With a population of 119,045 in 2017, it is the eighth most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the principal city of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that includes New Hanover and Pender counties in southeastern North Carolina, which has a population of 263,429 as of the 2012 Census Estimate.
Wilmington was settled by the English along the Cape Fear River. The city was named after Spencer Compton who was the Earl of Wilmington. Its historic downtown has a 1.75-mile (2.82 km) Riverwalk, developed as a tourist attraction in the late 20th century. In 2014 Wilmington's riverfront was ranked as the "Best American Riverfront" by readers of USA Today. It is minutes away from nearby beaches. The National Trust for Historic Preservation selected Wilmington as one of its 2008 Dozen Distinctive Destinations. City residents live between the river and the ocean, with four nearby beach communities: Fort Fisher, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach and Kure Beach, all within half-hour drives from downtown Wilmington.
In 2003 the city was designated by the US Congress as a "Coast Guard City". It is the home port for the USCGC Diligence, a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter. The World War II battleship USS North Carolina is held as a war memorial; moored across from the downtown port area, the ship is open to public tours. Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum, and the Wilmington Hammerheads United Soccer Leagues soccer team. The University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) provides a wide variety of programs for undergraduates, graduate students, and adult learners, in addition to cultural and sports events open to the community.
Wilmington is the home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestic television and movie production facility outside California. "Dream Stage 10," the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the US. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. After the studio's opening in 1984, Wilmington became a major center of American film and television production. Numerous movies in a range of genres and several television series have been produced here, including Maximum Overdrive, Iron Man 3, Fox's Sleepy Hollow, One Tree Hill, Dawson's Creek and NBC's Revolution.
The area along the river had been inhabited by various successive cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, historic Native Americans were members of tribes belonging to the Algonquian family.
The ethnic European and African history of Wilmington spans more than two and a half centuries. In the early 16th century, explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was reportedly the first European to see this area, including the city's present site. The first permanent European settlement in the area started in the 1720s with English colonists. In September 1732, a community was founded on land owned by John Watson on the Cape Fear River, at the confluence of its northwest and northeast branches. The settlement, founded by the first royal governor, George Burrington, was called "New Carthage," and then "New Liverpool;" it gradually took on the name "New Town" or "Newton". Governor Gabriel Johnston soon after established his government there for the North Carolina colony. In 1739 or 1740, the town was incorporated with a new name, Wilmington, in honor of Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington.
Some early settlers of Wilmington came from the Albemarle and Pamlico regions, as well as from the colonies of Virginia and South Carolina, but most new settlers migrated from the northern British colonies, the West Indies, and the British Isles. Many of the early settlers were indentured servants, recruited mainly from the British Isles and northern Europe. As the indentured servants gained their freedom and fewer could be persuaded to leave England because of improving conditions there, the colonists imported an increasing number of African slaves to satisfy the labor demand. By 1767, slaves accounted for more than 62% of the population of the Lower Cape Fear region. Many worked in the port as laborers, and some in ship-related trades.
Naval stores and lumber fueled the region's economy, both before and after the American Revolution. During the Revolutionary War, the British maintained a garrison at Fort Johnston near Wilmington.
Due to Wilmington's commercial importance as a major port, it had a critical role in opposition to the British in the years leading up to the Revolution. The city had outspoken political leaders who influenced and led the resistance movement in North Carolina. The foremost of these was Wilmington resident Cornelius Harnett, who served in the General Assembly at the time, where he rallied opposition to the Sugar Act in 1764. When the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act the following year, designed to raise revenue for the Crown with a kind of tax on shipping, Wilmington was the site of an elaborate demonstration against it.
On October 19, 1765, several hundred townspeople gathered in protest of the new law, burned an effigy of one town resident who favored the act, and toasted to "Liberty, Property, and No Stamp Duty." On October 31, another crowd gathered in a symbolic funeral of "Liberty". But before the effigy was buried, Liberty was found to have a pulse, and celebration ensued.
Governor William Tryon made attempts to mitigate the opposition, to no avail. On November 18, 1765, he pleaded his case directly to prominent residents of the area. They said the law restricted their rights. When the stamps arrived on November 28 on the H.M. Sloop Diligence, Tryon ordered them to be kept on board. Shipping on the Cape Fear River was stopped, as were the functions of the courts.
Tryon, after having received his official commission as governor (a position he had assumed only after the death of Arthur Dobbs), was brought to Wilmington by Captain Constantine Phipps on a barge from the Diligence, and "was received cordially by the gentlemen of the borough." He was greeted with the firing of seventeen pieces of artillery, and the New Hanover County Regiment of the North Carolina militia, who had lined the streets. This "warm welcome" was spoiled, however, after a dispute arose between Captain Phipps and captains of ships in the harbor regarding the display of their colors. The townspeople became infuriated with Phipps and threats were made against both sides. After Tryon harangued them for their actions, the townspeople gathered around the barrels of punch and ox he had brought as refreshments. The barrels were broken open, letting the punch spill into the streets; they threw the head of the ox into the pillory, and gave its body to the slaves. Because of the unrest, Tryon moved his seat of government to New Bern instead of Wilmington.
On February 18, 1766, two merchant ships arrived without stamped papers at Brunswick Town. Each ship provided signed statements from the collectors at their respective ports of origin that there were no stamps available, but Captain Jacob Lobb of the British cruiser Viper seized the vessels. In response, numerous residents from southern counties met in Wilmington. The group organized as the Sons of Liberty and pledged to block implementation of the Stamp Act. The following day, as many as a thousand men, including the mayor and aldermen of Wilmington, were led by Cornelius Harnett to Brunswick to confront Tryon. The governor was unyielding but a mob retrieved the seized ships. They forced royal customs officers and public officials in the region to swear never to issue stamped paper. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766.
In the 1830s, citizens of Wilmington became eager to take advantage of railroad transportation. Plans were developed to build a railroad line from the capital, Raleigh, to Wilmington. When Raleigh citizens declined to subscribe in sufficient number to stock to raise money for the project, organizers changed the terminus to Weldon. When the railroad line was completed in 1840, it was the longest single line of railroad track in the world. The railroad also controlled a fleet of steamboats that ran between Wilmington and Charleston; these were used both for passenger travel and transportation of freight. Regular boat lines served Fayetteville, and packet lines traveled to northern ports. The city was a main stop-over point, contributing greatly to its commerce.
By mid-century, the churchyard of St. James Episcopal Church and other town cemeteries had become filled with graves. On November 16, 1853, a group of citizens, organized as "The Proprietors of the Wilmington Cemetery," was formed to develop a new cemetery. Sixty-five acres of land around Burnt Mill Creek was chosen as the site for what would be called Oakdale Cemetery. It was the first rural cemetery in North Carolina. The cemetery's first interment, on February 6, 1855, was six-year-old Annie deRosset. Many remains from St. James churchyard were relocated to the new cemetery.
The Wilmington Gas Light Company was established in 1854. Soon after, street lights were powered by gas made from lightwood and rosin, replacing the old street oil lamps. On December 27, 1855, the first cornerstone was laid and construction began on a new City Hall. A grant from the Thalian Association funded the attached opera house, named Thalian Hall. In 1857 the city opened its first public school, named the "Union Free School", on 6th Street between Nun and Church streets, serving white students.
Wilmington had a black majority population before the Civil War. While most were slaves, the city had a significant community of free people of color, who developed businesses and trades. For a period up to Nat Turner's Rebellion, they had been allowed to vote, carry arms and serve in the militia. Fears after the rebellion resulted in the state legislature passing laws to restrict the rights of free blacks.
During the Civil War, the port was the major base for Confederate and privately owned blockade runners, which delivered badly needed supplies from England. The Union mounted a blockade to reduce the goods received by the South. The city was captured by Union forces in the Battle of Wilmington in February 1865, approximately one month after the fall of Fort Fisher had closed the port. As nearly all the military action took place some distance from the city, numerous antebellum houses and other buildings survived the war years.
During the Reconstruction era, former free blacks and newly emancipated freedmen built a community in the city. Most blacks voted for the Republican Party, which had brought the slaves freedom. There was increasing violence around elections in this period, as armed white paramilitary insurgents, known as Red Shirts, worked to suppress black and Republican voting. Conservative white Democrats regained control of the state legislature and sought to impose white supremacy, but some blacks continued to be elected to local offices.
The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 (formerly and inaccurately called a race riot) occurred as a result of the racially-charged political conflict that had occurred in the decades after the Civil War and efforts by white Democrats to reestablish white supremacy and overturn black voting.
In the 1890s, a coalition of Republicans and Populists had gained state and federal offices. The Democrats were determined to reassert their control.
In 1898, a cadre of white Democrats, professionals and businessmen, planned to overthrow the city government if their candidates were not elected. Two days after the election, in which a white Republican was elected mayor and both white and black aldermen were elected, more than 1500 white men attacked and burned the only black daily newspaper in the state and ran off the new officers. They overthrew the legitimately-elected municipal government. This is the only such coup d'état in United States history.
On November 10, 1898, nearly 1500 white men, led by the Democrat Alfred M. Waddell, an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate in 1896, marched to the offices of the Daily Record, as they had been angered by its publisher Alex Manly. The mob broke out of control, shattering windows and setting fire to the building. Violence later broke out across town in Brooklyn, the black neighborhood, which was attacked by mobs of whites. Waddell and his men forced the elected Republican city officials to resign at gunpoint and replaced them with men selected by leading white Democrats. Waddell was elected mayor by the newly seated board of aldermen that day. Prominent African Americans and white Republicans were banished from the city in the following days.
Whites attacked and killed an estimated 10-100 blacks. No whites died in the violence. As a result of the attacks, more than 2100 blacks permanently left the city, leaving a hole among its professional and middle class. The demographic change was so large that the city became majority white, rather than the majority black it was before the white Democrats' coup.
Following these events, the North Carolina legislature passed a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration, imposing requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests that effectively disfranchised most black voters, following the example of the state of Mississippi. Blacks were essentially disfranchised and excluded from the political system until after Congressional passage in the mid-1960s of the civil rights acts.
In 1910, Charlotte passed Wilmington to become North Carolina's largest city.
Three prisoner-of-war (POW) camps operated in the city from February 1944 through April 1946. At their peak, the camps held 550 German prisoners. The first camp was located on the corner of Shipyard Boulevard and Carolina Beach Road; it was moved downtown to Ann Street, between 8th and 10th avenues, when it outgrew the original location. A smaller contingent of prisoners was assigned to a third site, working in the officers' mess and doing grounds keeping at Bluethenthal Army Air Base, which is now Wilmington International Airport.
The Audubon Trolley Station, Brookwood Historic District, Carolina Heights Historic District, Carolina Place Historic District, City Hall/Thalian Hall, Delgrado School, Federal Building and Courthouse, Fort Fisher, Gabriel's Landing, William Hooper School (Former), Market Street Mansion District, Masonboro Sound Historic District, Moores Creek National Battlefield, Sunset Park Historic District, USS NORTH CAROLINA (BB-55) National Historic Landmark, James Walker Nursing School Quarters, Westbrook-Ardmore Historic District, Wilmington Historic District, and Wilmington National Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Wilmington is located at 34°13′24″N 77°54′44″W / 34.22333°N 77.91222°W / 34.22333; -77.91222. It is the eastern terminus of Interstate 40, an east-west freeway that ends 2,554 miles away at Barstow, California, where it joins I-15, the Gateway to Southern California. This road passes through many major cities and state capitals along the way.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.5 square miles (107 km2). 41.0 square miles (106 km2) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) of it (1.16%) is water. Wrightsville Beach is a common destination in the Wilmington area. Carolina and Kure beaches also add to the city's beach attractions.
Winters are generally mild with January highs in the mid-50s °F (~12°C) and lows in the mid-30s °F (~1°C). Snowfall does not occur in most years, and when it does, is generally light.
Summer brings high humidity, with daily high temperatures usually ranging from the upper 80s to lower 90s °F (31–34°C), and daily low temperatures usually from 70 to 75 °F (~22°C). Heat indices can easily break the 100 °F (38 °C) mark, though the actual temperature does not in most years. Due to the proximity of warm Atlantic Ocean waters and prevailing tropical-system tracks, the Wilmington area is subject to hurricane or tropical storm activity, mostly from August to early October, with an average frequency of once every seven years. Such tropical systems can bring high winds and very heavy rains, sometimes 4 inches (100 mm) or more in a single tropical system. Precipitation in Wilmington occurs year-round. April is the driest month, with less than 3 inches (76 mm) of rain on average, and July to September are the wettest months, with over 7 inches (180 mm) of rain each, on average. In an average year, the July to September period delivers about 40% of annual rainfall.
Autumn is also generally humid at the beginning, with the threat from tropical weather systems (hurricanes, tropical storms and tropical depressions) peaking in September.
Normal January mean temperature: 46.0 °F (7.8 °C). The coldest month in recorded history was January 1977, averaging 35.7 °F (2.1 °C). However, January 1981 had a colder average minimum of 25.8 °F (−3.4 °C).
Normal July mean temperature: 81.1 °F (27.3 °C). The hottest month in recorded history was July 2012, averaging 84.7 °F (29.3 °C). However, July 1993 had a hotter average maximum of 94.0 °F (34.4 °C).
Average days ≥ 90 °F (32 °C): 43, but historically as low as 9 in 1909 and as high as 71 in 1980.
Average annual precipitation: 57.6 inches (1,460 mm), but historically ranging from 27.68 in (703 mm) in 1909 to 102.40 in (2,601 mm) in 2018, aided by 23.02 inches of rain, September 13-16, from Hurricane Florence's slow movement across the Carolinas. The 2018 annual precipitation of 102.40 inches exceeded the previous record wettest year (1877, with 83.65 inches of precipitation).
Wilmington boasts a large historic district encompassing nearly 300 blocks. Abandoned warehouses on downtown's northern end have been recently demolished making room for multi-million dollar projects, such as the World Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD) and a state-of-the-art convention center.
Wilmington has an increasing problem with gang violence and on October 15, 2013 the WPD and NHC Sheriffs department created a joint task force to combat gang violence. Just a day later the city council approved $142,000 in funding for a gang investigative unit.
According to 2013 census estimates, there were 112,067 people and 47,003 households in the city. The population density was 2,067.8 people per square mile (714.2/km²)and there were 53,400 housing units. The racial composition of the city was: 73.5% White, 19.9% Black or African American, 6.1% Hispanic or Latino American, 1.2% Asian American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
In the city, the population was spread out with 18.4% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.
Less than half of Wilmington's population is religiously affiliated (47.30%), with the majority of practitioners being Christian. The two largest Christian denominations in Wilmington are Protestant: Baptists (14.66%) and Methodists (8.29%), followed by Roman Catholics (7.42%). There are also a significant number of Presbyterians (3.19%), Episcopalians (2.30%), Pentecostals (1.45%), and Lutherans (1.32%). Other Christian denominations make up 7.02%, and the Latter-Day Saints have 0.90%. Much smaller is the proportion of residents who follow Islam (0.46%), and Judaism (0.25%). A small percentage of people practice Eastern religions (0.04%).
Wilmington has significant historical religious buildings, such as the Basilica Shrine of St. Mary and the Temple of Israel.
The Wilmington International Airport (ILM) serves the area with commercial air service provided by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and United Airlines. American Airlines carries a large share of the airport's traffic, and therefore flies the largest of the aircraft in and out of the airport. The airport serves over 930,000 travelers per year. The airport is also home to two fixed-base operations (FBO's) which currently house over 100 private aircraft. The airport maintains a separate International Terminal providing a full service Federal Inspection Station to clear international flights. This includes U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Dept of Agriculture and the U.S. Dept of Immigration. The airport is 4 miles from downtown and is served by Wave Transit buses.
Public transit in the area is provided by the Cape Fear Public Transportation Authority, which operates fixed bus routes, shuttles, and a free downtown trolley under the brand name Wave Transit. A daily intercity bus service to Raleigh is provided by Greyhound Lines. Wilmington is also served by Amtrak Thruway bus connections to Wilson, NC.
The City of Wilmington offers transient docking facilities in the center of Downtown Wilmington along the Cape Fear River approximately 12.5 miles (20 km) from the Intracoastal Waterway. The river depth in the run up from the ICW is in excess of 40 feet (12 m). Taxicab service is available from several vendors, however, as the price of fuel rises, yet the City's Taxi Commission keeps meter rates artificially low, there is a real likelihood that no drivers will continue to work, as their income, before taxes, now averages 30% of what it was in 1998.
The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail is primarily a multi-use trail which provides bicycle and pedestrian access to numerous recreational, cultural and educational destinations in Wilmington. The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail provides bicycle and pedestrian connection from Wade Park, Halyburton Park and Empie Park to the Heide-Trask Drawbridge at the Intracoastal Waterway. It also connects to the River to Sea Bikeway and the under construction Central College Trail and Greenville Loop Trail.
Wilmington's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; nuclear fuel; and pharmaceuticals. Wilmington is part of North Carolina's Research coast, adjacent to the Research Triangle Park in Durham, NC.
Also important to Wilmington's economy is tourism due to its close proximity to the ocean and vibrant nightlife.
Wilmington is home to the Greater Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, the oldest Chamber in North Carolina, organized in 1853. Companies with their headquarters in Wilmington include Live Oak Bank and HomeInsurance.com.
Public Schools in Wilmington are operated by the New Hanover County School System.
The city supports a very active calendar with its showcase theater, Thalian Hall, hosting about 250 events annually. The complex has been in continuous operation since it opened in 1858 and houses three performance venues, the Main Stage, the Grand Ballroom, and the Studio Theater.
The Hannah Block Second Street Stage is home to the Thalian Association Children's Theater. It is one of the main attractions at the Hannah Block Community Arts Center. The theater seats 200 and is used as a performance venue by community theater groups and other entertainment productions.
The Brooklyn Arts Center at St. Andrews is a 125-year-old building on the corner of North 4th and Campbell St in downtown Wilmington. The Brooklyn Arts Center at Saint Andrews (BAC) is on the National Register of Historic Places. The BAC is used for weddings, concerts, fundraisers, art shows, vintage flea markets, and other community-driven events.
Wilmington, otherwise known as Hollywood East, is home to EUE/Screen Gems Studios. Popular televisions series' like Sleepy Hollow, Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, SIX, Good Behavior, Eastbound and Down and Under The Dome used the stages, and multiple locations throughout the city, as well as movies like Iron Man 3, We're the Millers, The Longest Ride and The Choice. Movies shot in Wilmington include Maximum Overdrive (1986), Crimes of the Heart (1986), Year of the Dragon (1985), Blue Velvet (1986), King Kong Lives (1986), Hiding Out (1987), Raw Deal (1986), Track 29 (1988), Weeds (1987), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), The Crow (1994), Silver Bullet (1985), Firestarter (1984).
Since 1995, Wilmington hosts an annual, nationally recognized, independent film festival called "Cucalorus." It is the keystone event of The Cucalorus Film Foundation, a non-profit organization. The Foundation also sponsors weekly screenings, several short documentary projects, and the annual Kids Festival, with hands on film-making workshops.
The Cape Fear Independent Film Network also hosts a film festival annually, and the Wilmington Jewish Film Festival also takes place yearly. For several years Wilmington was also the location of fan conventions for One Tree Hill, reuniting the cast and drawing tourists to the city.
In 2014, governor Pat McCrory decided not to renew the film incentives which ended up taking a massive toll on not just Wilmington's but North Carolina's entire film industry. As a result, most productions and film businesses moved to Atlanta, GA. As of 2017, there have been attempts to bring the industry back to North Carolina via the North Carolina Film and Entertainment Grant. This grant designates $31 million per fiscal year (Jul 1-Jun 30) in film incentives.
Birthplace of Johnson Jones Hooper (1815-1862), Author of the Simon Suggs Series.
Chamber Music Wilmington was founded in 1995 and presents its four-concert "Simply Classical" series every season. The concerts are performed by world-class chamber musicians and are held at UNC-Wilmington's Beckwith Recital, acoustically designed for intimate music performances.
Celebrating its 37th year, February 2 thru 4th, 2017, the North Carolina Jazz Festival is a three-day traditional jazz festival which features world-renowned jazz musicians.
The Cape Fear Blues Society is a driving force behind blues music in Wilmington, N.C. The organization manages, staffs and sponsors weekly Cape Fear Blues Jams and the annual Cape Fear Blues Challenge talent competition (winners travel to Memphis TN for the International Blues Challenge). Its largest endeavor is the Cape Fear Blues Festival, an annual celebration that showcases local, regional and national touring blues artists performing at a variety of events and venues, including the Cape Fear Blues Cruise, Blues Workshops, an All-Day Blues Jam, and numerous live club shows. Membership in the CFBS is open to listeners and musicians alike.
The Second and Orange Street USO Club was erected by the Army Corps of Engineers at a cost of $80,000. Along with an identical structure on Nixon Street for African-American servicemen, it opened in December 1941, the same month that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. From 1941 to 1945, the USO hosted 35,000 uniformed visitors a week. Recently renovated with sensitivity to its historic character, the Hannah Block Historic USO (HBHUSO) lobby serves as a museum where World War II memorabilia and other artifacts are displayed. The building itself was rededicated in Ms. Block's name in 2006 and restored to its 1943 wartime character in 2008. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The World War II Wilmington Home Front Heritage Coalition, an all volunteer 501(c)(3) preservation organization, is the de facto preservationist of the building's history and maintains the home front museum.
Wilmington is host to many annual festivals, including, most notably, the Azalea Festival. The Azalea Festival, sponsored by the Cape Fear Garden Club, features a garden tour, historic home tour, garden party, musical performances, a parade, and a fireworks show. It takes places every year in April.
The Star-News is Wilmington's daily newspaper; read widely throughout the Lower Cape Fear region and now owned by GateHouse Media. A daily online newspaper, Port City Daily (portcitydaily.com), is owned by Local Voice Media. Two historically black newspapers are distributed and published weekly: The Wilmington Journal and The Challenger Newspapers. Encore Magazine is a weekly arts and entertainment publication.
On July 26, 2018, WHQR announced that Star-News reporter Hunter Ingram has started a new project to sort out the fact from fiction of real life stories, mythical tales or legends of Wilmington. The first episode of the podcast CapeFear Unearthed began on July 25, 2018.
WTMV, Channel (29), (Antenna TV) : licensed to Ogden, owned by Tutt Media Group Inc.
Cable news station News 14 Carolina also maintains its coastal bureau in Wilmington.
The Wilmington Sea Dawgs are a Tobacco Road Basketball League (TRBL) team in Wilmington that began its inaugural season with the American Basketball Association (ABA) in November 2006 and have also played in the Premier Basketball League, and the Continental Basketball League.
The Wilmington Hammerheads are a professional soccer team based in Wilmington. They were founded in 1996 and played in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division. Their stadium was the Legion Stadium. After the 2009 season, the USL discontinued their relationship with the franchise owner Chuck Sullivan. The Hammerheads franchise returned in 2011.
The University of North Carolina Wilmington sponsors 19 intercollegiate sports and has held Division 1 membership in the NCAA since 1977. UNCW competes in the Colonial Athletic Association and has been a member since 1984.
The Cape Fear Rugby Football Club is an amateur rugby club playing in USA Rugby South Division II. They were founded in 1974 and hosts the annual Cape Fear Sevens Tournament held over July 4 weekend; hosting teams from all over the world. They own their own rugby pitch located at 21st and Chestnut St.
Off and on, from 1900 to 2001, Wilmington has been home to a professional minor league baseball team. The Wilmington Pirates, a Cincinnati Reds farm team, were one of the top clubs in the Tobacco State League from 1946-50. Most recently the Wilmington Waves, a Class A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, played in the South Atlantic League. Former All Star catcher Jason Varitek played for Wilmington's Port City Roosters in 1995 and 1996. In 1914 the Philadelphia Phillies held spring training in Wilmington.
Caterina Jarboro, first black opera singer ever to sing on an opera stage in America. In 1999, she was inducted into the Wilmington Walk of Fame.
Clarence Kea, retired professional basketball player.
Thomas Peters, early founder of Sierra Leone, who escaped from slavery in Wilmington at the beginning of the American Revolution.
Briana Venskus, actress with recurring roles on several shows based on comics - Outcast, Supergirl, The Walking Dead and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
^ Official snowfall records for Wilmington were kept at the Weather Bureau in downtown from December 1870 to September 1951, and at Wilmington Int'l since October 1951. Precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature records date to 1 January 1871, 1 March 1873, and 1 April 1874 respectively. For more information, see ThreadEx.
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^ "What is TACT? | Children's Theater". Thalian.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Concerts, Weddings, Events in Wilmington, NC :: The Brooklyn Arts Center at St. Andrews, Wilmington, NC". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ "SIX Full Episodes, Video & More". HISTORY. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
^ Barth, Jack (1991). Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books. Pages 173-175. ISBN 9780809243266.
^ "Annual Festival of Independent Film". Cucalorus. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "History of the WJFF". Wilmington Jewish Film Festival. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
^ Staff, Hunter Ingram StarNews. "EyeCon's 'One Tree Hill' reunion conventions to end". Wilmington Star News. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
^ "North Carolina cutting film tax credit program". Los Angeles Times. August 27, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
^ "Film Incentives". North Carolina Film Office. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
^ "Wilmington Symphony Orchestra | Wilmington NC". Wilmingtonsymphony.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Wilmington Exchange Festival for Art, Music and More". We Festival. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Festival 2017". Retrieved February 5, 2017.
^ "Cape Fear Blues Society - Wilmington, NC". Capefearblues.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Wilmington, NC". Cameron Art Museum. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Cape Fear Museum". Cape Fear Museum. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Welcome to the Children's Museum of Wilmington!". Playwilmington.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Wilmington Railroad Museum". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ "Welcome to the Hannah S. Block Community Arts Center". Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ "WWII Wilmington Home Front Heritage Coalition – Wilbur Jones Compositions, L.L.C". Wilburjones.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ Davidson, Paul (May 8, 2008). "Wilmington, N.C., to test mandatory switch to digital TV". USA Today.
^ "Article no longer available".
^ Teinowitz, Ira. "FCC Confirms Wilmington as Digital Test Market". TVWeek. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ Dunbar, John. "Wilmington TV broadcasters make switch to digital". StarNewsOnline.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
^ "Cape Fear Rugby Club – Honesti Supra Et Atque Campum".
^ Holaday, Chris (2016). The Tobacco State League; A North Carolina Baseball History, 1946–1950. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-6670-9.
^ The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Sterling Publishing. 2007. p. 1789. ISBN 1-4027-4771-3.
"Wilmington, the principal seaport and largest city of North Carolina" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
"Wilmington, N. C." . The New Student's Reference Work . 1914.
Pender County is a county located in the U. S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,217, Pender County is part of the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county was formed in 1875 from New Hanover County and it was named for William Dorsey Pender of Edgecombe County, a Confederate general mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is in the section of the State and is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and New Hanover, Columbus, Sampson, Duplin. The present land area is 870.76 square miles and the 1990 population was 28,855, the county commissioners were ordered to hold their first meeting at Rocky Point. The act provided for the establishment of the town of Cowan as the county seat, whatever place was selected, the town should be called Stanford. In 1879 Stanford was changed to Burgaw, which was by that law incorporated, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 933 square miles, of which 870 square miles is land and 63 square miles is water.
It is the fifth-largest county in North Carolina by land area, the population density was 47 people per square mile. There were 20,798 housing units at a density of 24 per square mile. 3. 64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the family size was 2.90. In the county, the population was out with 23. 20% under the age of 18,7. 40% from 18 to 24,29. 50% from 25 to 44,25. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 101.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,902, and the median income for a family was $41,633. Males had an income of $31,424 versus $21,623 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,882, about 9. 50% of families and 13. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 60% of those under age 18 and 14. 40% of those age 65 or over.
USCGC Diligence is a Reliance-class United States Coast Guard 210-foot medium endurance cutter, and is the second of 16 built from 1962–1968. Fourteen of this class cutter are still in active U. S. service, all Reliance-class cutters were built with dual shafts and controllable pitch propellers, and were capable of speeds up to 18 knots. The S&R capabilities are enhanced by utilizing helicopters to extend the reach of the well beyond the horizon. The cutter Diligence was seen in the 1966 science fiction movie Around the World Under the Sea starring Lloyd Bridges. On April 23,1982, the Diligence was attacked by the navy of the newly declared Conch Republic when Key West announced that day that it was seceding from the Union in a dispute over a U. S. Border Patrol roadblock and inspection point further up the Florida Keys in front of Skeeters Last Chance Saloon. The sailing Schooner Western Union, under command of Captain John Kraus, went forth into the harbor at Key West and attacked the cutter with water balloons, Conch fritters, the Diligence fought back with fire hoses, and thus commenced the Great Battle of the Conch Republic.
Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, the fort was located on one of Cape Fear Rivers two outlets to the Atlantic Ocean on what was known as Federal Point or Confederate Point and today is known as Pleasure Island. The strength of Fort Fisher led to its being called the Southern Gibraltar, the battle of Fort Fisher was the most decisive one of the Civil War fought in North Carolina. The city of Wilmington is located 29 miles upstream from the mouth of the Cape Fear River, during the war, Wilmington was one of the most important points of entry for supplies for the Confederacy. Its port traded cotton and tobacco in exchange for goods, like munitions, clothing. This nourished both the states in general and General Robert E. Lees forces in Virginia. Trade was based on the coming and going of steamer ships of British smugglers and these vessels were called blockade runners because they had to avoid the Unions imposed maritime barricade.
Mostly, the runners came indirectly from British colonies, such as Bermuda. Often, they were forced to fly the Confederate insignia since the Union had imposed the penalty on British pirates captured in the region. After the fall of Norfolk, Virginia in May 1862, the importance of Wilmington was further increased and it became the main Confederate port on the Atlantic Ocean. Considering the Atlantic seashore, Wilmingtons defenses were so sturdy that they were surpassed by Charlestons. Wilmington resisted for a time, mainly because of Fort Fishers presence. South of Wilmington, along the Cape Fear Rivers last 20 miles, the channel had been purposely jammed with loads of wreckage and aquatic mines, which were called torpedoes. The Confederate officers conducted each ship cautiously through this barrier, particularly at Cape Fears outlet to the Atlantic, the area was enclosed by a half dozen Confederate positions. The river flowed to the sea through two relatively shallow inlets, which were partitioned by Smith Island now Bald Head Island, the existence of two inlets resulted in a crucial advantage, guided by the Confederates, the blockade runners were capable of avoiding the Union ships.
The Medium Endurance Cutter or WMEC is a type of United States Coast Guard cutter mainly consisting of the 270-foot Famous- and 210-foot Reliance-class cutters. These larger cutters are under control of Area Commands and these cutters have adequate accommodations for crew to live on board and can do 6 to 8 week patrols. S. Navy Cherokee-class fleet tug USS Zuni launched in 1943, there are 13 vessels in the Famous class, and 14 vessels still in active US service in the Reliance class. The Coast Guard plans to phase out the vessels in both of these cutter classes and replace them with the Offshore Patrol Cutter as part of the Integrated Deepwater System Program. After World War II, the Coast Guard used the US Navy hull classification system, the large, sea-going cutters were classified primarily as Coast Guard gunboats, destroyer escorts, and seaplane tenders. In 1965 the Coast Guard adopted its own system and these large cutters were referred to as Coast Guard High Endurance Cutters. The coastal cutters once known as Cruising Cutters, Second Class, the Famous-class vessels have hull numbers in the range from WMEC-901 through WMEC-913.
The Coast Guard harvested weapons systems components from decommissioned Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates to save money, harvesting components from four decommissioned frigates resulted in more than $24 million in cost savings, which increased with parts from more decommissioned frigates. The Reliance-class vessels have hull numbers in the range from WMEC-615 through WMEC-630, the 210s received upgrades and modifications during the 1986 through 1990 time period. The A class cutters had their gas turbines removed, and all 210s had their stern transom exhaust systems replaced with a traditional stack, while this modification reduced the size of the flight deck, they were still more than capable of carrying out helicopter operations. Other modifications included enlarging the area, replacing the main armament. The modifications cost approximately $20 million per cutter, well above their original cost of about $3.5 million each, courageous was decommissioned on 19 September 2001. She was transferred to the government of Sri Lanka on 24 June 2004 as SLNS Samudura, durable was decommissioned on 20 September 2001.
The Cape Fear River is a 202 miles long blackwater river in east central North Carolina in the United States. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Fear, from which it takes its name, in October 1662, the English explorer William Hilton Jr. made a three-week reconnaissance of the lower reaches of the Cape Fear River. We weighed, and went into ye Haven, where was 5.6.7.8 fathoms water, and in a time, spent with ye indians. Leagues into ye river, and after in our long boate, hiltons report contained favorable comments on the fish and wildlife of the region. He noted vast meddows, besides upland fields, greatt swamps laden with varieties of great oakes, and other trees of all sorts, and the potential for good growing conditions. Hilton wrote that the Indians were very poor and silly Creatures, that he had observed fewer than one hundred of them and he wished all Englishmen, that know how to improve and use a plentiful Countrey and condition, not to delay to posses it. During his 1664 visit, Hilton remained almost two months on the Cape Fear, the explorers spent much of their time on the Northeast Branch which they felt was the main channel.
They anchored their ship and rowed the ships long-boat on trips up several tributaries, the longest of these explorations was four days travel up-stream and two back down. As the Hilton party left the Cape Fear they made a purchase of the river and land of Cape Fair and they found a warning near the mouth of the river left by the New Englanders which disparaged the country and warned against settlement there. It is formed at Haywood, near the county line between Lee and Chatham counties, by the confluence of the Deep and Haw rivers just below Jordan Lake. It flows southeast past Lillington and Elizabethtown, receives the Black River approximately 10 miles northwest of Wilmington. At Wilmington, it receives the Northeast Cape Fear River and Brunswick River, turns south, widening as an estuary, during the colonial era, the river provided a principal transportation route to the interior of North Carolina. Today the river is navigable as far as Fayetteville through a series of locks, the estuary of the river furnishes a segment of the route of the Intracoastal Waterway.
Carolina Beach is a town in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,052 at the 2000 census and 5,706 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Wilmington metropolitan area. The community of Wilmington Beach was annexed by the town in 2000, Carolina Beach is located at 34°2′12″N 77°53′49″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 2.5 square miles.2.2 square miles of it is land and 0.2 square miles of it is water. As of the census of 2013, there were 2,296 households, the population density was 2,086.4 people per square mile. There were 4,086 housing units at a density of 1,813.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 98. 94% White,0. 39% African American,0. 50% Asian,35. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the family size was 2.59. In the town, the population was out with 14. 8% under the age of 18,7. 1% from 18 to 24,31. 0% from 25 to 44,34. 5% from 45 to 64.
The median age is 44 years, for every 100 females there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males, the median income for a household in the town is $37,662, and the median income for a family was $44,882. Males had an income of $31,013 versus $21,241 for females. The per capita income for the town is $24,128, about 8. 4% of families and 14. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. 9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. LORAN-C transmitter Carolina Beach Fort Fisher North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher Carolina Beach State Park The Boardwalk- There are several eateries, two pizza shops, an ice cream store, a snow cone stand, as well as a sit down restaurant can be found along the small strip. In the summer beach goers can enjoy the rides and games located just off the boardwalks concrete stretch. Live music and fireworks are not to be missed in the summer, if youre looking for year-round entertainment guests can always visit the arcade or gift shops that are located on the main stretch.
Bridge from Sinuiju, North Korea across the Yalu River to Dandong with North Korean trucks coming into China.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is headquartered in the Watergate complex, Washington, D.C.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation's former headquarters of 35 years, the Andrew Mellon Building, located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The National Trust moved its headquarters to the Watergate complex in 2013.
The Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C.
Cape Fear Museum in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
Deer exhibit at Cape Fear Museum.
Restored 1876 classroom at Cape Fear Museum.
The Cape Fear River at Smith Creek in Wilmington, NC.


Winter is coming quickly. Do you know what that means for your hair? It can become dry, brittle and full of static electricity. Not exactly how you want your hair to look at the many holiday parties you plan to attend. So here are some tips on combating dry hair and hair full of static. Let's start with dry hair tips.
Make a hair mask using an avocado and an egg. Mash a ripe avocado with one egg and apply to wet hair. Leave on for 20 minutes and rinse until all the mixture is out of your hair. If your hair is very dry and damaged, you can do this once a week. If it is healthy and you're just trying to get some luster in your hair, try it monthly.
Condition your hair in olive oil. Warm a ½ cup of olive oil and rub it into your hair. Cover with plastic wrap or a plastic bag and wrap in a towel. Sit for 45 minutes then shampoo and rinse. Make sure you don't boil the olive oil while warming it.
Rinse with apple cider vinegar or unsweetened tea to clarify your hair without drying it out. If you're blonde, use chamomile tea because black tea could stain it. If you are brunette or have dark hair, use black tea because it can enhance shine and color.
Try a conditioner with botanical oils. Think olive oil, jojoba oil, sweet almond oil and coconut oil. You can also use these oils on damp hair, leave on for 30 minutes then rinse and shampoo.
Instead of rubbing your hair with a towel after you get out of the shower, try wrapping it up with an old cotton t-shirt to absorb the moisture.
Use a humidifier at night to keep moisture in the air to help your skin and hair become less dry.
Now, let's learn how to get rid of the dreaded hair static that often plagues us in the winter.
Use dryer sheets. You can use them directly on your hair static or rub them on brushes and combs to help static from spreading.
If you're in a pinch, use a little bit of hand lotion. Put some in your hands and rub it through your hair and smooth any flyaways. Just remember if you use too much, your hair will become greasy.
Try a frizz control spray. It will not only help get rid of frizz, but help reduce static as well.
Remember that humidifier we talked about for dry hair? It should help reduce static as well.
Use hairspray. Even if you aren't trying to hold a fantastic hairstyle, use a little hairspray in your hair and on your brushes to reduce static.
If you dry your hair, use an ionic dryer. It will reduce the time it takes to dry your hair and it will neutralize the electric charge that creates static. There are some inexpensive ones out there if you're worried about price.
Plastic combs can contribute to static. Try a rubber or metal comb instead.
Try a silicone-based conditioner. It has been said silicone coats your hair strands and neutralizes an electric charge.
Use a natural bristle brush. They reduce static and also help distribute your hair's natural oils evenly, which will make your hair shinier.
Avoid rubber-soled shoes. They accumulate electric charge that makes your hair staticky and can give you that shock when you touch something like a doorknob.


text:
Q: CI & MySQL; using LIKE on a delimited string Maybe LIKE isn't the proper solution for what I'm attempting to do; but what I'm looking to achieve is to take a string retrieved from the database. (i.e. tags [ tag1,tag2,tag3,tag4 ]) - then compare each value (delimited by the comma) and return like rows accordingly.
<?
$string = 'tag1,tag2,tag3,tag4';
$tags = explode(',', $string);
foreach ( $tags as $tag )
{
    $this->db->limit(2); $this->db->like('Tags', $tag);
    $result = $this->db->get('table');
    $recommend[] = $result;
}

This is the best I could understand how to do what I'm looking for, but I'm quite confused on the LIKE method in general of CI's Active Record Class.
Is performing searches on delimited string in a database even really entirely wise?

Thanks for the input, and ideas you two. MySQL goes a bit over my head, but after reading a bit about the things possible with relational databases; I'm going to attempt to learn this process so I can build my database more efficient.
My database is going to be a catalog of video games and files, so obviously that means it's going to reach insane amounts of entries - so attempting to look through any sort of string for possible returned rows would be by far the dumbest thing I could do in the long run.
Again, thanks for the information and ideas.

A: If you have a properly normalized database, tags should be split up to a new table as this is a one-to-many (or maybe even a many-to-many) relationship.
However, the easiest way to achieve this is to also place a comma before the first tag, and after the last, and simply search for:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE Tags LIKE "%,coleslaw,%";
But yes, this is bad, and can be slow if your table grows as you will not be able to utilize indexes.

A: There is a FIELD command in MySQL that you might be able to take advantage of.  You can read up on it here.
But in general, performing searches on delimited strings, or substrings in general, in a database will kill performance as you will lose any indexing when matching on the substring.  If you have a thousand rows, MySQL will have to scan through all one thousand rows before discovering that there is no match.  This applies to both Like and Substring appearing in a where clause.  Many database implementations specifically provide a BEGINS WITH operator that can still take advantage of indexing, but I'm not aware of this in MySQL.
Consider instead breaking the string up during insertion, and storing each word seperately in a different table.  If you find that you do this a lot, consider an engine built for text searching, such as Lucene.  You can use PHP with Lucene through SOLR.  While I throw that out there, it may very well be complete overkill for your project.
I know this probably isn't what you want to hear, but your gut is correct on this one.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Featured Profile: Axel Gosseries
Age in the Coronavirus Age
As soon as the COVID-19 pandemic took off, the intergenerational framing of the issues started spreading. What triggered such a framing is probably the higher hospitalization and mortality rate among 50+. This has led in turn to a series of important questions.
Age in triage
The first one has to do with the use of age as a triage criterion, for allocating access to intensive care unit (ICU) beds in short supply. The issue gained visibility, even though in several European countries, ICU beds never actually reached their full capacity. The COVID-19 crisis led to revising recommendations for access to hospital beds and other scarce health care resources such as respirators. In such recommendations, the use of the age criterion was questioned in some cases (e.g. Belgium), accepted in others (e.g. Italy). Yet, was it challenged or endorsed for the right reasons?
Recommendations were often drafted by actors from the medical sector focusing on the medical efficiency of medical interventions. What was then questioned or recognized was age's ability to serve as a good predictor of the chances of success of a medical intervention. Some recommendations considered it sufficiently reliable, and others not. However, focusing on age as a predictor of medical efficiency misses other important functions of the age criterion. Crucial in this respect is the fact that the age that a person has reached is a key criterion for anyone concerned about inequalities between short-lived and long-lived persons, or about improving the situation of short-lived people in priority. The length of one's existence is one of the essential resources that one can dispose of to pursue the projects that give meaning to our lives. Hence, the use of an age criterion in access to life-saving care can be seen as a way of reducing inequalities in longevities, or avoiding to worsen them through health care.
From that perspective, if we have to choose between saving a young and an old patient, it does not matter so much whether the young patient is in a better shape than the old one – and whether age is a good predictor for that. What matters is instead that if we don't allocate access to an ICU bed to the young patient, she will end up having lived a much shorter life than the other, already old, patient. This is a very different way of understanding the age criterion than the one focusing on age as a reliable proxy for medical efficiency purposes. From that perspective, challenging the reliability of age as a proxy is off target.
In addition, to those rather attracted to a lottery option, being somehow averse to "playing god" and to deciding on any substantive criterion, one can respond that age can itself be read through the lottery prism under certain conditions. By using the age criterion, it is the lottery of our date of birth that is used to determine access to medical resources.
Of course, I am not saying that reducing inequalities in longevities or maximizing the longevity of the least well off should trump all other possible goals of a triage system. Yet, I think that anyone aiming at equal concern towards competing patients in COVID-19-like circumstances should take age seriously in the broadly egalitarian spirit just characterized. And it remains an open question to social scientists why the medical profession has actually not taken this perspective on age more seriously. Perhaps it results from their focus on efficiency more than on equality. And perhaps this focus is itself driven by the mistaken view that efficiency concerns are more internal to - or in line with - medical (as opposed to social) criteria than are equality concerns. This bias is probably also unnoticed by the general public either because of the fact that efficiency and equality concerns often converge on the same age criteria (in cases where the age criterion is endorsed) or because of the increasingly widespread view that age should simply be seen as equally problematic as gender and race (in cases where the age criterion is rejected). Yet, age is special, in a manner that, I submit, renders it normatively different from sex and race, for reasons I explain shortly. We should closely scrutinize the many age-based practices that our societies are involved in. But we should also be cautious about too quickly rejecting each and every age-based policy as "ageist" in some morally problematic sense.
A key building block in any reasoning on the age issue is the lifetime view, a view according to which any age-based differential treatment should always be assessed from the point of view of its impact over people's entire lives, as opposed to its isolated impact only at a particular time or during a given phase of their existence. The lifetime view is a family of views. And anyone endorsing distributive concerns should take a stance on it, be it to endorse it, reject it, or adjust it. What the view says is that it is generally unjustified to merely look at the impact of an age-based rule at a given moment in time or for a given part of someone's life, without asking whether this rule also increases inequalities over people's entire lifetimes, rather than being neutral or even "isogenic" – meaning in the latter case that some age-based rules may actually reduce lifetime inequalities, hence generate more equality. The use of age in deciding on access to ICU beds is arguably a case in point of such an isogenic use.
Note that endorsing the lifetime view does not necessarily commit us to endorsing the view that beyond a certain age, people's life is supposed to be "complete", in the sense of fully accomplished in its core respects. The latter view would justify an age threshold beyond which entitlements would significantly drop in strength and/or change in nature. What the lifetime view merely stresses is the need to assess how people are likely to fare over their entire life under various policy scenarios. And plausible versions of the lifetime view claim that for the purposes of such a lifetime assessment, different persons´ longevity may matter a great deal. As a result, a concern for the short-lived as being disadvantaged may command some degree of preference for the young.
Besides the use of age in triage, a second issue concerning justice and age has quickly become salient in the COVID crisis: the disaster experienced in care homes. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 crisis will trigger reflection about care homes: whether they should exist at all, which minimum safety requirements they should meet, how they should be funded, what their purpose should be, etc. Without denying the uncertainties we were facing, let us assume, realistically I think, that we could have done much better in care home in countries like Belgium, France or Spain. Interestingly enough, it is a challenge to anyone taking the age criterion seriously and endorsing the lifetime view to explain what is wrong with the very high mortality rates experienced in care homes. Since they reduce inequalities between short-lived and long-lived persons, some people may hastily conclude that defenders of the lifetime view should rather see such high mortality rates as… welcome.
There are at least two ways of avoiding such a conclusion. The first one stresses that the lifetime view does not need to disregard efficiency concerns. If our principle of justice is sensitive to whether lives could have been easily saved, a defender of the lifetime view does not need to accept what happened in care homes. Of course, if letting older people die in care homes were absolutely necessary to save younger lives, the story would be different. But I submit that this is not a realistic description of what happened.
Alternatively, rather than stressing that our principle of justice needs not be exclusively concerned about reducing inequalities, we may also consider that it is the scope of the lifetime concern that should be properly understood. Aiming at maximally improving the situation of the short-lived or more generally of the least advantaged over her lifetime may be constrained by other values. These can include a rejection of social segregation or a sense of minimum decency that should apply at any moment in time, regardless of people's respective ages. And it is plausible that the way in which we have let old people die in care homes failed to comply with such requirement. In short, those concerned about age-based policy should look both at the lifetime perspective and at what may point at failures of such a lifetime perspective, taken in its pure form, to capture our moral intuitions on the matter.
Sacrificing the young
As we entered lockdown a third age-related issue emerged. Somehow, as our elderly members were dying at shocking rates, often being treated with so little recognition that they sometimes didn't even deserve being included in the mortality statistics, the idea of "sacrificing the young" started being invoked by authors especially concerned with (the stringency of) lockdown. There is no question that, had we properly anticipated what has happened, a lockdown so restrictive as the one that has been imposed in e.g. Spain or Italy could have been avoided. It is also clear that the lockdown itself has led and will continue to lead to major impacts on people's lives, regardless of whether the absence of lockdown would have done better. The question is whether we should adopt here an intergenerational framing again, such that lockdown advocates should be blamed for having disregarded the interests of the young.
Here, I would stress three considerations. First, in line with the lifetime intuition above, it is important to assess the impact of lockdown on the young not only as an age group, but more importantly as a birth cohort, all along their current and future lives. It is likely that the COVID-19 crisis will have durable scarring effects on all of us, throughout our lives. It might have stronger ones on those who belong to more recent birth cohorts as a result of e.g. the fact that economic sectors that have been especially affected are also those in which youth employment is more important.
Second, I doubt that this special impact in itself generates separate obligations towards the young, e.g. of a reciprocity type. What it does is add to all the other dimensions of what we are already expected to be transferring to the next generation. It could very well be that the world we are passing on is less favorable than the one we inherited, as a result of climate inaction, the way in which we unleash financial markets, etc. The effect of the COVID-19 crisis and of our (non-)reaction to it on the various generations at stake should simply be treated as part of this whole inheritance package.
The third and last point is about the "sacrifice" rhetoric. I don't think it was fair to apply it specifically to the young, at a time in which we were letting our elderly parents die in care homes or in ICUs at rates that a proper preparation could have avoided. There is no contradiction in simultaneously claiming that we sacrificed the elderly through our messy reaction and that the lockdown will have a possibly lasting and more marked effect on some generations, an effect that any theory of justice between generations that incorporates at least some distributive concern should take seriously. Doing that does not require that we shift the focus of the word "sacrifice" from those who irreversibly lost their life – often without even being able to exchange a few last words with their close relatives -, to those who may still recover from it, especially if surviving overlapping generations really care about acting fairly towards one another. And of course, as we start knowing more about both the virus and the effects of lockdown, the differential impact on different cohorts should be an important element to consider in deciding how our control strategy should evolve.
Axel Gosseries is a FNRS Research Professor and a Professeur extraordinaire at the Chaire Hoover, Louvain-La-Neuve. He has published extensively on intergenerational justice and his books and articles have appeared in various languages. After agreeing to write for Demography, Ethics and Public Policy, Axel proposed to write a post on the intergenerational dimensions of the ongoing Covid pandemic rather than a profile on his most recent academic project. We thank Axel for this timely contribution to DEPP.
Archard, D & A. Caplan, 2020. "Is it wrong to prioritise younger patients with covid-19?", BMJ, April 22
Bou-Habib, P., 2011. "Distributive justice, dignity and the lifetime view", STP, 37(2): 285-310
Ehni, H.-J. & H-W Wahl, 2020. "Six Propositions against Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic", JASP, 32(4-5): 515-525
Fleurbaey, M., M.-L. Leroux & G. Ponthière, 2014. "Compensating the dead", JME, 51: 28-41
Gosseries, A., 2014. "What makes age discrimination special? A philosophical look at the ECJ case law", NJLP, 43(1): 59-80
Kerstein, S. & Bognar, G., 2010. "Complete Lives in the Balance", AJB, 10(4): 37-45
McKerlie, D., 2012. Justice Between the Young and the Old, Oxford: OUP, 240p.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Puerto Rico's finances
Hurricane warning
A government agency's missed bond payment heralds a messy bankruptcy
Finance and economicsAug 6th 2015 edition
IT WAS barely a month ago that Alejandro García Padilla, the governor of Puerto Rico, first asserted that the American territory's $72-billion public debt was unsustainable. At the time, his warning that the only alternative to a comprehensive restructuring was a "unilateral and unplanned non-payment of obligations" was seen by most as a spur to negotiations with creditors. But on August 3rd Puerto Rico's Public Finance Corporation (PFC), a government agency, failed to make a $58m payment to bondholders. "We don't have the money," explained Víctor Suárez, the governor's chief of staff.
The PFC depends on the island's legislature to appropriate funds to service its debts. But following a decade of uninterrupted recession, lawmakers were unwilling to extract more revenue from taxpayers. A loss of faith among investors, meanwhile, has left them unable to tap the capital markets. As a result, the PFC only managed to send off $628,000. Moody's, a rating agency, promptly announced that it considered the bond in default.
The PFC's missed payment is unlikely to set off an immediate cascade of lawsuits or further defaults. Its bonds are technically nothing more than a "moral obligation", without any legal mechanism to enforce payment. The government insists that the failure to pay should not be considered a default at all, since the bond's terms only oblige the PFC to pay what the legislature has appropriated.
Just three days before the PFC stiffed its creditors, the Government Development Bank, another official agency, made a $170m payment on its debts. And if other bits of Puerto Rico's government default, over $10 billion of its liabilities are backed by municipal-bond insurers, which say they have ample reserves to keep creditors paid on time.
Nonetheless, the PFC's default accelerates Puerto Rico's debt crisis. It extinguishes any hope that the island's creditors might somehow avoid losses. It also ends whatever access to commercial finance the government might still have had.
Provoking a sense of urgency may well have been Mr García Padilla's intention. Puerto Rico's awkward status within the United States leaves it in an unenviable position. Because it is not a state, but rather a self-governing territory, its agencies cannot use the portion of federal bankruptcy law that pertains to the public sector, known as Chapter Nine. This has been used by insolvent governments on the mainland (such as the city of Detroit) to reduce their liabilities. But after the island's legislature passed its own version of Chapter Nine last year, federal courts struck it down on the ground that only Congress can alter bankruptcy laws. That left the governor with no choice but to beseech Congress to amend the law to allow territories such as Puerto Rico to invoke Chapter Nine, a plea that has so far fallen on deaf ears.
By missing a relatively insignificant payment, Puerto Rico has made immediate the previously remote spectre of a chaotic, piecemeal default among its many different agencies and types of bond. That may increase the odds of congressional action, as well as encouraging litigation-shy creditors to negotiate.
Even if such brinkmanship succeeds, however, the extension of Chapter Nine would not be a cure-all. It would not help with Puerto Rico's $13 billion of "general obligation" bonds, which are protected by a clause in the island's constitution that guarantees their holders first claim on all "available revenues".
Should Congress fail to act, precious little time remains to work out a contingency plan. Puerto Rico is not even planning to make an initial offer to its creditors until August 31st, and is due to make payments of $1.3 billion (1.5% of the island's output) in December and January alone. The island's biggest creditors, fund managers such as Oppenheimer and Franklin Templeton, have shown little willingness to cut a deal. Puerto Rico is prone to hurricanes. The PFC's default puts a destructive legal and financial storm squarely on the horizon.
This article appeared in the Finance and economics section of the print edition under the headline "Hurricane warning"
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Our team is what? Red hot!
This past weekend, I participated in my first ever Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival, and it was AMAZING!!!
I've lived in Ottawa since 2013, and every spring/summer I see all the boats on the water and think, "Man, that looks like fun!" Well, this year, I made a point to find out how I could be a part of the festivities. I joined a team organized by the Ottawa Sport & Social Club (OSSC) back in mid-May, and we practiced every Tuesday evening, for six weeks, until race weekend.


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Posted on October 5, 2018 by John Hinderaker in Academic left, Brett Kavanaugh, Democrats, Media Bias
Brett Kavanaugh will be confirmed to the Supreme Court tomorrow, bringing to a close one of the most appalling episodes in American political history. The Democrats' shameful treatment of Robert Bork in 1987 has distorted our politics–not just the politics of the Supreme Court–for the last 30 years. But the slanders the Democratic Party directed toward Kavanaugh were, if anything, even more disgraceful. We will feel their impact for many years to come.
So, looking to the future, what are the notable features of our political landscape?
1) The validation of violence for political ends. This didn't start with the Kavanaugh nomination. It has been brewing for a while. Barack Obama famously said, "If they bring a knife to the fight, we bring a gun." Antifa has been taking Obama at his word for some years.
What we are seeing today is mob action by Democratic Party activists: harassing Republicans when they go out to dinner or walk through airports; busing activists to Republicans' homes to harass them and frighten their children; invading Republican Congressional offices with threatening mobs; and, in some cases, shooting or violently assaulting Republican office-holders. I wrote yesterday about Kellie Paul's appeal to Cory Booker to withdraw his incitements to violence. Maxine Waters is another prominent Democrat who has endorsed immoral and potentially illegal harassment of Republicans.
Why are Democrats confident that political violence is a one-way street? Conservatives are, on average, better armed than liberals and–I think it is safe to say–more personally formidable. Yet liberals clearly have no fear that conservatives will respond to their violence and mob intimidation in kind. I think that is because they assume we are better than they are. We care about our country, we value its institutions, and we try to maintain the basic presumption of good faith that underlies our democratic system.
The Democrats are right to think that we are better than they are, but conservatives' patience is not infinite. The potential for significant political violence is higher today than it has been at any time since the Great Depression, and perhaps since the Civil War. The Democrats are sowing the wind, and they may reap the whirlwind.
2) The final discrediting of the liberal media. This is nothing new, of course. But the manner in which the liberal press jumped on board with the absurd allegations against Judge Kavanaugh exposed reporters and editors, perhaps to an unprecedented degree, as nothing more than Democratic Party activists. The press publicized the most absurd fabrications about Kavanaugh as though they were news: He organized gang rapes when he was in high school!
And they solemnly declared Christine Ford to be "credible," when the facts showed that she had massively changed (i.e., fabricated) her story in collaboration with Democratic Judiciary Committee staffers, and when every witness identified by her repudiated her account. The press elevated a transparent liar to the status of a heroine, for political purposes.
Not to mention the ridiculous hypocrisy of smearing a man with the strongest possible reputation on the basis of an unsupported 36-year-old allegation, dating to high school, while studiously ignoring the far more recent and actually true claims of sexual abuse that have been levied against a succession of Democrats. If you are a Democratic Party reporter–as virtually all of them are–any smear will do, as long as it is directed against a Republican. Otherwise, you avert your eyes.
A lot of voters who are perhaps too young to remember Rathergate learned something about the "mainstream" media in the course of the press's crazed attacks on Judge Kavanaugh.
3) The yawning chasm between our institutions and our people. Not just the press, but America's institutions in general disgraced themselves by endorsing the Democratic Party's absurd smear campaign. Take the American Bar Association–please! The liberal ABA has long been a joke when it comes to politics, but to its credit, its committee on nominations unanimously acknowledged that Brett Kavanaugh is "well qualified" to serve on the Supreme Court, its highest rating. But ABA President Robert Carlson, apparently going rogue, authored an anti-Kavanaugh letter. Within the last few hours, it was reported that the ABA is "re-evaluating" its endorsement of Kavanaugh. Of course it is: the ABA is a Democratic Party tool. I know, I was a member for many years.
Then we have the universities. Again, this is nothing new, but the facts are particularly stark, given the thinness of the Democrats' attacks on Kavanaugh. Kavanaugh graduated from Yale and Yale Law School, and after an initial expression of support from those who had anything to do with him at Yale Law School, the worm turned. Academics, including those at Yale, pretty much universally joined the Democrats' lynch party.
And Kavanaugh has been teaching for some years at Harvard Law School at the invitation of former law school dean and now Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan. This is because Kavanaugh is universally acknowledged to be a brilliant legal scholar. But 40 Harvard Law professors signed a letter opposing their colleague's confirmation to the Court, and the law school has announced that Kavanaugh will not be returning as a teacher.
Meanwhile, polls show that most Americans want Kavanaugh to be confirmed. Most people know little about the legal issues that Supreme Court justices address, but they have a basic sense of fairness. It wasn't hard to see that the Democrats behaved in an outrageous manner, or that Kavanaugh is a brilliant and decent man.
Professors at Harvard Law School, Yale Law School and the like think their opinions should influence the rest of us because they are exceptionally smart and knowledgeable. Does anyone buy that claim anymore? I certainly don't, and I graduated from Harvard Law School. I agree with Bill Buckley: I would rather be governed by the first 2,000 names in the Boston telephone directory than by the 2,000 people on the faculty of Harvard University.
4) In that context, Donald Trump is the man of the hour. The incoherent Democrats are reduced to street violence, the press is discredited, our institutions are mostly pathetic. Who benefits? President Donald J. Trump. Trump truly is the man of the hour. Trump has been on to the "fake news" press from the beginning. And if there ever was any fake news, it is Christine Ford's Democrat-engineered lie. Trump represents normal Americans who didn't go to Harvard or Yale but have a modicum of common sense, which many professors at those institutions obviously don't.
Trump nominated a solidly conservative justice to the Supreme Court, and steadfastly stood by him despite the Democrats' wacko smears. I don't think the Democrats understand how many millions of people view their smear campaign with contempt, and appreciate President Trump for standing by his nominee.
Who is about to be confirmed. This is a huge victory for those who vote for Republicans but sometimes despair as to whether it does any good. It is victory, not defeat, that motivates voters. Confirmation of a sane, brilliant, non-political justice to to the Supreme Court is a signal victory for normal Americans. And we have Donald J. Trump to thank. His approval rating is surging, as well it should.
I didn't see this coming two years ago, but President Trump is now the standard-bearer for normal Americans who resist the encroachments of the far Left, which now owns the Democratic Party.
Reddit14


Max Roach, a founder of modern jazz who rewrote the rules of drumming in the 1940's and spent the rest of his career breaking musical barriers and defying listeners' expectations, died early today in Manhattan. He was 83.
His death was announced today by a spokesman for Blue Note records, on which he frequently appeared. No cause was given. Mr. Roach had been known to be ill for several years.
As a young man, Mr. Roach, a percussion virtuoso capable of playing at the most brutal tempos with subtlety as well as power, was among a small circle of adventurous musicians who brought about wholesale changes in jazz. He remained adventurous to the end.
Over the years he challenged both his audiences and himself by working not just with standard jazz instrumentation, and not just in traditional jazz venues, but in a wide variety of contexts, some of them well beyond the confines of jazz as that word is generally understood.
He led a "double quartet" consisting of his working group of trumpet, saxophone, bass and drums plus a string quartet. He led an ensemble consisting entirely of percussionists. He dueted with uncompromising avant-gardists like the pianist Cecil Taylor and the saxophonist Anthony Braxton. He performed unaccompanied. He wrote music for plays by Sam Shepard and dance pieces by Alvin Ailey. He collaborated with video artists, gospel choirs and hip-hop performers.
He found himself in historic situations from the beginning of his career. He was still in his teens when he played drums with the alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, a pioneer of modern jazz, at a Harlem after-hours club in 1942. Within a few years, Mr. Roach was himself recognized as a pioneer in the development of the sophisticated new form of jazz that came to be known as bebop.
He was not the first drummer to play bebop — Kenny Clarke, 10 years his senior, is generally credited with that distinction — but he quickly established himself as both the most imaginative percussionist in modern jazz and the most influential.
In Mr. Roach's hands, the drum kit became much more than a means of keeping time. He saw himself as a full-fledged member of the front line, not simply as a supporting player.
Layering rhythms on top of rhythms, he paid as much attention to a song's melody as to its beat. He developed, as the jazz critic Burt Korall put it, "a highly responsive, contrapuntal style," engaging his fellow musicians in an open-ended conversation while maintaining a rock-solid pulse. His approach "initially mystified and thoroughly challenged other drummers," Mr. Korall wrote, but quickly earned the respect of his peers and established a new standard for the instrument.
In 1972, he became one of the first jazz musicians to teach full time at the college level when he was hired as a professor at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. And in 1988, he became the first jazz musician to receive a so-called genius grant from the MacArthur Foundation.
Maxwell Roach was born on Jan. 10, 1924, in the small town of New Land, N.C., and grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. He began studying piano at a neighborhood Baptist church when he was 8 and took up the drums a few years later.
Even before he graduated from Boys High School in 1942, savvy New York jazz musicians knew his name. As a teenager he worked briefly with Duke Ellington's orchestra at the Paramount Theater and with Charlie Parker at Monroe's Uptown House in Harlem, where he took part in jam sessions that helped lay the groundwork for bebop.
By the middle 1940's, he had become a ubiquitous presence on the New York jazz scene, working in the 52nd Street nightclubs with Parker, the trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and other leading modernists. Within a few years he had become equally ubiquitous on record, participating in such seminal recordings as Miles Davis's "Birth of the Cool" sessions in 1949 and 1950.
Mr. Roach made the transition from sideman to leader in 1954, when he and the young trumpet virtuoso Clifford Brown formed a quintet. That group, which specialized in a muscular and stripped-down version of bebop that came to be called hard bop, took the jazz world by storm. But it was short-lived.
In June 1956, at the height of the Brown-Roach quintet's success, Brown was killed in an automobile accident, along with Richie Powell, the group's pianist, and Powell's wife. The sudden loss of his friend and co-leader, Mr. Roach later recalled, plunged him into depression and heavy drinking from which it took him years to emerge.
Nonetheless, he kept working. He honored his existing nightclub bookings with the two surviving members of his group, the saxophonist Sonny Rollins and the bassist George Morrow, before briefly taking time off and putting together a new quartet. By the end of the 50's, seemingly recovered from his depression, he was recording prolifically, mostly as a leader but occasionally as a sideman with Mr. Rollins and others.
The personnel of Mr. Roach's working group changed frequently over the next decade, but the level of artistry and innovation remained high. His sidemen included such important musicians as the saxophonists Eric Dolphy, Stanley Turrentine and George Coleman and the trumpet players Donald Byrd, Kenny Dorham and Booker Little. Few of his groups had a pianist, making for a distinctively open ensemble sound in which Mr. Roach's drums were prominent.
Always among the most politically active of jazz musicians, Mr. Roach had helped the bassist Charles Mingus establish one of the first musician-run record companies, Debut, in 1952. Eight years later, the two organized a so-called rebel festival in Newport, R.I., to protest the Newport Jazz Festival's treatment of performers. That same year, Mr. Roach collaborated with the lyricist Oscar Brown Jr. on "We Insist! Freedom Now Suite," which played variations on the theme of black people's struggle for equality in the United States and Africa.
The album, which featured vocals by Abbey Lincoln (Mr. Roach's frequent collaborator and, from 1962 to 1970, his wife), received mixed reviews: many critics praised its ambition, but some attacked it as overly polemical. Mr. Roach was undeterred.
As his range of activities expanded, his career as a bandleader became less of a priority. At the same time, the market for his uncompromising brand of small-group jazz began to diminish. By the time he joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts in 1972, teaching had come to seem an increasingly attractive alternative to the demands of the musician's life.
Joining the academy did not mean turning his back entirely on performing. In the early '70s, Mr. Roach joined with seven fellow drummers to form M'Boom, an ensemble that achieved tonal and coloristic variety through the use of xylophones, chimes, steel drums and other percussion instruments. Later in the decade he formed a new quartet, two of whose members — the saxophonist Odean Pope and the trumpeter Cecil Bridgewater — would perform and record with him off and on for more than two decades.
He also participated in a number of unusual experiments. He appeared in concert in 1983 with a rapper, two disc jockeys and a team of break dancers. A year later, he composed music for an Off Broadway production of three Sam Shepard plays, for which he won an Obie Award. In 1985, he took part in a multimedia collaboration with the video artist Kit Fitzgerald and the stage director George Ferencz.
This endeavor had personal as well as musical significance for Mr. Roach: the Uptown String Quartet's founder and viola player was his daughter Maxine. She survives him, as do two other daughters, Ayo and Dara, and two sons, Raoul and Darryl.
By the early '90s, Mr. Roach had reduced his teaching load and was again based in New York year-round, traveling to Amherst only for two residencies and a summer program each year. He was still touring with his quartet as recently as 2000, and he also remained active as a composer. In 2002 he wrote and performed the music for "How to Draw a Bunny," a documentary about the artist Ray Johnson.


Sound Sleep training for trainers runs over one day and was originally designed for secondary schools as a teaching resource. Since then, however, it has become apparent that the training is relevant to anyone who works with teenagers or young people, as well as those working with primary school-aged children. This includes professionals working with youth groups, colleges and even some workplaces e.g. those with a high number of apprentices.
to introduce participants to the physiology of sleep, adolescent sleep and sleep disorders.
to give participants an understanding of how to get a good night's sleep: overview of sleep hygiene theory and putting it into practice.
to explain and demonstrate how to use the Sound Sleep teaching pack: aims, objectives and practical examples.
to explain how to become a sleep ambassador: planning, implementing and monitoring sleep awareness in schools.
sleep lessons to children and young people.
training to other professionals, who work with primary or secondary school pupils, to use the teaching resource manual.
The cost of attending this course is £195. This includes the cost of the teachers' pack. Early bird and group discounts may apply.
As with all Sleep Scotland training, Sound Sleep Training is available for commission. This is suitable for any team who work with groups of mainstream school-aged children or teenagers and who wish to train between 14 and 24 members of staff. This will be the most cost-effective way of training a number of people and we would encourage you to invite other teams in your locality, where appropriate, to share the cost.
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Szabó Oreszt (Kövesliget, 1867. október 8. – Budapest, 1939. december 4.) ruszin-magyar politikus, az őszirózsás forradalom után a magyarországi ruszinokhoz rendelt kormánybiztos, majd miniszter.

Életrajza
Kövesligeten (ukránul Drahovo, régiesen Drahova) született ruszin-magyar vegyes családba. A Budapesti Egyetemen szerzett jogi diplomát, majd Bereg vármegye közigazgatásában helyezkedett el a főispán titkáraként. 1902-ben a Magyarországi Görögkatolikusok Egyesületének elnöke lett. 1913-tól kezdve a Belügyminisztériumban dolgozott, mint miniszteri titkár. Az őszirózsás forradalom győzelmét követően a Károlyi Mihály-kormány december 1-jei alakulásakor a magyarországi ruszinokhoz rendelt kormánybiztossá nevezte ki, majd december 29-én miniszterré emelte. Tárcáját a Berinkey-kormányban is megtartotta.

Részben az ő politikai munkássága eredményeként a Károlyi-kormánynak sikerült megegyeznie a ruszin kisebbséggel, akik hűségükért cserébe svájci mintára kialakított területi autonómiát kaptak Ruszka-Krajna néven.

Oreszt a Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság kikiáltásakor lemondott, és a felkínált ruszin népbiztosságot is elutasította. Helyette hazautazott és 1919. április 8-án saját vezetése alatt megalakította Ruszka-Krajna minisztertanácsát, amit a kommunisták csakhamar feloszlattak. Ezután teljesen visszavonult az aktív politizálástól.

Utoljára az 1939-ben kiadott Ruszinföld autonómiájáról című könyvével hallatott magáról. A Farkasréti temető felszámolt sírjainak jegyzéke szerint 1939-ben hunyt el.

Főbb művei
A magyar oroszokról : ruthének, Budapest, 1913.
Ruszinföld autonómiájáról, Budapest, 1939.

Jegyzetek

Források
 Ruszka Krajna a Katolikus lexikonban
 Ruszinok és ukránok IN: Udvari István: Ruszin (kárpátukrán) hivatalos írásbeliség a XVIII, századi Magyarországon. Bp. 1995.
 Életrajzok, a Fórum Kisebbségkutató Intézet Szlovákiai Magyar Adatbankjában

Halotti anyakönyvi bejegyzése a Bp. I. ker. anyakönyvben: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-D489-2WF?i=102

További információk
 Bölöny József: Magyarország kormányai. Az 1987-1992 közötti időszakot feldolg. és sajtó alá rend. Hubai László. 4. bőv., jav. kiad. Bp., Akadémiai Kiadó, 1992. 486 [1] o.; 5. bőv. jav. kiad. Bp., Akadémiai Kiadó, 2004.
 Keresztyén Balázs: Magyar művelődési hagyományok kárpátaljai lexikona. Ungvár-Bp., Intermix, [1995].
 Magyar Nagylexikon. Főszerk. Élesztős László (1-5. k.), Berényi Gábor (6. k.), Bárány Lászlóné (8-). Bp., Akadémiai Kiadó, 1993-.
 Révai Új Lexikona. Főszerk. Kollega Tarsoly István. Szekszárd, Babits, 1996-.
 Új magyar életrajzi lexikon. Főszerk. Markó László. Bp., Magyar Könyvklub

Magyarország tárca nélküli miniszterei
Görögkatolikus magyarok
Rutének
1867-ben született személyek
1939-ben elhunyt személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Android Java XML : how to find tag like "abc:tag" with unknown "abc" part with getElementsByTagName() My Android app reads a XML file and searches for a tag that can be found in different forms, like "tag" or "abc:tag" for example. My code is able to find just the "tag" form. How to find other forms? (wildcards?)
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
...
...
NodeList nodeList = root.getElementsByTagName("tag");

A: The solution is to use a similar method: getElementsByTagNameNS(String namespaceURI,String localName) with special "*" namespace
...
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
...
NodeList nodelist=root.getElementsByTagNameNS("*","tag");


Toggl is Time tracking that works. Get things done and turn your time into money. Track time with a single click, switch easily between different tasks and create reports.
I have been using it for a few month now and it's really worth a try, the free version offers nearly all functionality that a time tracker needs. It has a windows agent that allows you to track your time directly from your desktop without event connecting to the website. And most of all it's compatible with all major platforms (Windows/Mac/Linux/Mobile) !!!
Haven't try the toggle, but paymo had the basic I needed.
Ça fait un bail que je cherche un outil comme celui là !!!!!!!!
I had heard about Toggl couple of times before this too, but we are fine with Replicon employee time tracking software.


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BizHat.com > Movies > Film News > Tamil film news
Vikram, Ileana team up
Ileana is all set to act with Vikram in his upcoming film which will be directed by K.S. Ravikumar. The beautiful and shapely actress who rules Tollywood, has been very scarce in Kollywood. Kedi, a Ravikrishna starrer, was the only Tamil film she had acted in. The actress is very choosy about films even in Tollywood and takes care that she does not tarnish the image that she has built up.
Recently, it was decided that Khatarnak, one of her Telugu hits, will be dubbed in Tamil and work is in progress in this regard. All this must have made her realize her reach in Tamil Nadu and encouraged her to do a Tamil film. And she has signed up for a prospective blockbuster, for when K.S. Ravikumar directs a movie, it sure turns out a hit and now, with Vikram teaming up with him, nothing less than a blockbuster can be expected.
Also, the actress has put an end to speculations that she is shifting her attention to Bollywood by signing three Telugu films. These speculations were based on her denial to sign Southern films after her latest success Bhale Dongalu. It is the trend of successful South Indian actresses moving to Bollywood that has to be blamed. We all can breathe a sigh of relief now that we know she is is not migrating Northwards.