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You are in calendar Chanukah: Culture Shock
Chanukah: Culture Shock
The Medrash tells us about a man named Yosef Meshisa. He may have lived at the time of the Roman invasion, but the context of the Medrash makes it sound like he lived at the time of the Greeks. He was what we would call a traitor. He joined the Greeks, adopted their culture, and assisted them in military strategy. When the Greeks invaded the Bais Hamikdash (Temple), they sent him in first. They told him to choose one item that would be his to keep.
Yosef Meshisa entered the Bais Hamikdash and grabbed the Menorah. When he came out it was immediately confiscated by the Greeks.
"This is too pretty", they said. "It's too nice for you. A simple man like you cannot own something like this"
The Greeks told Yosef Meshisa to go back into the Bais Hamikdash and choose something else. He refused. They offered to make him a tax collector for three years if he would go back in. He still refused. Finally, they threatened to kill him if he did not re-enter.
Yosef Meshisa reamined defiant. He said, "I angered my G-d once. I will not do it again." And he was put to death.
What happened to Yosef Meshisa? He couldn't have been too holy if he was willing to go into the Bais Hamikdash and take the Menorah. What caused him to repent?
The Ponevizher Rav explains that the very space of the Bais Hamikdash had the power to change a person. Yosef Meshisa was a different man because he had spent time in the Bais Hamikdash. This is an awesome thought, but still does not totally answer the question. If he repented inside the Bais Hamikdash, why did he come out carrying the Menorah?
Perhaps it was his conversation with the Greeks that put him over the edge. Yosef went into the Bais Hamikdash and was, perhaps unexpectedly, overwhelmed by its holiness. He was drawn to the Menorah and all that it embodied and represented. This Menorah was the focal point of the entire Jewish nation in their service of Hashem. It was constantly lit and represented the light that Hashem asked us to share with the world. The Menorah was holy. Yosef Meshisa grabbed the Menorah because, deep inside, it meant something to him.
When he came outside to his friends, he encountered a culture shock. The Greeks said he couldn't have the Menorah because it was too beautiful, too fine a work of art and he was too simple to appreciate it. They couldn't see the spirituality in the Menorah or holiness that it brought. They couldn't see that it was meaningful to him. All they saw was a beautiful candelabra.
It was at that point that Yosef realized that he had fallen in with the wrong crowd. The Jews weren't against the beauty, the mathematics, or the art of the Greeks. They were against the attitude that everything in this world is tangible and that an invisible G-d and spirituality have no place.
Yosef Meshisa realized that there was far more the Menorah than what the Greeks were able to recognize. He realized that there was far more to Yosef Meshisa than he himself had been willing to recognize. He had a soul and it was far more important to him than any honor or riches or culture that he had been willing to exchange for it.
One of the edicts of the Greeks was that every Ox horn must be engraved with the statement "we have nothing to do with Hashem". The Greeks knew what they were doing.
Imagine a Jew walking behind his ox plowing his field or bringing goods to the marketplace. He realizes that as hard as he is working, he is relying on Hashem to make him successful. The Greeks wanted to put a stop to that. They wanted us to spend all day staring at anti-god bumper stickers.
The lesson of Chanukah and of Yosef Meshisa is that there is more to the world than what the Greeks were willing to see. There is a spiritual component and G-d is with us in everything that we do.
Several years ago I joined the Lost Tribe on another one of their motorcycle rides down to Surrey, VA. As I sat enjoying the thrill of sharp turns at 70 mph I felt particular close to the asphalt and knew that we would need to say Tefillas Haderech (the traveler's prayer). We made a stop in the quaint village of Isle-of-white, parked our bikes and stood in a semi-circle. I explained that we would be asking G-d to keep us safe and healthy and out of harm's way. The group nodded appreciatively and treated me to a resounding "Amein" when I finished.
Two statements from the riders told me that Tefillas Haderech had been a good idea:
'If that is how fast all of you services are", one fellow said, "I'm becoming Orthodox".
The second fellow was a little more reverent. "So, will G-d be joining us on our ride now?" he wanted to know.
The idea of G-d coming along on our bike ride is still bouncing around in my head. G-d comes along with us, no matter who we are, where we are, or what we are doing. It should be obvious to us, but it sometimes isn't.
We need to use the days of Chanukah to refocus and connect to the purity that powers our lives and has the ability to give meaning and depth to everything that we do. Whether we are holding the Menorah, leading an ox, sitting behind a desk, or riding a Harley, G-d is with us. He is on our side and an integral part of our lives.
View this article, and others like it, online at: http://www.torahlab.org/calendar/article/chanukah_culture_shock/


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is another Bob and Chuck CD, made in Chuck's studio in his barn, down in Tolleson, Arizona. The songs are all a joint effort, except for two of them, which are all Chuck's lyrics. Bob just a put a tune to 'em. He's singing all the songs himself, Chuck wanted it like that. These guys have a lot of fun writing songs like this, a sort of mixture of country, pop and soft rock. Some of 'em are comedies, but most of 'em are love songs. If you're looking for something that will put you to sleep or just make you feel warm and relaxed, this is just the ticket. You can get it here, or you can go to CD Baby and get it there. Take your pick.


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Ares Kingdom "By the Light of Their Destruction" LP Coming Soon
Ares Kingdom "By the Light of Their Destuction" LP/PicLP/MC/Digital
ANTI-GOTH 431
By the Light of Their Destruction by Ares Kingdom
(Description by J. Campbell)
It has been more than 20 years since Order From Chaos alumni Chuck Keller and Mike Miller recorded their first demo under the name Ares Kingdom. After the demo, nearly a full decade passed before Ares Kingdom released their first full-length album, "Return to Dust." By that time, the band was operating as a four-piece with Alex Blume (Nepenthe, Blasphemic Cruelty) and Doug Overbay joining the fold. Overbay left the band following the release of the second album, "Incendiary," and, operating as a trio since that time, the band's sound became ever more taut, elemental, and savage. This new album, "By the Light of Their Destruction"—the fourth full-length in the Ares Kingdom catalog, not counting the band's 2013 compilation of cover tracks entitled "Veneration"—departs thematically and sonically from the band's prior work, with darker melodies and heavier instrumentation signaling a stylistic shift from the three earlier albums
According to Keller, the catalyst for the new collection of songs was his discovery of some unused song ideas created for Vulpecula, the celestial black metal project that Keller worked on after the dissolution of Order From Chaos. Keller began repurposing the incomplete songs for presentation under the Ares Kingdom banner. In contrast to the empyreal nature of Vulpecula, Ares Kingdom's music has always been terrestrial and visceral, inspired by earthly turmoil. Weaving the two together has produced a decidedly different type of Ares Kingdom composition, extending from the blood-soaked soil of the battlefield trenches to the star-strewn infinity of the heavens in a way that is reminiscent of Order From Chaos. Indeed, one hears in these tracks stronger echoes of Order From Chaos than in any of Keller's other subsequent output.
The precision and sharpness of Keller's guitars are kept aloft by the stalwart machinery of Miller's drums and Blume's bass. But Miller and Blume offer more than scaffolding for the riffs; the bass and drums are separate heads of the Hydra, attacking furiously in tandem with Keller. The drumming in particular deserves special recognition. Miller is among the rare class of drummers whose performances provide a solid foundation while simultaneously assuming a dominant role in the forefront of the mix, as frantic and integral as the guitar. The darker atmosphere conjured on the new album is also well-suited for Blume's commanding vocals, which are more varied than on the previous albums.
Of course, when describing Ares Kingdom, one must call attention to the band's compositional brilliance. Like its predecessors, this album was years in the making. To call Keller meticulous, is an understatement; his devotion to the craft of composition is legendary. Everything on this album is painstakingly sculpted, even the blurred constellation of notes in the solos. While Keller's reputation as among the greatest guitarists in the extreme metal scene has never been seriously questioned, his lyrical craft is seldom discussed with the same degree of reverence, though it should be. Drawing upon Keller's education in and appreciation for martial history, the prior Ares Kingdom albums focused predominantly on matters of weaponry and war. The thematic inspiration for this album is quite different. Keller's lyrics for "By the Light of Their Destruction" read like poetry, evoking more obscure imagery. The band's martial theme still permeates the album but is augmented by stories of ancient gods, their myths and symbols, and their sublime manifestations in the world of men.
The Hydra Void
Burn, Antares (Scorpius Diadem)
Dark Waters Eridanus
Radiant and Storm
Eighteen Degrees Beneath
The Bones of All Men
Iconologia
A Reward for Sin
Talis Chimera Est
CD: May 2019
LP: July 2019
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Under a recently signed Letter of Intent, Jeppesen and Continental Airlines have begun working together to define a multi-year Required Navigation Performance (RNP) program.
Under a recently signed Letter of Intent, Jeppesen and Continental Airlines have begun working together to define a multi-year Required Navigation Performance (RNP) program. Continental is actively adopting the latest technology for its flight operations, including Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) services from Jeppesen. The RNP program is another indicator of how the forward-looking airline is using technology to maximize efficiency, and reduce its environmental footprint.
Jeppesen has extensive experience designing and developing RNP procedures for clients around the world and is uniquely positioned to offer a wide array of RNP services, such as RNP procedure maintenance, validation/comparison services on RNP procedure navigation data, charting and database coding for RNP procedures, FAA-qualified RNP consulting, and more.
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Exercise to Scripture in order to actively think about God's Word. If we ask God for wisdom, He will open up His Word to us!
When we seek Him, we will find Him. When we come near to God, He comes near to us. God will embody and empower our study of the Word through His Spirit as we think on His Word, mull it over, ask God about it, wrestle with it, focus on it, give it attention, look at it from a 3-d perspective, dig into it, mine out the diamonds and precious stones. This is "meditation" as the Bible teaches it.
to activate more chemical and physical pathway involvement in the brain. This concept is nothing new or strange. Adding thephysical movement to bible study involves more synapses and whole body neurology than just sitting and reading The Word silently. As a teacher of children, I and every other teacher I know, understand the efficiency and effectiveness of helping kids to learn concepts kinesthetically. My children sang geography, involving their ears, speech and the creative side of their brains. We finger painted on sandpaper to learn letters. In Sunday School we do fun hand movements with the kids during worship. It helps them stay engaged, focused and in the zone. Adults too, learn better by involving both sides of the brain and all of their senses: hearing, touching, moving, speaking. It's a fact. When we are engaged in God's Word with our whole being, we will create unique times of openness to God's teaching moments. When we avail ourselves to the teaching moments of the Holy Spirit, He brings revelation and renewal of our minds: down to the very cells!
lives. We need to put feet on His Word and walk it. This is the exercise of our faith: not the physical exercise, but spiritual exercise. We humble ourselves before God by dancing His Word back to Him and that communicates our desire to worship and commune with Him. Prayer without words is an encouraged concept in the Bible, one of the many ways to pray with the spirit, with intent. We are using the exercise to help us access God's Word and focus on it. Our heart intent is that instead of just hearing it, God's Word will becomes a part of us and we intend to act on it. We celebrate His Word in joy and express our love of His Word by dancing it before Him, in His presence. The tool of exercise is making study of the Bible more accessible to those of us who are kinesthetic learners. Then through regular habit of Bible study, revelation comes. God Himself breaks through to us and writes His Word on our hearts.
Exercise to Scripture to grow. As our heart soil becomes soft and nutritious, the seeds of God's Word grow. Like a mustard seed, it starts out very small but it can grow into a huge tree providing rest and shade. God's Word will bear fruit in our lives and multiply to others.
focus on memorizing Scripture, even if we got nothing else done at all. At the time, I doubted often, thinking maybe I was a little negligent of the "real school work." Now that my kids are all grown I realize God was right. I could not care less about any math or english that I taught my kids! The real treasure to give those you love is Scripture in their hearts that God can bring back to their minds over and over during their lives. Just when you need God's leading in a desperate situation, He will bring back to your mind the exact guidance and comfort from the treasure stores of His Word in your heart. When you are struggling about what is right or wrong, He will bring back His Word to your mind and you will understand and have confidence to act according to His will, even in the face of contrary pressure.
Know Jesus as the Word. The Word of God is living and active and powerful. It is a sharp sword able to cut through both bone and marrow. God's Word is perfect. God's Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld His glory, the Only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth. Jesus is the expression of the whole Word of God. As we relate to God through His Word, we allow Jesus to live it out in us, just as He lived it out on this earth.
Pursue the high calling of God Almighty on your life. Jesus has called us to be perfect and holy. As we enter into this process of the pursuit of holiness it will bring ultimate fulfillment because it is God's perfect will for each of us. It is our destiny to allow Jesus to become the Word in our lives, the final authority, the voice we submit to and act on through His power. Holiness is definitely a process and as the Apostle Paul openly admitted, 'I am not perfect yet, but I know I will be. This I do, forgetting what is behind, I press on to the upward calling of Jesus Christ.' Every day we seek God's forgiveness for our imperfections and move forward with Him confidence in His promises, that He sees us as Holy through Jesus and that when we see His face, when we see Him as He is, we will be like Him.
Lastly, but most importantly, exercise to Scripture to know the love of God. The highest calling on our lives is to know the love of Jesus. Yes Jesus loves me! How do I know? The Bible tells me so.


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You are here:Home»World Coins»Niue»2019 - Niue 100 NZD Gold Double-Ounce Coin Wenceslas IV and Sigismund of Luxembourg - Proof
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2019 - Niue 100 NZD Gold Double-Ounce Coin Wenceslas IV and Sigismund of Luxembourg - Proof
Producer: Czech Mint
Producer code: 75574-611
Catalogue number: 75574-611
Denomination: 100 NZD
Weight: 62,2 g
Author/Designer: Mgr. art. Miroslav Hric, ArtD.
Mintage (pcs): 200
Our price: € 4.127,30 inc. of VAT
Availability: on request
Gold coins of the Czech Mint with the weight of two troy ounces traditionally introduce historical pairs. The series of royal brothers Wenceslas IV. and Sigismund of Luxembourg was issued in 2019.
The stories of brothers are old as mankind itself. The history of the Czech lands is dominated by the relationship of the sons of Charles IV. Older Wenceslas loved literature, art, esotericism and hunting. He felt to be a Czech king and he rarely traveled to Germany. He completed many important buildings during his father's reign, and was inspired by Master Jan Hus's revolutionary ideas. On the other hand, he was involved in the martyrdom of John of Nepomuk, he liked alcohol, and therefore deposed from the Roman throne as a "useless and lazy man, unsuitable for the Roman Empire". The younger Sigismund was educated, spoke nine languages, and inherited the talent of an european ruler from his father. He was called a "fox" in the Czech lands. He was perceived as a despot that tended towards Hungary and the Empire, he caused the death of Jan Hus and sent several crusades against the Hussites. However, the members of the Constitutional Council called Sigismund "King of Solomon". His wise decisions led to the elimination of the rule of the three popes and fought against heretics and expanding Turks. Obviously, both brothers were quite different, and it is no wonder that there were frequent conflicts between them. The monarchs, who should had followed the legacy of Charles IV, eventually lost him. The fault was the almost insurmountable legacy of the Father of Homeland, but also the economic crisis, the papal schism and the beginnings of the Christian Reformation…
The two-ounce coin represents the first cooperation between the Czech Mint and Mgr. Art. Miroslav Hric, ArtD. The expert medal maker devoted the reverse side to the crowned busts of both brothers, who are staring at the royal throne. Since the coin is being issued with the foreign license of the island of Niue, it bears the necessary attributes of this issuer, which means the name and the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, the nominal value of 100 DOLLARS and the year of the issue 2019 complemented with a decorative Gothic motif.
Two brothers, two ounces of gold and only 200 coins!


Established in 1997, integrated workshop experts Dura are Europe's leading designers and manufacturers of high quality workshop furniture. Available to both residential and commercial garages, Dura creates a unique range of cabinets that allow the customer to transform their garage into a more organised and stylish space.
Due to the quality and success that Dura has achieved over recent years, they required a supplier of flooring for their porcelain floor tile range that fitted in beautifully with the 'look and feel' of the Dura Cabinet range.
Minoli fitted with this requirement perfectly and continue to supply Dura's extensive range of customers and dealerships with our Serizzo range of floor tiles.


Mobile technology is so popular today because humans are mobile by nature and they need gadgets and devices which can support this active lifestyle. With many people choosing to commute long distances or having a profession which requires a lot of travel, staying connected and having a host of capabilities instantly available is important. With smart phones, tablets and laptops, mobile technology has become as significant a trend as alternative medicine, albeit a far more useful one for most people.
It is not difficult to see the modern obsession with mobile technology as having almost cult-like qualities. People huddle around tables at coffee shops and bars, stroking their touchscreen devices, even when they are in the middle of a conversation. Apple is perhaps the brand which inspires the most ritualistic following among its fans. Since the iPhone was launched in 2007, it has been able to capture an impressive segment of the smart-phone market. In the final quarter of 2011, it sold 37 million iPhone handsets, which means that even the diverse selection of Android alternatives has had a tough time keeping pace.
Of course, as with alternative medicine, there is not a consensus as to which smart-phone platform is the best. While Apple's iOS is user friendly and blessed with hundreds of thousands of apps to download, it is locked down and relatively difficult to customise. On the other hand, Android's open-source arrangement means that manufacturers can put their own stamp on the software and users can modify their phones to suit their needs. This does mean, however, that Android is more fragmented than iOS and so the user base is split somewhat.
The third route for mobile technology fans is Windows Phone, which Microsoft introduced in late 2010. It was something of a shot in the dark given the dwindling popularity of the preceding Windows Mobile platform, but by borrowing the best bits from its rivals it has proven to be a solid choice and not a homeopathic disappointment.
Mobile technology enthusiasts are usually engaged in self-medicating, because there is almost always a new device on the horizon which will grab their attention and drain their bank balance. Tablet computers have had a major impact since the iPad launched in 2010, but there have been some interesting hybrids in the interim which blur the lines between smart phones and larger portable PCs, even from the point of view of a cell phone expert.
The Samsung Galaxy Note is a good example of this new breed of mobile, since its 5.3-inch screen and stylus interface make it much larger and more interactive than its scaled-down cell phone peers. However, it is still more portable than full-sized tablets and can be used to make voice calls just as you can on a mobile. The LG Optimus Vu has followed in the footsteps of the Galaxy Note, also sporting a stylus and a large display. However, the 4:3 aspect ratio makes this mobile almost square, which any cell phone expert will tell you is unusual, to say the least.
Perhaps the best thing about the mobile technology revolution is that it does not have to cost the world if you want to get your fix of high-end gadgetry. You can get a subsidised handset for a small monthly payment from many competing network carriers and start enjoying top-tier performance straightaway.


Vestry House Museum is very historical and you can learn many things about the art and culture of earlier times here. There are also many old artefacts, clothes etc. to observe. It's perfect to visit for educational purposes.


Horses have an acute sense of touch. Their whole-body touch sense has been described as 'as sensitive as our fingertips' and that 'a horse can feel a fly landing on a single hair'. Anyone who spends time with horses has observed this of course, though our horses, often stoic in nature, will sometimes forget to remind us of it.
I attended a conference yesterday, which certainly put this fact straight back into the forefront of my mind – some of the best researchers finally overtly able to communicate the significant effect this touch sense can have on our horses. I'm not referring to my massage, where this sensitivity is a very helpful work tool! And I'm not referring to the incredible ability to react to the tiniest movement of the rider in the saddle, this is a whole topic all of its own. I'm referring to the over-stimulation we are causing by the addition of ever-more complex pieces of tack and equipment. Our horses put up with a lot before displaying significant behaviour changes, at least obvious ones. Subtle clues are there though…we just need to look for them.
Let's start with the saddle, and for this it's useful to imagine somebody plonking a stone in weight onto your back, perhaps with a narrow gullet which pinches your spine, perhaps with a wide one which allows the weight to sit in direct contact with your bones, and to thud down onto them with each step. Maybe due to this, they add a blanket or two to make it more 'comfy' but this lifts it up and means it wobbles as you move, maybe slipping off slightly one side or the other and digging into your sides, the gullet edge firmly now sitting across your vertebrae on one side and rubbing continuously… Sounds like torture right? Well, we haven't even added a rider yet!! This is the reality for many horses with unfitted saddles. A horse in work with the aim of muscle tone/build or with significant shape change with the seasons should have a qualified saddle fitter check their saddle every 3 to 6 months ideally, though this is often unfortunately considered a luxury expense. Sometimes adjustments can be made, balancing aids added, it is far from a given that a new saddle will be required. The overall improvement in your horses' way of going will no doubt be significant, including benefits such as increased bend, increased hindlimb action and forwardness. Right, preach over 😉 Onto the accessories!
– Bit choices – get advice from the experts where possible – this area is a minefield and there are a multitude of misconceptions regarding poll pressure, tongue pressure and the alternative 'gentleness' of bitless options – even the seemingly 'kind' French Link has been shown to angle sharply into the tongue when in tension!


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Home » Destinations » United Kingdom
October - November 2013
The United Kingdom is made up of so many cities, but as we were heading to it's darkest and coldest days we only managed a small visit before heading back to the warmth of our eternal summers.
We first entered the UK on our Ireland road trip when we headed north through the Republic of Ireland to visit the Giant's Causeway. After that it was a quick stop in London to visit a whole bunch of friends and family Erin had made there during the year she lived there back in 2001.
We stopped in London for a few weeks in order to get out of the Schengen area and for a house sitting assignment.
London was the start and end point for our epic Wales road trip, one of our favourite road trips of all time.
The Ultimate Scotland Road Trip Itinerary: 9 Days in Isle of Skye, Edinburgh, Loch Ness & More.
Oct 24, 2019 United Kingdom
Scotland has long lingered on my travel bucket list. Its grassy carpet-like fields, uncounted cascading waterfalls, stirring mountains, and craggy coastlines are pure fantasy for the landscape lover. My circular 9-day Scotland road trip itinerary involves hiring a car in the capital, Edinburgh, and driving north to Inverness, then delving deep into rugged highlands before climaxing with the fanciful Isle of Skye.
5 Days in London: Best Museums, City Icons & Discount Attractions Pass
Aug 25, 2019 United Kingdom
Planning a short vacation to the UK's mega metropolis, London, will inflict decision anxiety even on the most ruthless traveller. How do you trim down a mammoth wish list of attractions into a mere 5-day itinerary? I've expertly crafted these 5 days in London to combine a discount pass with a generous sprinkling of free museums, galleries and city icons.
6 Best Walking Tours in London
Most international tourists choose to book a London walking tour to discover the city through the eyes of a savvy local. But choosing the right walking tour is harder than it sounds. I've narrowed down hundreds of potentials to 6 of the best walking tours in London, covering history, pop culture, street art and food.
3 Days In York: Long Weekend Itinerary For English History, Culture & Ghost Stories
Aug 4, 2019 United Kingdom
York's backstory had no shortage of drama, and the modern city celebrates its past, warts and all, creating a charming fusion of classical and quirky that's ripe for exploring. My itinerary for 3 days in York feels like a living history book filled with tall Roman walls, Norman castles, quaint medieval buildings, Victorian railways, and narrow cobblestone streets... and even a ghost story or three.
17 Tips To Plan The Ultimate UK Road Trip
Jul 24, 2018 United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a road tripping paradise - windy roads, scenic vistas, rolling hills, majestic mountains, meandering rivers, quaint towns, castles and history galore. Every great travel adventure starts with an equally great plan. So, I've put together my best British driving and planning tips to help kick off your own epic UK road trip.
5 Things To Do With Kids In Mid Wales
Feb 8, 2015 United Kingdom
Find out where we stayed in Machynlleth, as well as 5 fun places to take your kids on your next holiday to Mid Wales. I'm sure you'll love it as much as we did.
Facing My Fears Deep Inside The Earth At Bounce Below, Blaenau Ffestiniog
Bounce Below is the world's first subterranean playground and luckily for us, it is located in north Wales within the Llechwedd Slate Caverns not far from where we were staying. Consisting of massive bouncy nets, chutes and passageways, this is an underground adventure for kids and adults alike that you can't find anywhere else.
Drayton Manor: Theme Park Treat & A Presidential Suite
It's difficult to find birthday treats for people like us who travel permanently. But I knew my energetic 6-year-old would love nothing more than celebrating their birthday at a theme park like Drayton Manor. And I also received a "suite" surprise when we checked-in. Find out the details...
I Didn't Know Holiday Cottages In Pembrokeshire Looked Like This!
Jan 30, 2015 United Kingdom
Living in the big city had worn us down. While we love London we were eager to get away. So eager in fact, we made the 6-hour drive to west Wales in one trip. Now we were in the heart of Pembrokeshire, and ready for our luxury cottage… I mean "barn".
Don't Read This Post About Wolfscastle Country Hotel In Wales (Unless You Want To Ruin Your Keyboard)
Little did I know but we were about to visit one of the best restaurants we've dined at in the last 3 years. We've eaten at close to 1000 restaurants across 50+ countries in recent years and this one ranks in my favourite 5. So when I heap praise on this fine establishment located in rural Wales, please understand it's no small feat and certainly not something I do every day.
How To Spend 24 Hours In Liverpool With Kids (In Winter!)
With only 2 nights and 1 day up our sleeves, find out our favourite winter-friendly attractions in the centre of Liverpool, UK.
Photography Tour Around Cardiff Bay, Wales
Cardiff Bay provides everything a family needs for a fun day out. Take a walk around this modern urban re-development in the centre of Cardiff and feel the vibe of the Welsh capital.
The Ultimate Welsh Road Trip: How To See Wales In 30 Days (PLUS a bit of England)
If you're thinking about a road trip in the United Kingdom, follow our driving adventure around Wales and I'm sure you'll be inspired. Just jump in your car and discover the food, history and natural beauty of this enchanted country within a country.
London Pass: Best Way To See Tower Bridge & Tower Of London
We picked up the London Pass and found that it included a walk on the new glass-floored overpass of Tower Bridge. And since we were in the neighbourhood we figured we should couple it with a visit to the Tower of London. Also find out more about the apartment we stayed at just around the corner.
The Tower Of London Poppies: History In The Making
Nov 23, 2014 United Kingdom
We almost discovered the magnificent display of poppies at The Tower of London by accident, but we were glad we did. 888,246 handmade ceramic flowers symbolised British individuals who had fallen in World War I. My 5-year-old daughter gazed over the sea of crimson and said something that I'll never forget...
Athenaeum Hotel: Family-Friendly Luxury AND Social Media Savvy-ness
During our stay at the Athenaeum in London, we received a surprised knock on the door at 8:45pm on a Saturday night. What happened next shocked us.
Everything Is Awesome: Legoland Windsor
When the kids heard we were going to meet Emmet at Legoland Windsor, well, everything was awesome. Tips and tricks to spending a day at Legoland Windsor.
Paultons Park & Peppa Pig World: The Most Sacred Place For Any Toddler
The most sacred place in the world for any toddler, without a doubt, is Peppa Pig's house. And when Peppa and George come to visit you have a recipe for frenzied screams loud enough to rival any One Direction hormone-laden teenage crowd.
Getting from London to Amsterdam with Eurostar
We looked at different options for getting from London to Amsterdam – air, rail and sea. When we weighed up the benefits and disadvantages, rail came out on top. It was faster (total journey time), more convenient and a much more all-round pleasant experience. Here's how it happened.
5 More Things To Do In London
Last year we wrote a popular post on 10 things to do in London with kids. This year we are adding to it. Some of these things aren't necessarily ideal for little kids, but the big kids will absolutely love it. Includes theme parks, London Dungeons, Harry Potter World and more!
Harry Potter Studio Tour: A Dream For Potter-holics And Those Of Us Less Potter-fied
If you enjoy the Harry Potter books or movies, then a visit to the Studio Tour in London sounds like a wizardy wonderland, doesn't it? Find out how I got there, got around and weather you should try drinking Butterbeer, and if so, how many.
Melia White House: Sophistication In London And The Smart Elevator
An elevator with no buttons, but can take you wherever you want to go. Now that's smart. Either that, or I'm in Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. Find out what it's like inside the luxurious hotel, Melia White House in central London.
Qbic London: Quirky, Fun And Eco-Friendly
When you walk into Qbic London there is a note on the floor "Oh no, not you again!" And somehow the sarcasm, in a strange and quirky way, makes you feel right at home. But one particular decoration in this hotel will stick in my mind forever.
Brockham Bonfire: The Best Night Out For Burning Guy Fawkes
Apr 20, 2014 United Kingdom
We found the largest Guy Fawkes bonfire celebration in England at Brockham Village thanks to an invitation from fellow bloggers. This event has it all - villagers with fired torches, roasted pig, mulled wine and a massive fireworks display. What else would you want on a chilly November evening? Join us along with 20,000 other people discovering the charm of Brockham Village.
I Can No Longer Say "In 15 Years Of Travel I've Never Missed A Flight"
Jan 2, 2014 United Kingdom
It started like any travel day. The cab was on time at our house at 5am for our transport to Stansted airport in London. It was dark and cold. We coasted through the city and down the M11 motorway. With 2 miles to go it looked like we would even be early for our check-in.
What Do You Mean Exciting Food In London?
Dec 12, 2013 United Kingdom
We heard about the Eating London Food Tour she organised in the East End and I wondered if it could really be possible. When I thought of British food, I thought of bland flavours, plain dishes and an overall lack of excitement. I never thought of doing a food tour while we were in London. So we went along to see if 2 fervent food lovers could be impressed with classic British fare.
Peeling Back The Layers Of Mystery Around Stonehenge
Dec 9, 2013 United Kingdom
In the days before pen and paper, before the wheel, before recorded history dating some 5000 years ago, someone with passion and strength beyond measure, created Stonehenge.
10 Things To Do In London With Kids – 5 Of Them Free!
I had never considered London as a children's destination and was not prepared for the lows (trying to carry a double stroller down underground train stairs) or the highs (two hours in a toy store). Check out our top ten and better yet 5 of them are free!
Checking Into London & The Majestic Flemings Mayfair Hotel: A Monopoly Player's Dream Come True
Visiting London after 6 years. Here you can find train prices from Gatwick, where to get your SIM card real cheap and where to stay if you are looking for a luxury family hotel, in the heart of Mayfair.
The Heavens Open Up At Giant's Causeway
Nov 5, 2013 United Kingdom
The low, menacing clouds drifted overhead as we arrived at the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland, Giant's Causeway. The visitors centre was unlike any other tourist attraction we'd seen in Ireland. Uber modern and sleek, it didn't quite fit into the natural, country cottage feel of the other sites we saw. But we didn't mind, we just wanted to get out of the rain.
Cliffside Capers At Carrick-A-Rede Rope Bridge, Northern Ireland
Wet, slightly slippery wooden planks, swaying in the wind over shark infested waters. How could I deny the adventure out into the biting cold rain in order to go where no Bender had gone before?
« Czechia
Ireland »


The mayor of Washington, D.C. disinvited a famed Gospel singer last week from headlining a civil rights concert in the nation's capital, according to reports.
Multiple Grammy and Stellar Award winner Donnie McClurkin, who says that he turned to homosexuality for a time after being sexually abused by men as a child, posted a video statement on SocialCam on Saturday stating that he was "asked not to attend" the event that day. "Reflections on Peace: From Gandhi to King" was to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the civil rights movement in America.


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text:
JACHS – Jacksdale Area Culture & Heritage
Welcome to our brand new style village website funded by The Heritage Lottery Fund. This site updates the original jacksdale.org.uk first launched in 2001.
The site is hosted and maintained by JACHs – Jacksdale Area Culture & Heritage. We are a non-profit making heritage group who organise heritage display days and have been collecting photographs, newspaper articles and documents relating to the history of Jacksdale and Westwood, Notts since 2001. Some of our holdings are on display on this website, but our collection is extensive so please contact us as we may have further information available. Due to our close proximity with Derbyshire we also hold some information relating to Codnor Park and Ironville, Riddings and Somercotes.
Heritage Display June 2010
Our main objective is to preserve our village history and make it accessible to all. If you have any information relating to this area or surrounding villages which you can share we would be delighted to hear from you. We are interested in all subjects from all eras – from sports to schools and industry to fashion, snippets and snapshots large or small.
You are welcome to use the information on this site for educational or non-profit purposes such as family history research and we are sometimes able to provide better quality images on request. However, we ask that you treat the information on this site with the respect it deserves, much of which has been donated by other site users who feel that history should be seen and enjoyed and not hidden away in the attic.
One of our main ambitions has always been to forge links with other local heritage groups and over the years we have been very pleased to have been invited to attend numerous other neighbouring heritage days.
Membership is free and new members are always welcome. No experience is necessary. Please contact us for more information.
Heritage day at Alfreton Oct 2011
JACHs have also written several publications. You can find out more in the 'Support Us' part of this site.
Notable achievements to date include:-
2001 – Launch of our first edition website jacksdale.org.uk. We were one of the first villages in the UK to research the men named on their village war memorial. Our experiences enabled us to go on to help other groups with similar ambitions.
2002 – Publication of a book 'A Village Remembers – A Nottinghamshire village remembers the sacrifices made during the First and Second World Wars.' A book dedicated to the servicemen named on the Jacksdale Memorial who gave their lives in these two conflicts. Five hundred copies sold locally and a leather bound version of the book is on display in St. Mary's Church, Westwood.
The Book of Remembrance in Westwood, St. Mary's
2002 to 2004 – Several local heritage display days, often with guest speakers, attended by hundreds. Much of our work thereafter involved building up the website and continuing to preserve and collect information if it came available.
Oct 2008 – JACH's host a successful heritage day to raise local awareness and start fundraising to bring back the lost soldier statue to the Jacksdale Memorial.
June 2009 – Jacksdale Heritage helped organise 'Soldier Day' to celebrate the return of the soldier statue to our village memorial. The statue had been missing for fifty years, so its return was a remarkable achievement for the whole village and a day we will always remember and feel very proud to have been involved with. The unveiling was attended by 4,000 spectators.
Soldier Day 2009
Dec 2009 – Inspired by the return of our soldier, Jacksdale Heritage, previously a sub-group of BADJER, decide to form a dedicated heritage group so we could concentrate primarily on the heritage of the area. We took inspiration for our name and logo from our village soldier statue who is nicknamed 'Jack'
Apr 2010 – Publication of two short history booklets:- 'Shops and Traders of the Past' and 'Early Days'. We also joined forces with the Codnor Castle Heritage Trust to organise a 'Heritage Gathering' with a medieval theme attended by a representative from the Derby Museum displaying some of 'The Time Team' finds at Codnor Castle.
May 2010 JACH's invited to attend the South Normanton and Pinxton Heritage Event.
June 2010 – JACH's brought the 'Northern Forties' WW2 re-enactment group to the village 'Soldier Day' 1st anniversary celebrations and organised a 1940s nostalgia dance.
The Northern Forties
September 2010 – JACH's invited to the Pye Hill Colliery Reunion to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the closure of the village's Pye Hill Pit.
Dec 2010 – JACHs are granted HLF funding to research and write a book entitled 'Jacksdale & Westwood 1914 to 2014 – Their Tomorrow for our Today' due to be published in 2014. Our research for this project includes gathering sound files recording villagers' memories, collating a large collection of newspaper clippings and transcribing church records. If you have any relevant information or wish to be involved please contact us. New volunteers are always welcome and no experience is needed.
March 2011- JACHs invited to attend the Ironville Christchurch Heritage Day.
Ironville Heritage Day
May 2011 – Extensive project and publication of a booklet in conjunction with Jacksdale Primary School pupils researching the 1911 Census and life in the villages of Westwood and Jacksdale one hundred years on.
June 2011 – Part of our HLF grant enabled us to unveil two large canvasses depicting the original unveiling of our war memorial in 1921 and a similar scene when our new soldier was unveiled in 2009. These 'now and then' canvasses are an excellent visual way to compare how much the village backdrop has changed in the interim period.
Unveiling of the Memorial Canvasses, Jacksdale Miner's Welfare
October 2011 – JACHs worked in partnership with the Alfreton & District Museum Trust to organise 'Back to the Past – A Heritage of Heritage Days' where fifty heritage groups from both Notts & Derbys joined us in the exhibition arena.
November 2011 – JACHs host a sound recording and editing training day run by the East Midlands Oral History Association.
Heritage Day at Somercotes March 2012
March 2012 – Supporting attendance at Somercotes pilot Heritage Day to help the Somercotes Parish Clerk gather information for his forthcoming publication about the history of the area.
April 2012 – JACHs receive a Best of Ashfield Award to recognise their work in the community.
Best of Ashfield Award 2012
There are many other events we have organised which should not go without mention, such as local heritage walks and talks and several genealogy workshops.
If you would like to get involved with JACHs please see the Support Us or Contact Us sections of this site. No experience necessary and a warm welcome assured.
Article – JACHs Win Award 2012


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text:
Mapou est le nom vernaculaire donné aux Mascareignes à différentes espèces d'arbres :

à l'île Maurice, du genre Pisonia :
Pisonia costata,
Pisonia grandis,

à l'île de la Réunion, du genre Monimia :
Monimia ovalifolia,
Monimia rotundifolia,
Monimia amplexicaulis.

Toponymie
Mapou est le nom d'une localité du nord de l'île Maurice

Flore (nom vernaculaire)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Equal Employment Opportunity, 1965: Hearings, Eighty-ninth Congress, First ...
Por United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. General Subcommittee on Labor
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Pucinski?
The Chair would like to comment that the committee will stay in session without objection until the next bell that occurs.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Roosevelt, I would like to welcome you to our committee. We certainly bring to the EEOC an impressive family tradition of fighting for the oppressed and those who have been discriminated against, and I think that the President could not have a finer choice in this very important agency.
I was very pleased to hear you say that you think we ought to perhaps proceed with some caution on reducing the number down to eight. It would be in my judgment that we ought to adopt it as a national policy, perhaps over a period of 2 years or so, in order to give these States an opportunity to amend their own respective laws. Do I understand you correctly on that point?
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. That is right.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Yesterday we had quite a discussion as to what would be the situation, for instance, in a State like Illinois, which covers employers of 50 or more. Would the Federal Government then assume jurisdiction for all those under 50, and there would be a duplication of activities, and perhaps a duplication of law suits?
I think that your suggestion is a very wise one, and I hope the committee will accept it.
Now the other point that I wanted to discuss with you is the question of age. I don't believe you were here when the previous witness testified, but yesterday, Mr. Fowler, the chairman of the New York Commission, and Mr. Kemp, a member of the Illinois Commission, both indicated that the problem of discrimination because of age, that is, those workers beyond 40, is becoming a very serious problem throughout America.
Mr. Fowler testified that his commission has handled, to date, 649 age complaints. Would you care to comment on whether or not we would be strengthening this bill if, at this time, we did include the question of age?
Mr. Franklin ROOSEVELT. Mr. Pucinski, the Commission has given this considerable thought, We are, at the present time, studying the experience, which is still very limited, of those States which have included age as a basis of discrimination. I would like to also point out that the title VII directed the Secretary of Labor to conduct a study, which he submitted on June 30 to the Congress, and I am sure you have received that report, and, in that, several recommendations have been made that national policy and implementation be established by the Congress.
The report does not go into specific and detailed legislative recommendations. The third point I would like to make is that discrimination due to age is not only a very complicated area, because it may be the result of many different specific situations, but, also, this kind of discrimination is different from the discrimination due to race or creed or color or religion, as these acts of discrimination are really due to prejudice, whereas I think everybody loves older people, and age discrimination, is not an area of prejudice so much as a question of attitude.
So at this point, I am not prepared to recommend that age be included under the jurisdiction of this commission.
It might be handled in quite a different manner for example, the Department of Labor might be given certain jurisdiction in specific cases. So I think that I would prefer to continue to study this, and perhaps come back to the next session of Congress with more detailed recommendations.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Roosevelt, the studies of the Secretary, both the most recent study and previous studies and analyses of the unemployment, chronically unemployed picture in this country, indicates that in the case of the Negro, he experiences his largest percentage of unemployment either at the very young level, under 18, or at the middle age level, beyond 40.
There seems to be less problem with employment in the age between these two extremes. Now what would your Commission do, what attitude would your Commission take, if in the case of the members of minority groups who have traditionally been discriminated against, they experience a continued difficulty in finding employment and an employer makes out a case that he is really not discriminating because of race, religion, or ethnic background, but he merely has a company policy about hiring people beyond 40?
Isn't this, then, indirectly, a very subtle and sophisticated escape clause, and makes this bill so much the weaker in that category of Americans who have suffered a lot of discrimination heretofore because of race, won't they now be discriminated merely because of age, and your Commission is completely helpless to deal with this problem; isn't it?
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. Well, I would like to point out that the two categories, the very young and the over 40, while it is true that unemployment is higher among Negroes in these two categories, this is also generally true of the total employment pattern.
It is true of young whites, of Mexican-Americans, it is true of again older whites and older Mexican-Americans. So this question of higher employment among young people, teenagers, and also older people, is not limited to just the Negro group.
It is generally across the board. Our initial objective will, of course, be to unmask any situation where an employer is discriminating actually because of prejudice against a Negro, for example, but using age as his reason. That, I agree, will be a difficult problem of unmasking and getting at the real cause. But I would like to emphasize that this is an across-the-board problem, and not just limited to one minority group.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Do you know why New York State had to adopt an age provision from 40 to 65 in their fair employment practices commission law ?
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. Why they had to?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Why they had to.
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. Well, New York State did it because of their feeling, the legislature's feeling and that of many of our Governors, that there was actually discrimination due to age.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Thank you.
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. And that is the kind of review that we want to get into in more detail and more depth.
Mr. PUCINSKI. We have had substantial evidence before this committee, both at the time that we held hearings in Chicago and New
York and California, on this subject, before the passage of the 1964 act—and, as late as yesterday—the testimony by Mr. Fowler, was that there is an economic factor involved, and it has been my very strong feeling that you really can't put age into this law, as a bar against discrimination because of age, until you recognize the employer's problem, until you recognize why he discriminates because of
age. And there is evidence before this committee that the high cost of pensions and fringe benefits and all these things have created this problem.
I have introduced a bill which would give employers a tax credit on the difference in cost between hiring a middle-aged worker and a younger
worker capable of doing that job. I feel that that is a companion measure to any effort to put age into this bill.
Now I was interested in the statement made by Mr. Fowler yesterday, and I refer to him only because I believe New York's Commission is the oldest commission, has had the greatest experience, and certainly, has handled a great many cases, and so I respect him for his expertise in this field.
Mr. Fowler admitted yesterday, or at least I should say he said yesterday, that putting age into this bill will hasten the day when the Congress and industry and State legislatures will have to face the economic problems involved, and go about an orderly way of resolving these problems.
Would you share that view?
Mr. FRANKLIN. ROOSEVELT. Well, again, Mr. Pucinski, I am not familiar with your bill.
Mr. PUCINSKI. No, I am not suggesting that you should support my bill. But would you agree that by facing the issue squarely now, and putting age into this act, along with race, religion, national origin, and sex, by closing the last loophole, the loophole of age, we would then compel the legislative bodies of this country, including the Congress and the Ways and Means Committee, to proceed in some orderly way to face up to the economic factors involved in this problem?
Otherwise, there is going to be a case of what comes first, the chicken or the egg. I think that the problem is severe. Mr. Wirtz' report shows it is severe. The Secretary has made his report, acknowledges that the man past 45 today has a tremendously difficult task in getting a job, and therefore, it would seem to me that the place to start is here.
Let us close the gate, and then let industry and Congress and everyone else proceed to bring industry the necessary relief over these additional costs involved.
Now, is there any merit to that statement ?
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. Well, as I understand your proposal, you are saying "Let's start with part of the problem" and you think that by starting there, you will force recognition of the total problem. I would basically feel that the Congress would be wiser if it were to face the entire problem and this would eliminate the dislocations which would result from dividing it into two or three steps.
And I recognize that, of course, this does involve State legislatures, too, but I think the Federal Government has the greater area of facilitation. I think through, for example as you suggested in your bill-through some tax relief, some form of tax relief, and I would think that it would be wiser to attack the entire problem rather than in-t do it piecemeal.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, one more question.
Mr. BELL. Mr. Chairman, I regret very much to have to do this, but the House is in session, and they are having some very important matters come up, and
Mr. PUCINSKI. Would my colleague yield for a very quick question? Mr. BELL. Raise the point of order.
Mr. Pu SKI. As you know, we have 1 hour left of general debate. It won't be necessary to make your point of order.
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Gentlemen, I will state for the information of the members that there is a matter of great importance on the floor at this moment.
Mr. BELL. Perhaps the Chairman of the Commission can come back at another time, when we can hear more about it. I don't want to miss what he is saying, either. Maybe if you could make a very quick question.
Mr. PUCINSKI. One quick question, Mr. Chairman, a question that has never been answered and I have not seen a word in the record.
How are you going to deal with this problem of national origin? What criteria are you going to use to ascertain or establish discrimination because of national origin?
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Will the gentleman allow him to answer the question because we have got to adjourn?
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. So far, Mr. Chairman, we have not had any complaint based on national origin, and, therefore, we have no experience. It seems to me that where an allegation is made by a complainant that he was discriminated against because he was of Hungarian or Polish or other ancestry, we would set the criteria at that point.
Mr. ROOSEVELT. The committee will meet tomorrow morning immediately following the meeting of the full committee, to mark up the Fair Labor Standards Act bill.
Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you and your colleagues very much for your cooperation. I might add that I wish you would have your staff look into section 203, which is the anti-intimidation section, and applies only to that section of the act, and see whether it would be useful to put it into section 7 also—I mean, of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Mr. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. Our General Counsel and his staff will be glad to cooperate in any way with the committee.
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Thank you very much, and we look forward to cooperation with you and your staff, and we appreciate very much your being here today.
The committee will stand adjourned until the call of the Chair, immediately following the full committee meeting tomorrow.
(The following letter from Congressman Vivian was submitted for the record :)
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., August 25, 1965. Hon. JAMES ROOSEVELT, Chairman, General Subcommittee on Labor. Committee on Education and Labor,
House of Representatives, Washington D.C. MY DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN : Since I have cosponsored your bill, H.R. 9222, the equal employment opportunity bill, I would appreciate it if you would include this letter in the record of the hearings on this measure, as an expression of my support.
I am certain that by far the vast majority of responsible union and business leadership would not practice, and would deplore, discrimination in labor and business apprenticeship, and other training programs. However, there is, unfortunately a small, but vocal entrenched minority in both which has historically sanctioned and practiced racial and religious discrimination in job training programs. That this minority has been effective is amply demonstrated by testimony from both Government and labor leaders to the effect that only 2 percent of those enrolled in apprentice programs are Negroes. Negro workers make up far more than 2 percent of our total work force, and I believe, the time is long since past for the enactment of legislation to assure their equal access to industrial and craft training, and other apprentice, programs throughout the Nation.
The provisions of this bill will, if enacted into law, give the Fair Employment Practices Commission the powers which it needs, and does not now have, to curb discriminatory practices in apprentice programs in both labor and industry.
I would hope, Mr. Chairman, that this measure receives favorable consideration by your subcommittee, by the House Committee on Education and Labor, and that we will have an opportunity during this session of the Congress to act upon this bill on the floor of the House of Representatives. Sincerely,
WESTON E. VIVIAN,
Member of Congress.
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF TITLE
VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964? is far and away the most comprehensive piece of legislation on this subject ever enacted by Congress. Its 11 titles affect every American and touch virtually every field of human activity, including voting (title I), the sale of goods and services (title II), the use of publicly owned or operated facilities (title III), public education (title IV), and employment (title VII). Although concerned with discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin in one or more of these contexts, the act is, in truth, the key to "many doors long closed to Negroes."'? As described by Senator Humphrey, principal floor leader on the measure:
"The goals of this bill are simple ones: To extend to Negro citizens the same opportunities that white Americans take for granted." 3
Without minimizing its political and social impact—which appears tremendous-it seems safe to say that the main thrust of the act is in the economic realm, particularly as it relates to jobs and workers. It is widely contended that discrimination in employment is the most pervasive and pernicious practice affecting minorities, above all Negroes, in contemporary American life. In his civil rights message to Congress, President Kennedy referred to the harmful effects of this form of discrimination in the following terms:
"Unemployment falls with special cruelty on minority groups. The unemployment rate of Negro workers is more than twice as high as that of the working force as a whole. In many of our larger cities, both North and South, the number of jobless Negro youth-often 20 percent or more-creates an atmosphere of frustration, resentment, and unrest which does not bode well for the future. Delinquency, vandalism. gang warfare, disease, slums, and the high cost of public welfare and crime are all directly related to unemployment among whites and Negroes alike--and recent labor difficulties in Philadelphia may well be only the beginning if more jobs are not found in the larger northern cities in particular.
"Employment opportunities, moreover, play a major role in determining whether the rights described above (voting, public accommodations, etc.), are meaning. ful. There is little value in a Negro's obtaining the right to be admitted to hotels and restaurants if he has no cash in his pocket and no job." •
1 Public Law 88-352. 78 Stat. 241 ; 42 U.S.C. Parallel citations to United States Code will he footnoted throughout :H. Doc No. 124, 65th Cong., 1st sess., at p. 2. • 110 Congressional Record, p. 6332 (dalls edition, Mar. 30. 1964). • H. Doc. 124, supra, note 2, at p. 7.


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Specification Compliance Technologist (Food, Quality) BLUS85623
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Measured across a wide sample of food, restaurant and leisure prices, in addition to property rental and purchase costs, the cost of living in Cardiff is slightly lower than in Birmingham, Bristol and Manchester, according to MoneySuperMarket. In contrast, fresh groceries may be more costly. Nonetheless, overall local purchasing power compared to salaries is between 2 and 3 percent higher than in the West Midlands. In Cardiff, jobs in traditional industries such as coal mining and steel manufacturing have largely given way to science, technology and service industries.
Cardiff Job Opportunities
The 10th largest city in Britain and home to the Welsh assembly, some of the main employment opportunities in Cardiff are for:
Administrative roles
Skilled trades.
As well as finance jobs in Cardiff, the capital is a base for the Welsh media. There are opportunities at BBC Wales, ITV Wales and S4C main TV and radio studios; employment in the media sector has grown over recent years to provide employment for around 2.1 percent of the workforce, according to the Office for National Statistics.
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Australian Family Lawyer
THE CHILD'S INTERESTS IN FAMILY PROPERTY PROCEEDINGS A "FAIR" GO FOR AUSSIE NIPPERS
David Truex Page
Should the best interests of the child be considered by the court when exercising property adjustment powers under s79 of the Family Law Act 1975 (FLA)? They are in England & Wales: there, section 25(1) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (MCA) says that the court, in determining financial provision and property adjustment in connection with divorce proceedings, has
… a duty … to have regard to all the circumstances of the case, first consideration being given to the welfare while a minor of any child of the family who has not attained the age of eighteen.
But when the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) asked, at paragraph 152 of its Review of the Family Law System (Issues Paper 48, March 2018) whether
suggestions that the requirement to regard the best interests of the child as the paramount consideration should also apply to adjustment of property
the Law Council of Australia (LCA), in its response dated 7 May 2018, said at paragraph 228
The LCA considers that such suggestion fundamentally misunderstands the rights being determined in property proceedings and would inappropriately displace those rights in favour of a third party, in the event that there were children of the relationship.
This article reviews the contrasting legislative framework and case law in England & Wales and in Australia and argues (contrary to the position taken by the LCA) that the government should, in accordance with the ALRC's suggestion, amend FLA Part VIII (Property, Spousal Maintenance and Maintenance Agreements) to require that the interests and wishes of children and young people must be taken into account in s79 property adjustment proceedings between their parents. Similar amendments should be made to Part VIIIAB (De facto Relationships) and perhaps Part VIIIA (Financial Agreements).
It's July 1999. The millennium bug threatens doomsday in six months. But the boffins at the Family Law Council (FLC) have more important matters to worry about. In their Submission responding to the Attorney-General's Department (Cth) Discussion Paper Property and Family Law: Options for Change, they contemplated in Chapter 3 what are the
Characteristics of a good law
and suggested in Principle 2 that
The law should conform with values accepted in the community
In accordance with the good law characteristic of conforming with values accepted in the community they recommended
Priority to the welfare of dependant children
3.18 – Property adjustment should take account of the best interests of dependant children. This might imply a principle that orders for property adjustment should, so far as possible, be framed to minimise the disruptive impact of parental separation on children, for example, by seeking to avoid an immediate sale of the family home.
3.19 – In England and Wales, the court is required to give 'first consideration' to the welfare of dependent children under legislative guidelines for the making of property orders (see Chapter 5).
In Chapter 5 of their Submission, the FLC experts expanded their comment on the English law:
Where there are children, a high priority is given to preserving the matrimonial home for the primary carer and the children, at least until the children reach 18. Various forms of order have been devised to achieve this. Australian Law Reform Commission Issues Paper 48, March 2018: Review of the Family Law System.
Law Council of Australia, 7 May 2018.
Early support for a change in the Australian law
Professor Dr Patrick Parkinson (having survived the millennium bug) urged the government to follow the FLC's 1999 recommendation, first in a paper presented at the Family Law Section's Sydney family law conference in July 2000 and then in the Summer 2000 issue of Australian Family Lawyer. Where, in an article entitled Unfinished Business: Reforming the Law of Property Division, he wrote that the court should, in matrimonial property adjustment proceedings
ensure that the housing needs of any children of the marriage are adequately met (which should be the first and paramount consideration)
When the government finally got around to amending the FLA six years later, in 2005, these recommendations by the FLC and Professor Parkinson were ignored.
The law in England & Wales
The cases footnoted to the FLC's summary of English law were two Court of Appeal decisions:
Mesher v Mesher and Hall (decided 12.02.1973). Court of Appeal set aside the trial judge's order for an outright transfer of jointly owned former family home to the wife and substituted an order that the property be occupied by the about to be re-married wife, her new husband and the (then) 8-year-old child of the former marriage until the child reached "a specified age" (17?), then sale and equal division of net proceeds.
Martin v Martin (decided 10.03.1977). Court of Appeal upheld the trial judge's decision, in a childless marriage, to allow the wife to remain in the jointly owned former family home for life, her remarriage or her vacating the home, on the basis of a trust for sale in equal shares. Of interest is this comment by Stamp LJ:
It is of primary concern in these cases that on the breakdown of the marriage the parties should, if possible, each have a roof over his or her head. That is perhaps the most important circumstance to be taken into account in applying section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 when the only available asset is the matrimonial home. It is important that each party should have a roof over his or her head whether or not there be children of the marriage.[iii]
See also Clutton v Clutton (1990)[iv], in which the Court of Appeal approved Martin. In the process of analysing the case their Lordships provide an erudite summary of the differences between a Mesher Order and a Martin Order and when each, or neither, may be appropriate. The appeal court was no doubt assisted by the persuasive arguments of a young Nicholas Mostyn of Counsel, later to become famous as a speaker at Australian family law conferences (and, incidentally, as a High Court judge).
In Mansfield v Mansfield (2011)[v], the Court of Appeal followed Mesher in circumstances where the husband had bought the former family home before marriage with money awarded in a personal injuries case. The trial judge's order for him to pay the wife a lump sum sufficient to allow her to re-house herself and the (then) 4-y-o twins, in default sale to raise the lump sum, was, on the husband's appeal, set aside. Per Thorpe LJ:
The need to give special reflection to the origin of the family capital … can be properly reflected in converting the order below into a Mesher order.
I would quantify the extent of the husband's reversionary interest, or residual interest, at one third of the capital awarded to the wife … the property to be acquired by the wife in an assumed purchase … will be charged as to one third of its equity in favour of the husband, that charge to be redeemed when the twins achieve maturity.
Inspired by the Court of Appeal's guidance in Mesher and Martin, the principle of the primacy of the child's welfare in financial proceedings was introduced into English statute law as s25(1) MCA as cited above, an amendment made by s3 of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984.
Section 25 MCA provides a list of other (but secondary) matters which the court shall 'in particular have regard to'. They include the parties' financial resources, needs, standard of living, age, health, duration of marriage and contributions to the welfare of the family. Case law says that, while the child's interests are to be given first consideration pursuant to s25(1), the order in which the secondary matters are listed in s25(2) does not reflect a hierarchy: their significance will depend entirely on the facts of the case.
The factor or factors which are 'magnetic' amongst the s25 considerations are commonly identified at the outset by family lawyers and judges in a particular case. In cases of limited resources, the needs of the economically weaker spouse and the children will dominate. Contributions will dominate only in cases where the assets are sufficient to permit application of the sharing principle. This principle was developed in appellate case law from the considerations of length of marriage and contributions to the welfare of the family in set out in s25(2): see White v White (2000)[vi]. The court's goal is to achieve a "fair" outcome.[vii]
Section 25A MCA, also introduced by the 1984 Act, imposes a duty on the court to "consider" a clean break. Although this provision appears similar to s81 of the FLA (see below), in practice a clean break is imposed less frequently in England & Wales than in Australia, especially where there are minor children.
In March 2018 the ALRC's Issues Paper 48 subtly reminded the government that it had ignored the recommendations made almost two decades earlier by footnoting the FLC's 1999 Submission as the source of the "suggestion" that the child's best interests should apply as a paramount consideration in property adjustment proceedings. As quoted above, in May 2018 the LCA dismissed this revived attempt at introducing what the FLC considered would be a "good law" which would "conform with values accepted in the community". Why? Because such a law would "inappropriately displace [parents'] rights in favour of a third party, in the event that there were children of the relationship".
The LCA, through its Family Law Section, has an influential voice in helping government design prudent policies and legislation in the field of family law. Its opposition to a change in the law may have been the reason that, when the ALRC published its Discussion Paper 86 in October 2018, the "paramount interests" suggestion at paragraph 152 of its March Issues Paper 48 was quietly dropped. The LCA response to the Discussion Paper, submitted on 16 November, was content to remain silent on the point.
Another lobbying success for the LCA? It appears so. But maybe the Family Law Section should ask the LCA to think again. After all, those inconvenient "third parties" may one day be the only source of emotional and financial support for parents who thought their children's housing needs "inappropriate" for consideration at the time of the divorce.
The Australian law contrasted – judicial ingenuity required
While English judges can rely on MCA s25(1) to protect the welfare of children in family property adjustment proceedings, their Australian sisters and brothers are constrained by the FLA to focus on other criteria.
FLA s79(2) says the court shall not to make an order for the alteration of property interests unless it would be "just and equitable" to do so. The criteria by which this concept is measured are orientated towards "contributions" made before marriage breakdown: ss79(4)(a), (b) and (c). "Needs" considerations are flagged by ss79(4)(e) and 75(2) which, according to the headings of ss 74 and 75, relate only to spousal maintenance. There is a passing reference way down at s75(2)(d)(ii) to the parties' commitments to the support of a child. But one would need to stretch the principles of statutory interpretation to conclude that the Australian legislation protects the welfare of the child to the same extent as in England & Wales.
The language of Part VIII of the FLA directs the focus in property adjustment proceedings only to the contributions of the parties and their needs. The needs of children appear, on the face of the legislation, to be relevant only incidentally, as a component of spousal maintenance.
Section 81 says that the court "…shall, as far as practicable, make such orders as will finally determine the financial relationships between the parties …". The language is clearly more directive than in the similar English s25A MCA (see above) and, consequently, clean breaks are the norm in Australia, perhaps sometimes even when this affects minor children adversely.
In practice, Australian judges can, and do, take the welfare of children into account in s79 property adjustment proceedings. An example is the case of Causey & Causey (2018) (discussed below). But they are not helped by the way the Part VIII is drafted. If it is hard for judges to explain how children are considered in the context of ss79 and 75(2), how hard must it be for the increasing number of unrepresented litigants to understand what the FLA requires of them? The statute should be clearer about the extent to which children's interests are considered in s79 proceedings.
There a few reported Australian cases with which to contrast the English approach, but the principles to be applied can be gleaned from the three summarised below.
In Stanford v Stanford (2012), the High Court of Australia dismissed the deceased wife's s79 claim for alteration of property interests, with costs. The husband had provided for her needs during her lifetime. She had died before the Full Family Court delivered judgment. Therefore, the property adjustment order made by the magistrate at first instance was not "just and equitable" at the time the Full Family Court judgment was handed down. The s79 property adjustment claim continued by the legal personal representative of the deceased wife's estate was dismissed. The High Court said that, in considering a s79 application, the court must consider the following:
[37] First, it is necessary to begin consideration of whether it is just and equitable to make a property settlement order by identifying, according to ordinary common law and equitable principles, the existing legal and equitable interests of the parties in the property.
[38] Second, although s79 confers a broad power on a court exercising jurisdiction under the Act to make a property settlement order, it is not a power that is to be exercised according to an unguided judicial discretion.
[40] Third, whether making a property settlement order is "just and equitable" is not to be answered by beginning from the assumption that one or other party has the right to have the property of the parties divided between them or has the right to an interest in marital property which is fixed by reference to the various matters (including financial and other contributions) set out ins 79(4).
In Zagoreos & Zagoreos (2018)[v], Forrest J dismissed the husband's interim application, which sought to dismiss the wife's financial application: The husband failed in his argument that it was not just and equitable for any property adjustment order to be made. His Honour commented that
… it has to be acknowledged that the High Court's decision in Stanford has raised many questions about the way in which property adjustment proceedings in this Court are determined and that not all of those questions have necessarily been definitively answered at this point in time.
In Causey (supra), Murphy J allowed an appeal so as to give the wife with four children, the youngest of whom had special needs associated with intellectual impairment, an outright transfer of the husband's interest in the former family home without a cash compensation payment, thus increasing her share of the asset pool from the 70% awarded by the trial judge to 78%. His Honour strove to justify the result with reference primarily to the parties' respective contributions. Section 75(2) considerations took up just two short paragraphs of the ex tempore appeal judgment:
The "adjustment" for the factors taken into account pursuant to s 75(2) by reason of s79(4)(e) being assessed at 10 per cent, has a dollar value of about $26,600. It is, of course, important for an assessment of those factors to have regard to the true dollar value of any adjustment for them.
That adjustment and amount fails, in my view, to take account of the cost and arduous nature of the ongoing care of the parties' child which will continue long into the future. That care impedes the wife from obtaining full-time work. That in turn impedes the wife from earning her way out of the financial difficulties inherent in the breakdown of this relationship.
Clearly this was the right result. But if the court had been guided by a "best interests of the child" principle applicable to property adjustment proceedings, and not confined by s75(2) to the indirect effect of child care on the wife's own spousal maintenance needs, the judge's task would have been made easier. Judges, the parties they serve and the lawyers advising the parties should not have to employ the jurisprudential ingenuity of a Murphy J to reach a just and fair result. The statute should help them understand what, in the words of the 1999 FLC's Submission to the Attorney-General, constitutes "a good law … [which conforms] with values accepted in the community".
The answer – children first!
Should Australian children be considered mere "third parties" when their divorcing parents argue over the family treasure, as suggested by the LCA? At such a scary time, with the security of their family home, their school and friendship networks threatened with disruption, shouldn't the physical, financial and emotional welfare of the children be at the forefront of parental thoughts, as mandated in the English legislation?
If parents are too selfish to consider the welfare of their children in property adjustment proceedings, a civil society should intervene with laws to protect them. Children who are exposed to the risks of economic deprivation and homelessness, brought about by their parents' inability to see what is best for their own offspring, need help. And parents need clearer statutory guidance about their obligations to ensure the financial and housing security of their children.
It is not too late for the LCA to reconsider the position set out in its May 2018 response to ALRC Issues Paper 48. The ALRC is due to report to government with recommendations about family law reform in March 2019.
If the LCA and the ALRC were to recommend that legislation be introduced mandating that "first" or "paramount" consideration be given to the interests of children when parents seek s79 property adjustment orders, judges would have greater flexibility, in appropriate cases, to make orders protecting their housing and other needs when parents are disinclined to do so. They would not have to fall back on "contribution" assessments to get to a fair result, as Murphy J, was able to conjure in the fact scenario which arose in the Causey appeal. If the law had expressly required that the interests of the four children must be considered, it is likely that the trial judge in that case would have found a path to the right result, thus avoiding the necessity for an appeal to ensure that justice was done.
A transfer of interest in the family home to the principal carer of the child may not be an option that would be exercised in many cases, but in some (for example, where a child has special needs, as in Causey) it may be crucial. Such a transfer, if required to guarantee the security of the child, should not be dependent on ingenious computations of the parents' respective "contributions" and the effect of child care on spousal maintenance needs.
It seems incongruous that children living in England & Wales have an express statutory regime that protects their welfare generally, and in particular (through case law) their security of housing, while their Australian cousins are treated as mere "third parties", without any right to be considered in the property adjustment litigation between their parents.
Australians pride themselves on giving everyone "a fair go", especially the disempowered, the disenfranchised and the dispossessed. The children of divorce suffer all these disadvantages. It is only fair that they be given special protection.
In November 2017 Federal Circuit Court Registrar Christopher Turnbull published his Ph.D. dissertation, in which he urged legislative amendments to take account of children's interests in property adjustment proceedings. In his Submission to the ALRC on 20 August 2018 he recommended that, in proceedings for alteration of property interests
The financial interests of dependent children [should] have priority, irrespective of any child support paid or payable, having regard to children's role as future economic and social members of society.
For two decades experts – including the FLC, Prof Parkinson, and now Dr Turnbull have been asking the government to amend section 79 to give better protection to the welfare of children, especially in relation to their housing needs when their parents divorce.
It is time for the LCA, and the government, to listen to the experts.
For children, there's no place like home.
The Family Law Section News of 14 August 2018 reported that a team from Melbourne Law School, Flinders University and ANU is seeking participants for a qualitative research project on "The meaning of home for children and young people after parental separation".
The researchers seek the assistance of family lawyers with recruiting participants for their study, which involves talking with parents and children/young people about what home means to them. The aim of the project is to encourage and make it easier for parents and family law professionals (including courts, lawyers, and mediators) to think from a child's or young person's perspective when living arrangements are decided post-parental separation.'.