text:
NGS-Integrator: An efficient tool for combining multiple NGS data tracks using minimum Bayes' factors
Bronte Wen1 na1,
Hyun Jun Jung1,2 na1,
Lihe Chen1,
Fahad Saeed3 &
Mark A. Knepper ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-80911
This article has been updated
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used for genome-wide identification and quantification of DNA elements involved in the regulation of gene transcription. Studies that generate multiple high-throughput NGS datasets require data integration methods for two general tasks: 1) generation of genome-wide data tracks representing an aggregate of multiple replicates of the same experiment; and 2) combination of tracks from different experimental types that provide complementary information regarding the location of genomic features such as enhancers.
NGS-Integrator is a Java-based command line application, facilitating efficient integration of multiple genome-wide NGS datasets. NGS-Integrator first transforms all input data tracks using the complement of the minimum Bayes' factor so that all values are expressed in the range [0,1] representing the probability of a true signal given the background noise. Then, NGS-Integrator calculates the joint probability for every genomic position to create an integrated track. We provide examples using real NGS data generated in our laboratory and from the mouse ENCODE database.
Our results show that NGS-Integrator is both time- and memory-efficient. Our examples show that NGS-Integrator can integrate information to facilitate downstream analyses that identify functional regulatory domains along the genome.
Genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide information about binding of proteins to DNA, chromatin modifications, and chromatin accessibility. These factors are under intense study because they determine what genes are expressed in a given cell type and how gene expression is regulated in different physiological or pathophysiological states. In general, as with any experimental data, genome-wide NGS data has background noise, random and systematic errors that can obscure the features being investigated. Therefore, multiple replicates are needed to maximize confidence and consensus in feature identification. It is essential to replicate multiple NGS experiments for confidence in the produced data. However, approaches to utilization of multiple data tracks for feature identification has been limited largely to visualization of superimposed [1] or stacked data tracks. Peak-calling tools [2,3,4,5] are typically applied to individual replicates and not the aggregate data from multiple tracks.
In this paper, we propose an efficient method for integrating multiple tracks for data averaging of multiple replicates. Our proposed method, called NGS-Integrator, transforms genome-wide NGS data for identification of genomic regulatory elements and chromatin modifications (e.g. ChIP-Seq, ATAC-Seq, and Bisulfite-Seq) to a probability vector using the complement of the minimum Bayes' factor for each track, followed by calculation of joint probabilities for the tracks as a function of position along the genome. The integrated tracks can then be used as input to peak calling programs to identify specific features with greater specificity.
NGS-Integrator combines NGS data tracks from experiments that identify genomic regulatory elements and chromatin modifications (e.g. ChIP-Seq, ATAC-Seq, and Bisulfite-Seq), but not RNA-Seq data. A genome-wide NGS track is a vector R = [ri, i] where ri represents a measured value at nucleotide base position i along the length of DNA representing the genome. Usually, but not always, ri represents a discrete value, e.g. the number of sequencing reads that overlap the position. In general, values of ri can range from 0 to infinity. Conceptionally, the value ri gives information about the likelihood of a given feature being present, e.g. binding of a particular transcription factor (TF) from ChIP-Seq data, when considered in the context of the intrinsic background noise, ni, in the signal. To transform the data in terms of probability of a feature, we can use the complement of the minimum Bayes factor,
$$ {\mathrm{p}}_i=1-\exp \left[-\frac{{\mathrm{z}}_i^2}{2}\right], $$
where zi equals ri/ni. With two data tracks k = 1,2, a probability vector that combines information from both can be obtained by calculating the joint probability at each i (Pi) as
$$ {\mathrm{P}}_i={\Pi}_{k=1}^2{p}_k $$
Computationally, NGS-Integrator consists of two elements (Fig. 1a). The Calculator element calculates the complement of the minimum Bayes factor (cMBF) at each position i, estimating ni as the median of the ri values across a window of i values straddling the position at which pi is being calculated. This calculation assumes that the features being detected are relatively sparsely represented along the genome, allowing the median to be representative of the true background noise level. The Integrator element calculates the joint probability between the two NGS tracks Pi based on the respective pi vectors. When integrating multiple tracks, sequential dual-input calculations are performed, based on the commutativity of the joint probability operation. Also, it is obvious that the computational time complexity of the algorithms is O(kw) where k is the number of nucleotides in the genome and w is the size of the window. The memory-complexity of the algorithm is a linear function of k.
Workflow of NGS-Integrator and example of application in analysis of ChIP-Seq data. a NGS-Integrator pipeline and further applications for integration of multiple genome-wide DNA sequencing data. b Identification of genomic binding sites for transcription factor ELF1 near Eef2 gene. Three replicates of ChIP-Seq data for ELF1 (E74-like factor 1), which is an Ets family TF, were generated in mpkCCD cells. The replicate data tracks were integrated (window size for background noise calculation: 10 kb with 2× median across the window). The NGS-Integrator integrated track (red track) was generated from the three replicates and consensus ELF1 binding motifs (Homer motif database) were indicated by blue lines. ELF1 ChIP-Seq data (ENCSR033OWC) from the mouse ENCODE database with fold change of signal over control track and its optimal irreproducible discovery rate (IDR) threshold peaks (green bars, orange bars indicate summits of peaks) are displayed for comparison. Peaks identified from a conventional peak calling tool MACS2 were labeled by blue bars for peaks from each replicate and purple bar for the conserved peaks across the replicates. In addition, peaks identified using MACS2 (bdgcallpeak, cutoff > 0.5) was also shown below the NGS-Integrator integrated track (red). All data tracks were displayed on the UCSC Genome Browser with mouse genome mm10
For calculation of genome-wide minimum Bayes' factors from the read depth, NGS-Integrator requires a bed file containing coverage (number of the sequence reads at each nucleotide) generated from standard tools, such as samtools (depth) and bedtools (coverage, genomecov). The input file should contain 4 fields, chromosome number, start region, end region and coverage value. The output of NGS-Integrator as a BED file contains cMBF values at each nucleotide position across the whole genome. The output BED file can be easily modified to bedGraph or BigWig file format to be visualized on genome browsers. The output of NGS-Integrator could also be used to identify overlapping regions across multiple genome-wide NGS data types (Fig. 1a).
Datasets for integration analyses using NGS-Integrator
Three replicates of ChIP-Seq for the transcription factor ELF1 (unpublished) using an ELF1 antibody (sc-631, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) done in mouse kidney cortical collecting duct cell mpkCCD cells as described previously [6] were used to generate input BED files with genome-wide coverage (10 bp-scale bin). Coverage across the whole genome was estimated by bedtools (coverage) from BAM files. To compare with our ELF1 ChIP-Seq data, public data for ELF1 ChIP-Seq data in erythroleukemia cells (ENCSR033OW) with fold change of signal over control track and its optimal irreproducible discover rate threshold peaks was downloaded from the mouse ENCODE database (https://www.encodeproject.org/).
Four replicates of ATAC-Seq data (GSE108786) were generated in mpkCCD cells as described previously [6]. Datasets of ChIP-Seq data for histone H3K27Ac (GSE95009) and RNA Polymerase II (GSE79584) were used from previous published data [7, 8]. Genome-wide coverage of every 10 bp-scale bin as an input bed file of each replicate was generated by bedtools (coverage) from BAM files.
Multiple ChIP-Seq datasets (GSE29218) published as part of the mouse ENCODE project were used to examine integration of multiple types of ChIP-Seq data. The ChIP-Seq datasets for P300 (GSM723018), RNA Polymerase II (GSM723019) and H3K27Ac (GSM851278) were generated in Bruce4 mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by Dr. Bing Ren's laboratory [9]. Two replicates from each ChIP-Seq dataset were used for integration using NGS-Integrator.
Example 1:Integration of multiple-replicate transcription factor ChIP-Seq data
To provide an example of an application of NGS-Integrator for genome-wide NGS data for multiple replicates of the same experiment, we processed previously unpublished datasets obtained from antibody-based chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by NGS (ChIP-Seq) using an antibody to the transcription factor ELF1 (Fig. 1b). Based on technical limitations, especially in the antibody-based immunoprecipitation step, ChIP-Seq data for TF binding site identification often includes significant background noise that obscures specific binding sites. In this example, we used three replicates of ELF1 ChIP-Seq data generated in mouse kidney cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells [6, 10]. Figure 1 shows a genomic region on the UCSC genome browser that includes the Eef2 gene. The replicates are shown along with peaks identified with MACS2 [11] for each. Only one peak is common to all three replicates. Integration of three replicate datasets using NGS-Integrator is shown as the red track. When this track was used as input to MACS2, additional peaks were called, many of which contain typical ELF1 binding motifs (ANCCGGAAGT) identified with Homer 4.9 (blue lines, Fig. 1). For comparison, we showed ELF1 ChIP-Seq data reported in ENCODE (ENCSR033OWC) for murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells along with called peaks (IDR peaks) indicated by green bars. ELF1 binding from the present study is consistent with ELF1 binding in the ENCODE data even though the cell types are different. We provide an additional example of the use of NGS-Integrator to integrate ChIP-Seq data in Supplementary Fig. 1, mapping genomic binding sites of the TF SNAIL1 in human LS174T colorectal cancer cells [12].
Example 2:Integration of multiple replicates of ATAC-Seq data
ATAC-Seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using Sequencing) is a recently developed method to map open chromatin regions across the genome [13] and is able to identify regulatory DNA elements where transcriptional regulators bind. We previously applied ATAC-Seq in mpkCCD cells to identify active regulatory DNA elements near the Aqp2 gene, which codes for the water channel protein aquaporin-2 [6]. Here, four replicates of ATAC-Seq data from mpkCCD cells were integrated (Fig. 2a) as another example of homogeneous data integration. Data integration using NGS-Integrator allows the data to be summarized in a single track with improved overall signal-to-noise discrimination (red track, Fig. 2a).
Examples of data integration for homogeneous and heterogeneous NGS data. a Identification of open chromatin regions near Eef2 gene using ATAC-Seq. Tracks for replicates of ATAC-Seq data from mpkCCD cells were integrated into a single track using NGS-Integrator (window size: 10 kb, background: 2× median across the window). Eef2 gene, coding for Elongation Factor 2 (EF-2), is a housekeeping gene and mainly involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. Original data tracks in black; integrated data track in red. b Identification of active enhancer regions near Eef2 gene using multiple NGS techniques. Three different NGS datasets were generated using data from ATAC-Seq, ChIP-Seq for histone H3K27Ac and ChIP-Seq for RNA Polymerase II in mouse kidney cortical collecting duct cell mpkCCD. The datasets were integrated to identify potential regulatory elements (window size: 10 kb, background: 2× median across the window). Original data tracks in black; integrated track in blue. All data tracks were displayed on the UCSC Genome Browser with mouse genome mm10
Example 3:Combining data from RNA polymerase II ChIP-Seq, histone H3K27Ac ChIP-Seq, and ATAC-Seq to predict locations of enhancers
As a third example, heterogeneous data integration was done using three types of data expected to overlap at active enhancer sites, viz. ATAC-Seq, ChIP-Seq for histone H3 acetylation at Lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) and ChIP-Seq for RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II), all from mouse mpkCCD cells (Fig. 2b). Although these three features are known to overlap at enhancers [14], none alone are adequate to precisely identify the boundaries of active enhancers. Typically, sequences within identified enhancers are analyzed to identify putative TF binding sites. By sharpening enhancer boundaries, NGS-Integrator can narrow the list of putative TFs that need to be studied further to understand the regulation of a particular gene.
Example 4:Combining data from P300, RNA polymerase II, histone H3K27Ac ChIP-Seq datasets to predict locations of active regulatory elements
To test integration of a large number of datasets, NGS-Integrator was applied to ChIP-Seq datasets published by Dr. Bing Ren's laboratory. Total 6 ChIP-Seq datasets for the histone acetyltransferase P300, RNA Pol II and Histone H3K27Ac (two replicates per target protein) generated from mouse embryonic stem cell line, Bruce4, were used to calculate cMBFs from each dataset and combine all 6 datasets into one track with NGS-Integrator (Fig. 3), revealing active regions surrounding Eef2 including one at the transcriptional start site.
Data integration for multiple ChIP-Seq data from the public mouse ENCODE database. Identification of active regulatory regions near Eef2 gene using multiple ENCODE ChIP-Seq data (GSE29218) generated in mouse Embryonic Stem Cell (mESC) line Bruce4. Tracks from three datasets with two replicates of each ChIP-Seq were integrated into a single track using NGS-Integrator (window size: 10 kb, background: 2× median across the window). The genome browser for Eef2 gene on mouse reference genome mm9 was shown. Original data tracks in black; integrated data track in red
Figure 4 shows execution time and memory usage for a range of input file sizes for the Calculator module (Fig. 4a) and the Integrator module of NGS-Integrator (Fig. 4b). To vary input file sizes, multiple scale bins (1000 bp, 500 bp, 100 bp, 50 bp, 10 bp and 5 bp) were generated in four different mouse chromosomes (1, 10, 17, and 19) through the coverage calculation using bedtools prior to application of NGS-Integrator. As shown in Fig. 4a, the execution time increases with a linear-trend with increasing size of the input file. The memory consumption for given set of files was also noted to be consistent with increasing size of the data. Figure 4b shows that decreasing the file size for integrating output files from the Calculation module corresponds to a sharp decrease in the execution time, as expected. Complexity analysis of the algorithms suggests that it can operate in linear time and space with respect to the length of the genome, consistent with the results shown here.
Estimation of execution time and memory usage of NGS-Integrator 'Calculator' and 'Integrator'. a Execution time (left panel) and memory usage (right panel) of NGS-Integrator 'Calculator' was assessed from different sizes of chromosomes (chromosome 1, 10, 17, and 19) with multiple scale bins (1000 bp, 500 bp, 100 bp, 50 bp, 10 bp, and 5 bp). 'Calculator' was tested as default setting (window size: 10000 bp; number to replace zero: 0.1). b Execution time and memory usage of NGS-Integrator 'Integrator' estimated from cMBFs of three replicates in each chromosome size. The performance analysis was accomplished using 2 Hexa core Intel Xeon CPU E5–2620 running at 2.40GHz with 32 KB of L1 instruction cache, 32 kb of L1 data cache, 256 kb of L2, and 15,360 kb of L3 cache. The Linux system was equipped with 48GB of RAM memory and operating system was 3.13.0–48 generic Ubuntu
In this paper we have proposed, designed and implemented easy-to-use software called NGS-Integrator which allows integration of multiple genome-wide NGS data tracks. Our software is implemented in Java and allows integration of data obtained either from multiple datasets of the same technique or data sets derived from different, but complementary, techniques. As shown in the examples, NGS-Integrator can integrate information to facilitate downstream analyses that identify functional domains along the genome. In the Calculator module, the NGS data are transformed to range [0,1] through use of the complement of the minimum Bayes' factor. Fundamentally, any data transformation that yields values in the range [0,1] and has a positive monotonic relation to the input data would work. The main reason for the choice of the minimum Bayes' factor is the direct use of the background noise for the calculation, which is easily estimated for sparse data as described. We expect that NGS-Integrator will be very useful for a wide variety of experimental studies where multiple replicates of genome-wide data need to be integrated into a single track.
Availability and requirements
Project name: NGS-Integrator.
Project home page: https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/NGS-Integrator/.
Archived version: GitHub (https://github.com/ESBL/NGS-Integrator).
Operating system(s): Platform independent.
Programming language: Java.
Other requirements: Java 1.7 or higher.
License: Open source.
The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in the GEO: ATAC-Seq data (GSE108786), ChIP-Seq data for histone H3K27Ac (GSE95009), and RNA Polymerase II (GSE79584). The datasets of ELF1 ChIP-seq analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
The funding information in the metadata of the original publication was incorrect. The article has been updated to rectify the errors.
TF:
cMBF:
Complement of the minimum Bayes factor
ChIP-seq:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing
ATAC-seq:
Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing
H3K27Ac:
Histone H3 acetylation at lysine 27
RNA Pol II:
RNA polymerase II
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We carried out next-generation sequencing in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute DNA Sequencing Core Facility (Dr. Yuesheng Li, Director).
The work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute projects ZIA-HL001285 (to MAK) and ZIA-HL006129 (to MAK). BW was supported by the NHLBI Summer Internship Program (June–August 2018). Fahad Saeed was supported by the NIGMS of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award number: R01GM134384, and by the National Science Foundations (NSF) under the award number: NSF CAREER OAC-1925960.
Bronte Wen and Hyun Jun Jung contributed equally to this work.
Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Bronte Wen, Hyun Jun Jung, Lihe Chen & Mark A. Knepper
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Hyun Jun Jung
School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
Fahad Saeed
Bronte Wen
Lihe Chen
Mark A. Knepper
BW, LC, HJJ and MAK designed the algorithm. BW and HJJ wrote the code and HJJ carried out NGS experiments. BW, HJJ and FS carried out performance testing. BW, LC, HJJ, FS and MAK wrote the manuscript and all authors revised and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Mark A. Knepper.
Fig. S1. Examples of data integration using NGS-Integrator to identify genomic binding sites for transcription factor SNAIL1-HA in human LS174T colorectal cancer cells. a and b Two replicates of ChIP-Seq data for SNAIL1-HA obtained from GSE127183 were integrated (window size for background noise calculation: 10 kb with 2× median across the window). The NGS-Integrator integrated track (red track) was generated from the two replicates and peaks identified using MACS2 (bdgcallpeak, cutoff > 0.5) was also shown below the NGS-Integrator integrated track (red). All data tracks were displayed on the UCSC Genome Browser with human genome hg19.
Wen, B., Jung, H., Chen, L. et al. NGS-Integrator: An efficient tool for combining multiple NGS data tracks using minimum Bayes' factors. BMC Genomics 21, 806 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07220-7
Efficient data integration
Genome-wide NGS
NGS data analysis
Minimum Bayes factor


By Marshall Stack, CANADA (Thornloe) -In the normally tepid hamlet of Thornloe, Ontario, there is an air brewing in the air. There is a buzz around the lone traffic light and the door of the convenience store is being opened and summarily closed far more often than usual. Why the sturm und drang?
Thornloe is widely known for its cheese factory which, up until recently was in danger of closing, thanks to its parent company BB FunCorp deeming it irrelevant.
Now, with the recent news that the Banque du Canada is preparing to recognize cheese and other select dairy products as hard currency, the factory is unable to keep up with the demand. Many of the one-hundred local residents are making repeat trips to purchase the hard orange rounds of cheddar that soon may be more valuable than the paper they were bought with.
The practice of using cheese as money seems to have sprung from the Canadian North. In the 1980`s, as northern economically ghettoized locals ran out of cash, they resorted to foodstuffs to barter for what they needed. One of these foodstuffs, was, cheese.
Filtering south now, cheese has edged out all other items in the pantry to emerge as the dominant food-money of a country caught in the crosshairs of a crossroads turning point. Experts at the prestigious Carribean think tank MyGoodies say that at present rates of growth, cheese could be the most widely used legal tender substance in Canada in just three short years.
The residents of Thornloe are well aware of this fact.
In terms of value, it looks like chevre or goat cheese may lead the pack with brie and soft cheeses coming in a close second. Cheddar, havarti, fontina and mozzarella fill out the bottom rung of popular investment cheeses, but those in the know continue to warn that speculation is pointless.
Although Mr Rabeezio's landmark tome on the fallout of Sweden's ill-fated flirtation with a cheese-based economy in the 1980's ("I Am The Cheese, And You Are The Sauce", Loyola University Press, 1990) has been snatched up by Thornloeites wishing to bone-up on their knowledge of fromage, not everyone is swallowing what it has to say.
Failing to heed his own warnings, specialist in moral turpitude Marshall Stack has hit a roadblock. Yes, gang, just like you and me, he's the opposite of delicious. According to passersby, Stack possesses that rare commodity of being able not only to control his own weight, but also that of others. We're so proud of him for not breaking anything.
This entry was posted in Canaduh, Featured Brutality and tagged canada, cheese, cheese will be legal tender in Canada by 2014, finance, french horn, marshall stack, the brutal times. Bookmark the permalink.
yeah but will it be on par with American cheese?
when my mom makes a grill cheese sandwich i'm rarin to go! if cheese money comes to canada i'm lovin' it! – i'm billy.
i have never been to Canaduh. it looks like very cold! my friend hisako made canadian boyfriend but im wanting american one – from nyc!!!
I have grave concerns around the cheese based economy.
Certain Cheeses are deeply rooted in insolence ( some of the Quebec raw cheeses like to raise a funk):Some irrassable:Some intractable. How to control greed and hoarding creating appparent need. We will need serious branding gentlemen. Pending Binding arbitration, How to Quantify? Devil in Detatils etc. V. concerned. Please advise.
I was so utterly steamed when responding to article on said Cheese based economy that urgency prevailed in my communication to yourselves, and in retrospect I couldn't help but notice, that I could use some serious commas. Please feel free to apply.
how come you get to have your name in blue? it isn't fair to other society members.
i dont like chese much. but i want to try blue cheese.oishii!
hey minako – i got a whole lot o blue cheese in my apato yo!
I think this Matthews woman may be onto something. Summarily she must be arrested. And shot.
let me say that i find it quite uplifting that young people, such as yourselves are staying up late at night and utilizing this Internet machine. when i was your age i never ventured out of my bed on a cold windy night. and certainly not just for the purpose of contacting a dear friend. what i think mr stienberg needs to consider however, is that he could just taze that woman. The Canadians have done great things with the tazer, and I hope we can make greater use of it in the future that lies ahead.
With respect to Mr. Kerry's remarks pertaining to Tazers. Don't get me started on Tazers;the so called non deadly force. This is quite deadly as we have seen recently demonstrated by the Vancouver airport thug police. How the devil can these tazers be deemed a non deadly force when in fact they can and do kill.
There appears to be some subtlety that I surely am missing.
Please be so kind as to explain how a person can be killed while waiting at the airport for his family member to pick him up. Further How large is this immigration holding area that neither staff nor family member could spot that he was waiting for over 10 hours? It's a fine example of U.S Patriot Act influenced overwrought behaviour, and an utterly reprehensible incident if you ask me.
What are your considered opinions Sirs?
One again I feel the need to air grievance in your forum.
So agitated was I in my dyspnoeic ire, requiring immediate response to Mr. Kerry: that it appears, that I have once again overlooked proper punctuation. I am quite beside myself with disgraceful remorse. Should you feel my submission worthy please feel free to punctuate; at will.
Once again I feel the need to air grievance in your forum.
So agitated was I in my dyspnoeic ire, requiring immediate response to Mr. Kerry: that it appears, that indeed again, proper punctuation regrettably, has been overlooked. I am quite beside myself with disgraceful remorse. Should you feel my submission worthy please feel free to punctuate; at will.
the tazers are needed to stun the giraffes.


Jedes Konzert das ihr im Wallis gegeben habt durfte ich miterleben.
Jedes war einzigartig und einfach grandios.
Und das alles soll jetzt vorbei sein?
Wir sind geschockt und traurig und werden dich nie vergessen. Du lebst in deiner Musik für uns weiter! Unser herzliches Beileid an die Familie!
...From the ashes to the sky"
Viel zu jung und zu früh musstest du von uns gehn.
Steve is one of my all-time-favorite vocalists. I was totally morally destroyed on Wednesday, when knew this terrible news. I saw Gotthard's show and met Steve in May in Moscow. He was so energetic, so positive, so kind, so full of life. One of the best musician I ever met. His songs always are so cheerful. I never forget this great impression. He enlighten my life for long weeks forward.
And now, less than 5 month later he's gone. Damn accident! If there's man who must life and create - it's Steve. My heart bleeds now.
All my heartfelt thoughts and prayers are with his family, friends and loved ones. And with all his fans all over the world.
es gibt keine worte, die zu sagen vermögen, wie traurig und tragisch der tod von steven ist. mein tiefst empfundenes beileid, vorallem an brigitte und seine familie. R.I.P steve und deinen angehörigen unendlich viel kraft, um die kommende zeit zu überstehen.
You'll sing forever in "Heaven" Steve...see ya on the other side!
Losing someone is always a difficult thing, but losing with so much humanity and simplicity as Steve is just unconceivable. We were lucky that our path crossed Steve's on several occasion. Each time, he was a sensitive and understanding man, so simple and close to his fans. Each encounter was like meeting a very good friend. This time he is gone forever and you can't help but think it is unfair that a generous man had to pass away so early.
Our thoughts go to him, Brigitte and his family as well as to his close friends.
We share your pain and grief. We miss him already so much.
R.I.P. get a good travel, rocknroll man.


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text:
How to stream the 2019 College World Series for free
Ryan Joseph—
2019-06-15 06:00 am | Last updated 2019-07-11 03:33 pm
Minda Haas Kuhlmann/Flickr (CC-BY)
Eight teams are headed to Omaha, Nebraska.
Eleven days, eight teams, one site. The 2019 College World Series commences at TD Ameritrade Parkin in Omaha, Nebraska on June 15, with two brackets of four schools vying to become the college baseball champion.
Much like the springtime NCAA basketball tournaments, the College World Series brings together baseball fans and university alumni from all over to watch their favorite squads in a multi-day sporting festival of sorts. This year's participating schools come from four different conferences (the SEC, Big Ten, Big 12, and ACC) but almost all from the same geographic area: the greater South. Michigan is the lone non-Southern contender, as they punched their ticket to Omaha by upsetting no. 1-seeded UCLA. The Wolverines also bounced last year's champion, Oregon State, in the regional round, fueling the team's underdog quest to bring the trophy home to Ann Arbor for the first time since 1962.
Regardless of who you're rooting for, there are plenty of ways to catch all of the week-plus-long action—as well as the potential upsets that could occur along the way. Here's everything you need to know to watch the College World Series for free, including the tournament format and the participating teams.
2019 College World Series teams
Wheels/YouTube
What channel is the 2019 College World Series on?
The 2019 College World Series will be broadcast across the ESPN network, with games airing on ESPN2, ESPN3, and ESPNU. The College World Series finals will be hosted by ESPN.
2019 College World Series live stream: How to watch CWS games for free
Thankfully for live TV customers, ESPN channels are available on several major streaming platforms, which makes accessing the College World Series throughout its entirety easy. All of the following services offer a one-week trial, allowing you to watch most of the 2019 College World Series for free.
1) Sling TV
Sling TV offers three different channel packages. For ESPN, ESPN2, and ESPN3, you'll need either Sling Orange ($25 per month) or Sling Orange + Blue ($40 per month), and both packages are currently 40% off for your first month.
With Sling Orange, customers benefit from ESPN's coverage of some of the biggest events in sports: college football and basketball, Monday Night Football, NBA basketball, Major League Baseball, and much more. Subscribers will also gain access to some of the most celebrated sports programming on television, including ESPN's acclaimed 30 for 30 documentary series and SportsCenter. With Sling Orange + Blue, you'll get all of that plus the other major sports channels, including FS1, FS2, NBCSN, ACC Network, and NFL Network. Depending upon your tastes, Sling TV provides the sports you crave at perhaps the best price point of any service. It's worth noting that Sling TV is the only service that offers a dedicated channel for ESPN3. (Here's a complete guide to Sling TV channels and our Sling TV review.)
TRY SLING TV
2) Hulu with Live TV
Cost: $44.99 per month (after a 7-day free trial)
Hulu devices: Roku, Apple TV, Google Chromecast, Amazon Fire Stick and Fire TV, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Nintendo Switch, and iOS and Android devices
Hulu local channels: ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, the CW (check your local availability here)
Hulu with Live TV gives customers all four of the major broadcast networks, which includes the channels that subscribers will need to watch the College World Series, ESPN and ESPN2. For $45 per month, customers receive the aforementioned channels—which show everything from college football to Major League Baseball—as well as FS1, FS2, TNT, and NBCSN. (Here's the complete list of Hulu Live TV channels.) For the price, the breadth of content, and the ability to record up to 50 hours of programming, Hulu with Live TV is a bonafide steal for baseball and sports fans. Subscribers will also receive access to Hulu's full on-demand catalog for free (a $5.99/month value).
TRY HULU WITH LIVE TV
3) PlayStation Vue
Cost: $44.99-$79.99 per month (after a 5-day free trial)
PlayStation Vue devices: PlayStation 3 and 4, Roku, Amazon Fire Stick and Fire TV, Google Chromecast, Kodi, iOS and Android devices
PlayStation Vue local channels: NBC, Fox, ABC, CBS (enter your ZIP code here to check your availability)
Don't worry: You don't need to own a PlayStation to subscribe to PlayStation Vue. The four-tiered subscription service is accessible to anyone. To watch the College World Series, subscribers need to have the Core plan, which goes for $49.99 per month. That package provides ESPN and ESPN2, as well as FS1, FS2, Fox, TNT, NBC, and NBCSN. For the truly sports-obsessed, PlayStation Vue's Core package also comes equipped with MLB Network and many more specialized sports channels, like the SEC Network and NFL Network. Luckily, PlayStation Vue doesn't hold subscribers to annual contracts, so dissatisfied Core users can always downgrade to Access to save a few more bucks throughout the year. (Here are all of the PlayStation Vue channels.)
TRY PLAYSTATION VUE
4) YouTube TV
Cost: $50 per month (after a 5-day free trial)
YouTube TV devices: Google Chromecast, Roku, Apple TV, Android TV, Xbox One, iOS and Android devices
YouTube TV local channels: NBC, CBS, Fox, ABC, the CW (enter your ZIP code here to check your availability)
Do you have other plans during certain games of the College World Series? Fear not: YouTube TV gives customers unlimited cloud storage and DVR personalization capabilities so you can record the hours of CWS coverage, beginning on ESPN at 2pm ET on Saturday, June 15. Beyond offering ESPN and ESPN2, YouTube TV offers the four major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC), TNT, CBS Sports Network, NBC Sports Network, NBC Golf, MLB Network, and NBA TV, among many other sports channels. And if you're splitting the YouTube TV bill ($50 per month) with several roommates and/or family members, YouTube TV allows up to six people to be registered on one account—with each person gaining the ability to personalize their DVR. (You can find the full list of YouTube TV channels here.)
TRY YOUTUBE TV
Other ways to watch the 2019 College World Series online for free
1) ESPN3 and WatchESPN
If you have a working cable account, you can sign use ESPN3 and WatchESPN to access most, if not all, of ESPN's live programming on its various cable channels through a desktop or mobile device, which includes each game of the 2019 College World Series.
2019 College World Series format
The format of the College World Series is funky. Think of it as a cross between the World Cup group stages (or any round-robin tournament for that matter) and the NCAA basketball tournaments. It's a double elimination through the bracket stage, but the championship round is a best-of-three series.
In the double-elimination portion of the World Series, the eight teams are divided into two four-team brackets. Within those brackets, the teams play one another until every team has two losses with the exception of one team that will advance to the championship.
Below you'll find the bracket-stage games better illustrated as well as the initial match-ups.
* — An asterisk indicates a game that only needs to be played if a tiebreaker is necessary.
Bracket One
Game 1: Michigan vs. Texas Tech at 2pm ET (ESPN)
Game 2: Florida State vs. Arkansas at 7pm ET (ESPN)
Game 5: Game 1 loser vs. Game 2 loser at 2pm ET (ESPN)
Game 6: Game 1 winner vs. Game 2 winner at 7pm ET (ESPN)
Game 9: Game 5 winner vs. Game 6 loser at 7pm ET (ESPN)
Game 11: Game 6 winner vs. Game 9 winner at 2pm ET (ESPN/ESPN2)
*Game 13: Game 11 winner vs. Game 11 loser at 2pm ET (ESPN/ESPN2)
Bracket Two
Game 3: Louisville vs. Vanderbilt at 2pm ET (ESPN)
Game 4: Auburn vs. Mississippi State at 7:30pm ET (ESPN2)
Game 7: Game 3 loser vs. Game 4 loser at 2pm ET (ESPN/ESPN2)
Game 8: Game 3 winner vs. Game 4 winner at 7pm ET (ESPN/ESPN2)
Game 10: Game 7 winner vs. Game 8 loser at 8pm ET (ESPNU)
Game 12: Game 8 winner vs. Game 10 winner at 7pm ET (ESPN)
College World Series Finals schedule
Game 1: Monday, June 24 at 7pm ET (ESPN)
Game 2: Tuesday, June 25 at 7pm ET (ESPN)
*Game 3: Wednesday, June 26 at 7pm ET (ESPN)
Ryan Joseph is a sports and streaming entertainment reporter. His work has been published in the New York Times, First We Feast, Thrillist, CityLab, Uproxx, and Esquire.
Baseball College World Series Sports Sports Streaming Streaming

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I've noticed a beautiful pattern in my dreams lately.
While I sleep, I've been traveling back to some of the ugliest places in my life. Places of secrets. Faces of judgment. In these scenes, I find myself completely present. I'm standing, waiting, listening, and feeling deeply. Amidst the shadowy emotions of those in the dream, I am not afraid. Sometimes, it's my words that change the room. Other times, I silently kneel to those who are the loudest and look into their eyes, or put my forehead against theirs. As I meet them where they are, I can feel a great swell of love wash over us. In an instant, tears are shed and truth is seen.
These powerful dreams have changed me. I wake up softer. I feel raw, like I've shed my skin while sleeping. As I roll into my day, I swim into a deeper awareness of others. Each exchange, whether with my children or a total stranger, seems more intimate and enjoyable.
A desire that is deeper than I can understand is growing within me. As I move through my life, I want to connect to others as genuinely as I did in these dreams. I want to feel the expanse of the contrast. I want to worship in the bliss of meeting in the middle, where love is.
A blessing is just as much about receiving as it is giving.
If I listen closely, I can hear that my heart is constantly pouring out love. The source is endless and immense! Divine love is always looking for a container to be held in, to be received. As it does, it fills completely and to overflowing. I don't have to concentrate on being a vessel for love to flow. When I stand in my presence like I did in my dreams, it moves where it is most desired.
I cannot help but bless my home, my loves, my wants and joys when I am connected to how easily love moves and how thirsty our hearts are to be held. As I've opened my mouth to speak or let holy words flow to a loved one through a note, I've been richly blessed in return. There's something so nourishing about letting love flow from me with reckless abandon. Instead of thinking 'is this too much?' or 'am I too vulnerable here?', I just open and let love work its magic.
We are here to dance with one another in love's great delight! Without stewing about what to say or how to bring it, just show up today, ready to sway with another soul. When you do, you create heaven on earth. You draw beauty and the most extraordinary experiences into your life, even in the most unlikely places!
I am so happy to be in this with you!


Ethical, sustainable fashion designed with consideration for workers, the planet, and consumers.
Good Cloth specializes in ethical fashion—clothing, accessories, and home goods—that are designed with consideration for workers, the planet, and consumers. The shop curates products that are made with ethically-sourced materials and have a transparent supply chain. Style, workers' rights, and the environment are the heart of Good Cloth. The company includes product journeys for each item, so that consumers can read how products are made, from beginning to end. How clothing is made shouldn't be a mystery.


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Steven Pallos (born 1902 in Budapest) was an Austro-Hungarian Empire-born British film producer.

Partial filmography
 Call of the Blood (1949)
 Hotel Sahara (1951)
 The Fake (1953)
 The Diamond (1954)
 The Master Plan (1955)
 Before I Wake (1955)
 Sail into Danger (1957)
 Jet Storm (1959)
 Foxhole in Cairo (1960)
 The Hands of Orlac (1960)
 Where the Spies Are (1965)
 Naked Evil (1966)
 Captain Nemo and the Underwater City (1969)
 The Three Musketeers (1974)

References

External links

1902 births
Year of death missing
Film people from Budapest
British film producers
Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Bring proper electrical equipment, adaptors, and converters if necessary.
If you have preferred cosmetics, toiletries, or pharmaceuticals stock up before leaving. Finding American brand medicine in Europe can be like looking for a needle in a haystack.
Charles Schwab Debit Card – The biggest perk of this debit card is that you pay no ATM fees worldwide. If a fee is charged it is reimbursed to your account. There are also no monthly service fees, you earn interest on your balance, and your account is FDIC-insured.
Chase Sapphire Credit Card – This card is my travel credit card and I love it because it has 0 foreign transaction fees (so when I buy things in a foreign currency it doesn't charge me extra) and has a chip so I can use it abroad. It offers fantastics points on things like travel and restaurants, but the best thing is the way that you can use these points. Chase has a pretty good rewards system already, but with this credit card when you buy things like flights through Chase you get a 20% discount automatically. You can also convert your points 1:1 into most of the major frequent flyer programs. The one downer is that it does have an annual fee.
There are a variety of US websites that won't work abroad or will have limited access. In order to get around this I'd recommend using the browser extension Hola Unblocker (Fulbrighters seem to almost universally use this for Netflix).
If you're coming from the US and have a Kindle I would highly recommend getting a local library card. Many local libraries have ebook collections on Overdrive and this allows you to check out books, even when you're abroad.
The new Craigslist is finn.no. Posts include everything from an online marketplace to jobs to apartments.
Mattilbud is a handy app that tells you what's on sale at all of your local grocery stores.
Let's Deal is the Norwegian version of Groupon.
It's easy to sign up for a library card in Norway, and the libraries actually have a surprisingly good selection of English language books. If you happen to be a teacher you can check out books for longer than the standard library card.
Buying things secondhand is a good way to save in Norway. Flea markets are popular and Fretex is the Norwegian version of the Salvation Army.
This is fairly random, but I liked signing up for email updates from the store Kitch'n. Kitch'n is definitely overpriced, but I enjoyed occasionally buying some of their products (specifically their Marius themed kitchenware), and they'll even give you a free packet of tea/coffee on your birthday.
Buy candles for winter! Oddly enough they'll make you feel better in the midst of all of the winter darkness.
You will probably pick up knitting. It pretty much qualifies as a national pastime.
Provided that you're far enough North, keep your fingers crossed for the Northern Lights. Websites that you can use to check for them are the Aurora Forecast and the Geophysical Institute, though there are a number of Norwegian Facebook groups that can also keep you in the loop. The one I used for Trondheim was Nordlysvarsel for Trondheim. When you can see the Northern Lights they tend to last for a while, so don't worry too much about missing them.
You're going to want to buy some sort of crampon type things for your shoes in winter. I know a lot of Americans invested in Yaktrax.
There aren't a lot of great options for English language news on Norway, but I ended up liking Life in Norway. I signed up for their weekly news email which gives a good overview of what's going on in the country.
The Bacon Bus: Or Grocery Shopping in Sweden – although this post is Trondheim specific, I know that other Norwegian towns, specifically Oslo, have their own equivalent of the bacon bus.
Vitamin D, Where Did You Go?


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Our adjustable beds are available in single or double sizes and can sit alone or as part of a linked base - allowing you and your partner to individually adjust each side of the bed to your exact specifications.
This range also comes with a wide variety of customisation options - add headboards and footboards, drawers, and even a message system! For more details, see at our five-step guide to creating your perfect adjustable bed.
If you're looking for a mattress for your adjustable bed, we can help there, too. Take a look at our range of adjustable mattresses adjustable mattresses for your most comfortable night's sleep ever.


text:
Les cestodes (Cestoda) sont une classe de plathelminthes parasites dont les adultes vivent dans le tube digestif des vertébrés. Ils ont une extrémité supérieure ronde, le scolex avec des crochets et des ventouses qui leur permettent de s'accrocher.  Derrière le scolex, ils ont un cou en croissance puis un strobile suivi par des segments appelés proglottis (immatures, matures, gravides) qui contiennent de nombreux œufs. Comme les cestodes n'ont pas de tube digestif à proprement parler, ils absorbent la nourriture prédigérée par l'hôte : ils sont osmotrophes.

Les bothriocéphales et les ténias sont des cestodes.

Constitution
Les cestodes ont un corps plat, segmenté et un aspect rubané. Les cestodes sont spécialisés dans le parasitisme avec des organes de fixation sur l'hôte et absence de tube digestif. Ce sont des mésoparasites. Les segments ont pour fonction de produire des œufs (jusqu'à cinq-mille œufs par jour). le segment mâle est antérieur et le segment femelle est postérieur, ainsi la reproduction se fait par autofécondation, par repliement. Dans leur cycle il n'existe pratiquement pas de phase libre.
Il existe deux ordres importants : les cyclophyllidiens, dont le scolex possède quatre ventouses, et les bothriocéphales, dont le scolex porte des pseudobothridies longitudinales qui font office de ventouses.

De nombreux animaux peuvent être parasités par un bothriocéphale tels que les phoques, renards, ours, porcs, chiens, chats et les êtres humains. Les larves de bothriocéphale évoluent dans un crustacé : le cyclops. Ce dernier est consommé par d'autres poissons et des humains se contaminent en mangeant des poissons crus ou insuffisamment cuits. Les cestodes ont perdu leur tube digestif ; ils se nourrissent via leurs hôtes.

Les bothriocéphales provoquent globalement les mêmes troubles que les ténias avec à noter une carence en vitamine B12 provoquant une anémie mégalocytaire.

On retiendra par exemple , mieux connu sous le nom de ver solitaire.

Liste des sous-classes
Selon ,  et  :
 sous-classe Cestodaria
 sous-classe Eucestoda

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Charles Joyeux; Jean Georges Baer. Faune de France. 30, Cestodes. Paris 1936
 Campbell, Reece, and Mitchell, Biology,   1999

Article connexe
Jacques Euzéby

Références taxinomiques

Cestoda
Parasite (nom scientifique)


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text:
Emerging Market ETFs Could Be the Play for 2020
January 8, 2020 Max Chen
As we re-evaluate our investments for the new year, ETF investors should reconsider emerging market exposure to diversify their portfolios.
Armando Senra, who runs iShares Americas for BlackRock, sees increasing "interest in China," which was "always a good play" to include in a portfolio, CNBC reports.
"That said, for 2020, I would pivot to emerging markets," Senra told CNBC. "There's more room for growth with a pickup in growth globally. You also have the benefit of the availability to make changes in monetary policy. They still have room to move, especially emerging markets ex-China."
Senra argued that developing economies have greater flexibility when it came to monetary policy and could potentially benefit "from a more stable trading environment" around the world.
For broad developing market exposure, investors can look to something like the iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (NYSEArca: IEMG), the second largest EM-related ETF by assets.
Chinese Growth Opportunity
John Davi, founder and chief investment officer of Astoria Portfolio Advisors, also looked into emerging markets, with a specific focus on the growth opportunity in Chinese markets.
"I think that for EM to work, China has to work," Davi told CNBC, adding that China's expected earnings per share growth for 2020 is higher than that of the United States. "China's injecting a lot of liquidity into the system. So, we use MCHI in our portfolio, [and]that's one of our top picks."
Davi was referring to the iShares MSCI China ETF (NASDAQ: MCHI), the largest China-related ETF by assets. MCHI tracks the benchmark MSCI China Index, providing investors with exposure to large- and mid-sized companies in China with a particular tilt toward consumer discretionary and communication services names like Alibaba and Tencent, among others.
"On a multiyear basis, you have more upside overseas than you do here in the U.S.," Davi added. "The trade of the decade has been large-cap U.S. stocks, large-cap growth, so, ultimately, capital gets allocated to look for the highest return per unit of risk. I think there's a lot of risk in the U.S. large-cap growth market, so, I'd look overseas if I'm investing on a multiyear basis."
For more information on global markets, visit our global ETFs category.
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Pollington is in the Snaith, Airmyn, Rawcliffe and the Marshlands Ward of the Brigg & Goole and the Isle of Axholme Constituency. Andrew Percy is the Conservative and Unionist MP for the Constituency, and John Barrett and Caroline Fox are the Ward Councillors. Click here for more details on the MP's website. All were re-elected in the May 2015 and June 2017 elections - here are the results.
The East Riding of Yorkshire Council (ERYC) has its headquarters in Beverley, with a local office in Church Street, Goole, up near the clock tower. The Registration Office is there (births, marriages & deaths), and the Leisure Centre is just round the corner in North Street. Click here to read everything about the ERYC.
The nearest Citizens Advice Bureau is in Goole, telephone 0300 3300 888, address 80 Pasture Road.
The nearest Land Registry Office is in Hull. The nearest Probate Office is in Leeds.


Last week, the Bronx Chamber of Commerce held its annual Women of Distinction luncheon.
Nine Bronx high school women each received scholarships in the amout of one-thousand dollars towards their college education. The scholarships were from Con Edison to Melisa Calderon, Isaury Guzman, and Shamil Santos. Simone Development awarded Rahima Khatun. Metro Optics awarded Ashmani Apou. Sandra Erickson Real Estate awarded Stephanie Erzuah. Orange Bank awarded Briana Allen. And F & F Insurance gave its scholarship award to Josphine Lewis.
The Mistress of Ceremony was local WCBS-TV reporter Mary Calvi. Ms. Evelyn Oliver of Con Edison (also the luncheon chairperson) welcomed the bustling room at Villa Barrone Manor. Bronx Chamber of Commerce Board Chairman Joe Kelleher gave opening remarks before turning the podium over to the chamber's president Lisa Sorin. Bronx District Attorney Darcel Clark, the first African American female District Attorney in New York State, gave the keynote address.
Dr. Esther D. Henry, Senior Pastor, the House of the Lord Ministries Inc., and WNBC-TV Today in New York anchor Darlene Rodriguez received honoree awards.
Councilman Mark Gjonaj wowed the gathering by pledging to give another one-thousand dollar scholarship to a student chosen by the Bronx Chamber of Commerce.


text:
» Fr. Harry Strassberger – Diocese of Buffalo
Fr. Harry Strassberger – Diocese of Buffalo
Horowitz Law | Nov 7, 2019 | Abuser Profiles, Catholic Church
Father Harry Strassberger
Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Parish (Niagara Falls, NY)
Our Lady of the Rosary (Wilson, NY)
Prince of Peace Parish (Niagara Falls, NY)
Air Force Reserves
Summary of Sexual Abuse Allegations Against Father Harry Strassberger:
Father Harry Strassberger joined the Army Air Forces in 1941. After leaving active duty in 1945 as a captain in the Air Force, he enrolled at Our Lady of the Angels Seminary, Niagara University and was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Buffalo in 1950. He served as assistant pastor in several parishes throughout the diocese. He also became pastor of Our Lady of the Rosary, Wilson and, served for 21 years as pastor of Prince of Peace Parish, Niagara Falls. He died in 1999.
According to media reports, in November 2018, the Diocese of Buffalo released an updated list of priests credibly accused of child sexual abuse. Priests who received only a single allegation after their death were not included. One priest who made the list after being deceased was Father Harry Strassberger. The number of allegations or any information about the victim/s is unknown. Details of the allegations, including when and where the alleged misconduct occurred, are unknown.


text:
WBB: Cyclones fall at K-State 80-68
Chris Williams, Feb 11 •	0 Comments
The following is a press release courtesy of Iowa State athletics communications.
MANHATTAN, Kan. – No. 25 Kansas State (18-7, 8-5 Big 12) defeated Iowa State (13-11, 4-9 Big 12), 80-68, in women's basketball action Saturday afternoon in Bramlage Coliseum.
The Wildcats got a boost from their bench, recording 40 points from their reserves in the victory.
Iowa State was led by Emily Durr, who poured in 20 points and tallied a career-high six 3-pointers. Seanna Johnson added 17 points and Bridget Carleton had eight points and grabbed a game-high 11 rebounds.
Foul trouble plagued the Cyclones. Jadda Buckley fouled out, and Johnson and Carleton played much of the second half with four fouls.
Durr helped the Cyclones race out to an early 11-4 behind a trio of 3-point baskets. The Wildcats then battled back, taking a one-point lead (17-16) after the first quarter when Kayla Goth buried a baseline 3-pointer as time expired.
Iowa State shot over 50 percent in the second quarter, but the Wildcats went into the break with a 40-37 lead thanks to 6-of-8 shooting from beyond the arc. Durr scored on a drive to give the Cyclones a 37-34 lead with under two minutes before intermission, but Lanie Page hit back-to-back treys to close out the first-half scoring.
KSU used an 11-2 run in the third quarter to go into the final frame with a 64-56 lead.
The fourth quarter found the Cyclones struggling to make a dent into the Wildcat lead. KSU maintained its cushion, as ISU went close to four minutes without a point.
The Cyclones then erased a 10-point lead with back-to-back 3-pointers from Durr and Johnson to trim the deficit to four points (72-68) with three minutes remaining. However, KSU answered with a pair of baskets to go back up by eight points with 2:05 left.
Players of Note
Emily Durr has responded since being inserted into the starting lineup. Durr tallied 20 points and made a career-high six 3-pointers this afternoon. She also dished out four assists. It was Durr's second career 20-point outing.
Bridget Carleton played all 40 minutes and grabbed a game-high 11 rebounds. She made both of her shots at the charity stripe to increase her streak of consecutive free-throws made to 42.
Cyclone Quick Hits
*Seanna Johnson started her 114th-straight game.
*ISU made over 80 percent of its shots at the free-throw line (88.9 pct.) for the 12th time this season.
*ISU has made a 3-pointer in 697-straight games.
*Emily Durr made a career-high six 3-pointers. She has drilled nine treys in her last two games.
*Durr's 20 points was her second career 20-point game.
*Bridget Carleton was 2-of-2 from the free throw line to increase her consecutive free-throws made streak to 42.
*Carleton had 11 rebounds, the sixth double-digit rebounding effort of her career.
Iowa State plays host to Texas Tech on Feb. 15. Tipoff is at 7 p.m. on Cyclones.tv.
View articles by Chris Williams	administrator
Follow @@ChrisMWilliams
Previous PREDICTIONS: Iowa State vs. Oklahoma
Next CFTV: Steve Prohm on Iowa State's win over Oklahoma
WBB: Cyclones fall short in Lubbock
WBB: Cyclones win on road at K-State
WBB: Cyclones fall after late comeback comes up short


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The field of Neuroethics aims to align neuro-technology development with societal values. It embodies a deep commitment to engaging citizens in deliberations about research in an effort to democratize science. But, public engagement is not without challenges. Precedents in the brain sciences illustrate that pluralistic deliberations may reveal divergent opinions between the public, researchers, and policy makers. Differing beliefs and worldviews may be difficult to reconcile. Maintaining public trust amidst conflicting priorities may threaten the sustainability of research enterprises. However, community engagement experiences in the neurosciences offer opportunities to reflect on partnering with citizens in the development of science.
Community engagement in the neuro-sphere has been marked by many successes. To give an example from addiction science, advocates in Vancouver have carved a niche for InSite, a supervised injection facility for individuals who use drugs, despite numerous social and political hurdles. Recent years have also seen community engagement that has blurred the distinction between researcher and researched. For example, in 2008 preliminary evidence suggested that lithium carbonate might delay the progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Because ALS has few available therapies, patients began accessing lithium carbonate "off label" while ALS trials were underway. Advocates in the ALS community partnered with PatientsLikeMe—an online patient network—to gather outcomes data among those using the drug off label. This patient-led study suggested that lithium carbonate was ineffective, which led to halting scientist-led trials. This initiative spared patients and researchers the significant opportunity costs of pursuing an ineffective therapy.
While successes in community engagement in the neurosciences are many, public controversies have also revealed challenges. One recent example is chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the multiple sclerosis community. In 2009, researchers hypothesized that narrowed veins in the neck, are the cause of multiple sclerosis. These narrowed veins were thought to hinder the removal of blood from the brain and spinal cord and cause a build-up of iron that induces inflammation and myelin sheath attack. This hypothesis was followed by a trial that tested a vein opening operation, termed "Liberation Therapy." The surgery initially demonstrated symptom improvement in a small sample of patients, and immediately caught the attention of the multiple sclerosis community. The scientific community, however, was sceptical, and follow up studies demonstrated that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency occurs at equal rates in the multiple sclerosis population and general population.
Image Description: A transaxial slice of a human brain taken with positron emission tomography (PET). Scan appears blue, red, orange, and yellow.
Despite scientific concerns, the publicity of the Liberation Therapy was largely fueled by multiple sclerosis community activists on social media. Within two years of the initial trial, thousands of people engaged with more than 500 Facebook groups, pages, and events about the procedure. Over 4000 YouTube videos about this procedure surfaced. Emotionally charged accounts documented the positive experiences of patients who underwent the procedure. Anecdotal evidence motivated thousands to seek the surgery in countries that continued to offer it despite warnings from the scientific community and regulatory agencies.
Advocacy efforts persisted even in the face of severe side effects and deaths linked to these surgeries. Advocates continued to publicize the Liberation Therapy, organize public demonstrations, and lobby governments for further research. Such advocacy efforts mobilized funding for additional research, despite some concerns about the lack of clinical equipoise.
Recent randomized clinical trials in Canada and Italy report negative results from the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency procedure.
As ethicists, scientists, and policymakers, what ought we do when public demands stray from scientific evidence? The chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency experience presents an opportunity to reinforce an infrastructure of trust, informed hope, and knowledge-based humility at the interface between science and society.
Public engagement requires trust. The challenges illustrated by chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency research demonstrate that sustainable trust in the public sphere must be cultivated proactively. Additionally, this research experience illustrates an opportunity to dedicate empirical focus to the complexities of trust relationships between the scientific community and the broader public.
Another facilitator to successful public engagement is informed hope. The scientific community should disseminate accessible information about research in a manner that privileges social responsibility over hype. Conscientious communications focus on incremental advances in science, caveats of research, and time frames for clinical applications.
Finally, to establish honest conversations that promote informed hope and build trust, researchers must approach the public—particularly patients who may have heightened stakes in the advancement of science—through a lens of knowledge-based humility. Knowledge-based humility is based on openness and reciprocity between collaborators, rather than a top-down assertion of expertise. In this manner, the lived experience of lay experts such as patients and their families would be honoured and productively guide the development of research.
Experiences in the neurosciences demonstrate that community engagement is a complex endeavour. The complexities of public scholarship can only be matched by its tremendous potential to celebrate pluralism with an emphasis on social responsibility and responsiveness in research.
Anthony Traboulsee is an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of British Columbia and the Director of the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic and Clinical Trials Research Group at University of British Columbia Hospital. He is the Principal Investigator of the Canadian chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency clinical trial.
*A longer version of this reflection was originally published in Neuroethics: Anticipating the future (2017).


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Tag Archive for cyclist killed
Piru cyclist killed in Sunday rear-end collision
February 18, 2013 / bikinginla / 2 comments
The Ventura County Star reports that a 41-year old bike rider was killed in a rear-end collision on Sunday.
According to the report, the rider, who has not been publicly identified, was headed east on East Telegraph Road near Howe Road around 6:35 pm when he was struck from behind by a pickup. A photo view of the area shows a wide shoulder, suggesting that the driver either drifted off the roadway or hit the rider while making a right onto Howe; it's also possible that the rider may have left the shoulder for some reason, such as to avoid broken glass or a pothole.
A cryptic CHP dispatch report shows a fatal vehicle versus pedestrian collision at that time and location; for reasons that will forever escape me, the CHP often refers to cyclists as pedestrians in their reports.
The paper cites the CHP as saying the victim was not using all or some of the lights required by law after dark, nor was he wearing a helmet. However, whether a helmet would have offered any benefit at what was undoubtedly highway speeds is a matter of conjecture.
This is just the fourth cyclist killed in Southern California this year, excluding shooting victims, and the first in Ventura County. That compares to nine SoCal cyclists killed this time last year, and three victims in Ventura County in all of 2012.
My deepest condolences and prayers for the victim and his family.
Category: Bicycle Safety, Car vs Bike, Injuries and Fatalities / Tags: bicycling fatality, cyclist killed, East Telegraph Road, Piru, Ventura County
Labor Day links: Palm Springs cyclist killed; witness the birth of ciclovía
September 5, 2010 / bikinginla / 4 comments
A cyclist was struck and killed near Palm Springs on Saturday.
Thirty-six year old Palm Springs resident Milen Dimitrov was hit by a full-sized pickup truck traveling the same direction on Highway 111 northwest of Overture Drive at 6:30 am. He died at the scene less than half an hour later.
The driver stopped at the scene, and police don't believe drugs or alcohol were involved.
Kind of a sad commentary when it's news that a driver didn't flee after a crash.
On Sunday, September 12, attend a free screening of the film Bogotá Change, including the birth of ciclovía, at Busby's East, 5364 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles; screening starts at 4 pm, with discussion to follow at 5 pm. RSVP via EventBrite.
In Saturday's 8th stage of the Vuelta, Cofidis mountain specialist David Moncoutié takes the stage win, while Anton Igor moves into the leader's jersey. David Lopez, a domestique for the now-banned Alejandro Valverde, wins stage 9 in a solo breakaway. Britain's Team Sky withdraws from the race following the death of soigneur Txema González; the peloton observes a moment of silence in his honor.
Lance Armstrong faces yet another investigation, as arch-nemesis Floyd Landis files a federal whistlebower lawsuit; he isn't the only one, as Italian authorities widen an investigation into sprinter Alessandro Petacchi.
Three LAPD bike officers are involved in the shooting death of a knife wielding man in Westlake. Johnny Knoxville at the L.A. Bicycle File Festival, on one of Flying Pigeon's Nihola bikes. L.A. Observed writer Kevin Roderick spots Arnold and Maria, aka Gov. and Mrs. Schwarzenegger, biking on Santa Monica's Main Street; maybe they were checking out the route for that city's ciclovia. A writer for the Daily Beast says stylish women lead the increase in bike ridership across the U.S. A Colorado trucker is cited for violating the state's three-foot passing rule after striking a cyclist; yet when a Massachusetts cyclist is grazed by a passing car, it somehow does not violate that state's three-foot law. Doing Denver by bike, even if local police are targeting cyclists riding on the sidewalk. A ghost bike is installed for a 19-year old cyclist killed in New Mexico while on a cross county ride to raise money for cancer research. A Utah mountain biker is critically injured when he loses his front wheel. BikeRadar talks with Keith Bontrager; yes, that Bontrager. NYC backs off on a plan to remove ghost bikes. A retired priest rides 5,000 miles from the Pacific Northwest to Key West. Over a million cyclists have crossed a Vancouver bike bridge, but a safety expert says that isn't enough. The mother of a woman who rode into a truck while listening to headphones urges cyclist to learn from her mistake. Building a bike lane from Denmark to Deutschland. British Olympian James Cracknell gets back on his bike six weeks after nearly being killed in an Arizona collision — and just one day after being released from the hospital. London prepares for escorted bike rides as Tube workers plan a strike for Monday. Britain's heir to the throne is criticized for taking a train to promote biking as green transportation. Singapore police arrest a serial molester who stalked his victims by bike.
Finally, London Mayor BoJo, Olympic Champion Chris Hoy and model Kelly Brook lead 85,000 cyclists on a 15 kilometer tour of the City, though the tabloids note the biking Brook seemed a little wobbly, despite her high heels and high visibility top.
Category: General / Tags: Bogotá Change, cyclist killed, Milen Dimitrov, Palm Springs, Vuelta a Espana
Cyclist killed in Newport Beach; a full slate of biking events
July 16, 2010 / bikinginla / One comment
Forty-three year old Michael William Nine of Santa Ana — some reports indicate he was 47 — was killed in a collision at the intersection of Spyglass Hill Road and Harbor Ridge Drive in Newport Beach Thursday morning.
According to authorities, the collision occurred at 7:47 am as Nine was riding with a group of cyclists headed north on Spyglass Hill. He was traveling at about 30 mph at the head of the group when something caused him to lose control of his bike and slide across the road, where he collided head-on with a southbound truck; he was pronounced dead at Hoag Medical Center.
Some reports indicate that he may have lost control after he swerved to avoid a gardener's truck, however, other witnesses contradict that version of events. The other riders in the group didn't see what happened because their view of the collision blocked by a bend in the road.
It was the third fatal bicycling collision in the area in less than a year, which is about three too many.
Prayers and condolences to his family and loved ones.
Update: Jim Lyle pointed me to this comment on the Road Bike Review forum, from a cyclist who says he witnessed the collision:
For those of you that ride in the OC.
Mike Nine an avid cyclist out of Tustin was killed Thursday morning during a training ride in Newport Beach.
He crashed into the back of a stake truck as he tried to avoid the vehicle which was traveling the wrong way on the road and in the path of a group of riders.
The OC news channels have incorrectly reported that the cyclist lost control of his bike causing him to go into oncoming traffic and striking the truck. The news channels have cited that the Newport Police have been unable to determine the reason the cyclist lost control of his bike.
As 1 of the 10 witnesses of this event, I think it is important to set the record straight. Mike did not lose control of his bike and go into oncoming traffic. The truck was going the wrong up a narrow road. This caused the crash. The truck driver's negligence set this tragedy in motion.
Mark Cavendish of HTC-Columbia won his third stage of this year's Tour de France on Thursday, as teammate Mark Renshaw was kicked out of the Tour for head-butting a rival rider in a bit of argy-bargy that was caught on video during the final sprint.
Got to admit, though, Andy Schleck looks good in yellow. David Millar barely survives one of his worst days ever on a bike in stage nine, while Team RadioShack gets it's first Tour win in stage 10. And Bicycling says if Lance isn't going to win this year's Tour, he should become the first American to claim the last place Lanterne Rouge.
An open letter from Reed Bates, the Texas cyclist jailed for the crime of riding a bike.
In upcoming events, tonight (Friday) say goodbye to the LACBC's much loved and soon to be much missed Dorothy Le at Far Bar in Little Tokyo beginning at 4 pm.
Fortunately, she's not quite gone yet. This Saturday, Dorothy will join with Madeline and Lauren in hosting the How To's and Hubs Bike Ride for Ladies and Allies through the gentle streets of Downtown to encourage more women to ride by teaching the how to's of savvy cycling.
Wombyn's cycling krew — their spelling, not mine — Ovarian Psychos/Cycles rolls through the Eastside Friday night.
Summer Fix LA kicks off Friday night in Culver City, with events throughout the city all weekend. And I had to learn about this from a website in New York?
Tuesday, July 20, Mia Lehrer + Associates is hosting 5X20/SEED spotlighting the upcoming CicLAvia. Wednesday the 21st, the LACBC holds its monthly board meeting at the Encino Velodrome; the meeting starts at 7 pm, but you're invited to arrive early to meet the board members — including yours truly — and discuss the bike issues important to you. The L.A. City Planning Department will be hosting their first ever Webinar to discuss the revised draft bike plan on Thursday, July 22nd. And wrap up the week with Walk and Ride for a Safer 4th Street on Saturday the 24th.
The LACBC is hosting the 2nd Regional Meeting for bike activists from around the region on Wednesday, July 28th.
The First Annual City of Lights Awards Dinner takes place downtown on Thursday, August 12th.
The LACBC reports that the 10% set aside from Measure R funds for bike and pedestrian projects has been officially confirmed, with $3.27 million available the first year. Ground breaks on Downtown's new Civic Park, but where's the Bike Station? Even Berkeley is getting one, already. LADOT is now 2/3 of the way through their sharrows pilot project; not all sharrows are on the streets, though. Flying Pigeon has your new Nihola Danish cargo bike on sale now. The host of Travelin' Local goes car lite. Dancer a la Mode tries to get a broken-hearted driver to hang up the phone. Patrick Pogan, the now ex-NYPD cop who knocked a Critical Mass cyclist off his bike, walks with no jail time after a conviction for lying about the event; seriously, did you expect anything else? The Wall Street Journal reports that this is the season of biker chic; thanks to George Wolfberg for the link. The FBI says bike theft is on the rise nationwide as car theft is down. TreeHugger reports bike commuters show lower absenteeism and greater productivity than their four-wheeled coworkers. Shop for your next house by bike in KCMO. Missouri's St. Charles County may not be able to ban bikes, but that doesn't mean they won't try. Biking skills can come in handy off the bike, too. This animation clearly shows where to ride in traffic, and why. There's a certain indisputable logic to this comment about bike parking. London's bike superhighway hasn't even opened yet and it's already torn up for construction. A British driver who shattered a cyclist's arm is fined £90, while a woman who dropped a cigarette in the street is fined £170. Downhill/four-cross racer Dan Atherton is placed in a halo brace after fracturing two vertebrae when he missed a jump. Next up in Biking Toronto's 10 Secrets to Cycling with Traffic, ride in a straight line, play by the rules and avoid the stoplight squeeze.
Finally, powered pedals are a few cranks closer to reality.
Category: General / Tags: bicycling, cyclist killed, Los Angeles, Michael William Nine, Newport Beach
Unidentified cyclist killed in Long Beach Friday night
June 26, 2010 / bikinginla / Comments Off on Unidentified cyclist killed in Long Beach Friday night
A bicyclist was hit by a pickup around 11:46 pm Friday at Carson Street and Woodruff Avenue in Long Beach.
According to the L.A. Times, the cyclist, identified only as a 58-year old man from La Palma, was riding west on Carson when he was struck from behind by a 70-year old driver; he was pronounced dead at a local hospital.
Identification of the victim has been withheld pending notification of his next of kin.
Category: General / Tags: bicycling, cyclist killed, Long Beach
Another OC cyclist killed, another giant yawn from the local press
May 11, 2010 / bikinginla / 11 comments
One hundred words.
That all the life of an Orange County cyclist was worth today.
Allen Earl Miller, a 55-year old cyclist from Costa Mesa, was riding north on Temescal Canyon Road south of Indian Truck Trail between Corona and Lake Elsinore around 2:40 yesterday afternoon when a Ford SUV driven by Scott Reis drifted off the road for unknown reasons and struck him from behind; Miller died at the scene.
According to the Orange County Register, which offered the best coverage, no one has been arrested; the CHP is still investigating. Neither of the people in the truck were injured.
It took the Register exactly 100 words to tell the story, not counting the headline. The sum total of a life, nothing more than name, age and cause of death.
A story so insignificant, it didn't make the first 10 pages of news stories in a Google search last night or again this morning. And didn't even make the news at all just a few miles north in L.A. — then again, neither did the tragic death of Jorge Alvarado.
It's only another death on the roads.
Only another cyclist killed.
Chances are, I still wouldn't have know about Miller's death if the Claremont Cyclist hadn't picked up the story.
I cringed when I saw the image of the Ghost Bike on his site, because it meant another cyclist had died. And I hope Michael will forgive me for quoting liberally from his post. But he has something important to say.
Explain to me again how someone just drifts "off the road for an unknown reason"…. I do not think I will ever understand why there is not more widespread outrage over these incidents. Just because a cyclist has lost his life, does not mean this is solely a cycling concern – it is a societal concern. This driver could just as easily have drifted the other direction for an unknown reason, hitting a car head on instead. Indeed most crashes involving cars are with other cars, not bikes, not pedestrians. Getting and keeping people who cannot, or will not, take driving seriously off the roads benefits everyone, not just cyclists.
Metro leaks the date for the upcoming CicLAvia; evidently, I broke the story and didn't even know it. So when they make the official announcement, everybody act surprised, okay?
A great view of Highland Park as seen from a bike on a clear, sunny SoCal day. The LACBC gears up for their best ever River Ride. Metro began a bike count and survey on Tuesday. San Francisco cyclists are urged to shop locally by bike. A cyclist says she's never seen a rider stop for a stop sign; I assume that means she doesn't, either. CNN takes note of the conflict between cyclists and drivers on America's roads. A New Jersey cyclist is dragged 30 feet under the SUV of a right-hooking driver who just didn't see him, which makes it okay, right? A New York blogger comes home to discover a bike-loving friend has been seriously injured in a collision. If bicycle safety is a two-way street, why do all the articles seem to focus on wearing a helmet? A Huntsville, Alabama editorial urges both cyclists and drivers to use the roads more carefully. North Carolina cyclists debate a proposed law that would limit them to riding no more than two abreast, and just single file when cars are passing. A Detroit cyclist is critically injured when a driver hits him, then gets out of his car to pull the rider off his windshield and remove his license plates before fleeing the scene. Evidently, someone's stealing bikes from bloggers; just a week after Witch on a Bicycle had his handmade custom bike stolen, another blogger loses hers when a thief unbolts the scaffolding she'd locked it to. Maybe they should have watched this Brit Beat the Thief video first. An Oxfordshire doctor on a five-year round-the-world bike tour only makes it through Europe before his knee gives out. Giro riders complain about being forced to sit down to a midnight meal.
Finally, the Mounties always get their man — even if it's just for riding without a helmet.
Category: General / Tags: Allen Earl Miller, bicycling, cyclist killed, Orange County, Scott Reis


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Masih ada kekosongan pada 7 hingga 9 Disember 2014?


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Casey, Susan. Voices in the Ocean.
Covington, Dennis. Salvation on Sand Mountain.
Duane, Daniel. Caught Inside: A Surfer's Year on the California Coast.
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Dylan, Bob. Chronicles.
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