text:
Q: Как сделать показ изображения в нужном боке при наведении курсора на маленькое изображение? Есть страница товара с главной картинкой, под ней еще 4 дополнительных изображений этого товара.
http://gyazo.com/26352bead9807866c8abb56b5c3b366e.png - пример

Нужно сделать так, чтобы при наведении курсора на маленькое изображение, вместо большого изображения показывалось то маленькое изображение на которое наведен курсор, а при уводе курсора с маленькой картинки все возвращалось в исходный вид.
РЕАЛИЗОВАЛ ТАК:

HTML код:
Большие изображения :

картинка большая

картинка большая

картинка большая

Маленькие изображения :

картинка

картинка

картинка

A: Есть множество вариантов...
Во первых разделить изображение на части.
У вас сейчас в одной картике показывается и большой вариант и 4 разных превьюшки.
Сделать что то вида
_______________________________________
|                                     |
|                                     |
|                                     |
|             main image              |
|                                     |
|                                     |
|_____________________________________|
|         |       |         |         |
|   1     |   2   |   3     |    4    |
|_________|_______|_________|_________|

Далее есть много путей:

*

*При наведении на блоки 1,2,3,4 менять изображение  main image. Допустим у вас будет сразу 4 div элемента с 1 изображением в каждом. эти 4 div находятся друг под другом и виден только один из них, при наведении на разные блоки 1,2,3,4 видимый div сменяется (т.е. одному присваивается hiiden, у другого убирается это свойство).

*На ебее например идет аякс подгрузка изображения при наведении на уменьшенное изображение. и меняется атрибут src.

*
Чтобы было совсем быстро - можно слепить main image в виде

|                 |                 |                  |               |
|     Большая     |     Большая     |     Большая      |     Большая   |
|    картинка     |    картинка     |    картинка      |    картинка   |
|        1        |        2        |        3         |       4       |
|  изображения    |  изображения    |  изображения     |  изображения  |
|_________________|_________________|__________________|_______________|

показывать только часть этой картинки, допустим общая ширина 400пикселей, тогда ширина показываемого участка 100 пикселей (overflow : hidden)
При наведении на блок 1,2,3,4 менять показываемую часть изображения.
Минус в том, что такие картинки придется обрабатывать руками, так что рекомендую остановиться на первых вариантах.
A: Один из многочисленных возможных способов:
При наведении (mouseover) на маленькую картинку копировать ее через jquery .clone(). Скрывать главную картинку (.hide()). Вставлять (.append()) копию рядом с главной картинкой. При необходимости расширить ее до нужных размеров.
При уводе курсора с картинки (mouseout) удалять (.remove()) вставленную картинку-копию. Показывать главную картинку (.show()).


text:
2nd HAND UNIFORM
We are immensley proud of the quality of the teaching staff within the school, all of whom have a professional and passionate approach to teaching and a great rapport with the students, encouraging them to achieve the best possible results with their dancing.
GEORGINA KETTEMAN - Principal - A.I.D.T.A., iD-Dance, B.A(Hons)
BALLET - TAP - MODERN - CONTEMPORARY - STREET - ACRO
Georgie found her love for dance at the age of three after starting at Maggie Monk
School of Dancing. Here she learnt Ballet, Tap, Modern and Street. She also attended
the Sylvia Young's Theatre School where she studied Street Dance, Singing and Drama.
Georgie has appeared in a number of pantomimes and dance shows, including
performances with the Ballet Russe. She has also been a presenter on Barbie FM and
danced alongside Blue, as well as opening the show at the Disney Chanel Kids Awards
in Docklands Arena. Georgie also danced in the Opening Ceremony of the London 2012
Olympic Games as part of the Thanks Tim cast.
In 2010, she went on to pursue her studies in Dance at The University of Leeds. Here she choreographed and performed in a number of productions as well as being elected the Leeds University Union Dance Representative. Having achieved a first degree in her university studie, Georgie returned home to further her passion for dance by pursuing a career in teaching. She has since completed her Associate teaching qualification with the IDTA, achieving the highest grade of Distinction.
She has experience teaching at a number of dance and theatre schools throughout Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire and took over as Principal at Maggie Monk in 2017.
FIONA KEAR - A.I.D.T.A
BALLET - TAP - MODERN
Fiona trained at the Arts Educational Schools in Tring and London and then went on to dance in shows all over the country. Fiona starred at the London Palladium with The Two Ronnies before travelling to Australia with them as their dance captain. Whilst there, she also performed in many television shows, including a Royal Command performance for the Queen and a Royal Variety performance for Prince Charles.
After returning home, she spent another season with the Two Ronnies at the Palladium and then straight into three years in Singin in the Rain in the West End before coming to teach at Maggie Monk School of Dancing in 1999 and acheiving her teaching qualification with the International Dance Teachers Association.
EMILY BALE - A.I.D.T.A
BALLET - MODERN - TAP - CONTEMPORARY
Emily started dancing at Maggie Monk School of Dancing when just 5 years old and
through her training here studied ballet, tap, modern, street and contemporary. Emily
then went on to study dance at Amersham and Wycombe College where she also
trained in musical theatre, singing and commercial dance. Over the years she has performed in many local pantomimes, with the Ballet Russe and at the half time show for Saracens rugby at Wembley stadium. Additionally, Emily has been an extra in a BBC drama, furthering her performing arts career.
She has recently completed her ballet and Tap associate exams to become a fully I.D.T.A qualified teacher and is currently studying at Middlesex University completing a degree in Dance Performance.
LUCIA CARUSO
Lucia began her studies of Classical Ballet, Jazz and Folk Dances in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
and soon joined Los Romeros, a professional Flamenco dance company. She also
performed as Flamenco dancer in a feature film and on Globo TV. In 1990, Lucia went
to Cuba and was invited by the Ballet Nacional de Cuba to study and teach at the Gran
Teatro de La Habana, as well as to create and present one choreographic work of her
own. She then moved to Italy for a two-year stay in Udine, Venice, working as dance
teacher and choreographer at La Scuola di Danza Classica e Moderna Ceron. Her
constant quest for professional development and artistic achievement led her to
Madrid and Sevilla, in Spain for a couple years, where she furthered her studies and
honed her skills with great Flamenco masters, such as Merche Esmeralda, Eva La Hyerbabuena, Adrian Galia, Domingo Ortega, Yolanda Heredia, Rafaela Carrasco, among others.
Returning to Brazil in 1994, Lucia worked as Flamenco dance teacher in São Paulo at Ballet Cisne Negro. She also established her own Flamenco dance company in Piracicaba, directing and choreographing several stage presentations, and successfully took part in various major dance competitions around the country.
In 2005, she moved to London and has presented various Flamenco workshops at renowned venues, as The Place, Millennium Dance 2000, Sampled Festival and Sadler's Wells, to both adults and youth groups. Between 2009 and 2014, Lucia joined Kingston University's Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and delivered the Module "From Street to Stage", teaching Flamenco dance steps and the history of how this traditional dance has evolved from underground cultural expression to mainstream show business. Lucia was invited by Jason Piper, Director of Dance and Drama Studies to participate in his film Dali's Dreams, playing the part of Dali's muse Gala. Well-known in her genre, Lucia was brought into Strictly Come Dancing, in November 2012, to inject passion into Fern Britton's Paso Doble with Artem Chigvintsev.
Lucia is currently teaching Flamenco dance at Danceworks and Castanets classes at Claremont Project.
KATIE DON-HUGHES
DRAMA - MUSICAL THEATRE
Katie Don-Hughes trained at The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA) and
then went on to continue her training at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in
New York. Her theatre credits include: Oliver (London Palladium), Sound of Music
(Wycombe Swan), Me and my girl (Wycombe Swan), Brezhnev's Children (Battersea Arts
Centre), Cinderella (Proper Pantomime Company), Aladdin (Proper Pantomime Company),
Zac and Zara's Cyberspace Adventure (Perform), Hey Baby (UK Tour), Beauty and the Beast
(Creation Theatre Company), Othello (Lauderdale House), The Hound of the Baskervilles
(Veni Vidi Theatre Company). Her television credits include: Magic With Everything
(Tetra Films), Hope and Glory (BBC Television).
Her film credits include: Don't let him in (Coldwood Productions).
She currently performs with 3 vocal groups: The Estrellas, The Polka Dots and The Disco Divas.
JASMIN HANCHANT
BALLET - TAP - MODERN - STREET
Jasmin started dancing at Maggie Monk when she was 4 years old and during her
time with us she has trained in many styles. These include ballet, tap, modern,
street, contemporary and acro. She recently has finished her Level 3 extended diploma
in Dance at Amersham & Wycombe College. Throughout her time there she perfected many of her previously learnt styles whilst training in new ones such as commercial and musical theatre. Jasmin has also completed many high level IDTA exams progressing her as a dancer helping her teaching career. She is currently studying for her first teaching qualification with the IDTA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Areas Of Law/Services
History Of The Firm
This site is operated by Pendrigh Makin of Old Wheel House, 31-37 Church Street, Reigate, Surrey, RH2 0AD.
You can contact us by email at legal@pendrighmakin.com
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We are authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority as solicitors and our SRA number is 509875. Details of the SRA rules and principles of professional conduct, which we are subject to, can be found on the Solicitors Regulation Authority's website at www.sra.org.uk/code-of-conduct.page
This website is not intended to offer legal advice and you should not act upon any of its content without taking specific advice. Where this website contains links to other websites and to material contained on other websites, Pendrigh Makin is not responsible for the content of such websites and disclaims all liability in respect of such content.
The copyright and database rights in all content included on this site are owned by us.
If you would like legal advice or have a comment to make about the website or any of its content, please do not hesitate to contact us.
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i never made hummus so i thought i would give it a try this weekend. i'm not too crazy over the stuff, since it sometimes can be a little bland tasting. once i made this recipe, i instantly fell in love with it. i got the recipe off Engine 2's website. the great thing about this recipe is that it doesn't have any oil and it still taste delicious. the generous amount of garlic makes it very yummy! i made it and quickly made the sandwich that Rip had created on a video i watched. i'll post a photo of the sandwich at the end. here are the ingredients you'll need.
i barely had enough time to snap a photo of the sandwich that i made for my son. it has hummus, guacamole, fresh spinach and cheese. of course he now loves this sandwich and this is encouraging since all he talks about is eating bacon. my interest in making more vegan meals is scaring him!


Thanks, Will try and do a few more when I get round to it. Started a pigs in space one but never finished it.
Rotten poster. Shame on you Disney.
Thanks guys, Just done a new one, will chuck it up in a second..


text:
puppet-role
===========

Generate role for node based on fact and yaml based database

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's been a while since I've posted, so here's my link to Friday's show at Empire Room, it was fabulous!
Previous postTwo shows this weekend at Winds of the Sahara!
Next postSundays Sneak Peek…don't miss this show!


This July is the 10th anniversary of Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, and rumor has it there's a shakeup ahoof in the Evil League of Evil. A spot at the table may be opening for one of you aspiring villains out there.
Dr. Horrible's Evil League of Evil is a cooperative/competitive strategy game for 3-5 players that insists you work with others to complete evil schemes, then pits you against one another for that one seat at the table. Changing locations, managing your resources, and using your powers to devastating effect is just as important as making sure the League recognizes your accomplishments. So if your evil schemes aren't enough to get their attention, you might have to do something really drastic–like build your own super-weapon and take on Captain Hammer mano-a-hammero. Yeah that's right. He's back too, and he's sure to put his fist in your plans.
Stay tuned for more updates and events as we get closer to the Kickstarter later this year.


text:
Boyband stars to headline popular family festival this summer
Work beginning on new car park in Morpeth
Work is getting underway on the former Morpeth First School site to turn it into a car park.
By Andrew Coulson
Monday, 15th November 2021, 7:00 am
Coun John Beynon and Coun John Riddle at the Morpeth site.
Getting the site compound established and other preparatory works are taking place this week, with the actual construction activity set to start on Monday.
The construction is scheduled for around six months and involves providing a new highway access and drainage, alterations to existing ground levels within the site, diversion of a sewers and work on existing culverts, as well as construction of a new retaining wall.
It is due for completion in late spring next year.
Once complete, there will be parking for a total of 140 vehicles – including eight accessible parking bays and six electric bays.
The scheme is part of Northumberland County Council's £10million parking improvements scheme throughout the county, following detailed parking studies and action plans created for a number of market towns in conjunction with town and parish councils.
Morpeth Stobhill county councillor John Beynon said: "Extra car parking is much needed in Morpeth, especially long-stay. Hopefully, workers will be able to park there and free up space for the many visitors and shoppers to the town.
"It should also help alleviate some parking issues that are currently being encountered by some residents in Middle Greens."
Cabinet member for local services, Coun John Riddle, added: "Market towns like Morpeth need to have plenty of parking spaces for local residents who come to shop and for the many visitors that are welcomed to the town every year.
"We're pleased work is getting underway to bring this brownfield site into beneficial use as a long-stay town centre car park."
Ashington woman develops cervical cancer after test incorrectly recorded as normal


With the flick of a thumb, this Classic Top-Slider Design slides to reveal the USB port concealed inside. Its an elegant capless design.
The CTS style USB drive uses COB technology to pack high storage capacity into a very small package.
The SSP drive has sleek styling in a quality aluminum case and a side sliding button to easily open and close the drive.


This year, the expo received a major boost where brands from Taiwan known for its globally renowned ICT industry participated for the third consecutive time. Taiwan Excellence put up a dynamic show of some of its most innovative and award-winning products at the Convergence India 2019 held from January 29 – 31 at Pragati Maidan here.
Taiwan Excellence participated in Convergence India this year too to restate its commitment to support India's digital mission. This year, Taiwan Excellence revealed some of its new cutting-edge products at the expo. Avision exclusively launched their product Self-Service Copier at the expo. Also, on display were some other state-of-the-art innovations like Avision'sPaperAir 10, Edimax'sEdiGreen Air Quality Detector with PM2.5, Temperature and Humidity Sensors AI-1001W V3etc.
The exhibition also featured other prominent Taiwanese brands like BXB Electronics -- a manufacturer and exporter specializing in PA system & conference system -- Apacer, Transcend and ADATA – known for their designs, memory modules and storage hardware. ADATA and Micro-Star International -- the brands that resonate gaming experience and ASUS -- a household name in India for superior laptops -- were present too. Other prominent brands included Gigabyte -- the company that supplies some of the most trusted motherboards, graphic cards, and computer notebooks in the global market-- Thermaltake which is known for its high-end products, Aifa, Silicon Power and so on. A host of senior corporate leaders and stalwarts from leading Taiwanese brands attended Convergence India 2019.


This basket-weave fabric with micro-checks is perfect for the creation of distinctive and elegant jackets. The material is resistant and reliable, adapting perfectly to the body's movements thanks to its natural flexibility. It is also water-resistant, making it ideal for everyday wear.


text:
Prva županijska nogometna liga Splitsko-dalmatinska 2003./04.

Ljestvica

Poveznice
 1. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska
 2. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska 2003./04.

Izvori

 nk-oskotok.bloger.index.hr - OSK Otok, Sezone OSK-a kroz povijest (Hrvatska) , pristupljeno 8. listopada 2017.

2003-04
splitsko-dalmatinska-1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: What's a good development environment for Perl? I develop applications using PHP or Java and will study Perl for the first time.
For PHP and Java, there are integrated development environments such as Eclipse, and debugging environment was regulated well, but, in the case of Perl, what kind of development environment do people use?
Is there a recommended IDE?
I would prefer a free debugging environment.

A: If you're already familiar with debugging in Eclipse, then the EPIC plugin is exactly what you're looking for.
It's got stepped debugging within the Debug perspective, like with other languages in Eclipse. It's not as strong as the Java support, but it's got an easier learning curve than e.g. "perl -d" (the 'standard' way to debug Perl), or even learning a new editor like Emacs, with its Perl debugging integration.

A: What I use -- and what I've gotten the impression that most other serious Perl developers use -- is a good text editor. The only "integration" I have is via user-defined tools. For Perl, that's these:
perl -Mstrict -cw <file>  # Perl "lint"
perl <file>               # run file
perl -d <file>            # run file in debugger

I have others for checking files in/out of version control, browsing history, etc. A good configurable editor (I'm partial to UltraEdit) will allow you to build your own environment using the tools you want instead of foisting an all-encompassing solution on you.

A: Komodo Edit is a free editor from Active State, probably not as feature rich as the full IDE but I find it very useful for Perl development, and it supports multiple languages.

A: You didn't specify which platform you're on, but on the Macintosh, TextMate is a very popular choice for Perl development. It's completely replaced Vim for me, and while it's not a full IDE, it's got alot of neat integrations in bundles specially targeted towards Perl development.

A: As Sinan stated, there are some IDEs for Perl. Padre is worth a mention. It is being actively developed by the Perl community.

A: From perlfaq3: Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, where it looks much nicer.
If the Padre people want their stuff in here, just add the right bits. The source lives in my perlfaq github repo. You can fork it, edit the file right in GitHub, and send me a pull request.

Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Perl programs are just plain text, so any editor will do.
If you're on Unix, you already have an IDE--Unix itself.  The Unix
philosophy is the philosophy of several small tools that each do one
thing and do it well.  It's like a carpenter's toolbox.
If you want an IDE, check the following (in alphabetical order, not
order of preference):
Eclipse

    The Eclipse Perl Integration Project integrates Perl
    editing/debugging with Eclipse.

Enginsite

    Perl Editor by EngInSite is a complete integrated development
    environment (IDE) for creating, testing, and  debugging  Perl
    scripts; the tool runs on Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP or later.

Komodo

    ActiveState's cross-platform (as of October 2004, that's Windows,
    Linux, and Solaris), multi-language IDE has Perl support, including
    a regular expression debugger and remote debugging.

Open Perl IDE

    Open Perl IDE is an integrated development environment for writing
    and debugging Perl scripts with ActiveState's ActivePerl
    distribution under Windows 95/98/NT/2000.

OptiPerl

    OptiPerl is a Windows IDE with simulated CGI environment, including
    debugger and syntax highlighting editor.

PerlBuilder

    PerlBuidler is an integrated development environment for Windows
    that supports Perl development.

visiPerl+

    From Help Consulting, for Windows.

Visual Perl

    Visual Perl is a Visual Studio.NET plug-in from ActiveState.

Zeus

    Zeus for Window is another Win32 multi-language editor/IDE that
    comes with support for Perl

For editors: if you're on Unix you probably have vi or a vi clone
already, and possibly an Emacs too, so you may not need to download
anything. In any Emacs, the cperl-mode (M-x cperl-mode) gives you
perhaps the best available Perl editing mode in any editor.
If you are using Windows, you can use any editor that lets you work
with plain text, such as NotePad or WordPad.  Word processors, such as
Microsoft Word or WordPerfect, typically do not work since they insert
all sorts of behind-the-scenes information, although some allow you to
save files as "Text Only". You can also download text editors designed
specifically for programming, such as Textpad
and UltraEdit, among others.
If you are using Mac OS, the same concerns apply.  MacPerl (for Classic
environments) comes with a simple editor. Popular external editors are
BBEdit or Alpha. Mac OS X users can use Unix editors as well.
GNU Emacs
MicroEMACS
XEmacs
Jed
or a vi clone such as
Elvis FTP, WWW
Vile
Vim
For vi lovers in general, Windows or elsewhere: vi
nvi (available from CPAN in src/misc/) is
yet another vi clone, unfortunately not available for Windows, but in
Unix platforms you might be interested in trying it out, firstly
because strictly speaking it is not a vi clone, it is the real vi, or
the new incarnation of it, and secondly because you can embed Perl
inside it to use Perl as the scripting language.  nvi is not alone in
this, though: at least also vim and vile offer an embedded Perl.
The following are Win32 multilanguage editor/IDESs that support Perl:
Codewright
MultiEdit
SlickEdit
There is also a toyedit Text widget based editor written in Perl that
is distributed with the Tk module on CPAN.  The ptkdb is a Perl/tk based debugger that acts
as a development environment of sorts.  Perl Composer is an IDE for Perl/Tk GUI
creation.
In addition to an editor/IDE you might be interested in a more powerful
shell environment for Win32.  Your options include
Bash from the Cygwin package
Ksh from the MKS Toolkit, or the Bourne shell
of the U/WIN environment
Tcsh, see also Using csh & tcsh
Zsh
MKS and U/WIN are commercial (U/WIN is free for educational and
research purposes), Cygwin is covered by the GNU Public License (but
that shouldn't matter for Perl use).  The Cygwin, MKS, and U/WIN all
contain (in addition to the shells) a comprehensive set of standard
UNIX toolkit utilities.
If you're transferring text files between Unix and Windows using FTP be
sure to transfer them in ASCII mode so the ends of lines are
appropriately converted.
On Mac OS the MacPerl Application comes with a simple 32k text editor
that behaves like a rudimentary IDE.  In contrast to the MacPerl
Application the MPW Perl tool can make use o Shell f the MPW itself as
an editor (with no 32k limit).
Affrus is a full Perl development environment with full debugger support.
Alpha is an editor, written and extensible in Tcl, that nonetheless has built in support for several popular markup and programming
languages including Perl and HTML.
BBEdit and BBEdit Lite are text editors for Mac OS that have a Perl sensitivity mode.
Pepper and Pe are programming language sensitive text editors for Mac
OS X and BeOS respectively.

A: Perl has very good debugging support. Read perldoc perldebug for details.
There are a bunch of IDEs such as ActiveState's Komodo, EPIC etc but I prefer to combine GVim (see also .vimrc for Perl programmers) with the command line. Others prefer Emacs.

A: Padre is getting better, but it's currently not quite up there with Komodo or EPIC.
That said, it is comparable with Ultraedit or Notepad++ at this point, less than a year after the first line of code was written.
With about 30 people actively committing, 35-40 plugins either released or in development, and translations in 20 languages, it is also moving ahead incredibly quickly.
So right now, I agree that EPIC is probably the way to go, since you've used Eclipse already.
But by this time next year it's probably going to be a different story.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
(undulant fever, Bang's disease)
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that may affect various organs of the body, producing a wide variety of signs and symptoms such as intermittent fever of variable duration, headache, weakness, swollen lymph nodes, profuse sweating, chills, weight loss and generalized aching. Brucellosis can also cause infection and inflammation of the bone, testicles, and the lining of the heart.
The disease is generally transmitted from infected animals (cattle, goats, pigs, and dogs) to humans and occurs more commonly outside the USA and Canada. Wisconsin averages only about one to two cases per year. Although everyone is susceptible and may get the disease if exposed to the Brucella bacteria, brucellosis occurs most commonly in people who work with livestock or in slaughterhouses, or who consume unpasteurized dairy products. The consumption of raw milk cheese from Mexico is a well-recognized risk factor. Occasionally, persons who work in bacteriology laboratories can get exposed to the bacteria.
Information on this page has been organized into two categories. Please choose one of the following.
Additional Info Group
Brucellosis fact sheet, P-42033
Canine Brucellosis, P-00614 (PDF) Questions and Answers for Dog Owners
Canine Brucellosis and Human Health, P-00614A (PDF) Questions and Answers for Veterinarians
This is a Wisconsin disease surveillance category II disease:
Report to the patient's local public health department electronically, through the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS), by mail or fax using an; Acute and Communicable Disease case report, F-44151 (Word, 166 KB) or by other means within 72 hours upon recognition of a case.
Information on communicable disease reporting
Wisconsin case reporting and public health follow-up guidelines:
Case Reporting and Investigation Protocol (EpiNet): P-01902 Brucellosis (PDF)
Brucellosis Case Report Form - CDC
Wisconsin Local Health Departments and Tribal Health Centers


Bring on the romance and the rejection. Buffy's love life is finally entering the story fold on Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 1 Episode 5!
When we're talking about common themes in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, we can't forget romance.
Before we even tackle anything about date night, what was with the vampire in the opening scene?
I mentioned this in the rewatch for Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 1 Episode 1, but I'm happy the vampire makeup improved. The design here was terrible!
His face was contorted, the features were too strong, and the large teeth...I can't even. The fact he was a quick kill vampire shouldn't be the reason to skimp out on design.
I get why Buffy and Cordelia were attracted to him. He had that shy, mysterious, "didn't-know-he's-cool-which-makes-him-cooler" vibe. And he doesn't try too hard.
I understand why Buffy likes him; they're both outsiders in a way. However, my theory for Cordelia being obsessed is wanting what she can't have.
Owen barely gives Cordelia the time of day. Cordelia is Ms. Popularity and queen bee. She wants to win. She doesn't truly like him.
Buffy: Do you have any more copies on Emily Dickinson?! I need one.
Giles: Buffy, while the fact that you want to check out a book would be grounds for a national holiday, I think would we should focus on the problem at hand.
Buffy: Does this outfit make me look fat?
Permalink: Do you have any more copies on Emily Dickinson?!
Do you think Cordelia was fuming after Owen invited Buffy out the first night?
I don't think that ever happened to her before where a guy was more focused on someone else. She usually has guys wrapped around her finger. It's such a contrast to Jesse from Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 1 Episode 1.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 1 Episode 5 is the first time where it isn't easy for her.
I loved that Giles couldn't care less about dating or teenage concerns. It means nothing to him. He's more focused on the REAL problems.
In the grand scheme of living on a hellmouth, date night with Owen is probably at the bottom of the list. And he's right to some extent. But...guys! Love life! Normalcy!
Giles: But I assume I don't have to warn you about the hazards of becoming personally involved with someone who's unaware of your unique condition?
Buffy: Yeah, yeah. I read the back of the box.
Giles: If your identity as a Slayer is revealed, it could put you and all those around you in grave danger.
Buffy is at her height sass after the nothingness in the cemetery. Giles brought it on for making her miss her date. She's showing why her secret Slayer power is quips.
Was anyone else else upset seeing Cordelia dancing with Owen at The Bronze?
It's sad to see Buffy heartbroken. But what was with Cordelia being all...handsy? It's like she was trying to mold Owen's body like clay.
It was awkward to watch.
Let's take a second to talk about the music. The background track during the dance scene between Cordelia and Owen was perfection.
Sometimes there are songs thrown in to set the mood that don't make sense. That didn't happen here. Buffy's heartbreak combined with the track made the moment.
As terrible as it sound, this may be my favorite scene of "Never Kill a Boy on the First Date". Particularly because of the combination of shots, song and moment.
Xander: So you just went home?
Owen asking Buffy out on a real first date seemed like a given. He didn't actually do it the first time. And her not showing up probably worked a lot in her favor to push him to do so.
He's so awkward and shy. Owen needs to break out of his shell.
Him making the first move is a good start.
Everything involved with the first night and the bus attack was obviously a red-herring. It wouldn't be too easy for Buffy and Giles to stop it.
I don't blame Buffy for not believing Giles after he comes back with the news of the five deaths. Nothing happened the first time and there were no leads for the second. It's too circumstantial.
She was fine to go off on her date. But Giles should not have gone exploring on his own.
Buffy: This is the '90s. The 1990s in point and fact, and I can do both! Clark Kent has a job. I just want to go on a date.
Giles: Well, I suppose it was a fairly slim lead.
Buffy: Thank you, thank you, thank you! And look, I won't go far, okay. If the apocalypse comes, beep me.
Permalink: If the apocalypse comes, beep me.
I'm on the fence about Buffy's first real date with Owen.
Anything that could go wrong did go wrong. Angel popped up, Cordelia made her move, and Owen pulled himself into a vampire slaying at the funeral home. It's definitely a date to remember.
On the bright side they did hit it off. Buffy was having a good date at The Bronze. You know, before it went bad.
Cordelia: Owen! Look at you here, all alone.
Owen: Cordelia, I'm here with Buffy.
Cordelia: Oh, okay. You want to dance?
Owen: No...I'm still here with Buffy.
Cordelia: You are so good to help the needy.
Buffy: Cordelia, Owen and I would like to be alone right now. And for that to happen, you would have to go somewhere that's away.
Cordelia: Well, when you're ready for the big leagues, let me know.
Permalink: Well, when you're ready for the big leagues, let me know.
Why were only two people from the shuttle attack turned into vampires? I never understood this before, and the rewatch brought it up again.
We had The Anointed One (more on that below) and the religious creep. And yet everyone else just died? This never sat right with me.
Wouldn't The Master want to increase his odds by turning everyone in the attack?
He couldn't have known the child was the one. Giles's, and The Master's, prophecy outlined everything, which is one of the reasons why Giles was worried to stop vampires from rising.
This was a confusing plothole.
Would Owen have died in Buffy's world? I'm not so sure.
Don't get me wrong, he was hooked on the thrill of it as this was new to him. However, he seemed like an easygoing person. If Buffy cautioned him, he would've calmed down.
Buffy's reasoning for using Willow and Xander as examples didn't make sense. They were innocent humans at first who needed to be brought into the fold after seeing vampires. And they did make mistakes even when knowing the truth.
Though, Owen being more interested in the danger than Buffy herself was reason enough to end things. She is more special than any adventure. Boy, bye!
I've never been a big fan of The Anointed One.
What was his purpose? What did he do? Nothing, that's what.
Sure, he had an important moment with a prophecy later on in Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 1. However, for the most part, it was pointless. This was a squandered enemy.
I think this could be due to the fact it was a child playing a vampire character. There's not much longevity with a supernatural villain once the actor starts aging. There's only so much you can fake with makeup.
What did you think of "Never Kill a Boy on the First Date"? Should Buffy have given Owen another chance? Did you want The Anointed One to be a child vampire?
Want to join us in rewatching Buffy the Vampire Slayer? We'll be posting new posts every Tuesday and Thursday. Come back here and share your thoughts.
And there will be a time of crisis, of worlds hanging in the balance, and in this time shall come..."The Anointed." The Master's great warrior. And the Slayer will not know him, will not stop him, and he will lead her into hell. As it is written, so shall it be.


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Palestinian PM Rami Al-Hamdallah, govt resign
Ramallah (Web Desk): Palestinian Prime Minister Rami Al-Hamdallah has tendered his resignation, just days after Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas announced plans to form a new government.
In a statement on Tuesday, PA spokesperson Yusuf Al-Mahmoud said that "the prime minister and his ministers welcome [Fatah, the Palestinian faction which dominates the PA]'s decision to form a new government," adding that: "Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah has placed his government at the disposal of the President of the Authority [Abbas]."
Hamdallah confirmed the statement in a tweet, writing that: "We put our government at the disposal of President Mahmoud Abbas and we welcome the recommendations of the Fatah Central Committee to form a new government."
Tagged palestinian rami hamdallah resign neo tv
Taliban attack: Afghan defence minister, army chief resign
12:02 PM, 24 Apr, 2017
Pakistan condemns Indian CDS General Rawat's remarks about Kashmir, ...


No more fooling around, we're back to chattin' 'bout the Who. This here episode is one of those what-it-says-on-the-tin types. You didn't really think I was going to come up with a more clever title? And give up all of that wonderful alliteration? In case you are not yet familiar with the series seven trailer, mash this jumble of symbols to access it: http://youtu.be/P8YLb4Z4jU0, then tune your audio machine to our latest podcast!
Musical breaks this week are the theme to Dave Allen at Large and "Swing Over" by Barbara Moore. If you can tell me what these two songs have in common, I'll whip up a prize for you. Maybe a Donna Noble action figure or something.
This entry was posted in Podcasts and tagged Doctor Who, Podcast, series 7, trailer. Bookmark the permalink.


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Tropical meteorology
Revision as of 17:08, 25 April 2012 by imported>Perlwikibot
The study of the tropical atmosphere.
The dividing lines, in each hemisphere, between the tropical easterlies and the midlatitude westerlies in the middle troposphere roughly define the poleward boundaries of this region. Whereas many circulation systems in middle and high latitudes are nearly adiabatic and quasigeostrophic, tropical systems are often strongly influenced by cumulus convection and surface heating, and can be less often dealt with using quasigeostrophic techniques. Many tropical circulations are driven or strongly influenced by coupling with the ocean. Examples of important tropical systems include the Hadley and Walker circulations, monsoons, tropical cyclones, the Madden–Julian oscillation, easterly waves, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The stratospheric circulation is dominated by the quasi-biennial oscillation and also contains the ascent branch of the Dobson circulation. Although tropical meteorology may be said to be a distinct endeavor, there are strong interactions between tropical and extratropical circulation systems.
Copyright 2022 American Meteorological Society (AMS). For permission to reuse any portion of this work, please contact permissions@ametsoc.org. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S. Code § 107) or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S.Copyright Act (17 USC § 108) does not require AMS's permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, require written permission or a license from AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement.
Retrieved from "https://glossary.ametsoc.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_meteorology&oldid=4261"
Terms T


Payday Loans in Saint Thomas (Cole County) MO - How to Get a Payday Loan in Saint Thomas?
By the way, if you have a bad credit history, but need a payday loan in Saint Thomas? Do not be nervous, we can approve borrowers with bad credit history.


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Distractions: The Future isn't what it used to be
Posted 10th Jul 2019 at 07:52 by ihtezaz anwar
Innovation, revolution and the future of entertainment
In Manchester. 20 July 2019.
Tech. Music. Creativity. Summit & Showcase.
Distractions at MIF 2019
The future isn't what it used to be.
Technology changes everything. Where and what we listen to. Who and when we watch. How we create, play and consume. Online, offline, all day, and keeping us up at night – in a world of streaming, sharing and augmented realities, our entertainment experiences are almost entirely shaped by technology. But in this brave new world of recreational tech, who is in control? Makers or players? Artists or consumers? Platforms or publishers? And in this world – are we too digitally distracted to care?
Distractions is a three-day summit in Manchester that debates the future of entertainment – a long weekend of debates, talks, panels, content and new music showcases with some of the world's leading tech companies, artists and producers.
Presented by Manchester International Festival, Sound City and FutureEverything, developed by the Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham and Greater Manchester Combined Authority, with the support of Peter Saville, Rose Marley and Modern Designers. The recreational future starts here.
Manchester International Festival's Distractions day is the third of our Interdependence series, Life Hacked, where we will explore how science and technology enable us to reconfigure our minds, bodies and relationships with each other and the world around us.
Taking inspiration from key commissions and events at this year's Manchester International Festival (MIF19, 4-21 July) productions, we'll hear from world-class artists and futurists visualising new worlds and the thinkers tackling the big ideas. Featuring demos alongside debate, this event forms part of Interdependence, MIF19's ideas programme.
Contributors include, games director and animator Paloma Dawkins; Claire L Evans, writer, musician and the author of Broad Band: The Untold History of the Women Who Made the Internet; pioneering computer scientist Dame Wendy Hall; Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, artist and creator of Atmospheric Memory; media artist Refik Anadol; experience design studio Marshmallow Laser Feast; Ash Sarkar, Senior Editor at Novara Media; and TEM, creative studio for Skepta's DYSTOPIA987, which has its world premiere at MIF19.
In their third and final Interdependence summit, presented as part of MIF19 and Distractions, they take inspiration from DYSTOPIA987 and tmospheric Memory to explore how science and technology are enabling us to reconfigure our minds, bodies and relationships with each other and the world around us. We'll be hearing from the artists and futurists visualising new worlds, and the thinkers tackling the big ideas – and there'll be interactive demonstrations throughout the day hosted by the Royal Shakespeare Company and Magic Leap, Vrai Pictures and TEM.
Morning session – 10am–1pm
In the morning session, we'll be hearing from contributors such as: Refik Anadol, media artist, director and pioneer in the aesthetics of machine intelligence Aaron Bastani, co-founder of Novara Media and author of Fully Automated Luxury Communism Jessica Brillhart, director and founder of mixed reality studio Vrai Pictures Paloma Dawkins, cartoonist, world builder and the creator of Songs of the Lost for MIF19 Todd Eckert, founder of mixed reality studio Tin Drum Dan Hett, digital artist and game designer Dan McQuillan, Lecturer in Creative & Social Computing at Goldsmiths College, University of London Hardeep Pandhal, artist and creator of the Interdependence artist commission for MIF19 Dr Subramanian Ramamoorthy, VP of Prediction & Motion Planning at FiveAI and Associate Professor of University of Edinburgh's School of Informatics Anna Ridler, artist and researcher working with AI, machine learning and self-generated data sets TEM, creative studio for Skepta's DYSTOPIA987 at MIF19
Afternoon session – 2–5pm
In the afternoon session (2–5), speakers will include: Claire L Evans, writer, musician and the author of Broad Band: The Untold History of the Women Who Made the Internet Dame Wendy Hall, DBE, FRS, FREng, Regius Professor of Computer Science, Pro Vice-Chancellor (International Engagement) and an Executive Director of the Web Science Institute at the University of Southampton  Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, artist and creator of Atmospheric Memory at MIF19 Marshmallow Laser Feast, immersive experience studio Julian Oliver, critical engineer and artist Professor Verena Rieser, Professor in Conversational Artificial Intelligence at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh  Vivien Sansour, artist and founder of the Palestine Heirloom Seed Library Professor Sophie Scott, Deputy Director and Head of the Speech Communications Group at UCL's Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Jakob Kudsk Steensen, interactive and digital artist Produced by Manchester International Festival in association with HOME.
Find out what else is on during Distractions and book tickets here.
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FootAsylum expands business at The Sharp Project


Public sector workers are taking part in strikes all over the UK today.
The strikes, due to last 24 hours, are over pension disputes with the government.
According to Union leaders up to 400,000 people will be taking part in the strikes.


On 4 October 2000 the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the State Secretary for Foreign Affairs asked the Advisory Council on International Affairs (AIV) to produce an advisory report on the relationship between subnational authorities and the European Union. The full text of the request for advice is reproduced in Annexe I.
In preparation for the report, the Advisory Council forwarded this request to one of its four permanent committees, the European Integration Committee (CEI). The members of the CEI are: Prof. F.H.J.J. Andriessen (chair), Dr B. Knapen (deputy chair), H.J. Brouwer, W.S.J.M. Buck, A.E.J.M. Cook-Schaapveld, P. Dankert, N. Kroes, H.C. Posthumus Meyjes, Prof. J.Q.T. Rood, P. Scheffer, W.K.N. Schmelzer, Prof. A. Szász, M.G. Wezenbeek-Geuke and Prof. J.W. de Zwaan. In drawing up the report the CEI was assisted by its official advisors R.C.J.M. van Schreven and J.A. Werner (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). The secretary was M.M.J. Louwerens (secretary of the CEI). The staff were assisted in drawing up the report by A.S. Brinks and M. de Lange (AIV trainees). At its meeting on 26 February 2001, the AIV discussed this report and agreed on the procedure leading to its adoption on 19 April 2001.
During the preparation of this report, the following five experts on Europe and subnational authorities shared their knowledge and information with the CEI: Prof. M.C. Brands (Germany Institute, University of Amsterdam), W.T. van Gelder (Queen's Commissioner in the Province of Zeeland and member of the Netherlands delegation to the Committee of the Regions), Prof. B. Hessel (University of Utrecht), Dr B. Hoetjes (University of Maastricht and Clingendael Institute) and Prof. J.T.J. van den Berg of the Association of Netherlands Municipalties (VNG). Further information was obtained from Frank Hilterman of the VNG. The AIV is extremely grateful to all concerned for their willingness to discuss their views and knowledge with the members of the CEI.
H.C. Posthumus Meyjes and the secretary of the CEI attended the five-day conference on 'A Europe of the Regions' held at Wilton Park, Sussex, in 2000.
The AIV considers the relationship between subnational authorities and the European Union (EU) to be a very important issue - firstly because regionalism in a number of Member States has led to institutional changes within the European Union aimed at strengthening the influence and position of subnational authorities, and secondly because the relationship between the various tiers of government is changing as a result of the continuing extension and growing importance of European legislation that affects subnational authorities. It seems likely that subnational authorities will come to play a more significant role within the European Union. Moreover, this issue has been on the EU agenda since the end of the Nice IGC in December 2000. Part of the debate on the final goal and the constitutional arrangements of the European Union concerns the delimitation of powers, and this topic will be on the agenda of the IGC planned for 2004. Finally, the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union will ultimately increase the number of Member States to more than thirty, and this too will affect the relationship between subnational authorities and the EU.
Before the government's questions can be answered, the meaning of the term 'subnational authorities' needs to be clarified. Attempts can be made to define it from a number of different angles (administrative, sociological, etc.). However, whichever angle is adopted, it is impossible to arrive at an unambiguous definition.
This advisory report concerns the relationship between the European Union, the Member States and subnational authorities. For the purposes of this report, the AIV has therefore opted for the administrative definition - namely, all tiers of government below national level. Though admittedly rather broad, this definition comes closest to the reality of a Europe with a multi-tiered, diverse administrative structure. A term that can be used to describe various tiers of government operating as part of an administrative network is 'multi-level governance'. In terms of 'administrative weight', the German and Austrian states (Länder) and the Belgian regions (with powers which in other countries are exercised at national level) are at one end of the spectrum, and subnational authorities with less extensive powers (such as the provinces in the Netherlands, and smaller local authorities in all the Member States) are at the other. Clearly, there is a considerable amount of variation in between these two extremes.
future EU policy that will have an impact at subnational level (this mainly concerns third-pillar issues which have not yet been transferred to the first pillar, such as cooperation on criminal law and police matters).
The structure of this advisory report is as follows. Chapter I ('A diverse Europe') outlines how the relationship between subnational authorities, national governments and the European Union has evolved so far. In this chapter the AIV also suggests some possible ways in which the role of subnational authorities could develop. Chapter II ('Institutional basis') describes how the role of subnational authorities is institutionally regulated at both European and national level as of 2001. Developments in this country are set out in Chapter III ('The situation in the Netherlands'). In Chapter IV ('Conclusions and recommendations') the AIV provides an overall appraisal of the questions raised in the original request, and discusses possible ways of strengthening the subnational authorities' institutional basis. The report concludes with Chapter V ('Summary').
the implications of the forthcoming enlargement of the EU.
reduction of the democratic deficit and greater involvement of European citizens.
1 AIV Advisory Report No. 12, January 2000, "The IGC 2000 and beyond: towards a European Union of thirty Member States".
This advisory report concerns the desired relationship between the European Union, Member States and subnational authorities (all tiers of government below national level), which are extremely diverse.
The relationship between the various tiers of government is constantly changing. National governments have become just some of the many players in a multi-tiered structure in which EU, national and subnational powers coexist.
The importance of subnational authorities is increasing (a) because of the trend towards decentralisation in a number of Member States, and (b) as a response to globalisation and Europeanisation. Another important factor is 'regionalism': the call by subnational authorities for a stronger and possibly more autonomous position in relation to their national governments.
The much more prominent role of subnational authorities within the European Union is also due to the fact that they are required to implement the growing body of EU legislation and are therefore increasingly affected by it. The increase has been particularly rapid since the adoption of the Single European Act, and EU policy now plays a part in almost every area of government.
Subnational authorities have responded to this in two ways. The general response has been that subnational authorities, which are responsible for implementing EU policy and for fulfilling direct and indirect EU obligations, also want to be involved in drawing up EU policy which affects them. In addition, some subnational authorities - particularly those with powers which in other countries are exercised at national level - believe that their autonomous powers are being eroded by the increasing influence of EU legislation. As a result, they are often concerned to protect their own powers.
In the 1980s and early 1990s this fear of relinquishing their powers was one of the factors that sparked a structured regionalist movement aimed at strengthening the institutional position of subnational authorities in the European Union. In general it may be said that trends such as decentralisation and regionalism are basically separate phenomena, but that they can reinforce one another if they happen to coincide.
This pressure for greater influence for subnational authorities in the European Union led to the establishment of the Committee of the Regions and the formal definition of the subsidiarity principle. However, the initiators do not appear satisfied with the results of these institutional changes. As far as can be judged at the moment, the Committee of the Regions and its advisory reports have had little impact on the European Union, mainly because the subnational authorities represented on the Committee are too diverse in terms of their powers, administrative weight and interests. In this connection, it should also be noted that the Committee's advisory reports do not always receive the attention they deserve. Nor, in the initiators' opinion, has the subsidiarity principle had the desired effect, namely that decisions are taken at the most appropriate - i.e. lowest - level, as close as possible to citizens. In general it may be said that differing interpretations of the principle have limited its applicability.
For this and other reasons, the nature of the regionalism that sprang up in the 1980s and 1990s may well change, and it may become more diverse. For example, subnational authorities may focus on strengthening their position in the domestic political arena and/or on increasing cross-border cooperation. Some subnational authorities will continue to focus on protecting their autonomous powers.
The AIV also believes that the desire on the part of subnational authorities to influence EU policy will certainly not decrease and may indeed increase. As the amount of EU legislation that subnational authorities are required to implement and are affected by continues to grow, they will understandably want to be more and more closely involved in drawing up that legislation.
In the Netherlands, as elsewhere, the central government and subnational authorities are increasingly aware of the importance of the part that subnational authorities play. In recent years, subnational authorities in the Netherlands have become more closely involved in national decision-making in areas of EU legislation that affect them.
reduction (of the democratic deficit) and greater involvement of European citizens.
The subject has also been examined in the context of the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union.
The AIV concludes that those Member States that have not already done so should give subnational authorities a greater say at the formative stage of the national decision- making process in policy areas that affect them, since their knowledge and expertise will result in better policy which can be implemented more effectively.
At the same time, the AIV has looked at whether the position of subnational authorities also requires structural improvement at EU level and, if so, whether a workable formula can be devised for this. In general, the AIV's answer to both questions is no. Firstly, subnational authorities are too diverse in structure, powers, capabilities and interests to be treated identically. Secondly, the AIV considers smoothly operating EU institutions and a transparent, efficient decision-making process of vital importance to the smooth running of the European Union. An institutionalised role for extremely diverse subnational authorities could slow down and hamper this decision-making process. With the prospect of further enlargement, the EU's decision-making process needs to become simpler and less cumbersome. Thirdly, the AIV believes that the progress of European integration depends on having administratively strong, effective national governments. Any weakening in the position of the Member States would not, in the AIV's opinion, be in the interest of further European integration.
Turning to reduction of the democratic deficit, the AIV distinguishes between policymaking and policy implementation. The AIV is in favour of policy being implemented at the lowest possible administrative level. This is because subnational authorities provide opportunities for greater democratic control of policy implementation, provided they are publicly accountable to citizens. Nevertheless, appropriate supervision of implementation is still needed at European level.
The AIV believes that the European Parliament has a key part to play in reducing the democratic deficit. The Parliament should have ultimate political control over EU policymaking. This is in line with earlier reports by the AIV in which it recommends strengthening of the European Parliament as a key component of the democratisation process.
The AIV has examined a number of ways of increasing the involvement of subnational authorities at (1) EU level and (2) national level. In the light of, inter alia, the foregoing general appraisal, the AIV has indicated in each case whether or not it recommends the approach in question.
(a) As regards the Committee of the Regions, the AIV recommends that action be taken to strengthen the Committee in its performance of the advisory tasks laid down in the Treaty, by requiring institutions to indicate to what extent the Committee's advice has been taken into account, particularly in cases where the advice has been requested by the institution in question. The AIV also recommends that the Committee be granted the right to appeal to the European Court of Justice if its prerogatives are at stake. As regards the Committee's claim that it helps to reduce the democratic deficit, the AIV feels that the Committee is not fully representative in European terms, owing to the diversity of the subnational authorities that are represented within it. The AIV believes that the European Parliament should be primarily responsible for democratic control within the European Union and should play a key part in reducing the democratic deficit. Finally, the idea of strengthening the Committee's position by limiting the diversity of the subnational authorities represented within it raises institutional and practical problems.
(b) The structure of the European Union is such that powers are assigned at various administrative levels. Indeed, this is the basic assumption underlying European integration. The question of the division of powers will be a central part of the debate on the future of the EU following the Nice IGC. However, the AIV is not in favour of a Kompetenzkatalog if it produces the results intended by the initiators, who seem mainly to want to protect their own national and subnational policymaking powers. In order to achieve this, they want the level at which powers are assigned to be determined in advance, and even want this to apply to powers that have yet to be assigned. This rigid delimitation is also intended to prevent the EU from surreptitiously arrogating new powers to itself. The AIV believes that the dynamics of European integration are based on the principle that no policy area should be excluded from EU influence in advance. Advocates of a Kompetenzkatalog would reverse this principle by denying the European Union powers over certain policy areas a priori. This could paralyse the dynamics of integration. The AIV considers the fear that the European Union may 'surreptitiously arrogate new powers to itself' unfounded, since the Treaty allows conditions to be attached when new powers are assigned to the European Union. The AIV also believes that any a priori assignment of powers to specific tiers of government may prove inconvenient, since powers shift over time and from one tier of government to another. Finally, the great diversity of constitutional arrangements would make it difficult to assign European powers in such a uniform manner.
(c) Delegation of powers to subnational authorities in cases where EU policy affects them is not, in the opinion of the AIV, a matter for the European Union, but for the Member States, which can transfer powers to subnational authorities in accordance with their own national constitutional arrangements.
(d) The subsidiarity principle, as formulated in the Treaty of Rome and further elaborated in the Maastricht Treaty, cannot be applicable to subnational authorities, since the European Union has no direct relationship with them. As regards the general subsidiarity principle, however, the AIV recommends that policy be implemented at the lowest possible administrative level in order to increase citizens' sense of involvement and reduce the democratic deficit.
(a) representatives of subnational authorities be included in the official consultation structure when determining the national position on EU legislation that affects subnational authorities. In the Dutch context this would mean that, wherever relevant, they would be involved throughout the decision-making process, from BNC right through to the Coordinating Committee on Problems of European Integration and Association (CoCo).
(b) opportunities be created for subnational authorities to have more direct access to policymaking and decision-making in Brussels, for example by including a representative of subnational authorities on the staff of the Permanent Representations to the European Union in Brussels.
It does not seem likely that the enlargement of the European Union will have any fundamental new implications for the relationship between subnational authorities, national governments and the European Union, as outlined above. However, the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union will certainly have an impact on decision-making and implementation of policy. Clearly, the arguments which have led the AIV to conclude that an institutionalised role for subnational authorities in the EU's decision-making process should not be recommended will carry even more weight in an enlarged Union.
At the same time, the accession of new Member States may give a new boost to regionalism, and this in turn may affect developments in the position of subnational authorities throughout the European Union. It is difficult to foresee at this stage what developments will occur in this area. The AIV does not feel it is possible, let alone opportune, to make predictions about such developments at this juncture; however, it may be mentioned that the position of minority groups is a key aspect of the regionalism issue in many Central and Eastern European countries.
The European Union seeks to accomplish the close integration of the Member States – initially at economic, political and administrative level. Within the Member States, subnational authorities too are increasingly coming to recognise the importance of the EU's decision-making and policies. In The State of the European Union: The European Agenda 1999-2000 from a Dutch perspective the government noted that the European Union is having an increasing impact on Dutch municipalities and provinces, a trend also visible in other EU Member States. The further deepening of European integration in the 1990s has brought the subnational level of the Member States within the reach of 'Brussels'. This includes regions, provinces, Länder (Germany), counties (UK) and communities (Belgium) as well as city twinning agreements and regional cross-border frameworks.
The European Union is developing a layered structure, within which subnational authorities have a place alongside Brussels and the Member States. The sheer diversity of subnational authorities makes this process hard to follow. Yet its impact will be felt not only by national states but also by the European Union itself.
This request for the AIV's advice seeks to chart the role of subnational authorities in the process of European integration to help the Dutch government determine its policy.
In the Netherlands, subnational authorities bear responsibility for complying with Community obligations. However, they cannot be called to account directly by the European Commission, which must always address itself to the national government. This is partly why the national authorities have built up so many consultative structures (many of them informal) with municipalities and provinces. Examples include the monthly consultations between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Association of Netherlands Municipalities and the Association of Provincial Authorities, and the sixmonthly consultations between various layers of administration based on the 'New-style Administration Agreement'. In 1998 the Public Administration Council studied the domestic aspects of the problem in its advisory report 'Yield or revise: National administration and law under European influence' ('Wijken of herijken: Nationaal bestuur en recht onder Europese invloed').
The European Union respects the administrative structures of Member States. The way in which national authorities arrange relations and powers between layers of administration is their own affair. Nonetheless, the EU's policy is increasingly affecting the work of subnational authorities, largely through the knock-on effect of European regulations at subnational level and through EU funds. In this sense, the ongoing integration of Europe does have repercussions for the administrative relations within Member States. Tension may arise between decentralisation and/or regionalisation processes in certain Member States (notably Belgium and the United Kingdom) and the political decision-making in the European Union, where the players, as a rule, are national governments. It should be added that the European Commission's policy explicitly focuses on the regional level in its efforts to reduce economic inequalities between regions. Regional authorities in their turn (particularly in federal States such as Germany and Belgium, but also in Spain and the United Kingdom) exploit this in their efforts to strengthen their hand vis-à-vis national government. They do so by increasingly adopting a more international orientation and seeking to influence European decision-making.
If the above trends continue, European integration will increasingly make itself felt at subnational level. Conversely, as integration becomes closer, the EU and/or national governments will increasingly have to take questions involving subnational authorities into account. The AIV is therefore requested to give a general analysis of the role of subnational authorities in the ongoing process of European integration, and to address the following specific points.
The Treaty of Maastricht provides that subnational authorities must have formal channels for making their voice heard at European level. One such channel is the Committee of the Regions. However, the institutional shaping of the European Union is still primarily attuned to Member States and consultations between Member States.
Does the AIV consider it necessary or desirable, in order to improve the way the Union functions, to anchor the involvement of subnational authorities more firmly at institutional level?
Does the Protocol on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality in the Treaty of Amsterdam, in particular article 9, provide sufficient guarantees, in the AIV's view, that European decision-making will take account of the position of subnational authorities?
Should the position of subnational authorities be strengthened further with a view to their growing significance to continuing cooperation within the European Union?
Do the existing Charters of local/regional authorities (e.g. in administrative matters and on industrial sites) provide sufficient basis for this?
What advantages and disadvantages are attached, in the AIV's view, to the other means that have been suggested up to now for giving subnational authorities a place within European cooperation (a 'Good Governance Charter'; the German proposal for a Kompetenzkatalog)?
One of the challenges facing the European Union and its Member States is how to involve the EU's citizens more closely in the process of European integration. This goes to the heart of the legitimacy of the cooperation within the Union. Does the AIV consider that involving subnational authorities more closely in EU cooperation is another way – alongside those already suggested in 'The IGC 2000 and beyond: towards a European Union of thirty Member States' – of bringing Europe closer to its citizens?
From the perspective of subnational authorities, increased involvement in the EU is seen as a means of keeping their distance from central government. For instance, in Spain the structural funds have acted as a catalyst for the federalisation of the political system. Some Flemish nationalists see anchoring Flanders in Europe as an attractive alternative to remaining part of a federal state of Belgium. In Germany, the Länder have been in the vanguard of lobbying for the interests of European regions. Given the position of the Länder in the Bundestag, they are highly influential in determining Germany's position on EU decision-making that will eventually work its way into national legislation. Some see this trend as overblown regionalism. What is the AIV's view of this growing importance of the regions? What pitfalls does it foresee for the smooth running of the European Union in general and of the first pillar in particular?
The issue of subnational authorities can also be viewed in the light of the accession of new Member States to the European Union. Within the applicant countries there are numerous regions, most of them in border territories, that have ethnic minorities who are in the majority in a neighbouring country. This includes the Hungarians of western Romania and southern Slovakia, the Germans of western Poland (Silesia), the Turks of eastern Bulgaria and so forth.
Furthermore, many regions and urban areas in the applicant countries have structural disadvantages, both social and economic, that qualify them for aid from the structural funds. How would the AIV suggest approaching regional issues in the light of the forthcoming enlargement?


As we have been discussing God and your beliefs it has struck me that most of you have some vestigial idea of God, a kind of blurred memory of something you heard about when you were younger. It also strikes me that, with a few obvious exceptions, most of you do not seem to locate God anywhere near the center of your daily concerns.
So, to respond to this I want to propose a redirection of the paper topic.
I still want you to address and summarize the various God arguments.
Also, please respond to the handout and to at least three of the tracts whose URLs I have provided.
The change comes here: rather than telling me what you have decided about God I want you to write to me about what the theologian Paul Tillich calls your "ultimate concern", that is, whatever it is that matters most to you in the world, the thing or things that gives your life meaning and point. Example: I was just reading an article/op-ed piece in Newsweek that discussed whether the Apple iPad (or iPhone, or i-anything) had become a substitute for God, whether, in a more general sense, some of us look for the same power and mystery in tehcnology that we once looked for in God, on the assumption that most people crave mystery and access to power.
Another example: some people act as if family was God, as if, that is, the ultimate meaning of one's life rests in one's connections with parents and siblings and extended family members.
Still others set up music or film or video/computer games as the ultimate source of meaning.
Others think they will find ultimate meaning in love, in that one special other person for whom they search.
Some people are ultimately non-ultimate; they do not believe that there is a power, or that mystery is real. They do not seek any final meaning or think that any such 'answer' is required of them.
In the section of the essay that deals with where you stand on the question of God, take a position, and offer reasons, why you believe in the traditional god or gods and/or why you have replaced God as your ultimate concern with something else, and/or why you reject the whole question of ultimate concenrns.
As you write I want you to think about the difference between Kierkegaard and James: are ultimate beliefs better shaped to please us or are they more authentic of they disrupt our lives and even make us uneasy and anxious? Is the will to believe better than the leap of faith, irrespective of what we believe?


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Maternal type 1collagen N-terminal telopeptide levels in severe hyperemesis gravidarum
E. Sahin1,
Y. Madendag2,
M. Eraslan Sahin ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-91321,
A. T. Tayyar3,
I. Col Madendag2,
M. Gozukucuk2,
C. Karakukcu4,
G. Acmaz2 &
I. I. Muderris5
Nausea and vomiting occur 50–90% during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) may be hospitalized at an incidence rate of 0.8–2% before the 20th week of gestational age. The symptoms generally start during the 5–6th gestational weeks, reaching the highest degree during the 9th week, and decline after the 16–20th weeks of gestation. Clinical findings are proportional to the severity of the disease and severe HG is characterized with dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional deficiency as a result of vomiting.
The study population consisted of two groups of pregnant volunteers at 5–12 weeks of gestation: a severe HG group and a control group. The HG severity was scored using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (and nausea) (PUQE).The serum levels of the maternal Ca, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Na, K, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, vitamin D(25OHD3), and the maternal urine NTx levels were compared between the groups.
In total, 40 volunteers were enrolled in this study: 20 healthy pregnant volunteers and 20 with severe HG. There were no statistically significant differences between the maternal characteristics. The first trimester weight loss of ≥5 kg was significantly higher in the severe HG group (p < 0.001), while the control group had a significantly higher sunlight exposure ratio than the severe HG group (p = 0.021). The urine NTx levels were significantly higher in the severe HG group (39.22 ± 11.68NTx/Cre) than in the control group(32.89 ± 8.33NTx/Cre) (p = 0.028).The serum Ca, PTH, Na, K, BUN, and creatinine levels were similar between the groups (p = 0.738, p = 0.886, p = 0.841, p = 0.957, p = 0.892, and p = 0.824, respectively). In the severe HG group, the serum 25OHD3 levels were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.001).
The data from this study indicated that severe HG is associated with increased urine NTx levels. However, large-scale studies are required to understand the clinical significance of this finding, as well as the long-term consequences of elevated urine NTx levels and the underlying mechanisms.
NCT02862496 Date of registration: 21/07/2016.
Nausea and vomiting occur 50–90% during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) may be hospitalized at an incidence rate of 0.8–2% before the 20th week of gestational age [1, 2]. The symptoms generally start during the 5–6th gestational weeks, reaching the highest degree during the 9th week, and decline after the 16–20th weeks of gestation [3]. Clinical findings are proportional to the severity of the disease and severe HG is characterized with dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional deficiency as a result of vomiting [4,5,6]. Deficiencies in certain vitamins that work as catalyzers in the human body can lead to metabolic disorders.
Bone turnover is a dynamic and complex procedure, with bone resorption and bone formation being seen sequentially due to many different substances and factors. Biochemical markers, including protein and enzyme measurements, can be used to define bone resorption and formation [7]. Telopeptides are tiny protein particles found particularly in type I collagen that include 15–20 amino acids. Telopeptides bound to the ends of these amino acids are removed from the body through the urine as a result of collagen metabolism. During resorption, amino and carboxyl terminal fragments, called telopeptides, are bound to collagens with cross links and can be released into the circulation and excreted in the urine. Some recent studies have demonstrated that the type 1 collagen N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) level is more specific to bone tissue than any other resorption markers, showing more specificity if established earlier [8]. It can be used as a specific and stable indicator in the measurement of bone resorption.
It is well documented that sHG characterized by nutritional deficiency. We hypothesized that inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake may cause increased calcium mobilization from the maternal skeleton. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to determine the presence of maternal bone resorption in women with severe HG using the NTx levels in the maternal urine.
The present study was performed at Kayseri Education and Research Hospital in Kayseri, Turkey. The study was approved by the "Ethics Committee of Erciyes University" (decision number: 2016/345), which was carried out by the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave informed consent before the study.
The study population consisted of two groups of volunteers between 19 and 35 years of age who were between 5 and 12 weeks of gestation: an HG group and a healthy control group. HG was described as stated by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria: severe nausea and vomiting resulting in 5% weight loss (compared to pre-gestation) or vomiting more than three times per day and 3–5% weight loss with ketonuria. Those patients with the following other pathologies were excluded: gastroenteritis, pyelonephritis, bile duct diseases, hepatitis, urinary tract stones, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, migraines and vestibular disease, and any other diseases causing NTx level changes (e.g., Paget's disease and bone tumors) [3, 6]. In addition, those patients with any conditions causing osteoporosis or decreases in the bone mineral density were also excluded (smoking, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, pre-gestational diabetes, chronic kidney or liver disease, malignancy, and medication use, such as steroids, anticonvulsants, antiepileptics, heparin, or low molecular weight heparin) [9].
Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (and nausea) (PUQE) questionnaire was used scoring the severity of each patient's nausea and vomiting. The scores ≥13 points are classified as severe NVP/HG [10].
The blood samples were collected from the study population during the hospitalization of those patients diagnosed with severe HG. The blood samples from the volunteers in the control group were collected during their regular clinical visits.A5-mL blood sample was placed into a serum-separating tube to measure the serum Ca, PTH, Na, K, BUN, and creatinine levels. An additional 3-mL blood sample was placed into an EDTA tube to measure the serum 25OHD3 level. The blood samples were analyzed on the same day that they were obtained at the Kayseri Education and Research Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory. The 25OHD3 was measured using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). While no consensus exists, we used a common clinical cut-off based on the Endocrine Society recommendations to categorize the 25OHD3 levels: deficiency < 25 nmol/L, insufficiency = 25 to < 50 nmol/L, and normal = 50–75 nmol/L [11].
NTx levels can be measured in serum and urine. In the present study we analyzed in urine because we aimed to measure to be non-invasively. In order to measure the urinary NTx level and urine creatinin, 10 cc of morning urine were collected following 12 h of fasting overnight the day after hospitalization. In control group morning urine samples were obtained the day after blood samples collected following 12 h of fasting overnight. Urine NTx levels vary throughout the day therefore, urine samples were analyzed from morning urine that NTx excretion was the most constant. The urine samples were immediately stored at − 80 °C, without blood contamination. The NTx levels were evaluated on the same day four months after the first urine sample was stored via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by Cigdem Karakukcu. This was done to avoid any inconsistencies, and the samples were titrated with the urinary creatinine levels. All blood and urine samples were analyzed in Kayseri Education and Research Hospital Biochemistry clinic.
The Shapiro-Wilk's test was used to test the normality assumption of the data. Levene'stest was used for the variance in homogeneity assumption. The values were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, median (25–75thpercentile), or n (%). The parametric comparisons were made using a t-test or z-test, and the nonparametric comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. All of the comparisons were made with the PASW Statistics 18 program, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
The sample size was determined using a two-way analysis, and the reference values (means, standard deviations, and reference sample sizes) were taken from a study conducted by Shieh et al. [12]. It was estimated that at least 20 participants were required in each group to detect a clinically significant difference between the two groups when assuming a power of 80% to assess the primary hypothesis and a type I error of 0.05. Assuming a 5% dropout rate, we recruited 40 women (20 participants per group).
In total,40 pregnant women were enrolled in this study: 20 healthy pregnant women and 20with severe HG. The mean maternal age was 26.90 ± 2.36 years old in the control group and 26.95 ± 2.35 years old in the severe HG group (p = 0.947). The mean gestational age was 10.35 ± 1.23weeksin the control group and 10.30 ± 1.22 weeks in the severe HG group (p = 0.898). The pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was 24.67 ± 1.27 in the control group and 24.76 ± 1.35 in the severe HG group (p = 0.829). The first trimester weight loss ≥5 kg was significantly higher in the severe HG group (p < 0.001), and the control group had a significantly higher sunlight exposure ratio than the severe HG group (p = 0.021). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the nulliparity, caffeine intake, exercise regularly, and family history of osteoporosis. The comparisons of other maternal characteristics between the groups are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of maternal characteristics between the groups
The biochemical parameters are compared in Table 2. The urine NTx levels were significantly higher in the HG group (39.22 ± 11.68 NTx/Cre nmolBCE/nmol)) when compared to the control group (32.89 ± 8.33NTx/Cre nmolBCE/nmol))(p = 0.028). Serum Ca, PTH, Na, K, BUN, and creatinine levels were similar between the two groups (p = 0.738, p = 0.886, p = 0.841, p = 0.957, p = 0.892, and p = 0.824, respectively). In the severe HG group, the serum 25OHD3 levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001).
Table 2 Comparison of biochemical parameters between the groups
During pregnancy, the physiological upregulation of calcium is of vital importance for the mineralization and development of the fetal skeleton, with approximately 20–30 g of calcium being transferred from the mother to the fetus [13]. This calcium demand is regulated by various compensatory mechanisms, including increased renal reabsorption, increased intestinal dietary calcium absorption, and calcium mobilization from the maternal skeleton [14].The absorption of calcium in the maternal intestine doubles increasingly until the 12th week of gestation. The most important determinant of intestinal calcium absorption is vitamin D, which provides continuous maternal fetal calcium transfer [15, 16]. The healthy functioning of these compensatory mechanisms will ensure healthy maternal bone mineral density at the end of pregnancy and lactation. In presence of severe HG, due to inadequate intestinal compensatory mechanism, more calcium mobilized from the maternal skeleton. Thus, this clinical study aimed to investigate the maternal bone health in women with severe HG using the bone resorption marker NTx levels in the maternal urine.
Metabolic and nutritional disorders associated with the severity of the HG are likely to develop, and fetomaternal morbidity increases [17]. In the present study, we found that serum the 25OHD3 levels were significantly lower in the severe HG group when compared to the control group. These results could be explained by inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake due to nausea and vomiting. In the literature, more than 60% of these patients were determined to have thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin A, retinal binding protein, and vitamin K deficiencies [18]. Chiossi et al. reported that HG patients developed Wernicke's encephalopathy due to their thiamine deficiencies [19]. In addition, Corona G et al. reported the development of osmotic demyelination syndrome in these patients due to their metabolic disorders and hyponatremia [20]. In another study, Shigemi et al. reported that fetal coagulation developed in HG patients due to a vitamin K deficiency [21].
In the current study, we found that the severe HG group exhibited significantly greater weight loss when compared to the control group. In pregnancy, body fat increases lead to peripheral estrogen production. It has been demonstrated that the maternal estrogen levels, which have an anabolic effect on bone mineral density, increase during pregnancy [22, 23]. Both the compensatory mechanisms and increased estrogen production provide adequate calcium supplies for both the mother and the fetus [16]. In the presence of severe HG, our results indicated that certain regulatory mechanisms, such as intestinal calcium reabsorption via increased 25OHD3 were inadequate. In addition, in the presence of inadequate gestational weight gain, maternal estrogen production will inevitably be affected. Therefore, the present study hypothesized how this situation would affect the maternal bone health.
In the literature, it has been reported that pregnancy is associated with decreased bone mineral density, and that approximately 5% or more of the total maternal bone mass is mobilized [24, 25]. Currently there are some diagnostic procedures for evaluating the bone mineral density; however, their safe use in pregnant women has not yet been proven, and some are not recommended [26]. NTx which has a specific monotype amino acid sequence for bone tissue, can be used as a specific and stable indicator in the measurement of bone resorption [27]. In the present study, we found that the urine NTx levels were significantly higher in the severe HG group when compared to the control group. There are a few studies in the literature evaluating maternal bone health during pregnancy via bone resorption markers. For example, Ettinger et al. reported that a 1200-mg daily calcium carbonate supplementation during pregnancy reduced the NTx levels when compared to a placebo. In their study, the dietary calcium supplementation suppressed the maternal bone mobilization [28]. Similarly, Jonakiraman et al. showed that dietary calcium supplementation reduced the NTx levels in the third trimester [29]. In another study, Liu et al. reported that among 36 pregnant Chinese women with inadequate dietary calcium intakes, calcium supplementation significantly decreased the bone resorption markers [30].
Our findings can be interpreted as; Pregnancy may impact a woman's bone mass, which is an important determinant of her subsequent risk of osteoporosis [31]. The possibility that the intrauterine programming of fetal bone growth may be an important determinant of osteoporosis is now being considered [32]. New evidence showed that maternal dietary deficiencies during pregnancy may be associated with a lower bone mass in her offspring later in life [33, 34]. Women's with severe HG may have an increased risk for lower bone mass in offspring due to maternal dietary deficiency and increased maternal bone mobilization.
The data from the present study indicated that severe HG is associated with increased urine NTx levels. Large-scale studies are required to understand the clinical importance of this finding, in addition to the long-term consequences of elevated urine NTx levels and the underlying mechanisms.
ACOG:
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
BUN:
Blood urea nitrogen
HG:
NTx:
type 1 collagen N-terminal telopeptide
PTH:
PUQE:
Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis
UHPLC-MS:
Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
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This study was not funded by any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
The dataset used and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Sivas Sarkısla Government Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
E. Sahin & M. Eraslan Sahin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
Y. Madendag, I. Col Madendag, M. Gozukucuk & G. Acmaz
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
A. T. Tayyar
Department of Biochemistry Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
C. Karakukcu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
I. I. Muderris
E. Sahin
Y. Madendag
M. Eraslan Sahin
I. Col Madendag
M. Gozukucuk
G. Acmaz
ES, YM, MES conception and design of the study. ATT, ICM, MG, CK Data collection and analyzed the data. ES, GA, IIM drafted the first manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to E. Sahin.
The Ethics Committee of Erciyes University approved this research. Reference number: 2016/345. Written informed consent was obtained.
Sahin, E., Madendag, Y., Eraslan Sahin, M. et al. Maternal type 1collagen N-terminal telopeptide levels in severe hyperemesis gravidarum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18, 502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2149-7
Urine type 1 collagen N-terminal telopeptide
Urine Ntx