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B.ALFOplus80.3.01-13_v1.pdf
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ALFOplus2 User Manual - Mn00356e
Siaemic ALFOplus2.l
ALFOPlus
Access Link Full Outdoor
MN.00273.E - 001 Volume 1/1
The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice. Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the international regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. Unless otherwise specified, reference to a Company, name, data and address produced on the screen displayed is purely indicative aiming at illustrating the use of the product. MS-DOS, MS Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation HP, HP OpenView NNM and HPUX are Hewlett Packard Company registered trademarks. UNIX is a UNIX System Laboratories registered trademark. Oracle is a Oracle Corporation registered trademark. Linux term is a trademark registered by Linus Torvalds, the original author of the Linux operating system. Linux is freely distributed according the GNU General Public License (GPL). Other products cited here in are constructor registered trademarks.
Section 1. USER GUIDE
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ............................................................................... 5 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY RULES .......................................... 6 2.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK ..................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Artificial respiration .................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Treatment of burns .................................................................................. 6 2.2 2.3 SAFETY RULES .................................................................................................. 7 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical & electronic equipment) ..... 9
PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL ............................................................10 3.1 3.2 3.3 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL .................................................................................10 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ..........................................................................10 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL .............................................................................10
Section 2. DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATION
LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................13 4.1 LIST OF ACRONYMS ..........................................................................................13
PRESENTATION OF ALFOPlus RADIO SYSTEM ..........................................................15 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 GENERAL.........................................................................................................15 APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................15 5.2.1 Functionality ..........................................................................................16 PROGRAMMABILITY ..........................................................................................16 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................17 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ..............................................................................22
DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFOPlus26 6.1 6.2 GENERAL.........................................................................................................26 DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................26
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
6.2.1 Baseband processor ................................................................................27 6.2.2 TRX Transceiver unit ...............................................................................27 6.2.3 Firmware ...............................................................................................27 6.2.4 Web Lct .................................................................................................27 6.2.5 Switch for Ethernet ports .........................................................................28 6.2.6 Synchronisation ......................................................................................29 6.2.7 Adaptive code modulation ........................................................................30 6.2.8 ATPC and ACM interaction ........................................................................31 6.3 6.4 6.5 LOOPS ............................................................................................................32 ALARM SYSTEM ................................................................................................33 CHARACTERISTICS ...........................................................................................34 6.5.1 Electrical characteristics...........................................................................34 6.5.2 Line Interface Characteristics....................................................................41 6.5.3 Power supply and cable ...........................................................................51 6.5.4 Size ......................................................................................................51 6.5.5 Weights .................................................................................................51 6.5.6 Environmental conditions .........................................................................51
Section 3. INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION OF ALFOPlus SYSTEM ......................................................................55 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 GENERAL INFORMATION TO BE READ BEFORE THE INSTALLATION..........................55 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................56 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................56 7.3.1 Standard coupling kit ..............................................................................56 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA .............57 7.4.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................57 7.4.1.1 7.4.1.2 7.5 1+0 ODU with integrated antenna ..............................................57 1+1 ODU with integrated antenna ..............................................58
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA...............58 7.5.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................58 7.5.1.1 7.5.1.2 7.5.1.3 1+0 ODU with separated antenna...............................................59 1+1 ODU with separated antenna...............................................60 Waveguide towards the antenna.................................................60
GROUNDING ....................................................................................................61 USER CONNECTORS..........................................................................................67
Section 4. LINE-UP
LINE-UP OF ALFOPlus SYSTEM .................................................................................71 8.1 8.2 8.3 GENERAL.........................................................................................................71 SWITCH ON .....................................................................................................71 ALARM LED CHECK ...........................................................................................72
CONNECTION PROCEDURE.................................................................................72 FIRST CONFIGURATION.....................................................................................73 OPTIMIZING ANTENNA ALIGNMENT WITH RX MEASUREMENT .................................75 ODU ACCESSING AND REMOTE MANAGEMENT......................................................78 FIRMWARE ......................................................................................................78 ADAPTIVE MODULATION....................................................................................79
Section 5. MAINTENANCE
ALFOPlus ALARMS AND LOOPS.................................................................................83 9.1 9.2 GENERAL.........................................................................................................83 ALARMS ..........................................................................................................83 9.2.1 Alarm indications ....................................................................................83 9.2.2 SCT/WebLCT displayed alarms..................................................................84
10 ALFOPlus MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................87 10.1 10.2 GENERAL.........................................................................................................87 MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................87 10.2.1 Periodical checks ....................................................................................87 10.2.2 Corrective maintenance (troubleshooting) ..................................................88 10.3 TROUBLESHOOTING .........................................................................................88 10.3.1 Faulty condition detection ........................................................................88 10.3.2 Troubleshooting of a faulty unit ................................................................89
Section 6. PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION
11 PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION .........................................................................91 11.1 11.2 GENERAL.........................................................................................................91 SUPERVISION THROUGH ETHERNET....................................................................91 11.2.1 General .................................................................................................92 11.2.2 Configurations ........................................................................................92 11.2.3 "Transparent in-band" management ..........................................................93 11.2.4 "VLAN based in-band" management ..........................................................94 11.2.5 "VLAN based In-band" drop node ..............................................................94 11.2.6 "Out-of-band" management .....................................................................95 11.2.7 Configurability ........................................................................................95 11.2.8 Address .................................................................................................95 11.2.9 Restore supervisioning access mode ..........................................................95
12 COMPOSITION .........................................................................................................97 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 GENERALS .......................................................................................................97 ALFOPlus SYSTEM IDENTIFYING LABEL................................................................97 AVAILABLE ALFOPlus VERSIONS .........................................................................97 ODU INSTALLATION KIT ....................................................................................99
Section 8. LISTS AND SERVICES
13 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................101 14 LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................105 15 ASSISTANCE SERVICE............................................................................................107
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Via Buonarroti, 21 - Cologno (MI) - Italy
DECLARES THAT THE PRODUCTS
Digital Radio Relay System ALFOPlus
comply with the essential requirements of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive (1999/05/EC) and therefore are marked: The following standards have been applied: IEEE 802.3 for Ethernet interface EN 301 489-4 for EMC EN 60950 for operator safety EN 302 217 for digital point to point fixed radio EN 300 132-2 characteristics of power supply EN 300 019 climatic characteristics (in operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storing: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3) The equipment makes use of non-harmonized frequency bands.Following the requirements of the R&TTE Directive (article 12) and the relevant decision of the EC, in term of classification of Radio Equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and associated identifiers, the ALFO shall carry the 'class 2' identifier: Cologno Monzese, 17/03/2008 On behalf of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Chairman and Executive Officer Alberto Mascetti
FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY RULES
FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Do not touch the bare hands until the circuit has been opened. pen the circuit by switching off the line switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the conductor.
Artificial respiration
It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedure for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.
Treatment of burns
This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).
Do not attempt to remove clothing from burnt sections Apply dry gauze on the burns Do not apply ointments or other oily substances.
Tab.1 - Artificial respiration Step Description Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body. If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (dentures, chewing gum, etc.). Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under the patients head and one under his neck. 2 Lift the patients head and let it recline backwards as far as possible. Figure
Shift the hand from the patients neck to his chin and his mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers closed together. 3 While performing these operations take a good supply of oxygen by taking deep breaths with your mouth open
With your thumb between the patients chin and mouth keep his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities
While performing these operations observe if the patients chest rises. If not it is possible that his nose is blocked: in that case open the patients mouth as much as possible by pressing on his chin with your hand, place your lips around his mouth and blow into his oral cavity. Observe if the patients chest heaves. This second method can be used instead of the first even when the patients nose is not obstructed, provided his nose is kept closed by pressing the nostrils together using the hand you were holding his head with. The patients head must be kept sloping backwards as much as possible. Start with ten rapid expirations, hence continue at a rate of twelve/fifteen expirations per minute. Go on like this until the patient has regained consciousness, or until a doctor has ascertained his death.
When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain components electrostatic charge sensitive.
Fig.1 - Components electrostatic charge sensitive indication
In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticized band (Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).
Fig.2 - Elasticized band
Fig.3 - Coiled cord
The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.
Fig.4 - Laser indication
CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical & electronic equipment)
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). This marking of Fig.5 shown on the product or its literature, indicates that it should not be disposed with other household wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or human health from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle it responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact either the retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where and how they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with other commercial wastes for disposal.
Fig.5 - WEEE symbol - 2002/96/CE EN50419
PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL
PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL
The purpose of this manual consists in providing for the user information which permit to operate and maintain the ALFOPlus radio equipment. Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/WebLCT management program windows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as helpon line.
AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE
The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment: a basic understanding of microwave transmission installation and maintenance experience on digital radio system a good knowledge of IP networks and routing policy.
STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL
The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section. Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.
Section 1 User Guide
It provides the information about the main safety rules and expounds the purpose and the structure of the manual.
Section 2 Description and specifications
It describes a general overview of the typical applications and in particular of the whole radio equipment.
Section 3 Installation
The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections. The content of the tool kit (if supplied) is also listed.
Section 4 LineUp
Lineup procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation. The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.
Section 5 Maintenance
The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify the faulty unit and to reestablish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.
Section 6 Programming and supervision
The ALFOPlus radio is programmed and supervised using different software tools. Some of them are already available, some other will be available in the future. This section lists the tools implemented and indicates if descriptions are already available. Each description of software tools is supplied in a separated manual.
Section 7 Composition
Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.
Section 8 Indexes and services
Lists of figures, list of tables and assistance service are shown in this section.
What follows is a list of acronyms used in this handbook: ACM AGC ATPC BBP BER CBS CF CIR CoS CVID DSCP EBS EIR ELP EVC FPGA IP ToS LACP Adaptive Code Modulation Automatic Gain Control Automatic Transmitted Power Control Base Band Processor Bit Error Rate Committed Burst Size Coupling Flag Committed Information Rate Class of Service Customer VLAN Identifier Differentiated Serviced Code Point Excess Burst Size Excess Information Rate Ethernet Line Protection Ethernet Virtual Connection Field Programmable Gate-Array Type of Service IP Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Link Trunk
LAN LLF LNA MAC MDI MDX MEF NE OAM ODU PLL POE PToS QAM RED RF RSSI RX SCT SNMP SVID TX UNI VCO VID VLAN WEBLCT WRR
Local Area Network Link Loss Forwarding Low Noise Amplifier Media Access Control Medium Dependent Interface Medium Dependent Interface Crossover Metro Ethernet Forum Network Element Operation Administration and Maintenance Outdoor Unit Phase Locked Loop Power Over Ethernet Priority Type of Service Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Random Early Drop Radio Frequency Received Signal Strength Indicator Direction from antenna to user Subnetwork Craft Terminal Simple Network Management Protocol Service VLAN Identifier Direction from user to antenna User Network Interface Voltage Controlled Oscillator Virtual Lan Identifier Virtual LAN WEB Local Craft Terminal Weighted Round Robin
PRESENTATION OF ALFOPLUS RADIO SYSTEM
ALFOPlus is a full-outdoor and full IP digital radio system for point-to-point applications, used for high capacity Ethernet transport (1 Gbps). The frequency range is from 6 GHz up to 42 GHz with hitless adaptive code modulation (from 4QAM up to 1024QAM). There are two available versions for ALFOPlus: Gigabit Electrical (GE) and Gigabit Optical (GO). This document provides a general overview of ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) radio equipment.
ALFOPlus is the ideal solution in urban environments foe all carrier-class applications in which the typical requirements are Ethernet connections: full IP radio, providing the foundation for a leading edge network fully integrable with 3G, 4G, LTE nodes and backhaul ideal for a fast and flexible evolution towards full IP network complementary solutions for fibre deploy last mile fibre extension for business customers ISP high capacity and performance, for LAN-to-LAN connections emergency wireless links zero footprint applications
ALFOPlus doesnt need any indoor unit; power supply can be directly by POE+ through the data cable or through a dedicated auxiliary port. Its available 1+0 or 1+1 radio system configurable via software following two versions of ALFOPlus: Electrical Gigabit Version 1x10/100/1000BaseT traffic port (in-band management is also available) with clock and synchronism recovery 1x10/100/1000BaseT supervision port with clock and synchronism recovery
Optical Gigabit Version 1x100/1000BaseX traffic port (In-Band management is also available) with clock and synchronism recovery 1x100/1000BaseT supervision port with clock and synchronism recovery.
SIAE ALFOPlus radio system presents the same functionalities of a switch (Layer 2). ALFOPlus radio system is able to forward Virtual LAN in transparent way or to manage incoming traffic filtering it or tagging it or dividing it in different VLAN. Traffic Flow control and Traffic priority capabilities can be enabled or disabled via LAN software. ALFOPlus Ethernet switch functionality: MAC switching, Learning and Ageing Jumbo Frame up to 10 kbytes MEF 10.2 bandwidth profiles for Ethernet Services 802.1Q VLAN/VLAN stacking QinQ and VLAN rewriting IEEE 802.3x Flow control Flexible QoS based on VLAN (IEEE 802.1p), MPLS Exp BIT, ToS/DSCP (IPV4 or IPV6) per Port, 802.1p rewrite with MPLS Queue Packet with Drop Policy: Tail Drop, Queue Drop, Red, Wred/Strict, WFQ, Mixed Ethernet Frame Fragmentation Advanced multi-layer 1/2/3/4 header compressor algorithm IEEE 802.1d STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) IEEE 802.1v RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) IEEE 802.1ag OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)/ITU-T y.1731/IEEE 802.3 ah IEEE 802.3ad LACP - Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Trunking Line or Link Aggregation IEEE 802.3af PoE - Power over Ethernet Enhanced Complete Synchronisation Management (IEEE 1588) ELP (Ethernet Line Protection) LLF (Link Loss Forwarding) Selective Rmon Statistics Based VLAN and Priority
ALFOPlus radio system is managed by a microprocessor that makes it totally programmable via software to perform the following functions: radio link management capacity and modulation Link ID Tx frequency and power ATPC (Automatic Transmission Power Control)
main management IP port configurable and supervisioning routing table remote element list alarm severity configuration (modify alarm) user manager (password, user, SNMP login)
operation and maintenance Rx signal threshold alarm performance monitoring (G.828, Rx PWR, Tx PWR, ACM) with alarm threshold S/N measure LAN summary, statistic basis on port, VLAN or Priority back-up/restore configuration software update report&logger maintenance (inventory, faul, commands) SNTP alignment
manual operations (depends on timeout) Tx transmitter OFF force switch synch radio BER test radio loop
Ethernet switch management and functionalities synchronisation
More links can be managed by LAN access (see Fig.7).
see Tab.2 2dB Tab.2 - Tx power
Tx power (at the antenna flange) Tolerance
Frequency Band (GHz) ALFOPlus series 6 7 11 13 15 18 23 26 28 32 38 42 4SQAM 27 27 26 26 26 21 21 20 19 18 17 15 4QAM 27 27 26 26 26 21 21 20 19 18 17 15
Guaranteed output power (dBm) 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM 25 25 24 24 24 19 19 18 17 16 15 13 25 25 24 24 24 19 19 18 17 16 15 13 23 23 22 22 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 23 23 22 22 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 23 23 22 22 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 23 23 22 22 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 23 23 22 22 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 22 22 21 21 21 16 16 15 14 13 12 10
RF output attenuation ATPC range Receiver threshold for BER=10-6
up to 20, 1 dB step software adjustable 20 dB implemented in 1 dB step see Tab.3
Tab.3 - Receiver thresholds (Interleaving enabled) Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 6 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 7 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz 4SQAM -93.5 -92.5 -89.5 -86.5 4QAM -91.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 4SQAM -95.5 -94.5 -91.5 -88.5 4QAM -93.0 -91.0 -88.0 -85.0 4SQAM -93.5 -92.5 -89.5 -86.5 4QAM -91.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 4SQAM -95.5 -94.5 -91.5 -88.5 4QAM -93.0 -91.0 -88.0 -85.0 @BER10-6 Physical Mode 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM -89.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -86.0 -84.5 -81.5 -78.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0
-78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0
@BER10
Physical Mode 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM -87.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -84.5 -82.5 -79.5 -76.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -80.0 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -71.0 -68.5 -66.0 -63.0 -67.5 -64.5 -62.0 -58.5
@BER10-6 Physical Mode 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM -89.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -86.5 -84.5 -81.5 -78.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -73.0 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -69.5 -66.5 -64.0 -60.5
Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 11 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 13 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 15 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz 4SQAM -93.0 -92.0 -89.0 -86.0 4QAM -90.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5 4SQAM -95.0 -94.0 -91.0 -88.0 4QAM -92.5 -90.5 -87.5 -84.5 4SQAM -93.0 -92.0 -89.0 -86.0 4QAM -90.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5 4SQAM -95.0 -94.0 -91.0 -88.0 4QAM -92.5 -90.5 -87.5 -84.5 4SQAM -93.0 -92.0 -89.0 -86.0 4QAM -90.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5 4SQAM -95.0 -94.0 -91.0 -88.0 4QAM -92.5 -90.5 -87.5 -84.5
@BER10-6 Physical Mode 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM -89.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.0 -78.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -81.5 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5
Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 42 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Modulation Net bit rate (RF channel spacing) 4SQAM -89.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5 4QAM -87.0 -85.0 -82.0 -79.0 4SQAM -91.5 -90.5 -87.5 -84.5 4QAM -89.0 -87.0 -84.0 -81.0
4QAM, up to 1024QAM depending on modulation type (see Tab.4) Tab.4 - Net Bit Rate
Bandwidth 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz -
4SQAM 9.295 16.393 32.956 65.912
4QAM 10.872 22.025 44.279 88.558
16SQAM 16.225 32.870 66.081 132.161
16QAM 21.080 42.705 85.854 171.708
64QAM 30.293 61.368 123.373 246.746
128QAM 36.102 71.137 147.034 294.068
1KQAM 53.572 108.529 218.185 436.369
Tx/Rx frequency spacing Tuning Frequency step Loop facility
see Tab.5 250 kHz RF loop, Baseband loop
The equipment complies with the following international standard: EMC RF channel arrangement EN 301 489-4 see Tab.5
RF loop is available for ALFOPlus version with isolator
Tab.5 - Go-return frequency Frequency band (GHz) 6L 6U 7.1 - 7.4 7.1 - 7.4 7.1 - 7.4 7.1 - 7.4 7.4 - 7.7 7.4 - 7.7 7.4 - 7.7 7.4 - 7.9 7.7 - 8.2 7.9 - 8.5 8.2 - 8.5 7.9 - 8.4 11 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 18 18 23 23 23 26 32 38 42 Duplex Spacing ITU-R F.383-8 and CEPT REC 14-01E - 252.04 MHz ITU-R F.384-10 - 340 MHz ITU-R F.385-9 Annex 3 - 196 MHz ITU-R F.385-9 - 161 MHz CEPT REC(02)06 - 154 MHz 168 MHz ITU-R F.385-9 - 161 MHz CEPT REC(02)06 - 154 MHz ITU-R F.385-9 Annex 3 - 168 MHz ITU-R F.385-9 Annex 4 - 245 MHz ITU-R F.386-8 Annex 6 - 311.32 MHz CEPT ECC REC(02)06 310 MHz ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 3 - 119/126 MHz ITU-R F.386-8 Annex 3 - 266 MHz CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F387-10 - 490/530 MHz ITU-R F.497 - CEPT ERC/REC 12-02 E - 266MHz ITU-R F636 - 420 MHz ITU-R F636 - 490 MHz ITU-R F636 - 644 MHz CEPT T/R 12-07 - 728 MHz CEPT - 315 MHz CEPT - 322 MHz ITU-R F.595 - CEPT REC T/R 12-03 - 1010 MHz ITU-R F.595 - Annex 7 - 1560 MHz ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 3 CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 4 - 1200 MHz ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex1 - 1232 MHz ITU-R F.748 - Annex 1 and CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz ITU-R F.1520 and CEPT Rec (01)02 - 812 MHz ITU-R F.749 and CEPT Rec T/R 12-01 - 1260 MHz ECC Rec (01)04 - 1500 MHz Channel number 3CH @ 29.65MHz 3CH @ 40MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 29.65MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 2CH @ 28MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 40MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 4CH @ 28MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 12CH @ 27.5MHz 15CH @ 27.5MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 16CH @ 28MHz 10CH @ 28MHz 20CH @ 28MHz 18CH @ 28MHz (520 MHz) Subbands 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 2 1 5 5 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 3
Digital fixed point to point Climatic characteristics Safety
EN 301 128 EN 300 019 (class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3) EN60950
Fig.6 - ALFOPlus front/side view
Inband management (without VLAN)
payload + manag.
ALFO Plus
ALFO Plus ALFO Plus
Outband management (without VLAN)
payload 1
Fig.7 - Reachable links in ALFOPlus sub-network
manag. 2
Inband management (with VLAN)
payload (VLANx) + manag. (VLANy)
DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFOPLUS
SIAE ALFOPlus is a radio system for digital link in full outdoor mechanics. ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) microwave radio system is available in various frequency ranges from 6 to 42 GHz. The Outdoor Unit can be easily installed and configured owing to its: reduced size easily orientable antenna broad operating temperature range high flexibility of line interfaces selection low consumption.
The first description given in the following first concerns the circuitry common to all the versions, then that of the line interfaces will follow.
The ALFOPlus consists of two PCB housed in a small size aluminium cabinet: or BBP-GO (Baseband processor Gigabit optical) TRx (IF and RF transceiver) BBP-GE (Baseband processor Gigabit electrical) TRx (IF and RF transceiver)
The description that follows (see Fig.16 and Fig.17) details the block diagrams of electrical and optical version.
Baseband processor
The baseband Processor unit (BBP) carries out the following operations: primary and secondary power supply line interfaces and protections baseband circuits and packets processing I and Q signals generation and sampling I, Q demodulator Rx baseband filtering Actuators and measurement points for TRx unit FPGA debug connector FPGA Controller
BBP unit is different depending on the interface type (electrical or optical).
TRX Transceiver unit
TRX Transceiver unit consists of the following functional blocks: power supply dedicated to microwave circuits Tx baseband filtering I, Q modulator frequency synthesizer microwave transmitter and receiver IF devices on Rx side
Equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality and it is distributed on two hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controllers. Firmware can be updated through the Web Lct and it is stored in two different memory benches: one containing the running firmware and the other the stand-by firmware. This permits to download a new firmware release to the stand by bench without cutting the traffic Use Bench Switch to activate the bench in stand-by (SW restart will be performed).
Web Lct
The Web Lct is a web interface software already present in the ALFO Plus, which requires Adobe Flash Player and allows the configuration and the management of the local radio, using LAN Port Management. When the remote one is configured properly, the whole link can be managed (left side=local radio and right side=remote radio). WEB Lct runs on any browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox etc....). Web Lct console is a free software downlodable from the site www.siaemic.com after registration.
Switch for Ethernet ports
Inside ALFOPlus is present an Ethernet switch with 2 external ports line side (electrical 10/100/1000BaseT or optical 100/1000BaseFX), one internal radio port and one port towards controller (see Fig.8). Internal port is represented by the local radio stream where through native Ethernet transport is connected with the remote equipment.
Ethernet packet switch LAN1 LAN2
10/100BaseT 1000BaseT 10/100/1000BaseT
Port A
Radio 1+0
Fig.8 - ALFOPlus block diagram
ALFOPlus can operate like a switch between two or more separated LANs with the following advantages: to connect two separate LANs to connect two LANs via radio within a complex digital network to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater than the traffic in a single LAN.
By default the routing works on basis Mac Address (Layer 2), but it can be enabled on basis VLAN ID, in Web Lct - Ethernet switch (Enh) - Common Parameters. The operation is the following: when a LAN port receives a MAC frame, on the basis of destination address, it decides which LAN to send it: if destination address is on originating LAN the frame is discarded if destination address is a known address (towards address learning procedure) and is present into local address table, the frame is sent only on destination LAN (MAC switching) otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).
Ethernet Speed/Duplex function
With electrical interface, in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan, Speed/Duplex can be manually or automatically activated as half Duplex or Full Duplex 10/100/1000Base-T, while with optical interface, Speed Duplex can be set as Full Duplex 100/1000Base-X.
Link Loss Forwarding
Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) is an alarm status of Ethernet interface. LLF can be enabled or disabled. If LLF is enabled, any linkdown alarm will generate the alarm status of Ethernet interface blocking any transmission to it. LLF can be enabled for each ports. With LLF enabled the equipment connected (routers, switches so on) can be notified that radio link is not available and can temporarily re-route the traffic.
MDI/MDIX cross-over
For each LAN interface, cross-over cable can be set in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan - Cable Crossover as: Automatic - Lan recognizes automatically the connected cable type (Straight cable or Crossover cable) MDI (NIC) - Manual crossover wiring type T568A MDI-X (Switch) - Manual crossover wiring type T568B
With crossover cable it is necessary to use the same wiring format (MDI/MDI or MDI-x/MDI-x) on both ends. In case of straight cable is the opposite.
VLAN functionality
ALFOPlus works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag. Tag is made up with: a fixed word of 2 bytes 3 bits for priority according with 802.1p 1 fixed bit 12 bits VLAN identifier (VLAN ID) according with 802.1q.
Switch cross-connections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only output ports should be defined for any used VID. Vlan ID (VID) has a range from 1 to 4095.
Ethernet Flow Control (802.3x)
A network device asks its adjacent devices to send a pause frame because the input is faster it can process. The protocol used for this purpose is the flow control (802.2x).
Into ALFOPlus a synchronisation circuit, called SincE and defined by the standard G.8264, gets the synchronisation signal from the following different sources: LAN1 LAN2 radio Internal source
As shown in Fig.9 the clocks extracted from the sources are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one of the signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic. This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (Synch Loss, Synch Drift, Holdover Freerunning), on the base of assigned priority, manual forcing and preferential switch. The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required synchronisation for the frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is used for the local restart.
Synchronisation Source TE LAN-1 TE LAN-2 T2 Radio Internal Clock
Clock Selector
Alarms Sync Loss Sync Drift Status
T0 Reference Clk
PLL Circuit
Selection Logical
Force Switch Priority Control Preferential Switch
Fig.9 - Synchronisation block diagram
Adaptive code modulation
ACM profiles
In ALFOPlus radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modulation profile depending on the Rx signal quality. Available ACM profiles are the following: 4QAM strong 4QAM 16QAM strong 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM (optional).
These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following bandwidth: 7 MHz 14 MHz
28 MHz 56 MHz 112 MHz (optional).
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity. The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio. Upshift - When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 1024QAM increasing the spectral efficiency Downshift - When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation is reduced in the direction from 1024QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
In order to configure properly the radio link using ACM facility, an optimization must be found between max traffic during good propagation conditions and max availability during bad propagation conditions. To obtain this purpose the ACM in ALFOPlus family can be configured via software setting the following parameters: ACM setting and Tx Power mode.
ACM setting
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation. Upper modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the highest modulation profile that ACM can employ Lower modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power Ramp
Tx Power Ramp function permits to set Tx power according to the available modulation profiles. Tx Power Ramp Disabled - Tx power is the same at any modulation profile Tx Power Ramp Enabled - Maximum Tx power based on the reference modulation
The Tx Power Ramp is set depending on the modulation license of the user and depending on the Lower Modulation that has been set.
ATPC and ACM interaction
The Automatic Transmission Power Control (ATPC) regulates the RF output power of the local transmitter depending on the value of the RF level at the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the local terminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higher than 3 dB. As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low due to the increase of the hop attenuation, a microprocessor (P), embedded in the ALFOplus, at the receiver side of the remote terminal sends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power. A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level threshold higher (or even slightly higher) than the threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before than the received signal is reduced and by consequence will force the system to downgrade the modulation. The behaviour of the system is to always try to increase the PTX and so the System Gain, before than being forced to reduce capacity a modulation.
Resuming, the correct setting of the thresholds is when the two windows, the ATPC one and the ACM one, are not overlapped, as per Fig.10.
Local Remote PRx dBm Tx PTx actuation P Thresh High Rx Thresh Low
Threshold highest ACM profile
Remote Rx PRx recording level P PTx control Transmission of PTx control Tx
ACM range Hop attenuation (dB) Local PTx dBm
PTx max.
ATPC range PTx min.
Hop attenuation (dB)
Fig.10 - ATPC diagram
To control the equipment correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The commands are forwarded by the WEBLCT program. The available loop facilities are: Baseband loop RF loop (only for GB8xxxx)
ALFO Plus BBP-GE
BASE BAND LOOP
RF Loop
Fig.11 - Available loops
There are two ways of processing the alarms: through LEDs through SCT/WebLCT
Alarm associated to ALFOPlus can be classified in different groups. Names and composition of these groups as well as association between alarm classes and relay contact can be defined by the customer. Alarms are divided into 4 severity levels according to the effects that an alarm might cause to the regular operation of the unit detecting it. Levels are prioritised as follows: Critical (outofservice), urgent alarm Major (severe failure, minimum residual functionality), urgent alarm minor (failure neither urgent nor remote, high residual functionality), not urgent alarm warning (failure neither urgent nor remote, high indication or wrong configuration), not urgent alarm none (the alarm is masked)
Critical and Major alarms indicate impossibility of executing a service, hence the faulty units needs to be serviced. Minor level represents the not urgent alarms which do not prejudice service continuity. Warning level indicates malfunctions that might be locally removed without having to replace the unit. Alarm classification can be modified via SCT/WebLCT operator. A short description is given for each alarm in Alarms section with relevant class. The visual indication is given by a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are: Red light: ON - An internal alarm is active. Connect the PC for troubleshooting Flashing - An external alarm is active
Green light: Flashing - No radio connection with far-end terminal ON - Radio connection with far-end terminal is active
Tab.6 - Tx power
RF output attenuation ATPC range Rx max input level (at antenna flange) Receiver threshold with BER = 10-3
up to 20 dB, 1 dB step software adjustable 20 dB 20 dBm see Tab.7
Tab.7 - Receiver thresholds (Interleave enabled) Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 6 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 7 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz 4SQAM -93.5 -92.5 -89.5 -86.5 4QAM -91.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 4SQAM -95.5 -94.5 -91.5 -88.5 4QAM -93.0 -91.0 -88.0 -85.0 4SQAM -93.5 -92.5 -89.5 -86.5 4QAM -91.0 -89.0 -86.0 -83.0 4SQAM -95.5 -94.5 -91.5 -88.5 4QAM -93.0 -91.0 -88.0 -85.0 @BER10-6 Physical Mode 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM -89.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -86.0 -84.5 -81.5 -78.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -73.0 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -69.5 -66.5 -64.0 -60.5
Radio Normal RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 42 GHz 56 MHz Radio Guaranteed RSL threshold (dBm) Channel spacing 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz Modulation Number of settable RF channel Tuning frequency step Tx/Rx frequency spacing Net bit rate (RF channel spacing) Ethernet latency 4SQAM -89.5 -88.5 -85.5 -82.5 4QAM -87.0 -85.0 -82.0 -79.0 4SQAM -91.5 -90.5 -87.5 -84.5 4QAM -89.0 -87.0 -84.0 -81.0
4QAM up to 1024QAM depending on RF band and capacity 250 kHz see Tab.5 see Tab.8 see Tab.9 Tab.8 - ALFOPlus net bit rate
Bandwidth 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz
Link ID Loop facility Spurious emissions/rejection
identifier RFOH: 1 to 255 Baeband loop, RF loop (only for GB8xxxx) according to ETSI
Tab.9 - Ethernet service delay (latency), interleaving enabled One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) 4SQAM 4QAM 1.824 1.014 0.519 0.272 4SQAM 4QAM 1.438 0.820 0.418 0.218 4SQAM 4QAM 1.247 0.723 0.367 0.191 4SQAM 4QAM 1.148 0.674 0.342 0.177 4SQAM 4QAM 1.100 0.649 0.329 0.170 Physical Modes (64 bytes) 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM 1.083 0.641 0.325 0.168 1.069 0.634 0.321 0.166 1.064 0.632 0.320 0.166 1.060 0.629 0.319 0.165 1.056 0.627 0.318 0.164 1.054 0.626 0.318 0.164 1.052 0.626 0.317 0.164 1.051 0.625 0.317 0.164 1.049 0.624 0.316 0.163
Physical Modes (128 bytes) 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM 1.120 0.660 0.335 0.174 1.095 0.648 0.329 0.171 1.088 0.644 0.327 0.169 1.078 0.639 0.324 0.169 1.071 0.636 0.323 0.168 1.068 0.634 0.322 0.167 1.065 0.633 0.322 0.167 1.063 0.632 0.321 0.167 1.060 0.630 0.321 0.167
Physical Modes (1024 bytes) 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM 1.628 0.917 0.470 0.248 1.450 0.830 0.426 0.227 1.395 0.803 0.414 0.220 1.329 0.770 0.397 0.212 1.284 0.748 0.386 0.206 1.261 0.737 0.380 0.203 1.238 0.725 0.375 0.200 1.228 0.721 0.372 0.200 1.208 0.711 0.368 0.197
Physical Modes (1518 bytes)
Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56 One way delay (msec) Channel size (MHz) 7 14 28 56
4SQAM
4QAM 2.193 1.200 0.615 0.324
16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM 1.905 1.058 0.544 0.289 1.644 0.929 0.480 0.257 1.562 0.890 0.460 0.247 1.466 0.842 0.436 0.235 1.400 0.809 0.420 0.227 1.367 0.792 0.412 0.223 1.333 0.776 0.404 0.219 0.001 0.768 0.399 0.219 1.289 0.754 0.393 0.214
Physical Modes (10000 bytes) 4SQAM 4QAM 8.570 4.418 2.284 1.227 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM 6.698 3.493 1.824 0.997 5.001 2.655 1.407 0.789 4.471 2.394 1.277 0.724 3.844 2.048 1.123 0.646 3.417 1.873 1.018 0.594 3.196 1.764 0.964 0.567 2.975 1.655 0.910 0.540 2.874 1.606 0.885 0.528 2.692 1.516 0.840 0.505
Line Interface Characteristics
Ethernet interface
Ethernet connectors Ethernet latency IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000BaseT RJ45 IEEE 802.3 100/1000BaseX LC 2609 s for standard frame sizes 11684 s for jumbo frame sizes
Features of Ethernet switch enhanced
To have Ethernet switch enhanced you need to set Ethernet Enh as Present in Web Lct - Equipment Menu - Equipment - Configuration; this allows to have the new features in the Ethernet switch menu and Lan interfaces. In the following a description of the advanced features: Ingress Filtering Policing (CIR/EIR according to MFE 10.2) Enhanced QoS Management Enhanced VLAN Management Ethernet Frame Fragmentation Packet Compression Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) Load Balancing Ethernet Line Protection ITU-T Y.1731 Eth OAM/IEEE 8902.1ag/IEEE 802.ah Selective RMon VLAN Based SNMP V3
Ingress Filtering Policing (CIR/EIR according to MFE 10.2)
ALFOPlus allows to limit the ingress traffic rate on the basis of: LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID and priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm) VLAN (Bandwidth Profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with different profiles VLAN+priority (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples VLAN+priorities (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is always considered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same bandwidth profile.
In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy resources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or VLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources. In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured: CIR (Committed Information Rate:) it is admitted ingress rate (green coloured), with values between 0kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with values between 0 byte and 256 kbyte. EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (yellow coloured), with values between 0 kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values between 0 byte and 256 kbytes CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess token eventually charged into the green bucket are moved into the yellow packet bucket.
Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded. The combination of CIR and EIR rates is typically referred to as PIR, or Peak Information Rate, which represents the total burstable bandwidth sold to the customer. According to MEF 10.2 (Metro Ethernet Forum) specifications, the bandwidth profile service attribute (Input Filter Policing), which includes some or all of the above categories, can be defined per UNI, per EVC or per CoS identifier (CoS ID; EVC.CoS). For any given frame, however, only one such model can apply. The service provider meets the bandwidth guarantees by reserving appropriate network resources and employing a two-rate/three-colour (trTCM) rate-limitation methodology as part of its traffic engineering policy to ensure compliance by user traffic. Green = Trasmitted: Yellow = Low Priority (dropped in case of congestion): Red = Dropped: CIR (green) CBS (green) EIR (yellow) EBS (yellow) CIR and CBS. EIR and EBS. traffic exceeding EIR and EBS is dropped. dropped (red) dropped (red)
For any port it is possible to add a Input Filter Policy table with this selections: Disable Uni Port Based EVC C_Vid Based COS C_Vid + Priority Based EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based
According the status of 802.1q Management> 802.1q settings = Disable: you can select only Uni Port Based with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. Fallback: two selections 1) EVC C_Vid Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. Secure: two selections 1) EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Into ALFOPlus there is a total of 64 instances of Input Filter Policing for all the four ports into any radio port. Any CVID can be used into only one port. Into same port same CVID can be reused but with different priority.
Enhanced QoS Management
The ALFOPlus scheduler provides enhanced QoS management features. based on the ingress port (and optionally also as a function of the LAN-ID), there are four different modes that can be used to set the priority of an Ethernet frame: Ethernet: the priority is set based on the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the VLAN tag (IEEE802.1p) (Native 802.1p C_Vid) MPLS: the priority is set based on the EXP (Experimental Bit) field of the PLS tag (Native MPLS) IP: the priority is set based on the DSCP field of the either IPv4 or IPv6 (Native ToS/DSCP) Default: the priority is set in a static mode and its value is configurable based on the VLAN ID. The Default mode is also used when all the other criteria are not applicable (Port Default).
It is in addition possible to map the EXP quality of the MPLS label into the PCP field of the outer VLAN tag (802.1p Rewrite with MPLS). Once the priority is assigned, the packet is sent to one of the 8 output queues. The size of each one of the 8 queues is configurable with one value between the following four options: 128kbit, 256kbit, 512kbit and 1024kbit. On the basis of the filling status of the queue, different drop-policy can be applied. In ALFOPlus there are four available policies: Tail drop: if the packet is arriving into a full queue, it will be discarded Queue drop: if a new packet is arriving into a full queue, the whole queue is emptied (with the exception of the head packet) RED: when a new packet is arriving into the queue it has a discarding-probability that is function of the filling status of the queue. the relation between the probability and the queue status is defined by means of a SW configurable curve. If the queue is full, the new packet is discarded with probability 1 (like in the Tail drop case). WRED: it is similar to RED, with the difference that for each queue two drops curves are defined. the packet in ingress is coloured according to MEF 10.2, i.e.e according to the CIR and EIR ingress filtering policy defined. As a consequence, WRED can be chosen only if CIR/EIR Ingress filtering policy is enabled for the ingress port. Once coloured, red packets are always discarded, while green and Yellow packets are managed according to different curves.
the traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict priority or Weighted Fair Queue algorithm. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WFQ the available bandwidth is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible to configure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WFQ. Random Early Drop function is shown in Fig.12.
Fig.12 - 0 red curve RED (Random Early Drop): no packet are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green), packets are dropped randomly until a percentage of Pmax and an Occupation % of Smax(G) limits are reached, all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G); RED Gentle (Enable): no packets are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G), packets are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G) the percentage of randomly dropped packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/ 100%; WRED (Weighted Random Early Drop): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy (Lan1,2,3,4); no green packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green); no yellow packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin (Y, Yellow); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/ Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) yellow packets are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/ Pmax(Y); all green packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G); all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(Y); WRED Gentle (Enable): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy (Lan1,2,3,4); for Green packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/ Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G), the percentage of dropped green packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%; for Yellow packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(Y); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) green packets are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/ Pmax(Y); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(Y), the percentage of dropped green packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y) and Sgentle(Y)/100%;
WRED and WRED Gentle are very efficient to get the most from the radio link available traffic avoiding the stop and go behaviour (SAW trend) typical of congested TCP/IP traffic. Warning: RED and WRED impact only TCP/IP traffic, not UDP traffic.
Ethernet Frame Fragmentation
QoS preserve High priority traffic, by giving them precedence during traffic congestions. However, in case of real time traffic also latency and jitter are important factors. Latency is strictly related to the line speed and usually can be managed by designing the network topology in a proper way (e.g. by limiting the maximum number of hops in link chains). Jitter is instead a more sensitive parameter because it depends on the traffic conditions. In fact, when a High priority packet has to be sent over the radio link it is scheduled on a High Priority queue. However, before to be sent over the radio link it has to wait that the packet currently in transmission (also a Best Effort packet) will be entirely sent. This waiting time can considerably change depending on the best effort packet size (from 64bytes to 1518 bytes of even more in case of jumbo frames). One technique used to mitigate this phenomenon is packet fragmentation, i.e. longer frames are subdivided in smaller fragments at Tx side. A label is added to the packet in order to number these subframes. At Rx side the original frame is rebuilt after all the fragments are received. In this way, the maximum waiting time for a High Priority packet is reduced to the sub-frame size (some hundreds of bytes), providing sensitive benefits to the packet jitter. ALFOPlus allows to fragment Ethernet frames with two options: 256 or 512 Bytes.
Enhanced VLAN Management
ALFOPlus provides the following enhanced VLAN management features: VLAN rewriting Selective QinQ based on VLAN and IEEE 802.1p priority
VLAN rewriting VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packet received (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch. On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following criteria: LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received. LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.
On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + CVID + priority criteria. On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of the received packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink configuration.
Selective QinQ based on VLAN and IEEE 802.1p priority VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets must cross networks managed by different entities. The ALFOPlus radio supports the Vlan staking. Once a packet enters into the radio it is possible to add a new IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The VID of the new TAG can be set based on different criteria: Ingress port of the packet C-VID and priority of the packet when received on the ingress port
The new TAG is added to the packet as a S-TAG. The Ethertype field of the TAG can be set either to standard values (0x88A8, 0x9100, 0x9200, 0x9300) or to any other custom values.
Packet Compression
ALFOPlus provides header packet compression. This feature allows to compress the packet header by transmitting over the radio link proprietary labels in place of long and repetitive header field. ALFOPlus Single layer Packet Compression supports the following protocols: Ethernet, MPLS, IPv4/IPv6, UDP and RTP and LTE S1 interface tunnelling. This latter cover the case of LTE eNodeB backhauling on S1 interface, where the eUE traffic (either IPv4 or IPv6) is enveloped into a GTP-U tunnel. the Header compressed in this case includes (IPv4+UDP+GTP-U of the S1 interface)+(IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP of the eUE traffic inserted into the tunnel). When enabled, the user can select which header have to be compressed considering the following maximum limits: the total header field size cannot exceed 124 bytes the total header field size after internal coding cannot exceed 118 bytes. the internal coding is required by ALFOPlus in order to perform the compression task.
In Fig.13 are detailed the different header fields that can be selected with their weight in terms of header field size and header field size after internal coding.
Header field Header size after field size internal coding (Bytes) (Bytes)
C-TAG (802.1Q) Q-in-Q (802.1ad) (default=1)
+14 +4 +(4*n) +22
+12.5 +2 +(2*n) +18
Max number of S-TAG (from 1 to 2)
MAC-in-MAC (802.1ah)
Max number of MPLS labels (from 1 to 3), PW included
+(4*n) +4
+(4*n) +3.5
(default=1)
Control Word (RFC4385)
IP+
IPv4 only (default) IPv4 or IPv6
+19.5 +39.5
UDP RTP
Tunneling OPv4 - IPv4/IPv6(IPv4+UDP+GTP-U+IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP)
Fig.13 - Header compression
LAG - Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)
Link Aggregation (LAG) is a feature available on SIAE ALFOPlus equipment that allows assigning up to 2 physical links to one logical link (trunk) that functions as a single, higher-speed Ethernet link. SIAE ALFOPLus support IEEE802.3ad LAPC (Link Aggregation Control Protocol). LACP allows a network device to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to the peer (directly connected device that also implements LACP). In addition to the increased capacity of the logical link, LACP provides additional advantages: Failover detection when a link fails, allowing for a trunk reconfiguration in order to avoid systematic packet loss (after the reconfiguration the packets will be lost only if the throughput exceed the trunk capacity) it introduces an agreement between the two LACP peers before the staring of data transmission over the trunk. This prevent anomalous behaviour in case of cabling or configuration mistakes.
LACP works by sending frames (LACPDUs) over the links belonging to the trunk. Also the equipment deployed on the other end of the trunk will send LACP frames over the same links: this enables the two units to establish the trunk. LACP can be configured two modes: active or passive. In active mode it will always send frames along the configured links. However, in passive mode it acts as speak when spoken to and therefore it can be used as a way of controlling accidental loops (as long as the other device is in active mode). SIAE ALFOPlus implements an active LACP. A Line Trunk can aggregate up to 2 LAN interfaces with the following restrictions: all the LAN interfaces must be defined with the same speed (either 10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s) all the LAN interfaces must be set in Full Duplex mode
When a Trunk is defined on SIAE ALFOPlus, the end-to-end traffic is transmitted over all the aggregated lines. As a result, the overall capacity of the trunk can be theoretically equal to the number of aggregated lines multiplied by the capacity of a single line. In the example of Fig.14, two full duplex - 100Mbit/s connection are grouped into the same trunk, carrying all the capacity in transit from a radio link to another. In this configuration, the theoretical maximum capacity that can transit on this trunk is 200 Mbit/s.
LAN1
LAN2 100 Mbit/s LAN2
Line trunking
Fig.14 - Line trunking To enable the Link Aggregation on both interfaces (LAN1 and LAN2), select the group Enable - Trunk1 or Enable - Trunk2 or Enable - Trunk3 or Enable - Trunk4 in Web Lct - STP/ELP trunking menu.
Line Protection through distributed ELP
ELP (Ethernet Line Protection) is a feature available on ALFOPlus that allows to protect a GE interface against cable failure or accidental disconnection. With ELP it is possible to connect an ALFOPlus to another network element by using two GE interfaces. Both interfaces are active but just one is enabled to forward and receive traffic (forwarding state), while the other does not allow any traffic to pass (blocking state). If the forwarding interface goes down, the other one passes to the forwarding state. The typical switching time is around 1.5sec. This feature does not imply the use of any protocol, but is simply based on the status of the physical interfaces. As a consequence, no particular protocol support is required on the connected equipment: it is simply required to enable the two GE interfaces. It is recommended to disable any Spanning Tree protocol on the external equipment: this could cause longer traffic recovery times. To enable the Ethernet Line Protection on both interfaces (LAN1 and LAN2), select the group Enable Prot1 or Enable - Prot2 in Web Lct - STP/ELP trunking menu.
Ethernet OAM (operation Administration and Maintenance)
This protocol can be used in any point-to-point Ethernet link. The aim of this protocol is to check and monitor the functionality of the service that the provider guarantees on the network. Service Layer OAM The Service Layer OAM fully monitors a customer End-to-End Ethernet Service. Two main standards cover this topic, the IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731.
The IEEE 802.1ag provides CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) useful for detecting, isolating and reporting connectivity faults. The ITU-T Y.1731 Standard comprehends the CFM plus some additional features, like RDI (Remote Defect Indicator) that allows to report back to the start of the chain the Alarm message. SIAE ALFOPlus supports CFM according to both standards ITU-T Y.1731 and 802.1ag. The IEEE 802.1ag and the ITU-T Y.1731 are End-to-End service, i.e. provides the tools to monitor the Ethernet Service regardless of the layers, Network Path and operators. Since the spectrum of application can include many applications a more hierarchical structure is needed. The Standards define: Maintenance Domains (MD): these specify the Domains of operators, users and service providers. Levels from 0 to 7 are possible depending on the type of service to be monitored. Customer Domain is the higher which includes both ends of the Ethernet service (from one End user to the other End user), Standard Default values for Customer Domain are 7, 6 and 5. Service Provider Domains should have a MD lower than the Customer Domain since include the whole network except the End Users. Standard default values for Provider Domains are 3 and 4. Operator Domains are lower than Service Provider Domains since just a part of the network is included. Standard Default values for operator domains are 0, 1 and 2. Here follows a picture explaining the hierarchical structure of Maintenance Domains. ALFOPlus: each interface can be configured as MEP, Port A interface (radio interface) included. Once chosen the interface, depending on the network topology, the direction of the MEP has to be specified. Two Directions are possible, MEP and MEP . With MEP configured the OAM PDUs are sent from the interface in the direction outside the equipment, i.e. the OAM PDUs are sent from the interface on the cable toward next equipment. With MEP configured the OAM PDUs are sent from the interface toward the inside of the equipment and will follow the VLAN table previously configured. MEPs are distinguished from each other through a MEP ID, therefore MEPs belonging to same MA must have different MEP Ids. In order to configure a MIP the MA has to be habilitated on the equipment. Up to 32 MIPs or MEPs can be configured on each equipment.
The protocols belonging to the Connectivity Fault Management implemented in SIAE equipment are following listed: Continuity Check Protocol: this protocol enables the sending of a periodic message (like a Heartbeat message) which enables the other MEPs deployed in the network to distinguish the status of a virtual connection. This massage can only be originated by a MEP. ALFOPlus: is adjustable with 1s, 10s, 1min, 10min. These messages do not trigger any automatic reply from the destination entity. LoopBack Protocol: it resembles an IP PING message; once this message is sent (e.g. MEP1 sends a Loopback Message to MEP2). MEP2 replies to MEP1 confirming therefore the status of the connection. This is done to check the status of the connection between the MEP originating the message and the MEP/MIP to which the message is addressed. This message can only be originated from one MEP and can be addressed to both MEPs or MIPs. ALFOPlus: the number of Loopback Messages in ALFOPlus equipment is adjustable from 1 to 5 consecutive Loopbacks. In each equipment, it is possible fro each MEP to check the presence of other MEPs in the same MA. This is done through the Remote MEP application which allows this acknowledgement and distinguishes the other MEP through means of MEP IDs and MAC address. Link Trace Protocol: this protocol sends a message similar to the LoopBack protocol. Every equipment that is reached by this message will answer to the sender providing its own MAC Address. In this way the sender is able to understand of which equipment the MA is composed. E.g. a MEP sends the Link Trace Message to another MEP belonging to the same maintenance association. The MIPs that are eventually deployed in the middle of the path will forward this message and answer to the initiating MEP with their own MAC Address. By doing so the initiating MEP knows the OAM-devices deployed in the path and their order. Remote Defect Indicator: this feature allows a MEP, in presence of a fault or a defect, to send a RDI to inform the other MEPs, belonging to the same MA, of the presence of this Defect. The advantages of this procedure are to avoid multiple Alarms created by the same cause and to be able to check the status of other Remote MEPs. This RDI information is reported in the Continuity Check Message. ALFOPlus: this feature is present in ALFOPlus equipment and the presence of this alarm can be checked as well in the Remote MEPs screen on the equipment.
OAM example with ALCplus2 As an example, lets consider a network where a sequence of 18 SIAE ALFOPlus Radio links is deployed. In this case a Maintenance Domain, a VLAN and a Maintenance association have to be defined. The VLAN carring the traffic has to be added in the VLAN table of each equipment. ALFOPlus: in SIAE ALFOPlus equipment one MaintenanceDomain can be specified. At each end of the Maintenance Domain two MEPs (Maintenance End Point) will be specified. The MEPs are markers that defies the end of a domain and are in charge of originating OAM frames. In a domain also MIPs (Maintenance Intermediate Points) can be specified. The MIPs are passive check-points. The MEPs and MIPs configurations are discussed in details in the following points. The choice of the domain and the Domain Label (name) is left to the user. Particular attention must be paid to use the same MD label in each equipment where the MD is specified, i.e. different equipment with same value of MD domain but different MD labels belongs to different Domains.
CE Access Network PE Operator 1 Core Network Operator 2 Core Network PE Access Network CE
High Level Customer
MEP MEP
MEP MIP MIP MEP
Fig.15 - Hierarchical structure of Maintenance Domains
A Maintenance Association (MA) is one association which correlates the VLAN to the MD in which the MEPs and MIPs have to be defined. ALFOPlus: when a specified traffic needs to be mentioned, then it is necessary to relay the VLAN to a Domain and to the corresponding MEPs or MIPs through the MA. Before creating the Maintenance Association, the VLAN, either S-VLAN or C-VLAN, has to be specified in the VLAN Table. In each SIAE equipment it is possible to set up to 32 different MA. Particular attention must be paid to use the same MA label in each equipment where the MA is specified, i.e. different MA labels on the same VLAN correspond to different MA associations.
At the Edge of a MD there are MEPs (Maintenance End Points) and in the middle there could be MIPs (Maintenance Intermediate Points). MEPs are the units in charge of managing the CFM to correctly monitor the status of the Ethernet service provided. MIPs are passive check-points that answer to pollings coming from MEPs. MEPs will forward OAM messages coming from higher domains and will discard OAM messages generated from lower domains.
Two MEPs at the end of the chains and a variable number of MIPs in the middle has to be defined with Continuity Check Message (CCM) enabled. In case of defect or Ethernet problem, the Continuity Check Message will result in an Inactive status triggering one Alarm. By logging on one MEP it is sufficient to configure the Loopback message, and Link Trace Message correctly detects the location of the Bottleneck or defect related to this traffic. If more than one VLAN is present then more than one MAC has to be defined.
Power supply and cable
ALFOPlus unit is compatible with standard POE + IEEE 802.at (with exceeding maximum power). Power supply can be provided at the main port (GE) or at an auxiliary separated connector. Power supply must be at least 33V. As critical application example, 2 pairs of CAT-5e cable (AWG 24 - 8.4 Ohm) allow the power supply on a 100m length with at least 40.8V (48V - 15%) only if the consumption is not higher than 33 W. Operating voltage Power consumption (max) 48Vdc 15% 38 W
In any case, for other different needs, a dedicated auxiliary port (5 pin connector) provides power supply 48Volt (see Fig.24). For installation, please use rugged and waterproof cable.
256 x 256 x 114 mm (wxhxd) (see Fig.6)
< 4.5 kg.
33 to +55 C IP65 150 km/h (in operation) 200 km/h (survival)
Operating temperature Class ETSI Weather-proof ODU Wind resistance ODU
CONN LO DA Filter MOD Filter 2xSync SWD GMII PW QSPI ADC MII ADC PWM C GMII FPGA DA RAM Microcontroller LO ADC Vga Vga RAM SSD ADC Filter DEM Filter Down converter, Agc TRX: IF and RF transceiver
Ge Aux port
Surge protection & magnetics
Ge Main
Surge protection, magnetics, Poe splitter
Fig.16 - ALFOPlus GE
Aux Pwr Supply
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC
BBP: base band processor
RAM DAC Filter MOD Filter GMII GMII DAC FPGA GMII PHY PWM QSPI ADC MII ADC PWM C CONN. LO LO ADC SSD ADC Vga Vga Filter Filter DEM Down converter, Agc TRX: IF and RF transceiver
Ge Main port (SFP 1000BaseX)
Fig.17 - ALFOPlus GO
Pwr Supply
Main DC/DC, Aux DC/DC
INSTALLATION OF ALFOPLUS SYSTEM
GENERAL INFORMATION TO BE READ BEFORE THE INSTALLATION
ALFOPlus equipment is a full-outdoor IP Ethernet radio link system operating in the frequency ranges 15, 18, 23 or 38 GHz, for transport capacity up to 500 Mbit/s, designed to establish LAN-LAN connections. For the details related to the actual used frequency band refer to the label on the equipment. The system is provided with an integral antenna; however, in case its antenna is not used, it should be connected to an antenna conforming to the requirements of ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 for the relevant frequency band.
This equipment makes use of non-harmonized frequency bands. Class 2 radio equipment subject to Authorisation of use. The equipment can operate only at the frequencies authorised by the relevant National Authority. The deployment and use of this equipment shall be made in agreement with the national regulation for the Protection from Exposure to Electromagnetic Field. The symbol indicates that, within the European Union, the product is subject to separate collection at the product end-of-life. Do not dispose of these products as unsorted municipal waste. For more information, please contact the relevant supplier for verifying the procedure of correct disposal.
The ALFOPlus radio system is made up of an outdoor unit, protected by a metallic shield. The mechanical structure complies with IEC48 and DIN41494 standards. Compliance to electromagnetic compatibility is guaranteed through the following precautionary measures: during the design phase use of protection circuits against electrical dischargers use of filters on the power supply input circuits against noise propagating on the power supply wires
during the installation phase use of shielded cables use of ground connections.
The installation phases of the whole system are described in the following paraghaphs.
REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED)
N.2 13mm torque wrench N.1 15 mm torque wrench N.1 17 mm torque wrench N.1 3 mm Allen wrench.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Installation procedure proceeds according to the following steps: Installation onto the pole of the supporting plate Installation of the ODU ODU grounding.
Standard coupling kit
The standard coupling kit is mounted on ALFOPlus by means of four screws.
Coupling kit assembly procedure
See Fig.18 - Put the standard coupling kit on the ODU. Align the four holes of the coupling kit with the four nut screws on the ODU. Insert and tighten the four screws.
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA
ODU (Standard Lock)
Mounting kit 1+0 version
Centring ring and relevant screws M10 bolts ODU with O-ring and devices for ground connection
Centring ring and relevant screws M10 bolts for hybrid and ODU mounting Hybrid mechanical body Polarization twist disk (see Fig.21) 2 ODUs with O-rings and devices for ground connection.
1+0 ODU with integrated antenna
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box provided by antenna producer. Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on requested polarization. After the antenna is installed onto the pole, the ODU must be installed, see Fig.19. Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the three holes on the circular flange with the three relevant holes on the antenna flange Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2 Nm) Screw partially the four M10 bolts (3) on the antenna back plate: each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14mm (the thickness of hook (4), use 15mm spanner) Apply silicone grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert in the proper track on the ODU flange Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match the polarization of the antenna feeder: vertical polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom left corner horizontal polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15mm spanner, torque=46mm) Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit The ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box by antenna producer. Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on requested polarization. After the antenna is installed onto the pole, follow the procedure below, see Fig.20. Mounting the hybrid (3) on the back of the antenna: Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the holes on the circular flange with the relevant holes on the antenna flange Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2mm) Prepare the polarization disk (see Fig.21) with the two O-rings: silicone grease e.g RHODOSIL PATE 4 must be applied to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves; each O-ring must be inserted in the proper track on each surface of the disk Mount always (with vertical and with horizontal polarization) the polarization disk on the hybrid flange (antenna side) as shown in Fig.21 and tighten the four screws (only three screws in 13 GHz and 15 GHz hybrid). The polarization disk must br oriented depending on requested polarization by antenna feeder (position V or H as shown in Fig.21. Torque values as in Tab.10.
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA
Diameter of the pole 60-114 mm
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut) 1 antenna side flange, variable as function of RF frequency, with relevant screws M10 25mm bolts for ODU mounting ODU with O-ring and devices for ground connection
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut) M10 25mm bolts for hybrid and ODUs mounting Hybrid mechanical body Polarization twist disk (see Fig.21) 2 ODUs with O-rings and devices for ground connection.
See Fig.22.
1+0 ODU with separated antenna
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four 130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15mm spanner, torque = 46Nm). Fix the antenna side flange (4) with the proper screws (in Fig.22 the antenna flange is shown in two different positions depending on the polarization), the screw holes side is the side where the waveguide must be installed. On the supporting plate, on the opposite side respect to the antenna flange just mounted, insert in holes (5) on the supporting plate the four 25mm M10 bolts (3): screw them partially, each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm (the thickness of hook (4), use 15mm spanner). Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert it in the proper track on the ODU flange. Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the supporting plate and align the ODU to match the polarization of the antenna flange: vertical polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom left corner horizontal polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the ODU to the supporting plate in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque =46 Nm). Tab.10 - Torques for tightening screws Frequencies from 18 to 38 GHz up to 15 GHz Screw Allen screw M3 Allen screw M4 Tool Allen key 2.5 mm Allen key 3 mm Torque 1 Nm 1 Nm
Mount the hybrid on the back of the antenna by means of four M10 bolts (4) (torque = 46 Nm)
Mounting each ODU on the hybrid: Screw partially four M10 bolts (4) on the hybrid flange (ODU side): each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm, use 15 mm spanner Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert in the proper track on the ODU flange Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom right corner After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots (7) of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts on the hybrid Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque = 46Nm) Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit Now the ODU is ready to be connected to the grounding cable Repeat for the other ODU on the other side Optional: sun cover kit. Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit Now the ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four 130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15 mm spanner, torque = 46 Nm) Mount the hybrid (4) on the back of the antenna by means of four 25 mm M10 bolts (5) (use 15 mm spanner with torque = 46 Nm) in the holes (6) (see Fig.19).
Mounting each ODU on the hybrid: Screw partially four 25 mm M10 bolts positioning them in the holes (7) on the hybrid flange (ODU side): each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm, use 15 mm spanner Apply silicon grease e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert in the proper track on the ODU flange Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach it to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts on the hybrid Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque = 46 Nm) Optional: sun cover kit - insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit Now the ODU is ready to be connected to the grounding cable Repeat for the other ODU on the other side
Waveguide towards the antenna
After having installed the ODU in 1+0 configuration or in 1+1 configuration, the waveguide towards the antenna must be installed. 1+0: the waveguide must be fixed to the antenna flange on the supporting plate of the ODU. In case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details. 1+1: the waveguide must be fixed to the hybrid. In case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details.
The ODU must be connected to ground with the available grounding bolt and eyelet terminal, making reference to details of Fig.18. Tab.11 - Waveguide bending radius according to frequency Bending radius without rebending mm (inch) E-plane a 130 (5,1) 130 (5,1) 110 (4,3) 80 (3,1) Bending radius without rebending mm (inch) H-plane b 280 (11,0) 280 (11,0) 230 (9,1) 140 (5,5) Bending radius with rebending mm (inch) E-plane a. 150 (5,9) 150 (5,9) 130 (5,1) 90 (3,6) Bending radius with rebending mm (inch) H-plane b. 300 (11,9) 300 (11,9) 250 (9,9) 150 (5,9)
15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 38 GHz a. Bending E-plane
Rmin/E Bending E-plane (short side of the section)
b. Bending H-plane
Rmin/H Bending H-plane (long side of the section)
Fig.18 - ODU ASN with standard coupling flange
Fig.19 - 1+0 ODU installation
Fig.21 - Polarization disk
114-60 3 1
Fig.22 - 1+0 antenna flange
USER CONNECTORS
ALFOPlus provides two Amphenol connectors which guarantee Ethernet port compatibility for both version: Gigabit electrical and optical. The section area of the cable must be > than 35 mm2. Accessories available at the moment of printing: F03594 cable for auxiliary power force (see Fig.24) P20032 RJ45 full outdoor conn. kit key down P04181 conn. plast M12 Fem. 90 flying sp. M02472 data cable CAT5e for outdoor
The auxiliary 5 pin circular connector has various functions and it is used when: the power over Ethernet injection through the data Lan cable is not available and it is necessary a direct access to the radio during the alignment of antenna (remember to enable Received Signal Strength Indicator in Equipment Menu - General Preset RSSI) in case of emergency, if ALFOPlus IP address is unknown, connect it with Serial Console 1, as shown in Fig.24, using hyperterminal 115200 8, N, 1 and press any button to access at the login.
It is recommended to set RSSI as Disable, not to overload CPU.
THERMOFIT PIPE
COURSE TO COLOURS
4 BLACK 3-A2 1-5
Fig.24 - F03594 cable
8 RED 1-2 1-3 3-A1 3-A3 WHITE/BROWN WHITE/GREEN WHITE/BLUE BLUE ORANGE WHITE/ORANGE GREEN BROWN
Fig.25 - ALFOPlus connectors
LINE-UP OF ALFOPLUS SYSTEM
The line-up phases of the ALFOPlus radio link are: switching on the two equipment alarm leds check optimizing antenna orientation insertion into telecontrol and reachability of far-end terminal check of Ethernet connections quality evaluation with performance monitoring
Operations involving the use of SCT/WebLCT are roughly described here. For further details please refer to software manual.
Checks to be performed before switching on the unit are: power supply voltage - the power supply must be 48 Vdc 15%. antenna presence - check the connection between ODU output flange and antenna.
If everything is correct, switch on the ODU.
ALARM LED CHECK
On the rear panel of ODU unit there is a transparent plastic window to see the status of an internal LED dedicated to show unit alarms. Further information about ALFOPlus alarms can be found onto the chapter ALFOPlus alarms and troubleshooting. Colours status: Red light ON An internal alarm is active. Connect SCT/WebLCT for troubleshooting Flashing An external alarm is active.
Green light Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and properly oriented, it is necessary to check frequency, attenuation and link identifier (see parag. First configuration.....) and to evaluate the alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software ON the radio connection with remote ODU is active.
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
Connection between PC and ALFOPlus can be made directly or through a switch.
First connection (you know IP address) 1 with SCT or browser (internet explorer) type IP address stored previously (Factory Default is 1.0.0.1) 2 User: system Password: siaemicr
after connection its possible to modify IP address, etc.....
Emergency connection (you dont know IP address) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Assign a static IP address (any) to PC and in Local area connection properties enable the box Show icon in notification area when connected (see Fig.27) Connect your PC directly to ALFOPlus Start SCT, connect using Local Area Network, press connect button, insert 1.0.0.1 IP address, user: System, Password: siaemicr, without pressing OK button. Switch off ALFOPlus and turn on again Wait some sec until the LAN symbol shows LAN connected and press OK button in SCT Enable the In-Band supervisioning (see Fig.26).
Fig.26 - Local Area Connection
Fig.27 - IP address setting
FIRST CONFIGURATION
To activate a radio link it is necessary to program the ODU in some basic items listed in the following: Local Tx frequency Remote Tx frequency Local Tx power Remote Tx power Link identifier, Link Type (Modulation&Capacity): same parameters on local and on remote unit
Connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus (Service connector) and start the communication towards the ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT program.
Tx frequency setting
See Fig.28. Into SCT/WebLCT at position: Equipment menu Radio Branch window Settings card: in this card you have to select Tx frequency; Rx frequency is shown and is set automatically.
Tx frequency to be set at remote radio is equal to local Rx frequency. Tx frequency can be set on single unit or, if link is on service, on whole link. Please set the frequency according to your license.
Tx power setting
See Fig.28. Into SCT/WebLCT at position: Equipment menu Radio Branch window Powers card: in this card you have to set Tx Level Max; in this card ATPC thresholds can be set: Rx Level Min, Rx Level Max.
The same at remote ODU.
Link Type (Modulation and Capacity) and Link identifier setting
See Fig.29. Into SCT/WebLCT at position: Equipment menu Mod. Cap/Link ID card In Mod. Cap/Link ID card, you can select Capacity and Modulation and set a Link Identifier.
Fig.28 - Frequency and power setting
Fig.29 - Link general setting (Modulation&Capacity, Local Link ID)
OPTIMIZING ANTENNA ALIGNMENT WITH RX MEASUREMENT
When radio link is on, antenna alignment can be optimized. Antenna alignment optimization is performed depending on the Rx signal power at local and remote equipment and evaluating both local and remote S/ N value maximizing them. There are two possibilities to see the Rx signal power level: through SCT/WebLCT software through a voltmeter connected to Service connector on the ODU.
In order to get the Rx signal power level by means of software, connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus (Service connector) and start the communication towards the ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT supervisory program. Into SCT/WebLCT: Main menu (first window opened after login) The card (or other cards of equipment menu), displays on right top the Rx signal power level see Fig.30
If youre using a voltmeter the Rx signal power level is available on the Service connector of ODU, the measurement can be performed with a proper cable. Following this last procedure, the voltage youre reading with the voltmeter is proportional to Rx power level, refer to Tab.12. Tab.12 - Voltage measured in auxiliary port Received Signal (dBm) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 Signal Output (V) 4.68 3.51 2.34 1.17 0 -1.17 -2.34 -3.51 -4.68 Error (dB) 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 5
Formula Slope (V/dB) Offset (dBm)
RSSI=Offset + (Signal/Output)/Slope 0.117 -60
Rx signal power level is the most important item to optimize the antenna alignment, but in a situation of interference Rx level can be good, BER acceptable but BER margin low. This means that when Rx fields will decrease then BER will increase fast. The situation can be easily shown with SCT/WebLCT software looking at Signal Quality level. Into SCT/WebLCT Software select: Equipment menu S/N Meas. card (see Fig.31)
Refer to the ALFOPlus operator manual for parameter evaluation.
Fig.30 - Main menu with Rx signal power level
Fig.31 - S/N measurement monitoring
Antenna aiming
Antenna aiming devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming position: horizontal vertical 15 operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.33, only after having loosen the nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34. 15 operating on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) shown in Fig.33 only after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33 For adjustment from 0 to +30 extract nut (1) Fig.34 and position it in hole (4), extract nut (2) Fig.34 and position it in hole (6). Operate on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33. For adjustment from 0 to 30 extract nut (1) of Fig.34 and position it in hole (3), extract nut (2) of Fig.34 and position it in hole (5). Operate on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33. For vertical adjustment some markers, every 10, are available on support. The bigger marker gives 0 starting aiming position. Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33 for vertical adjustment and the four nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34 for horizontal adjustment. Tighten with 15 mm wrench and 32 Nm torque. grounding The grounding can be connected with the available bolt spring washer and flat washers as shown.
ODU ACCESSING AND REMOTE MANAGEMENT
Local ALFOPlus ODU and its remote ODU can be accessed at Service connector or LAN1 ports. Once the radio link has been configured, connect to the local ODU and specify the network password too. SCT/WebLCT window shows also a field referred to the remote ODU: double click on this field -> remote ODU is opened in monitor mode if its necessary to act on remote ODU you have to login on remote ODU (IP address is known because you can read it from monitor windows).
The releases of ALFO firmware, downloadable by the operator, are listed in Fig.32. Using SCT/WebLCT Software open Main menu, select Software info & Maintenance and in the window shown in Fig.32 select Equipment Firmware and Download SW Setup. Downloading time depends on connection used between PC and ALFOPlus. Further informations can be found on software manual of ALFOPlus equipment.
Fig.32 - Software download procedure
ADAPTIVE MODULATION
ALFOPlus ODUs implement an error free adaptive modulation algorithm to improve the system gain when the quality of the received signal become insufficient to guarantee an error free link. The thresholds for ACM are shown in the Tab.13. Tab.13 - ACM switching thresholds 7M Physical Mode 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM 14M Physical Mode 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256sQAM 256QAM 28M Physical Mode 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256sQAM Power (Estim.) 0 0 -2.5 -2.5 -3.75 -3.5 -3.5 -4.125 -4.125 -5 Power (Estim.) 0 0 -2.5 -2.5 -3.75 -3.5 -3.5 -4.125 -4.125 Power (Estim.) 0 0 -2.5 -2.5 -3.75 -3.5 -3.5 -4.125 BER 10-6 (Estim.) 6.4 8.2 12.7 14.6 17.2 19.7 22.8 26 29.1 32.3 BER (Estim.) 5.64 8.16 12.7 14.65 16.8 19.44 22.64 25.64 27.52 BER 10-6 (Estim.) 5.62 8.14 12.7 14.85 16.82 19.52 22.7 25.64 Up-shift a. (Estim.) 13 17.8 19.8 22.1 24.7 28.2 30.9 32.9 4.86 5.1 4.95 5.28 5.18 5.5 5.26 10-6 Up-shift (Estim.) 13 17.8 19.8 22.3 24.9 28.2 31.1 33.1 4.84 5.1 5.15 5.5 5.46 5.56 5.46 5.58 Margin (Estim.) Up-shiftb. (Estim.) Margin (Estim.)
Up-shift a (Estim.) 13.2 17.7 19.6 22.2 24.7 27.8 31 34.1 37.3
Margin (Estim.) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Margin (Estim.)
Up-shiftb (Estim.) 13.2 20.2 19.6 23.5 24.5 27.8 31.6 34.1 38.2
Margin (Estim.)
Up-shift (Estim.)
256QAM 56M Physical Mode 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256sQAM 256QAM a. b.
-4.125 Power (Estim.) 0 0 -2.5 -2.5 -3.75 -3.5 -3.5 -4.125 -4.125
27.29 BER 10-6 (Estim.) 5.6 8.1 12.5 14.4 16.89 19.53 22.6 25.65 27.38 Up-shift a. (Estim.) 13 17.8 19.8 22 24.6 27.8 30.8 32.8
5.61 Margin (Estim.) Up-shiftb. (Estim.) Margin (Estim.)
4.9 5.3 5.4 5.11 5.07 5.2 5.15 5.42
Up-shift thresholds in case of constant output power. Reference mode 256QAM. Up-shift thresholds in case of output power depending on current physical mode - Reference mode 4QAM.
Fig.33 - Vertical and horizontal adjustment
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque 15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
Fig.34 - Antenna aiming block
ALFOPLUS ALARMS AND LOOPS
A radio link generating alarm requires troubleshooting. The troubleshooting of the ALFOPlus can be organized on the basis of alarms. Basic alarms come from LEDs on the equipment and all the active alarms can be observed through SCT/ WebLCT. In this document is present ALFOPlus alarm list and a description of the loop facilities provided into the equipment.
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software.
Alarm indications
On the back of the ALFOPlus a small plastic window shows the status of an internal LED. The information provided is: Red light ON An internal alarm is active. Connect SCT/WebLCT for troubleshooting. Flashing An external alarm is active.
Green light Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and properly oriented, it is necessary to evaluate the Alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software. ON Radio connection with remote ODU is active.
SCT/WebLCT displayed alarms
ALFOPlus TRU is microprocessor controlled and all the alarms are displayed through SCT/WebLCT program running on a PC. Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular functionality and are characterized by programmable severity. Alarms, with class and a short description, are listed into Tab.14. In the following you can find a class list and the item they describe: BASE BAND Hardware failure in BBP-GE/GO unit COMMON Failure or status relevant to whole equipment ETH LAN - Failure on Ethernet traffic P.M. G.828 Performance monitoring on signal quality P.M. Rx Power Performance monitoring on received signal P.M. Tx Power Performance monitoring on transmitted signal Plug-in module - Alarm on plug-in device RADIO - Alarm on Tx/Rx section of ALFOPlus SETS - Synchronisation alarm or status SNTP - Server lost (unavailable in this SW version) Unit - Hardware or software unit alarm Tab.14 - Alarms Class BASE BAND WebLCT name Base Band Modulation Fail Alarm Base Band Demodulation Fail Alarm Equip Rmon Alarm COMMON Equip Mngt Cable Fail Alarm Equip Manual Operation Eth Lan Phy Lacp Protocol Down Eth Lan Phy Master Slave Configuration Fault ETH LAN Eth Lan Phy Link Loss Forwarding Eth Lan Phy Autonegotiation Eth Lan Phy Sync Eth Lan Phy Link Loss Description Alarm on baseband transmitting side Alarm on baseband receiving side Unavailable in this SW version Alarm on supervisory cable At least one manual operation on Unavailable in this SW version Autonegotiation GBit Frame configuration failed Link loss in remote port Autonegotiation failed Synchronization not aligned Loss of Ethernet signal
pm G828 - 24H SepAlarm pm G828 - 15M SepAlarm pm G828 - UAS Alarm P.M. G.828 pm G828 - 24H Ses Alarm pm G828 - 24H ES Alarm pm G828 - 15M Ses Alarm pm G828 - 15M ES Alarm P.M. Rx Power pm RxPwr - 24H Rlts Alarm pm RxPwr - 15M Rlts Alarm pm TxPwr - 24H Rlts Alarm pm TxPwr - 15M Rlts Alarm Plug-in Los Alarm Plug-in module Plug-in Module Alarm Plug-in Module Mismatch Alarm Plug-in Status Change Radio Config Mismatch Set BaseBand Rx Quality Low Warning BaseBand Rx Quality Low Alarm Radio Rt If Fail Radio Rt Vco Fail Radio Tx Power Alarm Radio Rx Power Low Alarm RADIO BaseBand Rx Alarm Set Radio Invalid Frequency Alarm Set Radio Equip Ber Sync Loss Alarm Radio Equip Reduced Capacity Alarm Radio Equip Link Telemetry Fail Alarm Radio Equip Link ID Alarm Timing Sync Active Status Timing Sync Drift Alarm Timing Sync Los Alarm SETS Timing Generator Holdover Status Timing Generator Free Running Status Timing Generator T0 Fail Alarm SNTP Unit Sntp Client Unicast Server Lost Unit SW Mismatch Alarm Mod/Cap mismatch on radio link Received signal quality degraded Insufficient received signal quality Intermediate frequency alarmed Voltage Controlled Oscillator failure Transmitted power below the fixed threshold Received power below the fixed threshold Low received power on base band Wrong frequency on radio link Bit error rate/Syncloss on received radio signal Capacity is reduced respect to the one with reference modulation Telemetry failed to radio link missing Wrong Link ID received Timing Sync is active Selected Synch bad quality Selected Synch missing Equipment in holdover status Equipment in Free Running status T0 synch missing Unavailable in this SW version SW mismatch detected on the unit Unavailable in this SW version Rx Power measurements on radio signal received a. Tx Power measurements on radio signal transmitted a. Quality measurements on radio signal received a
P.M. Tx Power
Unit HW Mismatch Alarm Unit Not Responding Alarm Unit Missing Alarm Unit Fail Alarm a. Regarding periods of 15 minutes or 24 hours.
HW mismatch detected on the unit No response from the unit Missing condition on the unit Failure on the unit
ALFOPLUS MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
In the following pages are listed all the procedures to follow for ALFOPlus maintenance. When corrective maintenance is necessary, a troubleshooting procedure helps the operator to identify the failure unit to replace it with a spare one.
Maintenance consists of two stages: 1 2 periodical checks to be carried out using SCT/WebLCT corrective maintenance.
Periodical checks serve to detect correct radio performance without the presence of any alarm condition. Corrective maintenance takes place as soon as one or more alarm conditions are in existence. Operation sequence to be carried out is shown in Troubleshooting paragraph.
Periodical checks
System routine maintenance consists in a series of routine checks aiming to verify correct operating mode of an alarmfree system. These checks are made through SCT/WebLCT program, installed on a PC. The items to be checked are: Tx power (i.e., attenuation value in dB vs. nominal value) Rx field (value measured must comply with that resulting from hop calculation) S/N (presence of possible interference) BER (values measured must comply with hop calculations)
How these operations are carried out is specified in Lineup section or, more widely, in ALFOPlus software manual.
Corrective maintenance (troubleshooting)
Corrective maintenance starts as soon as one or more alarm indication become active. Corrective maintenance purpose is to locate the faulty unit and replace it with spare after having verified that the cause of faulty is not external to the equipment. Corrective maintenance does not include malfunction due to a wrong or incomplete configuration of the system or to failure due to alarm indication system itself or any other cause external to the system, i.e.: cabling damage, main voltage loss, antenna misalignment and propagation problems. See paragraph 10.3 TROUBLESHOOTING for details.
Main purpose of troubleshooting is to declare an unit faulty or not. After this step alarms are caused by bad configuration and/or external causes.
Faulty condition detection
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software:
Unit LEDs
Near the circular connector of the ODU its shown the status of a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are: Red light ON An internal alarm is active. Connect SCT/WebLCT for troubleshooting. Flashing An external alarm is active.
SCT/WebLCT
Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular hardware or software functionality and are characterized by their programmable gravity. A window with alarm classes list is available for local ODU (the unit PC is physically connected to) and for remote ODU. The presence of a current alarm is pointed out by SCT/WebLCT program, see software manual. The presence of an historical alarm is pointed out in the event log window of SCT/WebLCT program (see Fig.36 and Fig.37).
Troubleshooting of a faulty unit
Into SCT/WebLCT software, in Equipment menu select View Current Alarm menu. In this window they are displayed the current alarm and their severity. Depending on which alarm classes are active, following situation can arise.
ODU alarm classes active
ALFOPlus is made up by a single unit, the ODU. This is the minimum spare part. If one or more of the following conditions occur, the ODU is faulty: One or more alarms inside the ODU hardware class are active One or more alarms inside ODU link class are active
If the following condition occurs a further investigation is necessary: Sw config alarm in ODU software class is active Every log window has to be inspected. In the window are present additional information about Sw config alarm; if it is impossible to clear through restart, the unit is not able to work properly and needs to be tested again in SIAE final test department.
Troubleshooting on remote ODU
With SCT/WebLCT program the alarm on the Remote ODU are displayed the same way as for the local one. The above described troubleshooting can be carried out for the remote ODU too.
Fig.36 - Current alarm monitoring
Fig.37 - Event log window
PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION
ALFOPlus is programmed and supervised using a software tool: SCT/WebLCT. This subject is fully described in the separated software manual.
SUPERVISION THROUGH ETHERNET
The provided structure for Ethernet traffic defines the management facilities of "ALFOplus" unit.
Ge Main port SWD Switcing Device Ge Aux port
Internal port
Mgt Mac Microcontroller Rate adapter (fpga)
Fig.38 - Traffic management of "ALFOplus" unit
In general you suppose that the equipment performs the "host" functionality in an Ethernet network and that supervisory network follows the traffic routing, eventually separated by "VLAN tag". The management can be: "In-band" "Out-of-band" by one or both traffic ports (with or without "VLAN tag") by auxiliary port "Ge aux port" (without " VLAN tag")
The two modalities can be enabled at the same time, but the IP network address must be shared. If the "In-band" management by "Ge main port" is provided with "VLAN tag", "Ge aux port" may extend the management network (without "VLAN tag") towards other units into the same site. Supervisory network can be disable selectively line side and radio site. Local access to the unit must be always guaranteed by "Ge aux port".
The following supervision modalities, associated to the input ports, can be provided: "In-band" "Out-of-band" by traffic ports "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" (with or without "VLAN tag") by auxiliary port "Ge aux port" (without "VLAN tag")
In detail, the line ports can be configured as in:
Tab.15 "Ge main port" management "Disable
- Configurations
The management by "Ge main port" can't get access to the controller The management by "Ge main port" can access to the controller. It's configured "VLAN tag" (or absence) of supervisory network Ge aux port" may access only to the local controller. Supervisory network is not connected to radio side The management by "Ge aux port" can access to the controller. It's configured "VLAN tag" (or absence) of supervisory network Ge aux port" can access to local controller and supervisory network is connected to radio side using "VLAN stacking" function to separate the traffic "Ge aux port" can access to local controller and the port is considered as a node into the supervisory network "in-band" (with VLAN tag)
"In-band
"Local access only
"Out-of-band
"In-band-drop-node
The two configurations can be enabled at the same time. The transparent connection between "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" at different speed could cause undesired congestion situations for the traffic towards the port with lower speed: this condition must be avoided by means of network dimensions. The connection between the two ports line side is enabled only when the supervisory network "in-band" uses a "VLAN tag" dedicated and therefore the traffic is assumed lower than the minimum band of the ports line side. Due to management and Ethernet maintenance (OAM), exigencies the controller must know the source port of received frames and route properly the transmitted frames.
"Transparent in-band" management
This modality allows the access to "ALFOplus" unit via "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" in the easiest possible way, with frames without " VLAN tag" and therefore with IP domain shared. This modality can be used if the user is IP addresses owner and so the equipment is inserted into a traffic network level 3 (IP routing). For this reason, the Security management is defined by the operator using the function (Access Control List).
Ge Main port
Port based vlan
Fig.39 - Transparent in-band management In order to limit the visibility of controller to the line side ( ) rather than radio side ( ), you can enable or disable the paths indicated. The path ( ) can be enabled only if both line sides are enabled to supervision (in-band) and are not in protection configuration (LAG or ELP).
"VLAN based in-band" management
This procedure allow the access of "ALFOplus" unit by "Ge main port" more safely, because the IP domain is independent of payload traffic through dedicated "VLAN tag" (configurable). This mode can be used when the user is owner of "VLAN tag" and the equipment is interposed in a level 2 network traffic (switching). In that case the management routing is obtain to filtering of "VLAN tag".
CPU Vlan map filtering
Fig.40 - VLAN based in-band management To reduce the visibility of the controller to line side ( ), radio side ( ) and extent supervision network ( ) you can enable or disable the paths indicated in filtering "VLAN tag". The path ( ) can be enabled only if both line ports, are enabled to "In-band" management. In case of protection configuration through LAG or ELP, the path ( ) cannot be enabled.
"VLAN based In-band" drop node
This particular way allows to introduce the supervision traffic "VLAN based In-band" (mandatory with "VLAN tag") using "Ge Aux port" obligatorily without "VLAN tag". The line ports are linked together using the filtering "VLAN tag" (set as tagged the default port "Ge aux port").
Ge Main port Ge Aux port
Fig.41 - VLAN based In-band drop node This mode allows the supervision of outdoor units placed in the same site, but excludes the possibility of simultaneous monitoring "Out-of-band" in the network. The insertion direction (on the line and radio side) can be selectively enabling or disabling the paths corresponding ( and ). This mode is not available in the case of interfaces in a secure configuration.
"Out-of-band" management
This mode allows the access to the local "ALFOplus" unit of frame without "VLAN tag" and the extension of the supervision network to the remote terminal. The priority of management traffic is obtained with "VLAN tag". In remote terminal the payload and management traffic are again divided. This involves increasing the length of traffic frame of four bytes.
Fe Aux port
Fig.42 - Out-of-band management
The management mode of equipment affects the Ethernet Channel and on the Switch configuration (RSTP, OAM, ). Therefore it is important to decide the optimal configuration of traffic Ethernet and management, to avoid blocking traffic conditions.
The unit uses a single IP address associated at the management port of controller and a single "default gateway". Depending on the configuration of these addresses are visible from supervision "in-band" and "Out-of-band". In special cases is necessary a local connection mode via "Ge aux port" that allows the connection or the acquisition of the address unit (eg MAC address or set the IP address or DHCP client).
Restore supervisioning access mode
The RESTORE OF CPU ACCESS command is available through Console port (round type connector) via Hyperterminal (115200bps,n,8,1): Login Type string: use WEBLCT credential lao
This string restores the factory default of port configuration: LAN1 LAN2 disable local access only
This document shows ALFOPlus system available versions with the relevant main specifications and characteristics.
ALFOPlus SYSTEM IDENTIFYING LABEL
Different versions are identified by a label. This label contains the main characteristics of the equipment (see Tab.16).
AVAILABLE ALFOPlus VERSIONS
In Tab.16 you find the available versions with following information: Code ODU frequency Go-return RF Subband (L and H)
Tab.16 - RF band and RF filter band Code GB 8700 GB 8701 GB 8702 GB 8703 GB 8704 GB 8705 GB 8716 GB 8717 GB 8718 GB 8719 GB 8720 GB 8721 GB 8726 GB 8727 GB 8728 GB 8729 GB 8730 GB 8731 GB 8782 GB 8783 GB 8784 GB 8785 GB 9646 GB 9647 GB 9700 GB 9701 GB 9702 GB 9703 GB 9704 GB 9705 GB 9716 GB 9717 GB 9718 GB 9719 GB 9720 GB 9721 Description ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 15 ODU ALFOPlus 15 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 18 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 Go-return (MHz) 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1560 1560 1008 1008 1008 1008 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1260 1260 1260 1260 420 420 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1560 1560 1008 1008 1008 1008 RF/Subband 18 GHz 1L 18 GHz 1H 18 GHz 2L 18 GHz 2H 18 GHz 3L 18 GHz 3H 18 GHz 1L 18 GHz 1H 23 GHz 1L 23 GHz 1H 23 GHz 2L 23 GHz 2H 23 GHz 1L 23 GHz 1H 23 GHz 2L 23 GHz 2H 23 GHz 3L 23 GHz 3H 38 GHz 1L 38 GHz 1H 38 GHz 2L 38 GHz 2H 15 GHz 1L 15 GHz 1H 18 GHz 1L 18 GHz 1H 18 GHz 2L 18 GHz 2H 18 GHz 3L 18 GHz 3H 18 GHz 1L 18 GHz 1H 23 GHz 1L 23 GHz 1H 23 GHz 2L 23 GHz 2H
GB 9726 GB 9727 GB 9728 GB 9729 GB 9730 GB 9731 GB 9782 GB 9783 GB 9784 GB 9785
ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 23 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38 ODU ALFOPlus 38
1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1200/1232 1260 1260 1260 1260
23 GHz 1L 23 GHz 1H 23 GHz 2L 23 GHz 2H 23 GHz 3L 23 GHz 3H 38 GHz 1L 38 GHz 1H 38 GHz 2L 38 GHz 2H
ODU INSTALLATION KIT
The ALFOPlus system installation kit is concerning pole mounting of ODU according with the operating frequency, dimensions and presence of the centring ring. V32308 for ODU with frequency from 15 to 38 GHz
The following installation kit is supplied with the equipment.
1+0 version
60 to 129 mm pole mounting kit: centring ring and relevant screws pole support system plus antenna (already assembled) and pole fixing brackets 1+0 ODU support and relevant screws ODU with O-ring and devices for ground connection.
Required tools for mounting (not supplied): N.1 2.5 mm Allen wrench N.1 3 mm Allen wrench N.1 6 mm Allen wrench N.1 13 mm spanner N.2 17 mm spanner.
Fig.1 - Components electrostatic charge sensitive indication................................................. 8 Fig.2 - Elasticized band ................................................................................................... 8 Fig.3 - Coiled cord .......................................................................................................... 8 Fig.4 - Laser indication.................................................................................................... 8 Fig.5 - WEEE symbol - 2002/96/CE EN50419 ..................................................................... 9 Fig.6 - ALFOPlus front/side view ...................................................................................... 24 Fig.7 - Reachable links in ALFOPlus sub-network................................................................ 25 Fig.8 - ALFOPlus block diagram ....................................................................................... 28 Fig.9 - Synchronisation block diagram .............................................................................. 30 Fig.10 - ATPC diagram ................................................................................................... 32 Fig.11 - Available loops .................................................................................................. 32 Fig.12 - 0 red curve .................................................................................................... 44 Fig.13 - Header compression .......................................................................................... 47 Fig.14 - Line trunking .................................................................................................... 48 Fig.15 - Hierarchical structure of Maintenance Domains ...................................................... 50 Fig.16 - ALFOPlus GE ..................................................................................................... 52 Fig.17 - ALFOPlus GO..................................................................................................... 53 Fig.18 - ODU ASN with standard coupling flange................................................................ 62 Fig.19 - 1+0 ODU installation.......................................................................................... 63 Fig.20 - 1+1 ODU installation.......................................................................................... 64 Fig.21 - Polarization disk ................................................................................................ 65 Fig.22 - 1+0 antenna flange ........................................................................................... 65 Fig.23 - 1+1 antenna flange ........................................................................................... 66 Fig.24 - F03594 cable .................................................................................................... 68
Fig.25 - ALFOPlus connectors .......................................................................................... 69 Fig.26 - Local Area Connection ........................................................................................ 72 Fig.27 - IP address setting.............................................................................................. 73 Fig.28 - Frequency and power setting .............................................................................. 74 Fig.29 - Link general setting (Modulation&Capacity, Local Link ID) ....................................... 75 Fig.30 - Main menu with Rx signal power level .................................................................. 77 Fig.31 - S/N measurement monitoring ............................................................................. 77 Fig.32 - Software download procedure ............................................................................. 78 Fig.33 - Vertical and horizontal adjustment ....................................................................... 80 Fig.34 - Antenna aiming block......................................................................................... 81 Fig.35 - Available loops .................................................................................................. 86 Fig.36 - Current alarm monitoring ................................................................................... 89 Fig.37 - Event log window .............................................................................................. 90 Fig.38 - Traffic management of "ALFOplus" unit................................................................. 92 Fig.39 - Transparent in-band management ....................................................................... 93 Fig.40 - VLAN based in-band management ....................................................................... 94 Fig.41 - VLAN based In-band drop node ........................................................................... 94 Fig.42 - Out-of-band management................................................................................... 95
Tab.1 - Artificial respiration .............................................................................................. 7 Tab.2 - Tx power............................................................................................................17 Tab.3 - Receiver thresholds (Interleaving enabled) .............................................................18 Tab.4 - Net Bit Rate........................................................................................................22 Tab.5 - Go-return frequency ............................................................................................23 Tab.6 - Tx power............................................................................................................34 Tab.7 - Receiver thresholds (Interleave enabled) ................................................................35 Tab.8 - ALFOPlus net bit rate ...........................................................................................39 Tab.9 - Ethernet service delay (latency), interleaving enabled ..............................................40 Tab.10 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................59 Tab.11 - Waveguide bending radius according to frequency .................................................61 Tab.12 - Voltage measured in auxiliary port .......................................................................76 Tab.13 - ACM switching thresholds ...................................................................................79 Tab.14 - Alarms .............................................................................................................84 Tab.15 - Configurations...................................................................................................93 Tab.16 - RF band and RF filter band .................................................................................98
ASSISTANCE SERVICE
For more information, refer to the section relevant to the technical support on the Internet site of the company manufacturing the product.
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