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The Wicked Foundations of the Anthropocene
May 23rd, 2016 Guest blogger Leave a comment
The Anthropocene describes how human society has now become the dominant force on Earth's geology and ecosystems. The notion of the Anthropocene highlights a confounding contradiction: we have an unprecedented ability to control the world around us, yet we are using this power to destroy the preconditions for our own existence, and we seem strangely unable to do anything about it.
It seems our ability to change our world is not matched by an equal ability to understand it. The Anthropocene describes a world of intertwined drivers, deep uncertainty, complex structures, emergent phenomena, and unintended consequences expressed across different scales of analysis and subject to multiple and connected biophysical and social constraints. In comparison, the innovation of a marketable product is easy.
This blog focuses on the crises of the Anthropocene from the perspective of technological innovation, showing how our society's innovation links two important aspects of the Anthropocene: unsustainability and uncertainty.
Why are these problems so difficult?
Crises and problems, such as those alluded to above, are often described as "complex" – but it is remains rather unclear what this concept actually entails. In complexity science, its meaning is often explained by separating between complexity and complicatedness.
Complicatedness is the property of a car or a space shuttle: these systems have lots of bits and pieces, but while it may take a long time to explain how they all fit together, it's not very hard to do so: each part fills a logical function in the larger whole.
Complexity, on the other hand, can be exemplified by an anthill, in which hundreds of thousands of simple interacting ants give rise to a whole from a bottom up process that is hard to predict or understand.
Photo caption: Anthill of soldier ants, on a rainforest trail in Costa Rica. Credit: Sebastien Chorney. (CC BY-NC 2.0)
This separation between complicated and complex makes intuitive sense, and helps us be more specific about what we mean when we talk about problems that are hard to deal with. But it also begs the question: what about the Anthropocene – is it complex or complicated?
There are clearly good arguments for either position: societies are undeniably complicated with large structures of qualitatively different institutions. At the same time, a society can also be convincingly argued to be a self-organized bottom-up system – full of examples of mass-interaction among individuals which are hard to analyse, let alone predict.
Clearly, there is no reason – except tradition – why these properties would be mutually exclusive: a system could be both complicated and complex at the same time, and in fact, the Anthropocene world would appear to be an excellent example of such a system.
Studies departing from this idea have shown that the combination between complex and complicated is more than the sum of its parts, constituting a separate category of systems with qualities different from both. Wicked systems – the term sometimes used to refer to this category of systems – is a system where central assumptions of scientific methods no longer hold, making them toothless.
Why is our society producing crises?
Wicked systems have been shown to be closely interlinked with innovation: they are both produced and producers of innovation. This provides the link to our contemporary society.
Claes Andersson, Anton Törnberg, Petter Törnberg, Societal systems – Complex or worse?, Futures, Volume 63, November 2014, Pages 145-157, ISSN 0016-3287.
Today, innovation has become reified as a goal in its own right: explicitly subjected to itself, and elevated to a moral and economic imperative, with the aim of improving its own function. We have entered into an "innovation society" in which innovation has become an ideology. This ideology praises that a natural growth has in a deep sense turned cancerous: it is no longer motivated, controlled or limited by needs, but has become a goal in itself.
As was shown in a recent research project, our innovation processes take the form of a cycle of positive feedback, as demand and supply both became part of the process. These dynamics have become ever more important in the organization and ideological superstructure of our society.
Constant self-driven innovation entails the generation of externalities – unexpected side-effects. Humans are certainly capable of responding to such side-effects, but are limited by the uncertainty of the world we inhabit, which not only prevents us from designing effective interventions but also keeps us from aligning and organizing action. This leads to externalities piling up and turning into crises.
This closes our circle, in that our system of constant innovation has the two characterizing features of the Anthropocene as its outcome: a constant increase in society's wickedness, and the generation of ever-larger and more frequent crises.
This calls for solutions to the problems of the Anthropocene that are not directed at its symptoms – the multitude of crises – but at the root cause: the structure of the innovation system that will inherently result in these crises. We need to find alternative sustainable processes for producing innovation and monitoring its social and environmental effects.
There already exists a substrate of such alternative processes: hackerspaces, crowdsourcing, open source technology and social innovation. These can all lend inspiration in our transition to a socially and environmentally sustainable innovation system. We must realize, however, that the construction of such a system is not an engineering problem, but calls on us to embrace, and indeed harness, the wickedness of wicked systems.
by Petter Törnberg. Petter works as a doctorate within the complex systems group at Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers University of Technology. His work focuses on applying a complexity perspective to analyse the social implications of the innovation processes of our society, attempting to find ways to improve these processes to reduce their negative social and environmental externalities.
Blog, Climate Change & Energy
Anthropocene blog series
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"We would provide her updates just to let her know that we hadn't forgotten about her or her daughter," Elfo said in an interview this week with The Bellingham Herald.
One year ago this week, on Dec. 12, 2017 — Mary's birthday — Elfo drove up to the family home once more, this time bringing news that they had made an arrest in the cold case — 28 years after Mandy's death.
"I think the highlight of my career, and it's been a long one ... is being able to tell Mrs. Stavik that the case had finally been solved," Elfo said. "People have traveled the world trying to solve the case. There's been lots of effort from a lot of different detectives, generations of detectives have come and retired. This has been something our deputies have worked long and hard on. We're really proud of people that put work into the case and we will hopefully have justice for Mandy and her family."
Timothy Forrest Bass, 51, of Everson was arrested and charged with first-degree murder related to Mandy's death.
Suspects can be charged with first-degree murder in Washington state if they either attempted to commit or did commit the crime of rape or kidnapping and then fled, which resulted in the victim's death. There is no statute of limitations for murder.
As reported earlier in The Bellingham Herald, Bass was also charged with first-degree rape in late January, but due to statute of limitations concerns, the charge was dismissed in mid-May.
Trial set for April
Bass' trial is tentatively set for April 8, and he remains in the Whatcom County Jail in lieu of $1 million bail.
If convicted, he could face 20 years to life in prison.
Whatcom County Prosecuting Attorney David McEachran said he will likely be called back as a special prosecutor for trial, since he will be retiring at the end of the year.
"I've worked on the case since 1989 and would love to see it to the end," McEachran said Tuesday in an interview with The Herald.
Timothy Bass sits with his attorneys during the first day of an evidence suppression hearing this week at the Whatcom County Courthouse in Bellingham. Bass is accused in the 1989 murder of 18-year-old Amanda "Mandy" Stavik of Acme. Staff The Bellingham Herald file
After Mandy's death, a DNA profile was created from evidence taken from her body during an autopsy. The sheriff's office did a voluntary DNA campaign, collecting evidence from at least 50 people in the Acme area where Mandy lived. More than 30 samples were sent to the Washington State Crime Lab for analysis, but none of them matched the suspect profile, according to Whatcom County Superior Court records.
During the investigation, Bass was contacted twice at his home by law enforcement, but after speaking with family members, declined to give a sample. Detectives learned Bass worked as a delivery driver for Franz Bakery and in 2013 requested his delivery route and permission to collect a DNA sample from his work vehicle.
A coworker at Franz put detectives in touch with corporate officials, but the company ultimately decided not to turn the information over without a search warrant, as previously reported in The Herald.
With the arrest in the 28-year-old murder of Mandy Stavik case, we looked in the files for images from the 1989 case. Stavik was 18 when she disappeared Nov. 24, 1989, after going jogging with the family dog near her mother's home near Acme.
In the spring of 2017, a detective came back to Franz, where the coworker recognized him. The coworker eventually learned the detective was investigating Mandy's murder, and turned over Bass' delivery route and the general times he would be in those areas.
"I just gave it to (the officer). After I asked if it was that case and who it was, I felt a basic human moral obligation to help," the woman said during a hearing in late August.
The coworker said she watched Bass for a period of time to see if he threw anything away and was able to collect a plastic cup and Coke can he drank out of, which she turned over to detectives. The woman said she "had a daughter and would hope that someone would do the same if it were her daughter," court records state.
Both items were sent to the state crime lab. Bass' DNA matched that found in Mandy's body, according to court records. The chance investigators would select a random, unrelated citizen in the U.S. with a matching DNA profile is 1 in 11 quadrillion, records show.
The DNA profile match led to Bass' arrest one year ago.
When Bass was interviewed by investigators in December 2017, he initially denied any contact or sexual relations with Mandy. After he was told about the matching DNA profile, Bass indicated he had a consensual intimate relationship with Mandy prior to her disappearance, according to court records.
With the exception of identical twins, each person has a unique DNA profile. This makes DNA matching a powerful tool for finding and convicting the perpetrator of a crime.
Stephen Jackson, one of Bass' public defenders, filed a motion to suppress the DNA evidence in the case, meaning it couldn't be used during a trial. Jackson argued Bass' Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure was violated and that the coworker was acting as an agent of the state when she collected the cup and can.
A person acts as an agent of the state if the person performing the search intended to assist law enforcement efforts rather than further their own ends, and if the government knew of and accepted the conduct, according to court records.
Judge Raquel Montoya-Lewis ruled at a suppression hearing in late August that while Bass had a reasonable expectation of privacy at work, the woman was not acting as an agent of the state and his rights were not violated, as previously reported in The Herald. Montoya-Lewis said there was little evidence presented during the testimony at the suppression hearing that would suggest detectives had directly or indirectly told the coworker to collect an item from Bass that contained his DNA.
Montoya-Lewis said because the woman came up with the idea on her own and said she felt an obligation to help, she was not acting as an agent of the state and the DNA evidence could be used during trial.
Jackson appealed Montoya-Lewis' decision to the Court of Appeals. On Oct. 25, Court of Appeals Commissioner Mary Neel denied the review of Montoya-Lewis' decision to not suppress the DNA evidence in the case, saying that "Mr. Bass has not demonstrated that the court's conclusion is obvious error," according to court records reviewed by The Herald.
"Discretionary review is an extraordinary step for an appellate court to take because the case isn't closed, the case hasn't been adjudicated to guilt or innocence. So you're asking for relief based on some really narrow criteria, which is that the Superior Court committed obvious error or probable error," Jackson said in an interview Thursday with The Herald.
Whatcom County Sheriff Bill Elfo discusses the arrest of Timothy Forrest Bass, 50, of Everson for the 1989 murder of 18-year-old Mandy Stavik of Acme at a press conference on Wednesday, Dec. 13, 2017.
On Oct. 30, Jackson filed another motion that appeals the commissioner's decision to a panel of Appeals Court judges. Judges are elected officials, while commissioners are appointed by the court system and aren't allowed to hear jury trials unless each party in the trial agrees.
"We were denied the ability to argue the case in front of the appellate court and we're basically asking the court to take a look at what we've got," Jackson said.
Friday evening, the panel of Appeals Court judges denied that motion, Jackson messaged The Bellingham Herald.
"I'm disappointed at the appellate court's decision," Jackson said Friday. "Now the focus is only on preparing for trial and showing that Mr. Bass had nothing to do with this case."
On Wednesday, the one year anniversary of Bass' arrest, the Whatcom County Sheriff's Office held an awards ceremony. Both the crime analysis unit and the detective division received unit citations, or awards honoring their work during Mandy's case, as well as during several other major cases.
Mandy's case was "part of the overall work that they do where they make a difference," Undersheriff Jeff Parks said in an interview with The Herald Friday.
Sheriff Elfo said he hasn't seen Mary since the day he told her they made an arrest in her daughter's case. He said that's partly due to her moving out of the county, but said he expected to see her again in the future. Elfo said he believed that Mary had begun to "lose faith and confidence" that his office would solve Mandy's murder, but when he told her of Bass' arrest, he thought she looked relieved and hopeful.
"Sometimes we talk to victims like that and they're despairing after that long of a period. We try to assure them and I think the previous two sheriffs had done the same over that 30-year course. We were committed to doing everything perceivable until this case was solved," Elfo said. "As I said, we sent deputies all over the world, even as far as Cambodia. This case has remained a top priority for the sheriff's office."
Suspect in Stavik murder case watched cold case files, bragged he wouldn't be caught
From Herald archives: 20 years later, one of Whatcom County's most notorious murders remains unsolved
Timothy Bass, suspect in 1989 murder of Mandy Stavik enters plea, trial set
Follow more of our reporting on Timothy Bass on trial for Mandy Stavik's death
'Now we can slowly start healing' Stavik family says after Bass murder sentencing
This is what Timothy Bass said before he was sentenced to prison for Stavik murder
See all 10 stories
Denver Pratt
Reporter Denver Pratt joined The Bellingham Herald in 2017 and covers courts and criminal and social justice. She has worked in Montana, Florida and Virginia.
Brady doctrine keeps some from testifying in court
These are the key moments in the arrest and trial of Timothy Bass
By Denver Pratt
Bellingham police are searching for a suspect who allegedly robbed the Rite Aid on Telegraph Road near Bellis Fair Mall.
Man awaiting trial on child porn charges reportedly seen pointing gun at cars on I-5
Man suspected of child rape, making social media threats against another victim
Man reportedly attacked while picking up a piece of trash at Waypoint Park
Here is what's got traffic backed up on southbound I-5 near the airport
Transient pair suspected of stabbing man in the back Sunday in Lettered Streets
Bellingham man accused of murdering mom, leaving her in Lake Samish declared competent
More on the Mandy Stavik case
Read about the arrest in the Mandy Stavik murder, plus other coverage of her 1989 disappearance.
Mandy Stavik's diary can't be used as evidence, judge rules as murder trial starts
She disappeared and was found dead 30 years ago. Her suspected killer's trial starts Monday.
After 28 years of waiting and a year of hearings, Stavik murder may be nearing trial
Franz Bakery: Sheriff's office did not provide search warrant for DNA evidence
Suspect charged with first-degree murder in 1989 death of Mandy Stavik
Whatcom sheriff makes arrest in 1989 murder of Mandy Stavik
Prosecutor details arrest of Mandy Stavik murder suspect
After 28 years, the Whatcom County Sheriff announces an arrest for Mandy Stavik's murder
Coworker gave plastic cup, Coke can, that led to identity of suspect in 1989 Stavik murder case
From Herald archives: Clipper teen presumed kidnapped after disappearing while on jog
From Herald archives: Stavik's body found in Nooksack
A look back at images from the Mandy Stavik case

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#import "CPTPlotSpace.h"

#import "CPTMutablePlotRange.h"
#import "CPTPlot.h"
#import "CPTUtilities.h"

NSString *const CPTPlotSpaceCoordinateMappingDidChangeNotification = @"CPTPlotSpaceCoordinateMappingDidChangeNotification";

/**
 *  @brief Defines the coordinate system of a plot.
 *
 *  A plot space determines the mapping between data coordinates
 *  and device coordinates in the plot area.
 **/
@implementation CPTPlotSpace

/** @property id<NSCopying, NSCoding, NSObject> identifier
 *  @brief An object used to identify the plot in collections.
 **/
@synthesize identifier;

/** @property BOOL allowsUserInteraction
 *  @brief Determines whether user can interactively change plot range and/or zoom.
 **/
@synthesize allowsUserInteraction;

/** @property __cpt_weak CPTGraph *graph
 *  @brief The graph of the space.
 **/
@synthesize graph;

/** @property __cpt_weak id<CPTPlotSpaceDelegate> delegate
 *  @brief The plot space delegate.
 **/
@synthesize delegate;

/** @property NSUInteger numberOfCoordinates
 *  @brief The number of coordinate values that determine a point in the plot space.
 **/
@dynamic numberOfCoordinates;

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Init/Dealloc

/// @name Initialization
/// @{

/** @brief Initializes a newly allocated CPTPlotSpace object.
 *
 *  The initialized object will have the following properties:
 *  - @ref identifier = @nil
 *  - @ref allowsUserInteraction = @NO
 *  - @ref graph = @nil
 *  - @ref delegate = @nil
 *
 *  @return The initialized object.
 **/
-(id)init
{
    if ( (self = [super init]) ) {
        identifier            = nil;
        allowsUserInteraction = NO;
        graph                 = nil;
        delegate              = nil;
    }
    return self;
}

/// @}

/// @cond

-(void)dealloc
{
    delegate = nil;
    graph    = nil;
    [identifier release];
    [super dealloc];
}

/// @endcond

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark NSCoding Methods

/// @cond

-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
    [coder encodeConditionalObject:self.graph forKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.graph"];
    [coder encodeObject:self.identifier forKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.identifier"];
    if ( [self.delegate conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSCoding)] ) {
        [coder encodeConditionalObject:self.delegate forKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.delegate"];
    }
    [coder encodeBool:self.allowsUserInteraction forKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.allowsUserInteraction"];
}

-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
    if ( (self = [super init]) ) {
        graph                 = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.graph"];
        identifier            = [[coder decodeObjectForKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.identifier"] copy];
        delegate              = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.delegate"];
        allowsUserInteraction = [coder decodeBoolForKey:@"CPTPlotSpace.allowsUserInteraction"];
    }
    return self;
}

/// @endcond

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Responder Chain and User interaction

/// @name User Interaction
/// @{

/**
 *  @brief Informs the receiver that the user has
 *  @if MacOnly pressed the mouse button. @endif
 *  @if iOSOnly touched the screen. @endif
 *
 *
 *  If the receiver does not have a @ref delegate,
 *  this method always returns @NO. Otherwise, the
 *  @link CPTPlotSpaceDelegate::plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDownEvent:atPoint: -plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDownEvent:atPoint: @endlink
 *  delegate method is called. If it returns @NO, this method returns @YES
 *  to indicate that the event has been handled and no further processing should occur.
 *
 *  @param event The OS event.
 *  @param interactionPoint The coordinates of the interaction.
 *  @return Whether the event was handled or not.
 **/
-(BOOL)pointingDeviceDownEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event atPoint:(CGPoint)interactionPoint
{
    BOOL handledByDelegate = NO;

    if ( [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDownEvent:atPoint:)] ) {
        handledByDelegate = ![delegate plotSpace:self shouldHandlePointingDeviceDownEvent:event atPoint:interactionPoint];
    }
    return handledByDelegate;
}

/**
 *  @brief Informs the receiver that the user has
 *  @if MacOnly released the mouse button. @endif
 *  @if iOSOnly lifted their finger off the screen. @endif
 *
 *
 *  If the receiver does not have a @link CPTPlotSpace::delegate delegate @endlink,
 *  this method always returns @NO. Otherwise, the
 *  @link CPTPlotSpaceDelegate::plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceUpEvent:atPoint: -plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceUpEvent:atPoint: @endlink
 *  delegate method is called. If it returns @NO, this method returns @YES
 *  to indicate that the event has been handled and no further processing should occur.
 *
 *  @param event The OS event.
 *  @param interactionPoint The coordinates of the interaction.
 *  @return Whether the event was handled or not.
 **/
-(BOOL)pointingDeviceUpEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event atPoint:(CGPoint)interactionPoint
{
    BOOL handledByDelegate = NO;

    if ( [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceUpEvent:atPoint:)] ) {
        handledByDelegate = ![delegate plotSpace:self shouldHandlePointingDeviceUpEvent:event atPoint:interactionPoint];
    }
    return handledByDelegate;
}

/**
 *  @brief Informs the receiver that the user has moved
 *  @if MacOnly the mouse with the button pressed. @endif
 *  @if iOSOnly their finger while touching the screen. @endif
 *
 *
 *  If the receiver does not have a @ref delegate,
 *  this method always returns @NO. Otherwise, the
 *  @link CPTPlotSpaceDelegate::plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDraggedEvent:atPoint: -plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDraggedEvent:atPoint: @endlink
 *  delegate method is called. If it returns @NO, this method returns @YES
 *  to indicate that the event has been handled and no further processing should occur.
 *
 *  @param event The OS event.
 *  @param interactionPoint The coordinates of the interaction.
 *  @return Whether the event was handled or not.
 **/
-(BOOL)pointingDeviceDraggedEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event atPoint:(CGPoint)interactionPoint
{
    BOOL handledByDelegate = NO;

    if ( [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceDraggedEvent:atPoint:)] ) {
        handledByDelegate = ![delegate plotSpace:self shouldHandlePointingDeviceDraggedEvent:event atPoint:interactionPoint];
    }
    return handledByDelegate;
}

/**
 *  @brief Informs the receiver that tracking of
 *  @if MacOnly mouse moves @endif
 *  @if iOSOnly touches @endif
 *  has been cancelled for any reason.
 *
 *
 *  If the receiver does not have a @ref delegate,
 *  this method always returns @NO. Otherwise, the
 *  @link CPTPlotSpaceDelegate::plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceCancelledEvent: -plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceCancelledEvent: @endlink
 *  delegate method is called. If it returns @NO, this method returns @YES
 *  to indicate that the event has been handled and no further processing should occur.
 *
 *  @param event The OS event.
 *  @return Whether the event was handled or not.
 **/
-(BOOL)pointingDeviceCancelledEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    BOOL handledByDelegate = NO;

    if ( [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(plotSpace:shouldHandlePointingDeviceCancelledEvent:)] ) {
        handledByDelegate = ![delegate plotSpace:self shouldHandlePointingDeviceCancelledEvent:event];
    }
    return handledByDelegate;
}

/// @}

@end

#pragma mark -

@implementation CPTPlotSpace(AbstractMethods)

/// @cond

-(NSUInteger)numberOfCoordinates
{
    return 0;
}

/// @endcond

/** @brief Converts a data point to plot area drawing coordinates.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @return The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::plotAreaViewPointForPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates: -plotAreaViewPointForPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(CGPoint)plotAreaViewPointForPlotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint
{
    return [self plotAreaViewPointForPlotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates];
}

/** @brief Converts a data point to plot area drawing coordinates.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @return The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 **/
-(CGPoint)plotAreaViewPointForPlotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);

    return CGPointZero;
}

/** @brief Converts a data point to plot area drawing coordinates.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @return The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::plotAreaViewPointForDoublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates: -plotAreaViewPointForDoublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(CGPoint)plotAreaViewPointForDoublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint
{
    return [self plotAreaViewPointForDoublePrecisionPlotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates];
}

/** @brief Converts a data point to plot area drawing coordinates.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @return The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 **/
-(CGPoint)plotAreaViewPointForDoublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);

    return CGPointZero;
}

/** @brief Converts a point given in plot area drawing coordinates to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @param point The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::plotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forPlotAreaViewPoint: -plotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forPlotAreaViewPoint: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(void)plotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint forPlotAreaViewPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
    [self plotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates forPlotAreaViewPoint:point];
}

/** @brief Converts a point given in plot area drawing coordinates to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @param point The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 **/
-(void)plotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count forPlotAreaViewPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);
}

/** @brief Converts a point given in drawing coordinates to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @param point The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::doublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forPlotAreaViewPoint: -doublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forPlotAreaViewPoint: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(void)doublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint forPlotAreaViewPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
    [self doublePrecisionPlotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates forPlotAreaViewPoint:point];
}

/** @brief Converts a point given in drawing coordinates to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @param point The drawing coordinates of the data point.
 **/
-(void)doublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count forPlotAreaViewPoint:(CGPoint)point
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);
}

/** @brief Converts the interaction point of an OS event to plot area drawing coordinates.
 *  @param event The event.
 *  @return The drawing coordinates of the point.
 **/
-(CGPoint)plotAreaViewPointForEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    return CGPointZero;
}

/** @brief Converts the interaction point of an OS event to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @param event The event.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::plotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forEvent: -plotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forEvent: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(void)plotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint forEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    [self plotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates forEvent:event];
}

/** @brief Converts the interaction point of an OS event to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as NSDecimal structs).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @param event The event.
 **/
-(void)plotPoint:(NSDecimal *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count forEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);
}

/** @brief Converts the interaction point of an OS event to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @param event The event.
 *  @deprecated This method will be removed in the 2.0 release. Use
 *  @link CPTPlotSpace::doublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forEvent: -doublePrecisionPlotPoint:numberOfCoordinates:forEvent: @endlink instead.
 **/
-(void)doublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint forEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    [self doublePrecisionPlotPoint:plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:self.numberOfCoordinates forEvent:event];
}

/** @brief Converts the interaction point of an OS event to the data coordinate space.
 *  @param plotPoint A c-style array of data point coordinates (as @double values).
 *  @param count The number of coordinate values in the @par{plotPoint} array.
 *  @param event The event.
 **/
-(void)doublePrecisionPlotPoint:(double *)plotPoint numberOfCoordinates:(NSUInteger)count forEvent:(CPTNativeEvent *)event
{
    NSParameterAssert(count == self.numberOfCoordinates);
}

/** @brief Sets the range of values for a given coordinate.
 *  @param newRange The new plot range.
 *  @param coordinate The axis coordinate.
 **/
-(void)setPlotRange:(CPTPlotRange *)newRange forCoordinate:(CPTCoordinate)coordinate
{
}

/** @brief Gets the range of values for a given coordinate.
 *  @param coordinate The axis coordinate.
 *  @return The range of values.
 **/
-(CPTPlotRange *)plotRangeForCoordinate:(CPTCoordinate)coordinate
{
    return nil;
}

/** @brief Sets the scale type for a given coordinate.
 *  @param newType The new scale type.
 *  @param coordinate The axis coordinate.
 **/
-(void)setScaleType:(CPTScaleType)newType forCoordinate:(CPTCoordinate)coordinate
{
}

/** @brief Gets the scale type for a given coordinate.
 *  @param coordinate The axis coordinate.
 *  @return The scale type.
 **/
-(CPTScaleType)scaleTypeForCoordinate:(CPTCoordinate)coordinate
{
    return CPTScaleTypeLinear;
}

/** @brief Scales the plot ranges so that the plots just fit in the visible space.
 *  @param plots An array of the plots that have to fit in the visible area.
 **/
-(void)scaleToFitPlots:(NSArray *)plots
{
}

/** @brief Scales the plot range for the given coordinate so that the plots just fit in the visible space.
 *  @param plots An array of the plots that have to fit in the visible area.
 *  @param coordinate The axis coordinate.
 **/
-(void)scaleToFitPlots:(NSArray *)plots forCoordinate:(CPTCoordinate)coordinate
{
    if ( plots.count == 0 ) {
        return;
    }

    // Determine union of ranges
    CPTMutablePlotRange *unionRange = nil;
    for ( CPTPlot *plot in plots ) {
        CPTPlotRange *currentRange = [plot plotRangeForCoordinate:coordinate];
        if ( !unionRange ) {
            unionRange = [currentRange mutableCopy];
        }
        [unionRange unionPlotRange:currentRange];
    }

    // Set range
    if ( unionRange ) {
        if ( CPTDecimalEquals( unionRange.length, CPTDecimalFromInteger(0) ) ) {
            [unionRange unionPlotRange:[self plotRangeForCoordinate:coordinate]];
        }
        [self setPlotRange:unionRange forCoordinate:coordinate];
    }

    [unionRange release];
}

/** @brief Zooms the plot space equally in each dimension.
 *  @param interactionScale The scaling factor. One (@num{1}) gives no scaling.
 *  @param interactionPoint The plot area view point about which the scaling occurs.
 **/
-(void)scaleBy:(CGFloat)interactionScale aboutPoint:(CGPoint)interactionPoint
{
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Help for the Canadian economy? Yes, from Europe. - Macleans.ca
Help for the Canadian economy? Yes, from Europe.
The eurozone recovery is shaky, but it's still a big deal
by Erica Alini
Jesco Denzel/Bundespresseamt/Reuters
The eurozone's recession is formally over. Good news—but how good for Canada? The European Union is the second-largest destination for our merchandise exports, but that means eight per cent of the stuff we sell abroad every year ends up there. It's not much compared to the U.S.'s 73 per cent slice of our export market. Europe matters more for the U.S.'s trade balance sheet, where it accounts for about 20 per cent of goods sold abroad. Exports, though, account for only about 10 per cent of U.S. GDP.
Still, the eurozone's economic resurgence could provide an important lift to the U.S. recovery, and, through that, to Canada as well. Here's why:
1. The U.S. needs to export more and seems ready to do so. So far, the U.S. has been able to restart its economy largely by reviving consumer demand and housing. While that might have been the only viable strategy in the early stages of the recovery, it doesn't seem like a sustainable trend in the long term. With median incomes stagnating, American consumers can't go much further without taking on new debt. The housing market, with a few local exceptions, has plenty of room to grow without wading into bubble territory, but real estate rallies, as we know know well, can't last forever. What then? Well, exports, for example. One of the root causes of the financial crisis was global imbalances: America's super-sized current account deficit and China's equally massive surplus. The only sustainable way forward for the global economy, analysts warned back in 2009, was for the two to recalibrate their economies. The U.S., it seems, is ready to do that. The Obama administration, the Wall Street Journal noted, seems a lot keener on international trade than it did during the first term. Washington has signed a flurry of trade agreements and is pressing ahead with two massive trade negotiations, one with Asia, the other with the EU. And with its low manufacturing costs, tech-industry leadership and, now, natural gas wealth, the U.S. seems primed for an export renaissance. There's a snag, though: Emerging markets, home to hundreds of millions of potential consumers of made-in-the-U.S.A. products industry, are in a funk.
2. As emerging economies slow down, Europe could pick up some of the slack. That's where the end of the recession in the eurozone could come in nicely. Europe's consumers might be able to absorb at least a little bit of America's exports potential and help tie over Uncle Sam while the Brics (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) sort their many issues.
3. Consumers played a big role in helping return the eurozone to growth. One reason to believe that the revival in Europe might aid the U.S. recovery via trade flows lies in the fine print. It was growth in Germany and France in the second quarter of the year that propelled the eurozone above the zero-growth mark, and German and French consumers, in turn, gave their respective economies a considerable lift. That's especially welcome news in the case of Germany, which has long relied on an outsized trade surplus, while keeping wages and consumption artificially low. The country might be moving away from that model now: Consumption is growing robustly and worker compensation is rising faster than inflation, while unemployment stays at historic lows. German wallets, it appears, might soon have a healthy appetite for foreign goods.
There are, of course, innumerable "ifs" and "buts" in this scenario. Much of the eurozone is still in recession. Outside the eurozone, the U.K. is struggling. Germany, for all the signs of rebalancing, still carries a considerable trade surplus. China's slowdown might turn into a hard landing. All kinds of things could go wrong. Still, the end of the eurozone recession is a small step in the right direction.
How much did the 16-day shutdown affect hiring in U.S.?
Job numbers and other stories for Hill watchers
A preview of the latest numbers on U.S. economic growth
Bank of Canada opens door to interest rate cuts, downgrades growth
Ottawa says it is $7 billion ahead of pace, confident of balanced budget in 2015


text:
Organizations can apply for up to $100,000 to increase accessibility: Serre
Jul 01, 2020 • Last Updated July 1, 2020 • 1 minute read
Marc Serre SunMedia
Sudbury-area organizations are now eligible to apply for up to $100,000 through the Enabling Accessibility Fund (EAF) for small projects that improve accessibility for persons with disabilities in the community.
Applications will be accepted for the small project component of the EAF until July 13 at 3 p.m.
The types of projects that will be considered include small construction projects such as the renovation or retrofitting of existing spaces to improve accessibility and/or to make information more accessible with communication technologies.
"Funding through EAF has made a real difference in Nickel Belt – Greater Sudbury. Since 2015, over $1.2 million has been allocated to organizations and municipalities in our riding to help them break down barriers and ensure better opportunities for residents," MP Marc Serré said in a release.
"Some of the funded projects have included the Azilda therapeutic pool, lifts for the Chevaliers to Colombs facilities in the Field, ramps for the Valley Community Theatre and a more accessible community website for the municipality of St.-Charles just to name a few.
"We are stronger when all residents can live, play and work in inclusive environments. I strongly encourage all eligible organizations to take advantage of this new call for proposals and keep our communities better interconnected."
The application period to become a Youth Accessibility Leader is also open for applications until Oct. 30. This opportunity will allow young Canadians to help make Canada more accessible by helping create greater awareness about accessibility needs and encouraging organizations to apply for EAF funding to address existing barriers.
Serre said programs like the EAF are helping the government of Canada break down barriers that prevent persons with disabilities from fully participating in all aspects of society to ensure that everyone has equal access and opportunity.
The EAF is part of the Investing in Canada infrastructure plan, through which the federal government is investing more than $180 billion over 12 years in public transit projects, green infrastructure, social infrastructure, trade and transportation routes, and Canada's rural and Northern communities.


text:
The Watchers: Montana Women Care for the Sick and Dying
October 23, 2014 1800-1899, 1900-1945, Family, Medicine, Workcare-giving, Lizzie Slayton, Montana, nursing, WomenWHM
Daniel Slayton's family—and especially the women of his family—cared for him during his illness and final days. Pictured here in a happier time are Daniel and Son Ernest (front seat), sons Bert and Daniel (middle seat), and daughter Lydia, wife Lizzie, and daughter Ruth (back seat.) MHS Photo Archives PAc 88-75
In late August and early September of 1927, Daniel Slayton, a Lavina, Montana, businessman and farmer, lay dying of bone cancer. During the final three weeks of his life, he spent no moment alone. Daughters, daughters-in-law, his cousin Mary, the community midwife, a nurse hired from Billings, and Slayton's wife, Lizzie, cared for him and kept vigil. Though Slayton's adult sons had earlier helped him seek treatment and, in the end, came to say their goodbyes, the women in his life mostly watched over him in his final hours.
In serving as family caregivers, Montana women have joined a legion of women across time. Before 1900, hospitals typically cared for soldiers, the poor, and the homeless. On Montana's frontier, where single men far outnumbered women, churches underwrote Montana's earliest hospitals. Soon self-supporting matrons converted boardinghouses into private hospitals. In the first half of the twentieth century, Montana pest houses, poor farms, and finally, state institutions such as the Montana State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Galen provided some long-term care for Montanans without families. Nevertheless, a family's women—its mothers, wives, sisters, aunts, daughters, and cousins—typically assumed responsibility for the care of relatives. Into the 1960s, and beyond, women performed this work out of necessity, longstanding tradition, and often love.
Caregiving has always been hard work, especially when added to the routine domestic labor that kept homes and farms going. Although the Slaytons had enough money to hire laundry and chore help in 1927, they were otherwise struggling financially. To further their income, they boarded schoolteachers who arrived in the final weeks of Daniel's life. A haying crew came through as usual in late August and expected meals—a task that Daniel himself had often managed. All extra family members and caregivers needed feeding too. In other words, hectic household patterns—including financial worries—continued throughout Daniel's final illness.
Until Daniel's cancer emerged, the couple had worried more about Lizzie's health. She was sixty-nine and struggling with rheumatism and other illnesses. Her frailness may explain why the family hired Eunice Randall once Slayton became bedridden. Though called a midwife, Randall, like Rose Gordon in White Sulphur Springs, also worked as a private community home health aide, attending to recuperations, births, and deaths. Randall took over the more difficult and distasteful parts of nursing—enemas and poultices, for instance. Then, as Daniel struggled with intense pain, the family hired a trained private duty nurse, Harriet O'Day, from Billings.
Still, Daniel relied on Lizzie for comfort, conversation, prayer, singing, attention to legal details, and companionship. At the end of August, Lizzie began keeping Daniel's forty-year diary current. For a few days, she wrote in Daniel's voice, but soon observed and recorded Daniel's approaching death in her own, noting when his limbs grew cold, when he slept more, as well as when she took to her own bed, "played out" with exhaustion.
The most effective way to combat infectious diseases in the days before antibiotics, quarantines isolated care-givers as well as those they nursed. 1943
Montana Historical Society Collection, X1969.18.16
This scene has a thousand variations. In 1887, Montana pioneer Pamelia Fergus died of metastasized breast cancer on a hospital bed in her daughter Luella's Helena parlor, while husband James tended ranch business near Fort McGinnis and son Andrew sold cattle in Chicago. In fact, her daughter had overseen Fergus's mastectomy in the same bed a year earlier. In 1923, in the southeastern Montana coal boomtown of Bearcreek, twelve-year-old Rose Naglich cared for her dying mother. "I missed a lot of school," Rose remembered, "in order to care for my mom and to help with the cooking and taking care of the kids." Rose, whose father already had miners' consumption, endured enormous emotional loss as well: "I cried while my mother held me in her arms. I knew she was going to die, and there was nothing I could do."
Daniel Slayton died the night of September 8, 1927. Nurse O'Day called the family to his bedside as he slipped away. Lizzie read him Psalm 103 and sang "Simply Trusting Every Day." At his death, the three weeks of "night watching," administering pain medicine, being present to Daniel's requests, and supervising all household activities ended for the ensemble of women—aided by his sons—who'd attended him so closely. The women of Lavina, already generous in small gifts and visits, rallied the next day, bringing doughnuts, providing supper for the boarding teachers, and offering help with funeral preparations.
At no point during Slayton's dying months, did Lizzie, her daughters, other family members, or the community question the gift and obligation they faced in caring for Daniel. Across Montana, across time, women like those of the Naglich, Fergus, and Slayton families carried out that same attendance. They orchestrated their vigils and the intense demands of nursing around daily routines, outside work, children, financial straits, and their own emotional and physical travails to provide succor in illnesses that ended joyfully in good health or with grief, and relief, in death. MSW
McFarland, Rose Naglich. "Rose's Story." In MHA Ventures, Senior Reflections: Montana's Unclaimed Treasure. Helena: Sweetgrass Books, 2002.
Nickel, Dawn Dorothy. "Dying in the West: Health Care Policies and Caregiving Practices in Montana and Alberta, 1880-1950." Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 2005.
← Red-Light Women of Wide-Open Butte Writing Our Lives: Novelist Mildred Walker's Illumination of Montana Women →


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Do Presa Canario Deserve Their Bad Reputation?
Seeing Presa Canario in the headlines is usually not a good thing. News from the UK this week reinforces that pattern. Yesterday, The Mirror reported that two women in Liverpool, England were sentenced to 12 months of jail time each in response to an incident last year when their Presa Canario mix breed dog brutally attacked their elderly neighbor, who died of his injuries. The women both pleaded guilty under the UK's Dangerous Dog Act. Enacted in 1991, this amendment makes it an offense to be the owner of a dog which is out of control in a place where it is not allowed to be. Under this act, there are four dog breeds which are banned but the Presa Canario is not one of them.
Presa Canario (also known as Perro de Presa Canario or "Canary Dogs") originated in Spain's Canary Island. Originally bred to protect livestock from wild predators, they are a guardian breed known for their strength and dominance. Typically weighing over 100 pounds, they have a reputation as a powerful and aggressive breed.
The breed gained world wide notoriety in 2001 when 33 year old Diane Whipple was attacked and killed by two of the gigantic dogs in the hallway of her San Francisco apartment building. In this case, second degree murder charges were filed against one of the owners of the dogs. In 2006, 30 year old Shawna Willey was killed by her own Presa Canario dog after it attacked her while she was bathing it in her backyard. In 2012, 23 year old college student Rebecca Carey was found dead in her home with bite wounds to her neck and upper torso. She had five dogs in her home at the time; two pit bulls, a boxer mix and two Presas. All of the dogs mentioned here were euthanized after the incidents they were involved in. These are just a few of the cases documented at dogsbite.org.
Of course the question begs to be asked: who is to blame in these cases, the dog owner or the Presa Canario? I'm a dog lover, a dog owner and a veterinary technician but I can't say that there's a straight forward answer. The destruction of a dog after it causes the death of a human is understandable and in most cases unavoidable. In many cases, proper husbandry, socialization and medical care can create a dog that's enjoyable to be around but not in all cases. Sometimes a dog owner can do everything right and still end up with a dog who has behavioral issues. I believe education is the first step. Many people get a puppy before they know much about the breed they've committed to. Perhaps in different hands, the dogs described above would have been different, or maybe not. It's impossible to know so for now, the Presa Canario may have to live with its bad reputation.


text:
package twitter4j.examples.user;

import twitter4j.ResponseList;
import twitter4j.Twitter;
import twitter4j.TwitterException;
import twitter4j.TwitterFactory;
import twitter4j.User;

/**
 * Search users with the specified query.
 *
 * @author Yusuke Yamamoto - yusuke at mac.com
 */
public final class SearchUsers {
    /**
     * Usage: java twitter4j.examples.user.SearchUsers [query]
     *
     * @param args message
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args.length < 1) {
            System.out.println("Usage: java twitter4j.examples.user.SearchUsers [query]");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        try {
            Twitter twitter = new TwitterFactory().getInstance();
            int page = 1;
            ResponseList<User> users;
            do {
                users = twitter.searchUsers(args[0], page);
                for (User user : users) {
                    if (user.getStatus() != null) {
                        System.out.println("@" + user.getScreenName() + " - " + user.getStatus().getText());
                    } else {
                        // the user is protected
                        System.out.println("@" + user.getScreenName());
                    }
                }
                page++;
            } while (users.size() != 0 && page < 50);
            System.out.println("done.");
            System.exit(0);
        } catch (TwitterException te) {
            te.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("Failed to search users: " + te.getMessage());
            System.exit(-1);
        }
    }
}


text:
13/09/2016 5:34 AM AEST | Updated 13/09/2016 10:01 AM AEST
The Incredible $15.3 billion Asylum Seeker Cost And Its Human Toll
And that is a conservative estimate.
By Karen Barlow
CANBERRA – The public money funding Australia's current harsh asylum seeker framework is here, there and over there in Treasury's books, but for the first time, all the main line items have been pulled together to estimate the first seven years of the policies will cost taxpayers $15.3 billion.
In the report "At What Cost?" released Tuesday, the groups Save the Children and UNICEF Australia have sought to expose the full financial, strategic and human toll of onshore mandatory detention, offshore processing, boat turn-backs and the failing Cambodia resettlement agreement.
UNICEF, Save the Children
17m children have been displaced by conflict and violence within own countries.
The report has a particular focus on children in the immigration system, but first digs deep into budget papers and Treasury statements.
"Australians will be quite surprised and quite concerned about the level of expenditure moving in this direction," UNICEF's Nicole Breeze told The Huffington Post Australia.
"We have taken a fairly conservative approach to the costings of the policy settings to produce these figures," she said.
Save the Children & UNICEF find Oz Gov from 2013-20 will spend $15.3B to NOT protect #refugees
3x UNHCR Global Budget to help 60M refugees
— Kon Karapanagiotidis (@Kon__K) September 12, 2016
The analysis of the immigration money trail -- spread over ten agencies -- finds taxpayers paid at least $9.6 billion between the framework's start in 2013 and 2016 and should expect to pay out a further $5.7 billion over the next four years.
The Finance Minister Mathias Cormann has not disputed the analysis by the charities about the total cost of offshore processing to Australian taxpayers.
"I don't have the precise figure on how much we are spending on processing people offshore," he told RN Breakfast.
Cormann is not disputing the UNICEF and Save the Children analysis.. $15.3b to be spent on asylum policy, $9.6b already spent @RNBreakfast
— Karen Barlow (@KJBar) September 12, 2016
"What I can tell you it is $3 billion less than what it was, because we have closed 17 detention centres since we have been able to stop the boats and we are not subject to the $11 billion blow out in the cost of border protection and processing of illegal boat arrivals."
The economists behind "At What Cost?" did not include the funding for the Government side of legal challenges, reviews (including "The Forgotten Children"), Senate inquiries and compensation rulings.
While the report puts the most precise yet financial figure on the full program of asylum seeker deterrence, the human cost is being described by UNICEF and Save the Children as incalculable.
Among the documented problems, particularly for children; not having comprehensive access to education, disruption of health services, family separation, the harm of prolonged detention, deterioration of mental health, exposure to violence and cases of self-harm and attempted suicide.
17m children have been displaced by conflict and violence within own countries. Protect #ChildrenUprooted: https://t.co/n92qsMlSd0
— UNICEF (@UNICEF) September 12, 2016
"What's very clear is that these policies are having the effect of disrupting lives," Breeze told HuffPost Australia. "They are impeding children's development."
"The long term effects ... will be felt into future years."
There are also strategic costs for Australia, according to the report, including the loss of Australia's reputation as a rights-respecting nation and strains on relationships with nations such as Indonesia.
With asylum seekers and refugees – who had headed for Australia - now being held on Nauru and Manus Island for almost four years, UNICEF and Save the Children are calling for the Turnbull Government to end the detainees' limbo and strongly consider third country destinations, such as New Zealand.
"We do not accept it is a zero sum game," Freeze said. "We don't believe in it necessary to keep people in limbo."
"We believe it is possible for the government (to find a way forward). We're really encouraging the Government to pivot away from bilateralism and towards the establishment of a genuine, durable regional solution."
Karen Barlow Politics Editor, HuffPost Australia
MORE: australia cambodia canberra indonesia Manus Island nauru New Zealand politics refugees Save the Children Turnbull Government unicef


Wish you had a guide while touring the national parks? Download the GyPSy Guide App.
The app uses your device's location to automatically play commentary about behind-the-scenes stories, historical events and notable geologic formations as you drive. In doing so, it tells you about upcoming sights, so you have time to make an informed decision as to whether you want to stop.
Because the app relies on your phone's GPS signal, not cell towers, no cell network or wifi is required while touring.


Arno Valley, Tuscany, Vacation Rentals include villas, homes, farmhouses and vacation apartments. To view more about a particular Casentino Valley, Tuscany rental click on its name or on the rentals photo. The homes presented here are privately owned Tuscany vacation rentals rented out by owner or their agent. The Casentino, called by many "The Valley Enclosed" is quintessential Italy and Tuscany. Casentino, situated in the upper Arno valley, is famous for its breathtaking scenery. It is a land of castles, Churches and Della Robbia terra-cottas. Come explore this magnficent part of Italy. Begin your Tuscany vacation today by booking one of these terrific vacation rentals.


text:
HomeINTERNATIONALUK Removes All 11 Countries, Including Nigeria, From Red List
UK Removes All 11 Countries, Including Nigeria, From Red List
The United Kingdom Government has announced that all eleven countries will be removed from the UK's travel red list from 4am on Wednesday, December 15.
Nigeria, South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe are countries placed on the list in late November after the emergence of the Omicron variant.
However, UK Health Secretary Sajid Javid said the Omicron variant had spread so widely that the rules no longer make much effect.
He told parliament today, Dec. 14: "Now that there is community transmission of Omicron in the UK and Omicron has spread so widely across the world, the travel red list is now less effective in slowing the incursion of Omicron from abroad.
"Whilst we will maintain our temporary testing measures for international travel we will be removing all 11 countries from the travel red list effective from 4am tomorrow morning."
Currently, all UK arrivals from red list countries must pay for and self-isolate in a pre-booked, government-approved hotel for 10 days. They must also take Covid tests within 48 hours of setting off for the UK and PCR tests within two days of their arrival.


No one lives a perfect life - regardless of what they post on social media! We all face numerous, trials, troubles, and disappointments over the course of life. It's not a smooth road for anyone. And for just about all of us, our choice when faced with troubles is for God to make them disappear. When trials come, we want Him is to make them go away. And we'd just as soon not have any big disappointments, thank you.
No one wants to go through any of these things. We'd all prefer a life of smooth sailing and sunshine, where everything goes according to plan and there are no unforeseen circumstances to deal with or terrible storms to capsize our little boats. No sudden catastrophies, serious illnesses, or unexpected deaths. No job layoffs, financial crises, or backstabbing business competitors. No legal difficulties or children in trouble with the law. No friends or family members who let us down, lie to us, use us and abuse us.
Not going to happen, friends. At least, not while we live in these physical bodies in this sin-ravaged world. Heaven will be free of all these things, but until we get there, we have to learn how to deal with troubles and disappointments. Someone once said every single one of us is either going through trouble, just coming out of trouble, or just about to go through trouble. That's just life.
Remember there is no such thing as an "unforeseen circumstance" to our omnipotent Father. What we consider a disaster may have hidden blessings. That thing that brought us to our knees also drew us closer to God. What we think is unbearable will help us to help others. What we consider a disappointment may turn out to be His-appointment, a chance for us to grow in our own faith or help someone else. We have to remain faithful and know that the Almighty God is in control of every circustance.
Learn to praise Him, not just when things are going our way, but even in the midst of whatever life throws at us, because He is doing great things that we cannot fully understand until after we've gone through the storm. Remember that no matter how bad things may seem right now, our troubles will not last forever, they are only temporary. And even though we cannot see the eternal benefits of what we go through, it will all work out for our good when we allow God to work in us and through us, whatever it takes.


7.5″ X 5″ academic year planner. July thru August weekly format planner has a red cover featuring a silver Wisconsin shield W.
7.5″ X 5″ academic year planner. July thru August weekly format planner has a black cover featuring a red Wisconsin shield W.


Fiber patch cables are connectorized cables used for making connections e.g. in systems for optical fiber communication and for fiber-optic instruments like spectrometers and wavemeters.
E See also our encyclopedia article on fiber patch cables!
46 suppliers for fiber patch cables are listed in the RP Photonics Buyer's Guide. Both manufacturers and distributors can be registered.
TOPTICA Photonics AG offers a wide range of optical fibers ideally suited for use with TOPTICAs lasers and FiberDock. These economically priced fibers cover a wide range of wavelengths. TOPTICA recommends to always purchase a fiber along with a laser and fiber coupler, as this ensures maximum fiber coupling efficiency. Also specialty fibers for power monitoring, beam splitting or combining are available with various ratios and also polarization maintaining.
Our Crystal Fiber portfolio of specialty fibers spans from nonlinear fibers optimized for octave spanning supercontinuum generation, over the World's largest single mode ytterbium gain fibers for high power lasers and amplifiers, to advanced hollow core fibers guiding the light in air. Our single-mode LMA fibers are available as patch cords with standard termination in our aeroGUIDE product range. Moreover, we offer the CONNECT broadband fiber delivery system, enabling easy and robust single mode coupling for fiber delivery at any wavelength – with the industry's highest coupling efficiency.
Read our encyclopedia article on fiber patch cables!


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This chapter presents a method of controlling for climate effects on firm-level productivity measures. The approach involves applying non-parametric (machine learning) regression methods to large spatio-temporal data sets where firm productivity is observed for many time periods and locations. This method is applied to the Australian broadacre cropping industry, using Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) farm survey data for the period 1977–78 to 2014–15 and climate data from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP). The study demonstrates the importance of controlling for climate variability and change when measuring productivity in agriculture, particularly on cropping farms. The results show a significant deterioration in climate conditions for cropping over the last 15 to 20 years, particularly in southern Australia. After the effects of climate have been removed a clear picture of underlying productivity trends emerges, with a slowdown in productivity growth after 1993–94 and a rebound since 2007–08.


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14 Books Published by Yale University Press on Our Site — Book Cover Mosaic
Beyond Aesthetics: Use, Abuse, and Dissonance in African Art Traditions
by Wole Soyinka
Yale University Press (Nov 12, 2019)
Read Detailed Book Description
An intimate reflection on culture and tradition, creativity and power, that draws on a lifetime's commitment to aesthetic encounter
The playwright, poet, essayist, novelist, and Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka is also a longtime art collector. This book of essays offers a glimpse into the motivations of the collector, as well as a highly personal look at the politics of aesthetics and collecting. Detailing moments of first encounter with objects that drew him in and continue to affect him, Soyinka describes a world of mortals, muses, and deities that imbue the artworks with history and meaning.
Beyond Aesthetics is a passionate discussion of the role of identity, tradition, and originality in making, collecting, and exhibiting African art today. Soyinka considers objects that have stirred controversy, and he decries dogmatic efforts—whether colonial or religious—to suppress Africa's artistic traditions. By turns poetic, provocative, and humorous, Soyinka affirms the power of collecting to reclaim tradition. He urges African artists, filmmakers, collectors, and curators to engage with their aesthetic and cultural histories.
The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series Three: Correspondence, Volume 2: 1853-1865
by Frederick Douglass
Yale University Press (Jan 23, 2018)
The second collection of the meticulously edited correspondence of abolitionist, author, statesman, and former slave, Frederick Douglass, covers the years leading up the Civil War through the close of the conflict, offering readers an illuminating portrait of an extraordinary American and the turbulent times in which he lived. An important contribution to historical scholarship, the documents included offer fascinating insights into the abolitionist movement during wartime and the author's relationship to Abraham Lincoln and other prominent figures of the era.
Protest at Selma: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
by David J. Garrow
Yale University Press (Sep 08, 2015)
"The work of David J. Garrow is more than a day-by-day account of how the historic Voting Rights Act of 1965 came into being.� It is also a skillful analysis of the dynamics of protest activity and more particularly of the ways in which successful protesters deliberately use the mass media to influence uninvolved audiences." �American Historical Review
"A valuable book, because it is a reminder of both the heroism and the brutality displayed in the great civil rights crusade." �David Herbert Donald, The New Republic
"One of the most comprehensive studies yet of a single campaign within the civil-rights movement." �Pat Watters, New York Times Book Review
"An excellent fusion of important theoretical constructs with careful and thoughtful empirical analysis.� A desirable addition to most college libraries, useful for a variety of courses�.Thoroughly documented.� Recommended." �Choice
Eslanda: The Large and Unconventional Life of Mrs. Paul Robeson
by Barbara Ransby
Yale University Press (Feb 25, 2014)
Eslanda 'Essie' Cardozo Goode Robeson lived a colourful and amazing life, embroiled in much of the twentieth century's social turmoil and travelling to every corner of the globe to fight for downtrodden and oppressed peoples. She was a woman of unusual accomplishment - an anthropologist, a prolific journalist, a tireless advocate of women's rights, an outspoken anti-colonial and antiracist activist, and an internationally sought-after speaker. Yet historians for the most part have confined Essie to the role of Mrs. Paul Robeson, a wife hidden behind the large shadow cast by her famous husband. In this masterful book, biographer Barbara Ransby refocuses attention on Essie, one of the most important and fascinating black women of the twentieth century. Chronicling Essie's eventful life, the book explores her influence on her husband's early career and how she later achieved her own unique political voice. Essie's friendships with a host of literary icons and world leaders, her renown as a fierce defender of justice, her defiant testimony before Senator Joseph McCarthy's infamous anti-communist committee, and her unconventional open marriage that endured for over 40 years - all are brought to light in the pages of this inspiring biography. Essie's indomitable personality shines through, and her contributions to American and world history can be fully appreciated at last.
My Bondage and My Freedom
Born into slavery in 1818, Frederick Douglass escaped to freedom and became a passionate advocate for abolition and social change and the foremost spokesperson for the nation's enslaved African American population in the years preceding the Civil War. My Bondage and My Freedom is Douglass's masterful recounting of his remarkable life and a fiery condemnation of a political and social system that would reduce people to property and keep an entire race in chains.
This classic is revisited with a new introduction and annotations by celebrated Douglass scholar David W. Blight. Blight situates the book within the politics of the 1850s and illuminates how My Bondage represents Douglass as a mature, confident, powerful writer who crafted some of the most unforgettable metaphors of slavery and freedom—indeed of basic human universal aspirations for freedom—anywhere in the English language.
Of Africa
A member of the unique generation of African writers and intellectuals who came of age in the last days of colonialism, Wole Soyinka has witnessed the promise of independence and lived through postcolonial failure. He deeply comprehends the pressing problems of Africa, and, an irrepressible essayist and a staunch critic of the oppressive boot, he unhesitatingly speaks out. In this magnificent new work, Soyinka offers a wide-ranging inquiry into Africa's culture, religion, history, imagination and identity. He seeks to understand how the continent's history is entwined with the histories of others, while exploring Africa's truest assets: "its humanity, the quality and valuation of its own existence, and modes of managing its environment - both physical and intangible (which includes the spiritual)". Fully grasping the extent of Africa's most challenging issues, Soyinka nevertheless refuses defeatism. With eloquence he analyzes problems ranging from the meaning of the past to the threat of theocracy. He asks hard questions about racial attitudes, inter-ethnic and religious violence, the viability of nations whose boundaries were laid out by outsiders, African identity on the continent and among displaced Africans, and more. Soyinka's exploration of Africa relocates the continent in the reader's imagination and maps a course toward an African future of peace and affirmation.
American Lynching
by Ashraf H. A. Rushdy
Yale University Press (Oct 30, 2012)
After observing the varying reactions to the 1998 death of James Byrd Jr. in Texas, called a lynching by some, denied by others,�Ashraf Rushdy determined that to comprehend this event he needed to understand the long history of lynching in the United States. In this meticulously researched and accessibly written interpretive history, Rushdy shows how lynching in America has endured, evolved, and changed in meaning over the course of three centuries, from its origins in early Virginia to the present day.Rushdy argues that we can understand what lynching means in American history by examining its evolution—that is, by seeing how the practice changes in both form and meaning over the course of three centuries, by analyzing the rationales its advocates have made in its defense, and, finally, by explicating its origins.�The best way of understanding what lynching has meant in different times, and for different populations, during the course of American history is by seeing both the continuities in the practice over time and the specific features in different forms of lynching in different eras.
Carl Van Vechten And The Harlem Renaissance: A Portrait In Black And White
by Emily Bernard
Carl Van Vechten was a white man with a passion for blackness who played a crucial role in helping the Harlem Renaissance, a black movement, come to understand itself. Carl Van Vechten and the Harlem Renaissance is grounded in the dramas occasioned by the Harlem Renaissance, as it is called today, or New Negro Renaissance, as it was called in the 1920s, when it first came into being. Emily Bernard focuses on writing—the black and white of things—the articles, fiction, essays, and letters that Carl Van Vechten wrote to black people and about black culture, and the writing of the black people who wrote to and about him. Above all, she is interested in the interpersonal exchanges that inspired the writing, which are ultimately far more significant than the public records would suggest.This book is a partial biography of a once controversial figure. It is not a comprehensive history of an entire life, but rather a chronicle of one of his lives, his black life, which began in his boyhood and thrived until his death. The narrative at the core of Carl Van Vechten and the Harlem Renaissance is not an attempt to answer the question of whether Van Vechten was good or bad for black people, or whether or not he hurt or helped black creative expression during the Harlem Renaissance. As Bernard writes, the book instead "enlarges that question into something much richer and more nuanced: a tale about the messy realities of race, and the complicated tangle of black and white."
Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, And Black Women In America
by Melissa V. Harris-Perry
Jezebel's sexual lasciviousness, Mammy's devotion, and Sapphire's outspoken anger—these are among the most persistent stereotypes that black women encounter in contemporary American life. Hurtful and dishonest, such representations force African American women to navigate a virtual crooked room that shames them and shapes their experiences as citizens. Many respond by assuming a mantle of strength that may convince others, and even themselves, that they do not need help. But as a result, the unique political issues of black women are often ignored and marginalized.In this groundbreaking book, Melissa V. Harris-Perry uses multiple methods of inquiry, including literary analysis, political theory, focus groups, surveys, and experimental research, to understand more deeply black women's political and emotional responses to pervasive negative race and gender images. Not a traditional political science work concerned with office-seeking, voting, or ideology, Sister Citizen instead explores how African American women understand themselves as citizens and what they expect from political organizing. Harris-Perry shows that the shared struggle to preserve an authentic self and secure recognition as a citizen links together black women in America, from the anonymous survivors of Hurricane Katrina to the current First Lady of the United States.
A Fragile Freedom
Yale University Press (Apr 15, 2011)
A startling and eye-opening look into America's First Family, Never Caught is the powerful narrative of Ona Judge, George and Martha Washington's runaway slave who risked it all to escape the nation's capital and reach freedom.
When George Washington was elected president, he reluctantly left behind his beloved Mount Vernon to serve in Philadelphia, the temporary seat of the nation's capital, after a brief stay in New York. In setting up his household he took Tobias Lear, his celebrated secretary, and nine slaves, including Ona Judge, about which little has been written. As he grew accustomed to Northern ways, there was one change he couldn't get his arms around: Pennsylvania law required enslaved people be set free after six months of residency in the state. Rather than comply, Washington decided to circumvent the law. Every six months he sent the slaves back down south just as the clock was about to expire.
Though Ona Judge lived a life of relative comfort, the few pleasantries she was afforded were nothing compared to freedom, a glimpse of which she encountered first-hand in Philadelphia. So, when the opportunity presented itself one clear and pleasant spring day in Philadelphia, Judge left everything she knew to escape to New England. Yet freedom would not come without its costs.
At just twenty-two-years-old, Ona became the subject of an intense manhunt led by George Washington, who used his political and personal contacts to recapture his property.
Impeccably researched, historian Erica Armstrong Dunbar weaves a powerful tale and offers fascinating new scholarship on how one young woman risked it all to gain freedom from the famous founding father.
Black Gotham: A Family History Of African-Americans In Nineteenth Century New York City
by Carla L. Peterson
Part detective tale, part social and cultural narrative, Black Gotham is Carla Peterson's riveting account of her quest to reconstruct the lives of her nineteenth-century ancestors. As she shares their stories and those of their friends, neighbors, and business associates, she illuminates the greater history of African-American elites in New York City.Black Gotham challenges many of the accepted "truths" about African-American history, including the assumption that the phrase "nineteenth-century black Americans" means enslaved people, that "New York state before the Civil War" refers to a place of freedom, and that a black elite did not exist until the twentieth century. Beginning her story in the 1820s, Peterson focuses on the pupils of the Mulberry Street School, the graduates of which went on to become eminent African-American leaders. She traces their political activities as well as their many achievements in trade, business, and the professions against the backdrop of the expansion of scientific racism, the trauma of the Civil War draft riots, and the rise of Jim Crow.Told in a vivid, fast-paced style, Black Gotham is an important account of the rarely acknowledged achievements of nineteenth-century African Americans and brings to the forefront a vital yet forgotten part of American history and culture.
On Classical Economics
by Thomas Sowell
Yale University Press (Mar 31, 2006)
Thomas Sowell's many writings on the history of economic thought have appeared in a number of scholarly journals and books, and these writings have been praised, reprinted, and translated in various countries around the world.The classical era in the history of economics is an important part of the history of ideas in general, and its implications reach beyond the bounds of the economics profession.� On Classical Economics is a book from which students can learn both history and economics. It is not simply a Cook's tour of colorful personalities of the past but a study of how certain economic concepts and tools of analysis arose, and how their implications were revealed during the controversies that followed. In addition to a general understanding of classical macroeconomics and microeconomics, this book offers special insight into the neglected pioneering work of Sismondi?and why it was neglected?and a detailed look at John Stuart Mill's enigmatic role in the development of economics and the mysteries of Marxian economics.Clear, engaging, and very readable, without being either cute or condescending, On Classical Economics can enable a course on the history of economic thought to make a contribution to students' understanding of economics in general—whether in price theory, monetary theory, or international trade.� In short, it is a book about analysis as well as history.
The Sage Of Sugar Hill: George S. Schuyler And The Harlem Renaissance
by Jeffrey Ferguson
This book is the first to focus a bright light on the life and early career of George S. Schuyler, one of the most important intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance. A popular journalist in black America, Schuyler wielded a sharp, double-edged wit to attack the foibles of both blacks and whites throughout the 1920s. Jeffrey B. Ferguson presents a new understanding of Schuyler as public intellectual while also offering insights into the relations between race and satire during a formative period of African-American cultural history.Ferguson discusses Schuyler's controversial career and reputation and examines the paradoxical ideas at the center of his message. The author also addresses Schuyler's drift toward the political right in his later years and how this has affected his legacy.
Bessie: Revised and Expanded Edition
by Chris Albertson
Yale University Press (Jun 10, 2005)
The basis for the HBO film airing in May 2015, this revised and expanded edition of the definitive biography of Bessie Smith, known as the "Empress of the Blues", debunks many of the myths that circulated after her untimely death in 1937. For this new edition, Chris Albertson provides more details of Bessie's early years, new interview material, and a chapter devoted to events and responses that followed the original publication.
"The first estimable full-length biography not only of Bessie Smith but of any black musician."—Whitney Balliett, New Yorker (on the first edition)
"A remarkably clear-eyed examination of Smith's personality (and sexuality) and, more important, of the gritty and greedy music business."—Benjamin Schwarz, Atlantic Monthly
"A vivid portrait of this quintessential American diva."—Will Friedwald, New York Sun
"The most devastating, provocative, and enlightening work of its kind ever contributed to the annals of jazz literature."—Leonard Feather, Los Angeles Times (on the first edition)
"An exemplary biography . . . [with] a gripping, often moving, narrative."—John Mole, Times Literary Supplement


2-component solventbased floor finish for all high traffic areas.
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ONE Victorian title in a household is good, two is great.
Sunraysia Dirt Karters brothers Tyson, 18, and Todd Martin, 16, took home the Standard Clubman and 125cc classes respectively at the Speedway Karting Victorian Titles last weekend.
It was Tyson's second consecutive class win.


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Top 10 Cardinals Relievers of the Last Decade
Josh Calloni, Reporter
Baseball is always changing, and one of the most recent changes to the sport has been the ever growing importance of the reliever. The Cardinals have had a multitude of great relievers over the last 10 years or so, but which are the top 10 of the last decade.
Relievers who were great with other teams and performed poorly with the Cardinals will not be counted, only relievers that were great with the Cardinals.
Some honorable mentions considered were Giovanny Gallegos, Matt Bowman and Fernando Salas.
Jordan Hicks.
Hicks burst onto the scene in 2018 as one of the hardest throwers the league has ever seen come out of a bullpen. Consistently hitting 100 miles per hour, and then adding in movement on his sinker, Hicks has been nearly unhittable since his first appearance in the league. This is even more impressive noting that Hicks has not pitched above the Class A level in the minors. Hicks is currently out with Tommy John Surgery, but the 23 year old Cardinal closer should continue to move up the rankings amongst Cardinal relievers of all time.
John Brebbia.
Brebbia fits a standard for Cardinal players. He was acquired out of the minor league Rule 5 draft, and even pitched in an independent league prior to joining the Cardinals organization. However, once he was called up to the big leagues, the bearded Brebbia never looked back. Brebbia owns a 3.14 ERA with a 3.39 FIP since 2017, and holds very consistent strikeout numbers. Brebbia, soon to be 30, has three more years of team control, and barring any drastic change, should sit in the Cardinals bullpen as a reliable setup man for years to come.
Pat Neshek.
Neshek's Cardinal career was short lived, but what it was not short on, was dominance. The submarine reliever signed a minor league contract with the Cardinals in 2014, and absolutely tore through the league that season. Neshek owned a 1.87 ERA over 71 games, which was good for an ERA+ of 195, nearly double the league average. He carried a FIP of 2.25, and put up a K/9 of nearly 10. While he was only here for one season, Neshek's sheer dominance makes him an easy choice for a top 10 relievers list.
Randy Choate.
Choate had an interesting Cardinals career. It spanned three seasons, but while he was never injured, he only pitched 98 innings. Choate was the last truly dominant left handed reliever the Cardinals possesed out of their bullpen. The left handed sidearm was used purely to get southpaws out, and once he did so, he was removed from the game. Signed in 2012, the then 37 year old lived out his three year contract carrying a 3.56 ERA with a FIP that was slightly lower, at 3.24. His last moments as a Cardinal were not as pretty, throwing a ball away to give the Giants a key win in the 2015 NLCS, but his total numbers in St. Louis were hard to look beyond. Choate retired after his stint with the Cardinals,
Seung-Hwan Oh.
Oh was not like any other on this list. He was signed out of Korea as a 33 year old rookie, and most fans only knew one thing about him, and that was his nickname, The Stone Buddha. Oh's rookie year, 2016, was a pure showing of dominance. He appeared in 76 games, pitching 79.1 innings, striking out 103 batters, and allowing only 17 runs. That comes out to an ERA of 1.92, and a FIP that was not much higher at 2.13. Oh was 112% better than the average pitcher in 2016. His 2017 was not quite as strong, where he pitched to a 4.10 ERA and had a homerun problem, but with his pure dominance in 2016, his spot on this list is very deserving. After his departure from St. Louis, Oh pitched with the Blue Jays and Rockies before returning home to Korea to pitch in the KBO.
Seth Maness.
Maness was very under the radar during his Cardinals tenure from 2013-16. Maness owned a 3.19 ERA over that time, with a 3.55 FIP. He was never truly dominant like some others on this list, but he held a very consistent level of play for a long time, as far as relievers go. He pitched a total of 237 innings out of the Cardinals bullpen, mainly to get ground balls in key situations. However, in 2016, Maness tore his UCL, but chose to have a work around surgery instead of Tommy John, which truly threw off the rest of his career. His role as a ground ball specialist was taken over by Matt Bowman, and Maness was claimed off waivers by the Royals, where he played 8 games and then disappeared in the abyss that is minor league baseball.
Edward Mujica.
Mujica played a total of 94 games with the Cardinals over a year and a half, and like any before him on this list, he was dominant with the Cardinals in that short amount of time. Acquired from the Marlins at the 2012 trade deadline, Mujica dealt a 1.03 ERA with a 2.34 FIP in 29 games. When the Cardinals brought him back in 2013, he continued right where he left off. Mujica appeared in 65 games, and notched 37 saves. He led the bullpen into the World Series that year, and departed via free agency after the Cardinals elimination. Mujica seemingly fell off as soon as he burst onto the scene, bouncing around with Boston, Oakland and Detroit after St. Louis, but never dominating like he did with the Cardinals. The Cardinals re-signed him in 2018, but he never appeared in the big leagues, and retired soon after.
Kevin Siegrist.
Siegrist' Cardinals career was truly odd. He was known as the left handed reliever who pitched from the right side of the pitching rubber. His rookie season was one of the best a reliever has ever produced, with a miniscule ERA of 0.45 over 40 innings pitched. His 2014 was much rougher, with an ERA north of 6, but his advanced stats from that season say otherwise. He had a run from 2015 to 2016 where he never put up an ERA above 2.80, and was looking like one of the best relievers in baseball heading into 2017. However, Siegrist had an ERA of nearly 5 that season, and the Cardinals moved on from the then 27 year old. He was traded to the Phillies then after, pitched in seven games, and then was never seen again. Siegrist's case was truly rare, as not many young relievers with dominant stats in their young careers disappear that quickly.
Jason Motte.
Motte will always hold a special place in Cardinals history, and for good reason. Not only did he close out the magical World Series run the Cardinals had in 2011, but from 2010 to 2014, he was a truly dominant reliever. Motte carried an ERA of 2.69 over 217 innings in that time, and that included a year in 2013 where he did not pitch due to injury. He was never an allstar, and never notched many saves, but his stellar numbers, added to what he had done for the city of St. Louis off the field with his Strikeout Cancer group, and closing out the 2011 World Series will forever notch Motte as one of the best relievers in recent Cardinal history. After his Cardinal tenure, he bounced around between Colorado, Chicago and Atlanta, before returning to St. Louis in 2018 and then calling it quits during Spring Training.
Finally, number one, Trevor Rosenthal.
Rosenthal had one of the most amazing runs as a reliever in Cardinal history. From 2012 to 2017, he was nearly unhittable. He carried an ERA of 2.99 and a FIP that was much lower, at 2.60. He raced up the rankings on the Cardinals all time save leaderboard, notching 121 over his six years here. He also notched 435 strikeouts over that time. His best year by far was 2015, where his ERA was a career low 2.10, with 48 saves, which earned him an all star nod and a few league MVP votes. At the end of the 2017 season, Rosenthal needed Tommy John Surgery, and was let go by the Cardinals. He remained unsigned until his recovery in 2019, and signed with the Washington Nationals. He had major control issues and was never quite the same pitcher. He was then released, signed with the Tigers, and possesed much of the same issues. He spent the rest of the season in the minor leagues and signed on with his hometown Kansas City Royals for 2020.
I'm Josh Calloni, and I'm a senior.
I like baseball and that is probably the most important thing anyone needs to know about me. My favorite players...
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I love how you picked up on the movement of the model's dress. Such a cute card! Thanks for joining us at Runway!
I love the doodle-y dragonflies paired with that bold and clean sentiment. Thanks for joining us on the Runway!