text:
All Hematology/Oncology
Genitourinary Cancer
Head/Neck Cancer
Melanoma/Skin Cancer
In the Journals Plus
Hematology/Oncology Topics
Integrative medicine for oncology requires 'educated, evidence-based approach'
HemOnc Today, November 10, 2018
The prevalence of integrative medicine approaches has transformed care in many specialties, perhaps none more so than oncology.
Patients often turn to these options — which range from mind-body practices such as yoga, acupuncture or meditation, to herbal or vitamin supplements or even specialized diets — in hopes they will relieve nausea, insomnia or other treatment side effects. In some cases, they seek nothing more than moments of peace or hope amid the fear and stress of chemotherapy and radiation.
In a study presented at this year's Oncology Nursing Society Congress, Hill and colleagues showed essential oil aromatherapy and 30 minutes of foot reflexology prior to brachytherapy reduced pain by 60% and anxiety by 20% among women with cervical cancer.
Although sometimes referred to as complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM, the terminology encompassing these approaches has evolved to reflect the benefits patients derive when combined with traditional anticancer treatments.
"We call it 'integrative medicine' because that's what it is — the deliberate, informed, and personalized delivery of these approaches alongside conventional care — as opposed to using these approaches as pure alternatives," Lorenzo Cohen, PhD, director of the integrative medicine program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, told HemOnc Today. "There are situations when taking an educated, evidence-informed approach exploring some of these alternative agents may lead to relief of symptoms or even antitumor effects."
Most patients use integrative therapy in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy and radiation regimens to alleviate symptoms, according to Lorenzo Cohen, PhD. "It's a very small percentage who are using these approaches alone as true alternative medicine seeking a cure. But these patients cannot — and should not — be ignored," he said.
Source: Nick de la Torre.
Although uncommon, in extreme instances, patients may discontinue conventional therapy — or, in some cases, reject it altogether — in favor of alternative approaches.
A more common problem arises when patients take herbs or supplements without knowing they might interfere with their standard treatments. Certain practices — such as yoga and meditation — generally are thought to be safe, but there are safety issues with the massive number of ingestible products on the market that do not undergo the same testing and regulation as FDA-approved pharmaceuticals.
"Under the guidance of a good integrative oncologist or medical oncologist, they may have utility, but further investigation is necessary," Cohen said.
HemOnc Today spoke with oncologists and integrative medicine specialists about techniques that may alleviate symptoms such as fatigue, pain or sexual dysfunction among patients with cancer; the potential for these approaches to cause harm; and what clinicians must know so they can have informed conversations with their patients.
Recommended approaches
Studies showed 48% to 88% of patients with cancer report using CAM as part of their therapy, according to a paper by Johnson and colleagues published this year in JAMA Oncology.
"Many of us are taking some kind of vitamin or supplement whether we have cancer or not," Gary H. Lyman, MD, MPH, senior lead in health care quality and policy at Fred Hutch's Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, told HemOnc Today. "While it may seem like a reasonable thing to do, we want to make sure patients have evidence-based information on these products."
That isn't always the case.
A study presented at this year's European Society for Medical Oncology Congress showed a majority of patients who used complementary medicines were poorly informed about safety and the risk for interactions with anticancer therapies.
Researchers surveyed 152 outpatients with sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors or desmoid tumors. About half (51%) reported using any complementary medicine in their lifetime, and 44% reported that their cancer diagnosis sparked their interest in such treatments.
Sixty percent of patients acknowledged they had insufficient knowledge about the safety of integrative medicine, and only 7% reported receiving any information about the safety of these approaches from oncologists.
"Patients mostly accessed information on complementary and alternative medicines on the internet or through other media, friends and healing professionals," study researcher Peter Hohenberger, MD, head of the division of surgical oncology at thoracic surgery at Medical Faculty Mannheim at University of Heidelberg in Germany, said in a press release. "In sharp contrast with this, when it came to finding information on side effects of cancer therapies or how to handle them, almost half of patients asked their oncologist."
Patients' low-risk perception of integrative therapy should be addressed by their oncologists, according to Markus Joerger, MD, PhD, of Cantonal Hospital in St. Gallen, Switzerland.
"Patients tend to believe that supplements or herbs are generally safe, but they are not without risk," Joerger, who was not involved with the study, said in the release. "In daily practice, if you don't know what your patient is taking as alternative medicine, the risk of drug-drug interactions can significantly increase and have an impact on clinical outcomes.
"Patients have to realize that they can discuss any health-related choices with their oncologist and be advised on different options when they wish to reduce stress related to cancer treatment, or more in general to feel better," he added.
Lyman — along with Heather Greenlee, ND, PhD, associate member of the public health sciences and clinical research divisions at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and medical director of the integrative medicine program at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance — and colleagues updated clinical practice guidelines from the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) to educate physicians about how to have such conversations.
"One of the goals of developing clinical practice guidelines is to provide clinicians and patients with the tools that they need to have a productive conversation on which complementary approaches are safe and effective," Greenlee told HemOnc Today. "It is difficult to standardize these kinds of conversations."
The SIO guidelines — endorsed by ASCO — recommend certain integrative therapies during breast cancer treatment to address a variety of symptoms, such as anxiety, stress, depression, fatigue, quality of life, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy and pain.
Greenlee and colleagues recommend music therapy, meditation, stress management and yoga for anxiety and stress; and meditation, relaxation, yoga, massage and music therapy for depression or mood disorders.
The guidelines state meditation and yoga may improve quality-of-life parameters, whereas acupressure and acupuncture are recommended for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Conversely, the guidelines state acetylLcarnitine should not be used to protect against chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy, and that there is a lack of evidence to support the use of the vast majority of ingested dietary herbs and supplements.
"We know that a large percentage of oncology patients are using or are interested in using complementary therapies," Greenlee said. "With these guidelines as a tool in hand, our hope is that more clinicians will be comfortable initiating these conversations with patients."
Potential benefits
There is limited research examining the benefit of integrative medicine approaches to manage side effects of cancer and its treatments.
Jun J. Mao, MD, MSCE, chief of the integrative medicine service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and colleagues compared 8 weeks of acupuncture with cognitive behavioral therapy among 160 cancer survivors who had been clinically diagnosed with insomnia disorder.
"We set out to do a study to answer a question between the two treatments: Which is more effective for insomnia [among] individuals with cancer?" he said during a press cast. "Our hope is that by doing this research, we can help patients and clinicians pick the right treatment for patients to manage their sleep."
Results, presented at this year's ASCO Annual Meeting, showed an 8.3-point (95% CI, 7.3-9.4) reduction in insomnia severity in the acupuncture group, compared with a 10.9-point (95% CI, 9.8-12) reduction among those who received cognitive behavioral therapy (difference, 2.6 points; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1; P = .0007).
Physical and mental health quality-of-life parameters improved among both groups, and neither group experienced noteworthy adverse events.
"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is a highly effective therapy and considered [the] gold standard of treatment; however, not everyone accepts this treatment," Mao said. "It is a highly specialized therapy that isn't quite available in many cancer centers or communities."
Acupuncture also has been shown to alleviate joint paint among patients with breast cancer.
Dawn Hershman, MD, leader of the breast cancer program at Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, and colleagues compared the effect of three approaches: real acupuncture administered in twice-weekly sessions for 6 weeks, followed by one session per week for 6 additional weeks; sham acupuncture administered in the same schedule; or no acupuncture.
Results, presented at last year's San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium showed a true statistical difference between mean Brief Pain Inventory scores for real acupuncture vs. sham acupuncture (0.92 points lower; 95% CI, 0.2-1.65; P = .01), as well as for real acupuncture vs. no treatment (0.96 points lower; 95% CI, 0.24-1.67; P = .01).
Fifty-eight percent of women who received real acupuncture had a clinically meaningful 2-point change, compared with 31% in the sham acupuncture group and 30% in the control group.
"We were motivated to think of ways of reducing joint pain caused by aromatase inhibitors because so many patients suffer with this side effect, and often patients do not want to take more medications," Hershman told HemOnc Today at the time of the presentation. "Our study gives both patients and providers confidence that this approach to treating symptoms can be effective and safe. However, not all acupuncture is the same, and we would encourage the acupuncture community who treat patients with breast cancer to read our prior publications describing the methods we used."
Acupuncture has been found to be effective for a number of symptoms, Cohen said.
"Most data show that it can be used to control nausea or pain, but there is also some evidence for hot flashes or aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias," he said. "There is also evidence that acupuncture can be used for neuropathy and sleep disorders."
Chinese medicine informs the practice of acupuncture based on "patterns of disharmony," according to Doug McDaniel, DACM, integrative medicine program manager at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Doug McDaniel
"Patients are diagnosed prior to each treatment, and specific points are chosen based upon that diagnosis that reflect the patient's pattern of disharmony at that moment in time," McDaniel said. "This means that each patient treated for chemotherapy-induced nausea may have a different pattern of disharmony and will accordingly be treated with different points based upon this pattern. This also means that each patient may present differently at each visit, and point prescriptions may be modified at each treatment session to optimize treatment effectiveness based on the pattern presenting that day."
The effects of yoga on cancer-related symptoms also have been studied extensively.
Ben-Josef and colleagues investigated whether a yoga practice could improve fatigue, erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence and overall quality of life among men with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
Men assigned yoga reported less fatigue (P < .0001) and greater improvements in sexual health scores (P = .0333) than those in the control group. Researchers reported improved quality of life in terms of emotional, physical and social scores, but not functional scores.
A range of mindfulness techniques — from the traditional, such as yoga and meditation, to the more experimental, such as hypnosis, guided imagery or dichromatic breathing — can be useful for patients with cancer, Cohen said.
"There is a fair amount of evidence that some of these techniques, particularly yoga, can improve fatigue and sleep parameters," he said. "Patients report improvements in cancer-related symptoms."
Stress and anxiety also may be improved through meditation, music therapy and yoga, Lyman said.
"However, most of the data are in breast cancer at the moment," he said.
Researchers at Roswell Park are studying integrative therapies like mindfulness, McDaniel said.
"Although there is evidence that acupuncture, mindfulness, yoga and others help patients, we also know that more research needs to be done," he said.
McDaniel urged people to be cautious about esoteric modalities.
"Some of them have little to no data supporting their use," he added.
Potential harm
Not all studies of integrative medicine have proven positive.
A study by Amraoui and colleagues, published in August in JAMA Network Open, showed that a 15-minute hypnosis session before general anesthesia offered benefits regarding fatigue, anxiety and patient satisfaction among women undergoing breast cancer surgery. However, the intervention did not reduce postoperative pain, the study's primary endpoint.
Beyond a lack of benefit, some integrative medicines — particularly supplements or herbs — may be detrimental to patient safety.
In a study by McCune and colleagues, 76 patients undergoing cancer treatment completed a questionnaire to assess herb and vitamin use. The researchers investigated the frequency of interactions between herbs or vitamins and chemotherapy; communication between doctors and patients regarding these treatments; and potential interactions with chemotherapy.
Results showed herbs or vitamins were used by 78% of patients, 27% of whom were potentially at risk for a drug-drug interaction.
More than 85% of the cohort reported willingness to discontinue herb or vitamin use in light of suspicion of a detrimental interaction.
"There is not enough good research supporting the use of herbs and supplements during cancer treatment," McDaniel said. "The problem with many studies that have been performed is the methodology and small sample sizes, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions. My philosophy is that any modality must first be proven to be safe. If there is no evidence of safety, then that modality should not be considered."
Further, the FDA does not regulate these products, Cohen said.
"Contaminants could be present or the level of bioactive substances may be not what is listed on the label," he said. "In fact, it is these bioactive substances that are the reason they purportedly have a beneficial effect on symptoms and tumor growth in the first place and, if they are not regulated, this could cause a problem."
Drug-herb interactions should raise as many red flags as drug-drug interactions, such as the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression during chemotherapy, Cohen added.
"This type of metabolic overlap is always of concern," he said. "That said, there is some evidence — at least in breast cancer — that ginseng can alleviate fatigue, and ginger may be useful for controlling nausea. Outside of those areas, it becomes a bit more challenging."
In a study published in 2016 in Cancer, Ben-Arye and colleagues found that herbal medicine use had several potential negative effects.
Researchers distributed a questionnaire to 339 health care professionals in the Middle East, where herbal medicine use is prevalent, to assess herbal supplement used by their patients.
They identified 44 herbal and three nonherbal supplements, 29 of which had safety concerns. Fifteen herbs altered pharmacodynamics with traditional cancer drugs, 18 herbs had direct toxic effects and seven herbs increased in vitro response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
"It is important to consider that any supportive care or CAM treatment that a patient seeks out needs to be evidence-based," McDaniel said. "It is important to know that it is safe and that it will not negatively impact the effectiveness of their conventional treatment regimen. It also is important to know that it will most likely have a positive effect on treating the symptom or supporting their health."
Refusing standard treatment
A study published this year in JAMA Oncology revealed that the use of alternative medicine in place of conventional treatments was associated with decreased survival among patients with curable cancer.
This increased mortality risk appeared driven largely by the fact that patients who chose alternative medicine were more likely to refuse conventional cancer therapy.
"The fact that complementary medicine use is associated with higher refusal of proven cancer treatments, as well as increased risk for death, should give providers and patients pause," study author Skyler Johnson, MD, chief resident in radiation oncology at Yale School of Medicine, said in a press release. "Unfortunately, there is a great deal of confusion about the role of complementary therapies. Although they may be used to support patients experiencing symptoms from cancer treatment, it looks as though they are either being marketed or understood to be effective cancer treatments."
Johnson and colleagues compared OS among patients with nonmetastatic breast, prostate, lung or colorectal cancers treated with complementary medicine (n = 258) or without (n = 1,032).
Results showed a greater proportion of patients who received complementary medicine refused surgery (7% vs. 0.1%), chemotherapy (43.1% vs. 3.2%), radiotherapy (53% vs. 2.3%) and hormone therapy (33.7% vs. 2.8%; P < .001 for all).
Fewer patients who received complementary therapy achieved 5-year OS (82.2% vs. 86.6%; P = .001).
Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association between complementary therapy and mortality risk (HR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.5-2.9). However, when treatment delay or refusal rates were factored into the multivariate model, the association lost significance (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.83-2.33).
"Supplements are occasionally associated with early termination of chemotherapy," Lyman said. "In short, many patients are or become distrustful of conventional therapies."
Johnson and colleagues defined complementary medicine as "other" or "unproven" treatments administered by nonmedical personnel. However, it is unclear whether the findings from this study are often observed among patients who practice yoga, meditation or mindfulness approaches, according to Lyman.
"The studies that have been done on the subject of patients rejecting or discontinuing traditional therapies are fraught with confounding factors, including that patients who make this choice are often self-selecting," he said. "These are not prospective, randomized controlled trials. They may not be the same types of patients who use integrative approaches in a complementary fashion to alleviate symptoms."
For Cohen, it's a matter of numbers.
"The vast majority of patients are either using only conventional chemotherapy and/or radiation regimens, etc, or they're using integrative medicine to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes," he said. "It's a very small percentage who are using these approaches alone as true alternative medicine seeking a cure. But these patients cannot — and should not — be ignored."
Talking with patients
Emerging data suggest clinicians are not discussing integrative approaches with their patients, and that they do not feel they have enough knowledge of the subject.
"As we know patients are using these therapies, it's unethical not to have these conversations," Cohen said.
Chang and colleagues assessed knowledge and attitudes about complementary medicine in a cohort of 219 patients, 301 volunteers without cancer and 156 health care professionals.
More than half (58.8%) of health care professionals reported their knowledge of complementary medicine was inadequate, and 79.2% reported not being up to date with available evidence.
"Many people in the field believe we shouldn't be talking about these things or discussing any treatments in the absence of large randomized controlled trials," Lyman said. "But, even if patients are using therapies that are not recommended or don't have supporting evidence, they should not be dismissed or shut out. It is more important that the provider know what the patient is taking, regardless of what it is."
Lee and colleagues sent a survey to 1,000 random ASCO members to determine communication patterns about integrative approaches, including physician education about herbs and supplements, discussion with patients regarding their use and knowledge of adverse events.
Results, published this year in Journal of Clinical Oncology, showed that 41% of 392 oncologists discussed use of herbs and supplements with patients, but only 26% of those discussions were initiated by the oncologist. Approximately two-thirds of oncologists reported insufficient knowledge on the topic, while 59% reported receiving no education about these approaches.
"We have seen that integrative medicine is not addressed often enough," Lyman said. "In some cases, the doctor fails to initiate the discussion and, in others, the patient is either embarrassed about their use or doesn't think it's relevant to what they're doing."
Conversations surrounding integrative medicine should be holistic, McDaniel said.
"I like to ask how they are feeling at this moment, what things in their life have changed, what things can they no longer do that they would still like to do, and what their health and wellness goals are during and after treatment," he said. "I try to look at the whole person and to help the patient realize they are not their disease, and that what is happening right now is not necessarily going to be forever.
"I start by asking what is troubling them most and then offer small, achievable suggestions to integrate appropriate supportive care modalities into their treatment regimen," McDaniel added. "The closer to diagnosis that I can get a patient on board with this, the better."
Safety should be a critical component of these discussions, Cohen said.
"We encourage our patients to turn to a well-known, safe behavioral strategy to control a symptom rather than a pharmacological product," he said. "[Patients with cancer] are on so many different treatments that if there is a nonpharmacological approach, we recommend trying that first."
Many integrative therapies can be quite costly to pursue, and patients may be wasting money that could be better spent on proven approaches such as diet and exercise, McDaniel said. Rather, clinicians should steer patients toward fundamentals of good health.
"Lifestyle choices that support enhancing [the health and well-being of a person with cancer] are key to helping alleviate symptoms that may arise from either their treatment or their disease," he said, citing proper nutrition, regular exercise, hydration, rest and stress management as cornerstones. "I also recommend patients do something that they like every day that is just for them. This could be listening to music, reading a book, watching a movie, talking a walk in nature or journaling — whatever it is that helps to support them living in the moment and enjoying life."
Despite the prevalence of analyses evaluating various integrative approaches, experts with whom HemOnc Today spoke still emphasized a need for sound data on their use.
"Studies need to be designed to look at real-world situations of how the modality is practiced on a daily basis," McDaniel said. "For example, true acupuncture was compared to sham acupuncture in an effort to develop standardized point protocols to treat specific symptoms. Results showed there was no difference between the true and sham acupuncture groups, but there was usually a positive difference between both true and sham acupuncture and conventional care if that was included in the study."
Although herbal medicines are those most likely to cause an interaction with anticancer therapies, studies have suggested they could carry antitumor effects.
For example, plant-derived polyphenols, flavonoids and brassinosteroids have been studied as potential anticancer agents, according to Greenwell and Rahman. Such medicinal plants may induce antioxidant activity, inhibition of cancer cell growth, induction of apoptosis, target specificity and cancer cell cytotoxicity.
Thus, it also would be beneficial to have more basic science on herbal medicine, McDaniel said.
"Some of the research that has been done has shown that a particular herb and a particular chemotherapeutic agent are both effective in eradicating the same cancer cell; however, the mechanism of action is different for each agent," he said. "This could lead to using these two different approaches in the same treatment to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment."
As it stands, the fact integrative medicine is such a broad category may inhibit understanding of its use.
"We need to distinguish more clearly among the many types of integrative therapies, and we need to understand more clearly who is more likely to use which approaches," Lyman said. "We also need to look more closely at who is using them to alleviate symptoms and who is using them in place of conventional therapy."
Increased knowledge surrounding all of these areas may lead to improved access for important symptom relief, as well as greater physician acceptance of their benefits, Cohen said.
"The more we know about these approaches and products, that will bring us one step closer to insurance coverage for them," he said. — by Rob Volansky
Click here to read the , "Should hem/oncs recommend integrative therapies to their patients?"
Amraoui J, et al. JAMA Network Open. 2018;doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1164.
Ben-Arye E, et al. Cancer. 2016;doi:10.1002/cncr.29796.
Ben-Josef AM, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.043.
Chang KH, et al. BMC Cancer. 2011;doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-196.
Greenlee H, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;doi:10.3322/caac.21397.
Greenwell M and Rahman PK. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12.
Hershman DL, et al. Abstract GS4-04. Presented at: San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; Dec. 5-9, 2017; San Antonio.
Hill C, et al. The effect of aromatherapy and foot reflexology on pain and anxiety during brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Presented at: Oncology Nursing Society Congress; May 17-20, 2018; Washington, D.C.
Johnson SB, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018;doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2487.
Lee RT et al. J Clin Oncol. 2018.doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.55.8676.
Lyman GH, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2018;doi:10.1200/JCO.2018.79.2721.
Mao JJ, et al. Abstract 10001. Presented at: ASCO Annual Meeting; June 1-5, 2018; Chicago.
McCune JS, et al. Support Care Cancer. 2004;12:454-62.
Sungu-Winkler K-T, et al. Abstract 1655P-PR. Presented at: ESMO Congress; Oct. 19-23, 2018.
Lorenzo Cohen, MD, can be reached at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030; email: lcohen@mdanderson.org.
Heather Greenlee, ND, PhD, can be reached at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA, 98109-1024; email: hgreenlee@fredhutch.org.
Gary H. Lyman, MD, MPH, can be reached at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA, 98109-1024; email: glyman@fredhutch.org.
Jun J. Mao, MD, MSCE, can be reached at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065; email: maoj@mskcc.org.
Doug McDaniel, DACM, can be reached at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY 14263; email: douglas.mcdaniel@roswellpark.org.
Disclosures: Cohen, Greenlee, Lyman, Mao and McDaniel report no relevant financial disclosures.
PAGE BREAK


Setting the bar high for quality and innovation, Paul & Shark's Aqua leather jacket combines high-te..
Raey's red hiking jacket is crafted from a mid-weight cotton-blend ripstop to protect you from the e..
Three-Quarter Sleeve Mink Jacket From Yves Salomon One Hook And Eye Front Closure With Wide Band Col..
Black biker jacket from Acne Studios. Two-way zip and snaps fastenings. Adjusta..
Ease your wardrobe into the new season with the lightweight Umaro jacket from AllSaints. Cut with a ..
Demna Gvasalia fuses a retro-inflected sensibility with his logomania theme for Balenciaga's Pre-AW1..
Bargain editions M.R Bonaparte Checked Linen-blend Jacket Grey Mens Blazers In Year.
Red quilted down jacket with collar band from Emporio Armani. Zip fastening. 2 ..
A practical layer in cotton, Nina Ricci's parka is the ultimate in statement outerwear with exaggera..
This sand-beige cotton trench from OAMC is a modern iteration of a classic, and we love how it will ..
The "375 Patch Pocket" jacket is a hallmark of Officine Générale's. Its classic cut, versatile navy ..


text:
Front Forty in URB Magazine
URB's January/February issue contains a lovely little article by Dani Deahl about Front Forty Press...
"Chicago's Front Forty Press is undoubtedly the dark horse of the art book world. Started just a few years ago as a virtual publishing house, Front Forty has gained steam in the past two years, jumpstarted by a feature at P.S.1 MoMA, and now boasts six acclaimed titles in circulation with several more planned for 2008.
Doug Fogelson, the man behind Front Forty, is just as much of a curiosity as the press itself. The straight-laced man in a pinstripe suit hardly seems like the person who would publish the racially charged graphic novel The Hole. Other books range from the ponderings over built environments in Sonneteer to Matt Volla's Unruly Drawings, a sketchbook chronicling the misadventures of tiny drawn creatures. However, the biggest success for Front Forty thus far has been Graffitecture, a visual thesis where Fogelson provided photographs of high end spaces to well known graffiti artists to do with as they pleased. Accompanied by four essays on graffiti, the book is as much about musing as it is markers and wound up winning best design 2007 at the Hollywood Book Festival.
A recent distribution deal with the University of Chicago Press mans that big box retailers will soon carry Front Forty releases, as well as the small independent shops and museum stores that Fogelson contacts directly. Despite the hard work, he admits the sudden success is a bit puzzling. "People have really responded to the books, which is suprising," he says. "Everyone's been trying to figure our who we are and what we're about. Our philosophy is [that] if we think something is interesting enough, we make a book out of it."
Posted by ryanne at 1/30/2008 0 comments
Front Forty Press
Front Forty Press is a small publisher focused on artistic projects. A Front Forty project is one that embodies uninhibited creativity and deals with current topics. The work can be functional, political, ecological or simply expressive. What matters most at Front Forty Press is the cultivation and communication of ideas.
www.front40press.com
F40's Favorite Blogs
Bad at Sports
Episode 698: Howardena Pindell
StepSister Press
The ART Letter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Composite decking that's a sustainable alternative to tropical hardwoods, providing an easy-care, slip ... Fast, easy installation on timber or QwickBuild? ... IS ECODECKING SUITABLE FOR OVER WATERPROOF MEMBRANE DECKS?
Apr 6, 2016 ... A floating deck tile by Eco Deck & Eco Arbor Designs. ... many custom decks every year, especially waterproof decks over living spaces. ... that has been building their reputation and products for modular decking for 10 years.
Oct 2, 2013 ... This video outlines how to installation of a floating deck using our ... a deck over waterproof membrane | QWICKBUILD + ECO-DECKING.
Deck & Porch Railings (191) · Deck Boards (243) · Deck Fascia (34) · Deck Posts & Post Sleeves (37) · Deck Stairs (133) · Deck Tiles (157) · Post Caps (61).
Trex has eco friendly composite deck systems Recycling ... high-performance, eco-friendly decking products that help create the perfect outdoor living space. ... There's no sanding, staining, or painting - just simple soap-and-water cleanup.


text:
View more on these topicsNews Serious Fraud Office
SFO arrests fifth man over London Capital & Finance collapse
By Daniela Esnerova	 20th June 2019 3:09 pm
The boss of the online marketing company that made millions from advertising unregulated investment products of collapsed London Capital and Finance has been arrested by the Serious Fraud Office.
The SFO arrested and questioned the founder of Brighton-based digital marketing company Surge Financial Paul Careless on Wednesday.
Careless was then released on bail and has not been charged pending further investigation.
In a statement a Surge spokesman said: "Paul Careless has not been charged and he is not on bail.
"Surge was a third party supplier of services used in relation to raising investment for LC&F. It did not handle client money and had no involvement in the deployment of funds to borrowing companies."
An SFO spokesman also said in a statement: "On 19 June 2019, search warrants were executed at several properties in the Home Counties.
"One individual was arrested and released pending further investigation. The operation was conducted with the assistance of the National Crime Agency."
Surge was contracted by the LC&F to raise capital from investors. It raised £237m from investors on behalf of LC&F and received 25 per cent commission, having spent around £26m on the advertising, according to reports. It spent 90 per cent of the budget on advertising via Google.
SFO and the FCA arrested four people in relation to the LC&F collapse in March.
Collapsed mini-bond investor money traced to four men
LC&F fell into default in January, a month after the FCA issued it with an order to take down promotional material of the bonds, ruling they were "misleading, not fair and unclear".
The Evening Standard first reported the arrest.
Investments Investments Multi manager Multi-asset
Editor's note: DFMs must stay close to advisers to win the ground war
I've said it before and I'll say it again; it's a good time to be a discretionary fund manager. Provided, that is, you stay modern and relevant. We're at a stage where some think demand for DFMs has peaked; all those life planners who wanted to make the switch to outsourcing investments post-RDR have already […]
Investments Equities Investments Regulation
MPs quiz Hargreaves on Woodford links
Treasury select committee chair Nicky Morgan has written to Hargreaves Lansdown chief executive Chris Hill with a host of questions around its links to the Woodford Equity Income fund. The fund appeared on the platform's Wealth 50 list before its suspension last week, and Hargreaves had been a bullish supporter of Woodford, even as other […]
12th June 2019 8:41 am
Protection Advisers Business Protection
Tony Mudd: Get parents to pay children's protection policies
Instead of looking for innovations, we should seek to create new meanings for new audiences, based on used ideas My last article for Money Marketing appeared to accuse advisers of stifling innovation and, as you can imagine, comments were made. In my defence, I was doing so less by way of criticism and more by […]
19th June 2019 2:10 pm
Neptune Investment Management Equities Equities Technology
Streaming Wars: profit or blood
"Much like Game of Thrones, there's a ridiculous number of players, many with complex and intertwining relationships, all vying for the top spot, and some of them are going to have to be killed off." As Game of Thrones came to a rather disappointing conclusion, we here at Neptune are left wondering whether it closes […]
Editor's note: The future of retirement planning looks bright(ish)
Given that some of the finest retirement planning minds in the UK gathered for the Money Marketing Retirement Summit last week, we could hardly pass up the chance to devote our lead feature in this edition to the future of later life advice. Where we saw an opportunity to learn from the best and brightest, […]
Regulation Pensions Regulation
Regulators 'to blame' for failed FSCS pension transfer loss claim
A complainant says confusion over the listing of a company's former trading name on the FCA and the Gibraltarian regulators' registers means they are unable to seek compensation for a £100,000 loss. In a final report, Complaints Commissioner Antony Townsend said he would not uphold the claim that listing former trading names is what prevented […]
Investments Economy Investments
Adrian Boulding: Difference between inflation measures balloon over time
If you're building an investment portfolio for retirement savings, it's a good idea to include some assets with returns that are linked to inflation. Index-linked gilts and National Savings Certificates are two examples. However, increasingly some of these assets remain linked to the older RPI while others link to the newer CPI. The selection of […]
Investments Advisers Annuities Bonds Distribution Retirement
Clive Waller: Investment values – calling out the lies
Old wives' tales persist in the face of uncomfortable truths about the value of investments


Our passion is helping our field and partners win against our biggest competitors in this space, particularly OpenOffice and MySQL.
So there you have the explicit admission that OpenOffice.org is a "biggest competitor" to Microsoft Office and MySQL is a "biggest competitor" to Microsoft SQL Server. All in all, they are also "biggest competitor[s]" to Microsoft's core business as a whole.
"All in all, they are also "biggest competitor[s]" to Microsoft's core business as a whole."Microsoft's offerings are overpriced and they do not support standards (data is not easily portable, i.e. lock-in prevails). Microsoft needs people to persuade businesses to look away from Free software. Sounds familiar? It ought to (more here).
As explained previously, Microsoft prefers stepping over to rival territories. It's seemingly doable when rivalry reaches only a minority and OpenLogic provides data such as location of business 'threats'.
We gave an example of this yesterday. Remember what happened to XenSource after Microsoft had intervened. Here is where things stand today.
Tony Asaro, who recently joined Virtual Iron as Chief Strategy Officer, pointed out that the Xen technology is also the result of the efforts of others, therefore the results are not owned by Citrix.
Acquiring a virtualization company is easy, especially if you can pay an high price for it, retaining its community maybe a more difficult task, though.
Dissipation of a community is a nasty and anti-social strategy, but it's not the only one in Microsoft's books.
A strategy of approaching the feeble on verge of defecting will prevail as long as the whack-a-mole methodology is 'scalable'. But software of this kind (GPL) explodes in popularity, so Microsoft's plan is hardly maintainable. MySQL is downloaded about 70,000 times per day and OpenOffice.org is reportedly downloaded, on average, 1.2 million times per week.


text:
Walmart invests in Chinese e-commerce with $50m New Dada deal
By RJ Whitehead
Related tags: Food, Codex alimentarius, Food safety
The world's biggest retailer will make a US$50m strategic investment in New Dada, China's largest local on-demand logistics and grocery e-commerce platform
Walmart said the investment was an extension of its broader agreement with JD.com, one of China's biggest B2C online retailers, and co-operation with New Dada.
The latter agreement includes the use of New Dada's network to offer customers two-hour delivery on groceries ordered from Walmart stores through the JD Daojia Dada app.
The investment will help Walmart target Chinese shoppers with faster delivery times in a popular but fiercely competitive online grocery market. New Dada has over 25m registered customers and delivers in over 300 Chinese cities.
The two-hour delivery service is available to customers within a 3km radius of any of some 20 Walmart stores that are currently part of the programme. Though this number is small compared to the chain's 426 stores in nearly 170 cities, the number of stores offering two-hour delivery is expected to double by the end of the year.
New Dada, an independent joint-venture of JD.com and Dada, has an established local on-demand delivery network and boasts more than 25m registered users. Deliveries are made by some 2.5m crowd-sourced riders across more than 300 cities in China.
"Our alliance with JD and cooperation with New Dada will enable seamless shopping to millions of customers across China," said Doug McMillon, Walmart's chief executive.
Philip Kuai, chief executive of New Dada, said the investment wouldbring together the global retail leader and China's largest grocery delivery network.
"Combining New Dada's unparalleled delivery network with Walmart stores means consumers will enjoy convenient access to a wide range of high-quality goods delivered to their homes and offices in record time. We look forward to deepening our cooperation with Walmart as China's O2O retail industry continues to evolve and grow," Kuai added.
Walmart, which has made e-commerce a key component of its global strategy, has been investing heavily in China to bolster its supply chain's capabilities.
Yesterday we reported how Walmart had been part of a successful team effort to find a way to use blockchain technology to track pork shipments.
This could prove to be a game-changer for food safety in China, as digital information such as farm origin, abattoir and processing record and shipping details are digitally connected to the food product, with the information grouped together in the blockchain.
More stories from China…
Starbucks appoints insider as new China chief
Starbucks China has promoted Belinda Wong to chief executive as the company prepares to double its store count by 2021.
Wong, who is elevated from the role of president of the company, has been instrumental in Starbucks' already monumental growth in China. Since 2011, the company has grown from 400 stores to over 2,300.
As chief executive, she will oversee Starbucks' plans to operate 5,000 stores in China by 2021. She will continue to report to John Culver, the company's group president.
"Over the past five years, Belinda's vision, experience and push for innovation has elevated Starbucks in the hearts and minds of the Chinese people and created a strong foundation for Starbucks growth in China," said Culver.
Wong, who joined Starbucks in 2000 and has held a number of leadership roles across Asia-Pacific, said that the chain's continuing expansion was not in doubt: "There continue to be tremendous opportunities for Starbucks in China," she said.
China proposes tougher penalties in food safety law draft
Chinese officials have published a draft revision to food safety laws that stipulate stricter online food sale rules and stiffer punishments.
The draft, published by the State Council's Legislative Affairs Office, stipulates liabilities for food producers as well as operators of online sales platforms for food safety violations.
According to the draft, a tighter reins should be kept on suppliers who have been convicted of food safety offences, and sales platforms should co-ordinate to immediately stop selling the offender's goods.
The draft says China's food safety law and regulations should also be applied to imports and exports of food through e-commerce channels.
In cases when inedible substances are found, producers and business operators will be obliged to present proper evidence or they will be held liable for food additive violations.
Officials, the industry and the public have been given until November 19 to comment on the draft regulations.
Related topics: Business, Industry growth, China, East Asia
Cracka Wines to be first Aussie company to crowd-source equity funding
Taiwan e-commerce platform turns to blockchain for traceability
WeChat joins Starbucks with gifting and mobile payment platform


text:
Download The Traitor's Wife by Susan Higginbotham PDF Free
December 2, 2017 Fiction, Novels
Download The Traitor's Wife by Susan Higginbotham free book in PDF format. The novel "The Traitor's Wife" is a truly shining example of historical fiction of intrigue, betrayal, loyalty and passion.
Description of The Traitor's Wife by Susan Higginbotham PDF
"The Traitor's Wife" is one of the best novels from historical fiction. It is written by great novelist Susan Higginbotham. Susan is a great author who meticulously researched historical fiction brought to life by her heartfelt writing delights readers. She also runs her own historical history blog, History Refreshed by Susan Higginbotham, and owns a bulletin board, Historical Fiction Online. Her novel "The Traitor's Wife" is a truly shining example of historical fiction of intrigue, betrayal, loyalty, and passion.
Excellent characterizations and top-notch research and storytelling elevate this novel to the top for many readers. There is also the occasional spark of tactlessness, ruthless pursuit of money, or overconfidence when dealing with enemies. Small details such as fashion and societal interactions show the intimate side of medieval life. Another good thing about this read is that a vast amount of information provided about the politics of the era and the brewing conflict brought on by Edward's ineptness for kingship. Good and bad, Susan creates an incredible balance in her characterization that is second to none. You can also Download The Paris Wife by Paula McLain PDF Free.
Details About The Traitor's Wife by Susan Higginbotham PDF
Name: The Traitor's Wife
Author: Susan Higginbotham
Publish Date: April 1, 2009
Genere: Novel
Click on the button given below to download "The Traitor's Wife" complete PDF novel. It is a truly shining example of historical fiction of intrigue, betrayal, loyalty and passion by Susan Higginbotham.


text:
Les placentaires (Placentalia) forment une infra-classe très diversifiée de mammifères thériens caractérisés par le fait qu'ils accouchent des juvéniles par contraste avec les marsupiaux qui accouchent de larves ou les monotrèmes qui pondent des œufs. Cela est rendu possible par la présence d'un placenta, plus développé et plus complexe que chez les marsupiaux, ce qui leur a donné leur nom. Leur apparition remonterait à environ 150 millions d'années d'après l'horloge moléculaire.

Placentalia se définit comme un groupe-couronne ayant parfois le rang de cohorte ou d'infra-légion. La dénomination d'Eutheria est souvent utilisée puisque toutes les espèces existantes de ce groupe sont placentaires mais ce clade est élargi à tous les taxons fossiles plus proches des placentaires que des marsupiaux.

Caractéristiques
La caractéristique la plus populaire de ce groupe : le développement de la progéniture se passe en majeure partie au sein de l'utérus maternel grâce à un placenta permettant beaucoup plus d'échanges entre la mère et ladite progéniture. On distingue notamment un stade embryonnaire et un stade fœtal, au contraire des marsupiaux qui n'ont que le stade embryonnaire avant de naître à l'état larvaire. L'examen du pelvis d'Eomaia semble indiquer que les euthériens non placentaires naissaient précocement, au stade larvaire comme des marsupiaux.

Parmi les autres caractéristiques qui singularisent les placentaires des non placentaires au sein des euthériens (y compris fossiles) :
 on note la disparition des os épipubiques ;
 la profondeur et l'ouverture du pelvis sont aussi plus larges, d'où un dimorphisme sexuel du bassin toujours présent, bien qu'il ne se base plus sur la présence ou l'absence des os épipubiques ;
 de même le baculum est un trait plésiomorphe chez les placentaires ;
 il existe aussi de petites différences au niveau de l'articulation des tarses et de la cheville, ainsi que pour la denture comme la disparition de la rainure meckelienne.

Classification

Liste des ordres actuels
 Super-ordre Afrotheria :
 ordre Afrosoricida Stanhope, 1998 : taupes dorées, tenrecs... ;
 ordre Hyracoidea Huxley, 1869 : damans ;
 ordre Macroscelidea Butler, 1956 : musaraignes à trompe ;
 ordre Proboscidea Illiger, 1811 : éléphants, mammouth... ;
 ordre Sirenia Illiger, 1811 : dugongs et lamantins ;
 ordre Tubulidentata Huxley, 1872 : l'oryctérope.
 Super-ordre Xenarthra :
 ordre Cingulata Illiger, 1811 : tatous ;
 ordre Pilosa Flower, 1883 : fourmiliers et paresseux.
 Clade Boreoeutheria :
 super-ordre Euarchontoglires :
 ordre Dermoptera Illiger, 1811 : colugos,
 ordre Lagomorpha Brandt, 1855 :  lapins, lièvres et pikas,
 ordre Primates Linnaeus, 1758 : singes, lémuriens, tarsiers, humain...,
 ordre Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 : rongeurs,
 ordre Scandentia Wagner, 1855 : toupayes... ;
 super-ordre Laurasiatheria :
 ordre Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 : caniformes (canidés, ours, pinnipèdes...) et féliformes (félidés, hyènes, civettes...),
 ordre Cetartiodactyla Montgelard , 1997 : artiodactyles et cétacés,
 ordre Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 : chauve-souris,
 ordre Erinaceomorpha Gregory, 1910 : hérissons,
 ordre Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 : équidés, rhinocéros, tapirs... ;
 ordre Pholidota Weber, 1904 : pangolins,
 ordre Soricomorpha Gregory, 1910 : taupes, musaraignes...

Phylogénie

Au sein des thériens
Les mammifères placentaires sont ancrés dans la branche des euthériens, parallèlement aux marsupiaux dans celle des métathériens.
La datation de l'ancêtre commun des placentaires est sujette à controverse. Les études de phylogénie moléculaire font remonter les grands groupes modernes de placentaires et leur dernier ancêtre commun au milieu du Crétacé (entre 90 et 105 millions d'années), mais cette datation est remise en cause, notamment par une étude combinant traits génétiques et morphologiques, et la date d'apparition des mammifères placentaires pourrait être de 65 millions d'années, soit entre  et  après l'extinction Crétacé-Tertiaire des dinosaures non aviens suggérant ainsi le scénario d'une explosion radiative.

Phylogénie interne
La plupart des études s'accordent à reconnaître quatre super-ordres au sein des mammifères placentaires : Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires et Laurasiatheria, les deux derniers regroupés dans le clade Boreoeutheria. Les relations entre ces autres groupes font débat, mais la phylogénie suivante se détache :

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Mammalia (classification phylogénétique)
 Règne animal, eucaryote, chordé, tétrapode.

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Infra-classe de mammifères (nom scientifique)
Taxon décrit en 1837

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
9/11: Top lessons learned for disaster recovery
Aging East Coast infrastructure a concern after quake
Should CIOs Have a Foreign Policy?
Grow your data center with colocation
How to prep IT for Hurricane Irene
Focus on people, documents, revenue-producing systems and network capacity
By Lucas Mearian
Senior Reporter, Computerworld |
With some meteorologists predicting Hurricane Irene could be the worst storm to hit the Northeast in 50 years, IT and business managers need to get some basics about disaster preparedness right.
By the time the storm makes landfall along the mid-Atlantic coast this weekend, forecasters expect it to pack powerful winds in excess of 100mph, posing a variety of "extreme" threats that include flooding, power outages and damaged water supply systems.
It's likely that many workers will not be able to, or may not want to, report for work on Monday due to damage to their homes and concern for family members. That means companies will have to rely on remote employees using VPNs.
"Everyone assumes it'll be all hands on deck, but what's the first thing everyone's worried about? Their family and homes," Bill Peldzus, a vice president at the IT consultancy Glasshouse, said Thursday. "If I was in New York, I would have declared an emergency today."
Peldzus recommends six basic steps for preparedness.
Make sure all company data is backed up off site
Declare an emergency early to get a head start on working out kinks that will inevitably come
Know what's going on with your staff from a professional and personal standpoint
Focus on systems and workflows that pull in revenue
Over-communicate with employees, customers and, for large corporations, stock holders about what you're doing
Be prepared for long-term impacts even if you're not directly hit; power and communications may be out for a while.
"A hurricane is one of the few things companies can prepare for in advance. That affords companies an opportunity they don't typically have when there's a disaster," Peldzus said.
SMBs are the least prepared
While large companies have to be concerned with the details of disaster recovery plans, small- to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are at higher risk because of their general lack of preparedness.
"My biggest advice to SMBs is to have a very thoughtful conversation with the IT team about the possible scenarios that impact them," said David Chapa, a senior analyst with Enterprise Strategy Group.
Sharon Machlis:
Hurricane Irene apps, maps and more
Al Berman, executive director of the Disaster Recovery Institute International (DRI) in New York City, said that if companies focus on three things -- employee resources, network capacity and critical documents -- they'll come away from the hurricane in pretty good shape.
"One of the things we see when we get lots of water is destruction of documents, including their charter, the checking stuff and all the information they really need to do business," he said. "Even for large companies, make sure you've got all the documents you need -- both electronically and on paper -- out of there."
Berman also said businesses fail to realize that while people worry the Internet will go down during a storm, it's about having enough concurrent VPN sessions so that employees can work remotely.
"Everyone always worries that the Internet is going down. Well, transaction processing uses the least amount of resources on the Internet. While graphics and music uses the most," he said. "It won't be the Internet that fails but the VPN."
Have your head in the cloud
Enterprise Strategy Group on Thursday released a new report on replication technologies that are available for business continuity and disaster recovery.
Particularly advantageous for SMBs are cloud services, which now offer enterprise-class disaster recovery capabilities at a cost that's affordable. But, don't hog the bandwidth. The more data you want to recover, the more it'll cost you. So store only what you need to get the business running again, and not up to full speed.
When choosing a cloud service provider, make sure you consider where they're located. If they're on your power grid, don't use them.
"A business may think they're pretty well covered because they're replicating data to an offsite data center miles away, but it may be on same power grid as their office building," Berman said.
One other point to remember is that while a disaster may strike entire regions or coastlines, companies - no matter how large - must learn to react locally.
For example, find out how your municipal Office of Emergency Management, local fire department and electrical utility is planning to react if outages occur.
Companies should have cots, flashlights, food and water on hand for employees who may need to stay in the building during the storm to ensure they can restore systems after it passes.
Chapa said businesses must identify alternative forms of communications for employees, such as text messaging over cellular phones.
Examine your data: What's critical?
"Think of it from an end-user perspective. What are most the most critical data assets. Put them together as part of a solid plan for what it takes to recover," Chapa said.
If your company has a large sales organization, and you predominantly drive business through a call center, then you should have a backup call center in place, along with a list of clients both on paper and in a database.
For SMBs, the question to ask is: What generates revenue? Make sure those systems can be up and functioning in a different location before anything else. "If people are placing orders and you're doing e-commerce, that's your focus. You don't care about HR or payroll," Peldzus said.
Also, consider call trees - or methods of who and how to notify key employees of what's needed after a disaster.
"I had a client in Chicago several years ago who had a call tree, but it was in their facility. During the disaster, they couldn't get into that facility, so they weren't able to get the right people lined up to recover systems," Chapa said.
Last but not least, let the disaster recovery team you've put together do its job. Experts say executives often try to usurp a recovery team's authority after a disaster, which can lead to the failure to recover in a timely manner.
"They go off plan so they don't execute as well as they should," Chapa said. "That's where a lot of companies get wrapped around the axle."
Lucas Mearian covers storage, disaster recovery and business continuity, financial services infrastructure and health care IT for Computerworld. Follow Lucas on Twitter at @lucasmearian or subscribe to Lucas's RSS feed . His e-mail address is lmearian@computerworld.com.
Senior Reporter Lucas Mearian covers Windows, Future of Work issues, mobile, Apple in the enterprise, and healthcare IT.


Based on 27 May 18 departure from London Heathrow flying with British Airways, staying for 5 nights bed and breakfast in a Tower Club City View (2 adults sharing) including return private transfers.
The Tower Club at Lebua in Bangkok is one of the most luxurious hotels in the city. Priding themselves on exclusivity and high quality service, the hotel was even chosen for the filming of The Hangover II. Lebua Tower Club is the only luxury hotel in Bangkok which is all-suite and all-club, with breath-taking views of Bangkok and the Chao Phraya River from every suite.
Just outside are the city's sightseeing, business and shopping districts. It's close proximity to the BTS Sky Train and expressway puts the entire city within reach, though you may prefer to just gaze upon it from the extraordinary vantage points throughout the hotel.
Each gigantic suite is simply extraordinary. The separate bedrooms, living room and kitchenette are complemented by the infinite thoughtful touches that reflect the personalised, intuitive service. This hotel will cosset and court you – enjoy.
The Lebua was the hotel of choice on another trip to Bangkok...six months after the last! Now that the IconSiam has opened this hotel is very convenient. But I just still love the proximity to the Chao Praya Express and BTS. Rooms were as usual well appointed and the turn down service always appreciated. Bangkok was super hot whilst we were there and I found we had to crank the aircon at night to keep things cool. The pool is great at this time of year. Breakfast seemed to be fairly good, as always however the one time I felt like smoked salmon it wasn't being offered. This is a big hotel, offering big rooms but lovely service.
Great view. Except that I feel it's a tourist trap since the drink prices are far beyond anything..and I'm from Norway the most expensive country in the universe and I don't even blink when they present me a 300 dollar bill home after visiting a restaurant with my wife home. Anyway reason I only give this place 2 stars is not because of the prices but because of the service. First they started to nag me about my totally black Nike Air indoor sneakers, I use those due to back problems. Funny thing is that I work in a bank, and no one have ever complained about my shoes at work (I wear them together with black business pants in business meetings all day long). Second: after I finished my first drink with my wife (2 glass of wine 2200 bath they gave me the bill without asking if I wanted another drink.. [email protected]& is that ? They probably thought I could not afford a second one .. even more funny is that we were the only guests.. let me think.. since it was hot.. went to China town before coming here and therefore I was wearing causal clothes and since my wife did not wear her LV bag this time they probably thought we were poor backpackers.. bye bye. At the same time I'm happy because I expected to spend much more money there but since they kicked us out I only had to pay 2200, one star for the view and one star for the saving, therefore 2 stars :-). Btw, last time I stayed in Bangkok I stayed at Hilton Millennium, I like their sky bar much better even if their building is only 37 floors or so.
People think its worth it coming here… ITS NOT. I was charged 55 dollars for a glass of ginger ale!!! 55 dollars!!! AMAZING. A beer 65 dollars. There are MANY other bars in Bangkok. As nice as this one, and they are not robbing their clients. As soon as we came in, they FORCED us to order something, they even followed us everywhere! TERRIBLE. We just went to the SkyBar, we only wanted to have some drinks.
Due to the fact that this hotel appeared in the movie "Hangover II", the tourists have a higher expectation from Lebua. In reality, it is not by far a 5 Star hotel. For the entire week that we stayed there, the internet in the room did NOT work AT ALL, even though they "fixed" it twice. The building is pretty old, not so well maintained, some floors look abandoned, but the prices for their rooms and bars are Sky High! A cocktail at the Sky Bar (and other restaurants at Lebua) is a "mere" $30-$40. However, the hotel staff is so kindhearted and they do everything in their power to make you feel welcome in their country. Everyone, everyday, greets you with a lovely, genuine smile and that makes a big difference in your day. The Hotel Manager, Marco Marotta, is so professional in dealing with the Lebua guests and shows interest in pleasing the customer. Even though the hotel property was below our expectations, the breakfast buffet was very diverse, offering traditional Thai and Indian food, apart from the traditional continental breakfast. Breakfast is served at Cafe Mozu, which is such a beautiful venue, between 6AM - 11AM.
I had done a lot of research before I came here and Lebua exceeded my expectations. From the moment my wife and I walked in, we knew we made the right choice. Beautiful building inside and out. The staff is BEYOND attentive, bright smiles and enthusiasm all around making sure you are treated like a royal every step of the way. That really shines when you have dinner at Sirocco. Even the chef will come to each table and make sure all was well with the service and food. I had breakfast included with my stay and I highly HIGHLY recommend you do the same. The variety and choices of food in the morning is awesome and it's delicious. Fresh ham and bacon made on the spot when I was there. Good old fashioned American breakfast as well as Korean, Thai, and Japanese. There was not one single thing that I didn't enjoy eating or drinking lol. Another thing I recommend when coming here is to be sure you get a river view if possible. The rooms have balcony's and the view ESPECIALLY at night is to die for. If you are not a party / bar person or just want to relax for the evening, grab a beer, order room service and put your feet up while resting on your balcony. That in itself was it's own great experience too lol. Ask for a room on a high floor as well. It adds so much more to the experience at this place. The room was also beautiful. My wife was very VERY happy. LOCATION: Right across the river from the new ICON SIAM mall that just opened a few months ago. FANTASTIC place for pictures, window shopping, eating. Lebua is literally a walk away from the long boat stop that takes you to Wat Pho, Asiatique, and the Grand Palace. There are also quite a few local GOOD restaurants across the street, couple of blocks away, etc. GREAT location. Also VERY easy to get to the BTS as well. Please beware when reading some of these reviews... the things that people complain about at times is just... ridiculous. This is NOT a 2 or 3 star hotel. This is a 5 star GEM with an award winning restaurant and rooftop bar that offer breathtaking views of Bangkok especially during sunset. You are paying for an experience and it costs money lol. Keep in mind you are not just paying for a hotel room and bed. Having the right attitude is also key when you're traveling. Be grateful for the opportunity and just enjoy the whole experience. You won't be disappointed!
When you need a break from the bustling city, the open-air swimming pool is an oasis of tranquillity. Relax and refresh with some laps of this glamorous pool, or stretch out on your comfy lounger with a good book and a refreshing beverage from Cafe Mozu, located poolside.
Indulge yourself at the Lebua wellness centre with four treatment rooms where you can choose from a wide variety of facial and body treatments. If you'd rather remain more active, there is a modern fitness centre featuring resistance machines, free weights and an elegant sauna and steam room.
Every guest at The Tower Club Lebua, receives access to the exclusive Tower Club Lounge on the 52nd Floor. Here you can tuck in to unlimited snacks and canapes. Soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, including cocktails wines and beers are also complimentary.
For your added comfort, there is an extensive pillow menu to choose from: BUCKWHEAT PILLOW The 100% natural buckwheat pillow will keep your head and neck cool while it conforms to the precise contours of your head, neck and shoulders, providing optimal support and allowing the muscles to relax, thus relieving pain and stress. COMPANION PILLOW FOR SIDE-SLEEPERS This long micro-fiber pillow is the perfect companion for side-sleepers. CONTOUR PILLOW With each side a different height, many guests have found that this is just what they need for a rejuvenating sleep. FIRM BALL FIBRE PILLOW Designed for side-sleepers, the firm ball fibre pillow provides enhanced neck support. KAPOK PILLOW The 100% natural kapok pillow is the choice of those who desire a completely natural sleep experience. LUXURY GOOSE DOWN PILLOW This all-natural, hypoallergenic pillow provides luxurious comfort and support as the down feathers shift to align perfectly with the contours of your head, neck and shoulders, providing support where it is most needed. MEMORY FOAM ANTI-SNORE PILLOW Originally designed for NASA astronauts, this ingenious pillow absorbs pressure and heat and moulds to fit the contours of your neck for better support and a comfortable nights sleep. NATURAL CLASSIC RUNNER PILLOW The natural sponge-like construction of latex ensures a constant circulation of fresh air and adjustment to the contours of your head, ample all-night support. SYNTHETIC PILLOW This hypoallergenic polyester pillow is designed specifically for the sensitive sleeper.
Tower Club City view Suites provide breath-taking views of the city. There is 66 square metres of luxurious living space, and the benefit of a living area and bedroom area that can be partitioned by a sliding partition.
Exclusive use of Tower club lounge including alcoholic and soft drinks, full day canapes and high tea between 6am-6pm.
Choice of complimentary full daily American breakfast at Café Mozu or continental breakfast at Tower Club lounge.
Complimentary Wi-Fi in your suite.
Complimentary in-suite coffee and fine tea selection.
Tower Club Luxury Suites are elegantly laid out to make the most of the enormous space, while maintaining a feel of comfort and cosiness. The spacious living room has plush sofas and no less than three balconies to enjoy the finest panoramic views of the city below. For extra convenience, there is a fully equipped open kitchen and dining area – ideal for families who might like the choice to eat in.
For an evening of sophistication head to Distil. Known for many ultra-premium spirits and prestige champagnes not available in any other outlet in Thailand, including Royal Salute 62 Gun Salute scotch, Martell or cognac, Plymouth and Burrough gin. With big comfy sofas and resident DJ's, this is a place to see and be seen. During your visit, we would recommend a visit to The Cellar the highest cheese cellar in Thailand, or sample tasty treats at The Oyster Bar. Restrictions: Please be aware that there is a smart casual dress code at Distil and all guests must be over 20 years of age.
Ocean 52 is a discreet cocktail bar, perfect for quiet conversation - while sampling the innovative cocktail list.
Located at the poolside, Cafe Mozu offers a global menu and all-day dining. The breakfast buffet is legendary, featuring more than 120 international specialities. They really have something for everyone, with European pastries, meats and cheeses, freshly cooked eggs and omelettes, and Asian food everything from dumplings to sushi.
Sirocco captivates guests with the finest rooftop views in Bangkok, a refined Mediterranean cuisine and a very unique cocktail list. If it looks familiar, it could be because the restaurant is featured in The Hangover 2 movie. Try ordering a Hangovertini, this was created by the cast whilst they were filming. The dining area is spaciously arranged, providing a private and comfortable ambience. Feel content as you enjoy the views from the highest al fresco restaurant in the world. Dress code: Smart casual dress code: Sirocco does not permit athletic or sports uniforms, torn clothing, slippers, beach sandals and flip-flops. Gentlemen must avoid any sleeveless clothing, shorts, and open shoes. Please note that the smart casual dress code applies to children.
Mezzaluna is regularly on the 'best restaurants' in Bangkok lists, so if you are looking for somewhere to dazzle and delight this would be the perfect choice. As you rise to the 64th floor and your ears start popping, you then exit the elevator and climb the glamorous sweeping staircase up to the 65th floor - the highest floor in the State Tower. The restaurant is housed within The Dome, and provides 180-degree views of the river and city. The lighting is dim and atmospheric, and a quartet plays everything from well-known classical pieces to Glenn Miller. Famed for it's set menus that come in four or seven courses. Only the finest seasonal ingredients are used here - international growers as well as local artisans. Herbal oils and vinegar's are homemade, as are the fruit and vegetable extracts which are used for the smoking, pickling, curing and grilling which is done on-site. Restrictions: Minimum age - 12 years Dress code: smart casual dress code. Mezzaluna does not permit athletic or sports uniforms, torn clothing, slippers, beach sandals and flip-flops. Gentlemen must avoid any sleeveless clothing, shorts, and open shoes. Please note that our smart casual dress code applies to children.
This fine dining restaurant located on the 54th floor is a must for those who wish to experience a magical and unforgettable dining moment set high above the hustle & bustle of this exciting City. Photo opportunities abound and the staff are happy to assist with capturing the memories. Reservations are recommended, as this is such a popular spot for a special evening. Choose from the A la carte menu or through the seasonally inspired tasting menu, and with 3,000 bottles of wine on hand, you will be spoilt for choice.


text:
Q: How to use different paths for single column in XMLTABLE Oracle <employees>
<refval>senior</refval>
<employee>
<role>EX</role>
<ID>
<Qualification>leve1</Qualification>
<value>33</value>
<ID>
<ID>
<Qualification>leve2</Qualification>
<value>40</value>
<ID>
</employee>
</employees>

This is the XML I am trying to parse and get the content inside the value tag.

*

*The value of the role tag can be
  -  EX, CR, AJ.

The Qualification tags in both other id tags can have three values:

*

*level1

*level2

*level3

The case when role=EX and Qualification=level1
Then I want to read the content of the corresponding value tag. Here the value of the value tag will be 33.
when role=CR and Qualification=level2 then value=level2
Currently, I am reading Id[1]/Qualification, Id[2]/Qualification values and writing case statements to match this condition. Is there is way to define multiple paths for a single column in XMLTable( with the help of the if condition, and or operators)?

A: Assuming your XML is actually well-formed and the qualification and value nodes are really under an ID node, then you can use multiple paths and the union set operator |, and different conditions in each path:
select x.*
from your_table t
cross join xmltable(
  '/employees/employee[role="EX"]/ID[Qualification="level1"]
    | /employees/employee[role="CR"]/ID[Qualification="level2"]
    | /employees/employee[role="AJ"]/ID[Qualification="level3"]'
  passing t.xml_data
  columns
    role varchar2(2) path './../role',
    qualificiation varchar2(10) path 'Qualification',
    value number path 'value'
) x;

The main Xpath goes down to the ID node, so you can get the role by walking back up the tree one level.
SQL Fiddle with fixed XML and additional employees to demonstrate the data coming from each one.
Unfortunately walking back up the tree doesn't work properly in that version of Oracle, but it does in 12c and later (and maybe patched versions of 11gR2); here a db<>fiddle for the same code under 18c:
ROLE QUALIFICIATION VALUE
---- -------------- -----
EX   level1            33
CR   level2            41
AJ   level3            53

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
> Covid Responses
Total responses: 448
Add a Response Export All Data
Filter Responses:
Level of government
Addressed issues
Response Tags
Responses found:
UK National Shielding Service (NSS)
COVID-19 has put a spotlight on the importance of data infrastructure to ensure effective data sharing (data quality, validation, matching, use of identifiers), as well as the effectiveness of using digital tools and practices to deliver important, cross-government services. As part of the UK government's response to the pandemic, five government departments came together to set up a National Shielding Service to deliver care and food supplies to approximately 2.2m people in England who we...
View response details
The UK's Lottery Fund has created an Emerging Futures Fund for civil society projects for the future
Recovery-Oriented
The National Lottery UK's Community Fund has created the 'Emerging Future Fund', to help communities move towards recovery and renewal after the impact of COVID-19, and draw on all the creativity we've seen in communities and across civil society.
As such, they have set up a UK-wide fund of GBP 1 million, with individual grants ranging between GBP 20,000 - 50,000, for organisations to look at how things are changing, what is needed in this transition, and what is possible in the fut...
Cambridge University (UK) students organise #CamvsCovid hackathon for small local businesses
MPhil students from Cambridge University organised a hackathon, #CamvsCovid, to seek solutions to problems stemming from COVID-19. Entries focused on local shops, the virtual shopping experience and remote health diagnostics.
Each team entering the event had 72 hours to draft its response to a pressing problem by video and text, and their 750-word text solution went through a juried review process. All the 750-word solutions, which totaled 11 entries, are being assembled into a port...
Crowdless, the app that uses data to show how empty or busy supermarkets are
Adaptive ActionDigital TransformationRecovery-Oriented
Crowdless is helping people make informed decisions and navigate more safely as they carry out their essential tasks, providing real-time live data on the busyness of essential places that people need to visit, such as supermarkets and pharmacies thanks to combination of existing data sources and crowdsourced data to ensure that users have real-time information on how crowded places are.
Coronavirus Tracker in the United Kingdom
Digital Transformationopen source
Data dashboard and Visualisation of COVID-19 data.
Bristol pedestrianises historic city centre
Adaptive ActionRecovery-Oriented
Bristol, UK, has decided to to transform parts of the historic Old City area into fully pedestrianised zones. Plans are being drawn up to widen pavements and improve cycle routes through Bristol too on other roads.
Some historic streets like Corn Street, St Nicholas Street and Small Street are due to be pedestrianised. Also, Bristol Bridge is to be closed to motor traffic apart from public transport, taxis and motorcyles.
The idea is to orientate the city both for the present...
National Health Service (NHS) API
Open Callopen source
The National Health Services open source API allows users to syndicate constantly updated COVID-19 data on their site.
Telescope: collaborative programmes supporting policymakers and frontline staff to #buildbackbetter
At Telescope, we connect policymakers with those working on the frontline, using innovation thinking tools to encourage inclusive and collaborative policymaking. We love seeing the connections and ideas sparked by bringing people together and the benefits for policymakers of learning about frontline challenges first hand.
But when the whole world is in isolation, that isn't so easy.
The COVID-19 crisis needs us to find new ways of delivering critical services. Now more than e...
Coronavirus Tech Handbook
The Coronavirus Tech Handbook is a crowdsourced library of tools, services and resources relating to COVID-19 response. It is a rapidly evolving resource with thousands of expert contributors.
The Welsh Assembly runs virtually for the first time ever
Adaptive ActionDigital Transformation
The devolved Welsh Assembly has held its first virtual parliamentary session following a series of emergency provisions that have been put in place so that essential Assembly business relating to COVID-19 can carry on.
Following last week's smaller 'Emergency Senedd' meeting, the Assembly's Business Committee has decided to switch to fully online 'virtual' plenary meetings using the video conferencing facility Zoom.
Party groups have agreed to limit their attendance to the ...
The UK Parliament introduces new digital procedures
The UK Houses of Parliament have agreed various new procedural measures to enable it to function through a combination of socially distanced in-person activity and remote digital activity.
Select Committees are able to meet remotely and participate in official proceedings through conference calls and digital conferences.
The Speaker of the House of Commons also will publish in advance the order of speaking in debates, never done before, thus enabling Members to know when th...
Visual guide to stop the spread while helping your community
Adaptive ActionSocial Solidarity
We have visualised guidelines to stop the spread of COVID-19.
The visual guideline is based on the journey of a volunteer delivering food to a vulnerable neighbour, inspired by COVID-19 Mutual Aid UK groups. We hope that the over 200 community support groups spring up in the UK and other groups internationally can benefit from it.
COVID-19 e-learning programme
An e-learning programme in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic that is free to access, without logging in*, for the entire UK health and care workforce, including those working in the NHS, the independent sector and social care. The programme includes key materials to help the health and care workforce respond to Coronavirus.
The Coronavirus programme currently includes limited resources, but will add more content in the coming days and weeks. The additional conte...
Extremely Vulnerable Persons Service
Adaptive Action
A dedicated support service for people with a medical condition which makes them extremely vulnerable to coronavirus (COVID-19).
Extermely vulnerable includes people who have had a solid organ transplant; have any cancer and are getting chemotherapy; have lung cancer and are getting radical radiotherapy; have cancer of the blood or bone marrow, at any stage of treatment - for example, leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma; have any cancer for which you're getting immunotherapy or other con...
Business-led innovation in response to global disruption (de minimis)
UK registered businesses can apply for a share of up to £20 million to respond to new and urgent needs in UK and global communities during and following the Covid-19 pandemic.
UKGov Coronavirus Information Service on @WhatsApp
An automated 'chatbot' will allow people to get answers to the most common #coronavirus questions from a trusted source.
The London Office of Technology and Innovation (LOTI) is running a ' Borough Initiatives and Needs' database.
The London Office of Technology and Innovation (LOTI) is working to help local government teams across London to share resources and collaborate remotely during the COVID19 crisis.
They are co-ordinating a 'Borough Initiatives and Needs' database across London, a document that allows different local teams from across London's boroughs to share their work and good practice.
It takes the form of a document open to any and all who wish to share/add details and links to help LO...
Leveraging existing trusted social networks to mobile volunteers to provide support to those in need with 48 hours of initiation.
SurreyHeath-Prepared.uk, a community initiative to co-ordinate volunteers and those needing help, leveraging existing social networks
Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker
The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker counts data from 73 countries so far, including China, South Korea, Italy, UK and USA. It will continue to be updated throughout the crisis and is freely accessible.
This new tracker is designed to systematically record government responses worldwide and aggregate the scores into a common 'Stringency Index' which they hope will help researchers, policymakers and citizens understand whether increasingly strict measures affect the rate...
Over 0.5 million people volunteer in the UK to help the NHS
Social Solidarity
504,303 people have (at the time of writing) volunteered to help the National Health Service in the UK.
NHS Volunteer Responders has been set up to support the NHS during the COVID-19 outbreak. To do this they need an 'army' of volunteers who can support the 1.5m people in England who are at most risk from the virus to stay well. The doctors, nurses and other professionals will be able to refer people in to NHS Volunteer Responders and be confident that they have been matched with a...
COVID Symptom Tracker
The Covid symptom tracker allows UK users to self-report symptoms daily in case they think they may have Covid19. It will allow a better understanding of who is at risk, in particular with a geographical dimension, by better understanding the symptoms that are linked to underlying health conditions.
Persons At Risk Database (i.e. Mapping Vulnerable persons)
An emergency event in a neighbouring authority highlighted how hard it was to identify vulnerable persons during a confirmed gas leak, Falkirk Council resolved to find a faster, more accurate and secure method for quickly identifying those in need during any type of emergency incident where local residents might be in danger.
Data was cleansed and uploaded to an electronic mapping system which allows us to identify vulnerable persons in a few simple clicks and has been hailed as qu...
Union postal workers in the UK vote to become an "additional emergency service"
Members of the UK Communication Workers Union (CWU) who are workers in the Royal Mail postal service, have voted to put themselves as an "additional emergency service". In an internal ballot, they voted for this measure due to their transferrable skills, with the possibility of them undertaking tasks including delivering medical aid, checking on the vulnerable, and supporting people working from home.
Please note that the OECD has not formally reviewed the responses and information provided and does not necessarily endorse any of the solutions included. Our objective is to share information and ideas at the maximum speed for governments to make use of it. As such, review and validation of information is limited and does not directly reflect the views or beliefs of the OECD.
This platform, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to "Cyprus" relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the "Cyprus issue".
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
Regarding Kosovo, this designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo's declaration of independence.


The McLennan Highlanders' season came to an end with a 70-67 loss to the New Mexico Thunderbirds in the Region V Tournament in Brownwood.
Ricardo Artis put the Highlanders on the board with a layup less than a minute into the game. New Mexico responded with three consecutive 3-pointers to take the early 9-2 lead. The Highlanders fought back, taking the 22-21 lead with 6:47 remaining in the first half. McLennan led 36-30 with 1:47 to play before the break. The Thunderbird ended the half on a 5-0 run to trim the lead to one at halftime, 36-35.
New Mexico took the lead on the first possession of the second half and extended it to nine, 57-48, with 9:19 remaining in the game. The Highlanders began to chip away and trailed 61-60 with just over five minutes to go. Rashaan Surles drained a 3-pointer with four minutes to play, giving McLennan its first lead in the second half, 63-61. The Thunderbirds took the lead on a layup and free throw by Imani Jackson with 1:56 to go and led 70-65 with 7.56 seconds to play. A Surles layup cut the lead to two with 3 seconds remaining. New Mexico turned the ball over on the ensuing inbounds play, giving McLennan a chance. But Jalen Jones' 3-point attempt bounced off the iron, ending the hope for a comeback.
Artis led the Highlanders with 21 points. James Harrison and Surles added 12 each.
McLennan ends the season with an overall record of 23-8.
New Mexico: Imani Jackson 4 4-5 12; Jeremy Postell 1 0-0 3; Tyler Blount 1 0-0 3; Malique Trent 3 1-2 10; Randy Haynes 1 0-0 2; Rene Esparza 3 5-8 12; Desmond Medder 1 4-6 6; Cullen Russo 3 7-8 13; Ray Barreno 2 0-0 4; Karim Diop 2 0-0 5; Totals: 21 21-29 70.
Aundre Jackson 2 0-2 4; Totals: 24 14-21 67.
3-pointers: New Mexico 7 (Trent 3, Postell 1, Blount 1, Esparza 1, Diop 1), McLennan 5 (Surles 2, Harrison 2, Mills 1); Total fouls: New Mexico 18, McLennan 22; Fouled out: McLennan (Artis), New Mexico (Jackson); Halftime score: McLennan 36, New Mexico 35; Record: McLennan 23-8 (8-4).


text:
SDSS J024749.90−163112.6 ist ein spektroskopischer Kandidat für ein Doppelsystem von zwei T-Zwergen im Sternbild Eridanus (Stand 2012).

Das Objekt wurde zunächst durch die Analyse von Daten des Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) durch Chiu et al. als T2-Zwerg identifiziert. Eine spektroskopische Untersuchung durch Burgasser et al. ergab deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass es sich um ein Doppelsystem handeln könnte, dessen Komponenten ungefähr den Spektralklassen T0 und T7 angehören.

Literatur
 Chiu et al.: Seventy-One New L and T Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey; in: The Astronomical Journal 131 (5), S. 2722–2736 (2006),  (englisch)
 Astrophys. J., 710, 1142-1169 (2010)

Brauner Zwerg der Spektralklasse T
Eridanus (Sternbild)


Mr. Gibson's petition, available through his website, points out that DWC's reading of the Texas Labor Code would prohibit virtually any use of these terms by doctors, lawyers, politicians, or other professionals. Among other rationales, Mr. Gibson's petition states that the statute is unconstitutional under the First Amendment.
More information is available here and through Mr. Gibson's website.


Ruby Creek Substrate Inc. is a company located in Canada, V4W 0A3 Langley at 4848 275th Street. Ruby Creek Substrate Inc. has an ACTIVE entity status and a LAPSED LEI code. The Legal Entity Identifier code of Ruby Creek Substrate Inc. is 549300D6DSXO0YC0KZ51. The legal form of this company is 8888.