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A radiation survey of Rendlesham Forest identifying hotspots at sites of reported UFO activity in 1980
Date: February 24, 2018Author: theanalysisnet 2 Comments
PUBLIC HEALTH NOTICE: Higher radiation doses do increase the risk of adverse health effects and for that reason it is prudent that individuals should to seek to minimise their exposure to radiation. The radiation hotspots identified by this study had very significant levels of radioactivity but are not considered exceptionally dangerous to people passing by. The UK's official average radiation dose is 0.3 µSv per hour, elevated by potentially-hazardous quantities of naturally-occurring uranium, thorium and radium in granite in certain areas, compared with the background level at Rendlesham Forest of 0.09 µSv h-1 and our highest readings of 0.4 µSv h-1.
On 26-28 December 1980 a famous UFO incident unfolded, commonly known as the "Rendlesham Forest incident." This is the most important UFO case in history, because it is the most credible and well-evidenced case, comprising a series of separate sightings witnessed by multiple military personnel at a very important NATO complex.
During the Rendlesham Forest incident, elevated radiation readings were measured in locations where UFO activity was reported, with hotspots of multiple times the background level reported at proposed landing sites during the final week of December 1980.[1][2] These readings along with other details of the incident have been the subject of much ongoing controversy and debate[3] throughout the 37 years since the incident.
This paper presents a thorough radiation survey of the area, aiming to provide definitive scientific answers about current radiation levels there, and to examine how these measurements might assist our understanding of the UFO story and its historical context.
Air radiation dose rate levels measured in the Rendlesham Forest area had statistically significant relationships with sites of UFO activity (t-test: p < 0.0001) including two separate reported UFO landing sites. These results strongly indicate a causal relationship between UFO activity and radiation levels in the area.
Air radiation dose rate (irradiation by α-rays, β-rays, γ-rays and x-rays) was determined at various measurement locations, geolocated by GPS, using an environmental radiation monitor.
At each measurement location the mean dose rate was determined by monitoring at 1 m above ground level for a period of 10 min then at 1 cm above ground level for a further 10 minutes.
Before monitoring each measurement location, the surrounding area was scanned to seek a spot within a 50 m radius that consistently gave the highest readings and, if such a spot was found, that then became the measurement location.
Monitoring at each measurement location was repeated on three different days. All radiation measurements in this study were recorded in January and February of 2018 with air temperatures varying between -2 °C and 8 °C and occasional light drizzle rain.
The average background radiation level of the entire Rendlesham Forest area, defined as the mean of the mean dose rates at 100 randomly-selected control measurement locations (Map 1) in and around the forest, was determined as 0.09 µSv h-1 (26.2 CPM) with a count range from 7 CPM minimum to 37 CPM maximum.
Map 1. 100 randomised control measurement locations in and around Rendlesham Forest monitored to establish the background radiation level of the area. A red dot indicates each random GPS location.
100 random radiation measurement locations at Rendlesham Forest
All geolocatable sites where localised UFO activity in 1980 has been reported (Table 1 and Map 1) were identified as additional measurement locations, and each of these sites was monitored to determine the average air dose rate there.
Verifiable UFO landing sites were identified (Table 1) as accurately as possible by an exhaustive review of the available literature. Witnesses have worked with previous investigators to geolocate a single GPS coordinate for each site, and these are the locations we used for this study. Multimedia and maps were also consulted to confirm these locations. We reviewed the most popular books and TV documentaries on the subject[1-11], as well as websites too numerous to list, including research by prominent UFO sceptics and debunkers[3][4][5][9]. Every map, photograph and eye-witness account that could be found in the public domain was utilised. All reported landing sites were considered by this study.
The background level for localised areas within which UFO activity was reported was determined by measuring at 10 additional random measurement locations within a radius of 50 m to 200 m centred on the UFO activity site measurement location.
Other possible sites of UFO landings or other UFO activity were identified (Table 2) but excluded from this study on the basis that they were considered either spurious or too imprecise. These locations were measured for reference only.
Data was captured by a calibrated GMC-600 digital Geiger counter radiation monitor manufactured by GQ Electronics, Seattle, USA. The radiation detection component was a Russian SBT-11 (СБТ-11) Geiger-Müller pancake type tube. GPS positions were determined using a Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone.
Where air dose rate at a measurement location was significantly above background, the measurement was repeated first inside a paper box then inside an aluminium box, in an attempt to discriminate between types of radiation. A careful scan of the area was then performed by placing the detector in a lead box open at one end for directional detection, then moving it through the air at varying heights, then moving the device over nearby surfaces (the ground, tree trunks, banks, etc.) at a distance of approx. 3 cm from these surfaces, in an effort to locate any highly localised sources. The data from these experiments was used to delineate precise GPS locations where the readings were highest, however these qualitative data were excluded from the mean dose rate measurements and do not contribute to any measurements presented in this report. A new experiment designed to obtain more granular data from a cluster of numerous locations under more controlled conditions is highly recommended, especially around locations of special interest, e.g. by measuring at locations determined by a 100 m grid of 1m quadrats.
Measuring at two different elevations above ground (1 cm and 1 m) was considered useful for a number of reasons, especially the potential to differentiate between irradiation in the air at a height of 1 m, which may detect γ-rays, and x-rays from nearby sources, compared with direct detection of radiation on the ground, which offers improved ability to also detect α-particles and β-particles emitted from surface layers. Where elevated radiation was found at one of the random locations, a local scan was employed in an attempt to geolocate the hotspot. An examination of differences in measurements recorded at different heights is beyond the scope of this study but the data has been retained for future reference.
Moving the location by up to 50 m to seek the highest reading is a technique designed to find a hotspot in the immediate vicinity that might be associated with UFO activity where there may be an inaccuracy of up to 50m in the reported location, but it is essential to maintain consistent methodology at all locations including random control locations.
The mean background level of radiation at Rendlesham Forest was established at 0.09 µSv (26 CPM), providing a baseline measurement for this study. This is much lower than the national average background level, mainly due of the lack of naturally-occurring radionuclides in the regional geology. The count measured at randomised control locations ranged from 7 CPM minimum to 37 CPM maximum, following a standard Gaussian distribution curve with a very low frequency of measurements occurring at the extreme ends of the observed range.
The data reveal radiation hotspots with elevated radiation levels at multiples of the background level coinciding with the locations (Map 1) where UFO activity in 1980 has been reported (Table 1).
Table 1(a). Geolocation and radiation levels of target measurement locations where UAP activity in 1980 was reported.
Location No. GPS Location*
(DMS) Air Radiation Dose Rate
Mean Min Max Back-
μSv/h CPM CPM CPM μSv/h
1 52°05'31.1″N
1°25'42.9″E 0.14 44 15 84 0.05
1°26'08.6″E 0.30 91 77 129 0.09
1°27'05.0″E 0.18 54 9 76 0.09
*1 Accuracy of within approx. a 10 m radius.
Table 1(b). Characterisation of target measurement locations.
Location No. Description Area Characteristics
1 Site where a UAP subdivided over the east end of the runway at RAF Woodbridge in February 1980 according to Lori Rehfeldt (USAF Security Police).[18] Located at the far eastern terminus of the airfield's runway, the surface on site is composed of rough tarmac, flanked on the west side by the smoother tarmac of the main flight line and surrounded on the other three sides by mixed grasses.
2 Site where Penniston and Burroughs reported witnessing a UAP that they subsequently followed into the forest from aprox. 0300 hrs on 26 Dec.[1][4][5]
Video log excerpt Coniferous woodland. The edge (~20 m from the road) of a plantation of Corsican pine trees organised in straight rows, in blocks with rows oriented E-W and blocks with rows oriented N-W. Trees within each row evenly spaced ~3 m apart. Site located within a distinct wayleave/track between rows, distinctive in satellite images from 1980 to date. The forest floor comprises a thin litter layer of pine needles with sparse vegetation including ferns (bracken), brambles (blackberry) and brome grass, beneath which is a rich black topsoil of woodland compost.
3 Site where Penniston and Burroughs[1][5][6], and independently also Warren[7], reported as the location where a UAP landed in the field at Capel Green in the early hours of 26 Dec. Agricultural field. Site located approx. 200 m west of the western tip of a treeline "finger" protruding into the field, at the southern end of a field subject to arable rotation continuously since 1980. The soil type is classified as Soilscape 10: "Freely draining slightly acid sandy soils" with low carbon and low agricultural fertility. The treeline surrounds a drainage ditch. There are few stones in the soil here, and the only stones found were small smooth pieces of flint and other rocks probably originating from the glacial gravel layer beneath, consistent with the local geology.
4 Site where Halt reported seeing a UAP landed in the field at Capel Green in the early hours of 28 Dec.[1][2][8] "
5 Site where a UAP reportedly directed "white beams" down into bunkers housing atomic weapons[11][17][18] in the northwest corner of the Weapons Storage Area situated in the southwest corner of a USAF base, RAF Bentwaters.[1][2][10][11][16][17]
Video log excerpt
Weapons Storage Area (WSA). Prefabricated low-profile concrete bunkers covered with grass (rooted in a plastic geotextile mesh) for aerial camoflague, with heavy reinforced steel security doors, ventilated by a covered rooftop chimney. Some bunkers contain secure a storage room with a thick steel safe door secured by a pair of dual key locks, each lock releasing a combination dial. This GPS location is the closest we could safely get to the bunkers in the northeast corner of the WSA where tactical nuclear warheads were stored in December 1980[11][17][18] when a UAP directed beams into these bunkers. Our preferred measurement location would have been in the centre of this (52°07'11.2″N 1°25'29.9″E) or outside the door of one of the silos. The WSA was called "Hot Row" by the USAF and colloquially referred to today as "the bomb dump" by the MoD.
Table 2. Other sites where UFO activity in December 1980 has been reported but excluded from this study because there was either (1) insufficient evidence to accurately locate the site or (2) witnesses disputing the location or authenticity of the site.
Description Reason(s) for exclusion
The "official" landing site marked by a "sculpture" in a clearing on the east side of Rendlesham Forest. Halt disputes the authenticity of this site and suspects that it is one of two fake landing sites set up by a personnel from the twin base complex.[11]
Two landing sites near the northwest corner of the field at Capel Green apparently reported by Bustinza. Insufficient evidence to facilitate geolocation. We would invite Bustinza to work with a team having expertise in forensic reconstruction in order to obtain the most accurate possible geolocation(s). In the meantime, a high-resolution radiation survey of this region of the forest is recommended to locate any hotspot(s) that might be related to the two alleged landing sites.
Alternative locations for the landing site witnessed by Penniston and Burroughs. These witnesses confirmed the correct location in 2010.[6] No previous versions of the location will be considered in this study, but a future study measuring these locations is recommended for completeness.
Area where UFO moved through the forest on 26 Dec, Insufficient evidence to facilitate geolocation.
Map 1. Target measurement locations 1-4 (Table 1) where UAP activity near RAF Woodbridge in 1980 was reported.
Map 2. Target measurement location 5 (Table 1) where UFO activity near RAF Bentwaters in 1980 was reported.
While taking photos around the airfield of RAF Woodbridge, with the radiation monitor turned on, elevated radiation levels of up to 96 CPM were measured at the far west end of the runway at RAF Woodbridge, which might be considered the weapon loading area, compared to a background of 33 CPM for all measurement locations on the surrounding area and a background of 26 CPM for the area beyond the airfield perimeter. Further research would be needed to obtain measurements in this location that comply with the standards and controlled conditions required for this study. This was notable as the only location in the entire Rendlesham Forest area where elevated mean air radiation dose rate exceeding twice the background level was not associated with a location where UFO activity in 1980 was reported, despite extensive informal measurements recorded throughout the area mostly outside the methodology of this study (e.g. while the operator of the device was walking around to take photographs or make measurements during the investigation, because the monitor was deliberately turned on all times in case useful data could be captured in this way).
A relationship was found (t-test: p < 0.0001) between radiation levels in Rendlesham Forest and sites where UAP activity occurred in 1980.
This finding may suggest that that either (1) the UAP activity somehow resulted in elevated radiation levels at the hotspots identified, or conversely (2) pre-existing radioactive contamination at these locations somehow resulted in the UAP activity at these locations. At this time there are insufficient data to discriminate conclusively between these two alternate hypotheses. However, there is currently no information available that can explain the highly localised radiation hotspots found in this rural area, unless they were caused by the UAP activity reported at these sites. Thus, it is reasonable to postulate that the radiation hotspots did indeed result from the UAP activity of 1980, and this will remain a valid working hypothesis unless an alternative explanation is proven.
Further research is recommended to investigate the source, shape and size of the radiation hotspots found at these locations and the apparent correlation with UAP activity.
The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a connection can be demonstrated between the locations of UFO activity and radiation readings in those locations. The hypothesis was proven. There is indeed a correlation that can be detected experimentally, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Over the intervening 37 years since the 1980 UFO incident there has been much debate about exactly what happened on those three or four nights in late December, accompanied by debate over exactly where things happened. In particular, there is ongoing debate about the precise location of UFO landing sites and other UFO activity in the area during the incident.
The controversy includes unresolved disputes about radiation measurements and other details of the case. During the UFO incident, elevated radiation readings were measured in places where UFO activity was reported, with hotspots of multiple times the background level reported in close proximity to proposed landing sites.
Contemporaneous measurements were taken by, among other investigators, Staff Sgt. Monroe Nevels, the Disaster Preparedness Officer for the twin base complex. An expert in radition detection, one would expect that Nevels understood how to take and report measurements from the Geiger counter he was issued with and trained to use.
Radiation measurements of up to ten times the background level were recorded in the field at Capel Green in 1980 immediately after of the reported UFO activity there. There were two different UFO landing sites reportedly located in this field (Map 2, sites 3 and 4).
Background radiation levels can vary between locations, for example there are known radiation hotspots in the southwest of Britain due to the prevalence in the local geology of granite, an igneous rock that naturally contains radioisotopes of uranium, thorium, and radium, as well as emitting radon gas. This study accounted for possible background variations by recording a very large number of measurements in a wide variety of different locations, and the data collected prove that variations in background radiation levels throughout the area are minimal.
It has not escaped the authors' attention that accurately geolocated radiation measurements in the area may offer answers to long-debated questions about the UFO incident. For instance, an accurate map showing the locations of radiation hotspots, accompanied by GPS coordinates, might pinpoint the location of landing sites more precisely than ever before. Our radiation survey map has the potential to add weight to a witness testimony or theory — or conversely undermine a particular version of events, especially it involved radiation readings.
Geolocated radiation data certainly has some potential to contribute to our understanding of what happened in Rendlesham Forest in the days and nights following Christmas Day in 1980. The authors hope that this report will help to settle old disagreements, stimulate new debate, and perhaps even lead to the development of entirely new evidence-based theories about what happened on those nights and where.
Accurate and sensitive radiation measurements could also have implications beyond the UFO incident. For instance, data collected during this study could reveal any potential environmental contamination originating from nuclear warheads that were stockpiled at the site in the Weapons Storage Area. This is obviously a topic of broader public interest unrelated to the UFO incident.
Landing site witnessed by Penniston and Burroughs and independently by Warren (Map 2, site 3)
This study also found elevated radiation levels confined to a small area near the landing site identified by Warren in 1988 and 1990 with readings significantly above the average for the whole field, providing robust physical evidence in support of this witness's testimony. Furthermore, if the radiation present on this patch is an artefact of the UFO landing, then we have precisely located the landing site. Moreover, in that case we have demonstrated that Warren failed to accurately locate his landing site, and our version of the landing site should be considered the definitive location.
When trying to locate the landing site reported by Warren, we encountered a discrepancy in his information. There are two photographs of Warren's landing site endorsed by the witness, one taken in 1998 and the other in 1990. Warren was present when both photos were taken, personally choosing the site to be photographed. We used these photos to locate the landing site. By reconstructing the two photos, we successfully located the patch of ground identified in each one, and demonstrated that the two pictures show slightly different landing spots. The older picture features a dark patch of earth which Warren identified as the landing site, which we located about 30 m northwest of the eastern end of a prominent treeline. The newer picture features a green patch of vegetation which Warren described as the landing site, which we located about 40 m west of the eastern end of the same landmark. Warren's two photos definitely show two different spots, albeit within tens of meters of each other and both close to the same landmark.
The authors conclude that the most likely explanation for this small but important discrepancy would be human error, which can be explained as understandable. Accurately locating a point in a field using memory and sight is difficult. The authors of this report have considerable experience of this type of reconstruction, and when reconstructing the photos we had difficulty ourselves. Visual recollection provides much less detail than a photo, and a historical image can be misleading. It took us some time to orientate ourselves satisfactorily using the old photos. When using the treeline as a landmark, one has to ensure that the angle of the treeline matches that in the photo, which is difficult to do accurately, not least because several key landscape features have changed, such as the width and angle of the grass margin on the southern edge of the treeline. The angle of lines on the field created by agricultural activity also changes from one year to the next, and this is very disorientating. It takes some skill to find a location in a field under these circumstances, even from a photo and especially from memory. In essence, the principle difference between Warren's two photos is the angle of the treeline in relation to the observer. We emphasise that the two versions of Warren's landing site were in fairly close proximity. We suspect that Warren's attempt to locate his landing site was unduly swayed by visible patches in the vicinity. He was looking for a landmark upon a homogeneous field where there was none. His first photo showed a patch, and for his second photo he was probably looking for a similar patch, but unfortunately there wasn't one in the same spot.
Warren has been vigorously scrutinised as a witness. This report will try to avoid the politics. It is convenient to refer to the site first identified by Warren as "Larry Warren's landing site" and doing so need not imply any opinion about whether Warren's account is first-hand or second-hand.
In 2010 Penniston and Burroughs confirmed the location of the landing site they witnessed, and it was within 50 m of the locations identified by Warren, therefore we conclude that the landing sites reported by these three witnesses are in fact the same location. We checked a wide area around the three landing sites identified in this part of the field and found only one hotspot there.
The protruding treeline hides an agricultural drainage ditch. If there was a cleanup operation, alluded to by one source, any effective cleanup would have been by topsoil removal by excavation or water jets or deep ploughing. (There are several high-pressure irrigation hydrants inexplicably located in this corner of the field). A water-based cleanup of radioactive contamination might be evident in the ditch, as might natural runoff from rainwater. We carefully scanned the ditch and found background levels. The ditch system flows into Butley River about a mile to the east, and from there via the River Alde into the North Sea.
Landing site witnessed by Halt (Map 1, site 4)
This study found elevated radiation levels confined to a small area near the landing site identified by Halt, with readings significantly higher than the average for the whole field, providing robust physical evidence in support of his testimony. Furthermore, our geolocated measurements identify a precise pinpoint location where the radiation measurements were highest at this landing site. If the radiation present at the site is indeed an artefact of the UAP landing, our findings provide the most accurate evidence-based location to date for the Halt landing site, with Ground Zero pinpointed by a GPS coordinate.
Site where a UFO directed white beams down into atomic weapon silos at the RAF Bentwaters Weapons Storage Area (Map 1, site 5)
The background radiation at the Weapons Storage Area of RAF Bentwaters was 0.13 μSv h-1 (40 CPM), raised by high readings in certain measurement locations around the area, ranging from a minimum of 7 CPM to a maximum of 115 CPM.
For comparison, the background radiation at the comparable Weapons Storage Area of nearby RAF Woodbridge, where no hotspots were found (even in and around a bunker equipped with a dual key safe suitable for storing nuclear weapons) was μSv h-1 (17 CPM), with a minimum of 5 CPM and a maximum of 52 CPM recorded.
The bomb store at Woodbridge is larger than the one at Bentwaters, and the prefabricated storage bunkers are directly analogous. Both WSAs are at the southwest corner of their respective base. However, the security arrangements at Bentwaters in 1980 were much more extreme, including two control towers and a dog unit, providing strong evidence that, within this twin base complex, storage of the most important weapons was restricted to the smaller of the WSAs sited at Bentwaters. Moreover, the prefabricated security infrastructure at Bentwaters is analogous to structures present at other Cold War era USAF bases in the UK where atomic weapons are known to have been stored, e.g. RAF Upper Heyford in Oxfordshire. RAF Bentwaters can therefore be characterised as a typical example of the cookie-cutter template implemented for the construction of nuclear armed USAF bases at the height of the Cold War.
Site where a UFO subdivided over the east end of the runway at RAF Woodbridge in February 1980 witnessed by Lori Rehfeldt and a colleague (Map1, site 1)
In this precursor incident, which preceded the famous December incident by ten months, USAF Security Police working at the "back gate" (East Gate) of RAF Woodbridge witnessed UFO activity over the runway bearing a striking resemblance to the UFO activity that would occur in December later that year. A craft with bright lights stopped directly over the east end of the runway, then moved "up down, left right" before breaking into three separate lights and streaking away. Security control was alerted by radio. This sighting is almost universally overlooked by books, articles, documentaries about the events of the 1980 case. We took photos and measured readings here, including the centre of the runway's eastern terminus, near to East Gate's guard hut (GPS Lat, Lon range from 52.09166666666667, 1.4252777777777779 to 52.091997, 1.428540) where we recorded an average of 44 CPM (twice the average background level of 19 CPM as measured consistently within and around the east end of the airfield) with some interesting strong spikes of up to 14 counts per second. This is not considered a landing site because the object reportedly maintained low altitude above the tarmac. The landmarks associated with this sighting, in combination with the close proximity of the witnesses, makes this probably the most accurately geolocated site in history for a subdividing UFO.
Possible explanations for the radiation hotspots in Table 1
Geological sources of radioactivity, e.g. granite, cannot be ruled out altogether. However, it would be an unlikely coincidence if geological radioactivity exists at locations where UAP activity occurred but not at other locations in the area.
During this study, and in separate studies, we have scanned the surrounding area extensively, in locations between and beyond the 100 control locations. Indeed, the radiation monitor was logging data at all times, e.g. between formal measurement locations, when taking photos before, during and after the study, etc., and hotspots at multiples of background were found elsewhere, with the one notable exception being the back of the runway at Woodbridge Airfield. Furthermore, it seems likely that, in the agricultural field (sites 3 and 4), centuries of ploughing would have distributed the radioactive material more evenly than the highly focused localised hotspots investigated in this study. A study investigating the effects of ploughing on the horizontal distribution of radionuclides would be useful in validating this hypothesis. (Soil samples were collected and the soil analysed outside of this study, and no evidence of granite, or any other mineral atypical locally, was observed on the surface or during excavation for sample collection.)
In the available historical information there are only two known potential sources of radioactive contamination at this location, roughly in the middle of an ordinary agricultural field in Suffolk. The first potential route of contamination is the UAP. The second possibility is contamination transferred from equipment or personnel deployed in Halt's investigation.
The contaminated equipment hypothesis is considered extremely unlikely. This study found elevated radiation at sites of UFO activity which were not investigated by Halt or any other investigators at the time. In fact, it is clear from some of the TV documentaries cited in the references below that Halt was entirely unaware of some of these sites until recent years. For example there is no record of the Rehfelt site ever being measured for radiation; it did not feature in the December incident, and unsurprisingly accounts of the December investigation make no mention of the February incident. If the Rehfelt site was measured, the likelihood of the same contaminated equipment being used is low, yet we found elevated radiation there. Accounts of the December investigation did not mention the Penniston site or the site where UAP activity was first observed near East Gate, yet we found elevated radiation there.
Moreover, the contaminated equipment hypothesis fails to explain the observations at the time. Elevated readings reported were relative to the background level, but the background level would have been affected by contaminated equipment. Thus, even if equipment was contaminated, the level of radiation measured at the time was still reportedly higher in this spot.
Contaminated personnel also seems an unlikely explanation. Control measurements were taken at ten locations encircling each hotspot, all of which gave readings at background level. A careful surface scan of the surrounding land found no elevated readings beyond 30 m from the target measurement location.
Environmental radioactive contamination associated with the Weapons Storage Area at RAF Bentwaters
Any discussion about radiation levels at Rendlesham Forest would be incomplete without considering the nuclear weapons that were stockpiled[11][17][18] in concrete silos at the Weapons Storage Area situated in the southwest corner of the USAF base RAF Bentwaters less than a mile northeast of the forest, where there were apparently "more nuclear missiles in the Weapons Storage Area [at Bentwaters] than anywhere else in Europe". This twin base complex was evidently a highly strategic NATO facility.
Weapons grade fissile material such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239 are an obvious potential source of radioactive contamination in the area that cannot be ignored by this study. The half-life of uranium-235 is 700 million years, and that of uranium-238 which would also be present in the enriched fissile material is 4.5 billion years. Obviously, if a sufficient quantity of these materials escaped, without an immaculate cleanup operation it would be detectable today. These isotopes are so highly radioactive that it would be possible to find microscopic traces of contamination using modern instrumentation.
Nuclear warheads do not ordinarily leak radioactive material, and reports of radioactive contamination from atomic weapons are rare even in accidents when the weapon was damaged or lost. The physics package within a warhead is hermetically sealed, and the warhead and weapon housing are designed to withstand severe damage. However, during the Rendlesham Forest Incident witnesses observed a craft directing a bright beam that looked like a white laser down into atomic weapon storage silos. Whether this caused physical damage to the warheads is a legitimate question.
Radioactive contamination originating from nuclear weapons would be highly-detectable for thousands or millions of years, without drastic decontamination procedures such as deep ploughing. But it's impossible to predict how the detectability of radioactive contamination originating from an unknown source such as a UFO will diminish over time, not least because radioisotopes vary widely in half-life and emission energies.
Established connection between UAP/UFOs and radiation
There is a well-established connection between UFO activity and nuclear weapons.
A recently declassified official scientific report published by the UK's Ministry of Defence acknowledges that UFOs are associated with radiation exposure, referencing animal studies, and citing the Rendlesham Forest Incident as a case study for the harmful effects of radiation from UFOs[21]:
"The well-reported Rendlesham Forest/Bentwaters event is an example where it might be postulated that several observers were probably exposed to UAP [Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon] radiation for longer than normal UAP sighting periods."
Source: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region: Executive Summary, Scientific & Technical Memorandum. No. 55/2/00. DI55, Defence Intelligence Service, Page F-4, Annex F, Vol. 2. (Ministry of Defence, December 2000.)
At least one of the eye-witnesses in the Rendlesham Forest incident has successfully sued the US Department of Defence for damages relating to the medical effects of the UFO encounter citing this document and other facts as evidence.
It has also been widely observed that UFOs, whatever they may be, seem interested in nuclear weapons. UFO activity at Rendlesham Forest during the closing week of December 1980 included a craft "firing beams" like a laser into "Hot Row" atomic weapon storage silos at the WSA at RAF Bentwaters on the night of 28 December. In 2007 Halt was interviewed (by UFO researcher Gary Heseltine) on video at the top of the guard tower at the edge of the WAS, when he stated that "the tower operator" (who had "recently" contacted Halt) told him "in no uncertain terms" that he had personally witnessed "beams coming down into the WAS" and "the crew on the ground, security personnel on the ground, did see the beams coming down into the weapons storage." Halt was a mile away at the time and saw the beams coming down into the WAS but couldn't tell whether they were going into the storage silos, but has heard many second-hand witness reports confirming it. (To help the reader visualise what happened, here's a short video tour of the WSA recorded in 2001, and some photos of the WSA taken in 2017.)
If the UFO activity at Rendlesham Forest is connected with nuclear weapons, why was the activity so concerned with the nearby forest and farmland around one military base, then focus on the atomic weapons at another? Was the UFO taking a break from the official business it may have traversed galaxies to undertake? There may be a reason why the UFO activity seems so interested in the area east of RAF Woodbridge, but this discussion is beyond the scope of the current report and will be raised in a separate article.
An unidentified craft firing mystery beams at nuclear warheads is an extremely serious matter raising serious questions. One such question is: did the beam damage or tamper with the warhead. Were the weapons disabled? Assuming there was some purpose for the beam, hypothetical purposes range from harmless analysis to intentional interference. If the beams damaged the casing of the warheads, we might be able to detect radiation in the area that escaped from the bomb. In a recent article we highlighted scientific research demonstrating the use of electromagnetic beams to either detect or disarm atomic warheads. Current human technology possesses these capabilities, hence we can expect advanced alien or future human technology to be capable of using energy beams to detect or disarm weapons.
Disarming nuclear weapons by artificial transmutation
It is technically possible to disable an atomic weapon by converting the uranium material into a less radioactive material (or theoretically even into a non-radioactive material) through a process known as artificial transmutation. In this process, radioactive material is bombarded by a beam of particles that trigger nuclear fission, e.g neutrons, or similarly high-intensity protons as generated by a linear accelerator.
Artificial transmutation is under investigation as a potential technology for making nuclear waste safer. It is a well-established principle that has been extensively researched for decades and was reported in the New York Times in 1991. The European Spallation Source is currently under construction and will be the world's most powerful neutron beam when complete in 2019. It will be used to test methods for making highly radioactive material much less radioactive by neutron bombardment.
A sufficiently intense or prolonged irradiation by neutrons (or protons) will trigger fission in radionuclides, especially actinides, splitting the radioactive atoms to make them stable or less radioactive. Is that what happened at RAF Bentwaters? Would we ever find out if so? Note that there is substantial anecdotal evidence of UFOs using beams that allow a solid object (e.g. a human) to pass through other solid matter (e.g. the wall of a house).
It seems a reasonable assumption that weapons would have been inspected or at least visually checked after the incident when an unidentified aircraft shone bright green laser beams down into the storage silos. They should have been checked. (The present authors would not have volunteered for the job of checking nuclear weapons that could have been tampered with.) It would have been grossly negligent not to check the weapons in these circumstances. Disabling weapons might have been a precursor to Soviet manoeuvres or a preemptive nuclear strike. Similarly, the Soviets might have been detecting weapon storage facilities as potential strategic military targets. Any power planning to start a war with NATO in 1980 would have been well advised to perform recon around Rendlesham Forest, and upon discovering what was hidden there promptly obliterate the entire area.
It is therefore more likely than not that on or soon after the night of 28 December, somebody would have checked on the weapons stored at RAF Bentwaters, and perhaps also at RAF Woodbridge. The huge metal doors of at least some concrete storage bunkers would have been opened, and somebody would have looked inside. Presumably a Geiger counter would have been employed during the checking procedure. There are reports in circulation that "in the immediate aftermath" of the beams incident a large transport aircraft arrived from the USAF's European HQ in Germany, carrying a team of specialists who checked the warheads and wore "moon suit" protective equipment.[11]
Wind distribution of airborn radioactive contamination from UFOs or nuclear weapons during the Rendlesham Forest Incident
If nuclear warheads had been damaged, it is conceivable that radioactive contamination would have escaped from the WSA into the environment during or after the Incident. The data collected by this study might detect this effect.
The prevailing wind direction during and after the beams incident (Table 3) were as follows: south-west (28 Dec), west-south-west (29-31 Dec), and west (1 Jan), with an overall prevailing wind direction of west-south-west. The average wind speed during the same period was as follows: 11-15 kn with max. gusts of 21-30 kn (18-30 Dec) classified as a "moderate breeze" on the Beaufort scale, and 20-21 kn with max. gusts of 38-43 kn (31 Dec to 1 Jan) classified as a "fresh breeze" but the strongest gusts went up to gale-force.
Table 3. Hourly wind speed and directions, and temperature, from the Met Office's Wattisham station (their nearest weather station to Rendlesham Forest) for the period of 26 Dec 1980 to 1 Jan 1981. The daily prevailing wind direction is indicated by bold text. Wattisham station (NGR 6025E 2514N) is situated a few miles to the west of the forest at an altitude of 89 m. [The weather station is at Wattisham Airfield where Anglia Radar was based, serving as ATC radar for regional USAF bases and one of the radar systems that tracked UAP during the Incident.] Wind directions were verified by cross-referencing with the corresponding dataset from Gorleston station (NGR 6534E 3037N) situated a few miles to the east of the forest at an altitude of 4 m. The altitude at Rendlesham Forest is around 80 m. The formula used to compute wind compass bearing was: =CHOOSE(1+ABS(ROUND(C6/22.5,0)), "N", "NNE", "NE", "ENE", "E", "ESE", "SE", "SSE", "S", "SSW", "SW", "WSW", "W", "WNW", "NW", "NNW", "N").
Day Hour Hourly
(o) Hourly Compass Direction Hourly
(kn) Hourly
26 0 240 WSW 13 17
26 6 260 W 16 24
26 10 270 W 14 23
26 20 250 WSW 11 13
26 22 270 W 8 13
26 23 290 WNW 9 13
27 0 310 NW 11 15
27 2 340 NNW 12 16
27 10 330 NNW 14 21
27 11 320 NW 13 18
27 17 310 NW 9 13
27 20 300 WNW 6 8
27 23 280 W 6 9
28 0 260 W 6 9
28 1 250 WSW 7 10
28 2 230 SW 8 10
28 7 230 SW 11 15
28 10 220 SW 13 18
28 21 220 SW 9 13
28 22 210 SSW 9 12
28 23 210 SSW 10 13
1 0 270 W 21 32
1 1 290 WNW 25 43
1 10 280 W 22 33
1 14 290 WNW 23 36
Thus, any airborne radioactive contamination from the WSA on the night of 28 Dec we might expect to have been distributed towards the west of the weapon storage silos, fanning out along the range of directions indicated by the red lines in Fig. 1 below.
Figure 1. Visualisation of wind directions at Rendlesham Forest during the period of 26 Dec 1980 to 1 Jan 1981. All hourly wind directions during this period are indicated by a red line. All daily prevailing wind directions are marked with a thicker red line. Note the westerly pattern of wind directions during the period. Hourly wind speed fans out through all westerly directions from NNW to SSW, with W and WSW the dominant prevailing wind directions throughout the period.
Visualisation of wind directions during and after the Rendlesham Forest Incident.
The same predicted distribution pattern might also apply to any airborne radioactive contamination released by UFOs during the Incident. No such pattern was found, suggesting that either the data are insufficient to be conclusive or any radioactive contamination from the UAPs was in a form not readily distributed by wind, e.g. an imprint resulting from direct contact between the object and the soil. However, the source of contamination from the UAP phenomenon is entirely unknown. It is not known whether any radiation was released into the air by the objects, or whether the objects simply left a footprint of residue where they landed or touched. Eye-witness reports on one night describe an object "dripping" material "like molten metal" onto the forest floor. Further research is recommended to attempt to find and isolate that material.
Measurements recorded during the course of this study found that radiation levels were higher on the east side of the RAF Bentwaters Weapons Storage Area and these elevated levels extended to locations several hundred of meters east of the silos. This observation suggests a pattern of contamination more complex than simply airborn radioactive material escaping during or shortly after the UFO incident. Further research is justified to determine the full extent and nature of the unexplained contamination at RAF Bentwaters.
Historical meteorological data is also useful to eliminate wind as a potential propulsion mechanism. The wind consistently blew from easterly directions throughout the week of the Incident, yet the UAP objects were witnessed moving westward for long periods. This rules out the possibility that the objects were any form of balloon. The movement of the objects retrograde in relation to the wind strongly supports the contention that they possessed their own propulsion capability. Similarly, the zig-zag motion of one object through a horizontal plane, reportedly avoiding collision with trees strongly supports intelligent an intelligent control hypothesis.
In case pertinent, there was no substantial precipitation during the Rendlesham Forest incident, and the temperature from 26 Dec to 1 Jan (Table 4) ranged from -2 °C (the lowest nighttime temperature on 28 Dec) to 10 °C (the highest daytime temperature on 31 Dec. The temperature barely dipped below freezing throughout the December incident, except for 28 December which was the coldest night, cold enough for a mild ground frost until after sunrise. Some of the nights before the incident had been colder.
Table 4. Daily temperatures at Rendlesham Forest during and after the Rendlesham Forest incident (according to the Met Office weather station at nearby Wattisham). 28 Dec was by far the coldest night in this period. Though not shown here, the reader may wish to note that the temperature was lower (<4 °C) on some of the preceding nights.
Date Daily Max. Temp.
(0900-0900) (°C) Daily Min. Temp.
(0900-0900) (°C) Daily Mean Temp.
(0900-0900) (°C)
26/12/1980 4.3 1.0 2.7
27/12/1980 3.3 -0.3 1.5
31/12/1980 10.1 6.1 8.1
Environmental factors affecting future detectability of historical radioactive contamination
Understanding the way radiation levels change over time is, of course, essential to interpreting the results of a radiation survey 37 years after the fact.
Radiation readings on contaminated land decrease over time. The most predictable reduction in radiation levels is caused by the natural process of radioactive decay. The half-life of a radioisotope quantifies the period of time in which half of its atoms disintegrate. The time it takes for half of the material to decay varies between isotopes, ranging from seconds to millions of years.
Indeed, by measuring the rate at which radiation levels decline in controlled samples of soil from a contaminated site such as Rendlesham Forest, and cross-referencing this rate with a database of known isotopes and their half-lives, it would be possible to deduce a list of know isotopes that might be present. By the same token, it would be possible to rule out certain isotopes from the list of candidates based on their half-lives. It is theoretically possible that radioactive contamination at the forest involves unknown isotopes, in which case rates of radioactive decay would be less useful in trying to identify possible contaminants. Further research is recommended, together with other analytical techniques, in an effort to identify and isolate the radioisotopes accounting for the elevated radiation levels reported in this paper.
Radiation levels also decrease over time through other processes which are more difficult to predict.
The complex effects of environmental factors on measurements of radioactive contamination in forest environments has been studied, with conclusions that offer some insight into the way in which radiation hotspots at Rendlesham Forest might be expected to decline over time. Given the stability of the forest environment, we expect that the primary mechanism for natural amelioration of irradiation would be the deposit of leaves and other organic matter on top of the contaminated layer. However, there are ecological pathways that can recirculate traces of radioactive contamination, as noted by a benchmark study at the site of the Chernobyl incident: "When contaminated, the specific ecological pathways in forests often result in enhanced retention of contaminating radionuclides. The high organic content and stability of the forest floor soil increases the soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides with the result that lichens, mosses and mushrooms often exhibit high concentrations of radio-nuclides."[12]
Understanding of changes in radiation levels at Rendlesham Forest can also be aided by research into the effects of environmental factors on radioactive contamination on agricultural land. On an arable field, such as Capel Green, arable cycles would be expected to have a dramatic effect on radiation levels measured in the years following contamination. Normal ploughing of land contaminated by radiation greatly suppresses external irradiation.[13] Ploughing reduces radiation levels detected in the air above ground, and also reduces radiation levels of direct measurements from soil samples.[14] This dilution effect varies with factors such as soil type and composition and the type of radionuclide (e.g. organic atoms like radioactive carbon are more readily incorporated into plants than inorganic atoms like uranium). Specialised ploughing apparatus has been successfully employed at sites of major radiation incidents to greatly reduce topsoil contamination.
The soil type at Capel Green is classified as Soilscape 10: "Freely draining slightly acid sandy soils" with low carbon and low agricultural fertility. Our observations of the geology of this field describe a topsoil pale-brown-red in colour, with a very fine, powdery sandy, silty texture, lacking substantial organic matter, clay, stones or gravel. Beneath the topsoil, at a depth of about 50 cm, is a deep layer of fine yellow sand. (This geology is typical of the area, according the British Geological Survey, and is a product of the Quaternary Glaciations culminating in the Anglian glaciation about 450,000 years ago.) The bioavailability of radionuclides is high in sandy soils, with higher uptake of radioactive material by crops compared with other soil types.[14] Sandy soils are also more permeable to water than other types, allowing rainfall to drain down from the surface into deeper layers. Sand is an effective water filtration medium, capturing larger particles and purifying the water as it passes through.
Further studies are recommended to improve understanding of the very long-term effects of arable rotations on radioactive contamination, ideally under similar conditions to those present at Capel Green, through a five-year or ten-year study that could then be extrapolated to the 37+ year scenario at Rendlesham Forest.
In summary, we have shown that, even 37 years after a UFO incident, it is possible to detect new evidence and uncover new information with the potential to answer unresolved questions and lead to novel theories.
This study supports historical claims of elevated radiation levels associated with UFO activity during the Incident, constituting physical evidence of the UFO activity, together with radar observations during the incident[19], plaster casts of landing marks and damage to trees. In addition to physical evidence the UFO hypothesis is supported by numerous expert military eye-witnesses and also several civilian witnesses[20] who live locally.
A future study is highly recommended to produce a high-resolution gradiented heatmap to reveal the shape and extent of the hotspots identified in this work, e.g. by taking a large number of measurements at numerous locations in a tight grid covering each hotspot, sampling outwards until air dose rate falls to background levels. This would allow the hotspots to be visualised and could prove meaningful (e.g. if a heatmap revealed a triangular hotspot geometry with the highest levels near the corners, this would obviously align with eye-witness descriptions of a UFO landing footprint, adding support to a hypothetical causal relationship). It would also be useful to collect data at additional measurement locations, seeking features on the radiation heatmap of the area that might have been missed by this study.
As time passes after a case goes cold, scientific instruments and techniques become more sensitive and accurate. This underscores the value of taking samples as soon as possible after the fact for future analysis. Advances in technology also offer hope that mysteries seeming inexplicable today may yet be elucidated, and intractable problems solved.
The study and its implications will be discussed in much greater detail in an accompanying article which will be published soon after this report.
Ministry of Defence. The authors are indebted to Stirling Askew (Station Staff Officer at HQ Woodbridge Stn., Rock Barracks, Suffolk, UK) for authorising our access to Woodbridge Airfield, to Damien Payton for his local knowledge invaluable personal assistance with our research activities there, and to Tony Burlton for navigating the MoD chain of command on our behalf. We thank the MoD for allowing us to enter an active military base and giving us the freedom to take photos wherever we needed. We probably could not have done this work in any other country. The MoD could easily have declined our humble request. The personnel who helped us had no reason to do so other than a spirit of openness, helpfulness and courtesy which British armed forces deserve to be very proud of.
Forestry Commission England. Sincere thanks to Richard Barker (Head of Parliamentary Business and Information Rights and Director of England's Office, Forestry Commission England in Bristol, UK) and to Roger Woods MCIPR (Manager at the Forestry Commission's East of England Office in Suffolk, UK) for authorising our use of scientific instrumentation on the FCE land at Rendlesham Forest, and for granting us permission to reproduce their map of the area. We commend FCE for recognising the importance of the Rendlesham Forest incident by creating their excellent UFO trail complete with objectively-written signs and leaflets and a replica craft. This has become a unique pilgrimage for UFO enthusiasts as well as a treasured outdoor resource for the general public.
Met Office. Special thanks to Duncan Ball (Information Specialist at the Met Office in Devon, UK) who sourced the raw historical meteorological data logs from weather stations near Rendlesham Forest. Also, Fleur, Weather Desk Advisor at the Met Office in Devon, UK, who helped us to navigate the information sources and departments of the Met Office.
Pope N, Penniston J, Burroughs J (2014) Encounter in Rendlesham Forest: The Inside Story of the World's Best-Documented UFO Incident. Thomas Dunne Books.
Halt C (2016) The Halt Perspective. Haunted Skies Publishing.
Ridpath I (2014) Were the radiation readings significant? The Rendlesham Forest UFO Case.
Ridpath I (2014) The Rendlesham UFO witness statements. The Rendlesham Forest UFO Case.
Ridpath I (2014) Rendlesham Forest UFO chase – the route into the forest. The Rendlesham Forest UFO Case.
Howe L (2010) Where Was the December 26, 1980, Encounter? Earthfiles.com. [Paywall]
Warren L (2005) Left at East Gate: a First-Hand Account of the Rendlesham Forest UFO Incident, Its Cover-Up, and Investigation. Cosimo Books.
UFO Hunters: Military vs. UFOs (2008). History Channel. Sn. 1, Ep. 5.
Ridpath I (2014) Where was the "landing site" that Halt investigated? The Rendlesham Forest UFO Case.
Dillon J (2016) Ex-cop claims aliens in famed British UFO encounter were 'interested in secret stash of nuclear weapons'. Daily Mirror. [Backup: YouTube]
UFO Invasion at Rendlesham (2003), Sci Fi Channel. [Part 1, Part 2]
Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact. (2002) Nuclear Energy Agency. Ch 6.
Luykx F, Frissel M (1998) Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp 102-146.
Komissarov, Mikhail & Ogura et al. (2017) Effects of plowing on vertical distribution of radioactive Cs and soil physicochemical properties in temperate pastures. Grassland Science. 63: 265–272.
Bruni G (2000) You Can't Tell the People: The Definitive Account of the Rendlesham Forest UFO Mystery: The Cover-up of Britain's Roswell. Sidgwick & Jackson.
Parry E (2018) Airmen involved in 'British Roswell' may have been abducted by aliens, retired US colonel claims in secret footage. The Sun.
The Bentwaters Incident: Captain Lori Rehfeldt (2013) Sirius Disclosure.
Lt Col Charles Halt confirms that objects were tracked on radar (2015) Merlin Media.
Butler B, Randles J, Street D (1986) Sky Crash. Harper Collins.
Project Condign, (December 2000) Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region: Executive Summary, Scientific & Technical Memorandum No. 55/2/00. Annex F, Vol. 2. DI55, Defence Intelligence Service, Ministry of Defence. [Original via Paywall]
Geigerlanding sitesnuclearradiationRendlesham ForestUFOUFOs
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theanalysisnet says:
New military eye-witness interview: Rendlesham Forest witness describes "vision" received during an important UFO incident:
"a mathematical #formula" concerning "#antimatter … #antigravity… #propulsion…"https://t.co/stkGjKLKnH
— The Insider (@theinsider_org) July 27, 2019
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Prior to joining Palladium as a Customer Service Associate, Sarah Kate graduated from Louisiana State University where she earned her Finance degree and Masters of Business Administration.
During football season, she can be found rooting for her LSU Tigers. She also enjoys photography, cooking and exploring the outdoors with her son, Jack.


The organization is a capitated, full-risk Management Services Organization (MSO) specializing in care for older adults.
WellMed provides care for more than 325,000 patients, most of whom receive Medicare. Using the WellMed Care model which adopts the philosophies of an Accountable Care Organization (ACO), WellMed, a part of OptumCare®, continuously strives to improve quality and lower cost.
With a strong focus on primary and preventive care, and using advanced informatics, WellMed produces high-quality outcomes.
They have recently been recognized by The Joint Commission, the nation's oldest and largest health care standard-setting and accrediting health care body, as an accredited Primary Care Medical Home and awarded the Gold Seal of Approval for Ambulatory Care.
The trust between clinician and patient is sacred. Health care providers are intimate partners in a patient's most important undertaking: to heal and be healthy.
I came to WellMed, part of OptumCare, for the chance to give the best possible care and contribute to improving the health and lives of my patients.
It was last January that my patient and I had one of our monthly checkups. At nearly 300 pounds and with A1C blood sugar of 10, my patient and I had the same conversation as always, stressing the importance of weight loss, exercise, sugar control and medication.
Still, as many providers may feel in similar situations, I knew the approach was not working. What was different was this: We had a relationship. I did not feel the need to rush my patient in and out of the exam room. WellMed gave us the gift of time, and time, the gift of intimacy.
My patient suggested an unconventional plan. "How about we do this together? Can you see me every week?" I was happy to answer 'yes.' At WellMed I can see a patient every week. We spent our appointment designing a plan to monitor diets with food diaries.
We talked about carb control. After one month of weekly meetings, the connection between weight and diet and control of diabetes had truly grabbed her. She did her own research and, as partners, we kept each other accountable.
By July, she had lost more than 50 pounds, and I had lost 40. Her A1C is down to 7.6, a significant drop from her previous value. She continues to work, saying her goal is a normal A1C value of seven.
Our relationship presented us both with the opportunity to create a true patient-generated, patient-centered care plan.
This type of engagement is born of a model that protects that space between clinician and patient. It empowers patients and providers to find their specific path to wellness.
My patient looked for a companion in her efforts to lose weight. She and I created a plan to improve the wellness in both of our lives. That is the power of the WellMed model.
I am proud to work with the caring people at WellMed and seek every opportunity to share this story of success. However, though caring is foundational, it is not where we stop. Quality and value outcomes are exceeded every day.
A measure of the success of our business model, WellMed San Antonio's Net Promoter Score (NPS) exceeded its target by one point, indicating that 87 percent of clients would recommend our business to friends and family.
The WellMed Model of Care effectively promotes patient health as a goal in alignment with business objectives to provide high-quality, low-cost, life-enhancing care. The environment allows time spent with patients to be viewed as an investment in wellness.
Having fewer patients per day and being strongly patient-oriented nurtures the development of honest and caring relationships. Without the precious element of time together, I would not have had the conversation that led to my partnership with a patient.
The time we shared increased trust, and as trusted partners we worked together to find her (and my) path to healthier, happier lives.
WellMed (2017). WellMed Awarded Gold Seal of Approval and Primary Care Medical Home Certification From The Joint Commission. [online] Available at: https://www.wellmedhealthcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/WM-Joint-Commission-FINAL-090417.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2018].


text:
Q: Android Things - Slow Installation on NXP PICO-PI-iMX6UL We are experiencing extremely long installation/start/run times for Android Things applications on the NXP PICO-PI-IMX6UL.  This issue is observable when using both Android Studio and adb directly on the command line.
A small application of ~2MB in size takes anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes to install.  The same application on the Intel Edison only takes only a few seconds to install.
It's worth noting that other adb operations seem to run very slowly as well (i.e. shell, logcat, etc.).
We have closely followed the procedures outlined using these resources to install the Android Things image:
https://developer.android.com/things/hardware/imx6ul.html
We have re-flashed the Android Things image several times and experience the same issues.
To rule out any application issues, we have tried installing/running the Android Things sample template application found here: https://github.com/androidthings/new-project-template and experience the same issues.  We can verify that this application installs/runs without issue on an Intel Edison board running Android Things 4.1.
Here are a few more details about our setup:
Host:

*

*Mac OS 10.12.6

*Android Studio version 2.3.3

*Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.39

i.MX6UL:

*

*Android Things Developer Preview Image 5.1

Any suggestions on what is wrong with our setup or what might be causing these issues?
Thanks!
Update 10/20/2017
Further testing with additional NXP i.MX6UL boards has only shown minor improvements in installation and runtimes, and the results are not consistent.  We also tried swapping out the daughterboard for an older version (Wandboard i.MX6UL), but the results were the same.
We plan to continue testing as newer versions of Android Things are released, but in the meantime we are going to continue development with the Intel Edison, despite it being discontinued.

A: I assume there is something wrong with the chip configuration, since simply keeping the kernel "alive" keeps the system rather busy with only 50% idle.. Running the gradle task "uninstallAll" solved the problem if I was not able to start further debug sessions.
Show current CPU usage:

adb shell
top

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ян Парандовский (; 11 травня 1895, Львів — 26 вересня 1978, Варшава) — польський письменник, есеїст і перекладач. Двічі був номінований на Нобелівську премію (1957 і 1959).

Походження
Був позашлюбним сином Юлії Парандовської з Мостиськ і греко-католицького священика, українського теолога, викладача Львівського університету Івана Бартошевського. Цей факт встановила й оприлюднила в своїй книзі «Хто ти є. Початок родинної саги» (2014) онука Я. Парандовського Йоанна Щепковська (відома польська акторка).

Біографія
1913 — закінчив IV Державну чоловічу гімназію імені Яна Длуґоша у Львові, після чого вступив до Львівського університету, на факультет класичної філології та археології.

Під час навчання брав участь в археологічних розкопках на території Європи.

Але перші есеї (про Зиґмунта Красінського та Жан-Жака Руссо) опублікував іще гімназистом — у львівській газеті Przegląd (1912).

Після вступу до Львова російських військ (1914) був інтернований і приблизно до 1919 року мешкав у Саратов і (Росія), де навчався у місцевій гімназії. У цьому місті тоді виходила газета польською мовою Wieśći saratowskie («Саратовські вісті»), редактором якої значився Jan Parandowski.

1919 — повернувся до Львова. Того ж року в Станиславові накладом 150 примірників вийшла книжка Яна Парандовського «Більшовизм і більшовики в Росії» (Bolszewizm i bolszewicy w Rosji). Ні в СРСР, ні в Польській Народній Республіці її не перевидавали. У комуністичні часи примірники книжки вилучали з польських бібліотек, і лише завдяки вцілілій фотокопії з бібліотеки Вроцлавського університету 1996 побачило світ її 2-е польське видання.

1923 — успішно закінчив Львівський університет.

1923 — отримав звання магістра класичної філології й археології.

1929 — переселився зі Львова до Варшави.

1930—1931 — був одним із двох редакторів науково-літературного журналу Pamiętnik Warszawski.

1933 — очолив польський ПЕН-клуб. На цій посаді беззмінно (з перервою на роки Другої світової війни) пробув до самої смерті.

1937—1938 — редагував серію «Великі люди» при Державному видавництві шкільних книг.

1944 — під час Варшавського повстання згорів будинок Парандовського, у вогні загинув весь архів письменника — не лише матеріали до вже виданих творів, але й чернетки нових. Зокрема, згорів майже готовий роман, який повинен був стати 2-ю частиною роману «Небо пломеніє» — з розповіддю про подальше життя головного персонажа, Теофіла Гродзіцького.

1945—1950 — Парандовський викладав у Люблінському католицькому університеті (завідував кафедрою спочатку античної культури, а потім порівняльного літературознавства).

У цей час відвідав Норвегію, Швецію, Францію, працював у Королівській бібліотеці Стокгольму і Національній бібліотеці Парижа.

З 1948 — член Варшавського наукового товариства.

1948 — готував Всесвітній конгрес інтелектуалів у Вроцлаві.

1958 — допомагав у організації Міжнародного з'їзду перекладачів у Варшаві.

1962 — обраний віце-президентом Міжнародного ПЕН-клубу.

Творчість

Більшість статей, оповідань, есеїв Парандовського присвячені темі античності. Популярність у широкого читача він здобув завдяки своїй книзі «Мітологія».

Переклав книги Юлія Цезаря «Про громадянську війну» (1951), Лонга «Дафніс і Хлоя» (1948), «Одіссею» Гомера (1953).

Проте основною його працею вважають книгу «Алхімія слова».

Деякі твори
 1924 — Мітологія (Mitologia; популярний виклад античних переказів, легенд і вірувань)
 1924 — Ерос на Олімпі (Eros na Olimpie)
 1927 — Дві весни (Dwie wiosny)
 1927 — Троянська війна (Wojna trojańska)
 1930 — Король життя (Król życia; про Оскара Вайльда)
 1933 — Олімпійський диск (Dysk olimpijski)
 1934 — Відвідини та зустрічі (Odwiedziny i spotkania)
 1935 — Пригоди Одисея (Przygody Odyseusza)
 1936 — Небо пломеніє (Niebo w płomieniach; автобіографічний роман)
 1949 — Середземноморська година (Godzina śródziemnomorska)
 1951 — Алхімія слова (Ałchemia słowa)
 1953 — Сонячний годинник  (Zegar słoneczny; книжка оповідань про дитинство)
 1955 — Вибрані твори (Pisma wybrane)
 1956 — Петрарка (Petrarka)
 1957 — Вибрані твори, тт. 1-3 (Dzieła wybrane, tomy 1-3)
 1958 — З античного світу (Z antycznego świata)
 1959 — Мій Рим (Mój Rzym)
 1961 — Повернення до життя (Powrót do życia)
 1962 — Вереснева ніч
 1967 — Акація (Akacja)

Нагороди
1936 — бронзова медаль олімпійського конкурсу мистецтва та літератури, який проходив під час Берлінської олімпіади (за роман «Олімпійський диск»).

1937 — «Золотий лавровий вінець» Польської літературної академії (за творчі досягнення).

1964 — Державна премія I ступеня (за сукупність літературної діяльності).

1976 — doctor honoris causa факультету християнської філософії Люблінського католицького університету.

Примітки

Українські видання
 Міфологія. Вірування та легенди стародавніх греків та римлян. — К.: Молодь, 1977 (український переклад Ольги Лєнік; наклад 100 000 примірників)
 Небо пломеніє. — Л.: Каменяр, 1978 (український переклад Богдана Гавришківа; наклад 165 тисяч примірників).
 Алхімія слова. — К.: Дніпро, 1991 (український переклад Юрія Попсуєнка; наклад 15 000 примірників)
 Ян Парандовський. Король життя. Роман. З польської переклав Юрій Попсуєнко
 Петрарка (Ян Парандовський). «Всесвіт» № 10, 1972. З польської переклав Анатолій Седик

Посилання
 Брат Нібенімеда. Алхімік слова Ян Парандовський // zaxid.net, 21.05.2010
 Іван Лучук. Хто був батьком Яна Парандовського // Zbruch, 06.04.2015
Анатолій Салій. Ян Парандовський і проблема самотності автора // https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fshron1.chtyvo.org.ua%2FSalii_Anatolii%2FYan_Parandovskyi_i_problema_samotnosti_avtora.pdf

Польські письменники
Польські перекладачі
Перекладачі Гомера
Польські есеїсти
Уродженці Львова
Випускники Львівського університету
Померли у Варшаві
Члени ПЕН-клубу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The manner of seizure for a mental health evaluation violated the Plaintiff's fourth amendment right
Phyllis May was involuntarily taken to a hospital police officer Tommy Allen of the City of Nahunta, Georgia Police Department for a mental health evaluation. She subsequently sued pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983 for an unlawful seizure in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. May took this appeal from the district court's order granting Officer Allen's motion for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity. The issue in May v. City of Nahunta, Georgia is whether an otherwise authorized mental-health seizure was converted into an unconstitutional one by virtue of the seizing law enforcement officer's conduct.
May was the sole care taker for her Alzheimer-stricken mother fell into a deep sleep after a taxing few days of caring for her mother. When May's brother was unable to rouses May from her sleep he called 911 and four emergency medical technicians arrived in response. Officer Allen also arrived at the residence in response to the 911 call requesting his assistance and was told information by the EMT and his observations, he decided to seize May in her bedroom and transport her to the hospital for a psychological evaluation.
In conducting the mental health seizure Officer Allen asked the EMTs to leave the room and locked the door behind and informed May that she was going to the hospitals and instructed her to change from her nightgown to more suitable clothes. Despite her urging he refused to leave while he changed, handed her clothing, touched her shoulder roughly in an effort to pull off her nightgown, instructed her to remove her shorts and first put on her undergarments, and when she refused he insisted that she will while patting his gun. Officer Allen remained in the locked room alone with May for 15-20 minutes while ignoring May's sister's request from the other side that he open the door.
After she was taken to the hospital where she spent two hours she was released when it was determined there was nothing wrong with her.
May filed a suit pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983 in the Southern District of Georgie against Allen and the City of Nahunta Georgia alleging an unlawful seizure in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, false imprisonment in violation of the due process clause as well as state law claims against Allen for assault and battery, invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment.
The appeals court concluded that Officer Allen's action in seizing May for psychological evaluation was justified. The officer had arguable probable cause to seize May for a psychological evaluation based on the facts presented by the EMT's who reported to him May had been combative herself, upset, vigorously scruffing and hitting herself in the head. The officer could have reasonably have believed that May posed a danger to herself. The court is reluctant to second guess an officer's decision to transport a person to the hospital to evaluate possible mental-health concerns.
Though the court affirmed the district court's holding that Officer Allen was entitled to qualified immunity for the initial seizure, the appeals court reversed the district court's finding that the officer conducted a lawful seizure and found the seizure was unreasonable. While the officer has arguable probable cause to seize and transport May to the hospital for evaluation, the manner in which he did so was unreasonable thereby violating May's Fourth amendment rights to be free from seizure in which she was compelled by threat of deadly force to disrobe in front of a male police officer with whom she remained alone in a locked room for twenty minutes and the right was clearly established.
Posted in: Constitution - Bill of Rights
Updated: December 19, 2016 9:57 am

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A lot of havoc was created by the triple whammy of three major hurricanes making landfall on American territory in rapid succession in 2017. It also brought the challenges of maintaining and restoring power amid natural disasters into sharp relief.
The good news for utilities and their customers is that modern technology and strategic planning have greatly advanced the resilience of electric power generation and transmission resources. That encompasses a mix of proactive structural hardening and better calibrated responses.


Home Bitcoin Looking to invest in Crypto?
Looking to invest in Crypto?
So you have finally learned that Cryptocurrency is here to stay and all the FUD issued by Central media teams saying how "Bitcoin's bubble will burst" were totally wrong!
What you need to know first and foremost about Cryptocurrency is that it does not technically have a worth value. Unlike the Dollar or Sterling with holds its value against commodities, Gold, Oil etc, Cryptocurrency at this moment in time does not.
Cryptocurrency, in particular, Bitcoin's price fluctuations has certainly hit the headlines in the past 18 months due to the price increasing from a around $1000 in 2017 to $20,000 at the beginning of 2018.
The price of Bitcoin has got a lot of people wealthy as of late and also a lot of people in some serious financial issues.
The highly volatile environment in which Cryptocurrencies revolve in can see a price change of upto 100% in hours. This is not something you would see with your Fiat currencies like the Dollar or Sterling but for a stock market trader, it's quite close to a days work in Wall Street.
So you want to invest in Cryptocurrency?
Our advice would be to always do your own due diligence or DYODD for short.
Investing or even purchasing a Cryptocurrency nowadays is as easy as buying a product off Amazon.
Many central exchanges like Coinbase for example will allow you to sign up for an account, tap in a dollar figure you want to buy in Cryptocurrency and have it loaded to your online account in minutes.
The downside to using sites like Coinbase is the fees they charge to purchase Cryptocurrency, sometimes these central exchanges charge anything up to 6% which in figures of the thousands can be a pretty large lump taken from your holdings.
Another issue with these central exchanges is the lack of ability to purchase Cryptocurrencies that they do not list.
XRP for example is a sought after digital asset due to it's apparent ability to be a disrupted payment option over Visa. At this moment in time, you cannot buy XRP on Coinbase so for an investor to get their hands on XRP they would need to open an account on an exchange like Binance and use their Bitcoin or Ethereum to buy XRP.
This process can take a few minutes to a few days depending on the exchanges allowing you to pass their KYC (know your customer) procedures and when they do finally pass your validity details, the price may have dropped by 50% or more.
So again, if you want to be an investor in Cryptocurrency, we advise to take precaution, think if the money your about to invest is money you can afford to lose and always Do your own due diligence.
Next articleCreated your own Cryptocurrency? Here is a list of 6 exchanges where you can instantly trade it, for free!


You are in Kaptai and not exploring the beauty of the Karnaphuli River, it is impossible. And so we (Me and my friend) decided to stay very near to that river where the Panorama Zoom Restaurant/ Zoom Restora located. This restaurant is run and managed by BGB and here are some beautiful wooden cottages to stay, very secure and scenic, located on the Chittagong-Kaptai Road. There is a separate picnic spot as well for the tourists.
Panorama Zoom restaurant is on the 2nd floor. This restaurant is well decorated with wood and other natural materials got wooden stairs as well. While eating enjoyed the panoramic view of the river Karnaphuli too. Outside it was raining because of the Rainy Season. Oh, what an amazing beauty it was!!! It was just thrilling to explore something new and something beautiful.
We reached this resort by afternoon (August 15, 2014) where we booked already Venus Cottage for two days. Had lunch with Deshi/Bengali Menu (Plain Rice with Rui Fish Curry, veggies and many other items). The food taste was yummy cooked inside the restaurant itself and later came to know that big size Rui fish caught from the Karnaphuli river, this is something can't imagine staying at Dhaka.
Next day (August 16, 2014) we came out to explore Bangladesh in the Kaptai Upazila. We visited Kaptai Lake, Kaptai Dam and Karnaphuli Hydroelectric Power Station in Kaptai and the Hanging Bridge in Rangamati. I really loved hilly roads and all natural view on the way to our next destination, Rangamati. Some other attractive tourist spots here are Kaptai National Park, Karnaphuli Paper Mill, Rajban Bihar Pagoda and Shubhalang Waterfall.
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This largest river is not only increasing the beauty among tourists but also playing a very important role for Chittagong division and the Hill Tracts. The Karnaphuli river is the main source for the Kaptai Dam, it built upon this river. This dam got 16 gates with 2,200 ft long and 150 ft wide. The calm view of this river from the Karnaphuli Bridge was amazingly beautiful. I didn't want to miss the chance to take some snaps of this beautiful river during our visit to Rangamati.
During the build-up of the Kaptai Dam, the reservoir of this dam became Kaptai Lake. This artificial lake is one of the beautiful and main attractive destinations for all travelers in Kaptai Upazila of the Rangamati District. Mostly tourists enjoy boating here. This lake and the dam were created mainly to produce hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity.
This is the only one hydroelectric power station in the South Asian country Bangladesh. This power station built by using the source of the Karnaphuli River water. Special permission requires the higher authority to enter inside to visit the beautiful Kaptai Dam and the Hydroelectric Power Plant. Visitors are not allowed photo shooting here. I was extremely happy after visiting this power station. It was an awesome experience for me.
All tourists main attraction in Rangamati is Hanging Bridge which built over the Kaptai Lake. For entry, you have to get the entrance ticket and from here you can hire a boat to visit Shubhalang Waterfall. This is one popular restaurant Peda Ting Ting to taste tribal food. Many boating packages are available to enjoy boating here. Tourists do buy many local handicrafts from the tribal shop outside of this spot.
We came back to our resort for a while. And afternoon I went for a boating in the Karnaphuli river. I've loved the evening walk and the sunset beauty of the riverside from this resort. Furthermore, the amazing calmness, beautiful greeneries, lovely sky with a mountain view is just more than enough to attract any nature lovers. Therefore one should not miss exploring the beautiful Kaptai Upazila and Rangamati District of Bangladesh.
Which attractive tourist spot will you like to explore in Kaptai and Rangamati?