteries and solar cells.
What is the name of 3 wires?
The three most common types of wires are copper, aluminum, and flexible stranded copper. Copper wire is the most widely used in residential electrical wiring, and is available in several gauges. Aluminum wire was used in residential wiring in the past, but is now banned by the National Electrical Code due to its susceptibility to corrosion and arcing.
Flexible stranded copper wire is designed for special applications such as signal transmission and high-amperage circuits.
What does 3 way wiring mean?
3 way wiring is a type of electrical wiring typically used in large residential settings that requires 3 different switches to control a single light fixture or light circuit. It is essential for installations where more than one switch is needed to control a single light, such as staircases, hallways and other multi-switch lighting scenarios.
A 3 way switch circuit typically consists of two 3 way switches and a light or group of lights. The switches are wired together with a three wire cable running between them, which carries the hot and neutral power lines and one or two wires to connect the two switches together.
When the switches are in the appropriate positions, either the light is off or the electricity flows to the light and the light is on.
How do you wire 3 ways?
To wire 3 ways, you will need 3-way switches and 3-wire Romex cable with a ground wire. You should also turn off the breaker in your circuit panel before starting the installation to avoid any potential electrical hazards.
Begin by removing the faceplate of the switch using a screwdriver and disconnecting the existing wiring. Make sure to label the existing wires and keep track of them as you remove them.
Cut the Romex cable to the desired length and strip the ends of each wire. Secure the ground wires and attach the black, red and white wire to the switch. Connect the other end of the wire to the switches in the other boxes.
Once the wires are connected, secure each connection with a wire nut.
At the 3-way switch box, the wires should be connected as follows: the black wire goes to the common screw and to the side screw on the left, the red wire goes to the side screw on the right and the white wire will attach to the white ground screw on the switch.
After ensuring that the wiring is complete and the connection points are secure, replace the wall plate and turn the power back on to check that the switch is working properly. Once all the wires are connected, turn the switch off then on again multiple times to ensure that all of the 3-way circuits are working correctly.
What is a 3 phase wire?
A 3 phase wire is a type of electrical wiring in which three separate electrical circuits are connected to form a three-phase system. This type of wiring is commonly used in applications such as power generation, electrical transmission, industrial motor control, and lighting systems.
Each of these individual circuits will be connected to its own independent source of electricity. This allows the current to flow more efficiently, improving the overall performance of the system. The use of three-phase wiring can significantly reduce the cost of energy consumption due to the higher efficiency and lower maintenance costs associated with it.
Additionally, the three-phase wiring configuration increases system safety as the higher voltage reduces the chances of electric shock hazards. In conclusion, 3 phase wiring is an efficient and safe method of transmitting electricity from a source to a destination that can help reduce costs and make a system more reliable.
What is a 4 wire system?
A 4 wire system is a type of electrical wiring system that utilizes four insulated wires – two hot wires, a neutral wire, and an earth or ground wire. The two hot wires carry alternating current (AC) power at different phases, e.
g. , black and red, while the neutral wire carries the return current and the ground wire acts as an electrical circuit breaker when too much current is running through the other wires. These four wires are typically used for 240 volts in the US, as well as for certain appliances rated by the manufacturer for use with a 4 wire system.
Common applications include clothes dryers, electric ovens/stoves, exterior lighting and outdoor hot tubs/jacuzzis.
When installing a 4 wire system, it is important to ensure that the each wire is properly labeled and connected with the saved pairs of the box, properly sized conduits and terminations. The proper sizing and the accuracy of the wire connections are necessary for the proper function and safety of the circuit wiring.
This can easily be done by following the manufacturer's instructions and labeling all four wires accordingly.
Overall, a 4 wire system is an electrical wiring system that supplies power to a specific appliance in a safe and efficient manner. It utilizes four identified wires to carry a designated amount of power to the appliance while giving the safety of a circuit breaker when too much current is running through the other wires.
What is the most common wiring method?
The most common wiring method is romex interlinked wiring. Romex interlinked wiring is a type of electrical wiring with nonmetallic (NM) insulated cables. Romex wiring is used in modern residential and light commercial construction to carry electrical current from the service panel (breaker box) to outlets and fixtures such as lights and ceiling fans.
The cables consist of two or more insulated wires contained within a single sheath and are installed within walls, attics, and crawl spaces. Romex wiring is available in a variety of sizes (gauges) and colors, which are used to wire various electrical components.
Romex wiring allows for stair-stepping of the wires, giving added protection from electric shocks, as well as reducing the chances of a short circuit. Romex is also much easier to install than other types of wiring, making it the most popular choice for most electricians.
What is wiring and its types?
Wiring is the process of creating an electrical connection between two devices or components. It generally involves connecting the positive and negative terminals of each device with a conductor, such as a wire.
Wiring can be used to transfer energy, data, signals, and voltage. Indirect wiring, in-line wiring, cross-over wiring, multi-conductor wiring, shielded wiring and hybrid wiring.
Direct wiring is the most basic form of wiring and involves the simple connection of two terminals with a single lead. This type of wiring is used for basic applications such as connecting a lamp to a power source.
Indirect wiring is used when two or more connections must be made from one point to another. This type of wiring requires the use of a neutral wire or a junction box to connect the two or more terminals.
In-line wiring is used when two or more circuits need to be connected but require multiple wires. This type of wiring requires the use of insulators or tubing to protect the wires from damage or interference.
Cross-over wiring is commonly used in computer networks in order to transfer data between two devices. This type of wiring involves the connection of two pairs of wires in an "X" configuration.
Multi-conductor wiring is used when a signal must be split up into multiple circuits. This type of wiring involves connecting each signal through an individual conductor.
Shielded wiring is used when there is a need to reduce electrical interference. This type of wiring involves the use of a grounded wire or shielding device to reduce environmental noise.
Hybrid wiring is a combination of two or more types of wiring. It is often used in industrial applications where it is necessary to create a circuit that can accommodate multiple systems.
What should you do before starting work on electrical wiring?
Before starting any work on electrical wiring, it is important to ensure that you have taken all the necessary safety precautions. You should always remember to turn off the power source, either by disconnecting the circuit at the main breaker or unplugging any appliances that are connected to the circuit you are working on.
Additionally, it is important to inspect the area before you begin and ensure that the space and outlets are up to code.
You should also familiarize yourself with local building codes and electrical regulations as these can help you avoid any costly mistakes. It is also important to verify that the materials you are using are rated for the job, with the required gauge and amperage.
Finally, make sure you are wearing appropriate clothing and equipment. Always wear protective eyewear, safety masks, and rubber-soled shoes when working with electrical wiring. This keeps you safe from potential shocks, sparks, and other hazards.
Have appropriate tools on-hand, such as insulated tools and voltage testers, to ensure you can complete the task accurately and safely.
What is the cheapest way to ship to Jamaica?
How long is a strand of 200 lights?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported that in December 2018, job openings hit 7.3 million. That's an all-time high for a data set that began in 2000.
Also during December, hires registered 5.9 million, with separations (i.e., including quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations) coming in at 5.5 million.
First, the rising job openings numbers points to resilient, continuing economic growth.
Second, the tightness of the labor market is driven home by the fact that 7.3 million job openings in December topped the 6.5 million unemployed during the month.
A rising quits rate signals growing confidence among workers, that is, they're confident in quitting one job for another. During poor economies, workers tend to hunker down in their current jobs, hoping for the best.
Fourth, on the tight labor market issue, the labor force participation rate, even with recent increases, remains around historically low levels, especially considering where we are in the current economic expansion. Indeed, at this point, the labor force is short of where it should be by some 4.5 million to 6.5 million workers. Getting those workers back into the labor force would accomplish much in terms of alleviating tight labor markets – at least in some sectors.
Finally, it must be noted, that labor shortages now and in the future can be partially offset by shifting to a welcoming, pro-growth immigration policy, whereby enhanced border security is combined with an expanded and more efficient legal immigration system that attracts needed workers at various skill levels, as well as entrepreneurs who will start up and build new businesses.


Regardless of causes, treatment for all the disorders and illnesses presented with symptoms as muscular pain, soreness, tingling, numbness, itching, distention, difficult breathing, stinging, swelling, dizziness, spasm, jerking of muscles, burning, fever, chillness, running nose, coughing, panting, diarrhoea, vomiting, spur, tumour, rash, and so forth will be to locate the place from which the pain originated and manipulate the tissues with pressing and rubbing as appropriate.
The origin point: the location or point where you use the origin-point therapy to prevent and cure illnesses. When one manipulates the origin point one will find the origin pain point in a particular spot.
If the problems are caused by "cold" (note: in this context "cold" refers to a lack of inner heat as described in Chinese medical theory) then treatment involves application of a heat source, such as moxabuxion, adzuki bean bag, pocket warmers, electric blanket, electric heater, and so forth. The use of heating sources should comfort the patient with warmth without excess heat causing a burning sensation.
If the originating area of the illness is unknown, but merely the name of it (such as depression, diabetes, hypertension, leukaemia, and lymphoma) is known, then it is advisable to locate origin pain point searching both sides of the spine on the back as well as the limbs. If slow improvement occurs, even though one has managed to locate and manipulate the origin pain point, that indicates that the disorder is mostly caused by "cold".
Therefore, application of a heating source is required.
Original point massage originated from the ear East, the purpose of origin point massage is to tackle the root cause of pain. This entails massaging pressure points found alongside the spine, back of leg etc. Only by tacking the root cause of pain can long term relief from pain be achieved, why not give it a try? No pain no gain.
To feel the most benefit from this massage treatment remember, keep warm, light regular exercise and after treatment use a hot water bottle for the source of the pain.
Origin-Point Therapy is consisted of a set of principles and a set of techniques to treat diseases. Typically, Origin-Point Therapy treatment involves nothing more than massages of the origin-points along the spine or limbs and application of warm pad on certain points of the body. The technique is simple, and yet the result is immediate and typically, amazing too.


Does walking the Pennine Way look hard to you? Well why not sponsor me here.
It's gonna be one of those days.
After a good deal of panic regarding my lack of socks it transpired that despite my advice my father kept back a spare pair of walking socks. I was concerned that having successfully avoided getting blisters for several days this change in socks seemed certain to lead to their renewal. The only alternative would be to take the bus (which I had astonishingly seen whisk pass the youth hostel at half past eleven last night) to Todmorden and hope that their was a shop there which sold outdoor equipment. If there was not a trip onto Skipton would have been necessary.
Flags! But not on the Pennine Way!?
Having suspected that they had been accidentally been taken by one of the the large group from Sheffield I tweeted the man who seemed like their leader (he has an OBE don't ya know) that '@pvcryan I think one of your number have accidentally left Mankinholes with my only pair of walking socks #pennineway'. This lead to an abusive exchange where he told me that now I knew how those on income support feel. At least he didn't say filthy tory scum like the usual vile rants that left wing fruit cakes come out with. His bullying has in fact lead me to change my twitter handle to remove the reference to 'tory' since twitter is now used much more than just for commenting along with question time. Given his total refusal to engage (have a quick luck round and leave them at Torside) I could hope that they give whoever took them blisters but I'm bigger than that. Plus since dad's socks worked out fine they actually did us a favour by lightening the load a little. Though I was kind of shocked at the total lack of respect for other walkers and their kit.
If man made does it count?
The bridge below with the flags above were the only examples we really saw of what was clearly a footpath being better made off the Pennine Way than on it. This bridge looks like someone has gone to quite a bit of work but it doesn't seem to lead anywhere and is far too small for any kind of vehicle.
There has been no doubt that this walk has been greatly aided by the use of GPS. We have met people who think they are being clever / purists by refusing to use the tech but I think they are just stupid and I don't really have any respect for it. If you want to push yourself further why not just add extra distance to your walk rather than playing a random game of 'if I miss the turning I will do an extra 5 miles'. However, for those who did any kind of travelling in a time before GPS or, even further back before maps themselves, I have the upmost respect. Supposedly this stone was an ancient marker which was used to guide people but I don't see how that can be true. It doesn't stand out desperately and so only confirms that you are in the right place rather than helping you to find the right way.
I don't think we are supposed to touch it.
Today's route took us past more trig points than any other (3 in total). I'm not sure we went past more than one on any other. Two of the trig points were on top of very large rocks and in order to get up for the view it required some climbing. Oddly (though perhaps not unsurprisingly) each had a divit that made for a rather nice foot hold. It does make me wonder what they are for and of course this being the age of wikipedia I was very easily able to find out! It seems that when they were built in 1935 from each it was possible to see two others and thus by careful measurement of the angles between them it was possible to build a very highly accurate map of Britain. (Well of these triangles anyway). I wonder if that would make a really interesting life challenge to visit all of them and make your own map. Though it isn't something I will be looking to do in a hurray!
From the top of a trig point.
We met several walkers out today. Having been walking from North to South for the most part we had been meeting people who had already done substantial parts of the walk. For the first time we were now meeting people who had only recently started their walk. This brought home to me most at one point when I congratulated a young woman on getting this far and she pointed out that it is us that should be congratulated.
Crossing the M62 I was deeply disappointed to discover that the Burger van that con sometimes be found there is very much a morning only affair. 10 years ago I think we walked sufficiently slowly that we missed it on that occasion as well. I suppose it is always possible that there is no longer a greasy burger van that greets those leaving Saddleworth in the morning so that they can sneak a greasy burger without their significant other finding out. There is, however, no doubt that for me personally crossing this bridge felt like a symbolic return to civilization (where civilization here really means the area where one grew up).
It seems that following the death of a loved one who walked up in the hills someone chose to erect this stone in their memory. It made me wonder if the medieval standing stone from earlier was similarly erected. Given how easy it would be to get lost on the hills above Greenhead or the moor on the way to tan hill perhaps the erection of such stones as memorials to this who have walked the way could be a great way to make it easier for those walking it in the future.
The race to the finish.
Taxi booked to meet us by the old Globe House Farm we missed the turning, and seeing the track, I chose to make a bee-line for it. There was a fence but it was so poorly maintained that without doing anything more than a bit of limbo (i.e. I did not need to climb over it and an animal would not even have noticed it) we made it through a field to the path. Some local decided that he would try and give me a telling off for this, "you know your off the path, you've had to climb over walls and fences to get here." One of the many problems with knowing a little bit about the world works is that irrespective of it being theoretically trespassing with no prospect whatever of a criminal convection and the damages being less than ten pence I couldn't really give a rat's nose. If the owner wants to sue me then please go ahead in advance I make you a part 36 offer for the aforementioned ten pence.