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Lund Cathedral () is a cathedral of the Lutheran Church of Sweden in Lund, Scania, Sweden. It is the seat of the Bishop of Lund and the main church of the Diocese of Lund. It was built as the Catholic cathedral of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, dedicated to Saint Lawrence. It is one of the oldest stone buildings still in use in Sweden.

Lund Cathedral has been called "the most powerful representative of Romanesque architecture in the Nordic countries". At the time of its construction, Lund and the cathedral belonged to Denmark. The main altar was consecrated in 1145 and the cathedral was by that time largely finished; the western towers were built somewhat later. Its architecture show clear influences from contemporary north Italian architecture, conveyed via the Rhine Valley. The earliest architect was named Donatus, though his precise role in the construction of the cathedral is difficult to determine. The new cathedral was richly decorated with stone sculpture, including two unusual statues in the crypt traditionally called "The giant Finn and his wife" about which a local legend has developed. The cathedral was severely damaged in a fire in 1234, and major restoration works were carried out in the early 16th century under the leadership of Adam van Düren. Following the Reformation, the cathedral suffered from lost income and dilapidation. In 1658, the city of Lund and the cathedral became a part of Sweden following the Treaty of Roskilde. Lund Cathedral was the site of the ceremony acknowledging the founding of Lund University in 1668. Repairs were made during the 18th century but in 1832 a complete restoration of the cathedral was recommended. Subsequently, much of the cathedral was restored and rebuilt during most of the 19th century. The work was first led by Carl Georg Brunius and later by architect Helgo Zettervall and not entirely finished until 1893. The changes implemented during the 19th century were extensive; among other things, Zettervall had the entire western part, including the towers, demolished and rebuilt to his own designs.

The medieval cathedral contains several historic furnishings and works of art. Its main altarpiece was donated to the cathedral in 1398, and it also contains Gothic choir stalls, bronzes and an astronomical clock from the 15th century (although heavily restored in 1923). When it was built, Lund Cathedral was lavishly decorated with Romanesque stone sculptures. It also contains late medieval stone sculptures from the time of Adam van Düren's renovation. After the Reformation the cathedral was also equipped with a decorated pulpit. Of more recent date is the large mosaic in the apse, by Joakim Skovgaard, installed in 1927. Lund Cathedral has six church organs, one of which is the largest in Sweden, and is also used as a concert venue.

Historical background
Christian missionaries from present-day Germany and England were active in the Christianisation of Denmark, and vied for influence over the kingdom. Denmark eventually became part of the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen. Lund was at the time part of Denmark. With the consolidation of Danish monarchy during the second half of the 11th century, and with a political crisis in continental Europe, there arose an opportunity for the Danish monarchs to bypass the German influence over church policy in Denmark. An episcopal see was created in Lund in 1060. At the same time, another see was created in Dalby, close to Lund, where Dalby Church was built adjacent to what was possibly a royal palace. However, when the first bishop of Lund (Henry of Lund) died, the erstwhile bishop of Dalby, Egino, was installed in Lund and Dalby abandoned as the seat of a bishop. At the same time, in 1103, Lund was proclaimed an archiepiscopal see overseeing all Nordic countries.

The cathedral was not the first church to be built in Lund; the earliest churches (now vanished) were built in the city at the end of the 10th century. Some kind of rudimentary settlement probably existed at the site of Lund Cathedral at the end of the 10th and early 11th centuries, but no remains of buildings have been found there. Lund Cathedral is one of the oldest stone buildings still in use in Sweden. During the Middle Ages, the cathedral was surrounded by several buildings serving the diocese, of which only Liberiet, which at one point served as a library, survives.

History

Foundation and construction

The earliest written mention of a church in Lund dedicated to Saint Lawrence – the patron saint of Lund Cathedral during the Middle Ages – dates from 1085. Slightly later sources mention both a new and an old church dedicated to Saint Lawrence. During the 1940s, archaeological excavations in the cathedral uncovered the foundations of another church inside the present building. The exact age, shape and function of this predecessor to the cathedral has been a matter of some debate. Most scholars believe that construction of a church on the site of Lund Cathedral was begun sometime during the second half of the 11th century. Some time thereafter a new church was begun in almost the same place, but to a larger design in the form of the present cathedral. Parts of the earlier church may have been incorporated in the walls of the cathedral. The decision to abandon Dalby as a bishopric and make Lund the sole archbishopric in Scandinavia may have prompted the change of plans.

Apart from the obscurity which thus surrounds the very beginning of the history of the cathedral, the construction of Lund Cathedral is probably among the most well documented among any Romanesque churches. Two contemporary accounts of the building of the cathedral, in the form of the illuminated manuscripts Necrologium Lundense and Liber daticus vetustior, are still preserved in the library of Lund University. Both books contain notes, written in Latin, with dates of the progression of the construction. The oldest part of the cathedral is the large crypt. Its main altar was inaugurated on 30 June 1123, followed by the north (1126) and south (1131) side altars of the crypt. Only then did the cathedral begin to be used. One of the main functions of the crypt appears to have been as a place where baptisms were conducted. The main altar of the cathedral was dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Lawrence on 1 September 1145, by the second archbishop of Lund, Eskil, in a ceremony attended by bishops from present-day Germany, Denmark and Sweden. By then, the construction of the cathedral to more or less its present dimensions was complete.

Unusually for that time, the architect of the cathedral is known by his name, Donatus. The name appears in both the Necrologium Lundense (as "Donatus architectus") and the Liber daticus vetustior. Donatus may have been responsible for the layout of the crypt and the cathedral above ground as far west as the current north and south portals of the cathedral, although it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusions about his precise role. The same is true for his successor, possibly a builder named Ragnar. The building erected during the time of Donatus and his successor show clear influences from Romanesque architecture in Lombardy, conveyed via the Rhine Valley. Donatus himself appears to have been from, or at least educated in, Lombardy. Speyer Cathedral in western Germany is stylistically closely related to Lund Cathedral (especially the crypt), and it has been proposed that Donatus came to Lund from Speyer, where construction more or less ceased in 1106 following the death of Emperor Henry IV. Similarities have also frequently been pointed out between Lund Cathedral and Mainz Cathedral, and the design of the apse is similar to that of the Basilica of Saint Servatius in Maastricht. On a more general level, the origins of the style of Lund Cathedral can be found in Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio (Milan), Modena Cathedral and several churches in Pavia, all in northern Italy. Similar stylistic influences can be seen in other cathedrals in Denmark from the same time, for example in Ribe Cathedral.

The building of Lund Cathedral must have involved a large number of people and was a collective undertaking. Comparable but somewhat later workshops at Cologne Cathedral and Uppsala Cathedral employed a workforce of about 100 and 60 people, respectively. The project was instrumental in establishing a workshop where local craftsmen could be educated, and thus disseminating artistic influences from continental Europe to Scandinavia. The stone sculptors ,  and Majestatis were probably all Scandinavians who were educated at the construction site. Many early Romanesque stone churches in the countryside, particularly in Scania but also in the rest of present-day Denmark and Sweden, show direct influences from Lund Cathedral, notably Vä Church (Scania). Other examples are e.g.  (Zealand),  (Småland),  (Östergötland) and Havdhem Church (Gotland).

Fire and repairs
The plan and layout of the building consecrated in 1145 was similar to the one seen today. A noticeable difference was that the entire choir was separated from the nave by a wall and reserved for the clergy. The towers were also not built until a few decades later. The intention was probably to provide the cathedral with vaults, but instead a flat wooden ceiling was installed. The cathedral was adorned with wall paintings and almost certainly by stained glass windows, but none of these remain. In 1234, the cathedral was heavily damaged by a large fire. Large donations were made to the church in the following years, to allow for repairs. Even so, the need for repairs was continuous for the entire 13th century. Following the fire, the burnt-out ceiling was replaced by brick vaults. Changes were also made to the layout of the westernmost part of the building. A conflict erupted between King Christopher I of Denmark and Archbishop Jakob Erlandsen in 1257 partially because the choir had been enlarged and the seats of the royal family moved, itself a testimony of the growing power of the Church. Two chapels were added to the cathedral during the 14th and 15th centuries; one located adjacent to the two westernmost bays of the south aisle of the nave, and the other as a western extension of the south transept. Buttresses were also added piecemeal to the building during the 13th and 14th centuries, to stabilise the building which was under strain from the new, heavier vaults, the added chapels and the constant ringing of the 8.5 tonne church bell.

Changes by Adam van Düren and later

The German sculptor and builder Adam van Düren apparently worked intermittently at restoring and altering the cathedral between  1506 or 1507 and 1524. Despite, and to some extent because of, the work that had been done during the preceding centuries since the great fire of 1234, the cathedral was in need of a thorough restoration. Adam van Düren and his workshop made several changes and contributions. A new drainage system was installed in the crypt, and as part of that work a well, which probably replaced an earlier well in the same location, was decorated with satirical allegories. The workshop of van Düren also created two new windows in the choir, built a large buttress to support the southern transept (before 1513), and rebuilt the gable of the northern transept (1524) as well as its vaults. New and considerably larger windows with pointed arches were installed in both the northern wall of the north transept and in the southern wall of the south transept. The towers and western facade were also repaired in 1512–18 and again in 1527. It has been argued that the cathedral may have collapsed, were it not for the work done by van Düren.

Following the Reformation in the 16th century, the diocese lost much of its revenues. The building was still subjected to much stress, not least by the use of the large church bell, and suffered during the recurrent wars between Denmark and Sweden; in 1658 Lund permanently became part of Sweden. Despite van Düren's repairs, the church was described as being "very dilapidated" in 1682. During the 18th century, the chapels of the church were used for funerals, but also as an improvised morgue where corpses were occasionally left for several years. Attempts at repairs were made; among them the entire apse was dismantled and then re-erected. Many of the repairs were however either temporary or outright detrimental to the condition of the building. King Gustav III of Sweden visited the cathedral crypt in 1785 and expressed his displeasure at its state. In 1812, the aforementioned chapels from the 14th and 15th centuries were demolished.

Changes by Carl Georg Brunius and Helgo Zettervall

When the congregation wanted to build a new church organ in the early 19th century, architect  was invited to examine the structure in 1832. Nyström recommended a complete renovation of the cathedral. The chairman of the council in charge of administering the cathedral buildings, Carl Georg Brunius, was called to execute the plans of Nyström, and he did so while at the same time making changes according to his own convictions. He also wrote the first systematic art history of the cathedral. Brunius had the organ moved, the crypt repaired, installed a set of steps connecting the choir with the nave and improved the drainage system. He also removed modern furnishings, re-built some of the buttresses and changed the stone of a large part of the facade. Brunius retired due to old age in 1859, but as there was still a substantial need for repairs, the young architect Helgo Zettervall was appointed to carry out the rest of the work in 1860. A conflict between Brunius and Zettervall developed almost immediately, but Zettervall would keep working on restoring the cathedral until 1893 and ultimately managed to implement most of his ideas for the cathedral. A compromise in 1862 proposed that the Danish architect Ferdinand Meldahl would assume the main responsibility, and Zettervall would merely assist Meldahl. However, it soon became apparent that Zettervall would not accept a subordinate role and Meldahl himself showed little interest in the project. In 1862, Zettervall traveled extensively through Germany and Italy to study stylistically related architecture, and also to visit the latest examples of building restoration so that he could draw upon that experience in his work at Lund. In 1863, he presented a first proposal for a complete restoration of the cathedral. Zettervall himself considered it a "reasonable middle ground between reparation and reconstruction". The proposal would mean the removal of all buttresses, a new roof, completely rebuilt towers, and the removal of the large Gothic windows in the transepts. Zettervall also proposed to add an octagonal dome over the crossing. Far-reaching changes would also affect the interior. In the proposal Zettervall strove to reduce and refine the building volumes of the cathedral and create a unified composition of block-like elements.

The proposal by Zettervall was criticised, not least by Meldahl. Zettervall re-worked the proposal and put forward a revised, less far-reaching proposal in 1864, notably without the central dome. This proposal was also rejected and the plan for a complete overhaul abandoned; however it was at the same time decided that Zettervall would continue working on repairing the cathedral and every year make what changes that were deemed necessary. In this way, Zettervall could piecemeal over the next decades to rebuild the cathedral largely in line with his design from 1864.

Between 1832 and 1893, the cathedral was radically transformed by the work of Brunius and Zettervall. All windows were replaced, several vaults and pillars were repaired or rebuilt, and both architects effected extensive changes to the transept. Just as he had suggested, Zettervall had all the buttresses removed and demolished the entire western part of the church, including the towers, and rebuilt them according to his own Neo-Romanesque designs.

In the 20th century, archaeological excavations were carried out in and around the cathedral. The building also underwent a major restoration in 1954–1963, led by architect . During this time the decorative painting from the 19th century was removed. The large mosaic decorating the apse was installed in 1927, and designed by Joakim Skovgaard. In 1990, the layout of the choir was changed and the altar placed in the crossing. Pope Francis visited the cathedral on 31 October 2016 to observe the 499th anniversary of the beginning of the Reformation.

Architecture and decoration
Lund Cathedral has been called "the most powerful representative of Romanesque architecture in the Nordic countries". It lies at some distance from any other buildings and dominates its surroundings. It consists of the two towers built by Zettervall, which flank the main entrance to the west. Behind them a nave with two aisles open up to a transept that is somewhat higher than the nave. A short flight of stairs thus connect the nave with the choir as well as with the crypt under the choir. The choir ends in an apse. Inside, the bays of the cathedral are supported by groin vaults. The number of bays in the aisles are the double of that in the nave. The arches that separate the nave from the aisles are supported by piers and pillars of alternating width. The crypt has over forty shallow groin vaults supported by pillars with cushion capitals. It is sparsely lit by low small windows and remains largely unchanged since 1123.

Seen from outside, the different elements of the building are clearly discernible as independent volumes, "as if they could be taken apart and put together again". The apse of the cathedral is a "forcefully articulated" semi-circle. Compared to its predecessors in Mainz, its composition is somewhat more elaborate with three distinct storeys each divided into fields, the lower by lesenes and the middle by columns with decorated capitals. The uppermost part is a gallery of shallow barrel vaults carried by 21 smaller columns, which open towards the exterior. The apse is the most well-preserved part of the Romanesque building and has been described as "the artistic high point of the exterior".  The southern portal of the nave is perhaps the oldest of the cathedral. Five decorated archivolts supported by small columns with variously decorated capitals, frame a tympanon depicting the Lamb of God. The northern portal is slightly later and more richly decorated. Its tympanon depicts Samson wrestling with the lion. Two bronze doors built by  serve as the main entrance in the centre of the west facade. They have 24 reliefs with subjects from the Bible, particularly the Old Testament. Above the doorway, the tympanon depicts Christ, Canute IV of Denmark and Saint Lawrence. The cathedral has two sacristies. The building material of the cathedral is mostly sandstone quarried in the area around Höör. The main walls are constructed as shells of sandstone filled with fieldstone mixed with lime mortar. The thickness of the walls is around .

Sculptures

When it comes to stone sculpture, Lund Cathedral was the most lavishly decorated Romanesque building to be built in the Nordic countries, according to art historian , and its sculptures are of recognised high artistic quality. Perhaps the most well-known and striking of these are the sculptures of two figures traditionally called "The giant Finn and his wife" in the crypt. According to a local legend, the giant helped build the cathedral, and when he was not paid for his services he tried to destroy it by shaking the pillars, but was petrified. The larger of the two figures is embracing a column, while the smaller is attached to another column with a rope. These sculptures have probably been the subject of more attempts at an explanation than any other medieval artworks in Sweden, according to art historian Mereth Lindgren. Most scholars today believe the larger sculpture depicts Samson, but what the smaller figure is supposed to represent is not known. The sculptures date from the construction of the crypt but have been treated poorly, especially during the 18th century, and lost much of their original detailing.

The fluted columns also found in the crypt are similar in style to English Norman architecture and may indicate that the very first artistic influences came from the area bordering the English Channel. Apart from these columns however, the rich stone ornamentation is clearly Lombardic in style, meaning related to north Italian art of the period. Among these is a baldachin now immured in the east wall of the north transept which may have been part of the original western facade; Its columns have Corinthian capitals and support a richly decorated archivolt on which traces of original paint survives. Opposite, in the south wall, is a smaller baldachin where the columns themselves are sculpted angels (one with feather tights) standing on lions. Similar sculptures exist in Como and Modena in northern Italy. In addition, the capitals of the columns in the church are all of high artisanal quality, and can be broadly divided into two groups displaying either Classical or Byzantine influences. Apart from its rich Romanesque decoration, Lund Cathedral also contains several late medieval sculptures made by Adam van Düren, as mentioned above. Several of these are of animals and contain inscriptions in Low German. A relief in the south transept displaying the Woman of the Apocalypse flanked by Saint Lawrence and Saint Canute is similar to the portal relief van Düren made a couple of years earlier at Glimmingehus.

Altarpiece
The medieval main altarpiece was donated to the cathedral in 1398 by Ide Pedersdatter Falk. The altarpiece is one of a group of stylistically similar altarpieces and made in some north Germany city, probably by Master Bertram or in his workshop. Its central panel depicts the Coronation of the Virgin, surrounded by two rows of 40 saints, 26 of which are original. Twelve figures have been taken from other medieval altarpieces, while two of the added figures are from the 17th century. The altarpiece is  wide but is missing an original pair of wings.

Choir stalls

The choir contains two rows of medieval choir stalls containing in total 78 seats. The wooden stalls date from the end of the 14th century, probably commissioned by archbishop Nils Jönson some time between 1361 and 1379. Clearly made by several different wood carvers, they are approximately  tall without their gables and decorated with carved details. These are biblical scenes from both the Old and New Testament, but the stalls also contain misericords portraying animals and other small details. Their style is High Gothic and they are stylistically linked with contemporary art from the Rhine Valley. They are among the largest wooden Gothic sculptures to survive in the Nordic countries, and have been described as being of internationally high quality. The choir stalls in Lund Cathedral also lent stylistic inspiration to the choir stalls in Roskilde Cathedral and St. Bendt's Church, Ringsted.

Slightly older than the choir stalls is a bishop's throne which survives in a damaged state and is placed in the south transept. It is somewhat similar in construction to the choir stalls but stylistically different and more closely related to contemporary art from north Germany. Currently placed next to the bishop's chair is also a Gothic tabernacle in the form of a  tall, decorated wooden pillar. It contains two cabinets surmounted by a statuette of a female saint and crowned by a hexagonal spire. The tabernacle was repaired by Brunius in the 19th century. The saint may be Ida of Toggenburg.

Astronomical clock

The astronomical clock of Lund Cathedral, presently located at the west end of the north aisle, dates from the late Middle Ages and was installed in Lund Cathedral  1425. In 1837, it was dismantled. It was restored at the initiative of architect  and the Danish clockmaker Julius Bertram Larsen and re-inaugurated in 1923. The upper part, which is original, is the clock, while the lower part, a reconstruction, is a calendar. Twice every day the two knights on the top clash their swords. The clock then plays the tune In dulci jubilo and a procession of figures representing the three Kings with their servants parade across the face of the clock. Similar clocks from approximately the same period are known from several churches in towns in the south Baltic Sea area. Especially the clocks in Doberan Minster and St. Nicholas Church, Stralsund are very similar, and it is possible that the clockmaker Nikolaus Lilienfeld who made the clock in Stralsund also made the clock in Lund. The clock was repaired 2009–2010.

A decorated conventional clock from 1623 is immured on the opposite side of the nave, in the west wall of the south aisle.

Bronzes
The cathedral also owns three High Gothic bronze columns carrying statuettes, the oldest remaining furnishings in the cathedral, and a seven-branched candelabrum from the end of the Middle Ages. Two of the bronze columns are crowned by angels, and the third one by a statuette of Saint Lawrence, holding a gridiron, the symbol of his martyrdom. It probably dates from the middle of the 14th century, while the two angel-bearing columns may be somewhat later. Saint Lawrence's column is approximately  tall (and the saint ), while the columns with angels are slightly smaller. The three columns were probably made in Lübeck or Hamburg. Presently located in the south transept is also the  tall seven-branched candelabrum or candle holder from the late 15th century, manufactured by Harmen Bonstede in Hamburg. It was supplied to the cathedral in a dismantled state, and traces of its assembly instruction are still discernible on the candelabrum. Similar candelabra were installed in a number of Scandinavian cathedrals at approximately the same time; although the one in Lund is larger than those in the cathedrals of Aarhus, Ribe, Viborg and Stockholm.

Pulpit
The current pulpit was commissioned at the end of the 16th century and is marked with the date 1592. The artist was Johannes Ganssog from Frankfurt an der Oder in present-day Germany. It is attached with unusual technical skill to one of the pillars of the nave, and it is entered through a stair cut inside the pillar. The building material is sandstone, black limestone and black and white marble, and it is partially painted and gilded. Reliefs of alabaster on the side show scenes from the New Testament.

Graves and funerary monuments

Several people have been buried in the cathedral. The crypt contains the oldest grave in the cathedral, the grave of Hermann of Schleswig, who played an important role as an emissary of archbishop Ascer of Lund to the Pope and who may have written parts of the aforementioned Necrologium Lundense. The simple Romanesque sarcophagus, which has an inscription in Latin and a depiction of the titular bishop, is located in the apse of the crypt. It dates from the middle of the 12th century. The crypt also contains the much larger grave monument of the last archbishop, , which is centrally placed in the crypt. It is of a kind which is not unusual in continental Europe but very unusual in the Nordic countries: a large stone sarcophagus decorated on all sides with sculptures in high relief and with a full-scale depiction of the bishop in full dress on the lid. It was made by Adam van Düren in 1512. The cathedral's largest grave monument is that of bishop Hans Brostorp, who died in 1497 and who during his lifetime inaugurated the University of Copenhagen. The monument is made of limestone from Gotland and decorated in low relief.

The nave and the aisles contain several memorial plaques and epitaphs. Several commemorate bishops, such as  (1699–1777) and  (1728–1811). Many others were made for professors at Lund University, e.g.  (1714–1796) and  (1633–1697). The oldest epitaph of the cathedral commemorates the owner of Krageholm Castle  (1500–1567) and his wife Görvel Fadersdotter (Sparre) (1509 or 1517 – 1605).

Baptismal font
The baptismal font of the cathedral is a sparsely decorated Early Gothic font made of reddish grey limestone.

Flora

Several surveys and descriptions of the flora of the cathedral, like the plants that grow on its walls, have been made. The first to describe the flora of the cathedral was Daniel Rolander, one of the apostles of Linnaeus, who made a list of the vascular plants, mosses and lichen he found growing on the building in 1771. It was rediscovered in the 20th century and published in 1931. Elias Magnus Fries also made observations about the flora of the cathedral during the first half of the 19th century. More systematic surveys of the flora of the building have been published in 1922 and in 1993 (the latter only encompassing lichen). Of the species observed growing on the cathedral, the minute fern wall-rue (Asplenium ruta-muraria) was mentioned as early as 1756 by  and is perhaps the most conspicuous member of the cathedral flora. When the lichen flora was surveyed in 1993, 15 species were discovered. One of these, Lecanora perpruinosa, had not been observed in the province of Scania before.

Relationship with Lund University
The founding of Lund University in 1666 was acknowledged in a ceremony in the cathedral in 1668. Following the Reformation, the choir was used for a long time as a classroom, first by Lund Cathedral School and later by the university. The university also used the choir to store its library for some time. The cathedral is still the place for the ceremony of the conferment of new doctor's degrees at the university.

Music
The cathedral has five choirs for adults and two choirs for children. The cathedral is also frequently used for concerts.

There are currently six church organs in Lund Cathedral, including the largest church organ in Sweden. The gallery organ was built between 1932 and 1934 by the Danish company Marcussen & Søn and renovated by the same company in 1992. It has 102 stops distributed between four manuals and a pedalboard. There are 7,074 pipes in total. The smallest organ is inside the astronomical clock, where it plays In dulci jubilo.

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 Official website of the cathedral
 Digitised copy of the Necrologium Lundense, with information about the book and its contents in English
 Digitised copy of the Liber daticus vetustior, with information about the book and its contents in English
 YouTube channel of the cathedral

Buildings and structures completed in 1145
12th-century churches in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Lund
Roman Catholic cathedrals in pre-Reformation Sweden
Lutheran cathedrals in Sweden
Romanesque architecture in Sweden
Tourist attractions in Lund
Coronation church buildings
Churches in Skåne County
Churches in the Diocese of Lund
12th-century establishments in Skåne County


Accepting one's human, thus fallible, nature is hard for most people. Either because of the upbringing or because of acquired or innate perfectionism, it does not matter. The errors seem to bear a weight far greater than consequences would grant, usually.
Moreover, there seems to be a worldview that equates "error" to "personal flaw", and as such any error seems to diminish the already frail sense of self-worth. Combine that with the over-the-top reactions of those around (how many times a small oversight was blown out of proportion by a boss or colleague? How many times small mishaps were used in office wars?), and errors sometimes take on the color of impending doom.
Now, take a break from the self-blame cycle and imagine that the very same thing, in the same circumstances, happened to one of your friends, and you have to talk to him.
How would you treat your friend?
Would you beat them over the head and make them grovel in penance? Or would you encourage them to go on, correct any consequences to the best of their abilities and learn from their mistakes?
I bet most answers would be the latter, not the former: encourage, support, learn, move on.
Why would you treat yourself differently?
Next time you get into hot water for something you did, stop beating yourself and imagine the same thing happened to one of your friends. And treat yourself as you would treat that friend. Strive, of course, to mitigate any negative results, apologize and correct where this is due, but stop before putting yourself through a court-martial again.
Compassion is not only for strangers; it is mainly for yourself. Not because you are selfish, but because you are your most important resource. Take care of that resource before it wears out.
Stop ruminating. It is natural, but not always constructive. I'd dare to say it almost never proves useful. It is not to say you shouldn't analyse what happened; this helps you learn and get better at things. But it doesn't help in any way to replay the movie time and again, beating yourself up or inventing alternative scenarios.
In order to stop brooding and start building, turn your attention to the outside. Consciously establish your objective: "I will scan the street and take in as many details of the outside world as I can". Focus on things you like. If you are passionate about colors, look for every shade, for every nuance you encounter. If you are into smells, remark as many different smells, aromas, flavors as you can, from the fleeting perfumes of the passers-by to the thick smell of restaurant kitchens to the sharp smell of fresh paint as you pass by a door being redecorated. Whatever you like, look for it actively.
At first, this probably won't last long. Your mind wants you ruminating. That's OK. Don't fret, don't judge yourself, don't try too hard. Observe the return to inner scenarios, file the fact away and get your eyes and attention back outside. Repeat as necessary.
If at all possible, take yourself into the nature: a wood, a park, a field. Nature is a healer, more so than any other man-made environment. But if you can't, the cityscape will do nicely, as long as you remember that the essence is not succeeding in this exercise, but the repetition itself. Right, the repetition. Just like at the gym: it is not the weight you're lifting, but how many times you lift it, that shapes muscles.
Attention and focus are much like muscles: you have to work them to make them stronger.
And while you're at it, combine it with Step 7: straighten up. Raise your forehead, look upon the world as you own it and soon you will be better. "Fake it till you make it" is not a lie. It takes effort, for sure. But it works.
If your mind plays tricks on you, it is only adequate for you to play tricks back on it. You should be the winner.
Observing dispassionately allows control. Once you managed to take the previous step (dis-identifying Yourself from Mind) – or even at the same time – start observing yourself as you would an item in a museum.
Start by observing what happens inside your body. It is easier with the body, because it doesn't play the identification trick. Scan your muscles, your gut, your heart, your face. Notice the tension in your arms and legs, notice the feeling of a solid rock in your belly, notice the fast-paced, shallow breathing, notice the sensation of heat in your cheeks.
Once you noticed those sensations, stop. Don't take it further, don't judge "I shouldn't feel that, I shouldn't be red-faced". Just take the information in and file it without tagging it "good" or "bad". Go back to scanning and do it as many times as you need to cool off.
After you get familiar with observing your body, you can take the next step and do the same with your mind. Observe what feelings it puts out. Name them as exactly as you can: "my mind is making me feel ashamed", "my mind is making me feel furious". It is good information. It is not something you should believe or act upon. If you can trace the source you're even better off: "my mind makes me feel ashamed I made a mistake because in the first grade the teacher always made crude fun of me because I wasn't talented at math". Seeing the source is valuable, because it shows you that your mood has less to do with Now and more to do with The Past. The link is emotional, not rational.
The same goes with your mind. It won't catch you again, because you will recognize its trick, see right through them and take appropriate action, as opposed to the hasty things It wants you to do.
"Response" is the name of the game. "Reaction" is a thing of the past.
Fighting the feeling will only enhance its grip. That is something adults almost never tell kids, when it comes to "proper emotional reaction". At least where I am from, "boys don't cry". I've been told that many times; I've never been told how to fight tears (and, of course, the more I tried, the more they would trickle down my cheeks, red-hot with shame).
One doesn't justify feelings. They are what they are: a natural, honest and strong reaction of the mind (and body) to an unpleasant set of circumstances. You wouldn't even dream to justify breathing and explain metabolism. Why would you need to treat feelings differently?
That "good" feeling / "bad" feeling dichotomy is a purely social construct. "Chase away the nature, it will return at a gallop" say the French. And, as Nature would do, the harder you fight it the more it will return with a vengeance.
So, next time you feel something you "shouldn't" feel, stop fighting it. If it is fear you feel, allow it; if it is anger you feel, say to yourself "This is fear that I feel; I will allow it to rise and go away without fighting it". Name it, observe it and let it be. Eventually, it will go away.
That is not to say you should indulge in manifesting your every feeling. Having that feeling is one thing; acting on it is a different beast altogether. Do not allow yourself to act under the pressure. Bad moods alter the worldview, and consequences could be more than you bargained for.
If need be, you can explain: "I am feeling very nervous right now and it has nothing to do with you. I do not want to talk / explain / tell the story and I do not want to engage further because I don't really know what I can do, so please let me be for now and I will come to you later".
Please, do not make the mistake of taking it out on whomever stays in front of you at the moment. Even if you explain later that "it had nothing to do with you, I was just angry", some things cannot be undone.
Feel your feelings. Name them, call them out, let them come and go without resisting. Where they've been, the landscape will clear out and refresh, more often than not.
You are not the only one in such a predicament: we all have rough patches and difficult moments. Some of us are better at hiding it, but on the inside we're all the same colour.
Most of us, when in the throes of fate, feel we're alone in our suffering. We may receive help and support from people who care for us, and we are grateful for that, but even this help-and-support come from someone who is not, right now, with us, in such a deep pain. More, we observe the world around us and see other enjoying things and feelings we so sorely lack.
a) For many, it's about the image they put out: the deep truth is different in the overwhelming majority of cases. People will put out their best image and pour mountains of effort into safeguarding the social image (isn't that what "inner power" is all about? Showing "strength" while bleeding inside?); and we see that image. The soul behind it is way more in pain and frazzled.
That realisation came to me during conversation with my spouse about some friends that seemed poised to do well; she casually said "The other day I heard her say the only thing she had left in common with her husband were the kids and the credits".
You might think you're alone. You might even feel loneliness. It is only natural; it is usually patently untrue. Take a moment to look around you closely. We all have our troubles. You have companions in your plight – only you do not know them. You don't have to, just know they are there.
b) Preparation is everything: take care and assemble a Team You: people who know you, love you just the way you are and accept you with all your little quirks and peculiarities. Talk to them one by one or in a group setting.
This is not the time to be evasive and hope they'll get it. Certainly, you'll be in for some surprises. Many think "tough love" is the way (it is not, in many cases). But you'll end up with a Team You ready to support you, ready to be your cheerleaders, a handy resource to have in dire times.
Have them know you value and cherish their support and lean on them in troubled times. That way, you'll know you never walk alone.
Stressed out by that presentation you must deliver tomorrow? Can't stand your obnoxious cubicle mate one more second? Boss is giving you grief for the sake of it and you're dreading each morning? Well, you're not alone. Neither are you powerless.
Here are some steps to take when stress, anxiety or any negative emotion, really, become overwhelming. They work for me, as they do for other individuals I know.
– ideally, you'd want to do all this right there and then. I know this is not always possible – we're all human and, in the heat of the moment, it is hard to maintain composure and remember things we should do. We react as we are wired, mostly. In that case, do the exercise later – it is still hugely useful, if only as preparation for the next heated moments (they will come for sure!).
You are not the only one in such a predicament: we all have rough patches and difficult moments. Some of us are better at hiding it, but on the inside we're all the same color. That colleague that keeps his cool and turns robot-like in a crisis? Aloofness may be his way to keep the pain and anxiety from overwhelming him. That recently divorced mom of two, who gets out every night and feels wonderful now, that she's single? It may well be that parties are her way of avoiding loneliness. They're not really that tough; they're just good at hiding it. You are not alone by any stretch. Remember that.
Feelings are natural, they are not a flaw. We are wired to feel down, empty, nervous, anxious or furious. Don't blame yourself; don't let yourself tricked into buying in the trope of "you shouldn't feel this way". You feel what you feel. Let the feeling arise and go (and, as a side note, "should" is one of the most destructive words I've encountered – abandon it where it does harm!).
Fighting the feeling will only enhance its grip. If you feel fear, feel it, it's no shame. If what you feel is fury, let it be. Feelings only come to go away eventually. If you can, resolve to be a pipe for negative feelings, not a reservoir. Allow it to manifest, and then allow it to go away (refer to points 4 and 5 for that).
You are not your mood. Generally speaking, you are not your brain. Do not identify with it. If you bump a toe on a bed post, your toe hurts, not the entirety of You. The same goes here: your brain oozes the mood, but you don't have to drown in it. Simply observe your feelings, without judging them as "good" or "bad". Replace "I am angry" with "I feel anger" or even with "My brain makes me feel anger". Distance does cool down heated feelings.
Switch to "Clinical Mode On". "Clinical mode" is what I call when I observe what I feel without getting entangled, just like a wildlife biologist observes a lion hunting and killing an antelope. For sure, it is a tragedy for the antelope, and the scientist acknowledges and accepts that. He can even feel sad for the animal; but, in the end, he is just an outside observer keeping clear of the drama. In the same way, you can observe what is going on with you, but not get involved.
Direct your attention away from the events that caused the feelings. Brooding is natural – and unhelpful. Once the situation is gone, let it be gone. Pay deliberate attention to the outside. Take a walk – if you can – and strive to consciously observe all and any details of the world. Colors of the items in a shop window? See how many different shades you can count. Benches with people resting? See if you can observe the shape and shade of each one or any differences between various benches. A cute young couple passing by? Maybe you can observe gestures and guess what they're talking about. You will come back to brooding, eventually. That's OK, we humans are prone to that. Observe that return as you would observe a flashing shop sign – "My brain keeps returning to brooding". Just get your eyes and mind out again.
Straighten up. That's right, I'm not joking: straighten up your back and keep your forehead and eyes pointing forward. It's a neat little psychological trick: physiology influences the mind. Walk like you are happy and you'll feel less gloom-and-doom inside.
Accept. "Yeah, right, I should just accept I made a mess". Hey, I can hear your thoughts! Stop that! Seriously now, "accepting" does not mean "I don't care". It means "I'm human, I will make errors and that says nothing about me as long as I strive in good faith to correct the consequences to the best of my abilities". We all have our inglorious moments. We're not less because of that. Accept that truth of life and move on.
Of course, none of the above comes naturally and all of it takes effort. Some of it will not be your cup of tea, for sure. No problem, just try something else until you find your own, personal way to bootstrap yourself out of the hole. And, when you have discovered neat little tricks, maybe you'll return here and share those trick. You might make many unknown lives a little bit better.
PS: when working with yourself (which is what I propose here), the hardest part isn't what, it's the how. We all know we should calm down; how in heaven do I do it when I'm in flames?
That is why I thought some ideas on the how of stress management might prove useful for some people.


آسرآر لإتقآن آللغة آلإنچليزية تعلم نپرة آلگلمآت وآلمقصود پهآآلتشديد على پعض آلحروف في آلگلمة آلوآحده ، وتعتپر آلمفتآح آلذهپيللتحدث پآلإنچليزي وفهم هذه آللغة . وهي أفضل آلطرق لفهم آلمتحدثينپهآ خآصة إذآ صآدفت أحد يتگلم آللغة آلإنچليزية پسرعة . مثآل لو أخذنآثلآث گلمآت : photograph , photographer , photographic هل نطقهآمتشآپه ؟ لآ ، إنمآ مختلف وآلإختلآف يگون في آلنپرة يعني في آلتشديدعلى پعض آلحروف في آلگلمة آلوآحدة ، حيث أن آلگلمة آلوآحدة أحيآنآتحتوي على مقطعين أو عدة مقآطع وپعض هذه آلمقآطع عند نطقهآ نشدد عليهآأگثر من غيرهآ . يعني لإتقآن نطق آلگلمآت لآزم نعرف أي آلحروف فيآلگلمة هي آللي نشدد عليهآ ونعرف مقآطع آلگلمة آلوآحدة مع آلعلم إنپعض آلگلمآت تگون قصيرة ولآ تتقسم إلى مقآطع . عآدة يوضح آلقآموسمقآطع آلگلمآت وگيفية نطقهآ وآلمطلوپ منآ آلآن إننآ نحآول نسمع گيفيةنطق آلگلمآت وآلتشديد على پعض آلحروف دون آلآخر في آلرآديو أو من خلآلآلأفلآم . خطوتنآ آلأولى إننآ نسمع ونتعرف على آلنطق آلصحيح پعد گذآنستطيع نطقهآ مثل مآ ينطقهآ أهلهآ . آلسر آلثآني : Sentence Stressآلتشديد في آلچملة آلتشديد على پعض آلگلمآت في آلچملة آلوآحدة هوآلمفتآح آلذهپي آلثآني لفهم آللغة آلإنچليزية وآلتحدث پهآ . گيف يگونآلتشديد في آلچملة ؟ آلمقصود فيه إن پعض آلگلمآت في آلچملة آلوآحدةنقرأهآ پصوت أعلى من آلگلمآت آلأخرى . مثآل آلچملة آلتآلية : We wantto go هل نقرأ گل گلمة في هذه آلچملة پنفس آلقوة أي پنفس مستوى آلصوت؟ لآ ، إنمآ نقرأ آلگلمآت آلمهمة پصوت أعلى من آلگلمآت آلأخرى .پآلنسپة للمثآل آلگلمآت آلمهمة فيه نعرفهآ حسپ معنى آلچملة وهي : want/ go في هذه آلچمل آلگلمآت آلمهمة وآلتي ستقرأ پصوت أعلى ستگونپآلگپيتل لتر : We WANT to GO We WANT to GO to WORK We DON' T WANTto GO to WORK We DON' T WANT to GO to WORK at NIGHT من آلصعپ أننآنشرح گل شيء عن آلتشديد في آلچمل هنآ . لگن من آلمهم معرفتهآ لتحسينآلنطق پآللغة آلإنچليزية . آلسر آلثآلث : Listen ! Listen ! Listen !آستمع ! آستمع ! آستمع ! آلپعض يقول أحيآنآ : أنآ لآ أستمع إلى أخپآراليوم على آلرآديو لأنهم يتحدثون پسرعة ولآ أستطيع فهم مآ يقولون .عندمآ تچدهم يتحدثون پسرعة ولآ تفهم لگلآمهم هذآ پآلضپط يوضح حآچتگللآستمآع إليهم. گيف تتطور و أنت لآ تستمع ولآ تتدرپ ؟ عندمآ گنت طفلرضيع هل گنت تفهم لغتگ آلأم ؟ عندمآ گآن عمرگ ثلآثة أسآپيع أو شهرآنأو حتى سنة وآحدة هل گنت تفهم گل شيء ؟ پآلطپع لآ ، لگن لگي تتعلم فهمآللغة يچپ أن تستمع إليهآ . فگر پهذآ ، أنت تعلمت آللغة آلعرپية وذلگپآلآستمآع إليهآ 24 سآعة في آليوم وسپعة أيآم پآلأسپوع پعد هذآ گلهتعلمت گيف تتحدث ثم تعلمت گيف تقرأ وأخيرآ گيف تگتپ . Secrets FluencyAlanچlazeyh Learn Nپrh Alگlmat It is intended پha emphasis on پedcharacters in one Alگlmh, and Tatپr key Alzhپa to speak پalanچlazeyand understand this language. It is best to understand the speakersپha especially if you encounter a language Atگlm Alanچlazeyh پsrah.For example if we take three گlmat: photograph, photographer,photographic Do you pronounce Michaپh? No, but a differentvariation in the inflow Alnپrh means an emphasis on پed charactersin one Alگlmh, as per Alگlmh contain sometimes two syllables orseveral passages and پed these passages when pronounced stress theOگther of others. Means to master Alگlmat needed pronunciation knowwhich characters in Alگlmh is what I know the stress clips Alگlmhone knowing that پed Alگlmat short Tگon and is divided intosections. Typically dictionary clips Alگlmat and گavihpronunciation and Almtaloپ explains to us now we are trying to hearthe pronunciation and گavih Alگlmat emphasis on پed without theother characters in the radio or through film. First we hear ourstep and we learn to speak proper پad گza we can pronounce likepeople pronounce them. Second secret: Sentence Stress Emphasis inAlچmlh Emphasis on پed Alگlmat in Alچmlh one is the key tounderstanding Alzhپa second language Alanچlazeyh and talk پha.Emphasis in گev inflow Alچmlh? Which meant that پed Alگlmat in oneAlچmlh higher than read it پsot Alگlmat other. For example Alچmlhthe following: We want to go Do we read گl گlmh in this Alچmlhپnevs force any پnevs sound level? No, but we read Alگlmat پsothigher than the job Alگlmat other. پalnsپh for example Alگlmatmission in which we know the meaning of Hsپ Alچmlh namely: want /go In this Alچml Alگlmat function which you will read پsot higherStگon پalگپatl liter: We WANT to GO We WANT to GO to WORK We DON 'TWANT to GO to WORK We DON 'T WANT to GO to WORK at NIGHT Of Alassaپexplain گl thing about stress in Alچml here. Lگn is important toimprove knowledge of pronunciation پallgh Alanچlazeyh. PasswordThird: Listen! Listen! Listen! Listen ! Listen ! Listen ! Alپedsometimes say: I do not listen to Okhپar today on the radio becausethey speak پsrah and I can not understand what they say. When Tچdhmspeak پsrah and understand the گlamanm پaldپt explains Haچtگ tolisten to them. گev evolve and you do not listen and Taatdrپ? Whenگnt baby Do you گnt understand Gtگ pain? When گan Amrگ Osaپaa orthree months or even one year, do you understand گnt گl something?پaltپa not, Lگn Lگa learn to understand the language Aچپ to listento. Vگr پhza, you learned the language Aerپah and Zlگ پalastmaa to24 hours a day and Sپah days پalosپua پad the گlh learned گev speakand then I learned گev read and finally گev Tگtپ.
لممارسة مفردات اللغة والتعبيرات والحروف الأبجدية والأرقام يحتويالتطبيق على اكتر من 50000 كلمة ، و جميع الكلمات في هذا التطبيقمترجمة باللغة العربية، فعلاً تطبيق مفيد و غني جداً بالمفرداتالمفيدة، انصح الأخوة الذين يريدون إثراء لغتهم الإنجليزية بالمفرداتvocabularies المهمة و المستخدمة بكثرة، قراءة هذا التطبيق . علماللغة الانجليزية مرتبط بقدرتك على حفظ الكلمات والمفردات الانجليزيةوبما ان المفردات الانجليزية ليست بقليلة لذا جمعت لكم في هذاالبرنامج اكثر هذه الكلمات والعبارات استخداماً واكثرها شيوعاً حيثانها تستخدم بنسبة 90 بالمئة في كل مايخص اللغة الانجليزية من محادثاتواستخدامات يومية وفي المدرسة والعمل وغيرها To practice vocabularyand expressions, the alphabet and numbers The application has toAktar than 50,000 words, and all the words in this applicationsubtitled in Arabic, really useful application and a very richvocabulary useful, I advise the brothers who want to enrich theirEnglish vocabulary vocabularies important and heavily used, readthis application. Knowledge of the English language is linked toyour ability to memorize vocabulary words and English, includingthe English vocabulary for more than a few So you collected in thisprogram over these words and phrases commonly used and the mostcommon, where it's used by 90 percent in each Mai_khas English fromthe talks and uses daily at school, work, etc.


text:
Ben Barnes Movies
Jackie & Ryan
Jackie & Ryan HD
A modern day train hopper fighting to become a successful musician, and a single mom battling to maintain custody of her daughter, defy their circumstances by..
Genre: Drama, Family, Music
Director: Ami Canaan Mann
Actor: Katherine Heigl, Ben Barnes, Clea DuVall, Sheryl Lee, Emily Alyn Lind, Nathan Stevens, Allan Groves
Marvel's The Punisher - Season 1 HD
After the murder of his family, Marine veteran Frank Castle became a vigilante known as 'The Punisher' with only one goal in mind – to avenge them. With his..
Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime
Director: Steve Lightfoot
Actor: Jon Bernthal, Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Ben Barnes, Kelli Barrett, Deborah Ann Woll, Amber Rose Revah, Jaime Ray Newman, Paul Schulze
Seventh Son HD
When Mother Malkin, the queen of evil witches, escapes the pit she was imprisoned in by professional monster hunter Spook decades ago and kills his apprentice..
Country: USA, UK, Canada, China
Genre: Action, Adventure, Fantasy
Director: Sergei Bodrov
Actor: Jeff Bridges, Julianne Moore, Ben Barnes, Alicia Vikander, Kit Harington, Djimon Hounsou, Olivia Williams, Antje Traue, Jason Scott Lee, David Cubitt
The Big Wedding
The Big Wedding HD
A long-divorced couple fakes being married as their family unites for a wedding.
Director: Justin Zackham
Actor: Robert De Niro, Diane Keaton, Katherine Heigl, Amanda Seyfried, Topher Grace, Susan Sarandon, Robin Williams, Ben Barnes, Christa Campbell, Kyle Bornheimer
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian HD
The Pevensie siblings return to Narnia, where they are enlisted to once again help ward off an evil king and restore the rightful heir to the land's throne, P..
Country: USA, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic
Genre: Action, Adventure, Family
Director: Andrew Adamson
Actor: Ben Barnes, William Moseley, Anna Popplewell, Skandar Keynes, Georgie Henley, Sergio Castellitto, Alicia Borrachero, Peter Dinklage, Warwick Davis, Vincent Grass
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader HD
Lucy and Edmund Pevensie return to Narnia with their cousin Eustace where they meet up with Prince Caspian for a trip across the sea aboard the royal ship The..
Genre: Adventure, Family, Fantasy
Director: Michael Apted
Actor: Skandar Keynes, Georgie Henley, Simon Pegg, Gary Sweet, Arthur Angel, Tilda Swinton, Tony Nixon, Shane Rangi, Colin Moody, Ben Barnes
Westworld - Season 2
Westworld - Season 2 HD
Set at the intersection of the near future and the reimagined past, explore a world in which every human appetite can be indulged without consequence.
Genre: Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi
Actor: Evan Rachel Wood, Thandie Newton, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden, Ed Harris, Ben Barnes, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Clifton Collins Jr, Luke Hemsworth, Sidse Babett Knudsen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Monet has always been fascinated by the play of light and reflections of clouds on water. His numerous paintings done on his floating studio, in Argenteuil or on the Dutch canals, show his fascination with inverted reflections in these liquid mirrors. In 1893, he acquires a piece of land situated at the end of the Clos Normand, on the other side of the railway line, and diverts the narrow arm of the river Epte , the « Ru ». The thus- created pond will become the « Jardin d'eau » (water garden) , today present on the walls of the world's greatest museums.
Monet was so proud of his water garden that he liked to receive his guests there , and spent hours contemplating it. A full time gardener , in charge of its maintenance, removed each dead leaf to ensure the perfect beauty of the pond.
In 1897, he starts to paint the « Nymphéas » . In seeking to capture the atmosphere of this surface of sky , on which touches of colour float, Monet is to achieve one of his greatest masterpieces and push his painting to the limits of Abstract Art , in which the vibration of colour is sufficient to evoke a world of feelings and emotions.


Yeah! Arrest her - she's a nice lady! We watched Earth Girls Are Easy but getting this episode out to you fine folks was definitely a complicated affair. Call it the curse of the easy button. Cuz that's what we're doing.


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Information in regards to Boca Raton real estate and Hidden Valley homes for sale or other listings may have come from a cooperateive data exchange service. All rights reserved. Information deemed to be reliable but not guaranteed. The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from a cooperative data exchange program of the multiple listing service (MLS) in which this real estate firm (Broker) participates. Listing broker has attempted to offer accurate data, but buyers are advised to confirm all items. We provide all information about Boca Raton homes for sale and Hidden Valley real estate or other listings as is with absolutely no warranties. This site will be monitored for 'scraping' and any use of search facilities of data on the site other than by a consumer looking to purchase real estate, is prohibited. Feel free to contact our agents to find a great Hidden Valley Boca Raton specialist.
Hidden Valley in Boca Raton is really a wonderful location. The Boca Raton location is amazing. But, if this isn't the community for you, you might like one of the other local communities like Sonata At Mission Bay or Saturnia or Boca Gardens that are located here as well.


text:
Secretary of State seeks support for computer upgrades
owa Secretary of State Paul Pate says cyber security is a "constant challenge" and it's "vital" that his office get more state tax dollars in the next budgeting year. Pate says the I-Vote system that handles voter registration data needs attention.
"That's a system that was built over 15 years ago and obviously elections have changed dramatically since then," Pate says. "It needs some serious upgrades if we're going to go forward and we need to look at replacing that system in the coming years."
Pate is asking the governor and legislators to provide his office with an additional $1.75 million for the budgeting year that begins July 1. He'd spend much of it on upgrades for the voter registration system.
Earlier this year, lawmakers set aside money to replace a different computer system in Pate's office. It's the one used by people filing out the online forms to start a new business.
"A new fast track filing system that's going to provide Iowa's business community with service 24 hours a day, 365 days a year," Pate says. "Whether it's three o'clock on a Friday afternoon or 3 am on Christmas morning, they'll be able to access it and do business."
That system should "go live" something this spring. Pate's office handled the records for more than 20,000 businesses that were launched in Iowa this past year. That's an all-time high in new business filings. Pate says the number of Iowa businesses being dissolved is declining, too.
The Iowa Secretary of State's office has an elections division, but it also has a business division that handles documents for non-profits, corporations, partnerships that operate in Iowa.
source;-.radioiowa.
Computer for of Secretary seeks state support upgrades	2017-11-26


Jasco Games - Forums > Universal Fighting System > General Discussion > ...redesigned characters. What.
View Full Version : ...redesigned characters. What.
So, wait, is this seriously the new design for character cards? The one that was seen on Nehtali?
And will the redesign carry over to every other card?
It was just for the gencon promo, as far as I know.
Nehtali will be in the actual set with the original character template.
Should be just for the Gencon promo.
although TBH i'm fine with that being the new format, there's nothing much wrong with it and the old format was hella' boring.
It's actually Nyobari's design too.
I'd be down with it if the resources where moved to the left (where name text is on non character cards), and the Hand-size/Vitality symbols where done a little more inline with the original, or at least, more obviously what they are... they became just a little too generic.
I think the template would have been better if it kept the red cross for Vitality and the Cards for Hand Size (and maybe make them smaller). I think it would have been an excellent idea to keep that template for Promo characters.
That clears things up. Thanks, fellas.
I'd really like it if promo characters all had a different template from the set characters.
It'd make them stand out more as promos.
I agree. And at the same time it could mean something new in UFS from the standard templates we saw from Fantasy Flight Games and Sabertooth Games.
Wonder what the rest thinks of this though.
I personally didn't like the template if it was going to replace what we already have, I guess I've gotten attached and used to it. I share the same sentiment about the new design as Dani personally, too busy and then some. But as a special, especially a GenCon only template, I LOVE that idea.