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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Eighth Circuit › 1992 › Boyd Huls, Appellant, v. A.l. Lockhart, Appellee
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Boyd Huls, Appellant, v. A.l. Lockhart, Appellee, 958 F.2d 212 (8th Cir. 1992)
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit - 958 F.2d 212 (8th Cir. 1992)
Submitted Dec. 11, 1991. Decided Feb. 27, 1992
Walter Craig Lambert, Little Rock, Ark., argued (John Wesley Hall, Jr., and Craig Lambert, on brief), for appellant.
Kelly K. Hill, Little Rock, Ark., argued (Winston Bryant, Kelly K. Hill, on brief), for appellee.
Before LAY,* Chief Judge, WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge, and HANSEN, Circuit Judge.
WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge.
Boyd T. Huls appeals from the district court's1 order denying his petition for writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. We affirm.
Huls was convicted by a jury in Fulton County, Arkansas, of murder in the second degree. The conviction was affirmed on appeal. Huls v. State, 27 Ark.App. 242, 770 S.W.2d 160 (1989). Huls' petition for post-conviction relief, alleging ineffective assistance of trial counsel, was denied. Huls v. State, 301 Ark. 572, 785 S.W.2d 467 (1990).
Having exhausted his state remedies, Huls brought this habeas action, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel at his trial. An evidentiary hearing was held before a magistrate judge.2
The jury for Huls' trial was selected on January 6, 1988. Due to an extended period of inclement weather, however, the trial did not begin until February 22, 1988. Defense counsel failed to object to the composition of the jury, and the trial proceeded. Because of this forty-six day delay, and because the trial was highly publicized, the magistrate judge submitted recommended findings to the effect that 1) the trial court failed to take adequate steps to insure that the jury's impartiality had not been compromised; and 2) trial counsel were ineffective for failing to object to the commencement of the trial under such circumstances.
The district court declined to adopt these recommended findings. The district court held that 1) the trial court took reasonable steps to insure that the jury was comprised of impartial persons; and 2) the decision of defense counsel to proceed with the trial notwithstanding the delay was strategic or tactical. The district court adopted the magistrate judge's recommendation to reject Huls' remaining arguments and dismissed Huls' habeas petition.
On appeal, Huls argues that defense counsel were ineffective because they failed to 1) seek a change of venue due to pre-trial publicity; 2) object to the composition of the jury due to the pre-trial publicity and the forty-six day delay; 3) properly preserve the issue of the admissibility of certain hearsay testimony; 4) present expert testimony as to the victim's cause of death; and 5) call character witnesses to testify in Huls' behalf.
To prevail on his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, Huls must show that the performance of his defense counsel fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2065, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). Huls must further demonstrate "that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Id. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.
As we review the adequacy of defense counsel's performance, we note that:
it is all too easy for a court, examining counsel's defense after it has proved unsuccessful, to conclude that a particular act or omission of counsel was unreasonable. A fair assessment of attorney performance requires that every effort be made to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the circumstances of counsel's challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel's perspective at the time. Because of the difficulties inherent in making the evaluation, a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance....
Id. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065 (citation omitted). In short, " [j]udicial scrutiny of counsel's performance must be highly deferential," id., and we will not second-guess an attorney's trial strategy. Johnson v. Lockhart, 921 F.2d 796, 799 (8th Cir. 1991).
A claim of ineffective assistance presents a mixed question of law and fact. We review the district court's factual findings for clear error and its legal conclusions de novo. Chandler v. Armontrout, 940 F.2d 363, 365 (8th Cir. 1991).
We address first Huls' claim that defense counsel were ineffective because they failed to seek a change of venue due to the pre-trial publicity.
Two of the three members of the defense team, Carmack Sullivan and Larry Kissee, had close ties to the county in which Huls was tried. The final member of the defense team, Wayne Emmons, was less familiar with Fulton County. At the hearing before the magistrate, Emmons testified that he had argued with Sullivan for a change of venue and that Sullivan had prevailed. Emmons testified that:
[Sullivan's] rationale [for not seeking a venue change] was that he knew the people in that county. [Sullivan] had tried--he said he had some of his greatest successes in that county. [Sullivan] had been prosecuting attorney in that county. [Sullivan] always liked juries in that county, but a great many of the jurors from the jury pool ... would come from Cherokee Village who were also from states north of the Mason-Dixon line, which [sic] Boyd [Huls] was from, and would conceivably not have an Ozark Mountain southern prejudice against Boyd that some of the local people would, and he wanted to try it in that county.
Transcript of Federal Evidentiary Hearing (Fed. Transcript) at 107. In addition, Emmons testified that the defense team had
a marvelous dossier on every potential juror insofar as where they worked and who they were kin to and what their politics was [sic].... [It] was Mr. Sullivan's decision [not to seek a venue change]. He made it not just randomly or upon a whim, but based on the information.
Id. at 107-08. Thus, defense counsel considered their familiarity with the county, its citizens, and the particular jurors, and the possibility of reduced prejudices in deciding not to seek a change of venue.
We have "repeatedly warned against secondguessing a lawyer's trial strategy in evaluating claims of ineffective assistance of counsel." Johnson, 921 F.2d at 799; Laws v. Armontrout, 863 F.2d 1377, 1393-94 (8th Cir. 1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1040, 109 S. Ct. 1944, 104 L. Ed. 2d 415 (1989); Blackmon v. White, 825 F.2d 1263, 1265 (8th Cir. 1987). As defense counsel's decision was "within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance," Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065, we hold that defense counsel were not ineffective for failing to seek a change of venue in this case.
We next address Huls' claim that defense counsel were ineffective because they should have objected to the composition of the jury in light of the pre-trial publicity and the forty-six day delay between jury selection and trial, and that the trial court failed to take adequate steps to insure an impartial jury.
As to the failure to object to the jury, the record reflects that defense counsel indeed discussed moving for a mistrial due to the long delay and the possibility that the jury had been exposed to the pre-trial publicity. Regarding the delay question, Emmons testified:
Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Kissee felt like the people they actually had on that jury--they had several people that would be strong for Boyd [Huls], and that even though [extrajudicial influence] was a possibility, that that could be handled by additional voir dire at the time the trial was to begin, and I believe Judge Kemp did do additional voir dire at the time the trial began.
Fed. Transcript at 108. Thus, the two lawyers most familiar with the locality (and presumably most knowledgeable about Huls' chances of success with a local jury) decided not to object to the composition of the jury despite the delay.
Huls argues, however, that the district court erred by labeling defense counsel's failure to object on the delay issue a tactical decision. Rather, he argues, defense counsel's failure to object to the delay was wholly without reason, citing Riley v. Wyrick, 712 F.2d 382, 385 (8th Cir. 1983). We do not agree, for defense counsel chose to continue with the selected jury for several reasons. They were familiar with the county and the jurors. Indeed, the defense team believed they had already selected a sympathetic jury; that "they had several people that would be strong for Boyd [Huls]." Defense counsel also believed that there would be less potential for local prejudice against Huls because many of the citizens of Cherokee Village, Fulton County, hailed from northern states. The defense team's decision to try their case to a jury with which they felt comfortable, rather than take their chances with a new jury, was therefore not without reason. "While one may disagree with [defense counsel's] theory, [they] clearly had one." Johnson, 921 F.2d at 800. In sum, defense counsel's decision was a strategic one, and Huls has not overcome the "strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065.
Huls also argues that the trial court failed to take adequate steps to insure that the jury was comprised of impartial persons. We disagree.
In finding that the trial court failed to take adequate steps to insure that the jury had not been compromised during the delay, the magistrate judge cited United States v. Price, 573 F.2d 356 (5th Cir. 1978), in which the Fifth Circuit articulated a trial court's duty to conduct supplemental voir dire when there has been a significant delay between jury selection and trial.
First, we note that defense counsel failed to raise an objection to the jury based upon the delay. Even under the Fifth Circuit precedent, it appears that, in the absence of such an objection, the trial court in this case may have been under no duty to conduct supplemental voir dire. United States v. Capua, 656 F.2d 1033, 1036 (5th Cir. 1981) ("Only such a [n] [objection] triggers the duty of the trial court to conduct the supplemental voir dire."). Second, we note that the trial court did in fact conduct supplemental voir dire. Before the trial commenced the trial court addressed the jury.
At this time then let me inquire of the jury.... [H]as anyone attempted to talk with you about the facts of this case during the time from the time you were selected in January up until today's date? Have any of you read anything in the newspaper or heard anything on the radio or possibly on television that might influence you in any way? And, of course, at the time you were selected, [you were] selected with the purpose that you all would be fair and impartial, be the twelve most fair people.... Is there anything that has developed between January 4th and today's date that would interfere with you sitting fairly and impartially?
State Trial Transcript at 486-87. The magistrate judge found this inquiry to be cursory and inadequate. The inquiry was sufficient, however, for one of the jurors to express concern with regard to his ability to serve as an impartial juror. After an in camera discussion with the judge, prosecutor, and defense counsel, the juror was excused. Upon returning to the courtroom, the trial court asked the remaining jurors, "Is there anyone else that has anything to report to the Court?" Upon receiving no response, the trial court seated one of the alternate jurors and proceeded with the trial. Defense counsel were present during the supplemental voir dire and, apparently for reasons we have found to be strategic, did not object to the composition of the jury. Accordingly, we agree with the district court's conclusion that the trial court took reasonable steps to insure that the jury was composed of impartial persons.
Next, Huls argues that defense counsel were ineffective because they failed to properly preserve for appeal the issue of the inadmissibility of certain hearsay testimony. Defense counsel chose to move in limine to have the hearsay evidence excluded, rather than to contemporaneously object during trial. Emmons testified that 1) he believed a motion in limine to be "a much better way of preserving an issue for appeal ... [as] an objection after a question ... poisons the jury;" and 2) he had in the past preserved issues for appeal in this manner. Fed. Transcript at 119. On appeal, the hearsay was found inadmissible; the conviction was affirmed, however, because the appellate court found that the issue had not been properly preserved for appellate review. See Huls, 27 Ark.App. 242, 770 S.W.2d 160 (1989). While the court held that the motion in limine was so vague that counsel was required to have objected at trial to preserve the error, it noted that " [i]t has been held that when a motion in limine is overruled, no further objection is needed." Id. 770 S.W.2d at 163 (citation omitted). We note that when defense counsel's strategy "turns out to be wrong or even poorly advised, [in hindsight,] this fact alone cannot support a belated claim of ineffective counsel." Robinson v. United States, 448 F.2d 1255, 1256 (8th Cir. 1971) (citations omitted). Moreover, the Arkansas Supreme Court, which fully considered this issue, determined that "even if a timely objection at trial could have prevented the ... testimony, the evidence ... does not lead this court to conclude that there was a reasonable probability that the jury would have acquitted [Huls without the hearsay testimony]." Huls, 785 S.W.2d at 469. We agree.
Huls also contends that defense counsel were ineffective because they failed to present expert testimony as to the victim's cause of death. The magistrate judge found that defense counsel's failure to employ an expert to review the medical examiner's findings and autopsy report fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. The magistrate judge examined this error in light of the totality of the circumstances, Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 106 S. Ct. 2574, 91 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1986), and noted that he had before him both the trial testimony and the testimony of Huls' expert:
While [the expert's] testimony would [have] cast a pall on the methodology and thoroughness of [the medical examiner], it could have also opened the door for cross-examination and argument by the prosecution on the possibility that [the victim] lost her life through strangulation. Such a conclusion could hardly be helpful to Petitioner.
Addendum to Magistrate's Findings, pg. 5. The magistrate judge concluded that Huls had not shown, to a reasonable probability, that "but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. In light of the potential prejudice from this testimony, which may well have supported the state's theory that the victim had been strangled and beaten to death, we hold that the district court did not err in adopting the proposed finding that Huls had suffered no prejudice as a result of counsel's failure to employ an expert.
Finally, Huls argues that defense counsel were ineffective because they failed to call character witnesses. The magistrate judge found that defense counsel's failure to call these witness was the product of trial strategy. We agree.
Emmons testified that character witnesses are vastly overrated; they are only helpful if they are "dynamite." Defense counsel learned, however, that their best potential witness had allegedly seen Huls smoke marijuana and inject a substance into his body. Fed. Transcript at 103. Fearing that the state might comment on this information during cross examination, defense counsel decided not to call this witness. In short, defense counsel's decision not to call character witnesses was strategic and professionally reasonable.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
The Honorable Donald P. Lay was Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit at the time this case was submitted and took senior status on January 7, 1992, before the opinion was filed
The Honorable Elsijane T. Roy, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas
The Honorable John L. Forster, United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas
of Eighth Circuit opinions.


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Q: AWS CLI S3 Access I am trying to access S3 Bucket using AWS CLI. I have installed and configured AWS CLI referring to AmazonAWSCLI. So, when I try to list using $aws s3 ls s3://xyz/ I am getting the following error:
Not supported proxy scheme asusproxy

I tried to setup proxy using
export HTTP_PROXY=http://username:password@a.b.c.d:n

But, still getting the same error. What might be the issue?
Note:-

The same setup works on an amazon ec2 machine

A: If you need to access AWS through proxy servers, you should configure the HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY environment variables with the IP addresses for your proxy servers.
try:
export HTTP_PROXY=http://username:password@a.b.c.d:n
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://username:password@a.b.c.d:n

the setup works on your ec2 instance because there is no proxy server.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


OFFICIALS of the Ministry of Transport and Aviation have launched a full investigation into another oil spill that occurred off Grand Bahama over the weekend.
They claimed, through a press release, that the oil slick, the second in months involving the Bahamas Oil Refining Company (BORCO) has diminished and is no longer visible. The incident occurred near Pinder's Point, shortly before 1pm on Saturday.
BORCO has said that a pipeline, which is believed to be the source of the spill, contained oily residue as a result of the decommissioning of several pipelines. Bunker C Heavy Fuel Oil was originally pumped through the pipelines.
However, due to bad weather, the response team was unable to complete the assessment and clean-up operations on Saturday.
The National Oil Spill Advisory Committee held a meeting yesterday at 4 pm to review the situation and to ensure that mechanisms were in place to adequately respond to this latest incident. They are reviewing all actions to respond to the spill.
A fly over took place yesterday where it was confirmed that there were no signs of contamination. An action plan from BORCO was submitted to the government and approved for a clean up strategy moving forward.
Last month Robert Kennedy Jr, senior attorney, Natural Resources Defence Council, urged Bahamians to take a serious stand in preserving the country's precious underwater resources.
He said he was very concerned about the progressive breakdown of one of the country's most famous underwater reefs.
According to Mr Kennedy, several reefs in the Clifton Pier area have been nearly destroyed by repeated oil spills from BEC's Clifton Pier Diesel Power Plant.
Mr Kennedy's revelations came just days after Environment Minister Kenred Dorsette confirmed that 210 gallons of oil had been spilled on Sunday, January 20, in waters off Grand Bahama. However clean up crews disputed Mr Dorsett's claims and said that in fact thousands of gallons had been spilled.
The spill had occurred near the BORCO site in Freeport Harbour.
At the time, the oil spill was the second at Grand Bahama since last December.
In December a tier-one oil spill happened off the coast of Grand Bahama after a Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) vessel reported a leak.
Shortly after that incident, around 70,000 gallons of fuel spilled onto the ground at the Bahamas Electricity Corporation's (BEC) fuel facility at Rock Sound, Eleuthera.
Drill baby DRILL!! We can safeguard against spill NO PROBLEM!!


"Hi, I bought some of your liquid titanium leg wraps at Burghley and promised I'd let you know how I found them! I'd been using them before working my horses while it's been colder to help them loosen off and have seen a noticeable difference. However in the past couple of weeks following a tendon injury, these wraps have come into their own and been a god send for my pony -- I put them on for one hour morning and evening before cold hosing and the swelling/heat completely disappeared after 4 days much to my vet and everyone's surprise! I'm continuing to use them while she's on box rest to speed up healing and believe they've made a huge difference to her recovery so far. So pleased I bought these from you and thank you very much again for your advice about them!"
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text:
In Europe criticized the special operation of the SBU
Posted By newsmaker on May 30, 2018
Lies about the murder of the journalist has caused outrage
Reaction of international organizations to the re-enactment of the murder of journalist Arkady Babchenko. The special services of Ukraine, was convicted of spreading false information.
The organization reporters without borders on Wednesday, may 30, criticized the re-enactment of the murder of the Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko Ukrainian law enforcers. Also the negative reaction it caused and the OSCE.
So, Secretary-General of the reporters without borders Christophe Deluar expressed outrage at such manipulation.
"Reporters without borders strongly expresses indignation in connection with the revelations of manipulation by the Ukrainian security services in the framework of the ongoing information war. Always very dangerous when the state "playing" with the facts, especially when it is done with the journalists," he wrote on Twitter.
Le journaliste russe Arkadi Babchenko, exilé en Ukraine depuis 2017, tué par balles devant la porte de son appartement de Kiev. L'enquête devra dire s il est une victime directe ou indirecte d'une guerre de l'information étatique. https://t.co/Q3hnc2eGqg pic.twitter.com/adVEMevHid
— Christophe Deloire (@cdeloire) 29 may 2018
Sorry about the spread of Ukraine of misinformation about the murder of journalist Arkady Babchenko was expressed by the representative of the Organization for security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE) on freedom of the media, Harlem Desir. About this he wrote on Twitter.
"I am happy that Arkady Babchenko alive! I regret about the decision about dissemination of false information about the life of a journalist. The state is obliged to provide the public with correct information," he wrote.
Relieved that Arkadiy #Babchenko is alive! I deplore the decision to spread false information on the life of a journalist. It is the duty of the state to provide correct information to the public.
— OSCE media freedom (@OSCE_RFoM) 30 may 2018.
As reported, the OSCE representative on freedom of the media, Harlem Desir sent to Kiev to Express solidarity with the journalist community of Ukraine in connection with the murder of journalist Arkady Babchenko.
We remind that on may 29 it was reported that in Kiev on the threshold of his apartment shot and killed the Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko.
A may 30, it became known that Arkady Babchenko alive. He appeared at a briefing to journalists, told about the special operation of SBU and apologized to his wife.
"Murder" Babchenko
SBU showed the detention of the organizer of "murder"
The plot of"Murder" Babchenko was the operation of the SBU. The main thing
Babchenko and his family will provide round the clock security
"Murder" Babchenko: details became known
The Russian foreign Ministry about the "resurrected" Babchenko: the Best news
Posted in Economics, Main news, Politics
← The US imposed additional sanctions against Ukrainian airlines
SBU showed the detention of the organizer of "murder" →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
https://deloitte.wsj.com/articles/align-strategy-creative-for-effective-advertising-1510722134
Align Strategy, Creative for Effective Advertising
Many of the best marketing campaigns use deep insights to drive big ideas, but syncing strategy and creative isn't always easy. Heat's New York chief creative and lead strategist discuss how they partner across disciplines to drive meaningful change for clients.
Evan Slater and Maggie Gross
It doesn't matter how clever, funny, novel, or award-winning ad creative is; if it doesn't help brands achieve their business objectives, it's likely a waste of time and budget. That's the common sense credo that guides Heat New York's Evan Slater, chief creative, and Maggie Gross, head of strategy, as they develop multichannel campaigns for the agency's clients.
To ensure the agency's creative output delivers against clients' strategic goals, Slater and Gross collaborate as closely as a traditional copywriter-art director team would. The two sit across from one another at a shared desk, discussing, deliberating, and iterating concepts from the earliest stages of the creative process. "If we approach creative and strategy in a more integrated way, it enables us to develop campaigns that have a more meaningful impact on business outcomes—that aren't just creative for creative's sake," Slater says.
In this Q&A, Slater and Gross discuss their approach to client work, how their teams collaborate, and what skills today's creatives and strategists need.
How are brands and their agencies approaching marketing creative today? Where is there room for improvement?
Slater: Consumers are inundated with content and messaging of all kinds, and it's increasingly difficult to be heard above the din. In this environment, it's critical for marketers to understand how to reach consumers in a more powerful way at the exact moment they are most open to hearing from a brand. Yet, as marketers, we continue to approach creative and its delivery in a very myopic way, thinking only in terms of media channels—TV, print, radio, online, and the occasional event or experience. Many of the conventions by which the industry still abides are antiquated; a 15- or 30-second TV spot isn't the only solution. These forms of communication absolutely are still vital, but they may not be the answer to every marketing question.
We strive to think about creative more broadly, understanding what's important to a company—whether it's immediate sales, brand equity, or some other objective—and identifying the right channels accordingly. When we think more strategically and creatively about larger business goals, we see much broader opportunities to connect with customers. There are many parts of any business—the call center, product packaging, logistics, front-line employees—that ultimately affect the brand and the way the customer experiences it. By putting strategy at the core of everything we do, we can identify new, more effective, less expected places to reach people. We can then apply creative resources to those areas—in addition to campaigns in other media channels—to reach consumers in a more integrated, meaningful way.
What is your approach to the creative process? How do you make it more strategic?
Gross: We start by discussing business problems, not channel problems. Clients often approach agencies with a channel brief—a request to create a TV commercial or a social campaign, for example. We'd much rather have a conversation about the broader business needs, because that often leads us to suggest a different channel or method that ultimately can be more effective.
From there, we take a very collaborative approach. At many agencies, the strategy team will work on a brief and then hand it off to the creative team, which works on it before presenting it to the client. There are variations on that process, but too often the handoffs between disciplines result in a disconnect between the business need and the creative output.
How do you avoid that disconnect?
Slater: We're in constant communication throughout the entire process. We work together to discuss data insights that could feed creative strategies. There's no big reveal, where Maggie and her team present their vision to my team or vice versa. This doesn't mean we've merged the disciplines; our strategists and creatives still have specific responsibilities and are specialists in what they do. But they work together with a unified goal in mind—solving that business problem. Business insights are part of the creative; there's no divide where one starts and the other one ends.
When hiring, what skills and experience are you seeking?
Gross: For strategists, we look for people who have a solid understanding of quantitative data and can generate ideas based on it. That's mandatory, because an idea that's not rooted in data is just a hope. For more experienced hires, we look for candidates who understand how to use analytical techniques such as regression analysis.
As for previous experience, we want candidates who have worked in brand, digital, or communications strategy. The more of those boxes they can check, the better. Those might be high expectations, but we've found that strategists are happier when their ideas can have a broader impact because they're relevant across channels.
Slater: We look for creatives with expertise in more than one channel, and with tonal range—people who can create work that is funny, heartfelt, inspiring, or whatever the brief requires. We want people who are willing to figure out new processes and who understand that every time they get a client brief, the answer may be different.
With your teams working in such close partnership, are there ever disagreements?
Gross: All the time—but that push-pull makes the work stronger and ensures it delivers on the client's objectives. If a strategy isn't broad enough to give the creative team the leeway it needs, the team lets us know. And if a creative's idea isn't based on the insights we've determined will drive the client's business, we work through it. Collaborating so closely allows us to discover new opportunities as part of the creative process. We validate ideas as we go, rather than using the original brief as a creative guillotine. Effective advertising is equal parts data-driven insights and inspired ideas—having an ongoing partnership between a strategist who's thinking about the business and a creative who's in lockstep.
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text:
On December 2, 2017, I lost my beloved husband of 70 years. John was 94. He spent his final months with hospice care here in our apartment.
In a snowstorm a week after his death, an overflow crowd of friends and family gathered at our church, St. John the Evangelist in Hingham, Massachusetts, for his funeral. Before the congregation went forward for the Eucharist (Communion, Lord's Table) our granddaughter, Kerlin Richter, an Episcopal priest from Portland, Oregon, had this to say…
I have been asked this afternoon to do an impossible thing. I have been asked to say a few words about my grandfather, the man I called Papa John. A thousand words come to mind just with those two words. Everyone here has a thousand stories about him. They will tell you of his boundless curiosity, and his nearly pathological outgoing-ness, his ability to meet strangers and within seconds become friends. Papa John was able to see people with a clarity and compassion that was nothing short of holy.
As frequent as the people stories are the food stories, the meal preparation stories, the restaurant enthusiasms. He cooked and ate the way he saw people, eagerly and with his whole heart.
In his final years he became fascinated with the Eucharist, that place where prayer and dinner intersect. The Jesus we love was as fond of eating with friends as Papa John was. One day, during one of our "feet up" chats over the phone, I shared with him my favorite Eucharistic theology which I learned from an old Lakota priest one summer in South Dakota. Fr. Noisy Hawk said that the Eucharist is one eternal moment. The bread is only ever broken once. The cup is lifted up once. And every time we do this we are in that one moment. And there at the table with us in that moment is everyone who has ever held out their hands reaching for a taste of love.
Now again I am heading to that table. For a mystical feast where my grandfather and I and all of us here will eat together. Where we already are eating together as we always have been and always will be. And by the light of the love of God, we will see each other.
And so the last of my "few words" will be just these: "I miss you. I love you. I will see you in a few minutes at the table."
Below, the text of John's story as recently published and copyrighted 2014 by Guideposts Magazine. All rights reserved.
This Returning Vet came home 70 years ago. For the first time, with this story, he talks about his World War II experiences.
"Take cover!" The mortars began exploding seconds after the sergeant's shout. Thunderclaps straight overhead. I ran with the rest of the platoon. Nearest foxhole -- that was the order in a mortar attack. We'd dug some 30 of these little slit trenches earlier in the day but in the near-dark,
shrapnel blasting everywhere, they were hard to spot. I saw one and dove for it, arms flailing. There was a cry of pain.
"John! John, wake up!"`
I blinked in the sudden glare of the lamp at our bedside. My wife Tib was clutching her ear. "You hit me!"
I stared at her, at the dresser, the wallpaper.
"Was it the same dream?" she said,
I nodded, part of me still back on that hillside in Italy.
"Can you talk about it?"
I shook my head. WWII was long over and yet, I thought, as I made a cold compress for Tib's scarlet ear, the guilt over that night was as sharp as ever.
Actually, the guilt began before I reached Italy. I hadn't waited for the draft. If you volunteered for the Army out of college, the promotional flyer went, you'd be sent to officers' training. But I'd barely signed the enlistment papers before orders changed. Soon I found myself on a sooty, jam-packed troop train headed for basic training in the 110-degree heat of Camp Wolters, Texas. Three months later, with hundreds of other newly-graduated privates, I disembarked from a troop ship in Algeria, assigned to the Repple Depple in Oran.
Repple Depple?
Army slang, someone explained, for Replacement Depot. "Guess we're headed for Italy." Back in Texas we'd watched news reels of the amphibious landings on the Italian coast. These were "great victories," of course, as were all reported battles in 1943, but apparently the successes had been bought at a staggering cost in lives. Replacements for these lost men, I realized, that's what we green, hastily-trained kids were. I began the slow trek up the boot of Italy walking in dead men's shoes.
At first we traveled in open trucks, strangers, facing each other with our M1 rifles between our legs. During basic training, and on the troop ship, I'd made friends, but we were separated, split up, assigned to fill out the ranks of decimated units. In front of me were battle-toughened soldiers returning to the front from rest-and-recuperation leave.
As we got closer to the combat zone, it was out of the truck and onto paths with 30-lb-plus packs on our backs. At the end of a day we'd bivouac in an open field or an abandoned farm, once outside a deserted, still smoking village. Occasionally we passed bodies. A German soldier stripped of coat and shoes. A blue-clad old man beside a dead donkey.
We seldom knew where we were. With road signs removed and town names painted over, we knew only that we were in rocky hill country somewhere south of Rome, and that the sound of artillery fire was getting closer. One morning our lieutenant assigned four of us to a reconnaissance patrol. An hour later we rounded a boulder and almost bumped into a Panzer. As the tank's turret swung toward us we discovered undreamed-of skills of dodge-and-evade.
Foxholes became harder to dig as the paths became steeper, the ground stonier. "Keep digging, soldier!" the sergeant would bellow each time I slowed down. Once in a while one of the veterans would offer a bit of advice. "Never go into a field where you see onions. Jerry mines those." "Mortar attack," another old-timer advised as our shovels hacked at the scrabble on a hillside, "that's the worst." They were timed to explode at head-height, he explained, jagged shards of hot metal flying in every direction. "That's when you'll need a hole – any hole -- in a hurry."
A hole! Any hole! It was the only thought in my head, the night the mortars hit. The night that would replay in my dreams forever after. With shrapnel thudding all around, I dove into the first foxhole I saw and flattened myself against the stones, jamming my fingers in my ears against the roar of what seemed one endless explosion.
Next instant the breath was knocked out of me as something landed on my back. The weight crushed me against the earth, rocks stabbing my chest.
It was a second before I realized that another soldier had dived into the foxhole on top of me. I struggled to breathe, spitting dirt from my mouth, as we cowered together in that shallow pit with the sky exploding above us.
Then there was a scream. "I'm hit! O God!"
The body above me was jerking. "O my God!" he screamed again. "O God!" Something wet and warm was soaking into the back of my shirt. The boy above me stopped shouting. My shirt got wetter.
It was a million years before the shelling stopped. The body pressing on mine didn't move. I tried shouting "Medic!" and got a mouthful of dirt. For a long time it was totally dark. No movement, no sound above me. Then on the rim of the foxhole I saw moving lights, flashlighted medics coming close.
The weight on me lifted. A voice. "Are you hurt bad, soldier?"
"I'm okay," I managed to get out. "The other guy. He was hit."
"We got him. He didn't make it." I felt my shirt pulled up, fingers probing, voices conferring. "Looks like it's the other guy's blood."
The other guy's blood… The guy who took a hunk of shrapnel instead of me. By the time I got to my knees and looked around in the bobbing lights, they'd taken him away. I never saw his face, never knew his name. But since that night he's never left my side.
There were other deaths. Three times -- perhaps because I could type -- I was asked to inventory the gear of some guy who was going home in a coffin. With every form I filled in, the question grew more acute. Why him? Why not me?
The closest I came to dying myself was not enemy fire but illness.
One day, instead of moving forward, we were herded into a field hospital for hypodermic shots. "What's it for?" I asked. "Roll up your sleeve, soldier." Two days later I was running a fever. In tents all around men were moaning and vomiting. It seemed our entire company was sick – high fever, chills, headache, eyes and skin strangely yellow. The deadly outbreak of hepatitis was eventually traced to a contaminated batch of Yellow Fever vaccine, given in anticipation of the European war ending and transfer to the Pacific.
They ambulanced us to the U.S. military hospital just outside Naples. And there again I watched others die. The guy on the cot next to mine. Another two cots away. Every morning, empty cots. Why them and not me?
It's a question asked by combat veterans after every war. It even has a name. Survivor Guilt. Some ex-soldiers handle it by grouping together for support with other vets. Some handle it through their faith, but at that point I had none. I dealt with survivor guilt by clamming up. Willing none of it to have happened. Refusing to talk because that would make it real.
It doesn't work, of course, silence. No one guessed my secret turmoil because in most ways my life was rich and full. Tib and I had a great marriage, children and grandchildren, rewarding jobs at Guideposts where we met hundreds of inspiring people and helped them tell their stories. In time we found our own church home; faith became the center of our lives.
And even with all this, the nightmare kept recurring. And with it, the question that haunts veterans of every war. Why not me? Every wedding Tib and I attended. Every baptism at our church. Every time I held a grandchild in my arms. The boy in my foxhole never held a grandchild.
One day in the spring of 1989 when Tib and I were on living in Normandy, our daughter, her husband and their 10-month-old came to visit. Our son-in-law was eager to visit the American Cemetery, so the four of us walked, little Jeffrey on his daddy's back, along those long, long rows of white crosses and Stars of David stretching out of sight. The others went ahead, but I stopped before grave marker after grave marker: 1923-1945, 1923-1945, 1923-1945… Again and again, my birth year over the body of a 22-year-old who could have been – should have been? – me.
Twenty-five years later, when Guideposts asked me if I had anything to say to today's returning soldiers, I discovered to my surprise that I did in fact have something to say to all of us who come home with memories we cannot talk about. Because we have another kind of secret, too. We have a window into the unspoken pain of others.
A simple example occurred back there in the American Cemetery. A few rows away I noticed a man, maybe in his mid-40s, standing alone like me, staring at a grave marker. I strolled over to him, asked him for the time, and we started chatting. Suddenly he began to cry. "I never knew my dad," he said. At once our conversation became personal. But from the start, with my question about the time, I was praying. Not with words but with caring and listening. We kept in touch for years.
Ever since the war it's as if I had a second set of eyes. I can spot a lonely person a mile away. Someone grieving at a grave site is obvious, but I can see through the heartiest, most glad-handed, all-smiles guy or gal in the room. When I'm granted this kind of vision, I wait, and if God opens a door, I step through. It's led to some amazing, always private, friendships over the years.
That's what I have to say to today's returning vets: we have work to do. And the wonder, for us war-scarred types, is that it happens not in spite of the pain, but because of it.
Dana's Cold Shower
This was the scene in our garden yesterday as our son-in-law, Dana Kintigh, dumped a big bucket of ice on his head. It was an especially meaningful contribution to the ALS drive, we all felt, as Dana's first wife died of this disease. He and our daughter Liz were married in March two years ago.
A small tragedy unfolded yesterday, literally at my feet. I was sitting on a bench outside our apartment building when somewhere overhead I heard a resounding bang. A second later, a mourning dove thudded onto the grass two feet in front of me. Lovely gray wings limp, small neat head twisted to the side, eyes closed – obviously it had struck a window in one of the units above.
I was staring at the motionless bird when with a rush of wings a second dove alighted beside it. I sat still, scarcely breathing, as the second bird pressed itself tight against the other and began a frenzied pecking at the ground. Tap, tap, tap with its sharp little beak. Get up! it seemed to be saying. Why don't you move!
Meeting Taylor!
Our "Sixty and Ninety" celebration had a wonderful sequel when John and I continued south to meet our first great-granddaughter. This is Taylor Ann on the Hootens' Christmas card, but...
when we met Taylor in August, she was just 8 weeks.
Sixty and Ninety
Our son Donn is exactly 30 years younger than John. Well, almost exactly: John's birthday is August 2, Donn's, August 1. (I tried to hold onto the baby one more day, but babies keep their own calendars.) The two usually celebrate together -- but 2013 was a special milestone.
The "cake" is always watermelon!
A Priest in the Family
Last month John and I were in Garden City, Long Island, for the ordination of our granddaughter Kerlin to the Episcopal priesthood. With us were Kerlin's father and brother,who flew from Nashville to Boston so the four of us could take the train down to New York (no passenger trains where they live.)
"Magnificent" hardly does justice to the splendor of the ceremony at the cathedral. Next day there was a much smaller but equally meaningful service: Kerlin's first Eucharist as priest. Unlike a deacon, her previous status, a priest can consecrate the bread and wine, perform the other sacraments, and pronounce blessing.
Kerlin outside "Bushwick Abbey," on December 8, her first Sunday as priest. The "Abbey" has no permanent home ("The church is the people, not the building," Kerlin reminded us) and its present venue is a radio station. "We want to serve people who might not enter a traditional church building."
Shopping in Small-Town France
Shopping in France, outside the large cities, is an art apart. The unwritten motto of the small-town shopkeeper is, "I won't sell it," and of his customer, "I don't want it." On our first stay in a country town, years ago, John and I went at it all wrong. We needed stationery, and sure enough, on a shop window on the main street was printed in large letters:
Marchand de Papier
The sign, we soon learned, meant nothing. The fact that a man has set himself up as a paper merchant, acquired a supply of merchandise, and hung out a shingle to that effect, is no indication that this same man is interested in selling paper. On the contrary, he is simply a devoted paper fancier. He has founded his shop the way another man might found a bird sanctuary, as a kind of paper haven where large quantities of it are safe from the consumer.
"What do you want for your 90th birthday?"
John had his answer ready: "A kitchen island!"
I might have known it would be some accessory for his hobby and passion: cooking. (A passion he didn't develop, to my sorrow, until our three children had grown up.) A kitchen island would be extra counter space for slicing, chopping, stirring...
We went shopping and came back rejoicing from Bed, Bath & Beyond with a large box stamped in bold letters: EASY TO ASSEMBLE.
John unpacked the box in the kitchen.
By the time he'd read the 16 pages of directions, it was too late to start dinner. Anyway, there was no room in the kitchen.
We went to nearby Nino's.
Getting to Know Charles
We're back in France, where we've had another experience that makes it fun to travel without a plan. As so often, we headed for a particular dot on our road map because we were intrigued by the name: Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises (Colombey-the-Two-Churches.)
The town, when we reached it, looked hardly big enough to support one church, let alone two. But it had a little hotel with flowers in the window boxes. When we'd carried in our bags we got back in the car and went to find the two churches. One Catholic, one Evangelical? we'd wondered.


Canon PIXMA MG3022 Setup Wireless Printer, IJ Start Setup Software, User Manual Install Instructions, Scanner Driver Download For Mac, Windows – IJ Scan Network Canon PIXMA MG3022 Wireless Inkjet All-In-One Printer incorporates the simplicity of cloud link with the premium quality image as well as document printing, all in a spending plan pleasant package. PIXMA Cloud Link enables you to get in contact with cloud choices like Dropbox in addition to Evernote with your creative gadget or tablet computer, providing you ease of accessibility to an also far much better variety of print options1. Its hybrid ink system incorporates shade ink for great colors along with black pigment ink for the sharp message, which creates incredible top quality along with details in both your photos and documents with an ideal print color resolution of 4800 x 600 dpi2 making use of FINe priNT head modern-day technology. It similarly offers incorporated Wi-Fi, so you might priNT wirelessly anywhere as long as your gadget is linked to the very same local cordless network as your printer.
The Canon PIXMA MG3022 Driver Download a budget friendly cordless printer for all your house printing, scanning as well as copying requirements. With variants functions such as the Canon PRINT app1, the PIXMA MG3022 makes it simple to print fantastic looking images along with data wirelessly2 from your cell phone or tablet computer. It could additionally sustain optional XL ink cartridges – so you could replace ink much less frequently. Canon PIXMA MG3022 take care of Easy-PhotoPrint+, an application that enables modifying as well as improving as well as printing right from your tablet computer system or smartphone. It features a selection of layouts along with printing choices, and also as it is on-line, you might always have access to one of one of the most updated variant of the application. Print high-quality documents and pictures from your computer, smartphone, or tablet with the Canon PIXMA MG3022 Wireless All-in-One Photo Printer. The hybrid ink system allows for vivid images and sharp text, ensuring every print is consistent.
Connect wirelessly to the printer and print directly from sources such as DropBox, Gmail, and more without having to be in the same room as the printer! The Auto Power feature automatically turns the printer on when you send a print job, and you can put it in Quiet Mode to reduce the amount of noise made. Canon PIXMA MG3022 also features My Photo Garden14 software application that permits you rapidly access to each of your much-loved memories in one area. So you might priNT pictures to share as well as appreciate, as well as Complete HD Film Print6, which transforms your recommended HD film clips tape-recorded with your Canon EOS Digital SLRs, PowerShot electronic video cameras or VIXIA electronic video cameras into attractive prints in one, useful software program application. Furthermore, you'll have accessibility to CREATIVE PARK PREMIUM where you could download along with set up different imaginative tasks along with internet material.
PG-243 PGBK 5.6 ml, CL-244 Color 6.2 ml.
Use the arrow keys to select Drive Settings and press OK.
Select LAN Settings and press OK.
Choose Wireless LAN Setup and press OK.
If a WPS prompt appears, press the STOP button.
Select Standard Setup and press OK.
Select your Access Point and press OK.
When entering the passphrase, use the Tone or Star (*) key to change character models.
Once this has been done, insert the CD for the unit into your Windows or Mac OSX computer and perform the installation.
Some people said that installing Canon PIXMA driver on their computer is easier than installing the driver on their laptop. If you are also thinking about the same thing, then you might want to start with these simple steps to install and uninstall the Canon PIXMA MG3022 driver into your laptop.
pick some options such as the components, the installation locations, your name, and some other things.
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After that, you need to click on the uninstall option that you can find after you click on the Canon PIXMA driver program.
The next thing that you need to do is waiting for few minutes for the program to be finished.
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The first step, turn on all of your devices, in this case, are the computer and the Canon PIXMA MG3022 printer.
Connect the USB cable of Canon PIXMA MG3022 from the printer to the computer.
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They may be timeless, but this season classics like the ponytail, the red lip, and even the French manicure seemed radically transformed. The result? A new look of modernity. Here, we collected the best standout moments from the New York, London, Milan, and Paris ready-to-wear shows. You can wait until next year to try them out. But with ideas that are this evolutionary, we suspect you will want to start wearing them now.
The latest interpretations of the ponytail were super sleek, super shiny, and always falling from the area below the nape of the neck. Even at Vera Wang, a higher ponytail received the newest styling, being coiled into a sculptural loop before threading through a headband and forming its length down the back.
Braids weren't as big a story as they have been in the past few seasons. But they didn't vanish entirely. Our favorite interpretations? Coiled about the head to create a look fit for a queen.
Even with the season's cutting-edge take on beauty, there was still room for romance. Sweet blossoms embellished updos, braids, and ponytails from New York to Milan.
Hairstylists often chose sides for spring, forming a deep part that hovered where the eyebrow tapers. The resulting bangs were swept over the forehead, sometimes with polished precision, as at Dries Van Noten, and sometimes with a wet-look windblown effect, as at 3.1 Phillip Lim.
This spring, the beach babe made way for her rock-and-roll sibling. Gone from the runways were the bombshell après-surf curls and in their place were lived-in waves that were so matte they appeared to have been untouched for days. Forget "I'm with the band." With this look, the vibe is more "I'm in the band."
The runways continued to make a case for just how cutting-edge minimal beauty can be—and there might be logic to support the claim. During the fall 2013 shows, when we began seeing the bare complexion, makeup artist James Kaliardos said he imagined it would be the way women looked in the future. At that time, he added, our society would be so advanced that we would have all the know-how and technology needed at our fingertips to look our best without the extra embellishment cosmetics provided.
Why settle for a cat eye when you can play the part of a lioness? While gorgeous takes on this retro look appeared at Derek Lam, Roksanda Ilincic, and Anthony Vaccarello, we suspect the full-on kohl-rimmed lashes that we saw at Jill Stuart, Hache, Blugirl, Missoni, Versace, Just Cavalli, Stella McCartney, and Saint Laurent will be what women will really want to pounce on come spring.
When it came to shadow treatments for spring, beauty rocketed into the space age. It's never a surprise to see bright white spring clothing. But bright white spring lids? The saturated, matte, and graphic bands of the color set against bare lashes were out of this world indeed.
Pastel hues also sprung up on the runways. Garden-ready lavenders, baby blues, turquoises, greens, and yellows dressed up eyes at Delpozo, Costello Tagliapietra, and Marc Jacobs. Our favorite takes on the trend treated the color as a wash, softly diffusing it to line or accent the area. The result left any association these shades have with the '70s far behind.
It wasn't the first time we saw intense orange lips at the shows. The look nevertheless continued to make a statement, providing a fluorescent pop of color that perfectly complemented the sporty clothes with which they were paired.
Sometimes it's not necessary to polish something up to make it seem new. When it came to the red lip, in fact, makeup artists took the opposite approach to updating this classic look. Saturated pigment that was shine-free was applied precisely and in a way that made it seem to lift off every pretty face that wore it.
The French manicure dabbled in the dark arts on the spring catwalks. The look that typically combines a nail polished in a pale paint and capped off with a bright white tip appeared instead in versions that incorporated black. At Nicholas K, the manicurist topped off a matte ebony nail with a shiny ebony stripe, while at Kenzo a black-and-white nail design in a French layout was entirely bewitching. But the looks that truly cast a spell on us replaced the bright white tip with a swipe of jet polish, positioned off to the side of the nail or framing it.
While black and navy manicures appeared on many runways, clear, pale pink, and white looks offered a lighter alternative. Our favorite versions took it up a notch with a metallic accent. A shimmering three-dimensional half-moon nail design at Honor showed a feminine take on the trend, while the pointed tips bisected by a silver band at Cushnie et Ochs were nothing short of cutting-edge.


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Jeffords and Congressional Colleagues Call for Reinstatement of Superfund Fees
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Senator James Jeffords, (I-VT) and Congressional colleagues held a rally on Capitol Hill today to call on Congress to support a bill that would reinstate the Superfund fees that expired today. Jeffords appeared with U.S. Senators Barbara Boxer (D-CA), Hillary Clinton (D-NY), Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), Jon Corzine (D-NJ) and U.S. Representative Hilda Solis (D-CA). "The Superfund Trust Fund is essential to prevent hazardous chemicals from running into our streams, blowing into our schoolyards, and contaminating our groundwater and drinking water. Yet this Administration refuses to hold corporate polluters accountable, and taxpayers - instead of these polluters - will be forced to pay $1.3 billion to clean up after them," said Jeffords. "If the Bush Administration won't hold polluters accountable, we will hold the Administration accountable," he continued. Superfund was started more than twenty years ago as a solution to cleaning up heavily polluted sites. The fund's principle sources of revenue were excise taxes on petroleum and a corporate environmental income tax. But since the fee collecting authority expired at the end of 1995, the taxpayer has slowly been picking up a larger and larger share until today, which marks the beginning of the taxpayer picking up the entire tab. There are over 70 million people who live within four miles of a Superfund site.
Permalink: https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2003/10/post-4b770f0c-c8d6-4664-b941-7cad296aa195


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Home> Publications & Directories> Perspectives on History> Issues> March 2014> From the Executive Director> The Zero-Sum Rhetoric of Higher Ed Reform
The Zero-Sum Rhetoric of Higher Ed Reform
James Grossman | Mar 1, 2014
President Obama ignited a small firestorm in certain quarters last month when he told an audience that "folks can make a lot more potentially with skilled manufacturing or the trades than they might with an art history degree." The issue is not whether he was actually right or wrong about dollars and cents. That's a calculation with too many variables, too many contingencies, and too many ways of parsing the president's conditional verbs. Nor is the controversy necessarily over what he meant (one might recall the press secretary to Mayor Daley the elder and his plea to the press to print what his boss meant, rather than what he said): Obama's intention was to promote vocational education and job training as part of the administration's campaign to expand the constituency for higher education broadly conceived. Indeed, the initial critical response by my colleagues in art history included an endorsement of that agenda. The problem lies in a rhetorical strategy that denigrates one field of study in order to promote the legitimacy of another.
And therein lies an important lesson. Many advocates of the humanities, and even liberal education broadly defined, are guilty of the same offense—just in reverse. In response to arguments that humanities education merits scarce resources in part because immersion in the humanities prepares students for a wide variety of careers, some humanists consider the very premise of utility as antithetical to the values of humanistic thinking. Writing in the Washington Post, a literary scholar labels such defenses of the humanities "dead wrong" because we humanists ought to teach our students to question the very notion of "success," rather than preparing them for it.
The fallacy lies in the dichotomy. Promoting the value of vocationally oriented education of any kind—including preparation for manufacturing and other occupations that do not require a four-year degree—does not benefit from an implication that a very different approach to learning prepares students for very little. President Obama knows the value of learning in the humanities. He knows that a liberal education with any rigorous major and exposure to a range of other disciplines prepares a student for a cornucopia of careers—not jobs, but careers. The American economy needs both: individuals learning skills for a job that they can do immediately at a reasonable level of compensation; and individuals learning how to learn, even if at the time they haven't the foggiest notion of how that learning might translate into employment. In the best of all possible worlds, all young people would have access to a broad education, and the president's "access agenda" has the potential to move us toward that goal. But many people don't have time to wait, or they already have jobs that can be enhanced quickly and easily by workplace-oriented learning. It makes sense to allocate public resources and the president's bully pulpit to that education as well. What does not make sense is to belittle forms of knowledge whose value is less immediately utilitarian.
That said, our side of the bargain ought to include a willingness to include occupational and economic implications of educational priorities at both the societal and individual levels. A consideration of career outcomes and their role in discussions of liberal education does not necessarily diminish the value of the humanities as a form of questioning and preparation for informed citizenship. Defending the value of a humanities education has stirred a debate within our disciplines as to the appropriate terrain of advocacy. Is the defense of the humanities as preparation for a career a capitulation to economism, careerism, vocationalism, and instrumentalism—notions that are intrinsically contradictory to humanistic values? Is our proper role to teach students to interrogate the values underlying conventional notions of success instead of preparing them for "successful" careers and helping them articulate what they have learned in ways that help them find work?
It's the "instead" that I find troubling, just as I would if the president were indeed implying "instead" when he spoke at that factory in Waukesha, Wisconsin. To stimulate a student to question conventional wisdom about success, or anything else, does not stand contrary to preparation for a career. Indeed, liberal education regardless of major ought to include sufficient humanities content so that every student is indeed pushed to ask such questions. College ought to be a place where students are encouraged to question values, ideologies, and anything else that matters. Students should indeed interrogate the nature and implications of the concept of success. And the concept of social justice. And the concept of freedom. Historians, for example, help students understand how these and other ideas central to human culture are socially constructed, contingent, and understood only in context. Does such understanding make someone a better business leader? Yes. A better lawyer? Yes. A more responsible and informed citizen? Yes. A more thoughtful participant in family and community life? Yes. One could easily go on almost endlessly.
The point is that a defense of the humanities in higher education has no more business denigrating a career orientation than the promotion of workplace training and vocational education has denigrating a humanities discipline. To value one aspect of learning ought not to require a devaluating of another aspect.
Why does this matter? It matters because Obama's comment has a historical context. It reminds us of John McCain's references to the uselessness of his daughter's art history major during the 2008 presidential campaign. Even more ominously, it recalls Florida governor Rick Scott's argument that public university students majoring in the humanities ought to pay higher tuition because their lower salaries upon graduation demonstrate their lower value to society. Next to Scott, and others who have followed in his wake, Obama's comments seem almost benign.
But they matter for a reason beyond symbolism. The Department of Education is devising a system for rating colleges and universities, and it is possible that real money—in the form of student loans and grants—might be tied to these ratings. It remains unclear whether the ratings will include the salaries of graduates as part of the rating algorithm. But when the president—even half jokingly—casts different disciplines and types of postsecondary learning purely in terms of where "folks can make a lot more," he is sending a signal to policy makers within the Department of Education. A ratings system that takes salary into account in evaluating the value of an education brings with it an assumption that an investment banker is more valuable to society than an elementary school teacher; an airline pilot more valuable than a clergyman; an accountant more valuable than a social worker.
This would be a mistake—just as it would be a mistake to defend the value of the humanities without taking into account both the importance of earning a living and the importance of personal growth and acquisition of the critical thinking skills essential to informed citizenship. Policy makers should avoid the temptation to equate learning with earning; and humanists should be willing to engage stakeholders outside the academy on that terrain of earning. After all, we do argue that humanities education recognizes the importance of effective communication with a range of audiences—including taking seriously one's choice of rhetorical strategies.
James Grossman is the executive director of the AHA.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Attribution must provide author name, article title, Perspectives on History, date of publication, and a link to this page.
Tags: From the Executive Director History News AHA Leadership Employment & Careers Graduate Education


Custom territories are gaining increasing popularity among other maps for Minecraft PE. This time you can visit and settle on a small sandy island located in the middle of the ocean. It is tiny compared to the mainland and places a small mountain where one can dig a mine or build a house inside, and also there are growing trees.
It is difficult to call it a forest because there are not many trees but you will have enough wood to craft everything you need including tools, furniture or a wooden mansion.


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tina turner rolling
Lyrics to 'Proud Mary' by Tina Turner. Yet her "Total Control" snarl sums up an artist who bet it all on her defiance of male authority. The Ritz gig led straight to Private Dancer, and after that she'd never be unfamous again. Her life just hit Broadway as the musical Tina. This voice rasping, "What's love got to do, got to do with it" — a grandma? Tina Turner (Photo credit: Bang Media) Tina Turner … Send us a tip using our anonymous form. Nobody else could have done "Private Dancer," her heart-wrenching ballad of an aging sex worker. Wow. The performance of I've Been Loving You Too Long was included in the concert movie Gimme Shelter in 1970 and the complete performance of their opening set was released on the anniversary edition of the album Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! We have an official Proud Mary tab made by UG professional guitarists. Well, what the hell: These kooky kids took her seriously, which was a nice change, so she went along with it. 588,463 views, added to favorites 12,698 times. They wanted a little soul? Black, female, pushing 40? : 50th Anniversary Tour" - one of the largest ticket-sales tours of that year. For their rendition, Ike & Tina Turner won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group in 1972. Turner may not be singing much these days, but there's a squad of Tinas performing around the world on her behalf. "Mick was a friend of Phil Spector," says Tina. Not many stars make it to 80 years — but nobody's gotten there with a journey quite like hers, "As I'm about to turn 80, I'd like to think I've become wise in some ways," Tina Turner just told Rolling Stone. By rolling | December 7, 2020 | 0 . When he came to NYC, the Capitol bosses wanted to wine him and dine him and celebrate the filthy fortune they were all about to make. After the split from Ike, Tina worked on her solo career with her manager Roger Davies and covered many of their songs in her concerts. To her, it was just another second-hand emotion. "Tonight" is objectively terrible, and I love every second of it. We thank you for coming to see us tonight and hope you enjoy yourselves, 'cos that's the general idea. Janis Joplin joined the Turners at one of the Madison Square Garden shows. Since Tina couldn't get the time of day back home, she was amazed to learn there was a young generation of U.K. aesthetes who didn't see her as a has-been — they looked up to her, and knew her records better than she did. Sign up for our newsletter. Both CCR and Ike & Tina Turner's versions of the song received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards, in 1998 and 2003, respectively. So on her birthday, let us raise a toast — how about a hotel basement's worth of Jack and Dom P? But she found a bizarre new life, among the New Wave kids. Tina Turner wrapped up her live career in 2009 at a show in Sheffield, England, ending the night with 1990's "Be Tender With Me Baby." No, thanks. But Bowie told them he had plans — he was seeing his favorite singer at the Ritz. Martyn Ware produced her next single, a cover of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together," the rock upon which Private Dancer was built. Main honchos Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh had a side hustle as B.E.F., or the British Electric Foundation. Three years later, The Stones asked Ike & Tina again to open their American tour in November 1969, which gave them a higher profile among young rock … Share the best GIFs now >>> We are all very excited about this tour, it's been nearly a year since our last tour of England and we have really missed it… We've tried to get together a great bill for this tour, and we know you'll enjoy the fantastic Ike and Tina Turner Revue, which we saw some time ago in the States. At first, after she escaped Ike, the music business gave up Tina for dead. Tina Turner is a star, and so is Adrienne Warren, who unleashes something volcanic from within herself while channeling the Queen of Rock & Roll. The review ended with one hell of a kicker: "Last year, I heard Tina Turner sing that awful Terry Jacks song 'Seasons in the Sun' on television, and she found something in it that broke her heart. No chance. a raw and righteous version of "A Change Is Gonna Come.". Ike & Tina were one of the opening acts for the Rolling Stones and Janis was watching them from the wings. Control " snarl sums up an artist who bet it all on her birthday, Let us raise a —... B E. Author Paul Ewok [ a ] 170 label his biggest hit in,... Stones had a great influence on Tina Turner has spent her 80 years walking it like she talked.... 80 years walking it like she talked it defy the bounds of her solo work was. General idea won a Grammy Award for best R & B Vocal Performance by a Group in.... 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tina turner rolling 2020


text:
[Florence Eldridge as Mrs. Antrobus and Fredric March as Mr. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Tallulah Bankhead as Sabina and Fredric March as Mr. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Fredric March as Mr. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Viola Frayne as Mrs. Antrobus and Conrad Nagel as Mr. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Conrad Nagel as Mr. Antrobus and Miriam Hopkins as Sabina in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Florence Eldridge as Mrs. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
[Frances Heflin as Gladys, Tallulah Bankhead as Sabina and Florence Eldridge as Mrs. Antrobus in "The Skin of Our Teeth".]
Accession number 68.3.98
Physical dimensions H: 8 in, W: 5 in
Fredric March (1897-1975)
Plymouth Theatre (New York, N.Y.)
The Skin of Our Teeth (Play)


In this page we present few reduced analyses for concrete Texas Hold'em hands that are representative for their categories. A poker hand is identified through a card configuration (community board and the own hole cards) and the number of the opponents at the moment of analysis. The analyses are reduced with respect to the relevance of their results for a probability-based strategy; that is, we provided those numerical results that weight the most within such a strategy toward making decisions. In providing the results, we followed the scheme that we used within the mathematical model of the strength of a hand, namely associating the probability of achieving a formation or type of formation for own hand by river with the probability of your opponents achieving something higher, in the assumption that you make that achievement. This scheme actually fills in the strength matrix of a hand, however in the reduced mode the matrix is completed only in its relevant parts, namely with the relevant probabilities. Each application is labeled through a general category where it belongs, in the field named General circumstances. This category describes in general terms the card configuration of the hand that represents it and one can continue to unfold it successively into several sub-categories, to more particular card configurations. Keep in mind that for identical card configurations, the probabilities for the own hand are the same, while the probabilities for the opponents' hands vary with the number of opponents (the higher this number, the higher these probabilities.
You can find a larger collection of such hand analyses in the book Texas Hold'em Poker Odds for Your Strategy, with Probability-Based Hand Analyses.
General circumstances (these refer to your own hand): Nothing achieved; straight or flush not possible by river.
At least two pairs is very likely to be achieved by your opponents, so we focus first on three of a kind for your own hand.
The probability of achieving trips is 0.555%, which is very low.
(2233x), (22QQx), (7733x), (77QQx), (JJ33x), (JJQQx), each with probability 0.832%. The probability of achieving two pairs is 4.995%.
You have about 6% probability of achieving two pairs or three of a kind, which is low.
Assuming two pairs achieved by river, let us see the odds of your opponents achieving something higher.
Assume (2233x) achieved, which makes the board (27J23) and (3Q). Let us take three of a kind. The only possible three of a kind for your opponents is (222xy), as other triples beside 2's would turn it into full house. The probability of (222xy) being achieved by at least one of your 5 opponents (if all remain in play by river) is 39.393%, which is high. To this probability, those for full house and four of a kind will add and therefore your opponents have an obvious advantage over you.
The same probabilities apply for any other specific two pair assumed achieved.
If the number of your opponents is 1 instead of 5, the probability they will achieve three of a kind (222xy) is only 8.686%, but also other odds will add in their favor from full house and four of a kind.
General circumstances: One pair achieved, with one paired card on the community board; straight or flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving three of a kind (555xy) is 8.325%.
The probability of achieving a full house is 2.496%.
The probability of achieving three of a kind or full house is about 11%, and the expected three of a kind is an inferior one.
Two pairs will have a better probability, but it is very likely that your opponents will beat it, once the community board will be paired (except for two pairs (AA55x), having the probability 11.655%).
The probability of achieving three of a kind, a full house or two pairs (AA55x) is 22.476%.
Assuming two pairs (AA55x) achieved by river, the probability that at least one opponent will achieve three of a kind is 40.633%, to which the odds for higher two pairs, for straight, flush, full house, and four of a kind will add in your opponents' favor for a higher achievement.
Assume now you will achieve a full house and let us see what are the probabilities that your opponents will achieve something higher.
- Assume (55588) achieved, which makes the board (58Q58) and (5A). The probability of your opponents achieving something higher (a higher full house or four of a kind) is about 49%.
- Assume (555QQ) achieved, which makes the board (58Q5Q) and (5A). The probability of your opponents achieving something higher is about 48%.
- Assume (555AA) achieved, which makes the board (58Q5A) and (5A). The probability of your opponents achieving something higher is 4.242%.
- Assume (88855) achieved, which makes the board (58Q88) and (5A). The probability of your opponents achieving something higher is about 97%.
- Assume (QQQ55) achieved, which makes the board (58QQQ) and (5A). The probability of your opponents achieving something higher is about 95%.
Overall, the probability that at least one opponent will achieve something higher if you achieve a full house by river is about 49%.
General circumstances: One pair achieved, with one paired card on the community board; three suited cards, with one of them on the community board; no two suited cards on the community board; straight not possible by river.
The probability of achieving three of a kind is 8.325%, full house has 2.496%, and flush has 4.162%.
Assuming the flush (of ♦) achieved by river, the probability that at least one opponent will achieve a flush (still of ♦, as the only one possible) is 7.075% and the probability for a higher flush (with A) is even lower.
General circumstances: A trip achieved; straight or flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving a full house is 28.583% and the probability of achieving four of a kind is 4.255%.
1) The community board completes with (Qx), x not being 4, Q, or 10.
The probability of your opponents achieving a full house is about 49%, of which about 31% corresponds to (QQQ44). To this, the probability of other full houses higher than yours (depending on x) and four of a kind (0.404%) add in your opponents' favor.
2) The community board completes with (10 x), x not being 4, Q, or 10.
The probability of your opponents achieving a full house is about 6%, of which the probability of a full house higher than yours is about 4% (depending on x); four of a kind is not possible.
3) The community board completes with (10 10).
The probability of your opponents achieving a full house is about 35%, of which 1.212% corresponds to a full house higher than yours; four of a kind is not possible.
4) The community board completes with (10 Q).
The probability of your opponents achieving a full house is about 40%, of which 31.627% corresponds to a full house higher than yours; four of a kind has the probability 0.404%. The probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your full house is about 31.6%.
5) The community board completes with a pair (yy), with y different from 4, Q, and 10.
The probability of your opponents achieving a full house is about 45%, of which the probability of a full house higher than yours could be of various values from 1% to 45%, depending on y; four of a kind has the probability 0.404%.
The case when the board completes with (QQ) was not examined, as the achieved (QQQ44) full house will show on the community board and the opponents will benefit of it and even beat it.
An overall probability of your opponents achieving something higher that your assumed full house over cases 1 through 5 is about 19%.
Assume now four of a kind achieved by river, hence the last 4 comes on the board.
The probability that your opponents will achieve four of a kind (which obviously will be higher than yours) is null if the board completes with a card different from Q and 0.404% otherwise, overall 0.026%.
General circumstances: Two pairs achieved, with unpaired community board; straight or flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving a full house is 15.817% and the probability of achieving four of a kind is 0.184%.
1) The board completes with 3 and a card different from 3, 7, and Q.
The probability of your opponents achieving a higher full house is between 3.5% – 6.6% (depending on the second card that completes the board). Four of a kind is not possible.
2) The board completes with 3 and 7.
The probability of your opponents achieving a higher full house is 4.545%. Four of a kind is not possible.
3) The board completes with 3 and Q.
The probability of your opponents achieving a higher full house is 38.571% and for four of a kind is 0.505%, so the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your full house is 39.076%.
Overall, the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your full house is about 7%.
Choosing 3 to come on the board for defining the three cases results in no loss of generality (3 and 7 has the same status in the given hand), and the probabilities are about the same if choosing 7 instead.
General circumstances: Nothing achieved; four cards from a straight; flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving the straight (34567) by river is 8.695%.
The probability is about 8.4%.
General circumstances: One pair achieved, with no paired community board; straight or flush not possible by river.
The best you can achieve is three of a kind (888xy), with probability 4.347%.
(389 10 8) and (58), the possible higher formations for your opponents are full house and straight (higher three of a kind turns into full house and flush is not possible, as the assumed river card (8) cannot be of ♦).
Overall, the probability that at least one opponent achieves something higher than your assumed three of kind formation is about 38%.
General circumstances: One pair achieved, with no paired community board; four suited cards, with two on them on the community board; straight not possible by river.
The probability of achieving a flush is 19.565% and the probability of achieving three of a kind is 4.347%, totaling 23.912%.
The probability of a higher flush (with K♥ or A♥) is about 7%.
The probability of a higher flush (with A♥) is 3.535%.
The probability of a higher flush is null.
Overall, the probability that at least one opponent will achieve a flush higher than your assumed flush is about 6%.
General circumstances: Trip achieved; straight or flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving a full house by river is 19.563%, of which 6.521% corresponds to the probability of hitting a 7 on river (the best scenario for your own hand). The probability of achieving four of a kind by river is 2.173%. In total, you have 21.736% probability of achieving full house or four of a kind.
Assuming a full house achieved with no 7 hit at river (take 8 hit, for instance), let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving a full house or four of a kind (the only possible formations higher than yours, since straight and flush are not possible for them, either). The board is (448A8) and (47).
The only possible four of a kind for your opponents is (8888x), with probability 0.202%.
The overall probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your assumed full house is about 17.7%.
Assuming four of a kind achieved by river by your own hand, the probability that your opponents will achieve something higher is null.
General circumstances: Set achieved; straight or flush not possible by river.
We have the same probabilities of achieving a full house (19.563%) and four of a kind (2.173%) as for hand 2.10, totaling 21.736%.
Assuming a full house achieved by river (take 6 for instance as the river card, meaning (44466) achieved), let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving a full house or four of a kind (the only possible formations higher than yours). The board is (456J6) and (44).
The only possible four of a kind for your opponents is (6666x), with probability 0.303%.
The overall probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your assumed full house is about 6.3%.
Again, assuming four of a kind achieved by river by your own hand, the probability that your opponents will achieve something higher is null.
General circumstances: Two pairs achieved, with no paired community board; straight or flush not possible by river.
The probability of achieving a full house (hitting 7 or J at river) is 8.694%, of which 4.347% corresponds to the probability of hitting J.
Assuming J hit (full house (JJJ77) achieved), let us the what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher. The board is (37JAJ) and (7J).
Four of a kind is not possible for your opponents.
The overall probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your assumed full house is about 3.5%.
General circumstances: One pair achieved, with community board not paired; maximum two suited cards and maximum two cards from a straight on the community board.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your (QQ) pair (a higher pair, two pairs, or three of a kind).
The overall probability that your opponents achieve something higher than your pair is about 20%.
General circumstances: Set achieved; three suited cards and three cards from a straight on the community board.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your set.
The probability of your opponents achieving a flush (of ♥) is 17.346%.
The overall probability that your opponents achieve something higher than your set is about 38%.
General circumstances: Trip achieved, with no other pair on the community board; three cards from a straight and maximum two suited cards and on the community board.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your trip.
The only possible straight for your opponents is (45678), with probability 4.800%.
The overall probability that your opponents achieve something higher than your trip is about 12%.
General circumstances: Two pairs achieved, with unpaired community board; three cards from a straight and maximum two suited cards and on the community board.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your two pairs.
The only possible straight for your opponents is (789 10 J), with probability 4.215%.
The overall probability that your opponents achieve something higher than your two pairs is about 40%.
General circumstances: Full house achieved, with no pocket pair and only one pair on the community board.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your full house.
The probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your full house is 2.828%.
General circumstances: Straight achieved, with unpaired community board; three cards from the straight and three suited cards on the community board, with no pocket cards of that suit.
Let us see what is the probability of your opponents achieving something higher than your straight.
The only possible higher straight for your opponents is (56789), with probability 7.152%.
Full house and four of a kind are not possible and the probability of a ♦-flush is 25.209%.
The overall probability that your opponents achieve something higher than your straight is about 30%.
You can find more such hand analyses in the book Texas Hold'em Poker Odds for Your Strategy, with Probability-Based Hand Analyses.
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