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The Citizens United Decision: Speech is Speech Regardless of the Speaker
Yesterday's Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC essentially stands for the proposition that free speech is free speech regardless of the speaker. The 5-4 majority for the Court ruled that "We find no basis for the proposition that, in the context of political speech, the Government may impose restrictions on certain disfavored speakers. Both history and logic lead us to this conclusion." (at 25) Echoing its early decision in Bellotti, the Court noted that "Political speech is 'indispensable to decisionmaking in a democracy, and this is no less true because the speech comes from a corporation rather than an individual.'" (at 33) "All speakers, including individuals and the media, use money amassed from the economic marketplace to fund their speech. The First Amendment protects the resulting speech, even if it was enabled by economic transactions with persons or entities who disagree with the speaker's ideas." (at 35) "There is simply no support for the view that the First Amendment, as originally understood, would permit the suppression of political speech by media corporations." (at 37)
Somehow this has proven controversial, even radical, to some. But, as George Will correctly notes, "This was radical only because after nearly four decades of such 'reform' the First Amendment has come to seem radical. Which, indeed, it is. The Supreme Court on Thursday restored First Amendment protection to the core speech that it was designed to protect -- political speech." Essentially, the decision gets Congress out of the game of picking who, or what platform, deserves full First Amendment protection when it comes to uttering political speech. And there's nothing radical about that.
Indeed, as Justice Kennedy noted for the majority, there is nothing surprising about this reasoning once you realize that almost every other type legislative or regulatory speech restriction has been struck down as a violation of the First Amendment. "The law before us is an outright ban [on political speech], backed by criminal sanctions," Kennedy noted (at 20). "If the First Amendment has any force, it prohibits Congress from fining or jailing citizens, or associations of citizens, for simply engaging in political speech." (at 33) Think about this for a second: Criminal sanctions or jail time for political speech! How in the world did we get to the point in this nation where criminalizing political speech became acceptable to our legislators? Ignoring the obvious answer--it's all about protecting incumbents--what is really "radical" here is not that the Supreme Court setting us back on the right path, but that our legislative branch has veered so far off of it.
Continue reading The Citizens United Decision: Speech is Speech Regardless of the Speaker . . .
posted by Adam Thierer @ 6:56 PM | Campaign Finance Law, Free Speech
Link to this Entry | Printer-Friendly | Email a Comment |Post a Comment (3)
"A Manifesto for Media Freedom" -- my new book with Brian Anderson
I'm pleased to announce the publication of A Manifesto for Media Freedom, which I co-authored with Brian C. Anderson of the Manhattan Institute. Brian serves as editor of Manhattan Institute's excellent City Journal and he is the author of best-selling books like South Park Conservatives and Democratic Capitalism and Its Discontents. In this little manifesto, we highlight one of the central ironies of the Information Age. Namely, that despite "the breathtaking abundance of new and old media outlets for obtaining news, information, and entertainment..."
many people hate this profusion, and never more than when it involves political speech. The current media market, they charge, doesn't represent true diversity, or isn't fair, or is subject to manipulation by a small and shrinking group of media barons. They want the government to regulate it into better shape, which just happens to be a shape that benefits them. Doing so... would be a disaster, a kind of soft or not-so-soft tyranny that would wipe out whole sectors of media, curtailing free speech and impoverishing our democracy.
In other words, instead of celebrating the unprecedented cornucopia of media choices at our collective disposal, many policymakers and media critics are calling for just as much media regulation as ever. We itemize these threats in our chapters and they include: efforts to revive the "Fairness Doctrine", media ownership regulations, "localism" requirements, Net neutrality mandates, a la carte regulations, cable and satellite censorship, video game censorship, regulation of social networking sites, campaign finance-related speech restrictions, and so on. In each case, we advance a pro-freedom paradigm to counter the advocates of media control. What do we mean by the "media freedom" that we advocate as the alternative to these new regulatory crusades? Here's how we put it in the book:
Continue reading "A Manifesto for Media Freedom" -- my new book with Brian Anderson . . .
posted by Adam Thierer @ 11:26 AM | Books & Book Reviews, Campaign Finance Law, Free Speech, Mass Media
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Tim Wu on Obama, McCain, and "a Chicken in Every Pot"
Writing at Slate, Tim Wu tries to make Obama out to be the real Big Government candidate on media policy, who will deliver "if not a chicken in every pot, a fiber-optic cable in every home." By contrast, Wu implies that McCain is just another pro-big business lackey who doesn't understand "that the media and information industries are special--that like the transportation, energy, or financial industries, they are deeply entwined with the public interest." Wu goes on to say:
Ultimately, most of the difference in Obama's and McCain's media policies boils down to questions about whether the media is special and a dispute over how much to trust the private sector. Camp McCain would tend to leave the private sector alone, with faith that it will deliver to most Americans what they want and deserve. The Obama camp would probably administer a more frequent kick in the pants, in the belief that good behavior just isn't always natural.
First, as a factual matter, Wu is just wrong about McCain being some sort of a radical hands-off, pro-market liberalizer on media policy issues. Oh, if only that were true! But for those of us who have been in DC covering telecom and media policy for many years, it is widely understood there is no nailing down John McCain on any tech, telecom or media policy issue. He's been all over the board. While he has sponsored or supported some deregulatory initiatives on the telecom front in the past, he's also been a supporter of other regulatory causes. His battles with broadcasters and cable, for example, are well-known. Most recently, McCain has been leading the effort to impose a la carte mandates on cable and satellite operators.
Continue reading Tim Wu on Obama, McCain, and "a Chicken in Every Pot" . . .
posted by Adam Thierer @ 3:20 PM | Broadband, Cable, Campaign Finance Law, Commons, Communications, Mass Media, Net Neutrality, The FCC
Google's political advertising guidelines
Last week on the Google Public Policy Blog, Peter Greenberger of Google's Elections and Issue Advocacy Team posted Google's new guidelines for political advertising on the site. Most of the guidelines seem fairly straightforward and sensible to me since they relate to general principles of fairness and transparency. But sandwiched in between those principles is the following guideline:
No attacks on an individual's personal life. Stating disagreement with or campaigning against a candidate for public office, a political party, or public administration is generally permissible. However, political ads must not include accusations or attacks relating to an individual's personal life, nor can they advocate against a protected group. So, "Crime rates are up under Police Commissioner Gordon" is okay, but "Police Commissioner Gordon had an affair" is not.
I understand what Google is trying to do here in terms of making the Net a more civil place to engage in deliberative democracy without all the mud-slinging and name-calling. In one sense, I applaud them for that. On the other hand, the world is not a perfect place and candidates are not perfect people. And, candidates for office are not just like any other citizen in our society. They are people who will be given power over other people. Power over our lives, our liberties and fate of the nation.
Continue reading Google's political advertising guidelines . . .
posted by Adam Thierer @ 10:25 AM | Campaign Finance Law, Free Speech
Campaign Finance Laws & YouTube (cont.)
A few weeks ago I was discussing "Campaign Finance Laws in the You Tube Age" and was wondering aloud whether current campaign finance regulations were sustainable in an age of user-generated content and viral videos. The Washington Post ponders that same question today in highlighting the impact of clever mock campaign ad mash-ups like this one about "Big Sister" Hillary Clinton, which already has roughly 1.5 million hits:
The Post story notes that "this ad's reach really blows up any notion that candidates and mainstream media outlets can control the campaign dialogue. Especially online." That's exactly right, but they don't go on to ask the next logical question about how Congress and the FEC are going to deal with the growing flood of online campaign ads and commentary during coming election cycles. Remember, stuff like this can be regulated when aired on traditional television and radio outlets in the days leading up to an election. I just don't see how current campaign finance regs and the Internet can co-exist in the long run. There's just no way regulators are going to be able to keep pace with all the activity out there.
posted by Adam Thierer @ 9:22 AM | Campaign Finance Law, Free Speech
Campaign Finance Laws in the YouTube Age
Last week I was a guest on a Seattle radio station (KVI 570) program hosted by conservative talk show host Kirby Wilbur. He invited me on to talk about various First Amendment issues including efforts to regulate video games. Like many radio hosts I've dealt with in the past, he was very sympathetic to my free speech leanings. But Kirby Wilbur has another good reason to love the First Amendment: It's the only thing he has to rely on in his fight against our nation's absolutely absurd campaign finance laws.
Here's Kirby's story. Back in 2005, Mr. Wilbur and his KVI colleague John Carlson had the audacity to speak their minds about a ballot initiative pending in their home state of Washington. The ballot initiative was an effort to repeal the state's recent gas tax increase. Proponents of the tax (mostly municipal government officials) were none too happy to hear people speaking their minds about the issue on a talk radio show. So, they decided to file a lawsuit demanding that the grassroots "No New Gas Tax" organization that had mobilized to fight the tax actually disclose the value of the hosts' radio advocacy as an "in-kind campaign contribution"! And, amazingly, they got a judge to agree with them!!
Continue reading Campaign Finance Laws in the YouTube Age . . .
Is This Where America's Campaign Finance Laws Are Heading?
As I've written before, America's increasingly heavy-handed, anti-free speech campaign finance laws threaten to eventually ensnare the entire Internet and our new innovative, bottom-up world of organic "we-dia" (WE-MEDIA). Blogs are already in their crosshairs and lawmakers will be targeting other technologies of freedom in coming years.
Want to know where we might be headed? Look at Singapore. They've got a long history of stifling political speech and now their drawing up a blueprint to quash dissent via alternative digital outlets.
Lee Boon Yang, Minister for Communications, Information and the Arts (and you thought the FCC was bad!) recently said that "Anyone, anywhere can blog anything, anyhow. We have adopted a light touch approach in dealing with the everyday use of the Internet." Well, that sounds encouraging, but then... "However, during the election period when such free-for-all may result in undesirable situations, we cannot take a completely hands-off approach," he said. "We will review our policies on the Internet and new media during the election period bearing in mind the changes taking place."
According to this AFP story, Singapore has already been criticized by human rights groups and opposition parties for placing restrictions on political discussions on the Internet. The rules apparently already ban the use of use of podcasts and videocasts for advertising during elections.
Whether or not this all works remains to be seen. It's one thing to regulate the signals being beamed out from a big broadcast tower. (After all, it's pretty easy to find those towers and their programmers). Internet "broadcasters" are another matter, however, and enforcement will become a nightmare for the regulators as more and more people get online.
But that doesn't mean the regulators won't give it their best shot. And while lawmakers here in the States have given blogs and the Internet a reprieve for now, you'd be fooling yourself to believe that that's the end of the story. Regulation expands. Always and everywhere.
RE: Online Speech
Last night a majority of the House did vote for the online speech legislation, however when a bill is considered on the suspension calendar it requires a two-thirds vote. Alas, it failed to achieve a supermajority. The story is here.
I'm always amazed when politicians are willing to take a public stand that assures less information, less involvement and fewer resources devoted to politics. I shouldn't be. Randy rightly notes below their interest is creating barriers to entry in the political marketplace. Fortunately, the bill's supporters vow to bring it back before rules are drafted at the FEC to clamp down on Internet-based political speech.
posted by @ 11:24 AM | Campaign Finance Law
Blogging & Campaign Finance Law: A Simple (Probably Too Simple!) Solution
I want to say a few words about this debate over the application of campaign finance regulations to the Internet and Web blogs in particular, but let me just start by admitting that I'm not an expert on campaign finance law. In fact, I am utterly mystified by this entire body of law, not only in terms of its sheer complexity, but also in terms of what it sometimes hopes to accomplish.
I understand that (at least in theory) the laws are suppose to eliminate "corruption" from our political process. But is it just me or is it not that case that campaign finance laws continue to get more complicated while the political process remains just about as "corrupt" as it has always been?
Well, maybe I'm just a cynic about the political process in general. So, let me instead just focus on all this from the perspective of a guy who cares about new media. The current batch of campaign finance regulations is really geared toward broadcasting and broadcast television in particular. But, as of late, the folks down at the Federal Election Commission (FEC) have discovered this thing called the Internet and this new craze called blogging just might have a little impact on the future of media in this country and, therefore, by extension, our political process.
Continue reading Blogging & Campaign Finance Law: A Simple (Probably Too Simple!) Solution . . .
posted by Adam Thierer @ 8:46 AM | Campaign Finance Law, Mass Media
- The Citizens United Decision: Speech is Speech Regardless of the Speaker
- "A Manifesto for Media Freedom" -- my new book with Brian Anderson
- Tim Wu on Obama, McCain, and "a Chicken in Every Pot"
- Google's political advertising guidelines
- Campaign Finance Laws & YouTube (cont.)
- Campaign Finance Laws in the YouTube Age
- Is This Where America's Campaign Finance Laws Are Heading?
- RE: Online Speech
- Blogging & Campaign Finance Law: A Simple (Probably Too Simple!) Solution
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In this paper, we examine the evolution of the impact of non-elite journals. We attempt to answer two questions. First, what fraction of the top-cited articles are published in non-elite journals and how has this changed over time. Second, what fraction of the total citations are to non-elite journals and how has this changed over time.
To answer these questions, we studied citations to articles published in 1995-2013. We computed the 10 most-cited journals and the 1000 most-cited articles each year for all the 261 subject categories included in Scholar Metrics. We considered the 10 most-cited journals in a category as the elite journals for the category and all other journals in the category as non-elite.
There are two main conclusions from our study. First, the fraction of highly-cited articles published in non-elite journals increased steadily over 1995-2013. While the elite journals still publish a substantial fraction of high-impact articles, many more authors of well-regarded papers in a diverse array of research fields are choosing other venues.
Our analysis indicates that the number of top-1000 papers published in non-elite journals for the representative subject category went from 149 in 1995 to 245 in 2013, a growth of 64%. Looking at broad research areas, 4 out of 9 broad areas saw at least one-third of the top-cited articles published in non-elite journals in 2013. All broad areas of research saw a growth in the fraction of top-cited articles published in non-elite journals over 1995-2013. For 6 out of 9 broad areas, the fraction of top-cited papers published in non-elite journals for the representative subject category grew by 45% or more.
Second, now that finding and reading relevant articles in non-elite journals is about as easy as finding and reading articles in elite journals, researchers are increasingly building on and citing work published everywhere. Considering citations to all articles, the percentage of citations to articles in non-elite journals went from 27% of all citations in 1995 to 47% in 2013. Six out of nine broad areas had at least 50% of total citations going to articles published in non-elite journals in 2013.
Caselaw is Set Free, What Next?


Zhimin is a multi-discipline storyteller who at the core of her art combines elements from fiction, experiental film and documentary filmaking genres in her artictic creations.
Her films have been presented in many international and Canadian film festivals, including the Cannes Film Festival Short Film Corner, Fantasia Film Festival, Vancouver Asian Film Festival, Victoria Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival, and the CBC FaceOff Short Film Competition, amongst others. One of her films, "A Cold Summer Night" was selected by BAnQ (Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec) in partnership with the NFB (National Film Board of Canada) for circulation as part of their permanent film collection.
ZhiMin's professional experience includes work on countless television commercials, reality TV productions, comedy productions and television documentaries.
Besides directing and editing, Zhi-Min is a professional photographer specializing in studio protrait photography as well as location photography. She has also beeen a film critic for a Chinese language weekly newspaper, a TV host and researcher for the TV show Sino-Montreal on CJNT, and a jury member for the 2012 Amérasia Film Festival.


text:
George Devault Deed Revealed Much About the Area's History
In March 1987, Tom Hodge greeted George Devault to his office to view a priceless deed. The Devault Bridge and the Norton Arney Farm had been front and center in the news that year. The bridge was being widened with two additional lanes to accommodate the new four-lane Bristol-to-Johnson City highway. Furthermore, the Arney Farm had been acquired by the city with plans for it to be made into a park.
Boones Creek Open House in 1948 Attracted 600 Upstaters
The historic Boones Creek community was the site of the famed old Boone tree that for more than 150 years carried the inscription carved by Daniel Boone with his hunting knife: "D. Boone cilled a bar on the tree in year 1760." On Friday, May 14, 1948, the community residents hosted a noteworthy open-house event.
Newsy News Items from the Community of Okolona, 1886-02
My column today is a collection of "Newsy News" from Okolona between 1886 and 1902:
Pedigreed Pottery Once Imported from Unaka Mountains Residents
In 1929, Helen Jackson, a former resident of the Southern mountains and a current resident of Brooklyn, NY, had cautious words to describe the Southerners she loved so much. They supplied her business with high quality pedigreed mountain pottery: "I love my mountain people," she said, "and I don't want to call them illiterate. They just haven't had the advantage of an education."
A Cursory Glance at the Jonesboro Herald and Tribune, May 1892
A May 1892 Jonesboro Herald and Tribune newspaper offered a diversity of news reports and low priced ads from the surrounding area:
Brownlow Fountain, Lady of the Fountain, Part 2 Much Anticipated News: "The Fountain Is Now Bubbling"
Today's feature is a continuation of the one that began on January 26. The information from The Comet newspaper addresses the origin of Johnson City's Lady of the Fountain. I chose to quote rather than paraphrase it. My comments are shown in parenthesis. Forward me any remarks or questions you might have.
Reader Provides Another Look back to the Red Shield Boys' Club
Richard "Dick" Church, who previously shared some memories of the Red Shield Boys' Club, an organization dear to his heart, provided additional memories of the organization. Dick recalled another activity at the Red Shield Boys' Club - stamp collecting.
Origin of the Brownlow Fountain and the Lady of the Fountain, Part 1
Today's feature is the first of two that will address the origin of Johnson City's beautiful Lady of the Fountain. Although it answers several questions about the development of the downtown water fountain, it also presents some facts that are hard to interpret, "history mysteries" as I call them. The information comes from The Comet and is quoted just as it appeared in the newspaper. Any comments I offer are shown in parenthesis. Feel free to send me any comments or questions you might have. The second Lady of the Fountain feature will appear in late February.
Lady of the Fountain's History Unfolds in The Comet Newspaper
Today's column is the first of three articles dealing with the Lady of the Fountain's origin in downtown Johnson City. The other two pieces are larger feature stories presenting my research that spans 1894 (when the fountain was first conceived) to 1909 (when it became fully operational).
Remembering Tom Hodge and His Many Contributions to Area History
My wife recently directed my attention to a beautiful Monarch butterfly hovering near our backyard flowerbed arbor. Immediately, I thought about the late Tom Hodge, long time writer for the Johnson City Press, and his love for the fluttery critters. He inspired my love for area history.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The design and construction of compilers and other translators. Topics include compilation goals, organization of a translator, grammars and languages, symbol tables, lexical analysis, syntax analysis (parsing), error handling, intermediate and final code generation, assemblers, interpreters, and an introduction to optimization parallelization. Emphasis is on engineering, from scratch, a compiler or an interpreter for a small programming language-typically a C or Pascal subset. Projects involve the implementation (and documentation) of such a system.
P: ECE35900, ECE36200, or equivalent.


The problem with giving Lisa a break by taking Amelie off her hands for twenty-four hours, is that she liked it so much, she now wants a divorce so that I'll have the girl every weekend. The only thing keeping us together is the fact that she can't put the ironing board up on her own.
But while we argue over who gets custody of Chloe, the good news is that we managed to spend one last Sunday as a family, by treating Amelie to an afternoon of culture at the Brighton Theatre Royal yesterday. The show we took her to see was 'Numberjacks', so to be honest there was probably more culture in the bacteria on her fingers, but having enjoyed ninety minutes of maths-based fun, she can now count those fingers with ease.
For anyone not familiar with the Cbeebies Numberjacks show, it's just your average, everyday tale of a group of googly-eyed numbers who live in a sofa and solve problems using their magical Brain Gain, whilst battling a Problem Blob and a Spooky Spoon. We've heard it all a thousand times before. The live stage show promised "all the fun, comedy, music and excitement from the TV, and lots lots more!". And it didn't disappoint. Assuming your expectations were pretty low to start with.
Tickets for this theatrical extravaganza started at £12.50, but fortunately I'm on the mailing list for the Theatre Royal, meaning I was entitled to a special discounted price of just ten pounds a ticket. It meant we were able to purchase three £10 seats for a total of – yes, you've guessed it – forty pounds. I'm not saying they rip you off, but by the time you've paid the booking fee, service charge and 'restoration levy', you feel like calling Trading Standards.
It's just a shame they charged us £2.50 for that ice cream.
... but sadly that was the scenery for Spamalot, which was on in the evening. The Numberjacks set was just stuck in front of it for the afternoon.
The performers gave it their all, and I'm sure the audience enjoyed it, but the production values left something to be desired. In the TV show, Spooky Spoon floats eerily around in the air. In the stage version, someone walks on looking like a cross between a ninja and a serial killer, and waves a pink spoon on a broom handle. It scared the life out of Amelie, who started shouting "Who's that??!" in a terrified voice. When I told her it was Spooky Spoon, she said "No, the scary man in black!".
Anyway, all credit to the actors for doing stirling work with limited resources, but frankly I knew they were in trouble half way through Act II, when Amelie turned to me with a glum expression and said "Daddy, this isn't very good". When three-year-olds start picking holes in the script, you know you've got problems.
She's like Statler and Waldorf from The Muppets. And before you ask, no, the show wasn't a sell-out.
Having ended the performance on a high, we made our way outside to suffer the considerable low of a sleet downpour and a fifteen minute wait for the bus home. It gave Amelie just enough time to persuade me to spend five quid on a Mickey Mouse balloon from a street trader, after which she began a series of mini-tantrums at everything from our choice of bus seats to our audacity at daring to touch her balloon string. By the time we got home, I was soaked, Lisa was frozen, and Amelie had dissolved into tears. I thought things couldn't get any worse until I got up this morning and found that the £5 balloon had deflated overnight. I had to play the video above at full volume, just to give voice to my despair.
Oh dear - life is very unfair! Maybe best to just watch the television in future.
I was going to ask if it was a sell-out. Now I have nothing to say.
It's always helpful to read articles from other authors and use a little something from other sites.


text:
Q: Writing multiple data frames as separate sheets in one Excel file I have a list of data frames:
df1 <- data.frame(
  col1  = c("1","2","3"),
  col2 = c("3","2","1")
)

df2 <- data.frame(
  col1  = c("1","1","1"),
  col2 = c("3","2","1")
)

df.list <- list(df1,df2)
names(df.list) <- c("df1","df2")

I want to write them to an Excel file with each data frame as a separate sheet, for which I tried the following:
library(xlsx)
excel <- "sample.xlsx"
for (i in 1:length(df.list)){
  sheet <- names(df.list)[i]
  if (i == 1) {
    write.xlsx(df.list[[i]], file=excel, sheetName=sheet, row.names = FALSE)
  }else{write.xlsx(df.list[[i]], file=excel, sheetName=sheet, append = TRUE, row.names = FALSE)}

}

But I get the following error:
Error in .jnew("org/apache/poi/xssf/usermodel/XSSFWorkbook") :
  Java Exception <no description because toString() failed>createWorkbook(type = ext)new("jobjRef", jobj = <pointer: 0x5572117f3a90>, jclass = "java/lang/Throwable")

I have no clue what this error means and how to get the code to work.

A: Restarting R helped to get over the reported error. With my real data, I also got an out of memory error which was solved according to this solution. Seems that the best long-term solution is to switch to another package, such as openxlsx, as suggested by Gregor Thomas.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Today, the Southern Ontario Water Consortium hosted an event to showcase the success of 35 companies under its Advancing Water Technologies (AWT) program. Launched in 2016 with support from the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev Ontario), the AWT program has committed more than $10 million to 60 projects, advancing the commercial readiness of Ontario water technologies and supporting almost 200 jobs.
Brenda Lucas speaks to attendees at the SOWC showcase. Image Credit: SOWC.
The showcased results demonstrate the program's effectiveness. Of the companies displaying their technologies, products included those designed to improve drinking water quality, treat sewage, and manage stormwater, among other solutions. Representatives from a number of municipalities across the province were keen to learn how the proposed approaches could reduce costs, cut energy consumption, or even generate revenue by recovering resources. From recovering biogas from sewage, mining acoustic data from fire hydrant sensors to identify potential leaks, and developing residential greywater systems that dramatically shrink household water consumption.
Ontario is home to more than 900 water companies, from startups to multinationals. It is also home to significant academic expertise in this field, including 42 Canada Research Chairs. Altogether, approximately 22,000 Ontarians are employed in the water sector.


The Graduate Certificate in College Teaching helps prepare graduate students for careers in higher education. Candidates are required to complete two education courses, participate in two practica, and create an e-portfolio via an online class.
The education classes I took were Teaching and Learning in Higher Education and the Seminar in College Teaching. These classes helped me to reflect on my priorities as an educator. In addition, I practiced new strategies for keeping students' attention and accommodating different learning styles.
In Fall 2014 I completed a practicum with Dr. Keith Stroyan. The course was Engineering Math V: Vector Calculus, an advanced course in calculus that employs Mathematica for computations and graphics. During the semester, I regularly observed the lectures and met with the professor to discuss topics to be covered, homework assignment, projects, and exams. I also gave two lectures and led a review session before the final exam. In Fall 2015 I completed my second practicum with Dr. Maggy Tomova in Fundamental Properties of Spaces and Functions I, an introduction to real analysis and proofs class.
An e-portfolio is a professional webpage which is used to organize teaching materials and showcase your experiences and achievements as a graduate student. I have absorbed my e-portfolio into this website.


This Tampa Bay Buccaneers football player has his game face on and is ready to rumble! Go Bucs! The Buccaneers play their NFL home games in Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. They last won the Super Bowl in 2002. Tampa Bay football fans dress in the team colors of red and black and cheer along with the Buc's mascot Captain Fear. The Buccaneers flag logo is displayed on the front of this player's jersey as well as both sides of his helmet. This is a unique gift and we look forward to personalizing it with the name of a huge Tampa Bay Buccaneer fan!


The known history of chocolate goes back as far as 1500BC, when the Olmec Indians were the first civilization to grow cocoa beans as a domestic crop. The Olmec were a Pre-Columbian civilization living in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, near the modern-day city of Veracruz.
Mayan and Aztec civilizations were the next to discover the value of the cacao bean, the natural source of what we know as chocolate. The Aztecs made a potent medicinal drink called xocoatl, or "bitter water", out of ground cacao beans and other spices.
The original bitter chocolate drink favored by these people was very different from the smooth, sweet chocolate bars we enjoy today, yet the source of both remains the same: the humble cacao bean.
Around 600AD, the Mayans migrated into northern regions of Mexico and established the earliest known cocoa plantations in the Yucatan. In the 16th century, Mayan nobles visited Prince Philip of Spain, and brought gift jars of cocoa, introducing it to western civilization for the first time. It took nearly a century after that for the drink to spread across the rest of Europe.
The first chocolate house was opened in London in 1657. At that time, chocolate was considered a beverage strictly for the upper class. Solid chocolate was introduced in the form of chocolate rolls and cakes, served in chocolate emporiums.
By the early 18th century, the price of cocoa beans had dropped enough to be enjoyed by people of all classes. In the latter part of the century, Dr. Joseph Fry of Bristol, England, invented a steam engine for grinding cocoa beans that led to the manufacturing of chocolate on a large scale.
Chocolate was introduced to the United States in 1765, when Irish chocolate-maker John Hanan imported cocoa beans from the West Indies to Massachusetts, to refine them with the help of American Dr. James Baker. The pair soon built America's first chocolate mill and by 1780, were making the now-famous Baker's® chocolate.
Other innovations that occurred in the 19th century include the invention of the cocoa press by Conrad Van Houten. This helped cut prices and improve the quality of chocolate by squeezing out some of the cocoa butter and giving it a smoother consistency.
Van Houten was the first to add alkaline salts to powdered cocoa to make it mix better with water. His alkalizing process became known as "Dutching."
In 1847, Joseph Fry & Son discovered a way to mix some of the cocoa butter back into the "dutched" chocolate, and added sugar, creating a paste that could be molded. The result was the first modern chocolate bar.
Fry & Son, along with the Cadbury Brothers, displayed chocolates for eating at an exhibition in Bingley Hall, Birmingham, England in 1849.
Prince Albert's Exposition in London in 1851 was the first time that the public was introduced to bonbons, chocolate creams, and caramels.
John Cadbury was the first to mass-market boxes of chocolate candies. In 1861, his son, Richard Cadbury, created the first known heart-shaped candy box for Valentine's Day.
In 1879, Daniel Peter and Henri Nestlé joined together to form the Nestlé Company. Also in that year, Rodolphe Lindt of Berne, Switzerland, produced a more smooth and creamy chocolate that melted on the tongue by invented the "conching" machine.
In 1926, Belgian chocolatier, Joseph Draps started the Godiva Company to compete with Hershey's and Nestle's American market.
Today, the chocolate industry is an ever-growing, $50 billion dollar-a-year worldwide business. This industry is spread across five continents, and is dominated by a small number of sellers. U.S. companies such as Mars and Hershey's alone generate $13 billion a year in chocolate sales and account for two thirds of all U.S. manufacturers. Europe accounts for 45% of the world's chocolate revenue.


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Mount Harvard
Mount Harvard Detail
Distance: 13.6 miles (round trip)
Collegiate Peaks, San Isabel, near Buena Vista in Central Colorado
Terrific views of a quintet of 14ers, the Horn Fork valley, Missouri Basin and the Pine Creek valley are the rewards of climbing Mount Harvard (14,420-ft.), the third highest summit in the Rocky Mountains. A long, steady climb on well-defined trails and a short scramble up the summit block make this a challenging but doable trail for fit, well acclimated hikers.
With a very early start you can summit Mount Harvard in a day. A better option is an overnight backpack that allows you to explore Bear Lake and the upper Horn Fork basin. I strongly advise waiting for the snow to melt before tackling this trail.
See the Bear Lake Trail for a detailed description of the first 5.2 miles of the hike to Mount Harvard.
Trail to Mount Harvard
Note: Given the length and difficulty, the climb to Mt. Harvard is best done as a backpack. I recommend backpacking into the Horn Fork valley and then climbing the peak the next day. See the description of the Bear Lake trail for information on camping along the trail to the lake.
The easiest trail up Mt. Harvard, the third highest peak in Colorado, is accessed by the scenic trail climbing the Horn Fork Valley to Bear Lake (see driving directions below). Follow the first 5.2 miles of the Bear Lake trail to the junction with the trail to Mt. Harvard. At the junction turn right (north/northwest) toward Mt. Harvard. The trail to the left (west) leads to Bear Lake. (Note: The last time I hiked this trail the sign was missing from the junction.)
Follow the trail as it climbs steeply through rocky meadows and then talus slopes to a ridge extending east from Peak 13588 at 5.7 miles. Switchbacks help ease the climb to the ridge crest. Atop the ridge turn around for fine views of Bear Lake, Mt. Columbia, Mt. Yale and, in the distance, Mt. Princeton to the south. The grade now abates as the trail travels through alpine tundra along a bench. In season, the meadows are sprinkled with wildflower. Large rock cairns mark the trail.
At 5.9 miles the climb resumes, ascending steeply up the south facing slopes of Mt. Harvard toward the peak's south ridge. Reach the ridge crest (13,590-ft.) at 6.25 miles. Turn right (north) and climb through rocky meadows along the right (east) side of the ridge. As you climb the meadows give way to scree covered slopes. At 6.7 miles reach the base of the summit block and the hardest part of the hike. From this point it is a Class 2 scramble up a steep slope covered with huge, stable rocks to the summit (14,420-ft.) at 6.8 miles. There are several routes to the summit. Take your time and select the route that works best for you.
From the summit enjoy stunning views of the Sawatch Mountains and Collegiate Peaks Wilderness. Mt Yale forms the backdrop for the Horn Fork valley to the south. Mt Princeton and Antero Peak rise in the distance to the south. Mount Columbia towers above the valley to the southeast. The Buffalo Peaks dominate the view to the east while Mount Belford, Mount Oxford and Missouri Mountain rise above the Pine Creek valley to the north/northwest. In the distance a sea of peaks, including La Plata Peak, fill the skyline to the northwest. To the west is the distinctive profile of the Three Apostles.
When you are done enjoying the views retrace your steps to the trailhead. If time and energy allow, take a side trip to visit Bear Lake.
Preparing to Hike a 14er
Many hikers and climbers come to Buena Vista to summit one of the area's 14,000-ft. peaks, known as 14ers. There are 58 14ers in Colorado ranging from hiking trails involving a minor amount of scrambling to technical climbing routes requiring ropes and related equipment. The Sawatch Mountains near Buena Vista, with 14 peaks over 14,000-ft., boasts the highest concentration of 14ers in the state.
Novice and casual hikers will be tempted by the challenge of summiting a 14er. It's a great goal but you need to take the challenge seriously. To summit a 14er you must be in good physical shape and well acclimated. Flatlanders should not plan on arriving in Buena Vista and setting out the next day to summit a peak. The best strategy is to spend a week day hiking the many great trails around Buena Vista, pushing yourself to go higher each day.
Make sure you know the signs of altitude sickness and descend immediately to a lower altitude if symptoms develop. Seek medical help if the symptoms persist at lower altitude.
Get an early start. It is not unusual to see people starting a climb in the wee hours of the morning or at dawn. You will be hiking much slower than you expect. Allocate at least an hour for every 1,000-ft. of elevation gain. Your pace will slow to a crawl once you reach the rarefied air about 12,000-ft. Plan your time accordingly. It is best to be off the summit and below exposed terrain before the early afternoon to avoid thunderstorms, a frequent occurrence in the Rockies during the summer.
Some of the 14ers can be reached by a long day hike. These days will be much harder than you expect. I strongly recommend backpacking to a basecamp and then getting up early the next morning to summit a peak. This will cut down the distance and elevation gain required in a single day. Spending the night at a high altitude will also help you to acclimate.
Check the weather forecast and don't try to summit if bad weather is imminent. Getting caught in a storm is not fun and can be dangerous. Make sure you take plenty of warm clothing, including a hat and gloves. Rain gear including pants is a must. A map, compass and safety equipment, such as matches, a first aid kit, knife and headlamp, are strongly recommended. The Gear list on the 14ers.com website includes an excellent packing list.
Be sure to take plenty of food and water to maintain your energy level and stay hydrated. Carry two to three quarts of water per person, tons of energy bars or other sources of protein and a substantial lunch.
Pick a 14er that matches your experience level. Plan the route and know what to expect. Read trip reports to learn about the terrain. The 14ers.com website includes an amazing trove of great information on climbing Colorado's 14,000-ft. peaks.
Before your trip leave an itinerary with friend or a relative. Make sure someone knows where you are going and when you are going to be back.
Once you set out, don't be afraid to turn around if in doubt. It always disappointing to turn around but if the weather is threatening, the trail is covered in slick snow/ice, you're feeling unwell or you're just uncomfortable on the trail, it is the right decision. Be smart, the mountain will be there for another attempt at some later date.
Note: Grades are assigned to climbs based on their difficulty. A Class 1 climb is really just a hike. A Class 2 climb is a more difficult hike up steep slopes, over boulder fields and/or ascending loose scree slopes. The route may involve some scrambling, with the possible use of the hands. There may be some exposure along the route.
Hike Facts
Elevation: 9,890-ft. - 14,429-ft.
Elevation Gain: 4,530-ft. - 4,539-ft.
Difficulty: strenuous-difficult
Basecamp(s): Buena Vista
Region: Central Colorado
Paperback Edition
EPub Edition
This opinionated guide includes all the hikes in the Aspen, Buena Vista, Crested Butte, Marble and Leadville sections of the website plus info on local services and nearby attractions.
Driving Directions from Buena Vista: From the traffic light at the intersection of U.S.24 and Country Road 306 in downtown Buena Vista, drive north on U.S. 24 W for three blocks (0.7 miles) and turn left on Crossman Avenue (CR 350). The turn is just beyond the Super 8 in Buena Vista.
Follow CR 350 for 1.8 miles to a "T" intersection and turn right on CR 361. Drive on CR 361 for 0.9 miles to a 2nd "T" intersection and turn left on CR 365. Follow CR 365 for 5.1 miles to the North Cottonwood Creek trailhead at the end of the road. The road gets noticeable rougher after the first 2.0 miles. Beyond this point normal passenger cars can make it to the trailhead if driven carefully. High clearance is better.
This is a very popular trailhead providing access to Mt. Harvard. As such it fills early in the morning during the summer. Additional parking is available along the road leading to the parking lot. Be sure to pick a spot that is well off the road.


Focused precisely on the needs of our customers, we have a highly motivated team of support services which complement our scientific disciplines. Strong backing from our proactive support departments contributes to our ability to deliver high quality reports on time.
Sequani archive offers data retention on studies conducted at Sequani. The archive maintains all records in accordance with Company procedures and Regulatory requirements.
Study archive data together with other associated materials, are retained for all studies in order that a study may be reconstructed at a later date should it be necessary. In addition further documentation concerning the facility, equipment, staff and procedures which is required to support the conduct of regulatory studies is also retained.
All materials retained within the Sequani archive facility are on site in a secure environment designed to protect the materials from loss, damage or deterioration.
The archive has a full time, dedicated staff who are responsible for the materials archived. A full cataloguing system and database is in place which enables rapid identification, location and retrieval of stored materials. Archive staff have extensive experience in both client and regulatory inspections and have fully utilised this experience in the design and operation of the Archive facility.
Access to the archive is strictly controlled using biometrics and security features include an independent alarm system and an automatic fire suppression system. Environmental monitoring is performed routinely to ensure that materials are stored under suitable conditions. All of these procedures contribute towards the safe and secure environment in which records are maintained.
Sequani Information Technology strategy embodies expert knowledge, standardised procedures and the practice of Computer System Validation, using organisational controls and documentation to ensure a continued innovative yet stable approach.
Reporting efficiently and robust data security underpin the information technology strategy. Electronic data capture systems are used throughout most of the company's laboratories for on-line data entry. Data acquisition systems validate entries automatically and highlight suspected anomalies. Underpinning this is an infrastructure supported with the latest network technologies.
Our close links with software vendors help us in our goal of increasing efficiency and striving to continually improve our business processes.
The Sequani Quality Assurance Unit is a dedicated group responsible for the monitoring of studies. The Unit is independent of those personnel conducting the studies and is responsible for assuring Management that the facilities, equipment, personnel, methods, practices, records and reporting are in compliance with the relevant good practice.
Sequani is a member of the United Kingdom Good Laboratory Practice Compliance Programme and performs studies in compliance with current UK and OECD GLP regulations and requirements.
Sequani welcomes inspection by its customers and is always pleased to make the necessary arrangements for such a visit.
The Quality Assurance Unit has a full time staff of dedicated personnel. Each auditor brings with them a wealth of expertise and experience in science, technology and industry. This, together with the training and development programmes provided in-house and thorough professional bodies such as RQA, enables our auditors to have an appropriate understanding of the studies conducted and a full knowledge of the relevant regulations and the role of quality assurance.
The Quality Assurance Unit reviews all study plans before issue; schedules and performs critical phase and process inspections on studies; performs facility, supplier and sub-contractor inspections; and finally reviews each and every study report for completeness and accuracy for compliance.


Bangalore is a modern and highly urbanized city. As the technological hub of the country, it is the most important and often visited city in the state of Karnataka, South India. It is known both for its modern high-rise buildings and colonial and historical structures such as palaces, forts and temples. Natural resources such as waterfalls, hills and caves, as well as this lake, are also top tourism draws. The city is also a haven for shopaholics, and foreign tourists will be delightfully surprised to discover how shopping is done in Ulsoor Lake.
Here's how you do it. Rent a boat and enjoy boating in the lake as you would in any other lakes. Then, if you are really into shopping, stop at the many tiny islands and do some shopping. You will find a variety of interesting souvenir items that are truly worth taking home. Boating and shopping in Ulsoor Lake is quite an experience, and it is nice taking home a memento to prove that you've done it while in India.
Boating, shopping and sightseeing are clearly the top attractions and to-do in the lake. But what really draws the crowd from all over the country is the Ganesh Festival that takes place on the birthday of Ganesha in either August or September, according to the Lunar calendar. This is one of the most highly anticipated festivals in India since Lord Ganesh is the Supreme Lord, the Brahman himself. This Hindu deity is the source of all bliss and the giver of virtues and successes in life. He is the energy of Lord Shiva. One of the highlights of the festival is the making and worshipping of clay figures of the deity that could last from two to ten days.
The town of Ulsoor in the eastern parts of Bangalore used to be an important town with a growing economy. Kempe Gowda II, son of Kempe Gowda, the founder of Bangalore, built Ulsoor Lake as testament to the growing importance of the region. Legends have it that Kempe Gowda II spoke with God Somesvara in his dream and was instructed to unearth a hidden treasure. He apparently found the treasure and on the spot he built the Somesvara pagoda in Ulsoor, and eventually built the lake on the forest area where he slept and had the dream. The pagoda still stands today. Today, only faint reminders of the glorious bygone-years may be seen in Ulsoor town. Still considered as Karnataka's "City Market", Ulsoor's only real attraction is the magnificent lake.
Tourists are advised not to swim in Ulsoor Lake since the weeds and lotus could be dangerous when swimming. There is a nearby swimming pool complex if one wishes to beat the South Asian heat. Also nearby is a huge Sikh shrine, a temple and Kensington Park.


This drug is commonly used to treat schitzophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Other drugs you may see go hand in hand with this may be lithium and divalproex.
Unlabeled uses may include OCD, Alcohol Dependence and Tourette's Syndrome.


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[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Innovation and Technology (1)
Author or Editor: Christopher Wadlow x
Intellectual Property x
Intellectual Property Law x
Chapters/Articles x
The own-name defence in passing-off: six pennyworth of thoughts from the other side*
Christopher Wadlow
Interest in the supposed defence of honest use of one's own name in passing-off has revived in the past decade, although the search for an unequivocal example of the defence continues to be unproductive. This article concentrates on the case of Newman v Adlem and the very different attitudes to the defence exhibited by Jacob LJ and Arden LJ in their respective judgments. It is suggested that Jacob LJ is probably correct in asserting that the defence does not really exist, but that in reaching this conclusion he appears to have misinterpreted the classic judgment of Romer J in Rodgers v Rodgers. In particular, it is argued that Jacob LJ has imposed on Romer J a supposed distinction between 'confusion' and 'deception' that was entirely alien to the latter's way of thinking, while overlooking the distinction which Romer J really had in mind, which was between the inherent consequences arising from the use of the name per se, and those arising from all the other factors under the control of the defendant. The dissenting judgment of Arden LJ, by way of contrast, finds moral support from the opinion of Jacobs A-G in Konstantinidis v Stadt Altensteig-Standesamt, and from Article 8 ECHR, though probably not to the extent of reinstating the defence in anything like its full potential width.
In Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property
https://doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2011.02.02


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Analogy and Metaphor
Embodiment and Metaphor
Lakoff and Gentner
Criticisms of Lakoff's Theory of Metaphor
Meaning, Mapping, Panalogy, and Netflix
Symbol Grounding and Proportional Analogy
Context and Analogy
Readings in Analogy-Making
Analogy, Ethics, Cooperation, Evolution, and the Golden Ratio
Facts and Values
Analogy and Logic
Evolution and Culture
Convergent Evolution and Multiple Discovery
Ockham versus Darwin
Everything Evolves
Incremental Doubt
The Evolution of Movies
A Scientific Approach to Morals and Ethics
The Heroic Theory of Scientific Development
Types of Reasoning
Logical Atoms
The Logic of Attributional and Relational Similarity
Ocham's Razor is Dull
Textual Entailment: What Does "If" Mean?
Attributes and Relations: Redder than Red
Language and Reality
Language Affects Perception
The Symbol Grounding Problem
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Genius, Sustained Effort, and Passion
The Seductive Power of Mathematics
Scientific Productivity, Age, and Field
How to Maximize Citations
Posted on February 24, 2008 by Peter Turney
Ethical axioms are found and tested not very differently from the axioms of science. Truth is what stands the test of experience. — Albert Einstein
The traditional view is that science has nothing to say about ethics and morality. Science tells us what is and morality tells us what ought to be. You can't get ought from is. Science can help us predict the consequences of our actions, but it cannot tell us which consequences we should seek and which we should avoid. How, then, do we decide what is ethical? We must look in our hearts and souls; we must turn to religion or spirituality. We must seek ethical axioms to which all can agree (except psychopaths, sociopaths, deviants, and people who are not like us) and make sure that our actions conform to those axioms. I disagree with this view.
Why do we have ethics and morals? What is their function? Let's define an agent as a being who has beliefs and desires, and who chooses actions based on those beliefs and desires. Different agents often have incompatible desires, which leads to conflict. The function of ethics and morality is to resolve conflict among agents; to facilitate cooperation among agents. A solitary agent (if there could be such a being — even hermits and feral children are never entirely solitary, since animals can be agents, and since actions can have consequences far beyond their local origins) would have no need or use for morality.
Human agents have many goals, and the weights and priorities they attach to their goals vary with time and circumstances. One way to resolve conflict among agents is to find a shared goal and persuade the agents to agree on an action that is consistent with that shared goal. Many moral systems take this to an extreme, by attempting to formulate a moral axiom (or set of moral axioms) to which we can all agree. Some hope that science might help us to find such a moral axiom. I agree with the critics, who argue that this is not the kind of thing that science can do.
Where do our ethics and morals come from? An ethical system is an algorithm that an agent uses for making decisions in the context of other agents, when there is the potential for conflict or cooperation with the other agents. Our ethical algorithms have biological and cultural components, which have evolved by biological and cultural evolution. Science can help us to understand the evolutionary origins of our ethics.
This view comes close to the naturalistic fallacy, a type of false argument that attempts to base an ethical system on facts of nature. But I do not claim that science can tell us what is ethically right or wrong; instead, I want to make a kind of meta-ethical claim, that science can help us to choose between competing ethical algorithms. The fact that a certain ethical system has survived countless years of biological and cultural evolution does not imply that it is a good ethical system, because evolution makes major mistakes [alternate link]. However, it does imply that the survivor is better than some of its competitors that became extinct (with various careful scientific caveats, about statistical sampling and the specific environment).
Ethical systems evolve in much the same way as scientific theories evolve. Scientists select theories that are fitter than competing theories, in terms of their scope, fertility, and explanatory and predictive power. Ethical agents select ethical systems that are fitter than competing ethical systems, in terms of their ability to facilitate cooperation and reduce conflict with other agents. This is not because cooperation is inherently good and conflict is inherently bad; it is simply because, whatever goals an agent has, some ethical systems will make it easier to achieve those goals than other ethical systems. Science can help us to find effective ethical systems — effective in terms of our own personal long-term goals in life.
The paradigm of the scientific approach to ethics is Axelrod's Evolution of Cooperation. The lesson of Axelrod's experiments is that tit for tat is an effective ethical algorithm for certain types of conflict among agents. This is not to say that tit for tat should be elevated to the status of an ethical axiom; it is only to say that tit for tat is better than many competing algorithms (for certain types of environments, with certain statistical sampling assumptions). This is a good example of what we might learn from a mature science of ethics.
Arguments about whether a certain action is ethical often lead to a stalemate, because the agents involved cannot agree on a set of ethical axioms. Science cannot tell us whether a particular axiom is right or wrong, just as we never know whether a particular scientific theory is true or false, only whether it is fitter than competing theories. But we can take the ethical argument to a meta-level and ask which algorithms the participants in the debate should adopt in order to more effectively achieve their goals; this is a problem that science can address.
I believe that a science of ethics (which is currently in its infancy) will eventually justify some of our most cherished ethical beliefs, such as The Golden Rule and the importance of diversity, perhaps with various caveats, embellishments, and qualifications. I envision tit for tat-like experiments that will show these are highly competitive ethical algorithms (not that they are right or wrong).
Where do altruism and self-sacrifice fit in this scheme? It might be said that I am arguing for a kind of enlightened self-interest, which is incompatible with pure altruism. The way to deflate this criticism is to focus on the question, what is the self? I do not necessarily identify myself with my body or my genome; I can identify myself with a certain set of ideas, a certain set of values, or a certain group of agents. Pure altruism can arise from enlightened self-interest within this broader sense of self.
(This blog post is partially based on discussions with my son, Craig Turney, and with Peter Watts.)


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Natasha's Pierogi can be found at farmers markets on Sunday mornings.
Golden brown on the outside with just the right amount of crunch, leading to a pillow of filling—potato-cheese, spinach mozzarella, or just about anything your heart might desire, Natasha's Pierogi hits the spot for everyone from adventurous gourmets to picky eaters. Pierogi are an Eastern-European dumpling, similar to Italian ravioli and Japanese gyoza.
Natasha Obuhov sells hot pierogis at farmers markets. On a Sunday morning at the market, Obuhov staffed the table while her husband, Vladimir, was on duty in the pierogi wagon, frying the pierogi to perfection for the line of people waiting to enjoy them, and serving them with sour cream and crispy pickles on the side.
Obuhov arrived in the U.S. in 2003 to join Vladimir in Plymouth. She is from Voronezh, a city in central Russia. Natasha's Pierogi is a true family business, with the all the Obuhovs taking part—Natasha, Vladimir and their daughter Nicole.
Obuhov has always loved cooking, but it wasn't until she arrived in the U.S. that she went professional. Her food is quintessential Eastern European. People with Russian, Ukrainian, Polish or any Eastern European background will find it to be the food your mom made, or your babushka, or babcia or bubbe, and if no one ever made it for you, it's okay, because thanks to Obuhov, you can make up for lost time and enjoy it all now.
Obuhov makes so many varieties of pierogi that you can never get bored, if you're the type of person who thinks its possible to get bored of potatoes. Non-meat options include potato-cheese, potato mushroom, potato with smoked salmon, potato-onion, spinach-mozzarella sauerkraut-mushroom. If it's meat you want, choices include potato-bacon, pulled pork and American bison. The dough is simple, made from flour, water, oil and salt. There are no eggs in the dough, which makes the meat-free versions suitable for vegans.
On bone-chilling December days, do you ever yearn for cabbage rolls, but your craving goes unsatisfied because of how labor-intensive they are to make? It's a challenging enterprise—pulling the leaves off and boiling them, only to have them rip when you start rolling them with the filling. Obuhov has got you covered, saving you the work and frustration. She makes the traditional meat variety stuffed with beef and pork as well as a chicken version, and happily for vegetarians and vegans, rolls stuffed with brown rice, button mushrooms, onions and carrots and topped with marinara sauce.
"Everything is done by hand—cutting the dough, scooping in the filling, sealing them," says Obuhov, and you can tell by the taste. It's the slight variation, along with the fresh ingredients, that give them the home-made quality, bringing them from good to great.
Obuhov also makes and sells bottled sauces, including ginger-garlic, sage-mushroom, and my own favorite—plum-ginger. Additionally, she sells a probiotic liquid that builds up "good" gut bacteria, found to be important for health. It has a bracing, but not unpleasant, taste.
In addition to farmers markets, Obuhov's products are available at all three Lakewinds Coops, Nelson's Market in St. Louis Park and Sentyrz Market in Northeast Minneapolis. Obuhov is working on adding other stores to carry her products, and she hopes to obtain a booth at the State Fair to offer pierogi on a stick.
Everything is made in Obuhov's commercial kitchen in New Hope. Delivery is offered for $5 within the delivery area and is available to a larger area for orders over $50. (Check the website for specifics.) Or, pick up your orders at the kitchen at no charge.
The growing ranks of pierogi-lovers keep Obuhov busy. "It's a full-time job!" she says. Much of life is uncontrollable, but you can assure yourself of healthy, satisfying food through the winter and beyond by stocking up with help from Obuhov.
What other food can claim its own patron saint?
Pierogi are believed to have first appeared in the Polish territories in the 13th-century.
A recipe for pierogi first appeared in a cookbook, Compendium Ferculorum, published in Poland, in 1682. The filling? Chopped kidneys, veal fat, greens and nutmeg.


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Elections: Incumbent Del. Knight faces Green Party's Staples in 81st House District
State Del. Barry Knight, the Republican incumbent from Pungo, faces a challenge from the Green Party's Jeff Staples, a Chesapeake resident, in the 81st Virginia House District in the Nov. 3 election. [Photos provided.]
BY JOSH WHITENER
COURTHOUSE — State Del. Barry Knight, a Republican seeking his fourth term, faces Green Party challenger Jeff Staples in the Nov. 3 election in the 81st House District.
Knight, a Pungo native, is a farmer and businessman who also serves as vice president of the Virginia Beach Farm Bureau and as a board member of the Military Aviation Museum.
His committee assignments include agriculture and appropriations, and he enjoys a significant fundraising advantage over the challenger – more than $260,000 on hand as of late August, according to his campaign financial disclosure report, compared to less than $250 listed as remaining in the Staples campaign's most recent available disclosure.
Knight said his goals include working for legislation to support agriculture. He said he also wants to fully fund the Virginia Retirement System and do away with an accelerated sales tax.
"I just want what's best for the majority of the people down in the district where I've lived all my life," Knight said. "My family's been here for 350 years."
Green Party candidate Staples, a mechanic from Chesapeake, has touted his refusal of corporate or political action committee funds for his campaign. Staples said he is running as voice for the working class.
Staples supports funding for public schools, Medicaid expansion and the decriminalization of marijuana.
Staples has paid for some of his campaigning through loans paying for advertisements on social media. He had raised $1,344 for the race through late August, according to campaign finance records.
"I want to get the money out of politics," Staples said. "I think that if you continue to push the issue to the forefront then, more or less, they'll get shamed into doing it."
Public records show that Staples filed for bankruptcy in 2007. He told The Independent News that it followed a "bad investment" with a tool company. "The reason I went bankrupt is because they refused to work with me on things like inventory I tried to send back," he said.
Staples said the bankruptcy would not impede his ability to handle finances as a state delegate.
Knight declined to comment on Staples' bankruptcy. The incumbent said he had a number of issues he intended to tackle if voters grant him another term. Among them is aiding efforts to fight encroachment around Fentress, the naval auxiliary field.
As a member of the appropriations committee, Knight said, "I'll try to make sure that the money we've gotten and I've been in charge of since I've been in office – money that we get from the state to match the city's money – will be used to help roll back encroachment around Fentress Airfield."
He said he will pursue state funding of $2.5 million per year to work in concert with local anti-encroachment efforts here "so the Navy feels like we really want them here – because we do."
Both candidates discussed their concerns about the amount of menhaden being caught, including the proximity of the big fishery ships to the shore.
"The only fishery that is regulated by the House of Delegates and the State Senate is menhaden," Staples said. "The rest of it is regulated by the Virginia Marine Resource Commission. So why is that?"
Laurie Naismith, a spokesperson for the Virginia Marine Resources Commission, said menhaden falls under the code of Virginia.
"The menhaden industry is in the code of Virginia and it is up to them what they want to do with it." Naismith said. "The VMRC's responsibility for that fishery, and that fishery only, is to grant licenses and authorize certain types of equipment to be used."
Staples said campaign contributions have influence over state menhaden regulation.
However, Knight has not received contributions from the fishery, Omega Protein.
Knight, who said in an interview that his position is based upon science, has supported limiting the cap of menhaden that can be caught.
The Chesapeake Bay Foundation has touted its work with Knight and others on the sensitive issue.
Elections, Government, Virginia Beach 2015 Elections, Barry Knight, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Jeff Staples, Josh Whitener, Menhaden, State House 81st District, Virginia General Assembly, Virginia Marine Resources Commission
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text: BLEAKNESS had the opportunity to record demo of new songs before leaving on tour with FOTOCRIME last september and to release a tape containing half of this session. This demo is a promising draft as these songs will be re-recorded hopefully soon for a new record. This recording get to the point, it is raw but its a new proof of the band ability to look deeper in their identity, sharping their music again. These four songs are both dark and energic, there is a particular feeling in them like in the hypnotic. "Persistent Inadequacy" or in the instrumental "Remedy the Unease" for which they invited Samuel Frin to play saxophone. This session was recorded by Anthony Gandon in Nantes and mixed by Jacky Spector in Brest. As usual, it comes with a great artwork by Jerome Sztuka Wojny.


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Pontus Farnerud, né le  à Helsingborg, est un ancien joueur de football suédois il évoluait au poste milieu offensif. Il est le frère aîné d'Alexander Farnerud.

International suédois, (11 sélections), il a participé à la Coupe du monde 2002 et à l'Euro 2004.

Biographie

Pontus Farnerud naît à Helsingborg et passe son enfance à Landskrona. C'est dans le club de la ville qu'il commence la pratique du football. Il fait ses débuts professionnels avec l'équipe une à l'âge de 16 ans. En , il est recruté par l'AS Monaco et fait ses débuts en Division 1 le  lors du match Monaco-Metz. Il joue 15 matches lors de la saison 1999-2000 qui voit le club de la principauté remporter le titre de champion. Lors de la saison 2003-2004, il est prêté au Racing Club de Strasbourg. Il retourne à Monaco pour la saison 2004-2005 avant de s'engager avec le RC Strasbourg à l'été 2005.

En 2006, après la relégation de Strasbourg en Ligue 2, il quitte la France et signe au Sporting Portugal. Avec le club lisboète, il remporte deux fois la Coupe du Portugal (en 2007 et 2008) et une Supercoupe du Portugal (en 2007).

En 2008, il rejoint le club norvégien de Stabæk. Dès sa première saison il remporte le championnat de Norvège. En 2012, libre de tout contrat, il retourne en Suède en s'engageant avec l'IFK Göteborg.

En , il met un terme à sa carrière en raison d'une blessure à la hanche.

En , il reprend du service avec le club amateur de Glumslövs en Division 5 (qui correspond en fait, malgré son nom, à la ).

Carrière

Palmarès

Références

Liens externes

 Profile de Pontus Farnerud sur le site officiel du Racing Club de Strasbourg

Footballeur international suédois
Joueur du Landskrona BoIS
Joueur de l'AS Monaco
Joueur du Racing Club de Strasbourg
Joueur du Sporting Clube de Portugal
Joueur du Stabæk Fotball
Joueur de l'IFK Göteborg
Naissance en juin 1980
Naissance à Helsingborg

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Scottish Fiddle CDs
Kevin Henderson - Fin Da Laand Ageen
Kevin Henderson is a founder member of the award winning Fiddlers' Bid, Kevin's debut solo album of Shetland fiddle tunes Fin Da Laand Ageen is an effortlessly beautiful masterpiece. With guitar & mandola backing by Mattias Perez of Sweden.
Kevin Henderson comes from the Shetland Islands, islands with one of the richest fiddle traditions in the world. He is in hot demand as he performs around the globe with four high-profile musical groups.
As well as being a founding member of Fiddlers' Bid , formed in 1991, he has been a member of folk music legends, Boys of the Lough, since 2002, a member of Scottish super group, Session A9 , since 2004 and recently helped to co-found the Nordic trio, The Nordic Fiddlers Bloc. He has appeared on television and radio programmes worldwide, including the BBC and Garrison Keillor's American radio program, "A Prairie Home Companion."
Of the recording Kevin said "I have been wanting to make an album of purely traditional Shetland fiddle music for quite a while now as its something that isn't really being done at the moment. I am finding the older I get it's the music I am always coming back to and also playing more and more. I love delving into the fantastic archive collections and listening to the old guys. It's something that gives me so much pleasure. I love Mattias's playing and feel it really sits well with the traditional Shetland tunes so was delighted to have him on board for the project".
If you like fiddle music you can check out our Scottish Fiddle CD collection and you may also find them used in lots of Scottish Country Dance CDs, or Scottish Ceilidh Dance CDs.
Scots music, traditional music, fiddling music.


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It is difficult to discern who exactly the intended audience is for My Pearl Harbor Scrapbook: A Nostalgic Collection of Memories written by Bess Taubman and Ernest Arroyo. The book, which contains text, primary source documents, pictures, and other realia, can be read and enjoyed by a multi-generational audience.
One thing is clear: the sheer wealth of information contained within is staggering. For some, it may almost be too staggering; the amount of visual and written information on each page is crowded like a real-life scrapbook, which this book is intended to mirror.
As a collection of primary source documents, it is truly a treasure trove. The primary sources are varied, too: there are newspaper headings and articles from the time period, pictures, memoranda, telegrams, and pictures of artifacts like compasses, medals, or airplane models.
On or next to many of those primary sources, words are circled in red, losses are underlined, and commentary is given– most of which is presented in an "old-timey" sepia tone. This might make it difficult for students to discern between the commentary of the "narrator" or "scrap-booker" and the primary sources themselves. This would likely only be an issue with younger students and could be addressed.
Some things, like telegrams and the original draft of Roosevelt's "a date that will live in infamy" speech (it is date, not day) with cross-outs and revisions, are incredibly interesting (did you know that the infamous day was going to originally be "a date that will live in world history"?).
There is also a page of primary source posters all with the theme "Remember Pearl Harbor," and more information and pictures about battleships and aircraft than you may ever have wanted. For any reader, at any level, this book can augment understanding about the events of December 7, 1941.
This scrapbook seems to cover EVERYTHING about Pearl Harbor; each precious detail chosen and placed; one could read this book over and over and each time discover something new about it. Or conversely, if you are of a more simplistic design bent, reading this text may feel like swimming in details.
The "Nostalgic Collection of Memories" doesn't have all the personal touches that one might expect from the scrapbook model. The end has some first-person quotations that bring more individual experience into the spread of facts and pictures. Additionally, Taubman seemed to make the choice to limit coverage of the Internment Camps, the addition of which might have added some more complexity to the narrative.
While the narrator of the scrapbook seems largely to be absent – there are no first person comments, musings, or connections made – the reader can infer that the attack on Pearl Harbor, in its infamy, is very important to Taubman and Arroyo. This scrapbook can bring the realia and primary sources of Pearl Harbor to a new generation of students, can deepen the understanding of an event learned already, or can even allow an elderly reader to relive an event already experienced.
Jody Passanisi is an eighth grade U.S. History teacher at an independent school in the Los Angeles area. She earned her teaching credential and an M.S. in education from Mount St. Mary's College and an M.A. in religious studies from the Graduate Theological Union. She blogs for MiddleWeb at Future of History and tweets with Shara Peters @21centuryteachr.


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We have been learning how to write 5 sentence paragraphs. When I introduce this, I give the students a "picture clue plan sheet" (to help those students who get stumped coming up with something to write).
Here is a picture of one of our plan sheets and student samples of that writing. (My students know that they have to start with the topic sentence and then the remaining 4 sentences can be written in any order they want. As they write each sentence, they put a check in the box.) FYI: the student writings are written on some old computer paper our school had left over. We have boxes and boxes of the stuff and it is great for writing.
If you would like a copy of some of the plan sheets we use, then you can grab yourself a copy below. As students get pretty familiar with this, I try to wean them away from using picture clues and give them a blank plan sheet and have them write in whatever topic I give them and let them draw or write in the boxes what they are going to write about. That is why there is also a blank copy of the plan sheet included.
If you decide to download and use the plan sheets, please leave me a comment and tell me what you think and I would love to know if they worked in your classroom.
This is pretty much brilliant! Thank you so much! I'll be using this in my classroom this week and sharing your idea with my grade level colleagues in my building!
Me again. Definitely brilliant! My kiddos are writing like nobody's business this week thanks to your great planning guides! Thank you, thank you!
I've linked back to you on my blog post today.
I feel like I am a failure when it comes to teaching my students how to write! I was so excited to see this! Thank you so much for posting this.
What a great idea! I'm going to give it a try. Thank you for sharing.
While others tell me I am a great writer, I really struggle in teaching writing to my students. Isn't that odd?!?!?
Thanks for this visual. I am going to use it this week!
I am a new follower and I'm sooooo very excited about your writing pages. I can not wait to use these. Excited doesn't even begin to express my excitement. Thank you so much!
This is amazing. I have taught 1st and 4th, and now I am homeschooling my special needs son. We adopted him from foster care and he wasn't exposed to language until he was 2 1/2. Writing is difficult for him and I have been looking for picture prompts, mostly using ESL printables (even though English is his first language). Thank you thank you thank you!