text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}

Electroencephalography (EEG) monitors the brain's neural activities by measuring the electrical fields with electrons, where the extracranial EEG places electrodes outside the skull and intracranial EEG, i.e., iEEG, implants the electrodes directly on the cerebral cortex. The complexity of EEG signals requires advanced signal processing and analysis methods for correct interpretation. Recently, deep learning \cite{lecun2015deep} has shown significant advantages in analyzing EEG signals by learning the feature representation and data abstraction to facilitate different applications, e.g., epilepsy, brain-computer interface, sleep, and cognitive monitoring \cite{craik2019deep,gao2021complex,schirrmeister2017deep}. The deep learning architectures based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are generally implemented on electronic computing platforms using central processor units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) \cite{yao2020fully}. With the continuously increasing EEG signal channels and data scale, processing the EEG signals using deep learning on electronic computing platforms are power-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it's challenging to deploy the models on edge devices for portable and wearable applications due to power supply constraints and limited computing speed. Besides, electronic computing confronts unsustainable performance growth as electronic transistors approach their physical limits \cite{waldrop2016chips}.

Photonic computing has been considered a promising solution for future computing systems due to its significant advantages of high energy efficiency and light-speed parallel processing capabilities \cite{caulfield2010future}. Using photonic computing, research on photonic neural networks (PNNs) and photonic integrated circuits have flourished vigorously in recent years \cite{wetzstein2020inference, shastri2021photonics}, which enable ultra-fast and low-power artificial intelligence (AI) inference and provide critical support for high-performance computing in scenarios with strict limits on energy consumption. Various effective architectures of PNNs have been demonstrated, including spike neural networks \cite{feldmann2019all}, convolutional neural networks \cite{chang2018hybrid, miscuglio2020massively}, reinforcement learning \cite{bueno2018reinforcement}, and reservoir computing \cite{antonik2019human}. The linear weighted interconnection of PNNs could be implemented via a mesh of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) \cite{shen2017deep}, diffractive surfaces \cite{lin2018all, yan2019fourier, rahman2021ensemble, kulce2021all, veli2021terahertz, zhou2021large, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn7630}, and tunable attenuators connected with waveguides \cite{tait2017neuromorphic,feldmann2019all}, etc. The nonlinear activation function of PNNs could be realized by laser-cooled atoms with electro-magnetically induced transparency \cite{zuo2019all}, cavity-loaded interferometers \cite{jha2020reconfigurable}, and photodetector-driven MZIs \cite{williamson2019reprogrammable}, etc. Currently, photonic accelerators enable massive parallel computing at speeds of trillions of multiply-accumulate operations per second \cite{feldmann2021parallel, xu202111}. But most existing PNNs only support simple neural network architectures with limited numbers of neurons and have limited performance in complex tasks compared to state-of-the-art electronic artificial neural networks (ANNs). Diffractive photonic computing \cite{lin2018all, zhou2021large, kulce2021all} supports millions of neurons and arbitrary linear transformation, which can be utilized to construct more advanced architecture to perform complex AI tasks. We demonstrate the use of diffractive photonic computing to construct diffractive PNN architectures and perform the EEG analysis for epileptic seizure detection.

Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder that is repetitive and sudden. It has been proved that approximately one-third of the patients are intractable with medications \cite{litt2002prediction}. They are at high risk of serious physical injury or even death if suffering accidental seizures. Therefore, performing the EEG analysis to achieve automated and portable seizure detection devices are critical to alert caregivers and protect the lives of patients. Many seizure detection methods based on statistical features and machine learning classifiers have been proposed \cite{shoeb2010application, siddiqui2020review}, where the ANN-based methods \cite{zhou2018epileptic, daoud2019efficient} have achieved state-of-the-art detection performance. Instead of executing ANNs energy intensively on traditional electronic edge devices with limited computing power, PNNs can overcome the limitations of electronics \cite{zhang2019artificial} and provide promising opportunities to design portable and power-saving seizure detection devices, which has not been demonstrated.

Here, we propose the EEG opto-processor based on diffractive photonic computing units (DPUs) and construct the PNN architecture to perform the epileptic seizure detection with EEG and iEEG measurements (Fig. \ref{Fig1}). We develop the 3D free-space DPU with a highly compact optical system, where a high data-throughput spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement the input data encoding and the diffractive modulation simultaneously. The diffractive deep neural networks ($\rm D^2NNs$) are constructed with DPU by implementing the computational operations of diffractive weighted interconnections optically, using photoelectric conversion for nonlinearity activation, and controlling the dataflow electronically. Furthermore, we design a 2D integrated DPU with a metaline-based multi-layer structure \cite{doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn7630, wang2022integrated, wang2019chip} on a silicon photonics platform to achieve higher integration density and lower power consumption towards wearable devices. In this design, we further introduce an optical bias block and validate its effectiveness in unbalanced classification tasks in this work. We demonstrate that the DPU-based $\rm D^2NNs$ successfully processes the multi-channel EEG and iEEG signals and detects the epileptic seizure with high performance. Besides, channel selection using random forest is developed to select the most important channels. The results show that the selected single-channel signal can be used for the detection with sufficient detection accuracy. We conduct the evaluations theoretically and experimentally, providing the possibility to collect EEG and iEEG signals with only one electrode for each patient and making the system more economical, efficient, and comfortable for personalized medicine.

\section{Results}\label{sec2}

\subsection{Epileptic seizure detection with the free-space DPU}\label{subsec2}

We utilize photonic computing to analyze and detect the epileptic seizures from the recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) signals (see Fig. \ref{Fig1}a). EEG is one of the most used methods for monitoring brain activity and is considered the best indicator for epilepsy diagnosis and analysis \cite{french2008initial}. The extracranial EEG measures the voltage difference between scalp-mounted electrodes caused by the ionic flowing in the brain neurons, while the intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) is the neuroelectrophysiologic signal obtained from implanted electrodes. Different channels from the electrodes at the corresponding positions reflect the spatial and temporal information of brain activity. The epileptiform EEG or iEEG patterns, such as spikes and sharp waves, contribute to the seizure diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed EEG opto-processor is validated on both EEG and iEEG modalities.

We develop a 3D free-space DPU to execute the task by pre-processing the EEG signals into 2D images to be analyzed with the constructed large-scale $\rm D^2NNs$ architecture \cite{zhou2021large}, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}b. The main components are the large-scale reconfigurable SLM and the optoelectronic detector that can be programmed to support millions of diffractive neurons. The input data are encoded on the phase of the optical field to the input nodes and modulated by the diffractive layer parameters that can be trained according to specific AI tasks. The input nodes are connected to output neurons via optical diffraction, and the trainable synaptic weights are generated by the diffractive modulation. The nonlinear activation function occurs in the photoelectronic conversion of the diffractive computation results by measuring the intensity of complex fields and intensity-to-phase conversion at the next input layer. The dataflow is controlled electronically for building the multi-layer PNN architecture that performs video-rate epileptic seizure detection. Different from \cite{zhou2021large}, both the input data encoding and phase modulation are implemented with SLM, which eliminates the additional input data encoding module and the related relay optics for significantly reducing the system complexity. The experimental setup of the free-space DPU is depicted in Supplementary Fig. 1. We construct a 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$ with the modeling and training process detailed in \textit{Materials and Methods}. For each input signal sequence, two target regions, representing the seizure and non-seizure states, are configured at the network output plane, where the target region with higher optical intensity indicates the epileptic seizure detection result. After the training to learn the diffractive modulation coefficients, the $\rm D^2NN$ performs light-speed inference, offering video-rate and energy-efficient epileptic seizure detection for patients.

We first validate the effectiveness of the proposed optical epileptic seizure detection approach using EEG signals of the CHB-MIT dataset \cite{shoeb2009application, goldberger2000physiobank} from Children Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It contains hours of seizure and non-seizure EEG recordings of 23 patients obtained through the 10-20 International system of EEG electrode placement. The CHB-MIT dataset is widely used as a benchmark for epileptic seizure detection \cite{birjandtalab2017automated, zhou2018epileptic, daoud2019efficient, siddiqui2020review}. Similar to \cite{daoud2019efficient}, we selected the EEG recordings of 8 patients with sufficient seizure time (more than 400 seconds) to generate the training and testing dataset for the $\rm D^2NN$ (see Methods, and Supplementary Table 1). The EEG signals were pre-processed and transformed into images to match the input format of the $\rm D^2NN$. Besides, since the epileptic EEG signals are nonstationary and multi-component, extracting meaningful statistical features from raw 1D timing signals is critical for the detection. We adopted the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to pre-process the raw signals and extract effective 2D features containing both time and frequency characteristics \cite{tzallas2009epileptic, boonyakitanont2020review}. STFT can be easily implemented in wearable devices based on digital electronics, and optical solutions have also been demonstrated to achieve higher speed and bandwidths \cite{li2011all, xie2020stft}. Epileptic seizures will cause changes in certain frequency bands, such as $\delta$ (0.4–4 Hz), $\theta$ (4–8 Hz), $\alpha$ (8–12 Hz), $\beta$ (12–30 Hz), and $\gamma$ (30–70 Hz) bands \cite{tzallas2009epileptic, tatum2014ellen}. And the energy of the EEG signals is mainly concentrated in low-frequency bands, so we set the frequency range of STFT to 0-50 Hz. For each time window of EEG signals, the signals of different channels were transformed into STFT spectra, stitched together into one image, and fed to a $\rm D^2NN$ to detect epilepsy seizures.

Selecting informative EEG channels is critical for building wearable healthcare devices and achieving personalized medicine in epileptic seizure detection. Generalized epileptic seizures involving the whole brain can be seen in every channel of the EEG recordings, while partial seizures can be seen only in a few channels whose corresponding electrodes are near the lesion. Full-channel EEG monitoring confronts great challenges in wearable devices because it is expensive, time-consuming, computationally intensive, and uncomfortable. Moreover, invalid channels add noise to the signals and increase detection difficulties. Channel selection can be achieved by medically diagnosing the location of the lesion or with statistical methods \cite{birjandtalab2017automated, alotaiby2015review}. This process only needs to be completed in the preliminary analysis but not repeated in the subsequent epilepsy monitoring.

We apply a random forest-based channel selection method \cite{birjandtalab2017automated} to analyze the performance of the $\rm D^2NN$ for EEG analysis on the CHB-MIT dataset under different channel numbers (see Fig. \ref{Fig2}). The pipeline of channel selection is shown in Fig. \ref{Fig2}a, where the EEG signals are first divided into sub-sequences with an equivalent time interval of 1-second. Next, the power spectral density of each EEG channel at each window is calculated, representing different bands, i.e., $\delta$, $\theta$, $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$. The signals of each time window are utilized as a sample with 115 attributes (23 channels and 5 bands). A random forest \cite{breiman2001random} containing 1000 decision trees is used to learn the features of each sample and detect the epileptic seizures, which has been proven to be robust in learning irrelevant features \cite{kursa2014robustness}. During the process of updating the random forest, i.e., minimizing the sum of the impurities, redundant features will not be selected for node splitting, and informative features will appear in those trees more frequently. Therefore, the feature contribution percentage can be obtained by investigating the normalized total reduction of the impurities in the random forest brought by that feature, which is also known as the Gini importance. And the channel contribution percentage is the sum of five feature contribution percentages. For example, the rightmost subgraph of Fig. \ref{Fig2}a illustrates the contribution percentage of 23 channels for the patient chb01 (see Supplementary Table 1), and the most important channel is 17. The channels with the highest contribution percentage are selected for seizure detection with $\rm D^2NN$. In addition, the random forest is also an effective machine learning classifier for epileptic seizure detection \cite{siddiqui2020review} and serves as a performance reference for the $\rm D^2NN$-based approach.

With the channel selection, we evaluate the performance of $\rm D^2NN$ on the CHB-MIT dataset. The statistical evaluations, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and $F_{\beta}$ score, are used for evaluating the binary classification performance. In the medical domain, the $F_{\beta}$ score, with typically $\beta=0.5, 1, 2$, is a weighted harmonic mean of the precision and recall that is more useful than accuracy, especially when the dataset is imbalanced \cite{powers2020evaluation}. We adopt the F2 score, i.e., $\beta=2$, to allow the recall to have a larger weight, considering the identification of disease episodes with only a minority of time \cite{devarriya2020unbalanced}. We explore the performance of $\rm D^2NN$ under different layer numbers with the 1-channel signals selected by random forest (see Supplementary Fig. 2). With 0.16 million diffractive neurons in each layer, the average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score are 97.89\%, 91.92\%, 98.13\%, and 0.8553, respectively, for the 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$, which are comparable to the 3-layer model. Further increasing the layer number has a little performance improvement. Besides, the 1-layer $\rm D^2NN$ does not converge during training and is not competent for this task. The same conclusion was obtained for larger channel numbers. Therefore, the 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$ model is adopted in the numerical evaluations and experiments.

The accuracy and F2 score of the $\rm D^2NN$ numerical model under different channel numbers are visualized with the box diagram in Fig. \ref{Fig2}b and Fig. \ref{Fig2}c, respectively. Rand-$\rm D^2NN$, RF-$\rm D^2NN$, and RF-RF denote selecting channels randomly and classifying with a $\rm D^2NN$, selecting channels with a random forest and classifying with a $\rm D^2NN$, and selecting channels and classifying simultaneously with a random forest, respectively. Both the accuracy and F2 score of RF-$\rm D^2NN$ outperform Rand-$\rm D^2NN$ and RF-RF obviously when using a few channels, demonstrating the effectiveness of the channel selection method using random forest. The performances of all models improve with the increase of the channel number, especially for the Rand-$\rm D^2NN$ and RF-RF models. The RF-$\rm D^2NN$ model achieves sufficient high performance using 1-channel EEG signals with an average accuracy of 97.89\% and an F2 score of 0.8553, which are close to the full-channel RF-$\rm D^2NN$ model with an average accuracy of 98.96\% and an F2 score of 0.9161. Notice that the full-channel RF-RF achieves an average accuracy of 98.88\% and an F2 score of 0.9335. Besides, the 1-channel RF-$\rm D^2NN$ performs relatively stable on different patients, i.e., the accuracy varies from 95.43\% to 99.31\%, and the F2 score varies from 0.7351 to 0.9261. The same conclusion was obtained from the sensitivity and specificity metrics (see Supplementary Fig. 3). The simulation results verify that the $\rm D^2NN$ with random forest for channel selection has the sufficient ability to make full use of the information of 1-channel signals to perform high-quality epileptic seizure detection.

We conduct experiments using the 2-layer model and single-channel EEG signals to facilitate more efficient computing and convenient signal acquisition. The results are presented in Fig. \ref{Fig3}. In order to eliminate the systematic errors, the modulation coefficients of the second layer are fine-tuned via adaptive training with the experimental results of the first layer (see Methods). Fig. \ref{Fig3}b illustrates the pre-trained parameters of the 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$ and the fine-tuned parameters of the second layer. Additionally, the intensities of the two target detection regions are multiplied by two factors, one for each region, to reduce the impact of uneven illumination and improve detection accuracy (see Methods). Fig. \ref{Fig3}a illustrates the experimental results of the $\rm D^2NNs$ on the patient chb01 using 1-channel EEG signals. As expected, the $\rm D^2NNs$ successfully distinguish the seizure and non-seizure samples and concentrate the light into predefined regions. And the image characteristics of the experimental results are very close to the simulation results. Fig. \ref{Fig3}c demonstrates the normalized intensity of 2 detector regions for 200 seizures and 200 non-seizures. The distinct difference makes the system robust for small noise disturbances. Furthermore, we evaluate the numerical and experimental performances of the 1-channel model on all the patients. As shown in Fig. \ref{Fig3}d, the average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score are 96.84\%, 92.81\%, 96.98\%, and 0.8174, respectively, in the experiments, which are comparable with the simulation. Detailed results for each patient are shown in Supplementary Table 2, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the 1-channel approach and the experimental setup.

In addition to the EEG modality, we further utilize the DPU-constructed $\rm D^2NN$ to detect epileptic seizures with iEEG signals. The performance is evaluated on electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings from 6 patients selected from the Epilepsy-iEEG-Multicenter-Dataset \cite{ds003029:1.0.3} (see Methods, Supplementary Table 1 and Table 2). Each iEEG signal sequence of these patients has a time duration of a few minutes near an epileptic seizure with large numbers of seizure signals, resulting in more difficulties for the detection compared with the CHB-MIT dataset that contains a long duration of non-seizure periods. We adopt the same feature exaction, channel selection method, and $\rm D^2NN$ model as in EEG signals, and the performance under different channel numbers is shown in Fig. \ref{Fig4}a. With the channel number settings of 1, 5, 10, and 30, the average accuracy is 90.93\%, 94.35\%, 94.31\%, and 94.49\%, respectively, and the average sensitivity is 92.50\%, 93.32\%, 93.51\%, and 94.03\%, respectively; the average specificity is 90.38\%, 96.06\%, 96.53\%, and 95.68\%, respectively, and the average F2 score is 0.9132, 0.9341, 0.9351, and 0.9395, respectively. The model's generalization ability on different patients is further demonstrated in Supplementary Fig. 4. Similar to detecting epileptic seizure with EEG signals, we adopt the single-channel iEEG signals after channel selection for the experiments, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig4}b. The average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score are 87.51\%, 89.00\%, 87.35\%, and 0.8755, respectively, in the experiments.

\subsection{Epileptic seizure detection with the integrated DPU}\label{subsubsec2}

We propose to design a 2D integrated DPU based on metamaterials \cite{doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn7630, wang2022integrated} and on-chip optical devices for further reducing the system size and improving the computational efficiency towards the wearable EEG analysis, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}c. Specifically, the coherent light from an on-chip laser \cite{zhou2015chip} is split into different single-mode waveguides with an array of multi-mode interferometers (MMIs) or Y-couplers. The 1D features of EEG signals are encoded on the light amplitude in the waveguides with on-chip modulators, such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The weighted interconnections between the complex optical field of input and output waveguides are achieved with a diffractive computing block comprising the multi-layer metalines, which are passive optical structures for high energy efficiency computations. Each metaline is a 1D etched rectangle silica slot (meta-atom) array in the silicon membrane of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Both amplitude and phase modulation coefficients of a meta-atom are learnable and can be programmed by adjusting the width and length of the slot, where we train only the width in this work (see Supplementary Fig. 5). The diffractive computing block can be expanded vertically to receive higher dimensional input features and horizontally to increase diffractive parameters and learning capacities. In addition to the weighted interconnection block, we introduce an optical bias block to enhance the model capability. The bias coefficients are modulated at a different wavelength and coupled into two output waveguides of the diffractive computing block. The incoherent summation of optical energy is collected with photodetectors (PD) to indicate the epileptic seizure detection results. The bias modules enable the adjustment of output thresholds, which is especially effective in imbalanced data, such as epileptic seizure signals used in this work \cite{zhou2005training}.

We apply the integrated DPU for epileptic seizure detection on EEG signals from the CHB-MIT dataset. To reduce the input port numbers of DPU, the time and frequency resolution of STFT is reduced during the pre-processing and only one channel selected by random forest is utilized to generate a 16-dimensional feature for each time window (see Methods). Since the modulation coefficients of each meta-atom are calculated with the periodic boundary condition by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we use binary modulation and combine three identical meta-atoms as one diffractive modulation neuron to facilitate the fabrication and improve the model accuracy. We trained the integrated DPU with 16 input waveguides and a metaline with 600 diffractive neurons considering the module size. Fig. \ref{Fig5}a illustrates the optical field propagation details simulated with FDTD. The sufficient matched modulation profiles between the analytical model and FDTD are demonstrated in Supplementary Fig. 6. We numerically evaluate the integrated DPU with an optical bias block in Fig. \ref{Fig5}b and Supplementary Table 3. The average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score are 97.68\%, 88.92\%, 98.01\%, and 0.8385, respectively, but reduced to 89.11\%, 76.61\%, 89.61\%, and 0.5173, respectively, without the optical bias block. Besides, the performance fluctuates greatly in different patients without the optical bias block. Notice that the average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score of an electronic fully connected neural network (ENN) with the same number of parameters are 98.54\%, 83.49\%, 99.17\%, and 0.8292, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optical bias block for integrated DPU and the success of its application for epileptic seizure detection.

Similarly, the results on iEEG signals from the Epilepsy-iEEG-Multicenter-Dataset are shown in Fig. \ref{Fig5}c and Supplementary Table 3. The average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score are 86.07\%, 82.82\%, 86.90\%, and 0.8328, respectively, but reduced to 80.60\%, 76.45\%, 84.70\%, and 0.7665, respectively, without the optical bias block. Compared to the CHB-MIT dataset, there is less performance degradation because the duration of seizure and non-seizure periods are similar in this dataset. The ENN with the same number of parameters achieves an average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score of 84.66\%, 79.54\%, 88.72\%, and 0.8051, respectively, also close to the integrated DPU with an optical bias block.

\section{Discussion}
\subsection*{Computing speed and energy efficiency}
We evaluate the computing performance of the free-space DPU with the constructed 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$. Each layer of $\rm D^2NN$ generates a feature map with the element numbers of $400\times400$ from an input image with the same size, which performs $5.12\times10^{10}$ operations in the optical domain. Since the diffractive optical computations are operated at the speed of light, the computing speed is determined by the refresh rate of the SLM (30 Hz) and the acquisition frame rate of the CMOS optoelectronic detector (60 Hz). Considering a 30 Hz system frame rate, the computing speed of free-space DPU is $1.536\times10^{12}$ operations per second (1.536 TOPS). Furthermore, the free-space DPU system supports $1920\times1152$ diffractive neurons determined by the SLM. As a result, the maximum diffractive computation speed is 293.53 TOPS, which is better than the state-of-the-art edge-computing device of Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier with a computing speed of 32 TOPS.

The integrated DPU in Fig. \ref{Fig5}a executes a $16\times2$ weight matrix with passive metalines in a region of $540~\rm\mu m \times200~\rm\mu m$. Considering the typical light source power of 10 mW with a modulation and photodetection rate of 30 GHz based on the existing silicon photonic foundry, the computing speed, computing density, and energy efficiency are 1.92 TOPS, 17.778 TOPS per square millimeter and 192 TOPS per watt, respectively. Notice that the computing density and energy efficiency of the state-of-the-art GPU Tesla V100 are 0.037 TOPS per square millimeter and 0.1 TOPS per watt, respectively \cite{yao2020fully}. The integrated DPU achieves more than two orders of magnitude improvements in computing density and more than three orders of magnitude improvements in energy efficiency.

\subsection*{Limitations and future works}
We have demonstrated the DPU-based opto-processor for effectively processing large-scale EEG signals, which can facilitate its applications in different areas. For example, in the brain-computer interface \cite{even2020power}, the iEEG signal channel numbers are increasing from thousands to hundreds of thousand, placing high demand for high-performance computing processors. Furthermore, we have validated that the 1-channel EEG signals with the channel selection method have sufficiently high performance for epileptic seizure detection, i.e., only one electrode attached to the scalp is required for the acquisition system, facilitating its applications in wearable healthcare and personalized medicine. The volume of the free-space DPU can be smaller by designing the application-specific integrated circuits for EEG signal acquisition and dataflow control.

The reconfigurable free-space DPU includes millions of diffractive neurons, which can construct more complex neural networks architectures, such as the diffractive recurrent neural network \cite{zhou2021large} for better performance in processing time series signals and different health monitoring tasks. The integrated implementation can be fabricated with deep ultraviolet lithography, which is highly compatible with the electronic integrated circuits. Reconfigurable non-volatile materials, such as phase change materials (PCM) \cite{feldmann2021parallel, wu2021programmable}, can be used to design the metalines with programmable network parameters and increase the flexibility. Although the 1-channel model is mainly considered in this article, more channels may be necessary for more complex tasks. The data throughput of the proposed EEG opto-processor can be further expanded based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) \cite{feldmann2021parallel, xu202111}, and the optical processing of different channels can be accomplished at individual wavelengths.

In summary, we have demonstrated the successful use of DPU to construct photonic neural networks for EEG analysis and apply it for the epileptic seizure detection of EEG and iEEG signals with high performance. This work will inspire promising advances in using photonic computing for developing various healthcare devices.

\section{Methods}\label{sec11}

\subsection*{Data preprocessing}
The EEG recordings of 8 patients, each with sufficient length of seizure time duration (more than 400 seconds) and uniformly recording of 23 channels, were selected from the CHB-MIT dataset. The signals of seizures and randomly selected 2-hour non-seizures were used for evaluations. All the EEG signals were segmented into 1-second windows and randomly arranged. Half of the seizures and the non-seizures with the same duration were used for training, while the remaining data were used for testing. The channels of EEG signals were selected according to the random forest-based method, and the STFT was adopted to extract time-frequency-domain features for each time window. For the evaluation of free-space DPU, the frequency range of the STFT was set to 0-50 Hz, and the sliding window width was set to 51 samples. The spectral energy was normalized, and the 2D features were resized to $400\times400$ pixels as the input of $\rm D^2NNs$. For the evaluation of integrated DPU, each time window of 1-second signals was divided into four parts, and the energy of four spectral bands (0-6 Hz, 6-14 Hz, 14-22 Hz, 22-30 Hz) in each part were calculated to form a 1D feature with 16 attributes.

Similarly, the iEEG recordings of 6 patients with sufficient length of seizure time duration and clear onset and offset labels were selected from the Epilepsy-iEEG-Multicenter-Dataset. They were segmented using 5-second sliding windows with an overlap of 4 seconds and were further randomly arranged. The training and testing sets were divided in the same way as the EEG recordings. For the evaluation of free-space DPU, the frequency range of the STFT was set to 0-100 Hz due to the higher sampling frequency of the iEEG signals, and the sliding window width was set to half of the sampling frequency. For the evaluation of integrated DPU, each time window of 5-second signals was divided into five parts and four spectral bands, and a 1D feature with 20 attributes was generated.

\subsection*{Experimental system of the free-space DPU}
The experimental system is shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}b and Supplementary Fig. 1. A compact green LED (CPS532, Thorlabs) coherent light source at the wavelength of 532 nm was used to generate the input optical field. The light beam is collimated and expanded by two lenses (AC050-008 and AC254-100, Thorlabs), polarized with a polarizer (LPVISA050, Thorlabs), and split with a beam splitter (CCM1-BS013, Thorlabs). An SLM (P1920-400-800, Meadowlark) modulates the phase of the wavefront according to the input information and the trained parameters of the $\rm D^2NN$. The optical field is captured and photoelectrically converted with a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensor (GS3-U3-41C6M-C, Point Grey) after diffraction propagation of 10 cm. This process is multiplexed and programmed to construct an $\textsl{N}$-layer $\rm D^2NN$.

\subsection*{Modeling of the free-space DPU}
The diffractive computing process can be represented as $\textbf{y}_i={\mid F\cdot {\rm exp}(j(\textbf{x}_i+\textbf{H}_i))\mid}^2$, where $\textbf{x}_i$, $\textbf{H}_i$, $\textbf{F}$, and $\textbf{y}_i$ denote the input, the trainable modulation coefficients, the transmission matrix of the free-space diffractive propagation, and the output of the $i$-th layer of the $\rm D^2NN$, respectively. $\textbf{x}_i+\textbf{H}_i$ is fed to the SLM to modulate the phase of the light wavefront and $\textbf{y}_i$ is the light intensity acquired by the CMOS sensor. $\textbf{x}_1$ is the 2D feature map scaled to [0, 2$\pi$] of the EEG or iEEG signals and $\textbf{x}_i$ is obtained from $\textbf{y}_{i-1}$ for $i>1$ via a nonlinear activation function, given as $\textbf{x}_i=2\pi \cdot{\rm Sigmoid}(a_i\cdot \textbf{y}_{i-1}+b_i)$, where $a_i$ and $b_i$ are two trainable parameters. Finally, $\textbf{y}_N$ represents the output plane of the $\rm D^2NN$, and the target region with higher optical intensity indicates the epileptic seizure detection result. Supplementary Fig. 1 demonstrates the diffractive computing process of a 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$. The network diffractive modulation coefficients are trained with the pre-collected and labeled data. The mean squared error (MSE) between $\textbf{y}_N$ and the ground truth, i.e., 1 for the target detection region and 0 for the other, is defined as the loss function. The forward model of the $\rm D^2NN$ is simulated based on angular spectrum propagation methods, and the errors are backpropagated to minimize the loss function via optimizing $\textbf{H}_i$, $a_i$, and $b_i$ by stochastic gradient descent algorithms.

\subsection*{Adaptive training process for the free-space DPU}
To deal with the systematic errors, in the experiments of 2-layer $\rm D^2NN$, we first deploy the network parameters of the first layer with the pre-trained model and capture the experimental outputs. Then the modulation coefficients of the second layer are re-trained with the first layer's experimental outputs to correct the first layer's systematic errors. To address the systematic errors of the second layer, for two intensities of the detection regions obtained from the output plane of the $\rm D^2NN$ after the experiments of the second layer, the intensity of first detector region was multiplied with a factor c within [0.9, 1.1]. $c$ was optimized to maximize the $F_{\beta}$ score on the training dataset, which was fixed in the inference process. This factor especially contributes to the errors caused by uneven light illumination.

\subsection*{Integrated DPU settings}
The integrated DPU comprises a 1-layer metaline at the working wavelength of 1550 nm for the on-chip epileptic seizure detection. The height of the meta-atom is fixed at 400 nm and the slot period is 300 nm. The slot width is chosen from 0 or 100 nm to implement binary modulation, and the corresponding phase modulation coefficients are 0 or -1.55 rad (see Supplementary Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). There are 1800 meta-atoms for processing EEG or iEEG signals, and DPU width is 540 $\rm\mu m$. The distance between the input plane and output plane is 200 $\rm \mu m$, and the metaline is placed at the center. The input waveguides are placed with an interval of 15 $\rm\mu m$, and the interval of two output waveguides is 270 $\rm\mu m$.

\subsection*{Training details}
All the simulation models were numerically implemented with Python (v3.6.13) and TensorFlow (v1.11.0) running on a desktop computer (Nvidia TITAN XP GPU, AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2990WX CPU with 32 cores, 128 GB of RAM, and the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system). The modulation coefficients of the diffractive layers were optimized via stochastic gradient descent and error backpropagation. The Adam optimizer \cite{kingma2014adam} and a learning rate of 0.01 were used with the loss functions of mean squared error or cross-entropy. Each $\rm D^2NN$ was trained with the epoch number of 1000. The training time of the free-space $\rm D^2NN$ was $\sim$4 h, and that for the integrated model was $\sim$1 h.

\backmatter

\bmhead{Data, materials, and code availability}
All data needed to evaluate the conclusions are present in the article and/or the Supplementary Information.

\bmhead{Acknowledgments}
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021ZD0109902 and No. 2020AA0105500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62088102 and No. 62275139), and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.

\bmhead{Authors' contributions}
Q.D. and X.L. initiated and supervised the project. X.L. and T.Y. conceived the research. T.Y., X.L., M.Z., and X.C. designed the simulations and conducted the experiments. T.Y., X.L., M.Z., S.W., K.S., and H.Z. processed the data and analyzed the results. All authors prepared the manuscript and discussed the research.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Fig1}
\caption{The architecture of EEG opto-processor. \textbf{a}, The EEG and iEEG channel signals are pre-processed to extract the 2D or 1D statistical features through short-time Fourier transform (STFT) for epileptic seizure detection. \textbf{b}, The 3D free-space DPU comprises an SLM for input data encoding and phase modulation, an optoelectronic detector for nonlinear activation and capturing diffractive computation results, and an electronic controller to configure the dataflow. With the constructed $\rm D^2NNs$ \cite{lin2018all} using DPU, the seizure detection result is determined by the light intensity distribution of two target regions on the output plane. \textbf{c}, A schematic of the integrated DPU on an SOI platform. Input data are encoded in the amplitude of the light in optical waveguides with modulators, weighted interconnected through the diffractive modulation of metalines, and biased through incoherent energy coupling and photoelectric conversion.}
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Fig2}
\caption{Numerical evaluations of free-space DPU on the CHB-MIT dataset under different EEG channel numbers. \textbf{a}, The pipeline of channel selection using random forest (RF). The EEG signals are segmented into sub-sequences given the time intervals, and the power spectral density of each channel is calculated as five features, representing $\delta$, $\theta$, $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ bands, for learning the random forest model. The feature contribution percentage is the normalized total reduction of the impurities in the random forest brought by that feature, i.e., the Gini importance, and the channel contribution percentage is the sum of five feature contribution percentages. The channels with the highest contribution percentage are selected for limited-channel seizure detection. \textbf{b} and \textbf{c}, The box diagrams of the classification accuracies and F2 scores obtained by blindly testing on the CHB-MIT dataset under different channel numbers. Rand-$\rm D^2NN$, RF-$\rm D^2NN$, and RF-RF denote selecting channels randomly and classifying with the $\rm D^2NN$, selecting channels with a random forest and classifying with $\rm D^2NN$, and selecting channels and classifying simultaneously with a random forest, respectively.}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Fig3}
\caption{Experimental results of the free-space DPU on the CHB-MIT dataset. \textbf{a}, The simulation and experiment outputs of 2-layer $\rm D^2NNs$ on the patient chb01 (see Supplementary Table 1) using 1-channel EEG signals with the top channel contribution percentage. \textbf{b}, The phase modulation coefficients of the pre-trained $\rm D^2NNs$ model and the fine-tuned second-layer phase modulation coefficients after adaptive training (AT). \textbf{c}, The experimental measured the average intensity of two detector regions with instances of 200 seizures and 200 non-seizures. \textbf{d}, The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score of simulations and experiments on all the patients.}
\label{Fig3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Fig4}
\caption{Performance of epileptic seizure detection with iEEG signals on the Epilepsy-iEEG-Multicenter-Dataset dataset. \textbf{a}, The numerical evaluation results under different channel numbers. \textbf{b}, The performance comparison between numerical evaluations and experiment results using the single-channel iEEG signals.}
\label{Fig4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Fig5}
\caption{Epileptic seizure detection with the integrated DPU. \textbf{a}, The diffractive optical field propagation of the integrated DPU simulated with FDTD. The right subgraph shows the enlarged view of the red box at the position of metaline in the left subgraph. \textbf{b} and \textbf{c}, Results on the EEG and iEEG signals from the CHB-MIT dataset and the Epilepsy-iEEG-Multicenter-Dataset, respectively. The performance of the integrated DPU with the optical bias block is comparable with the electronic neural network (ENN) but reduced obviously without the optical bias block.}
\label{Fig5}
\end{figure}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Signed l.r., pencil "Reg Mombassa". Not dated.
Anne Ryan, Imprint , 'Meadowbank prints', pg. 10-11, Melbourne, Autumn 2003.
Jane Watters, The art of Chris O'Doherty aka Reg Mombassa , 'The art of Chris O'Doherty aka Reg Mombassa', 5-9., Sydney, 2007, 58 (colour illus.).


Black Onyx and Copper wire wrapped jewelry Set - Pillar of Salt Studio, Inc.
This necklace and earring set is handcrafted with copper wire and Black Onyx gemstones.
Metal: solid copper, antiqued. One small component in the drop/dangle is copper plated brass.
Dimensions: The pendant part is 1.75" long by 5/8" wide. The earrings hang 2 3/8" from the piercing and are about 5/8" wide.
Closure: copper plated lobster clasp.


This is a luxury premium 4.5 tog superking bed size 100% pure Hungarian goose down duvet. This duvet is filled with the highest quality 100% Hungarian goose down for a truly unforgettable sleep. Premium Hungarian goose down has been hand-picked to create this fresh and strong yet durable filling, providing an outstanding softness and cushioning, and give an amazingly soft sink feel when wrapped around the body. This duvet offers lightweight coverage and the naturally breathable qualities of down will regulate your body temperature through the night, trapping warm air to keep you snug but preventing discomfort from over-heating. The fabric used on these duvets is a 300 thread count high quality sateen stripe, which helps keep the filling trapped and gives a silk smooth feel. The duvet is complemented with a fine double stitch edging and a gold piped trim giving it a perfect finish.


Men's classic fit Robert Graham woven short sleeve sport shirt with an orange, woven "Diamante" diamond design.
This shirt has an eclectic and exciting look to it, with non-solid diamonds woven into the shirt in a reflective fabric that changes appearance based on how you look at it. The collar, sleeves, and placket feature contrast Tie Dyed orange sunburst lining.


text:
DUI, Hit-and-Run Charges for Hollywood Man
A Hollywood man has been arrested for DUI and hit-and-run after he allegedly caused a fatal crash and then failed to remain at the scene.
According to The Sun-Sentinel, 53-year-old Gabriel Tommie could be facing up to 5 years in prison.
Officials report defendant was driving a pickup truck in January when he reportedly struck a vehicle at the Stirling Road and South University Drive intersection. The driver of the other vehicle involved in the crash was reportedly injured, but Tommie left the scene.
Detectives were able to locate him after another motorist reportedly followed him and reported his whereabouts to police. Soon after the initial crash, Tommie reportedly ran a red light at the intersection of Davie and Stirling, at which point he crashed into a light pole and then walked away. Police found defendant at a nearby shopping plaza. They reported that at first when they approached in uniform, Tommie turned and started to walk away. However, officers caught up to him and were able to detain him.
Reports are he gave different versions of what occurred. When asked how he got to the shopping plaza, he at first said he drove. Then the story switched, and he said he walked. Then he said he had taken a taxi.
Investigating officers said there were indicators that he was impaired – specifically his slurred speech, glassy eyes and an odor of alcohol near his face. He also allegedly revealed he was coming from the bar. Although he refused a voluntary field sobriety test (which was probably wise), he did undergo a blood-alcohol test once at the local police station, where he registered a blood alcohol that was more than twice the legal limit of 0.08.
A crash witness later identified Tommie as the individual who had fled the scene.
He has two previous DUI convictions on his record, which means if he is convicted again, he'll face even more severe penalties. In fact, a third conviction for DUI within a 10-year span (including out-of-state convictions) is considered a third-degree felony, punishable by up to five years in prison).
Per F.S. 316.193, person who causes injury to another by way of a crash while under the influence of alcohol or drugs commits a third-degree felony, punishable by up to five years in prison in Florida. Similarly, a person who fails to remain at the scene of a crash with injuries – regardless of who caused the wreck – commits a third-degree felony, punishable by up to five years in prison.
It used to be that fleeing the scene of a fatal crash might actually be advantageous to the defendant, as penalties for hit-and-run under Florida law were lesser than for DUI manslaughter. However, that loophole was closed recently, and defendants in both DUI manslaughter and hit-and-run cases now face a minimum mandatory of four years in prison.
Aside from fleeing the scene, one of the major mistakes Tommie made in this situation was talking to police. He gave them several pieces of evidence to use against him in court. The first was the admission that he had just left the bar. The second was conflicting stories, which will work against his credibility.
If you are arrested for DUI or hit-and-run in Florida, it is imperative that you discuss your legal options with an experienced attorney.
Man who Davie police say fled hit-and-run crash charged with DUI, March 20, 2016, By Wayne K. Roustan, The Sun Sentinel
Fort Lauderdale Felony Drug Conviction Gets Doctor Probation, March 21, 2016, Fort Lauderdale DUI Defense Attorney Blog
Posted in: DUI
Tagged: DUI defense attorney and Fort Lauderdale DUI defense

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Prepare and deliver news, sports, or weather reports, gathering and rewriting material so that it will convey required information and fit specific time slots.
Read news flashes to inform audiences of important events.
Study background information to prepare for programs or interviews.
Discuss various topics over the telephone with viewers or listeners.
Make promotional appearances at public or private events to represent their employers.
Describe or demonstrate products that viewers may purchase through specific shows or in stores.
Coordinate games, contests, or other on-air competitions, performing such duties as asking questions and awarding prizes.
Attend press conferences to gather information for broadcast.
Provide commentary and conduct interviews during sporting events, parades, conventions, or other events.


text:
McMahan: Finding Storytelling Opportunities in Lower Decks
Cast & Crew February 1, 2021
Home Cast & Crew Star Trek: Lower Decks
Monday, February 1st, 2021
T'Bonz 2 years ago
© The Hindu, © CBS All Access
In an interview with The Hindu, Mike McMahan was asked questions about Star Trek: Lower Decks, such as the choice of support crew over bridge crew, animation instead of live-action, and his own personal favorite Trek characters.
There was a good reason for choosing support crew over another new bridge crew. "Whenever you read a book about the different Star Trek shows, everybody says after eight hundred episodes of Star Trek, there are no stories left to tell," said McMahan. "Nobody had told stories about the crew on the lower decks or about a ship that wasn't as important. No stories had been done yet with these kind of guys. It felt fresh and exciting to me."
Using animation instead of live-action meant more options when it came to characters. "Animation lets us do some cool stuff like aliens that that might be too hard to do for special effects," said McMahan."It helps with the comedy, because we get to draw this stuff funny, the ways the characters are reacting or the situations they are in. We also get to go to parts of the ship that you might not be able to see because it would break the budget to build those sets. We try to find a balance, to make our animated show look like it was done on a physical set and we try to shoot the show like live action. We can also do battles and these kind of big, cool CG beautiful things that look even more beautiful in animation than maybe you would get with live action models."
Does McMahan have a favorite character from Lower Decks? "I can't pick between the four lower deckers," he said. "Tawny Newsome is so hilarious as Mariner, the same for Jack Quaid as Brad, Tendi is the sweetest played by Noël Wells, and Eugene Cordero as Rutherford is always so funny and singular. If I had to pick one character on the Cerritos that always makes me laugh, it is Jack Ransom voiced by Jerry O'Connell. There is literally no scene or moment that he doesn't have me rolling."
McMahan does have favorites from live-action Star Trek though. "Star Trek is about the friendships," he said. "Every series has an amazing friendship. My favorite one is Data and Geordi on TNG. I could watch those two characters hang out all day; two friends geeking out over the same stuff is a lot of where the friendships in Lower Decks come from."
Source: The Hindu
Topics: McMahan
New Paramount Plus Ad Features Spock
Discovery Season Four Hints


The International Foundation for Electoral Systems' Senior Electoral Management Advisor in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Oliver Green, is an experienced election professional with nearly two decades of experience supporting electoral processes around the world, beginning with the referendum in East Timor in 1999.
He has worked on over 30 electoral events in technical assistance roles with various United Nations agencies and with the European Union and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in observation, coordination and analytical roles. Career highlights include supervising electoral operations in central Iraq; engaging with civil society to provide voter education in Indonesia; and supporting electoral operations in East Timor. Green is now temporarily appointed to the post of program manager for the Bougainville Referendum Commission. He holds a master's degree in development studies and a postgraduate certificate in electoral assistance and international observation.


A then-unknown Jack White provided guest vocals on a cover of "One Way Or Another" by a band called 400 Pounds of Punk in the late '90s, and the cassette has been unearthed.
Plus: Elton John, Phil Lesh, The Revolution, Yamantaka // Sonic Titan, and more tour news.
The 2018 edition of Osheaga continued on Saturday (8/4) with sets from Arctic Monkeys, Lord Huron, Future Islands, Blondie, Anderson .Paak and The Free Nationals, Alvvays, Kali Uchis, LP and more. Check out pictures in the gallery above.
Anthony Bourdain's Parts Unknown will return for a final season on CNN, including an episode that explores NYC's East Village and Lower East Side, with appearances from members of Blondie, Cro-Mag Harley Flanagan, Jim Jarmusch, Kid Congo Powers and more.


a couple of weeks ago I attended the HD Boutique Expo here in Miami as I've been doing ever since it started about 6 years ago. I had a lot of fun meeting and chatting with all my friends in the local design community.
The show's main focus is on small boutique hotels and all the products to be used in them. The variety of products on exhibition range from bath amenities to bed linen to custom made furniture to outdoor furniture. Additionally you can find the best of the best in wallcoverings that can be used commercially or at homes as well as beautiful fabrics, bath hardware and every single kind of tile.
If you're ever in Miami around this time of the year make sure to register to visit this show or it you visit Las Vegas sometime in March you can visit the mega huge version of this show over there.
Have a great day and have some fun in the process!
Oh, I love the Blue Leaf furniture! Aren't design expos fun?!
Adore these interiors! What I love is that everything looks both functional and comfortable! I've been in a few boutique hotels that were so spartanic, the only place I could sit was on a hard wooden bench!
So that second photo with the green wall squares, that I would love to do in my home someday. I probably wouldn't go with that color, but I really like the texture, dimensions, and interest it adds to the wall without overwhelming the room. I've never thought of going to an event like this, but if I get near one I'll definitely check it out -- you discovered too many good things there.
I love these photos, such a great variety of things on show. Haha, if only my lounge area looked like the 2nd photo (one day :)).
Oh!! This looks so posh! I would love to hang at one of these expos for the day!
Love the Maya Romanoff wall covering collection!
You go to the best places! I would love to just hang out with you for a day and see where you go. And I love that duvet. It would look perfect in my room!
That fabulous cocktail set is just divine!


1. Judge Vaughn Walker, who presided over the Prop 8 trial that led to the legalization of gay marriage in California, blinked back tears during the trial as a man testified about undergoing conversion therapy—because the openly gay Walker had gone through the same thing years before.
2. Next to fall? A circuit judge in Arkansas says he will issue a ruling in a gay marriage lawsuit within two weeks. "I've already got an idea where I'm going, but I'm still drifting," he told Arkansas News.
4. Snap into a Slim Jim! The WWE teams up with the NOH8 Campaign for quite the interesting photoshoot. Kudos to them.
5. The Washington Post says anti-gay marriage sentiment in the GOP is fading. POLITICO says it isn't.


Iowa City has been called the Athens of the Midwest for its rich cultural and educational offerings. The University of Iowa campus, intertwined with the city, embodies an appreciation for learning and is a welcome setting for creativity. It's a community where librarians are treated as rock stars and both young and old engage their minds through stories.
Take a seat inside FilmScene, the city's non-profit cinema showing 250+ independent and documentary films each year. Take a City of Literature Historical Walking Tour to learn how the city became designated by UNESCO and about famous authors with ties to the state and the University. Peruse book pages or sit in on an author reading inside nationally acclaimed Prairie Lights Books. Attend our festivals that celebrate literacy, music and dialogue. Behind all of these places you'll find people willing to share their great city with you.


"...At 10pm Sunday on the Reverberation Stage, musicians tuned up, getting their levels right...."
"...13th Floor Elevators Sun., 10pm, Reverberation Stage..."
"...being hatched, veteran Chronicle contributor Greg Beets suggested that the "empty nest syndrome" was largely responsible for the resurgence..."
"...Of the many 13th Floor Elevators-related compilations the Roky Erickson..."
"...is decorated with cobwebs and Sixties posters. Stacked to the ceiling are cassettes and videotapes – not a CD..."
"...a mildly cruel sun, but her chair topples to the ground with a loud thud against the wooden patio...."
"...photograph by Marlene Hanlin As the days of 1997 drew to a chilly end, the..."
"...The original bassist for the 13th Floor Elevators, Benny Thurman,..."
"...A record number of gunshots were presumably reported Sunday night on Red River...."
"...Less than three weeks until its scheduled grand reopening, the Austin Music Hall is still a hard-hat-required construction site...."
"...Who better than Austin's Riverboat Gamblers to belt out the unofficial theme song for Fun Fun Fun Fest? The..."
"...The Best of International Artists(Collectables) In the annals of psychedelia,..."
"...Recorded: The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators, "She Lives..."
"...In the mid-Sixties, the Rock Wife didn't really exist. There were..."
"...Eye Mind: The Saga of Roky Erickson and the 13th Floor Elevators,..."
"...I Have Always Been Here Before: The Roky Erickson Anthology (Shout! Factory)..."
"...Misidentified for his contributions to the 13th Floor Elevators' 1966 debut, The Psychedelic Sounds Of..."
"...Steve Miller's diamond career arcs from the postwar blues of the Fifties to his induction into..."


text:
Game Of Thrones Star Cast As Prince Phillip In Netflix Series The Crown
By Kieran Simpson
Game of Thrones star Jonathan Pryce has been cast as Prince Phillip in Netflix series The Crown.
The actor, who was nominated for an Oscar earlier this year, will play the Duke of Edinburgh in the final two series of the show.
Pryce, 73, will star opposite Imelda Staunton, 64, as The Queen and Lesley Manville, 64, as her sister, Princess Margaret.
Series 4 of The Crown will air later this year and will cover the late 1970s and 1980s.
Pryce will begin in his role in the final series which will cover the 90s and 00s.
game of thrones netflix Prince Phillip Royal Family the crown
Ex 'Dance Moms' Stars Are Making Videos About How Traumatising The Show Was
Locky's Ex-Girlfriend's Shock Claims About Why He Is On 'The Bachelor'
Bella & Irena Tipped As Favourites To Steal Locky's Heart In The Bachelor
Is Anyone Else Trying To Figure Out If They Love Or Hate Zoe-Clare From Bachie?


Welcome to the Oregon Leadership Network's monthly blog series. Topics relate to building the capacity of education leaders to sustain research-based equitable practices across Oregon's P–20 education system. Learn more about the Oregon Leadership Network.
I often don't know what to do when I hear these statements. My mind fills in the blanks or falls readily into the unspoken and heavy inference of race and ability stereotype. Inevitably, I end in a place of blind anger.
The propensity is to linger in that emotion, but if centered too long in it, it consumes. As that anger fades or transitions, characterized by a forced necessity, it yields to a yearning for understanding. To be clear, this understanding is not an acceptance of the statement but rather an insight that allows for dissection of the sentiments beneath with an intent to change a disenfranchising paradigm.
Through that analysis, there is a perspective shift—a look out into crowded high school hallways, a look out into the student ranks of all of our schools. "See that diverse student body? See that community blessed with ethnic and racial diversity? These kids that you see look like your kids because they are your kids." Then the realization comes, painfully obvious yet previously hidden.
The sentiments fueling the above statement are grounded in white privilege and built upon the assumption that culpability lies with those who don't take advantage of opportunities put before them. "We built it so why didn't they come?" That's where the understanding should start, understanding that a perspective that rides shotgun with white privilege pure and simple is narrow and, by design, will blind.
It's quite simple—don't wait to recruit educators of color until after they graduate from high school. Instead reverse engineer a career pathway down to ninth grade with a set of experiences, internships and themes related to education. Most importantly, once the pathway is engineered, target children of color and ethnic diversity already in college-preparatory classes, or the like, as potential candidates.
So, starting with the universities—are there programs out there to recruit minority children into the education field? Well, yes and no. There have been programs in Oregon and elsewhere that have targeted students of color and solicited them into education studies for years. The metrics, though, affirm the impact has been nominal, and to be frank, I wouldn't even need a metric. In my district I can count the instructors of color on one hand. What I see are splashes of color in a sea of white.
It all starts with conversation, and, really, it took about a year of floating the idea around to anyone and everyone who would listen: teachers, administrators, parents, advocacy groups, and especially universities. Again, I say especially universities—all layers of a university: graduate studies, undergraduate studies, the education department, dual credit department, etc. Usually, after each conversation with a university, there is a lot of generated interest, but what I found was that until money was folded into the equation, nothing moved—that's when the conversation shifted from theoretical to concrete. "Invest a dollar today for two tomorrow." That's the concept we were selling that helped get universities to listen. For example, if I have 40 children go through the program and all earn credit and admission to the university, that's 40 children who would potentially pay tuition in subsequent years. There is a fiscal payoff for higher education to invest early—to put some significant skin in the game. To get this off the ground, that's what we needed, whether in the form of reduced credit cost, automatic enrollment, or flexibility in program design.
Once we had a university interested, we looked at program models that already existed, ones that we felt could be easily modified. We landed with the Portland State University senior inquiry model, which in case you don't know, is a collaborative inquiry model of instruction in which two high school teachers and a university faculty member co-teach high school students for two periods the entire year yielding 15 university credits, the respective high school credits, and automatic enrollment in the university. We took this model, adjusted the theme to education, and deliberately and specifically targeted our Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) kids for enrollment. AVID is truly a prep course designed to supports kids for the rigors of a university. AVID gives exposure and refinement of those essential, prerequisite skills that allow students to be successful. All of these children would be first-generation college goers, and in our district almost all are children of color and/or of ethnic diversity. We just connected the already moving pieces by highlighting pathways across secondary and higher education.
To say the least, teachers cannot be assigned to an initiative like this, so it pays to invest significant energy into initial conversations and subsequent follow ups. We had lots of these, both within our district and on site with our partners. We even took the time to see like models in action. This was the piece that sealed the deal for the teachers, taking it from the abstract and "just another initiative" and putting it into the realm of desirable practice.
From the onset , our goal was to increase our ranks of teachers of color and this particular summative metric won't be measured for some time—at least four years upon graduation of college and getting a job as a teacher. We needed to come up with something for the interim and had discussions and eventually outlined indicators or formative metrics to judge whether we're headed in the right direction. The most obvious metrics would be graduation percentage for those participating in the pathway program and the other is how many students matriculated into university into an education program. As we get further into it, I'm positive we'll refine our formative metrics to be more discrete and telling of success. This is new territory between two entities that don't historically have clear articulation between them. Bridges will need to be built.
What I have outlined is our initial roadmap to changing a practice so that we can better meet our district personnel needs and more importantly the needs of some of our more underserved children. There is much more work to be done and as with all initiatives there is chance of failure. That's just what it is. We are in process of finalizing agreements for a 2015–16 implementation. We are also in process to articulating what the experience would look like in grades 9, 10, and 11. My ultimate hope is to create a fully articulated pathway starting in ninth going through twelfth grade where participants earn their associate's degree and can enter university with a focus around a career of need.
Chris Russo serves as chief academic officer in the Reynolds School District based in Fairview, Oregon.


text:
Q: Fixed size widget in QBoxLayout in QScrollArea I am developping a Qt application that run on full screen on an embedded system (BeagleBone Black with 4d 4.3'' touchscreen). I want to display a varying number of fixed width custom widget (let's say those are simple sliders for examples). So my thought was to have a QScrollArea, which I added to my form using Qt Designer, which take must of the space on my screen. Then, put the number of QSlider I want in a QHBoxLayout. And finally, display the QHBoxLayout in the scroll area. This way, I want a horizontal scroll bar to appear if the number of QSlider asked is to big to be displayed on the screen. I also want the QSlider to have a constant width (my custom widget has a fixed width). So this is the code I have written:
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    // ui->scrollArea is a QScrollArea generated by Qt Designer
    ui->setupUi(this);
    QHBoxLayout * layout = new QHBoxLayout(ui->scrollArea);
    layout->setSpacing(1);
    QSlider * slider1 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider2 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider3 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider4 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    slider1->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider2->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider3->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider4->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    layout->addWidget(slider1);
    layout->addWidget(slider2);
    layout->addWidget(slider3);
    layout->addWidget(slider4);
    ui->scrollArea->setLayout(layout);
}

The result gives a square box without any scroll bars and with overlapping sliders.
I tried to add:
slider1->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
slider2->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
slider3->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
slider4->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));

But same result.
So what's the proper way to display fixed size content in a fixed size scroll area?

A: Alright, I found the response while writing the question, so as others seems to have the same problem, I post the solution with a complete example.
The solution is to pass by another QWidget before the QScrollArea, so it gives the following structures (with parent in brakets) [and type in square brakets]
ui->scrollArea [QScrollArea]
|\
|  widget (ui->scrollArea) [QWidget]
| |\
| | layout (widget) [QHBoxLayout]
| | |\
| | | slider1 (layout->widget()) [QSlider]
| | | slider2 (layout->widget()) [QSlider]
| | | slider3 (layout->widget()) [QSlider]
| | | slider4 (layout->widget()) [QSlider]

Which is implemented by the following code:
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    QWidget * widget = new QWidget(ui->scrollArea);
    QHBoxLayout * layout = new QHBoxLayout(widget);
    layout->setSpacing(1);
    QSlider * slider1 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider2 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider3 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    QSlider * slider4 = new QSlider(layout->widget());
    slider1->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider2->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider3->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider4->setFixedSize(200, 200);
    slider1->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
    slider2->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
    slider3->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
    slider4->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::Fixed));
    layout->addWidget(slider1);
    layout->addWidget(slider2);
    layout->addWidget(slider3);
    layout->addWidget(slider4);
    widget->setLayout(layout);
    ui->scrollArea->setWidget(widget);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I wonder what GBDad will be watching tonight?
That post was on Saturday. Game 7! Sorry GBdad.
In reference to the MNF Packers/49ers game...I was there. Listening to the Brewers game with earbuds. If I didn't already have tickets, I wouldn't have gone. Wife really wanted to go to the Packers game though.
Was at Game 7. Pretty rough. Very cool experience though. Made it to 4 of the 6 home playoff games. Not that it matters, but heard them talking on MLB Network radio that the Brewers were two swings away from sweeping that series. The Turner home run in Game 2, and a base hit in the 13 inning game in Game 4. Didn't get it done, but that's how close they were.
I think they'll be good again next year. But the Cubs are pissed and will do anything to buy their way back to the top. Harper? Machado? Another $150M Pitcher? Two of the three probably. Cardinals are going to get better. Tough to make the post season. This might have been the Crew's chance for this particular window. Not that they're going to get worse, but everyone else is going to get better.
Like the Dodgers had ANY chance against Boston.
I was hoping for at least a game 7. Chin up Yankee fans!
Can't find the post I posted earlier but this guy told Brewer fans that Yelich was a "Total Player". Nice job kid getting the MVP. Congrats toe De Grom of the Metropolitans in getting the CY Young award in the NL with a 10-9 record. Like nothing I have ever seen before. The dicier the situation got the better he got.
Mets are making a splash so far! Lights out closer and the Mariners are paying half of Cano's contract - can't imagine they're done. Cardinals landed Goldschmidt and with that one move are probably on par with the Brewers. If they add a starter and get a closer (Kimbrell maybe) look out. Cubs will certainly do something and won't be any worse than they were last year. Brewers of course are sitting on their laurels. Made their moves last winter but won't be enough to sustain success with the two big boys in the division getting better. Going to count on the bullpen and young starters in 2019 (Burnes, Woodruff, Peralta). Heard they're in on J.T. Realmuto and have interest in Bumgarner. Don't see either of those materializing.
Thing about small markets is that with player development, shrewd moves, and a little luck you have a very short window to challenge to win it. Had it in 2011 and it was 7 years before a return to the playoffs. One game from the Series last year. Gonna be good again next year but not unthinkable that they could sink to 3rd or 4th place in the division. The cycle begins anew. Competitive for the next 3 or 4 years but not quite getting there. Yelich will get a payday and it won't be in Milwaukee. Hader will get a huge deal and the Brewers can't pay a 7th/8th inning guy $16M/yr. Cain will be at the end of his career. And if any of the young rotation arm develop they'll be moved in a deadline deal before free agency for prospects. Another 3-4 years to develop a new group. See you in the playoffs in 2025!
I am not crazy about the Cano trade to the Mets. He makes a lot of money but never a leader. Too busy styling than hustling. It could get ugly. He just wanted to come back to NY and enjoy his fortunes.


Cambridge Judge Business School have a new opportunity for an Asia & Australasia Alumni Engagement Manager to join the based in Central Cambridge. You will join us on a full time, permanent basis and receive a competitive salary of up to £30,395 - £39,609 per annum.
Cambridge Judge Business School leverages the power of academia for real world impact to transform individuals, organisations and society. Since 1990, Cambridge Judge has forged a reputation as a centre of rigorous thinking and high-impact transformative education, situated within one of the world's most prestigious research universities, and in the heart of the Cambridge Cluster, the most successful technology entrepreneurship cluster in Europe.
The Asia & Australasia Alumni Engagement Manager role exists to ensure students and alumni are well connected to and educated about the alumni network. It also ensures that relationships with key alumni volunteers within their region of responsibility are maintained, and allowing them to foster and facilitate mutual benefits into the School and back into the alumni community that help CJBS to sustain and grow its reputation as a leading business school and to strength the global CJBS community of advocates and ambassadors.
If you would like to join the team as our Asia & Australasia Alumni Engagement Manager, or find out more information, then please click 'apply' today – we'd love to hear from you!
Closing date for applications is 13 March 2019.


What is the criterion for participants to feature in the festival?
We have to like their film!
What we look for is the real question.
Firstly, we seek a story, and a story that is about exceptional people, extreme circumstances or a story told in a new, bold, fresh and innovative way.
And lastly, for a film to be selected for Raindance it needs to be extremely good. If a filmmaker's film doesn't make it into Raindance there are plenty of other really good festivals like Sundance, Cannes, Toronto and Berlin.
We've been so conditioned to expect the Hollywood formula that anything outside of it represents a challenge for the stereotypical mass market watching public so that then represents a challenge for the film makers. The challenge is, do they produce films that art considered 'arty' and just for the critics who like non formulaic artistic film product with all the commercial implications of this?
Here is the common misconception about Hollywood.
Hollywood is not a filmmaking industry – it is a marketing business. And they create products that they can market using their formidable marketing ability and budgets. And of course they use the stars – actors that they have created with their marketing machinery.
Hollywood occasionally gets blackmailed by a filmmaker like Terrance Mallick (Thin Blue Line) or Chris Nolan (Inception) to make arty films, but they do it because they are forced to do it (by the filmmakers), not because they want to do it.
What are the festival's 3 biggest commercial successes using 'the Raindance route'?
If investors wanted to back one of the films with a modest amount of money, how would they go about it?
As a follow up, if a book publisher wanted to turn (fund) one of their scripts into film with a fairly modest investment, how would they go about it?
The first thing any screenwriter, or holder of intellectual property needs to do is to find a producer. The producer will assess the market value of the finished film and then create a business plan and seek appropriate finance, supervise the making of the film and its eventual release.
Usually it's the other way around -a producer will seek out the screenplay rights to a novel or manuscript from the rights holder – in many cases the publishing company.
Obviously the silver screen has a huge potential to influence the public. With it comes a huge responsibility. What does the inclusion of somebody like Julian Assange on the Jury for the Raindance festival say in relation to that responsibility.
Previous jurors like Iggy Pop, Marky Ramone, Lemmy and Mick Jones have each had their own brushes with the civil and moral codes of western society. Julian Assange is no stranger to civil actions – he has been charged some two dozen times for hacking offences. His life work however will become known as textbook case studies on the use and power of social media. This does not mean that I or Raindance condone his personal life.
How do you reconcile your Amish background with what you do now? Will you try and popularise film-watching among the Amish community (the question is based on the assumption that they have not changed substantially from the way they were represented in the film Witness with Harrison Ford)?
The Amish community is well aware of my life work and they are proud of the way I have managed to make many people aware of issues around the world. It would be a futile mission to actually get them to watch movies. Having long since left the community, we watch each other with pride from afar. Much of what I do is firmly rooted in my Amish background. You can take the boy out of the Amish community, but you will never ever take the Amish out of the boy.


Whether it's the Vegas Pool Party, or stepping out onto your vacation resort , ladies, you must have a SI_Mee_Collection gown. With sheer elegance and attention to the spotlight, SI_Mee_clients are all too familiar that they own their space for attention. We cater to all sizes, including XXL as we custom make our garments to size. With vibrant colors and one of a kind designs, Si_Mee is the one and only Vegas boutique that is here for the VIP Pool Party ladies.
contact us at 702-913-4141 for directions to a wide array of styles.
Fashion designer - Rosemarie Macklin featured in (Vogue UK, Vanity Fair, Modern Luxury magazine) is from the Island of Jamaica. She grew up in England where she merged her love for fashion creating period piece designs with Pool/beach wear elegance.
April,5th starting at 4pm and again at 7pm End of Winter SALE with FB Live. Si_Mee_Collections will be hosting a fashion show live with discount from 50% and more on custom designs. Our New summer line will be amazing and you will have a preview of our new lines.


text:
Q: Tablesorter: External Checkbox to Filter I'm trying to use an external checkbox to filter the table based on the contents of a column. The only related questions/solutions I've found are dealing with checkboxes inside the table used for sorting purposes.
Desired Functionality: For the sake of simplicity, let's say column 4 contains either a 0 or 1. When this external checkbox is checked, I'd like it to filter the results (where column 4 contains the value 1).
Working Alternative: When using an external select (dropdown), I can achieve the desired functionality. The select element (<select id="test_select" name="test_select" class="search" data-column="4">) has an option (<option value="1">1</option>) and then, inside the "widgetOptions" configuration, have filter_external: '.search'.
But a having a select with one option doesn't make sense as far as usability is concerned.
Any suggestions?

A: Use the "search" method to perform any queries on the table data.
Here is an example
HTML
<label><input id="findzeroes" type="checkbox"> Find Zeroes</label>

Script
$(function() {

  $('#findzeroes').on('change', function(){
    var query = [];
    if (this.checked) {
      // target 4th column (zero-based index)
      query[3] = '0';
    }
    $('table').trigger('search', [ query ]);
  });

  $('table').tablesorter({
    theme: 'blue',
    widgets: ['zebra', 'filter']
  });
});

Using a <select> instead of a checkbox will also work.

A: I wanted to turn a multiple column filter on and off with a checkbox, but found @Mottie's answer didn't do the trick because it doesn't allow for filter_external and data-column="7,8" type filtering.
So I just created a hidden field which has the data-column="7,8" attribute and use jQuery to change its value when the checkbox is changed, and also to trigger a keyup event.
$('#checkboxId').on('change', function(){
    var filterTerm = $(this).prop('checked') ? '?' : ''
    $('#hiddenFieldId').val(filterTerm).keyup()
})

I use a filter value of '?' which is a non space character, that could be anything you'd type into a normal filter field.


Mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and unmanageable stress affect one-in-six British workers.
Work-related mental ill health costs the UK economy between £33bn and £42bn a year through lost working days, staff turnover and lower productivity.
Yet mental health is still a taboo subject with employers and employees unsure of how to confront the issue.
In this podcast Caroline Robinson, of the mental health charity Mind, explains what employers can do to minimise the impact.
To download a copy of Taking Care of Business, Mind's guide for employers to mentally healthy workplaces, click here.
To download Mind's Guide to Wellness action plans for line managers or employees, click here.
For information about how Mind can work with individual businesses, contact your local branch: Carlisle Eden; Furness; South Lakeland; West Cumbria.


text:
Lista giochi multiplayer free
Cercando in rete ho trovato una bella lista completa di tutti (o quasi) i giochi multiplayer gratis reperibili in rete.
http://play-free-online-games.com/games/games_all.html
La lista è in ordine alfabetico ma io avrei intenzione di catalogare i giochi per genere. A questo fine, dato che è un lavoraccio immane, chiedo formalmente l'aiuto dei più volenterosi fra voi, magari ci dividiamo i generi, ognuno si occupa di estrarre e mettere insieme tutti i titoli appartenenti al genere che ha scelto. Io potrei dedicarmi agli FPS. Chi ci sta?
================================================== ======================
Alien Arena 2006
"What would happen if you took Quake 3 Arena, UT, a few Martians, some weird robots and gadgets, threw them in a blender and pressed the button? You'd have Alien Arena 2006, that's what!"
Free to play indefinitely.
http://red.planetarena.org/
"A thrilling first-person action game. Become a member of the world's premier land force; trained and equipped to achieve decisive victory?anywhere. Earn the right to call yourself a Soldier, letting the enemies of freedom know that America's Army has arrived..."
http://www.americasarmy.com/
Counter-Strike 2D
A fun little 2D top-down version of the game Counter-Strike.
http://www.cs2d.com/
Face of Mankind
"The plot is constantly evolving, with new missions created constantly. High ranked players create missions which are split and handed down through the hierarchy. The objective of the game is to evolve your character to its ultimate potential, whether that is the accumulation of wealth, power, social status or all three."
Free, with option to pay for additional features.
http://www.fomportal.com/
A multiplayer 3D FPS game based on a totally new and unconventional engine with built-in level editor, IM, range of maps and a range of weapons. Availible for Linux, Windows, MacOS X, BSD.
http://www.cubeengine.com/
GunZ is not your ordinary gunz fighting game. It allows you to imitate a famous hero, create your own fashion style, and perform a number of different actions such as shooting or stabbing whilst running and jumping on the walls.
http://www.gunzonline.com
"Soldat is a unique side-view multiplayer action game. It takes the best from games like Liero, Worms, Quake and Counter-Strike and gives you fast action gameplay with tons of blood and flesh. Soldiers fight against each other on 2D battle arenas using a deadly military arsenal. This is what multiplayer was invented for."
http://www.soldat.pl/main.php
3D online mech fighting game.
http://sco.gpotato.com/
Tactical Ops
"Powered by the award-winning Unreal engine, TacticalOps: Assault on Terror throws you into the life-and-death world of counterterrorism. Join the Special Forces or the Terrorists in a subversive battle of good versus evil. The side you choose is up to you. In the end, only one can triumph."
http://www.tactical-ops.de/
Tank Ball
Drive around in a tank with a double barreled cannon destroying all your foes! Team-based, with good graphics.
http://www.maidmarian.com/Tank.htm
"Tanks 3D is, you guessed it, a 3D tank action game that supports LAN/Internet/single player play. It's tough, addictive and fun. It randomly generates new scenery to keep the odds fair, keep the odds favorable, and make it worth playing over and over again. So pick a fight with somebody and challenge them to a duel; it's worth the brawl."
http://www.deaddybear.com/tanks3d.php
Warrock
"War Rock is an exciting military, multiplayer, online FPS that combines large scale vehicle combat, adrenaline pumping team combat and special ops close quarters combat all in one game."
http://warrock.net/
Una specie di Quake
http://www.warsow.net/
Multiplayer Tank Ball
Hunt down enemy tanks in the forest and give 'em some double barreled tank shooting action. Choose a screenname and join a battle.
http://maidmarian.com/
Il famoso sparatutto ambientato nella II guerra mondiale, nel mondo di RTCW.
http://enemy-territory.4players.de:1041/news.php
Esiste anche uno splendido mod che adatta W:ET alla guerra moderna: True combat Elite che potete scaricare qui http://www.truecombatelite.net/compo...,select/id,37/
FEAR combat
il multiplayer del famoso FPS horror è gratis
http://www.joinfear.com/main
================================================== =====================
"ARC! Attack - Retrieve - Capture - that's what ARC is about. Join one of four mini-armadas, mixing it up with as many as 64 players at a time in this free, Internet-based, multiplayer action/strategy game. Capture your rivals' flag, dominate the map or crush all opposition. Fast, low-latency and effortless to install, ARC launches you into the team multiplayer experience with a full payload of adrenaline and it's ABSOLUTELY FREE!"
http://www.arc-hq.net/
Discordi
"You gain IQ points by landing on bonus steps, but watch out though, there are some very lethal steps as well! Take caution though: You must also be careful of sudden solar winds, meteor showers, and ion storms that can slow you down or wipe you out!" Plot against your friends and do whatever it takes to come out on top.
http://www.discordi.com/
GamePass
As an introductory offer GamePass is giving away free 30 day memberships, which comes with one free game of your choice from over 300 (mostly puzzle games, but many other options as well). High quality games.
Free trial period, then pay to continue playing.
http://www.dpbolvw.net/click-1891033-10389581
Multris
Multiplayer Tetris.
Free, with option to pay for additiatures.
http://www.spogg.com/
Paintball 3 Extreme
"Paint Ball 3 EXTREME is a fun, free, online top-down action game based on the popular sport paint ball, but it will appeal to any action gamer or paint ball lover. This is not like normal paint ball though... it is to the extreme!"
http://www.zooptek.net/Paint_Ball_3_EXTREME/
"An addictive action puzzle game with single player and multiplayer capabilities (Internet or LAN)."
http://quadra.sourceforge.net/
Robostrike
"Welcome to Robostrike online: a real-time online free game. This flash game offers strategy and action and lets you compete against other online players. Here, you take control of a robot, slugging it out for survival with other players and trying to catch all the computer chips scattered over the game board. And if you want, you can even custom-build your own game board playing environment."
http://www.robostrike.com/
TetriNET 2
http://tetrinet.emugaming.com/tnet2-index.html
SIMULATORI SPAZIALI
"Tired of mindless shooters? Welcome to the multiplayer space combat simulation where teamwork is king!"
http://www.freeallegiance.org/
DarkSpace
DarkSpace is a Multiplayer Online Game set in the time of space travel and interstellar warfare. Combines tactical ship to ship combat with strategy in a team orientated game. Players gain prestige, which expands their ship privileges.
Free, with option to pay for additional feat
http://www.darkspace.net/
EVE is a sci-fi massively multiplayer online game. Players take the role of spaceship pilots seeking fame, fortune, and adventure in a huge, complex, exciting, and sometimes hostile galaxy.
https://secure.eve-online.com/ft/?aid=101002
Hostile Space
"Hostile Space is a massively multiplayer online role playing game that takes place in a vast persistent galaxy. Players take on the role of a star ship captain with goals including planetary exploration, mining, bounty hunting, smuggling goods, and taking on terrible space monsters. "
Free trial period, then pay to conlaying.
https://www.hostilespace.com
Netrek
"Netrek is a multiplayer battle simulation game with a Star Trek theme. Up to 16 players are divided into two teams representing the Empires that fight for dominion over the galaxy."
http://www.netrek.org/
Futuristic science fiction RPG. Step almost 30,000 years into the future, to an age where common surgical implants and microscopic nano-bots can relieve most forms of human suffering... or transform even a child into a weapon of destructive force.
http://www.anarchy-online.com/
Cabal Online
Fast paced, sword wielding action and beautiful combat moves in this fantasy RPG.
http://www.cabalonline.net/
Dark Ages is an online role-playing game set in a fantasy world of faeries and magic. DCustomize your character and go adventuring.
http://www.darkages.com/
http://www.eve-online.com/
"Beyond this mystic gate,you'll acquire power with unique weaponry and magic spells. Battle creatures that lurk within the dungeon's corridors." Fantasy RPG with distinctive graphics.
http://www.fatethegame.com
Fly For Fun
User friendly fantasy RPG with beautiful anime style graphics. Fly over the landscape at higher levels. There is a PK server which allows players to fight amongst themselves. Form a party or fight on your own.
http://flyff.gpotato.com/
Forsaken MU
An evolutionary step from MU Online, this game features faster progress and a greater assortment of weapons than the original.
http://www.forsaken-mu.com
An anime role playing community. Features chat forums, a variety of different clothes, your own house, furniture, Your own home page, fishing, slots, cards, and towns to explore.
http://www.gaiaonline.com/
Brilliant graphics on an epic scale, choose armour and weapons then join a guild and fight grand battles.
http://www.guildwars.com/
Hero Online
3D RPG set in feudal China with good graphics, gameplay and audio. Join armies, hunt other players for bouty, even have pets.
http://www.hero.netgame.com/
Illusia
"Illusia is a world of mystery, wonder, and beauty. We hope you will enjoy it! There are many aspects to the world of Illusia, and you will find it quite different from other on-line games. There are ten races to choose from, twelve Guilds to choose from, which forms the basis for character classes, and many Orders to promote role-playing."
http://www.felhaven.net:81/
This multiplayer game is cooperative, and has a player vs player option. Features good 3D graphics and a large world to explore. Character classes include mage, rogue, priest, and warrior. Client is a long download, but it's worth it.
http://www.knight-online.com.my/
"Experience an immersive and dramatic fantasy world known for its unique political and economic systems. Engage in regular castle sieges, exciting monster encounters, and epic clan vs. clan warfare."
http://www.lineage2.com/
Maple Story is a a classic anime style RPG featuring various "job" types (Bowman, Warrior, Magician, and Theif). To level up players must defeat monsters, gain items, and complete quests.
http://www.mapleglobal.com/
Minions of Mirth
MMORPG that can be played online or offline and is fully modable. Windows and Mac compatible. Three realms, Good, Evil, and Monster. Ability to multiclass up to three professions. Custom chat features even when playing offline.
http://www.prairiegames.com/
A massively multiplayer online RPG with stunning graphics. MU has over 100,000 combinations of armors, weapons and defensive tools. Therefore, as you slowly and lovingly build your character, you will be amazed and overwhelmed by the majesty of your efforts.
http://www.muonline.com
Pirate King Online
Humorous online pirate game. Exaggerated movements and actions as well as objects with an atmosphere that is overall relaxed makes it interesting and unusual.
http://www.piratekingonline.com/
Priston Tale
An RPG with great graphics. Choose between 2 different tribes, explore the world And join other players' parties, all in real time. Available in English, Korean and several other languages.
http://www.pristontale.com/
Project Entropia
"In Project Entropia you will able to enter a whole world with amazing three-dimensional environments using a computer and the internet. It will be a massive virtual world where millions of users can interact with each other at the same time. Project Entropia will have a real economy system that allows you as a user to exchange real life money into PED (Project Entropia Dollars) and then back into a real currency again."
http://www.project-entropia.com/
An anime style online RPG based on Norse mythology. Very funny, lots of character classes. Graphics are 2D isometric; not cutting edge but beautiful nonetheless.
http://iro.ragnarokonline.com/
Rakion
This game focuses on intense sword on sword battles with RPG style characters and settings, along with the strategic battle plans to provide the ultimate battle experience.
http://www.rakion.com/
Fight in a beautiful 3D world with many monsters, skills and weapons. Choose from 3 classes. Follow a class path, take on a pet and much more.
http://rappelz.gpotato.com/
Rose Online
Rose online is an action packed RPG with excellent graphics and combat based battle style.
http://www.roseon.com/
More than a game, this is an entire virtual world with limitless options... create your own objects and buildings (even own an island!), dance, chat, share music, soar through the sky... all with outstanding graphics. If you have a creative flare, this is definitely worth checking out.
http://secondlife.com/
Shadowbane
Though controls may take some getting used to, this game provides plenty of races, classes, spells, weapons, armor... Group combat is rewarded and pvp.
http://www.shadowbane.com/us/
Beautifully rendered RPG set in ancient China.
http://www.silkroadonline.net/
Xiah
Xiah is an asian martial arts MMORPG with four classes to choose from. The game is mainly based on combat and there are unique ways of developing your character.
http://gamescampus.com/xiah/
Noeren
we se serve aiuto ci sono anche io
Darkito
mi offro pure io come volontario....
P.S: C1cc10 ma c'è una retribuzione per il lavoro svolto vero!? :cannabis:
Originariamente Scritto da Darkito
8000 mila calci nel sedere:-P
Allora, potremmo riunire i giochi nelle seguenti categorie:
1) Sparatutto FATTO
2) Giochi di ruolo FATTO
3) Giochi di strategia/wargames
3) Simulatori spaziali FATTO
4) Browser games (tipo ogame, travian, ecc.)
5) Giochi di corse
6) Puzzle games FATTO
7) Altro genere (per i titoli non facilmente classificabili)
Scegliete la vostra categoria e riuniteci tutti i giochi che vi appartengono, copiando dal sito il titolo del gioco, la breve descrizione e il link del sito internet dove scaricarlo.
Forza fatevi avanti!
Bene....io posso "accollarmi" i <puzzle game> e i <simulatori spaziali>...
Editata la prima pagina con la lista di tutti gli sparatutto.
Si accetta collaborazione. :)