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Category Independence Referendum
Bougainville News Alert : On the occasion of the signing of the Joint Communique by the Prime Minister of PNG and the President of the Autonomous Bougainville Government
" In furthering the Bougainville Peace process in the Post Referendum period and having met 11 January 2020, we officially reaffirm and assure the people of Papua New Guinea and Bougainville that the Governments of PNG and Bougainville is committed to the process of the joint consultations on the outcome of the referendum."
The signing of the Joint Communique today signals our intention to immediately commence the joint consultations as is required by the National Constitution under Section 342 (1) and the Bougainville Peace Agreement under Clause 311 (b) for the Government of Papua New Guinea and the Autonomous Bougainville Government to consult over the outcome or result of the Bougainville referendum.
This Joint Communique affirms that as required by the Bougainville Peace Agreement, the referendum outcome will be subject to ratification (final decision making) of the National Parliament while Section 342 (2) of the National Constitution has made the decision of the National Parliament relating to the referendum result subject to the consultation under Section 342 (1).
The Joint Communique builds on the tremendous achievements of both Governments and establishes the following facts and principles of the Bougainville Peace process;
That the Bougainville Peace Agreement provides for a political right to Bougainvilleans to a referendum, among Bougainvilleans, on the future political status of Bougainville; and
That the National Government had guaranteed that political right through Section 338 (1) of the National Constitution; and
That the constitutional guarantee for the referendum under Section 338 (1) of the National Constitution depended on the fulfillment by the Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG) of conditions relating to weapons disposal and good governance, of which the ABG satisfactorily met; and
That the choice for separate independence was guaranteed under Section 339 (c) of the National Constitution as one of a number of possible choices available to Bougainvilleans in the referendum; and
That the both Governments had agreed to the definition of independence before the conduct of the referendum to mean an independent nation with sovereign powers and laws, recognized under international law and by other international states to be an independent state, separate from the state of Papua New Guinea, with a defined territory, inclusive of maritime boundaries and associated exclusive economic zones; and a government chosen by its people; and capacity to enter into and manage international relations and United Nations membership; and
That the referendum question and the following two choices presented to Bougainvilleans in the referendum were intended to facilitate a clear result: Option 1 – Greater Autonomy, and Option 2 – Independence; and
That the referendum was conducted by an impartial Bougainville Referendum Commission (BRC), headed by Mr. Bertie Ahern of Ireland, which comprised of a fair number of representatives from the National Government and the Autonomous Bougainville Government; and
That the referendum that was held between November and December 2019 and witnessed by international observers was free and fair, and according to observer groups "credible, transparent and inclusive"; and
That a total number of 181,067 Bougainvilleans voted in the referendum, and out of that 97.7 % of them chose independence; and
That the report of the Bougainville Referendum Commission was tabled in both the National Parliament and the Bougainville House of Representatives, and was unanimously endorsed by both parliaments.
In adopting fully these established facts and principles; We hereby agree that the upcoming joint consultations will be moderated by an appointed Moderator and will be, but not limited to, addressing the key issues on the future political status of Bougainville, the method of endorsement by the National Parliament and the Documentation of record of the joint consultation.
Finally, in memory of the late Sir Mekere Morauta, for his contributions to the Bougainville Peace process as a former Prime Minister of our Nation and for his role as a signatory to the Bougainville Peace Agreement in 2001, this Joint Communique embodies both our Government's sincerity to continued peace by peaceful means.
God Bless our people.
Hon. JAMES MARAPE, MP, Prime Minister, PNG
Hon. ISHMAEL TOROAMA, President, ABG
By bougnews • Posted in Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, News, Referendum
Bougainville News Webinar Alert : The use of mobile technologies in the 2019 Bougainville referendum presents both opportunities and challenges for the future of democracy in the Pacific
" The use of mobile technologies in the 2019 Bougainville referendum presents both opportunities and challenges for the future of democracy in the Pacific, Amanda H A Watson, Jeremy Miller and Adriana Schmidt write.
In late 2019, the people of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea (PNG) voted in a non-binding referendum offering two choices: greater autonomy or independence. People voted overwhelmingly for independence (97.71 per cent) in what was widely regarded to be a successful process, with an informed and engaged citizenry.
In the pre-referendum period, there was a strong emphasis on the need for widespread voter education to enhance the credibility and legitimacy of the vote itself, and to maintain unity and peace. A number of initiatives were undertaken by the Bougainville government and other partners to overcome people's lack of access to traditional mass media (radio, television and newspapers)."
This article is based upon a paper published by the ANU Department of Pacific Affairs (DPA) as part of its 'Discussion paper' series. The original paper can be found here.
The research will also be presented in a webinar on 27 October 2020.
This article focuses on one initiative, a telephone information hotline that operated for eight weeks just before polling. It allowed people to ring a free-call number and hear pre-recorded messages about peacebuilding and the three pillars of the Bougainville Peace Agreement. Callers were able to press 1 to hear information on peacebuilding, 2 for autonomy, 3 for the referendum and 4 for weapons disposal.
Each message was less than two minutes and recordings were updated weekly. This provided about an hour's worth of audio information in total. The service was promoted through traditional media channels, but principally through an introductory, automated 'robocall' from the President of Bougainville. This was followed by subsequent weekly text messages announcing the availability of new recordings.
The service was the first of its kind in PNG and was envisaged as a short pilot to identify the usefulness of the technology for public information dissemination in Bougainville. It was implemented by the Autonomous Bougainville Government with the support of the PNG, Australian and New Zealand governments, and operated by Digicel.
Research into the efficacy of the service was undertaken during its final two weeks, just prior to polling. Eight group interviews were conducted with local community leaders, women and youths in a mix of rural and urban settings across Bougainville.
Of the 42 people who participated in the group interviews, 37 owned mobile telephones at the time of the research. Many of the handsets were basic mobile telephones – suitable for text messaging and calls only – rather than smartphones. Many handsets had flat batteries on the day of the group interview – this indicates a technological challenge of daily life in Bougainville, which has consequences for mobile telephone initiatives.
While 79,285 calls were made to the hotline over the eight-week pilot, overall, the knowledge of the telephone hotline amongst research participants was generally low. The automated 'robocall' from the President announcing the service was not in fact received by most participants, and many did not consistently receive the weekly text message reminders. This indicated that the strategy fell short of its promise, which reduced uptake of the service.
As intended, some users gathered in groups to listen to the recordings. Also, the hotline had been used in places where people had no access to radio and very limited access to other forms of media. Participants generally thought the hotline should be continued in the post-referendum period but suggested increasing awareness of the service itself.
There was much discussion about the need to improve mobile network coverage, which participants said was weak and inconsistent, with no coverage in some villages. There were also requests for improvements to other communication mediums, particularly radio broadcasting. Despite these challenges, it was perceived that referendum awareness had been thorough. Most participants felt they and their fellow community members had sufficient knowledge about the referendum and were ready to vote.
The research found no striking differences in the awareness or use of the service by age or gender. Differences were noticeable, however, between the three regions of Bougainville regarding access to mobile network coverage, as well as access to other information and communication mediums. For example, in South Bougainville, participants reported substantial challenges with the quality and reach of mobile network signals and said that they had almost no access to radio stations, newspapers or television.
As Hogeveen argues, there is a trend in the Pacific region towards 'digital aid' in which international donors utilise information and communication technologies. The Bougainville hotline is one such example. Chand contends that, given limited access to radio, textbooks and other information sources, the utilisation of digital technologies could allow delivery of basic services in Bougainville. For example, as part of their emergency response to COVID-19, both the PNG and Bougainville governments are operating free-call telephone information hotlines for their citizens.
The design of the referendum hotline was in line with published guidelines for the strategic use of mobile telephones in PNG. For instance, that technology should be simple to use for people with low literacy, numeracy and technical skills. This hotline was relatively simple to use, providing a free-call number, with four options of audio messages to listen to.
Even so, some research participants did not understand how to select the four options or that the messages changed each week. Careful consideration of 'mobile telephone literacy' is needed in the design and promotion of future innovative services.
Research participants commented that the free-call design was beneficial for them. Lack of mobile telephone credit is a huge barrier for people throughout PNG, due to both affordability and logistical challenges of locating a place or method to buy credit.
So, what are the implications for the delivery of public information in Bougainville and elsewhere in the Pacific?
Effective government-to-people communications are vital for an informed and engaged citizenry and are essential for the effective operation of democracy. For Bougainville, it could be argued that the post-referendum negotiation process now taking place between the Bougainville and national governments requires an even more intensive communications and community engagement effort. If there are broader lessons to be learnt, it is that an engaged and informed population, reached through a range of mediums, can make a positive contribution to the process.
If there are to be future iterations of a telephone hotline in Bougainville or elsewhere, it must be but one tool in an multi-channel effort. The technology must be pre-tested and well promoted. Research participants also suggested leveraging the hotline for use in community-based, face-to-face activities.
Some asked if the audio files could be made available through other means, such as flash drives. Sharing of digital content by Bluetooth or local Wi-Fi hotspots does present another opportunity for those with suitable devices.
Mobile telephones, particularly when paired with other mediums, can play a role in delivering civic education and increasing community engagement throughout the Pacific. However, the design of future mobile telephone-led interventions may benefit from being realistic about the effective reach of current mobile telephone service and infrastructure.
This bigger issue of large information 'blackspots' in Bougainville, due to poor access to mobile telephony, radio or other information channels, will continue to challenge government and development communicators alike. Mobile telephone users in Bougainville struggle with accessing continuous, reliable mobile network coverage and keeping their handset batteries charged – and they want radio coverage restored to pre-conflict standards. Both in Bougainville and elsewhere in PNG, there is a large gap between ideal and actual service delivery.
This article is based upon a paper published by the ANU Department of Pacific Affairs (DPA) as part of its 'Discussion paper' series. The original paper can be found here. The research will also be presented in a webinar on 27 October 2020.
By bougnews • Posted in Business and Investment, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Media, News, Referendum	• Tagged Bougainville
Bougainville News Alert : WEBINAR – Mobile telephones on for public messaging: Did the Bougainville referendum information hotline make a difference? @AdrianaAdri09 @ahawatson @GordonPeake @Jezzamiller
Last year, the people of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville voted overwhelmingly to break away from Papua New Guinea in a non-binding referendum.
In the pre-referendum period, there was a strong focus on informing voters about the two referendum options (independence or greater autonomy) to enhance the credibility and legitimacy of the result and help maintain peace in a post-conflict setting.
This seminar will include brief presentations by the producers of a telephone information hotline that operated for eight weeks just before polling. The hotline was a national first in the application of a mobile telephone-based platform to deliver public information en masse.
It allowed Bougainvilleans to ring a free-call number and hear pre-recorded messages about the referendum and the two other pillars of the Bougainville Peace Agreement – autonomy and weapons disposal.
The hotline was one element of a multi-media package of government information initiatives supported by Australia and New Zealand.
There will also be a presentation by the audience researcher who analysed the impact of the service.
The qualitative research findings, which were recently published as a part of the Discussion Paper Series of the Department of Pacific Affairs, assess the effectiveness of the telephone hotline in delivering government information directly to citizens. Recommendations will be made about whether such a service should continue.
NOTE: For our audience in Port Moresby and Bougainville, the event will be at 3PM and 4PM respectively (local times).
Gordon Peake
Gordon Peake is a 2020-2021 Visitor with the School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet) at the Australian National University. He worked as an adviser to the Bougainville government 2016-2020.
Amanda H.A. Watson
Amanda H.A. Watson is a Research Fellow with the Department of Pacific Affairs at Australian National University.
Jeremy Miller
Jeremy Miller is a strategic media and communications adviser with over 15 years of experience in Melanesia. He has worked with the Autonomous Bougainville Government's Directorate of Media and Communication since 2014. In 2019 he was seconded to the Bougainville Referendum Commission to lead the media and voter communications campaign. Mr Miller's position is supported by the Bougainville Partnership, a development partnership between the governments of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand.
Adriana Schmidt
Adriana Schmidt is the Director of the Autonomous Bougainville Government's Directorate of Media and Communication, the agency responsible for whole of government communications. The Directorate is under the Department of President and the Bougainville Executive Council.
By bougnews • Posted in Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum
Bougainville History of Independence : Buckingham Palace letters: Queen's secretary compared Bougainville's bid for independence to Scotland
" The Australian governor general John Kerr warned the Queen that a plan for Bougainville independence was not lawful, was opposed by Australia and Rio Tinto copper interests, and would increase regional instability and force Australia to hand more financial support to Papua New Guinea. "
Originally published in the Guardian
Picture above : Almost 100% of Bougainville voters backed independence in last year's referendum but palace letters show Australia's governor general John Kerr told the Queen that such a move 'cannot be done legally
The so-called palace letters, a trove of previously secret royal correspondence, shows the Queen's private secretary Martin Charteris responded by comparing Bougainville to Scotland and its hopes that oil reserves could fund independence.
The documents released by Australia's national archives shed new light on the royal attitude to the secessionist movement in Bougainville.
Momentum for Bougainville to secede from Papua New Guinea grew as PNG itself declared independence from Australia in 1975, while retaining the Queen as its monarch.
The region is home to the vast Panguna mine, then the world's biggest open-cut copper mine, owned by Bougainville Copper Limited, which then had Conzinc Rio Tinto as major shareholder.
Tensions over the mine would spark a bloody civil war that killed an estimated 20,000 people between 1988 and 1997.
On 19 August 1975, Kerr briefed Charteris on his "thinking" on the growing secessionist movement in Bougainville and a plan to secede unilaterally from PNG in September, the same month PNG secured its independence from Australia.
"This cannot be done legally," Kerr wrote.
He said Rio Tinto was in favour of a "united Papua New Guinea", though he said that may change if it deemed its long-term interests lay elsewhere.
Australia also had good reasons for opposing the secession, he said.
"There are good reasons from Australia's point of view why a united Papua New Guinea would be desirable though achievement of this is probably not essential to Australia's national interest," he wrote.
"If Bougainville successfully secedes, Papua New Guinea would be weaker economically, and hence likely to be more pressing, so far as Australia is concerned, for economic support."
"Bougainville secession would also increase the possibility of instability in Papua New Guinea in other areas."
Kerr also lamented Australian aid cuts to PNG at the same time, saying they were "most unfortunate … on the very eve of independence".
The Queen read Kerr's advice, the letters show.
In replying to Kerr on 28 August 1975, Charteris compared Bougainville to Scotland and the way oil resources drove hope for Scottish independence.
He said the possibility of trouble was "disturbing" and that "we must hope that matters can at least be satisfactorily contained".
"I suppose copper stands to the Provisional Provincial Government of Bougainville as does oil to the Scottish Nationalist Party," he said.
"It gives them at least the belief that they could stand on their own two feet and the wish to do so, so that they can keep the wealth of their territory to themselves."
Charteris made it plain that Kerr's advice on Bougainville had reached the Queen.
"The Queen has of course seen your letter and has read it with much interest," he wrote.
The 1975 momentum for secession was dealt with by granting the region more autonomy.
The decade-long civil war led to further autonomy for the region, and last year it voted overwhelmingly to become independent from PNG in a non-binding referendum.
By bougnews • Posted in Australian Government, Bougainville Copper, Constitution, Enviroment, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Land Issues, Referendum	• Tagged Bougainville
Bougainville News 2020 : The Bougainville referendum and the fate of Melanesia: Which Way, Big Man?
"This land must become holy again, Me'ekamui. We prayed to God and he gave us strength. This directed us to engage in clean battle. We were fighting for our rights, to get rid of all these bad companies and their effects. All BRA and all Bougainvilleans practiced this holiness… Our spirits had to be holy, so God would get rid of Satan [the mining companies} …And God helped us…"
Francis Ona, BRA Member
Interviewed by Anna-Karina Hermken, Author of "Marian Movements and Secessionist Warfare in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea" (November 22nd, 2005).
By: Yamin Kogoya from West Papua living in Australia
A staggering 98% of Bougainvilleans voted for independence from Papua New Guinea in the recent referendum held between 23rd of November to 7th of December.
Despite the overwhelming desire for autonomy, Bougainvilleans require political support and good faith from the PNG national government in Port Moresby before a new sovereign state can be established.
Recognizing these challenges, the Catholic Bishop Conference (CBC) of PNG and Solomon Islands General Secretary, Fr. Giorgio Licini, asked the PNG government to "listen carefully to the cries of the Bougainville people for independence."
Former Bougainville Interim Government Leader, Martin Miriori, warned that the reluctance of the PNG national government to acknowledge the wishes of the Bougainvillean people for independence is dangerous. [2]
Bougainvilleans are still traumatized from the civil war that erupted in the late 1980's, which resulted in the closure of the giant, Australian-owned Panguna mine. The mining investors are untouched by the generational pain that mining and civil war have caused in Bougainville.
Panguna copper mine, now closed, serves not only as a stark reminder of war, but the breakdown of social structure, cultural values, and the destruction of Bougainville's ecosystem.
The giant void in the middle of the island, left behind by the Panguna copper mine, represents the tragic loss of 20,000 innocent lives – Bougainvillean mothers, fathers and children killed during the civil unrest. The scars of war and the immense loss of life will forever be carved into the hearts of families, clans and tribes. [3]
Tragically, crises such as those in Bougainville are typically reported on as "primitive tribes fighting". The conflicts in Melanesian mining villages are far more complex: these are wars against industrial machines that uproot cultures and tear apart ecosystems; fighting for the survival of languages, values and land as the threat of extinction rears its head.
The Fight for Cultural Survival
Bougainville is one of the many Indigenous communities around the world fighting to protect and preserve their ancestral knowledge, language and culture. The enemy of the people are the industrial nations with the support of local governments who don't understand the complex networks of indigenous social structures, value systems and their deep connection to their ancestral land.
Bougainvilleans have long been the target of violence – they have endured decades of exploitation and abuse from Germany and Britain in their colonization pursuits. In an attempt to control protesting against the mine operations, the PNG government used foreign-supplied mercenaries to massacre thousands of Bougainvilleans, with the support of the Australian government.
It is a matter of urgency for Bougainville and other Melanesian communities to ensure thousands of years of cultural knowledge is preserved for future generations.
The Impact of Mining and Politics in Bougainville
The civil war may be long buried by the media, but political leaders in Port Moresby, Canberra, Beijing and Washington are keeping a keen eye on Bougainville as they plan their next moves. Their claims of developing the Pacific Islands are a mere smokescreen for their true ambitions of a regional and global hegemony, as they strategies how to carve up the Pacific region pie.
We cannot forget that the leaders of the Bougainvillean Revolutionary Army (BRA) believed that they were waging a war against what they believed to be between purity and corruption.
Francis Ona, leader of BRA, told his followers that in order to purify Bougainville they must be the first ones to be purified. This meant eliminating "alien viruses" that come from the arrival of foreign nations such as France, Germany, Britain and Australia, as well as the mining companies and the PNG government. [4]
Damien Dameng – prominent leader of the Meekamui movement in the 1950's, from the Iran-Pangka Valley in Panguna District – recognized the impact of these "alien invasions" and contamination of life on the islands. His movement believed that colonial administration, mining and churches were thieves full of trickeries, and that Bougainville must be restored. [5]
Critics will claim that the war was about demands for the mining royalties, but it was in fact predominately about eliminating deadly poisons that resulted from mining on the islands.
John Momis, a prominent Bougainvillean statesman, referred to the Panguna mine as a "cancer cell" in his letter to the company's managing director. [6]
Bougainvilleans want to defend the earth while mining companies like Panguna mine are indifferent to the suffering of people and destruction their land, all in the name of progress and development. Those with their hands in the Panguna mine pocket are eagerly awaiting the future of mining on the Pacific Islands.
PNG government's attempt at national unity involved inviting mercenaries to kill the Bougainville people. National unity for who? The myth of national unity serves only the interests of elites in Port Moresby parliament house and Canberra – those who could not care less about the Melanesian communities whose lives, language, cultures and land have been under severe attack by the project of modernity.
The slaughtering of Papuans every day by Indonesians on the other side of this imaginary colonial border (PNG and West Papua) is being undertaken in the name of "national unity and integrity." There is no unity or integrity in killing your fellow beings.
Melanesia at stands at a crossroads, Which Way?
As co-founding father of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) and Vanuatu's first Prime Minister, Fr. Walter Lini once said, "Vanuatu will not be fully free until all Melanesians are free."[7]
Just because PNG and Fiji have their own parliament house, currency and armed law enforcement does not mean that they are more free or safer than those Papuans who are murdered every day in the hands of Indonesian control of West Papua. We are all facing the same existential threats under the current global world order.
The regional body such as the MSG and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) could be very powerful institutions that allow the leaders of the Pacific nations to unite and say NO to cheque book diplomacy coming from large foreign powers. The greed of the elite is causing great pain in the Pacific Islands in the name of development and those local elites (masters of modernity) whose day to day preoccupation is perhaps about what's tonight dinner menu at a Chinese restaurant tonight.
Solutions to ensure as to whether Melanesia will survive or not require a collective effort. The MSG founding fathers such as PNG former prime minister Paias Wingti, Solomon Islands former prime minister Ezekiel Alebua, and Vanuatu's first prime minister Walter Lini had visions backed by strong political desire to strive for the entire decolonization and freedom of the Melanesian people and territories under the colonial rule in the South Pacific. Are the current Melanesian leaders still holding onto this important vision?
The Pacific Region is fast becoming important for competing superpowers for geopolitical and economic strategy. Invisible capitalists, whose whole philosophy is based on Scottish Capitalist Adam Smith's book "The Wealth of Nations", are cashing their cheques amidst the slaughter of innocent Melanesian, Polynesian, Micronesian, Indigenous Australian and other ancient people across the world. This is a war between industrial civilization versus the natural world.
The Road to Freedom for Bougainville
A collective solution cannot emerge from divided and fragmented nations wrapped in conflict. The PNG government must decide if it will continue to stand with the global capitalists or with the Bougainvilleans, West Papuans and many other resilient, grassroot communities across Oceania that say NO to colonialism, nuclear testing, climate change, corruptions that lead to mismanagement, and the gambling of their resources, history and future.
It is time for the leaders of the independent nations across Melanesia to look at their decisions, and ask whether they have been manipulated into giving up their equal share of the pie; fooled into believing that they are free and equal, when in fact, they are merely begging at the table for scraps.
Bougainville is a 21st century tragedy with the potential to be extinguished under the Western capitalist system or live as a spiritual-based, nature centric civilization. It seems that any significant decision about the fate of a single nation is no longer sustainable in the long run.
If humans are to survive as a species, we cannot continue our destructive, terror-reigning path. Ecosystems are being depleted, cultures annihilated, and the money is going into the greedy hands of international pirates and global capitalists.
The root of the problem is our worldview: this civilization is based on individual, materialistic desires and selfish actions. Our fragmented worldview has created a separation theology and our separated theology has divided our sociology. This worldview has destroyed millions of lives on this planet.
Such major change will require a fundamental shift in our consciousness to realize that the value and integrity of life in the indigenous cultures of Bougainville or Palestine is just as important as those in London or Beijing.
PNG playwright and poet, Nora Vagi Brash, in her five plays, "Which Way, Big man?", reflect dramatic changes taking place in PNG and difficult decisions that Papuans must make about their history, lives and future as they struggle to juggle between the two worlds – the world of their ancestors colonised and the new modern world of coloniser. [8]
It is time to listen to the words of many great people who want to see these island nations thrive under autonomy and renewed freedom.
"Will we see ourselves in the long shadows of the dwindling light and the advanced darkness of the evening dusk, or will we see ourselves in the long and radiant rays of the rising sun? We can choose, if we will" The Melanesian Way (Bernard Narakobi). [9]
"It is time to purify and heal Bougainville" – Francis Ora
"It is time to not let the bird of paradise die in vain" – Airlie Ingram, Sorong Samarai. [10]
To me, the term Melanesia invokes the idea of an alien tree within Oceania that has not yet produced its own fruit. Visitors to the tree have attempted to graft buds from other plants in order to stimulate production, but with little success. Nevertheless, the tree is large and full of potential, and outside visitors are intrigued by its uniqueness. Even if the tree is not producing fruit on its own, visitors still want a souvenir of its exotic potential. They've taken the bark, the leaves and the branches, until the tree no longer resembles its former greatness. It is becoming a generic, wilted plant in a thriving forest.
The Bougainville and Melanesian are at a crossroads now, Prime Minister James Marape and your government in Moresby… Which Way, Big Man?
[i] Hermkens, A.-K. (2015). Marian Movements and Secessionist Warfare in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 18(4), pp.35–54.
[2] RNZ News (2019). PNG govt urged not to derail Bougainville referendum mandate. [online] RNZ. Available at: https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/405899/png-govt-urged-not-to-derail-bougainville-referendum-mandate [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[3] PMC Editor (2016). Bougainville faces mental health issues legacy from the civil war | Asia Pacific Report. [online] Asiapacificreport.nz. Available at: https://asiapacificreport.nz/2016/03/06/bougainville-faces-mental-health-issues-legacy-from-the-civil-war/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[4] Mcdonald, J. (2019). Australia, China, and Bougainville's Choices. [online] Thediplomat.com. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/australia-china-and-bougainvilles-choices/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[5] ROKA, L.F. (2014). The legacy of Damien Dameng, the father of Meekamui. [online] Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE. Available at: https://www.pngattitude.com/2014/03/the-legacy-of-damien-dameng-the-father-of-meekamui.html [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[6] King, T. (2013). Bougainville President Fails Victims of Brutal Resource Conflict. [online] Culturalsurvival.org. Available at: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/bougainville-president-fails-victims-brutal-resource- conflict [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[7] United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP). (2018). ULMWP Statement on the Republic of Vanuatu's Independence Day – United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP). [online] Available at: https://www.ulmwp.org/ulmwp-statement-on-the-republic-of-vanuatus-independence-day-july-30th-2018.
[8] That's So Jacob (2014). Flip The Script: Nora Vagi Brash, Which Way Big Man? [online] That's So Jacob. Available at: https://thatssojacob.wordpress.com/2014/03/14/flip-the-script-nora-vagi-brash-which-way-big- man/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
[9] http://www.alastairmcintosh.com/general/resources/1983-Bernard-Narokobi-Melanesian-Way.pdf
[10] Pacific Media Watch (2019). The genocide next door – West Papuan band spreading message of freedom | Asia Pacific Report. [online] Asiapacificreport.nz. Available at: https://asiapacificreport.nz/2019/11/08/the-genocide-next-door-papuan-band-spreading-message-of-freedom/ [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020]
By bougnews • Posted in Australian Government, Bougainville Copper, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum	• Tagged Bougainville
Bougainville Referendum News : Regular voting now complete with overwhelming vote expected in favour of independence but the birth of a separate nation may take many years to achieve
" Experts believe people the 250,000 to 300,000 people of Bougainville will vote overwhelming in favor of independence ahead of the other option, which is greater autonomy.
But the process of becoming a separate nation could take years to achieve."
Report from the New York Times
The Bougainville Referendum Commission today acknowledged the tireless effort of nearly 1,500 polling officials as regular polling for Bougainvilleans comes to an end across a record 829 locations in three countries.
Regular polling finished yesterday (Tuesday) at 6pm, with only the submission of postal votes to continue to Saturday 7 December, 6 pm.
They voted in highland villages and on remote atolls. Even 15 youth who live in the jungle and wear bright Upe hats as they undergo traditional training to become men had the chance to vote. ( See full story Part 2 )
All across the Pacific region of Bougainville, people have voted in a historic referendum to decide if they want to become the world's newest nation by gaining independence from Papua New Guinea.
"Today is a momentous occasion for the people of Bougainville , we have waited years to finally exercise our right to determine our own political future." Vice President of the Autonomous Bougainville Government, Hon. Raymond Masono upon casting his vote during the polling at Bel Isi Park in Buka.
Hon. Masono acknowledged the work of the BRC and thanked the ABG, GOPNG and donor partners for their support from the very first day up until now.
Regular voting ended on Tuesday while any remaining postal votes will be accepted through Saturday. The results will be announced in mid-December.
The referendum is nonbinding, and a vote for independence would then need to be negotiated by leaders from both Bougainville and Papua New Guinea. The final say would then go to lawmakers in the Papua New Guinea Parliament
Chief Referendum Officer Mauricio Claudio said there had been long queues and high enthusiasm at many of the 828 polling places.
"During polling we've witnessed a festive and joyous mood," he said. "There have been dancing troupes and whole communities getting together."
Claudio said that giving Upes a chance to vote at male-only polling stations was one of many referendum firsts. He said election officers hiked for two hours into the jungle to collect the votes.
The young Upe men can remain isolated from their communities for several years as they learn about culture, medicine, hunting and other skills. During this time, they wear the tall, woven Upe hats that hide their hair and are forbidden to be seen by women.
Election officers also traveled by overnight boat to get to some of the five offshore atolls and visited a police lockup to collect votes from prisoners.
Claudio said there was only one disruption, in the Konnou area, where a long-simmering dispute led police to advise referendum officers to close one polling station. The affected voters got a chance to cast their ballots elsewhere.
Complicating the voting process were the limited communications throughout the region and the traditional way many people live, including not owning any photo identification. Added to that, the Bougainville Referendum Commission only secured its funding in March.
But more than 40 U.N. staffers and over 100 international observers helped oversee a process that Claudio said had gone remarkably well.
The referendum is a key part of a 2001 peace agreement that ended a brutal civil war in which at least 15,000 people died in the cluster of islands to the east of the Papua New Guinea mainland.
The violence in Bougainville began in the late 1980s, triggered by conflict over an enormous opencast copper mine at Panguna. The mine was a huge export earner for Papua New Guinea, but many in Bougainville felt they got no benefit and resented the pollution and disruption to their traditional way of living.
The mine has remained shut since the conflict. Some believe it could provide a future revenue source for Bougainville should it become independent.
Experts believe people the 250,000 to 300,000 people of Bougainville will vote overwhelming in favor of independence ahead of the other option, which is greater autonomy.
Part 2 Report and pictures from Ben Bohane
They appeared in a fringe of forest at the edge of Teuapaii village; hesitant, ghostly, looking awed and slightly bewildered at the scene in front of them after their years of seclusion in the bush.
People were chanting and danced in circles beneath a Bougainville flag nearby to welcome the handful of election monitors, and Upe initiates, as the village prepared to vote.
Blown conch shells and bamboo wind pipes reverberated in the air.
Boys as young as 10 and young men of voting age, all wearing the woven Upe hats of initiation that adorn the centre of Bougainville's flag, made a fleeting appearance to cast their ballot.
In the many years I've covered Bougainville it was my first time to see them, and after those of age had voted they drifted silently back into the bush to complete their schooling in tribal law, medicine, building, fighting and love magic, amongst other life skills.
The Upe tradition used to be common across northern and central Bougainville, as well as Buka, but missionary influence stopped much of it over the past 100 years.
Yet in remains in pockets among the Wakunai peoples and some isolated villages we visited inland from the west coast.
They were proud to be continuing this tabu kastom that turns boys into men, and whose hats covering their uncut hair twisted in long dredlocks remains today the symbol of Bougainville.
By bougnews • Posted in Independence Referendum, Referendum
Bougainville Referendum 23 Nov News : Sixty Minutes visits Bougainville to ask why is China on the move in the South Pacific? This Sunday Nov 17 a special #60Mins
" The United States and its Pacific allies have plugged a funding gap that endangered next month's independence referendum in the Papua New Guinea (PNG) region of Bougainville, a strategic move that also sidelined China, two sources told Reuters.
Western nations are looking to rein in China's influence in the increasingly contested Pacific, where it has recently drawn away two of Taiwan's allies, Kiribati and the Solomon Islands, triggering a strong rebuke from the United States.
The vote in PNG's autonomous region of Bougainville, formerly the site of a bloody civil conflict, will run from Nov. 23 to Dec. 7, and could trigger separation negotiations to create a new nation in the strategic waters of the Pacific."
Continued Part 1 Below
Background to the 60 Minutes Story to be broadcast Sunday 17 November
Why is China on the move in the South Pacific? This Sunday, a special #60Mins investigation revealing the communist superpower's soft invasion of Australia's island neighbours. pic.twitter.com/mlOchQpiJ1
— 60 Minutes Australia (@60Mins) November 14, 2019
The Bougainville visit by the 6 man 60 minutes team was managed by Zhon Bosco Miriona , Steven Tamiung and Colin Cowell from Bougainville Experience Tours Arawa see Part 3 below
General Sam Kauona and Josephine Kauona.
Main agenda was a link with China in the Pacific and Bougainville
Picture below Steven Tamiung with the 60 Minutes Crew
Part 1 U.S. edges China out of race to fund Bougainville independence vote
Sources with direct knowledge of the arrangements in Bougainville told Reuters that China was not blocked from helping fund the referendum, but neither was it invited to contribute when the shortfall emerged.
"It's just that the invitation never arrived, or, rather, was never sent," one source said.
The second source said the West wanted to limit China's engagement with what could soon be the world's newest nation, strategically located in waters separating Asia and the Americas.
China's Foreign Ministry declined to comment on whether it was involved in discussions to assist in the referendum.
"China has always adhered to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, and respects the independent choices of people in all countries," it said in a statement.
The funding shortfall emerged early this year amid preparations, overseen by former Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern, to register the votes of 300,000 people, most of them spread over the main island of Bougainville, nearby Buka and other outlying islands.
The United States, along with Australia, New Zealand and Japan, helped plug the funding gap of 7.1 million kina ($2 million), according to a breakdown of funding arrangements provided to Reuters by the Bougainville Referendum Commission.
An independence referendum will be held in Bougainville between 23 November and 7 December 2019, with results declared around 20 December.[1] The vote is the result of an agreement between the Government of Papua New Guinea and the Autonomous Bougainville Government. The vote is not binding and the Government of Papua New Guinea has the final say on what becomes of Bougainville in the event of voters choosing independence.[2]
According to the Bougainville Peace Agreement, a referendum which includes the option of independence must be held at the latest by June 2020.[3] The vote was originally scheduled for 15 June 2019,[4] before being delayed to 17 October due to a row over funding.[5] The referendum was delayed again to 23 November at the request of the Bougainville Referendum Commission to ensure the credibility of the referendum roll so more people can vote, most of the promised funding not having been sent by the national government. Both governments said this delay would be the last.[6] Australian Strategic Policy Institute analyst Karl Claxton said there is a wide expectation Bougainville will vote to become independent.[7] In October 2018, former Taoiseach of Ireland Bertie Ahern was appointed to chair the Bougainville Referendum Commission, which is responsible for preparing the referendum.[8]
In November the BRC completed the official 'certified voter list' to be used in polling for the Bougainville Referendum. The number of voters is 206,731.
Voting District
Blank [a]
Resident Bougainvilleans 98,565 95,371 80 194,016
Non-Resident Bougainvilleans [b] 6,846 5,844 25 12,715
Total 105,411 101,215 105 206,731
The question to be put to voters is:
Do you agree for Bougainville to have: (1) Greater Autonomy (2) Independence?[9]
Greater autonomy
Valid votes
Informal votes
Registered voters/Turnout 206,731[10]
^ The gender of the voter could not be determined
^ Outside the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, in PNG provinces, and Solomon Islands and Australia
^ "Bougainville set to hold long-awaited independence referendum". France 24. 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
^ "Bougainville referendum not binding – PM". Radio New Zealand. 2019-03-11. Retrieved 2019-03-18.
^ "Move to postpone Bougainville Referendum". Papua New Guinea Post Courier. 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2019-02-09.
^ "Bougainville and Papua New Guinea set target date for independence referendum". ABC News. 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
^ "Independence vote delayed for Papua New Guinea's Bougainville". France 24. 2019-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
^ Gorethy, Kenneth (2019-08-05). "B'ville referendum dates changed". Post Courier. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
^ "PNG leader apologises to Bougainville for bloody 1990s civil war". Australian Associated Press. 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-09.
^ "Bougainville 'very happy' to have Bertie Ahern involved". Radio New Zealand. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
^ "Question agreed for Bougainville's independence referendum". Radio New Zealand. 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
^ "Referendum Roll Completed". Bougainville Referendum Commission. 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
Part 3 The Bougainville visit by the 6 man 60 minutes team was managed by Zhon Bosco Miriona , Steven Tamiung and Colin Cowell from Bougainville Experience Tours Arawa
By bougnews • Posted in Bougainville Tourism, Business and Investment, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum
Bougainville Referendum News : As we celebrate Independence Day today for 2019, Simon Pentanu MHR GCL reflects on the upcoming referendum and the future political path of the Autonomous Region of #Bougainville.
" As we celebrate Independence Day for 2019, I want to reflect on the upcoming referendum and the future political path of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville.
As a Bougainvillean and a Papua New Guinean, I am less concerned about Greater Autonomy, Independence (or the 'Third Choice' whatever it might be). The simple fact is that two options are already guaranteed, and it is now for the people to make their choice.
My real concern is more about our insouciance and disregard for good governance that we must sternly guard against, whatever the political outcome of referendum will be. For, good governance is one of the major considerations that must be ticked off or crossed when it comes to ratification of the vote.
Here I say, take heed the soothsayers say, or forever hold your breath."
Hon. Simon Pentanu MHR GCL : Speaker
Bougainville House of Representatives
Picture Above : Prime Minister, JAMES MARAPE and ABG President, DR. JOHN MOMIS signed the joint resolution September 12 at the Presidential villa Buka in front of journalists and the Ministers and members from both the ABG and the National Government. See Part 2 for full details or Download Document Here
12092019_JSB_Resolution
Whatever the choice is, and we know that Independence is the greater expectation of most Bougainvilleans, we have to make it work. This is the essence of my message today. Let us not tire of talking about good governance, honest and transparent leadership, common sense, and not being above or beyond reproach. Let us not forget the foundation stones and the building blocks of good government, regardless of what form that Government takes.
Adherence to good governance must be the message delivered in unison by the people to their representatives in the House of Representatives and to Leaders in Government. All Leaders, whether at the national, provincial or community government level, must be held to account.
Without regard for good governance the writing is on the wall. We know this from the countless examples of developing countries that have been turned into pariah states by their own Leaders in power.
Let us avoid the pitfalls of bad governance by making a conscious and conscientious choice for good governance without making compromises, taking short cuts or looking for quick fixes at the leadership level.
Nothing is more certain than the dire consequences that befall a people whose leaders turn a blind eye, a deaf ear and who play mute to the evils of corruption.
Conversely, nothing is more certain than the successes and gross national happiness and contentment that follows when elected leaders live up to the oaths and loyalties they swear by and the responsibilities they promise to live up to in office, leading the people from the front.
We can grab and take the opportunities to heart or we can squat and squander them. It is my sincere hope this Independence Day, that our leaders take the former rather than the latter path.
Hon. Simon Pentanu MHR GCL
Part 2 Editors note
Congratulations to Simon Pentanu, who has been named on the 2019 Independence Day Anniversary Honours List. Simon Pentanu
Mr. Pentanu will be awarded the Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu (GCL) Conerred with the title of "Chief" for distinguished public service in the senior roles of Clerk of the National Parliament, Chief Ombudsman, and currently as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville.
Prime Minister, JAMES MARAPE and ABG President, DR. JOHN MOMIS signed the joint resolution in the afternoon at the Presidential villa in front of journalists and the Ministers and members from both the ABG and the National Government.
The first Agenda was concerning the request by the BRC to extend the Referendum date by six weeks from October 12th Polling to November 23rd Polling.
The BRC had sought for additional time for the referendum roll to be updated so that the outcome is credible and has integrity.
Agenda two was on weapons disposal, after the joint Weapons disposal secretariat briefed the JSB on the progress of the Me'ekamui Weapons disposal program, the JSB resolved and noted that the weapons disposal work must continue, and also touched on the National Reconciliation ceremony that must be held between the National Government and the ABG and also between the veterans.
Agenda three was on the Post Referendum Transition of which many discussions have been made and also looking at the legal issues going forward.
The JSB noted the progress made so far and resolved for the establishment of a Joint Ministerial Task Force on Post Referendum.
Approved for the Post Referendum Task Force to identify facilitators/moderators to assist in the Post referendum negotiation period.
And there must be one national moderator and one external moderator.
The fourth Agenda looked at the Restoration and Development Grants in which both governments have been at loggerheads over the calculations for the RDG.
The JSB resolved to accept the calculations made by an independent expert engaged by the UNDP and that officers work on these calculations and settle those outstanding through the RDG and SIF programs.
The JSB also resolved to approve a new arrangement for the National Government to provide 100 Million annually to the ABG for the next ten years starting next year.
By bougnews • Posted in Constitution, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum, Speaker of the House Simon Pentanu	• Tagged Aloysius Laukai, Anthony Regan ANU, President John Momis, referendum, simon Pentanu
Bougainville Referendum News : Chair of #BRC Bernie Ahern travels from the #UnitedNations in New York to Arawa , Buin and Buka for Bougainville Referendum Commission (BRC) roadshow this week
5 major news alerts this week ( July 1- 7) on the Bougainville Referendum
Follow Bougainville News on Twitter
1 : Ahern urges focus on post-referendum peace in Bougainville ( From Irish Times )
2. Dates for this weeks BRC Bougainville Roadshow announced
3. Bougainville Referendum Commission Website
4. With a projected vote on independence from Papua New Guinea just three months away, suddenly Bougainville is the centre of a lot of activity.
5 : THE Pacific island of Bougainville is moving a step closer to potential independence from Papua New Guinea as preparations begin for a long-promised referendum later this year. (USA NEWS )
1 : Ahern urges focus on post-referendum peace in Bougainville
" Chair of the Bougainville Referendum Commission (BRC) Bertie Ahern last week stressed to the UN the need for focus on maintaining peace in Papua New Guinea after an independence referendum in the region later this year.
Mr Ahern met UN secretary general António Guterres in New York to discuss the progress of the peace process in the autonomous region of Bougainville."
Read full story from the Irish Times
2. Dates for this weeks BRC Bougainville Roadshow announced:
Arawa 9 July 2pm (Christmas Park),
Buin 10 July 1pm (Buin Secondary),
Buka 11 July 2pm (Bel Isi Park).
Information and progress updates from the Chair Hon Bertie Ahern and Commissioners
Referendum is one of the pillars of the Bougainville Peace Agreement (BPA).
The BPA declares that in the Constitution of the Papua New Guinea National Government and the Autonomous Bougainville Government, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARoB) is guaranteed a referendum on Bougainville's political future to be held amongst Bougainvilleans 10-15 years after the establishment of the Autonomous Bougainville Government.
ABG was established in 2005 and therefore, according to the Constitution, a referendum can be held between the years 2015 and 2020. Both governments will agree upon the official date of the referendum.
Issue of writs – August 16, 2019
Start of polling – October 12, 2019
See Bougainville Referendum Commission Website
4.With a projected vote on independence from Papua New Guinea just three months away, suddenly Bougainville is the centre of a lot of activity.
A crowd of people in Bougainville watching the handover of the agreed definitions for the two questions for the Independence Referendum. The first Greater Autonomy for Bougainville and the other full Independence from Papua New Guinea. Photo: Autonomous Bougainville Government
The vote, which is scheduled to start on 12 October, has already been moved once from 15 June.
Now there is a call for it to be delayed further, with the Bougainville Referendum Commission, which is in charge of preparing the region for the vote, saying more time is needed to ensure the integrity of the electoral roll.
A six-week extension was mentioned.
But the newly appointed PNG Minister of Bougainville Affairs, Sir Puka Temu, said the BRC needed to make a formal request if it wanted to delay the referendum.
"If the BRC thinks they need a little more time because of the credibility issue on the referendum roll then the Joint Supervisory Body (JSB) will be the body that will make the final decision. It is not the national government or the ABG, it is a JSB decision.
"If they say no then that's it. If they agree then we will inform our people and the basis will be the credibility of the common roll," he said.
That JSB meeting is set to be held in south Bougainville, in Buin.
The PNG Prime Minister, James Marape, then confirmed the National Executive Council, the cabinet, will hold its meeting there at the same time.
Sir Puka, who has significantly lifted the tempo on Bougainville since coming into the role just weeks ago, said it is vital for all of PNG's leaders to show their commitment to the referendum process.
Two upcoming reconciliations are to be held on Bougainville at the same time before the referendum.
Sir Puka said a national reconciliation and another involving former combatants were postponed last month because of the PNG government's change of leadership.
"Our commitment is to never again bring the military ever again onto the island – that's our commitment."
Sir Puka said these events will include commitments to dispose of weapons.
He said he came back from a visit to Bougainville two weeks ago with an "enormous level of comfort" that the former militant groups had given their commitment to the peace process.
Sir Puka said there are now teams on the ground preparing for the events at a date that is yet to be announced but expected to be the end of the month.
He said he embraced the reconciliations because of their importance to Melanesian culture and the commitment that the final outcome will be jointly negotiated.
"So as part of that is to guarantee the security of the process and also reconcile and rebuild the relationship amongst all of us – our soldiers on this side and ex-combatants on the other side because that will then remove this cloud of suspicion."
Meanwhile, at discussions this week a British political scientist with experience in referenda said if Bougainville chooses independence from PNG it's likely to be some years before it is implemented.
Coventry University's Matt Qvortrup was in Port Moresby to speak to lawmakers about possible scenarios after the referendum.
He said if there is a clear vote for independence it's still important that there is what he calls a 'a just and fair divorce settlement' – not just one party walking away.
Professor Qvortrup said he'd seen other referenda results implemented in a matter of months, for instance in Czechoslovakia and Ukraine, which said were examples of countries that broke up quickly.
"The more successful ones have taken a little bit longer, so I think the process of independence will probably take, my estimate compared to other cases would probably be up to five years, or even more," he said.
Also, this week a survey of more than 1,000 Bougainvilleans found people still need to know more about the Bougainville Peace Agreement and the referendum.
One of the key findings of the second Bougainville Audience Study is the need for continuous awareness in the lead up to the referendum and beyond.
The ABG's communications director, Adriana Schmidt, said the report provided a clear picture of the information needs of Bougainvilleans going into the vote.
She said people want to know more about what the two options – greater autonomy and independence – mean in practical terms, and to understand what happens after the vote.
5 : THE Pacific island of Bougainville is moving a step closer to potential independence from Papua New Guinea as preparations begin for a long-promised referendum later this year.
Whether it can survive as a stand-alone nation is a key question for its 250,000 inhabitants, and for other separatist movements in the Pacific.
The future course of the island could ripple across the region, as the question of Bougainville's independence will touch on a complicated mixture of business concerns, environmental worries and geopolitical interests stretching from Australia and New Zealand to China, Japan and the United States.
It's an outsized international role for Bougainville, which lies 900 kilometers (560 miles) east of the Papua New Guinea mainland. The roots of the referendum stem from a bitter inter-clan and separatist conflict that ran from 1988 to 1997, fighting that claimed between 10,000 and 20,000 lives through a combination of violence, disease, poverty and dislocation.
A truce brokered and maintained by regional neighbors that included Australia, New Zealand and Fiji helped restore order, and a comprehensive peace agreement was signed between Papua New Guinea and Bougainville in 2001. The island has had its own autonomous government since 2005.
Bougainville's people are expected to vote decisively for independence in the Oct. 17 referendum, according to Jonathan Pryke, Pacific Islands program director at the Lowy Institute, a Sydney-based policy think tank. The vote is not binding and any move toward independence will require agreement from the central government of Papua New Guinea, commonly referred to as PNG.
Most people hope the two sides can find a "Melanesian solution" that will deliver a workable form of autonomy for Bougainville, says Pryke, using the term that describes the region of the South Pacific that includes PNG, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and other island nations and territories.
James Marape, who took over as Papua New Guinea's prime minister in late May, said on June 14 he would prefer Bougainville to remain part of a unified nation, but would listen to the people's voice and then consult over future options.
Peter Jennings, executive director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute in Sydney, says the desire for independence in Bougainville remains strong, but from a regional perspective it will be best if the Bougainville people decided to stay in Papua New Guinea. "We don't need another microstate emerging in the Pacific."
Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne, who visited Bougainville on June 19 with PNG's new minister for Bougainville Affairs, Sir Puka Temu, said Australia will work to ensure the integrity of the referendum and will not pass judgment on the result. Australia is by far the biggest aid donor in the Pacific region, giving $6.5 billion between 2011 and 2017, according to research last year by the Lowy Institute. Most of Australia's aid goes to Papua New Guinea.
Scars Remain From a Civil War
The Bougainville conflict, in which rival clans on the island fought among themselves and with the Papua New Guinea Defence Force, evolved from multiple issues, including land rights, customary ownership, "outsider" interference and migration, mineral resource exploitation, and perceived inequities and environmental damage associated with the rich Panguna copper mine.
Under the terms of the 2001 peace agreement, a vote on independence within 20 years was promised.
A reconciliation ceremony will be held on July 2 between the central PNG government, the national defence force, the Autonomous Bougainville Government and the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.
Deep scars remain from the conflict, both physical and emotional. Much of the island's public infrastructure remains in poor shape, educational opportunities are limited, and corruption is pervasive. Clan rivalry and suspicion persists, particularly in regard to land rights and resource development.
Since Panguna closed in May 1989, Bougainville's people have led a life built around agriculture and fishing. The cocoa and copra industries ravaged by the war have been re-established, there is small-scale gold mining, and potential for hydroelectric power and a revived forestry industry. For now, a lack of accommodation inhibits tourism.
Copper Mine Underscores Doubts over Bougainville's Economic Viability
Almost 40 years ago, Bougainville's Panguna mine was the biggest contributor to Papua New Guinea's export income and the largest open-cut in the world. But the mine, operated by BCL, a subsidiary of Conzinc Riotinto Australia (now Rio Tinto Ltd.), became a focal point for conflict over pollution, migrant workers, resource ownership and revenue sharing, and has been dormant since 1989.
Apart from any foreign aid it may receive, Bougainville's future prosperity may well depend on whether it can restart the mine, which contains copper and gold worth an estimated $50 billion. But customary ownership claims – land used for generations by local communities without the need for legal title – remain unresolved and at least three mining groups are in contention, which means an early restart is unlikely. Jennings cautions against investing too much hope in Panguna, with remediation costs after 30 years of disuse likely to be high.
Likewise, Luke Fletcher, executive director of the Sydney-based Jubilee Australia Research Centre, which studies the social and environmental impacts of resources projects on Pacific communities, says reopening Panguna would be a long, expensive and difficult proposition. He says the challenge for any mine operator would be developing a project that is environmentally safe, yet still deliver an acceptable return to shareholders and to the government.
Bougainville's leader, President John Momis, believes that large-scale mining offers the best chance for income generation and is keen both to revive Panguna and encourage other projects. That would require outside investment, which was a factor contributing to the outbreak of violence in the late 1980s. The local community perceived that it was not getting its fair share of Panguna's wealth.
Rio Tinto gave up its share in BCL in 2016, and ownership now rests with the government of PNG and the Bougainville government, each with 36.4%. Independent shareholders own the remaining 27.2%.
At least two other groups are vying to operate Panguna. Sir Mel Togolo, the BCL chairman, told the company's annual general meeting on May 2 that continued uncertainty about Panguna's tenure remains a big challenge. "We will need to work cooperatively with all stakeholders to achieve our objective of bringing the Panguna mine back into production," he said.
Regional, International Eyes on October Referendum
With doubts persisting about Bougainville's economic viability if it cuts ties with the central government, the referendum outcome will be closely watched by other PNG provinces pushing for greater autonomy, such as East New Britain, New Ireland and Enga.
Across the region, some parts of neighboring Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands are agitating for their own separate identities. In the nearby French overseas territory of New Caledonia, voters rejected independence from France by a 56 percent to 44 percent margin in November 2018. European settlers were heavily in favor of staying part of France, while indigenous Kanak people overwhelmingly voted for independence.
At the international level, Australia will be keen to ensure that whatever the outcome of the Bougainville referendum, stability is maintained in Papua New Guinea, if only to counter China's growing interest in offering aid and economic benefits as it builds a Pacific presence.
Along with Japan, New Zealand and the U.S., Australia has committed to a 10-year $1.7 billion electrification project in Papua New Guinea. Australia and the U.S. have agreed to help Papua New Guinea redevelop its Manus Island naval base, which sits 350 kilometers north of the mainland and commands key trade routes into the Pacific.
Jennings says Australia would be likely to give aid to an independent Bougainville to try to keep China at bay. "China is everywhere. Its destructive connections co-opt leaderships in a way that doesn't work out well for people."
From a strategic perspective, Jennings says it would be best if Melanesia looked to Australia as its main partner on matters of security.
While China gives most of its aid to PNG and Fiji, the region's two biggest economies, Jubilee's Fletcher says China giving aid to an independent Bougainville was "feasible."
Geoff Hiscock is a Sydney-based journalist with a focus on international business
By bougnews • Posted in Australian Government, Bougainville Copper, Business and Investment, Constitution, Enviroment, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum	• Tagged Bougainville, Bougainville Copper, Bougainville Mining Act., referendum
Bougainville News Alerts this week : Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne visits Bougainville ahead of independence referendum and amid fears #Bougainville independence will open Pacific door for China
"I don't think the exercise of a democratic process in one of our nearest neighbours would be described as a huge problem for Australia.
The referendum is part of a peace agreement that has been under way for some time.
The important things that Australia is focused on is not forming a view one way or the other on the outcome of a referendum in another country, but importantly supporting that wherever we can to ensure a credible, and a peaceful and an inclusive process."
Australia will work to ensure the integrity of the Bougainville referendum later this year, and won't cast judgment on the result, Foreign Minister Marise Payne says.
Hear ABC Radio Coverage
Australian Foreign Affairs Minister Marise Payne this week visited Bougainville for a few hours amid fears an upcoming independence vote there could undermine regional stability and provide an opening for China to establish a strategic foothold in what could become the Pacific's newest nation state.
Report from The Australian
The visit was the first by an Australian minister since a bungled 2015 attempt to open an Australian consulate led the PNG government to slap a ban on Australian officials travelling to the autonomous region.
Papua New Guinea, which fought a decade-long civil war with Bougainville rebels ending in the late 90s, is trying to convince
PNG Minister for Bougainville Affairs, Sir Puka Temu, said Bougainville's people needed to understand what "cutting the umbilical cord from Papua New Guinea" would mean.
"The revenue for Bougainville is only 20 million kina ($8.6m) per year," Sir Puka said.
"They will need, according to international studies, at least 900 million kina ($390m) a year to rebuild Bougainville as an independent state." He said independence would also mean "Papua New Guinea will not be able to be politically responsible for an independent Bougainville state".
Bougainville's people will vote on October 17 to either become an independent state or to have greater autonomy within PNG.
There is a widespread expectation that Bougainvilleans will vote in favour of independence in a result that would then have to be ratified by the PNG parliament, where it could face opposition from MPs who fear other provinces could follow.
PNG Prime Minister James Marape has said PNG was "stronger with Bougainville than without" but it would listen to the people of Bougainville "and then consult on options for the future".
Lowy Institute Pacific program director Jonathan Pryke said the referendum outcome would have strategic implications "thanks to the active presence of China throughout PNG and the broader Pacific". "Given the new strategic landscape, and not to mention the huge reserves left in Panguna (copper) mine, I would expect an independent Bougainville would have a number of potential international suitors to help them with their financial challenges," Mr Pryke said.
Nana Buba from New Dawn Reports on visit to Bougainville
The visiting Australian Foreign Minister, Marise Payne this week met with the Bougainville women Peace builders at the Nazareth Rehabilitation centre, Chabai on the northern tip of mainland Bougainville.
She was very keen to know the work of these peace builders who work in their communities working tirelessly to end violence against women and children and also carry awareness on the upcoming referendum.
Presenters assisted Sister Loraine in presenting what the women peace builders have been doing silently to make the place free from violence and human right abuses in the communities.
The woman who made several comments is the former ABG member representing the women of South Bougainville, Rose Pihei who stressed the need to address traumatized people and also address mental health issues in our communities.
Mrs Pihie said that if these post conflict problems are not addressed Bougainville will be facing a big problem with these people in the future.
She said that the work Sr Loraine is doing must be supported by donor partners. The women had representatives that came all the way from North,Central and South Bougainville for this meeting.
The team was fully informed on the work of these women peace builders at this meeting.
The Bougainville Affairs Minister, DR. Puka Temu this week acknowledged the important tripartite relationship that the three countries, Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea have developed over the years.
Minister Temu made these remarks during lunch at the Reasons Guest house in Buka town . He said that this significant relationship between our three countries have grown over the years and continue strengthen our friendship.
Dr Temu also acknowledged the members of the Regional Peace Mission contributing countries like Solomon Islands Vanuatu and FIJI for their continued support for peace throughout the Pacific. He said as the Minister for Bougainville Affairs Minister it was only proper to thank these countries for their continued support especially assisting PNG on the Bougainville issue.
Dr Temu said that PNG will continue to work with Australia and New Zealand to complete the Bougainville Peace Agreement with the conduct of the referendum in October and also manage the transitional period after the vote is taken.
The Minister for Bougainville Affairs, SIR PUKA TEMU has told the visiting Australian and New Zealand delegation that since the change of the government two weeks ago, Prime Minister, JAMES MARAPE has announced that the PNG Government is 100 percent behind the implementation of the Bougainville Peace Agreement.
By bougnews • Posted in Australian Government, Government of Bougainville, Government of Papua New Guinea, Independence Referendum, Referendum	• Tagged Aloysius Laukai, Anthony Regan ANU, Australian Government, Bougainville, Bougainville Women, Marise Payne


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Noel William Hall (ur. 25 listopada 1913 w Hawthorn, zm. 18 kwietnia 2010) – australijski strzelec i żołnierz, olimpijczyk.

Biografia
Jego ojcem był William Broad Hall, urzędnik w Hawthorn. Noel w młodości był harcerzem, zaś później sierżantem w milicji. W 1939 roku, jako najlepszy strzelec w siłach milicyjnych, wygrał Medal Króla w strzelaniu z karabinu podczas Williamstown Rifle matches. Jako podporucznik 39 Batalionu armii australijskiej walczył w 1942 roku na Szlaku Kokoda w Papui-Nowej Gwinei. Rok później zachorował na malarię. Po wyzdrowieniu wrócił do służby i pełnił ją aż do demobilizacji w 1946 roku. Ponad 50 lat pracował jako urzędnik w Hawthorn, dochodząc do funkcji inspektora zdrowia.

Wystąpił na igrzyskach olimpijskich w Melbourne (1956), gdzie pojawił się w jednej konkurencji. Zajął ostatnie 11. miejsce w rundzie pojedynczej i podwójnej do sylwetki jelenia. Zakwalifikował się także na Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1964 do strzelania z karabinu dowolnego, jednak nie wystąpił na nich z powodu niewystarczającej liczby miejsc w reprezentacji Australii, które przewidziano na te zawody.

W 1997 roku został Medalistą Orderu Australii. Otrzymał to odznaczenie za służbę dla weteranów wojennych i społeczności jako przewodniczący 39th Battalion Association i Hawthorn Small Bore Rifle Club (pierwszej z tych organizacji przewodniczył 40 lat), jako założyciel Victoria International Rifle Club, oraz za członkostwo w komitecie wykonawczym The Antique and Historic Arms Collectors Guild of Victoria.

Zmarł w 2010 roku w wieku niespełna 97 lat. W chwili śmierci był najstarszym żyjącym australijskim olimpijczykiem. Był żonaty, w 1942 roku poślubił Ericę Davidson Coe.

Wyniki olimpijskie

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Australijscy strzelcy
Australijscy olimpijczycy
Uczestnicy II wojny światowej
Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1956
Odznaczeni Orderem Australii
Urodzeni w 1913
Zmarli w 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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These women are the giants on whose shoulders we stand on today
The women presented in this dossier are living proof of the difference, the big improvements we can make if we strengthen female and diverse voices in peace and security. – The use of Resolution 1325 in the EU. An overview by Dr. Hannah Neumann.
By Hannah Neumann
Teaser Image Caption
On 2007 International Women's Day, participants march towards the Liberian Supreme Court in Monrovia, where they staged a peaceful sit-in protest against gender-based violence.
This piece is part of our dossier "No Women - No Peace: 20th Anniversary of UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security".
Twenty years ago, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. It was a landmark resolution, and its aims have been translated into numerous strategies and action plans. Courageous women have changed the way we deal with conflict and crisis on the local, national and international levels. Many were ridiculed in the beginning, but the idea of a Feminist Foreign Policy, which gives equal representation to women and fights discriminatory patterns in foreign and security policy, is growing.
In 2014, Sweden was the first country worldwide to introduce a Feminist Foreign Policy. Six years later, the number of countries has grown, with Canada, France, Mexico and Luxembourg announcing or introducing similar policies. Feminism in foreign policy does not seem to be such a 'foreign' concept anymore.
The women featured in this dossier are a testimony to everything which has been achieved. As a woman politician in foreign and security policy, and someone who is passionate about promoting women's role in peace and conflict resolution, I am amazed by the impressive track records of the women presented in this compilation. They are the giants on whose shoulders I and so many others stand on today.
Political decisions are better the more diverse the people are who make them
But unfortunately, we are still far from having attained the goal laid down in Resolution 1325: women's equal and full participation in peace and security. I can witness this almost daily: whenever I go to meetings, conferences or seminars dealing with foreign policy and security questions, I know that most certainly I will be one of the few women in the room.
What is the reason for this? It cannot be due to a lack of good arguments. Political decisions are better the more diverse the people are who make them. This is especially true in conflict and crisis regions. We do know how effective women's participation in the sector is: when it comes to peace processes, having women at the table makes these processes 64% less likely to fail, and the resulting peace treaties 35% more likely to last at least 15 years.
So, the reason can only be a lack of political will. We see this in the actions (or non-action) of the states which ratified the resolution. Let's take the topic of action plans: the resolution asks all states to adopt national action plans for implementation. However, as of January 2020, only 44% of member states have written such a plan, 84 member states in total. Out of the 84 states, only 28 – one third – actually allocated budget for the implementation of those plans.
Initiative report on a Feminist Foreign Policy for the EU to be adopted in plenary
There's still a long way to go to make the ideas behind Resolution 1325 a reality. We need to move down this road much faster in the next 20 years, and what we need is a strong, renewed commitment of states to the principles laid down in the resolution. They need to step up their game, eg by
Inviting women and representatives of civil society to participate in peace processes
Strengthening national legislation on gender equality and parity
Keeping financial commitments, also at an international level, and earmarking funding for gender equality and empowerment projects
Increasing women's representation in peacekeeping, as well as armed forces, police and diplomacy
As a member of the European Parliament, I am fighting for these goals on a European level. An initiative report on a Feminist Foreign Policy for the EU, introduced by my colleague Ernest Urtasun and me, has been approved in both the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Women's Rights with large majorities across the political spectrum, and now awaits its adoption in plenary. A study commissioned by us on the topic shows that there is still a lot of room for improvement on the EU level. Right now, I am trying to make sure that the third version of the EU's Gender Action Plan, which lays down the EU's approach to gender equality through external action, will include a chapter dedicated to 'Women, Peace and Security'. I am also trying to have it become a binding document that guides EU action.
The time seems to be ripe for taking a leap. The women presented in this dossier are living proof of the difference, the big improvements we can make if we strengthen female and diverse voices in peace and security. And they are my daily inspiration to push the EU to advocate for a strong Women, Peace and Security agenda at home and on the international level. The EU's foreign policy must become feminist. And states everywhere in the world should follow the examples of Sweden, Canada, France, Mexico and Luxembourg. These states have shown the way – the women presented in this dossier are evidence enough that following this course means following a course of success.
UN-Resolution 1325
Feminist Foreign Policy
Gender Policy LGBTI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


West-coast boarders would do well to follow the lead of Claude Compton, rising star of the London food scene, who heads to Outlaw's Fish Kitchen in Port Isaac after a day's surfing off the north Cornwall coast. Housed in a charming white clapboard building, the one-Michelin-starred restaurant serves fishy fare that's a slice above the usual: cuttlefish fritters, rosemary and Cheddar-crumbed plaice and crab Scotch eggs.
Stein's Fish & Chips in Padstow always attracts long queues, partly because of the fish that's impeccably fried in beef dripping, partly because of the ferocious appetite you work up on the trudge along the delightful Camel Trail, and partly because of owner Rick, Padstow's capo di tutti capi.
For all its beach-hut cutesiness and artisanal bakeries, there's a hardscrabble quality to the Suffolk shore. The names of the local flora are instructive: frog-bit, bog pimpernel, lousewort. None sound in need of much mollycoddling, which is just as well when a stiff wind comes in off the water. Not that it impacts on the beauty of a coast where every walk is a prelude to a pint. The Adnams brewery is a major player in nearby towns and villages, where its output is added to the batter to make top-notch fish and chips. Walberswick's The Anchor and Southwold's The Lord Nelson are fine joints, but the pick is The Ship At Dunwich, a little pub with rooms that dishes up huge portions of fried fish - cod, haddock or plaice - with some of the finest chips in the land. Washed down with a glass of Adnams Southwold Bitter, this comes close to heaven.
Be it barbers or bike shops, coffee houses or chicken shacks, you can hardly shake a crabstick in London these days without hitting a reclaimed light fitting, and the capital's latest chippies are similarly on trend. At the smart-looking Kerbisher & Malt those in search of a lighter option might go for a sustainable pollock in matzo meal with a crunchy fennel and dill salad. Then again, they might can the calorie-counting and order the fish bites with a portion of double-fried chips.
And it's not only the fresh wave of chippies that are serving up fried fish to London's discerning diners. Down a side street in Covent Garden, old-school J Sheekey continues to dish up sensational portions of fried haddock to A-list thesps.
Up on the North Norfolk coast, poor old Burnham Market does well to endure all those 'Chelsea-on-Sea' jibes, but a walk down the pretty high street suggests it's a little self-inflicted, what with the village's all-round Farrow & Ballsiness. Not that you'd complain while feasting on an assiette of local seafood - Brancaster oysters, dressed Cromer crab, salmon caught and smoked by Norfolk fisherman Simon Letzer - at boutique hotel The Hoste.
It's less polished a 10-minute drive away at Wells-next-the-Sea, home to French's Fish & Chips, where they've been frying for more than 90 years. They don't do wine pairings here, so take it as read that haddock and cod go just as well with a can of Fanta. Proper fish and chips demand to be eaten with your fingers, the batter crisp to the touch, the chips slippery with vinegar. At French's the peas may be tinned and the tartare by Heinz, but the fish is gorgeous, and the chips are the proper kind - the sort that, with enough vinegar, coalesce into one at the bottom of your bag. Tucking in, fingers slicked with grease, an amusement arcade tempting me with its penny pusher, I meditate on the glory of English seaside towns in all their sea-salty loveliness.
Glasgow's love affair with the deep-fat fryer is the stuff of legend, and Isaac McHale, the man behind the Michelin-starred Clove Club in London, has fond memories of his hometown's scran: 'When I think of the fish and chips of my childhood I think of the Philadelphia on Great Western Road. The batter is crunchy, they do a decent selection of fish, and the fritters are great.' Complementing the old-school fryers is a new breed of chippies who are self-aware enough to trade on the city's culinary reputation. The elegant Café Gandolfi's Fish To Go may serve the posh stuff, like langoustine and lobster, but it keeps a wee cheeky eye on its roots with fish-finger rolls and haggis suppers.
Frankie's inherited the National Fish and Chip Award's crown from Quayside in 2015, one of the many fish-and-chip shops in Whitby on the North Yorkshire coast. The area around the quay is to mushy peas what Savile Row is to suits, and if there is a spiritual home of fish and chips, Whitby surely is it.
The glorious Gower Peninsula that juts out west of Swansea has one of the Britain's best surf spots at Llangennith. With its reliable swell and beach breaks, it's just the place to work up an appetite for fish in a local Gower beer batter, as served up at the nearby Kings Head Inn.
In terms of big names by the beach, Stein's Fish & Chips is matched only by the Hix Oyster & Fish House in Lyme Regis. Defeated fossil-hunters should retire to Mark Hix's glass-fronted, bird's nest of a restaurant for fine views of the Jurassic Coast, and the nostalgic pleasure of Webster's fish fingers with chips and mushy peas.
Not everyone needs wising up to the merits of our fryers. The National Fish & Chip Awards have been celebrating the best of British since 1988. In 2015 the first prize went to Frankie's in Brae on Shetland, the UK's most northerly chippy. It's a worthy winner with its peerless haddock and local MSC-certified shellfish (you're even told which boat it came off).
Most picturesque of all the newcomers taking to the roads is the Fishermen's Pier van in the absurdly pretty town of Tobermory on the Isle of Mull - even Prince Charles has sampled its scallops.
This feature was first published in Condé Nast Traveller August 2015.


Showing places for "Cheap & Good Bugis"
Amazing Seabass Donburi Seared Seabass Donburi 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻 $16.90++ - Decided to go for fish today out of the blue and it was exceptionally good, every grain of rice was evenly coated and look at the size of that seabass. The meat was flaky and succulent. Definitely a donburi to remember.
Salted Caramel French Toast Dim lighting, bar-ish cafe (they actually do have a bar upstairs). Unsure whether it is temporary, but the opening time changed to 10 am. Service was okay, although it did took some time for the f&b to arrive Salted caramel French toast (22 sgd)-quite hefty of a price for a french toast. The type where it isnt custardy on its own and gets the creaminess from everything around it. Could have been better 3.5/5 Maison ikkoku latte (7 sgd)-im fine as long as it's not acidic, this one is good.
After this collaboration with 新旺, Justin Quek teamed up with Poulet as well to introduce some new dishes to their menu. Staying with our favourite Poulet chicken with signature Chardonnay sauce, we also tried their new Angus beef steak with foie gras created by JQ. But the verdict was quite a let down. Since the last time we had Poulet few years ago, their chicken didn't taste the same. The sauce was still delicious as before but the chicken meat tasted drier. The new Angus beef steak was medium rare done right, quite good but not outstanding. Perhaps a feat these days with so many places offering good steaks with premium cuts. The ingredients on the plate were pretty good but didn't come together well for a dish that's be memorable. Old or new, hopefully it was just a one-off at this outlet; or really that this wasn't what we remember it to be anymore.
$16.90 Salted Egg Tendon Not very expensive. Generous portion of salted egg. You can TOP up $4 for a chanwamushi and a drink of your choice!
Mazesoba ($12.80) A new mazesoba is available at Ramen Champion Bugis+'s Teppan no Hoshi stall! Doesn't break the mold, but this is one solid bowl of thick noods with great chew. Chef Horikawa gives this an awesome hit of spice with his chilli paste and original sauce blend. Heavy flavours, but oh so tasty.
Charcoal-grilled Juicy Beef Burger I was contemplating on trying between their chicken satay burger & this burger. So elated that I chose the latter! The beef patty was the bomb, & the pineapple ring totally complement the entire taste! Will come again whenever I'm craving for a beef burger.
Hot Cafe Latte ($5.50) & Cold Caramel Macchiato ($6.00) Caramel Macchiato; a smooth frothed coffee which taste great and the caramel sauce added a rich sweetness to it—just the right amount of sweetness 💯 The flavours of Cafe Latte wasn't as strong as I thought it would be, felt that the flavours could have been more intense. However, I love how the Cafe Latte comes with a chocolate cookie which goes pretty well with the drink and balanced the flavour out that was missing.
Chicken & Waffle Deep fried boneless chicken thigh [$20] on a crispy waffle drizzled with a bourbon maple butter sauce. Yep, you heard that right!!
Shrimp & Grits A traditional dish in the Lowcountry. Honestly, the colourful sauce was sort of bland; however, the shrimp did an excellent job that we all enjoyed. Overall, the appetizer was indeed quite savoury. Grits: made from boiled corn meal.
Mac & Cheese Served warm, creamy classic comforting baked macaroni and melted cheese. Yummy!
Aburi Salmon Spagetti Not sure why but the dishes that day were all sour. The salmon was good though.
Loaded Chilli Cheese Fries I thought...what's so great about cheese fries...but I had to fight over with kiddo just to have that ONE MORE!!! 😂 This is really delicious with the minced beef topping, crispy on the outside yet soft inside fries! Lovely!!!


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In case you missed it, Cloud (or Tyler Taormina) is back with a brand new LP called Plays With Fire. It's a partial return to the more dejected and understated mode that graced his debut Comfort Songs, but also finds Taormina branching out into more adventurous avenues. It's also a return to the Audio Antihero label which released that fine debut back in 2013. It's safe to say that Cloud is a firm favourite of this particular website, so who better to kick off this brand new feature?
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usbfoot » Electronic » OnDaMiKe - Don't Stop The Music
OnDaMiKe - Don't Stop The Music download flac
Performer: OnDaMiKe
Title: Don't Stop The Music
Other formats: AC3 APE RA MP1 AA ADX AU
OnDaMiKe Breaks 2016
Don't Stop The Music. Klaas – Don't Wanna Grow Up (Extended Mix) March 31, 2019. Donkey Rollers – No One Can Stop Us (Showtek Kwartjes Mix) March 31, 2019. Sgt Rock, Sissorkicks – Seol Warfare (Original Mix) March 31, 2019. Far Too Loud, Alex Mind – Bring Back Boogie (Original Mix) March 31, 2019.
Download MP3 320 kbps, WAV, AIFF. Download MP3 192 kbps. Purchase at Beatport. Don't Stop The Music Ondamike Ravesta Records. Avalon Rays – Light On the Horizon (Original Mix) January 24, 2019. Smoove & Turrell – You Don't Know (Kraak & Smaak Remix) January 24, 2019. Fox Stevenson – Hello? (Original Mix) January 24, 2019. Monik, Carroch – Palkia (Original Mix) January 24, 2019. Spag Heddy – Bounce Syndrum (Somnium Sound Remix) January 24, 2019. Teknova – Rhythm Is A Dancer 2K19 (Melbourne Bounce Mix) January 24, 2019. Novak – Misuko (Extended Mix) January 24, 2019.
Don't Stop The Music. Download MP3 320 kbps, WAV, AIFF.
Don't Stop the Music is the third studio album by Swedish pop singer Robyn. It was released on 30 October 2002 in Sweden by BMG. The album peaked at in her native Sweden, and the two singles "Keep This Fire Burning" and "Don't Stop the Music" were both top 10 hits. In 2003, Don't Stop The Music was certified platinum by IFPI, and has sold over 60,000 copies in Sweden.
Don't Stop the Music. Artist : OnDaMiKe Released : 2016-12-12 Genre : Dance. You Got To Live - Single. Get Live Remix Album - EP. OnDaMiKe. Bringing Back the Funk - Single. Dirty Little Secrets - Single. Beyond 2012 - Single. Ahh Ahh Baby - Single. The Rhythm, G-code - Single.
Baby are you ready cause it's getting close Don't you feel the passion ready to explode? What goes on between us no-one has to know This is a private show, oh. Do you know what you started? I just came here to party But now we're rocking on the dance floor, actin' naughty Your hands around my waist Just let the music play We're hand in hand, chest to chest and now we're face to face.
Please don't stop the music (4x). Your hands around my waist. Just let the music play. And now we're face to face. I wanna take you away. Lets escape into the music. I just can't refuse it. Like the way you do this. Keep on rockin to it. Please don't stop the. Please don't stop the music. Baby are you ready cause its getting close.
1 Don't Stop The Music 5:03
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Style: Breaks, Electro
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Q: Is 0MQ a protocol, a layer, or both? Can I use it in conjunction with STOMP? I've tied myself in knots, being new to both STOMP and 0MQ, but in a nutshell, I want to facilitate client to client communication in the browser with interaction from a PHP MOM or a number of PHP MOMs. I'm considering using WebSocket to provide persistent duplex connections (when available) between html5 browser clients and the MOM endpoints, and then use those endpoints to facilitate communication between any number of browser clients, which may be related by 1-1, 1-many, many-1 relationships.
The MOM endpoints may communicate with other servers, or amongst themselves, for different purposes, and I believe that 0MQ may be a viable way to exchange information quickly between these servers. As a protocol for messaging between clients, STOMP looks good (though I'm aware of some problems with the protocols definition)....
.... so here's my point of confusion. To use STOMP, the MOM would have to be a STOMP broker, and if its a STOMP broker, then as 0MQ is a 'brokerless' messaging layer, wouldn't I be defeating the purpose of using both?
To clarify, I'm considering 0MQ for MOM - MOM communication, and STOMP for client - client communication.
Unless of course, there is a way in which I could repurpose 0MQ to facilitate client to client communications? I guess my real confusion is with 0MQ- is it a light weight messaging layer, and not a protocol, or both? If its a layer only, couldn't I use 0MQ to transport STOMP messages?
If anyone could shine some light on 0MQ for me, I'd be very grateful- thanks!

A: 0MQ provides a server-less socket-like API, over which you can overlay your own protocols. 0MQ transports plain uninterpreted binary data (though some of the language bindings add support for specific serialisations like python pickling or JSON).
Unlike normal sockets, 0MQ sockets can be many-to-one, one-to-many.
0MQ also has the notion of messaging patterns - for example, you can define REQ/REP sockets, which enforce the constraint that each request must be followed by a response - you are not permitted to send two requests in a row. There are various other patterns to suit different situations.
See the 0MQ Guide and API
So to answer some of your question - 0MQ is basically a messaging layer, and in principle you should be able to send STOMP over 0MQ sockets just as for normal network sockets. However, I'm not sure that a web client can use 0MQ directly - it needs language bindings and the ZMQ native libraries need to be available. I think this rules it out for web client usage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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EPA-4394 The Trouble with Girls
Release: RCA Victor EPA-4394 The Trouble with Girls (EP)
Fake alert! This sleeve has been confirmed to be fake. Hopefully details will be provided soon. Purchase at your own risk.
Side 1: Clean Up Your Own Back Yard / Swing Down Sweet Chariot
Side 2: Signs of the Zodiac / Almost
Disc: Does not exist.
This prototype EP was part of a series of EPs designed for Elvis' first '69 Vegas appearance to be made available only for the people who attended the first night's show. The design was heavily influenced by the releases of many of the European countries, such as England, Germany and France, where their EPs were produced on glossy, laminated covers. While no record exists, there were two prototype sleeves created. Originally, these images were provided for use on this site with the condition that there be additional watermarks and slightly modified, not to the point to detract from their original intention, however to protect the original integrity of the prototype covers.1 However, with the latest development of these sleeves being offered on eBay and sold for $1035.64. The images on this site have been corrected.2
Images and detail from the collection of anon. ↩