3. While it was unquestionably traumatic on a conscious level for those who were wounded and their families, and a tragedy for all who loved the persons who were killed, at soul level the participants willingly served to force attention on the inevitable results of increasingly vitriolic rhetoric in a society that has become inured to that kind of speech as well as violence. This pervasive conditioning had to be brought to the forefront of national, international, awareness so the outcry for an end to incivility and violence can change the collective consciousness of your civilization, which in large part has accepted that kind of behavior as an innate aspect of human nature.
4. That behavior is NOT an innate aspect of human nature—it is taught! The makeup of souls is pure light, which is the same as love, and it is the most powerful force in the universe. Violence, divisiveness and hatred are deliberately introduced through the many influences that impact life on Earth. And because whatever constitutes your collective consciousness is what creates your world, it is essential that those influences be brought to light so healing and unified spirit can be the legacy not only of the lives affected by the shooting in Tucson, but the lives of all souls who have helped to cleanse your world of darkness. Not punishment or revenge or retaliation will ever bring peace and harmony—only LOVE can end the illusion of separateness and let the innocence and purity of infants reenter hearts and minds.
5. Light beings throughout the universe honor the souls who agreed to be "victims" in Tucson. Those who died were lovingly, gratefully greeted in Nirvana, light is being intensely beamed to their grieving families and friends, and those who are recovering from wounds have angelic helpers assisting the medical teams. However, do not for a moment underestimate the relevancy and power of untold numbers of prayers and heartfelt sentiments in those respects!
6. US President Obama's memorial address was transmitted to us from Earth's monitors in Nirvana. We know the soul of this man, thus better than he knows himself, yet without his conscious awareness that he willingly left his spiritually advanced civilization to serve in the vanguard of the Golden Age master plan, his words on that memorial occasion were from his heart and soul in concert with all the heavenly hosts.
7. As much as we wish we could tell you that that assassination attempt is the last incident of its kind, we cannot know that—with Creator's exception of nuclear detonations in space, Its law of free will must be honored by God and all of His emissaries. What we do know is that the shooting's effects, the shock, horror and prayerful sentiments in its aftermath, have given the energy of reconciliation an enormous thrust forward. Although in the weeks and months ahead, other acts of violence will occur and warring and stubborn political partisanship will continue as the duality in humankind runs out its course, the energy momentum toward peaceful coexistence is far too strong to be derailed and the stage is set for the emergence of long-hidden truths. Regardless of individuals' choices to accept or reject these truths, the forthcoming revelations and ensuing changes will propel Earth into her era of love, peace and harmony.
10. To address other inquiries, it is completely understandable that you would like to have "forecasts": When the presence of extraterrestrial civilizations will be officially announced; when spacecrafts will land; when the economy will get straightened out and the new system running smoothly; when chemtrails and genetically altered foodstuffs will stop; when the truths about "9/11" and religions will be disclosed; when suppression of free energy sources and natural health therapies will end. Those are some of the primary questions in your thoughts, which we see as clearly as we see your light that sparkles as brilliantly as a field of diamonds in the sunlight.
11. If we could give estimated times for those and other developments of interest to many, we would do so joyfully. Earth's energy field of potential is in such commotion, with the dark ones fighting bitterly in desperate last stands, that it would be folly to offer even "best guesses." So we tell you what we DO know with absolute certainty—your patience and steadfastness in the light will be rewarded beyond your grandest imagining.
12. Yes, the unusually severe weather conditions in many parts of your world, including heavy snowfalls, flooding and temperature extremes, are man's handiwork. It is not necessary for the scientists who are doing the Illuminati's bidding to initiate each incident anew—once elements in the atmosphere have been strongly set in motion, the domino effect takes over. When conditions start to ease as the energy within them dissipates, weather control technologists set off another disruption, and the same is so with volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Your off-planet brotherhood reduces to the extent possible the intended harmful results of all the manipulated happenings while still enabling their full release of negativity. Why is the Illuminati controlling weather and creating 'natural' disasters? To produce the negativity that arises out of high death toll, grief, fear, chaos, widespread destruction, disease, economic disasters and hopelessness.
13. It is not within our province to assess as light-filled or dark the reason underlying the dissemination of secret documents via Wikileaks, but we can say that the overall effect is beneficial. Even though the previously suppressed information has been released only in minimal amount, it can lessen the shock of that country's citizenry when evidence shows the extent to which their government has betrayed them through the workings of its members in the Illuminati and those who succumbed to that international group's threats or payoffs.
14. With so much money donated for the reconstruction of Haiti after the earthquake a year ago, why is that country still a disaster zone? Because those funds were stolen by the Illuminati after their technology caused the quake—that stealth is why former US presidents Clinton and Bush rushed to Haiti so quickly after the quake.
15. Concerns about a shift in Earth's magnetic pole and where this may be leading are needless. The shift underway is a corrective measure that began over 60 years ago, when Earth's planetary body was so deeply entrenched in third density that it was on the brink of flying out of orbit into certain destruction. God authorized powerful distant sources to beam massive amounts of light to stabilize the planet's orbit, and that stabilization process will continue until Earth is within fourth density.
16. When a clone commits a crime, how does that affect the real person's karma and lifeprint review? It doesn't affect karma at all, and in the lifeprint review, it is simply a factual happening during the physical lifetime. On Earth persons are cloned to keep their powerful positions intact in case of natural death or assassination, and since it usually is individuals high in the ranks of the Illuminati who are cloned, it is done voluntarily.
17. Since the cloning process "downloads" all the person's character traits, behavior patterns and knowledge to that point, the clone continues the person's own ruthlessness and deception that resulted in criminal activities prior to the clone's production. It is the same with successive clones; however, mental and physical deterioration occurs with each downloading into a replacement clone, and if a person is cloned after a chronic disease has set in or after years of ingesting drugs or alcohol, even the first clone's condition is compromised and replacements are frequent. An example is former US President George W. Bush— that is why the cloned vice president, Cheney, actually was running the presidency.
18. Souls may choose to enter clones with the intention of changing negative character traits and behavior patterns into positive, but rarely is this successful. Most often souls enter clones of persons who resisted and were killed, such as Pope John Paul and former US President Jimmy Carter. The souls that entered their clones succeeded in their intention to not succumb to Illuminati demands and they became the respected individuals you know of.
19. No, Barack Obama has not been cloned, nor will he be.
20. Please do not be dismayed because attempts to manifest strong healthy bodies or high energy levels haven't produced desired results. Third density powers of manifestation are not sufficiently developed so that a weak body can be transformed into glowing health or a low energy level raised to high in the twinkling of an eye. But by all means, continue to "see" yourselves in those prime states—positive thoughts about well being attract the energy of similar thought forms in the universal soup and enhance your chances of success. As Earth's ascension journey continues, the higher vibrations will improve health conditions and strengthen your abilities to manifest along with your belief that you do indeed have that power.
21. We make soul contracts to evolve spiritually but we can't remember what's in them, and that doesn't make any sense. If we knew what our missions are, life would be a lot easier. No more making big mistakes and wasting lifetimes trying to get it right.
22. If you remembered all your contract provisions, what purpose would the physical lifetime serve? What advancement could there be in spiritual clarity, application of universal laws and use of free will if you simply followed decisions you made before knowing what circumstances you would encounter during the lifetime?
23. Forgetfulness of soul contracts, which cover the foundation and major players that fit the soul's chosen experiencing and let the personage fill in the details as life keeps unfolding, isn't meant to drown anyone in a lifelong sea of confusion, and it doesn't if folks pay attention to their soul level guidance that is as unmistakable as gigantic flashing arrows. Following those bright blinkers that are conscience, inspiration, instinct and so forth, aligns conscious decisions with contract choices.
24. However, that does not negate your free will to deviate from the contract when other opportunities for growth arise. Contracts aren't rigid, but rather allow for flexibility as different kinds of situations can offer the same measure of learning—actually, it isn't learning, it is remembering what your soul knows. Spiritual growth is a series of self-discoveries that get passed on from lifetime to lifetime, and each contract is designed to provide opportunities for the soul to keep evolving.
25. Awareness of a "mission"—a term that denotes a soul's primary purpose for embodying—doesn't pop up as an Aha! moment, it comes as meaningful accomplishments that impart a sense of fulfillment. And no lifetime ever is wasted! What you consider "mistakes" because they lead to situations that are very difficult to handle are not a waste if you learn from them. Furthermore, they may be part of your contract—not all lifetimes can be on Easy Street or there could be no advancement for the soul. Evolvement requires balance, and attaining balance requires dealing with stressful situations as well as enjoying ideal circumstances. Incarnating offers myriad possibilities and probabilities, but no certainties that would preclude your making the many choices that let each lifetime become a unique learning adventure.
If all were absolutely known, if nothing required any independent thinking or decisions or activity, then why would there be any need for multiple experiencing? What would there be to learn? Why would life itself be necessary? We could just fast forward to The End, which is The Beginning, and let all lives of all times reside at that initial point of Being.
27. Now that holiday observances are over and your thoughts are back into routine tasks, various misconceptions about the year 2012 also are back. Beliefs that the major reforms required to usher in Earth's Golden Age cannot be accomplished in the two short years remaining are paralleling beliefs that darkness will continue right up until the end of 2012, then abruptly disappear. Beliefs that three days of darkness or some other dramatic occurrence will herald the beginning of the Golden Age. Beliefs that profound geographic changes will precede Earth's entry into fourth density. Beliefs that two Earths will emerge out of the ascension process. Beliefs that going along with Earth into the Golden Age is the pinnacle of spiritual growth. Beliefs that after 2012, your world will be unchanged henceforth.
28. Because your beliefs create your reality and collectively those beliefs create your world, you need to know the universal reality of what is happening and what is ahead. To dispel beliefs born of misconceptions, we start by assuring you that all essential reforms to rid your world of darkness will be completed in good time and in stages, not in one fell swoop at the end of calendar year 2012.
29. Nothing profound will happen immediately prior to Earth's entry into her Golden Age; the last days of 2012 will be similar to the first days of 2013.
30. While some seacoasts will gradually move a short ways inland and some low lying islands will slowly become submerged, there will be no drastic changes in land mass or seas.
31. Earth is a soul residing in a planetary body and she has no need for a second such body.
33. And nothing in this universe is static—changelessness is contrary to the scientific laws that govern all life in this universe.
34. Let us speak a bit more about what is ahead. It is so that relatively little linear time remains prior to Earth's total exit from third density—that is why the transitional phase you are entering will be tumultuous, with changes coming thick and fast. You will be in the midst of people who are fearful because all the systems familiar to them are in chaos and collapse. You know that this is part of world transformation and you are there to assist in the process; by calmly dealing with forthcoming circumstances, you can ease the grave concerns of those who don't understand that the turmoil is leading to the "better world" they want.
35. As for the onset of the Golden Age, not all of its glories are sitting on its doorstep, so to say. Yes, everything born of dark intent will have ceased with the advent of that Age—so no more warring or other violence, no more impoverishment or disease, no more polluting or mind control or corruption. All necessary truths will have been revealed and there will be reformed governments and economic, legal and judicial, energy, educational, communication and transportation systems. That is but a partial list of great changes underway, and at the end of 2012, none of them can be considered as perfected. Refinements will continue in all of those areas and other advancements too, and as you keep growing spiritually and intellectually, you will greet all forward strides with rejoicing. [To all who sent questions about specific aspects of life in the Golden Age, please read "Essay on 2012," dated December 31, 2007, in Matthew's Messages on www.matthewbooks.com.
36. Now we say Farewell in this message only, as never are we away from you in spirit. We are with you every step along your journey into the Golden Age even as we see you already joyously living in that magnificent world.


It can happen to even the greatest of chefs, finding vegetables and fruits that have been left in the crisper or fruit bowl a little too long, looking as unhappy as the lucky person who discovered them. In 2012, The Washington Post reported Americans discarded 14 to 25 percent of the food they purchased. Of course, that includes packaged foods that may have expired, but most likely there were some fruits and vegetables in there as well. In addition to household waste, the Natural Resources Defense Counsel discovered that grocery stores discard six billion pounds of plant foods per year, simply because they're not pretty enough!
Vegetables go limp due to dehydration. Since most fresh vegetables are over 80 percent water, their cells loose rigidity from evaporating water reserves once they are picked. And because refrigerators are dry, this process is sped up. To revive droopy or wilted produce, we simply have to give them a drink (or a bath).
Place your neglected vegetables, including leafy greens like lettuce, in a bowl filled with cold water, and let them sit for about 20 minutes. It's also possible to place your droopy greens or celery upright in a jar or glass of water since they can absorb more water through the stem. For fibrous produce like celery, carrots, and Swiss chard, you'll want to cut a little off the end. It's also important to note that you should first cut off any brown parts. Your vegetables will be rehydrated once they seem crisp again, so keep in mind you may have to repeat the process.
There has been scientific debate as to whether you need to add something extra like salt and vinegar, but Kathleen M. Brown, professor of plant stress biology at Penn State University, found water works fine by itself. She also notes that soaking vegetables should be stored in the refrigerator rather than the kitchen counter since a lower air temperature does not create as much moisture loss. However, this method does not work with all vegetables, such as zucchini, which tend to get moldy.
The Greater Chicago Food Depository notes bruised fruits such as peaches, apples, and plums are completely usable – all you have to do is cut the bruised areas off. Bruising usually occurs from mishandling and does not necessarily mean the fruit is spoiled. In the case of melons, if only certain parts appear soft, it is probably still good. Always check the inside before discounting it. If it is growing mold or otherwise looks fuzzy, that's a clear sign you should toss it.
Bruised citrus fruits like lemons and oranges are still edible as long as the bruise is only on the rind and has not affected the flesh. Smaller fruits like grapes and berries can still be eaten as well, and may often appear spoiled when really they're just bruised. Pick through the container or bunch, and discard the pieces that are obviously bad.
While some molds can cause respiratory problems, allergic reactions or contain mycotoxins that can make you sick, hard vegetables like carrots, peppers, and cabbage that might appear moldy can be salvaged.
The USDA believes it is perfectly safe to cut the moldy areas off these foods (including a one-inch area around the bad spot) since dense foods are more difficult for molds to penetrate. However, soft foods like cucumbers, tomatoes, and peaches should be discarded if moldy, since their higher moisture content and soft flesh is easier for mold to penetrate.
If your produce has reached the stage of a liquefied mass lurking in your crisper, dispose of it. Unfortunately, it's past the state of no return. This also includes items that are slimy, have dark spots all over, have drastically changed color or have a foul odor.
Clearly, your vegetable crisper does not have to be an embarrassing graveyard of neglected produce, but if you feel guilty throwing out food, you can always start a compost bin, or utilize your non-moldy vegetables to make The Best Vegetable Stock. With a just a little TLC, you can easily turn your wilted kale into a wonderful salad to thrill even the greatest of chefs and leave your pride unbruised.


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Rebecca D. Gill, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas
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Category: 330
Constitutional Law: Government Powers
#18: Regime Politics
Today's readings talk about the so-called "switch in time" that happened in 1937. It's clear that the Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause–which was in stark contrast to the more expansive interpretation demanded by a variety of New Deal Programs–was a thorn in FDR's side. His so-called "court packing plan" was framed as a solution to the high workload pressures facing the Court, but nobody ever believed this was FDR's real purpose.
The public and members of Congress, who roundly supported FDRs other New Deal policies, reacted quite negatively to the proposal. But this isn't why the plan was never implemented. As your textbook notes, the worst of the battle "was averted in large measure by the actions of the justices themselves" (Epstein and Walker 2014, 429).
The classic version of this story posits that Justices Roberts and Hughes changed their position on the constitutionality of many New Deal programs in direct reaction to the president's threat to pack the Court. But why would justices–with their life tenure, guaranteed salary, and seeming independence from the political branches–bend to such pressure?
The classic version of the tale argues that it probably has something to do with protecting the legitimacy of the Court. Roosevelt's court-packing plan was a transparent attempt to bully the Court into submission; it was clearly a shot at the Court's independence from the political branches. Were the Court to suffer this humiliation, the ability of the Court to oppose the policy preferences of the dominant national governing coalition would be forever sabotaged.
Paper Topic #18: What explains the seeming "switch in time?" Was this just a continuation of an evolution of policy positions on the part of two of the justices that might have happened regardless of FDR's court packing plan? Or was the switch a direct result of this pressure? In any event, did the switch make a difference in the public's esteem of the Court (or of FDR, himself)?
Suggested Reading: Caldeira, G. A. (1987). "Public Opinion and the US Supreme Court: FDR's Court-Packing Plan." American Political Science Review, 81(4), 1139-1153.
#17: The Meaning of Commerce
Our Commerce Power readings trace the development of the Commerce Power over several important spans of time: 1) before the New Deal, 2) the New Deal era, 3) the Commerce Power heyday, and 4) the modern era where the Commerce Power is seemingly in decline. The readings are formatted this way because of the sheer volume of important jurisprudence to cover. It's no surprise, really; the Commerce Power is among the most important and wide-ranging powers that Congress has. Its use of the Commerce Power has long been controversial.
A reasonable starting point for understanding of the Supreme Court's rollercoaster relationship with the Commerce Clause is to determine what in the world this Clause meant when it was enacted. As you see in the readings for today, the Court has always shown an interest in making arguments about the original meaning and/or original intent of the Commerce Clause.
As you might imagine, fiscal conservatives today argue that the Commerce Clause was originally intended more as a call to facilitate trade (and keep states from mucking it all up) than to exercise regulatory power over it. Take, for example, this Heritage Foundation column:
"In its original meaning, the clause functioned primarily as a constraint upon state interference in interstate commerce."
This is in contrast, of course, to the view of progressives, who argue that the Commerce Clause was always intended to create a strong regulatory role for Congress. Contrast the Heritage Foundation account with this taste of the account provided in this column from People for the American Way:
"It is clear that the Framers who met in Philadelphia wanted the new Constitution to establish a comprehensive national legislative power to rationalize the fraught field of interstate commerce."
So, it's clear that the results of an originalist analysis of the Commerce Clause is in the eye of the beholder.
Paper Topic #17: Given what we know about the history of the country under the Articles of Confederation and the interests and concerns of the folks who wrote the Commerce Clause, what is the most plausible original meaning of that Clause? Which camp is closest to the original meaning, the pre-New Dealers, the Commerce Clause expansionists, or the modern Republican Court?
Suggested Reading: Barnett, R.E. 2001. "The Original Meaning of the Commerce Clause." U. Chi. L. Rev. 68(Winter):101.
#16: Preempting Pot
Soon, we'll be reading a commerce power case called Gonzales v. Raich (2005). In that case, the Court held that Commerce Clause gives Congress the power to regulate the intrastate cultivation and possession of marijuana for medical use. Because the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801) was a constitutionally permissible use of federal power, the law could be validly applied to California residents who possessed marijuana for medical use under California's Prop 215.
"The Supremacy Clause unambiguously provides that if there is any conflict between federal and state law, federal law shall prevail. It is beyond peradventure that federal power over commerce is "`superior to that of the States to provide for the welfare or necessities of their inhabitants,'" however legitimate or dire those necessities may be. Just as state acquiescence to federal regulation cannot expand the bounds of the Commerce Clause, so too state action cannot circumscribe Congress' plenary commerce power."Compassionate Use Act of 1996). The Court used the language of preemption when discussing the right of the federal government to pursue violations of the Controlled Substances Act in California, even when the violators were using marijuana in accordance with what is permissible under state law:
The Court's decision in Raich, however, did not fully "preempt" California law. While the federal government reserved its right to enforce its stricter marijuana laws in California, state enforcement agencies were not obliged to follow.
This enforcement conundrum has only increased as more states have adopted more permissive marijuana laws. In light of the recent decriminalization measures in Colorado and Washington State, the Department of Justice has had to confront this difficulty head-on.
In a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing last year, the Deputy Attorney General addressed the problem of enforcement. Read this summary of the hearing.
In the hearing, Deputy AG James Cole invoked the 10th Amendment in his argument about why the federal government will not challenge the legalization of marijuana in Colorado and Washington. This has flummoxed some conservative opponents of legalization. Read this WND article about the controversy. In it, Rep. Cory Gardner (R-CO) is quoted as asking:
"Eric Holder has said that states cannot opt out of federal law, yet here he is doing the exact opposite. What is the administration's guidance on when a state can assert 10th amendment freedoms and when they can't?"
This issue is on its way to the courts, and Colorado is in the hot seat. Colorado is being sued by neighboring states over the legalization. SCOTUSblog has a primer on the litigation here. Colorado is now also being sued by residents of the state. Read this article for a quick background on the issue.
Paper Topic #16: What does this conflict–and the DOJ's apparent capitulation on marijuana laws–say about federalism today, especially in light of the recreational use legalization laws in Washington and Colorado? How will Colorado fare in the litigation instigated by Nebraska and Oklahoma?
Suggested Reading: Renehan, A. (2014). Clearing the Haze Surrounding State Medical Marijuana Laws: A Preemption Analysis and Proposed Solutions. Hous. J. Health L. & Pol'y, 14, 299-299.
Two House Bills Would End Federal Prohibition Of Marijuana
Expanded Federal Powers ~ States Have No Rights According to Many State Legislators| The Post & Email
Baude on Marijuana Federalism
#15: Wrongly Fired
The 11th Amendment states that:
"The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State."
Before its ratification, the Court held in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) that states could be sued in federal court. The Eleventh Amendment was ratified in response to that decision. After its ratification, the Court held in Hollingsworth v. Virginia (1798) that state sovereign immunity had been established by the 11th Amendment.
Subject to some exceptions, then, state government actors have sovereign immunity from lawsuits. But the actual text of the 11th Amendment does not say that sovereign immunity extends to cases where states are sued by their own citizens. The Court extended sovereign immunity to cover this sort of situation in Hans v. Louisiana (1890). However, the Court seems to have backtracked on this, at least a bit. Read the excerpt of Nevada Department of Human Resouces v. Hibbs (2003) on WebCampus. Notice how the Court is allowing this abrogation of the 11th Amendment's sovereign immunity requirement based on the fact that Congress was acting under section 5 of the 14th Amendment.
But it is still clear that states are afforded considerable protection from lawsuits in federal court, even lawsuits filed by their own citizens. Read this WSJ article about the "Facebook Likes" case, Bland v. Roberts (2013). Note that, while the 4th Circuit seems to have sided with the fired employees, these employees are unlikely to be entitled to back pay if they win at trial. Also relevant, though, is the Supreme Court's sovereign immunity decision in Virginia Office for Protection and Advocacy v. Stewart (2014). Click through some of the links at the SCOTUSblog VOPA v. Stewart page, especially this analysis by Schwinn.
Paper Topic #15: How is the issue of sovereign immunity different in this case than it is in Hibbs and/or VOPA? What would have to happen in order for the workers in Bland to collect damages? Is this kind of sovereign immunity still relevant in today's America?
Suggested Reading: Gates, H. M. (2012). Closing The Gap: The Fourth Circuit's Narrowing Of The Ex Parte Young Exception In Virginia V. Reinhard And The Implications For Federal Rights. Seton Hall Circuit Review, 6(2), 1.
#14: Federalism and Same-Sex Marriage
Read for 10/21/2015
You might remember a while back when many of your facebook friends changed their profile pictures to red equals signs. This was the round before everyone rainbowized their profile pics. This was about the time that the Court was preparing to hand down its decision in U.S. v. Windsor (2013). Read the excerpt I've posted in the content section on WebCampus. How is it that what seems like a 14th Amendment equality issue could morph into a federalism question? Read this insightful SCOTUSblog post that helps to show how the question came to be framed in these terms.
Of course, it has also become very trendy for conservative politicians to abandon the position that "marriage should legally be between one man and one woman" and move to a position that calls for each state to make that determination for itself. One recent example of this is Rep. Joe Heck, who recently made an interesting argument on KNPR's "State of Nevada." First, he averred that he still believes ("personally") that marriage is between a man and a woman. He went on to say that there should be no federal role in defining marriage as anything other than that, although he thought the states should be able to decide for themselves. Interestingly, he also thought that the process currently taking place in the federal courts, whereby these institutions are now regularly striking down state-level bans on same sex marriage, were an appropriate part of the process of determining the legality of same sex marriage. As we all know, of course, the federal courts are part of the federal government. Heck did not elaborate on what he thought of the role of the federal courts in using the federal constitution to invalidate state same sex marriage bans.
For the Alabama Supreme Court, however, this debate is far from over. A federal judge overturned Alabama's 2006 ban on same sex marriage. Even though the US Supreme Court refused to issue a stay of the same sex marriages in anticipation of the Supreme Court ruling on the case, the Alabama Supreme Court has taken the matter into its own hands. This Washington Post article gives some of the early details. The Alabama Supreme Court issued a bewildering per curiam opinion, which can be found here. In it, they seem to suggest a number of contradictory reasons for refusing to abide by the federal court's order. Among these reasons is simply that the Supreme Court's decision in Windsor was wrong, so the Alabama Supreme Court is not bound by it.
In the wake of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), you'd think that Alabama would have fallen in line. But you'd be wrong. Indeed, a request to disregard Obergefell is currently pending in front of the Alabama Supreme Court. Read this for an update. In any event, the Obergefell decision has essentially settled the primary question of marriage equality (setting aside the major issue of First Amendment rights). However, the implications of Windsor's lesser-known companion case Hollingsworth v. Perry (2013) might be construed as having more important implications for federalism than Obergefell did.
Paper Topic #14: Outside of the same sex marriage context, what impact does Hollingsworth v. Perry (2013) have on state sovereignty and federalism aside from those related to marriage equality?
Suggested Reading: Young, E.A. and Blondel, E.C. 2012. "Federalism, Liberty, and Equality in United States v. Windsor." Cato Supreme Court Review 2012-2013:117-147.
Palmer, S. 2015. No Legs to Stand On: Article III Injury and Official Proponents of State Voter Initiatives. UCLA L. Rev., 62, 1055.
Alabama justice says state can ignore Supreme Court on gay marriage
Alabama Chief Justice: SCOTUS Can't Change God's Law On Marriage
Alabama Puts Halt On Same Sex Marriage License
#0: Welcome to PSC 330
Congratulations! You've found your way to the PSC 330 blog. Here, I'll be posting short articles that help to link the content of the course to what's going on in the world. I'll let you know on Twitter when a new post is up by tweeting with the hashtag #PSC330. This feed will also include links to additional news items or opinion pieces that are relevant to our course. If you're not on Twitter, you can check the WebCampus Twitter widget or look on my website: rebeccagill.net. Just click on the "330" link on the menu bar.
Many of these blog posts will pose a question about the the breadth, limits, and interaction of government powers. You will choose from among these questions the topic for each of your three short papers in the course. Really, though, you'll probably need to narrow the question a bit and form it into an appropriate argument that you can defend in your short papers. There's much more information about this on our WebCampus page in the "Short Papers" folder.
The material on the blog is required, just as is the material in the book. You need to read the appropriate book section and the blog before you come to class. Each blog post will include the date by which I expect you to read it. I will be posting the blogs several class periods ahead so that you have the information you need to get started on your papers. I'll post these a bit in advance, but not too far ahead; I want to make sure I have the chance to update these with any new cases or content that is relevant to the discussion.
The blog content will feature prominently in most of our classroom discussions, and it is fair game for both the in-class clicker questions and the exams. Remember, if I preface a link by saying "read this," then the material on the linked page is required, too. Enjoy!
-RG
Posted on March 2, 2015 October 12, 2015
#11: Independent Watchdogs
Read for 10/12/2015.
In the arena of domestic affairs, there has been a lot of separation-of-powers debate surrounding the attempts of Congress to reform the financial system. In Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2009), the Court struck down an arrangement in Title I of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Here's a quick summary of the act from the SEC's website:
"On July 30, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which he characterized as "the most far reaching reforms of American business practices since the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt." The Act mandated a number of reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, enhance financial disclosures and combat corporate and accounting fraud, and created the "Public Company Accounting Oversight Board," also known as the PCAOB, to oversee the activities of the auditing profession."
In a 5-4 decision, the Court held that the Act violated the separation of powers doctrine. This is because it gave broad powers to the PCAOB (an entity of the executive branch) while simultaneously keeping the President from appointing or removing the members of the PCAOB. Read this CS Monitor article decribing the separation of powers issue in Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB.
As a 2012 article in Compliance Week explains, the most recent attempt at financial sector regulation, known as "Dodd-Frank", is facing a similar legal challenge. The suit's main points are that the CFPB was established with too much independence—that Congress cannot set the CFPB budget (its funding is determined as a total portion of the Federal Reserve's budget); that the president cannot remove the CFPB director except in special circumstances; and that the courts must give CFPB decisions extra deference.
"As a whole, Dodd-Frank aggregates the power of all three branches of government in one unelected, unsupervised and unaccountable bureaucrat," said former White House Counsel C. Boyden Gray, attorney for the plaintiffs and founder of Boyden Gray & Associates.
"Dodd-Frank is to financial reform like a tsunami is to a slightly dry lawn—all-enveloping, hugely destructive, and pretty much unaccountable to whoever unleashed it," said Sam Kazman, CEI's general counsel. (The rest of the article is here.)
Part of the problem with Dodd-Frank, according to its critics, is that it violates the nondelegation doctrine in much the same way that Sarbanes-Oxley did. Read this short analysis by Professor Bainbridge.
Indeed, a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of Dodd-Frank on separation of powers grounds is in the works. As one conservative analysis explains,
"The challenge to Dodd-Frank is … serious. As former White House Counsel C. Boyden Gray and his co-author, Adam White, wrote in a recent Weekly Standard cover story: "Dodd-Frank is a gift to big banks," and "Even if we take President Obama, Sen. Dodd, Rep. Frank, and the rest of Dodd-Frank's supporters at face value when they protest that they actually intended to rein in Wall Street banks, the laws they passed accomplish the opposite result. Intentional or not, a kiss is still a kiss."
"Dodd-Frank's kiss is intensified by an unconstitutional regulatory structure. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau grants its director czar-like power, combining the authority with little legislative, executive or judicial oversight. Similarly, Dodd-Frank's Orderly Liquidation Authority authorizes unaccountable corporate death panels, which are unrestrained by meaningful judicial scrutiny, while the Financial Stability Oversight Council has unchecked power to define "too big to fail." In each instance, Dodd-Frank ignores our Constitution's mandate for separation of power into three branches of government, housing it instead in one unaccountable agency." (The rest of the article is here.)
The decision to keep the new agencies independent from the Fed and other executive agencies accountable to the President was a conscious one. As this HuffPo article explains:
"Specifically, Dodd's bill takes away the Fed's regulatory power in some key areas. "I really want the Federal Reserve to get back to its core enterprises," Dodd said. "We saw over the last number of years when they took on consumer protection responsibilities and the regulation of bank holding companies, it was an abysmal failure. So the idea that we're going to go back and expand those roles and functions at the expense of the vitality of the core functions that they're designed to perform is going in the wrong way." …
"Dodd said that despite removing a fair amount of regulatory authority from the Federal Reserve, the bill shouldn't be seen as a criticism of Chairman Ben Bernanke himself. "This is not about ego," he said. "It's about putting together an architecture that works." …
"Dodd's bill protects the independence of financial accounting standards …"
Topic #11: Given what we know about the Supreme Court's separation of powers and nondelegation jurisprudence, will these independent agency provisions from Dodd-Frank survive judicial review? Is it even possible for the Congress to develop a mechanism for creating truly independent watchdog groups?
Suggested Reading:
Hills Jr, R. M. (2013). Exorcising McCulloch: The Conflict-Ridden History of American Banking Nationalism and Dodd-Frank Preemption.
Steinmeyer, D. J. (2014). Does State National Bank of Big Spring v Geithner Stand a Fighting Chance. Chi.-Kent L. Rev., 89, 471.
State National Bank of Big Spring v. Lew (2015) [No. 13-5247, D.C. Circuit].
#12: Separation of Powers in Foreign Policy
Read for 10/14
The Supreme Court's decision in MBZ v. Clinton (2012) is an example of a three-way separation of powers battle. Amanda Frost over at SCOTUSblog summarizes the debate this way:
"Federal law requires the Secretary of State to record the birthplace of an individual born in Jerusalem as "Israel," which is at odds with State Department policy. The question for the Court in M.B.Z. v. Clinton … is whether that law interferes with the President's constitutional authority to recognize foreign nations, and whether that dispute between the branches is a political question beyond the power of the courts to decide."
http://youtu.be/b2VoLG-wht0
More details can be found in this National Journal article.
The Court's decision in MBZ v. Clinton (2012) did little to clear up the dispute between the executive branch and the legislative branch; however, it did assert the power of the judiciary to decide the dispute. Read Lyle Denniston's astute commentary on the Court's decision.
Paper Topic #12: As Lyle points out, the question remains as to whether Congress has the power to legislate about how a birthplace is listed on a passport. How will the lower courts answer this question? Is § 214(d) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act constitutional? What implications will the decision have for striking a balance in this foreign policy separation of powers game?
Suggested Reading: Hand, A. (2012). Forbidden Territory or Well-Defined Boundaries-MBZV Clinton and the Overzealous Application of the Political Question Doctrine. Duke J. Const. L. & Pub. Pol'y Sidebar, 7, 61.
Viewing Videos in Blog Posts
Because of the way that some of the content is presented, you may occasionally see a big blank space in a blog post where I've promised a video or some other content. This is covered in OIT's "Known Issues" section. Here is what they say about the matter:
A security setting in your browser may be preventing you from seeing content in your courses. If you click on a link to content pages for your course, it will either appear as a blank page or a pop up will appear warning you of unsecure content. Allowing mixed content will resolve this issue.
Note: Firefox and Chrome does not allow you to save the settings below. Therefore, the fixes for Firefox and Chrome must be done each time you visit the pages that have blocked content.
Browsers Affected: Internet Explorer 7+, Firefox 20+, Chrome
Issue (by IE version):
Internet Explorer 7 & 8: Navigation to page has been canceled
Internet Explorer 8: Security warning: Do you want to view only the webpage content that was delivered securely? (Click No to display all content)
Internet Explorer 9: Page will show up blank with a warning at the bottom of your browser window indicating that content has been blocked and prompting you to Show All Content
Issue in Firefox and Chrome
The page may show up incorrectly formatted and/or certain items may not show up at all.
Fix for Internet Explorer:
Click Tools on the top of your Internet Explorer window or the Gear icon in the upper right hand corner.
Select Internet Options.
Click the Security tab.
Click the Internet icon.
Locate Display mixed content under Miscellaneous.
Click the radio button next to Enable (the default setting is" Prompt ").
Click OK to save your changes.
Fix for Firefox
Check for a shield icon near your back button at the top of your screen:
Click the shield icon and change the "Keep Blocking" to "Disable Protection on This Page"
If the page, does not refresh, manually refresh the page. The content should be displayed correctly.
Fix for Chrome
Click the shield icon at the end of the address bar
Click on Load unsafe script
Return to the page that was not displaying properly and you should see the missing content
If you continue to have difficulty accessing the blog material, be sure to contact the OIT Helpdesk.
Course Blogs:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To provide supplier management, administrative and resourcing support to the Buckinghamshire County Council contract.
-To answer client and candidate and supplier enquiries through informed knowledge of client contracts to facilitate relationship building between Pertemps and their clients.
-Accurately update recruitment trackers on a daily basis and send to line manager and the client.
-To ensure that all touchpoints receive professional treatment through attention to detail and fantastic customer service .
-Liaising between client, suppliers and workers.
-Representing the company to other recruitment agencies.
-Assisting the team manager to co-ordinate information.
-Producing weekly reports and statistics using our in-house systems.
-Customer service orientation and a willingness to focus on their needs and concerns.
-Commitment to meeting targets and completion of work to deadline.
-Ability to remain calm and work effectively in the face of interruption and difficult or uncertain situations.
-Concern for accuracy and attention to detail with consistent adherence to procedure and quality.
-Systematic approach to effective management and prioritisation of tasks.
-Willing co-operation and active relationship building with workers and team members.
-Ability to sustain efforts and persevere with tedious or pressurised tasks to get the job done.
In order to apply for this position please attach your CV and cover letter ensuring you highlight how you possess the relevant skills, knowledge, and experience for the post.


I have a Mathews z7 with a 60lb draw, 27.5? draw length. I?m shooting a 390 grain arrow at 255 FPS. Which puts out 55 ft lbs of KE. Some charts say I?m right in the middle of the suggested KE for elk, others say that?s a little light. It took me quite a while to achieve the product I have right now and I?m confident in this weapon for medium game for sure but concerned I might be disappointed after an unsuccessful elk hunt in 2020. I have time to purchase different equipment and gain confidence with something new but would like people?s thoughts on my current setup for elk and or bear.
Not an expert but elk are big tough critters. I would go to a heavier arrow with a fixed blade cut on contact broadhead. If you limit your ranges and can place your arrow where it needs to be , you would probably be fine. Now if you need a reason to get a new bow and arrows, a heavier arrow and faster bow with more poundage would be nice too. I shoot a 500 gr arrow out of a 70# bow and am nowhere near a heavy setup.
I think you'll be fine if you use a good cut on contact broadhead like a Magnus Stinger or a Vipertrick. If possible try upping your arrow weight to a 125 grain broadhead if you're not already. 415 grain arrow would help your setup out a little better for elk.
Yep, what Dan said is spot on. I prefer 420 to 440. I have a 27" draw at 66lbs. Good luck!


The room block dates are Sunday June 2, Monday June 3 and Tuesday June 4. If you choose to arrive early or stay later than these dates, the discount rate is offered depending on hotel availability. If a night before / after the room block dates is booked, try alternate dates. Dates before and after the room block might be booked, but not the block nights for the conference. The cancellation/date change policy is 72 hours prior to the arrival of the booked reservation. Parking rate is $49 per night.


A fine large specimen of the rare mineral blue langite, with large coverage of microcrystals on a hand-sized plate. Rare, beautiful, and super sparkly! This piece has a lot of crystals for the price, though it is not particularly aesthetic I admit.


If you are looking for the best disco tickets available, these disco tickets with security features that include foil are just what you'll need for the most secure tickets available for your disco event. It's time to get groovy with fully customizable disco tickets for your next disco event. You'll be electric sliding all the way to the event with tickets that put you in the mood for disco balls, polyester, and feathered hair. With the choice of bright colors and a variety of disco ball themes, you had better get your dance moves ready. Your disco event will stand out with these full color and Design-It-Yourself disco tickets.
These customizable disco dance tickets offer gold foil on each ticket. Our disco night themed dance tickets are secure, easy to customize and will ship within 5 business days. Each security feature will help you run a smoother, safer event. Ticket format is vertical, sized 2" x 5.5" with a 1.25" stub with a raffle ticket on the back stub.


This series on AstroCompatibility will cover all of the potential matchups in the Zodiac. We will continue this series thinking about and commenting on Sagittarius and Pisces.
Pisces is a Mutable Water Sign. Sagittarius is Fire and Mutable. Notice that word "mutable". It stands out because water and fire are not the most automatic pairing that brings quick harmony. But the mutability makes one focus in on some fascinating characteristics. In addition, they both have that half and half structure. Pisces is in reality two fish images headed in opposite directions and Sagittarius is half man and half horse. These things promise both will have great adaptability.
A look at the two of them shows some wonderful commonalities. They both have an arms wide open kind of approach to their fellow man. Call it compassion or a touching understanding of the human condition, the Archer and the Fish both live with this kind of mindset. As a foundation for this compassion, comes a mental framework which is idealistic and hopeful. However, there is a natural tension which arises from the bold Sagittarian heart meeting the wise Piscean soul. That means they have a challenge for each other. Better said, it means that they both can give to each other while they are attempting to unify and get along.
As with dancers and martial artists and singers and other such, style can be a very meaningful difference even though they love, admire and honor the same thing. The honesty of the Archer sometimes "flies all over" the Fish. The Fish does not like to see all the pain that is caused as the Archer tells the truth to people who may or may not get the truth completely enough to change. Subsequently, there is real hurt there, lingering, as far as the Fish is concerned. The Archer dislikes the air of murky mystery that the Fish sometimes swims in to avoid harming and leaving things unclear. In essence, they kind of disagree about a fundamental point of style. This causes some tension and leaves that distinct feeling that they are not very much alike.
Since these contradictory matters exist, but the harmonics are there in great display, they can meet in happy congregation of the major themes in their lives. This duo as partners, lovers, mates, companions can be successful as they arm wrestle each other over their disputes. There is the picture here of people who can help, inspire, provide charity or promulgate a great program for their neighborhood, town or city. Pisces, being nonjudgmental and allowing will help the Archer feel the freedom of its boundless energy. Sagittarius fixated on their urge for the complete truth will see in its partner a purity of intent that many signs do not have.
Tender treatment would prevail here, as the optimism and spirit of both would dominate the nature of their romance. Pisces presents a sweetness that the Sagittarius would be compelled to cherish. Their romance would tend to reflect their high calling of truth and compassion.
One of the ways that a new quality could be wrought from this fusion of souls is in the Sagittarian tendency to offend, as long as it's the truth. This can definitely cause conflict at times. The Fish will clearly communicate that it is hurt or damaged by that truth. This might make the Archer consider its style and redraw aspects of the way it communicates. This is not to say that the Fish would not also learn some lessons, but the conflict, in any case should be restrained for mutual benefit.
Life in the end is repetitive and mundane, and so is Romance itself. This factor asks the question: "Can we be bored together over the long term?" Pisces loves to drift down into a quiet flowing tidal area and repair itself after a run down the rapids. The Archer puts on so much mileage that they can also seek to repair itself. Boring is an occasional vacation that they might seek together.
Keep Up The Interest Graph: Counter to their need for refreshment is how this team lives life, psychically or physically, in a multi-colored, multi-faceted inner and outer life of interest. This portends a pretty exciting, interest-filled life. They would not suffer for this potential lack.
Seven Year Itchiness: Pisces would not tend to the 7 year itch unless deeply personally tested because of some inner unmet need. Sagittarius, jumping and shooting would want to get tame and restrained.
ASTROCOMPATIBILITY POSSIBILITY RATING: 70% Positive Long Term - 60% Short Term. The short term could bring together these two high-minded types with great warmth. The long term would be affected by how they were able to help each other grow through tension relief and reaching for their highest ideals.
This sounds great and it sounds how romance and love go. If you want me to speculate, I would say that a Pisces can be reasoned with. Don't confront him, but perhaps ask him: "Do you have an ideal vacation in your mind?" You sound like a Sag and of course, you are romantic natured, and that is a good thing. All the best.
Hi, loved the article. Lot many things are true what evr is written. But me being a sagg, I dnt think i lack in passion. I feel i am more emotional than my piscean guy. i love my guy to death, i crave for his attention, although he gives me enough. but being an attention seeker, i crave for more. yes, he is not much into trips and vaccations. he hardly takes me out, but he used to when we were dating. we dated for 13 years and got married recently. he is loving caring. i wish he uderstand my need for adventure and need for conversation. he hardly talks actually. i am a little blunt but i regret when evr i shout at him. he at times gets hyper too. but in good days we are deeply in love with each other. we both love to curdle with each other through out the night. he is nt tired to make me sleep in his arms. life is not always roses, some times thornes are required to make it happening. love him, i want him till i die.


text:
Q: Munit Issue for SAP connector while working with maven, Hi I am facing the below while running munit with maven code
I have a flow containing sap connector,then done the munit for the flow and trying to run the munit with maven, getting the below exception, need help
:.
[ERROR] Failed to shut down registry cleanly: org.mule.Registry.Spring
org.mule.api.lifecycle.LifecycleException: Failed to invoke lifecycle phase "dispose" on object: SapConnector$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$1f197d8f
{
  name=SAP_08
  lifecycle=not in lifecycle
  this=298e706
  numberOfConcurrentTransactedReceivers=4
  createMultipleTransactedReceivers=true
  connected=false
  supportedProtocols=[sap]
  serviceOverrides=<none>
}

    at org.mule.lifecycle.phases.DefaultLifecyclePhase.applyLifecycle(DefaultLifecyclePhase.java:248)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.phases.MuleContextDisposePhase.applyLifecycle(MuleContextDisposePhase.java:102)
    at org.mule.config.spring.SpringRegistryLifecycleManager$SpringContextDisposePhase.applyLifecycle(SpringRegistryLifecycleManager.java:141)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryLifecycleCallback.doApplyLifecycle(RegistryLifecycleCallback.java:91)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryLifecycleCallback.onTransition(RegistryLifecycleCallback.java:67)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryLifecycleManager.invokePhase(RegistryLifecycleManager.java:140)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryLifecycleManager.fireLifecycle(RegistryLifecycleManager.java:111)
    at org.mule.registry.AbstractRegistry.dispose(AbstractRegistry.java:68)
    at org.mule.registry.AbstractRegistryBroker$2.onTransition(AbstractRegistryBroker.java:69)
    at org.mule.registry.AbstractRegistryBroker$2.onTransition(AbstractRegistryBroker.java:64)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryLifecycleManager.invokePhase(RegistryLifecycleManager.java:140)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.RegistryBrokerLifecycleManager.fireDisposePhase(RegistryBrokerLifecycleManager.java:82)
    at org.mule.registry.AbstractRegistryBroker.dispose(AbstractRegistryBroker.java:63)
    at org.mule.registry.MuleRegistryHelper.fireLifecycle(MuleRegistryHelper.java:137)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.MuleContextLifecycleManager$MuleContextLifecycleCallback.onTransition(MuleContextLifecycleManager.java:91)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.MuleContextLifecycleManager$MuleContextLifecycleCallback.onTransition(MuleContextLifecycleManager.java:87)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.MuleContextLifecycleManager.invokePhase(MuleContextLifecycleManager.java:69)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.MuleContextLifecycleManager.fireLifecycle(MuleContextLifecycleManager.java:61)
    at org.mule.DefaultMuleContext.dispose(DefaultMuleContext.java:345)
    at org.mule.context.DefaultMuleContextFactory.doCreateMuleContext(DefaultMuleContextFactory.java:230)
    at org.mule.context.DefaultMuleContextFactory.createMuleContext(DefaultMuleContextFactory.java:81)
    at org.mule.munit.runner.MunitMuleContextFactory.createMuleContext(MunitMuleContextFactory.java:85)
    at org.mule.munit.runner.MuleContextManager.createMule(MuleContextManager.java:97)
    at org.mule.munit.runner.MuleContextManager.startMule(MuleContextManager.java:56)
    at org.mule.munit.runner.mule.MunitSuiteRunner.<init>(MunitSuiteRunner.java:42)
    at org.mule.MUnitMojo.buildRunnerFor(MUnitMojo.java:311)
    at org.mule.MUnitMojo.doExecute(MUnitMojo.java:173)
    at org.mule.MUnitMojo.execute(MUnitMojo.java:122)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:106)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:208)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:317)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:152)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:555)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:214)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:158)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError: JCo initialization failed with java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError: Illegal JCo archive "sapjco3-3.0.13.jar". It is not allowed to rename or repackage the original archive "sapjco3.jar".
    at com.sap.conn.jco.rt.MiddlewareJavaRfc.<clinit>(MiddlewareJavaRfc.java:230)
    at com.sap.conn.jco.rt.DefaultJCoRuntime.initialize(DefaultJCoRuntime.java:98)
    at com.sap.conn.jco.rt.JCoRuntimeFactory.<clinit>(JCoRuntimeFactory.java:23)
    at com.sap.conn.jco.rt.RuntimeEnvironment.<init>(RuntimeEnvironment.java:43)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
    at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:379)
    at com.sap.conn.jco.ext.Environment.getInstance(Environment.java:155)
    at com.sap.conn.jco.ext.Environment.isDestinationDataProviderRegistered(Environment.java:401)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.jco3.SapJcoFactory.startup(SapJcoFactory.java:198)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.jco3.SapJcoFactory.<clinit>(SapJcoFactory.java:45)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.SapConnector.doDispose(SapConnector.java:198)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.SapConnector$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$1f197d8f.CGLIB$doDispose$4(<generated>)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.SapConnector$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$1f197d8f$$FastClassByCGLIB$$c6f1beab.invoke(<generated>)
    at net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:215)
    at org.mule.modules.interceptor.connectors.ConnectorMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConnectorMethodInterceptor.java:48)
    at com.mulesoft.mule.transport.sap.SapConnector$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$1f197d8f.doDispose(<generated>)
    at org.mule.transport.AbstractConnector$4.onTransition(AbstractConnector.java:596)
    at org.mule.transport.AbstractConnector$4.onTransition(AbstractConnector.java:592)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.AbstractLifecycleManager.invokePhase(AbstractLifecycleManager.java:138)
    at org.mule.transport.ConnectorLifecycleManager.fireDisposePhase(ConnectorLifecycleManager.java:89)
    at org.mule.transport.AbstractConnector.dispose(AbstractConnector.java:591)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor94.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.mule.lifecycle.phases.DefaultLifecyclePhase.applyLifecycle(DefaultLifecyclePhase.java:237)
    ... 48 more
[INFO] Closing org.mule.munit.runner.spring.config.MunitApplicationContext@53830ac9: startup date [Tue Sep 20 16:30:07 IST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 38.910s
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Sep 20 16:30:19 IST 2016
[INFO] Final Memory: 76M/269M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal com.mulesoft.munit.tools:munit-maven-plugin:1.1.0:test (test) on project mule_onprem_to_sap: Execution test of goal com.mulesoft.munit.tools:munit-maven-plugin:1.1.0:test failed: org.mule.api.config.ConfigurationException: Failed to invoke lifecycle phase "initialise" on object: SapConnector$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$1f197d8f
[ERROR] {
[ERROR] name=SAP_08
[ERROR] lifecycle=not in lifecycle
[ERROR] this=298e706
[ERROR] numberOfConcurrentTransactedReceivers=4
[ERROR] createMultipleTransactedReceivers=true
[ERROR] connected=false
[ERROR] supportedProtocols=[sap]
[ERROR] serviceOverrides=<none>
[ERROR] }
[ERROR] (org.mule.api.lifecycle.InitialisationException): org/mule/module/reboot/EEMuleContainerBootstrap: org.mule.module.reboot.EEMuleContainerBootstrap
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginExecutionException

A: @Ankit Prakash this is the SAP maven dependency issue.
You must follow the steps described below in order to overcome the limitations imposed both by SAP JCo and Maven, and get a project that will be able to run in Studio:
1 - Install resources to local Maven repository
The commands specified below are required to install the jars and the native libraries into you local Maven repository. Note that we are showing how to install the native libraries for MaOS 64-bits, Linux x86 64-bits and Windows 64-bits.
sapidoc3.jar, version 3.0.12:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.sap.conn.idoc -DartifactId=sapidoc3 -Dversion=3.0.12 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=sapidoc3.jar
sapjco3.jar, version 3.0.14:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.sap.conn.jco -DartifactId=sapjco3 -Dversion=3.0.14 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=sapjco3.jar
Native library MacOS 64 bits, version 3.0.14:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.sap.conn.jco -DartifactId=sapjco3 -Dversion=3.0.14 -Dclassifier=darwinintel64 -Dpackaging=jnilib -Dfile=libsapjco3.jnilib
Native library Linux x86 64 bits, version 3.0.14:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.sap.conn.jco -DartifactId=sapjco3 -Dversion=3.0.14 -Dclassifier=linuxx86_64 -Dpackaging=so -Dfile=libsapjco3.so
Native library Windows AMD 64 bits, version 3.0.14:
mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.sap.conn.jco -DartifactId=sapjco3 -Dversion=3.0.14 -Dclassifier=ntamd64 -Dpackaging=dll -Dfile=sapjco3.dll
After following the steps described above, the folder that contains the resources for sapjco3, version 3.0.14, will include the following files:
~/.m2/repository/com/sap/conn/jco/sapjco3/3.0.14

*

*sapjco3-3.0.14-darwinintel64.jnilib

*sapjco3-3.0.14.jar

*sapjco3-3.0.14-NTAMD64.dll

*sapjco3-3.0.14-linuxx86_64.so

*sapjco3-3.0.14.pom

Similarly, the folder that contains the resources for sapidoc3, version 3.0.12, will include the following files:
~/.m2/repository/com/sap/conn/idoc/sapidoc3/3.0.12

*

*sapidoc3-3.0.12.jar

*sapidoc3-3.0.12.pom

2 - Use the provided POM
Use the POM attached as a base for all you applications using the MuleSoft Connector for SAP Solutions.
Note that we are using profiles that are being activated automatically, based on the operating system and architecture, to set the name of the native library that will be used.
Also we created a profile named studio, that you must activate whenever you need to include all the jars and the corresponding native library to the deployment archive that will be generated whenever you run the command maven clean package.
3 - Copy the native library to your Studio project
Create a directory called lib at the root level of your mavenized Studio project and copy there the native library. When building and packaging the application, the content of that folder won't be included in the deployment archive.
4 - Change the Maven Settings to activate the studio profile

*

*Go to Run -> Run Configurations...

*Select your mavenized project

*Go to the Maven Settings tab

*Enter the following argument: -Druntime=studio
Hope this helps.

A: It's an old question but just in case any one hits this issue then add below dependency. Note the scope is test as it is not needed during runtime.
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.mulesoft.muleesb.modules</groupId>
        <artifactId>mule-module-boot-ee</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

A: I got the answer for Munit issue with SAP jars.
Please follow below steps for fixing this issue:-

*

*Add the SAP libraries to the classpath:
(a) Navigate to Build Path > Configure Build Path
(b) In the Libraries tab, click the Add Library … button
(c) Select Anypoint Connectors Dependencies
(d) Select the SAP Connector option.

*You may also need to make the java.library.path point to the folder where the
native libraries are located. The MUnit Studio plugin will try to find these
native libraries and configure them automatically when you try to run your
tests. In case they are not found, you need to add the following vm argument
in the run configuration:
(a) In Studio's top navigation bar, click run
(b) Click Run Configurations…
(c) Select the Arguments tab
(d) In the VM Arguments dialog box, type the path to your libraries with the
java.library.path argument.
Example: -Djava.library.path=path/to/lib

From Maven
One way of adding the libraries to the classpath is using the additionalClasspathElements parameter in the maven plugin.
You can provide the path to each of the SAP libraries that you want to add:
<additionalClasspathElements>
    <additionalClasspathElement>/path/to/lib/sapjco3.jar</additionalClasspathElement>
    <additionalClasspathElement>/path/to/lib/sapidoc3.jar</additionalClasspathElement>
</additionalClasspathElements>

Note:-If there is already a sap dependency in the pom, but the library name doesn't match SAP naming restrictions, you may need to exclude them from the test run. This way the libraries added with the additionalClassPathElement parameter will take precedence:
<classpathDependencyExcludes>
    <classpathDependencyExclude>com.sap.conn.idoc:sapidoc3</classpathDependencyExclude>
    <classpathDependencyExclude>com.sap.conn.jco:sapjco3</classpathDependencyExclude>
</classpathDependencyExcludes>

Additionally, you need to make the java.library.path property point to the native libraries directory, similar to how it's done in Studio.
To accomplish this, you can use the argLine parameter to add the additional vm argument.
<argLines>
    <argLine>-Djava.library.path=/path/to/native/lib/folder</argLine>
</argLines>

I hope the above description will be helpful.
For more details refer link:- Munit with SAP jars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Photography goes well beyond what we see on the outside and travels deeply into the beauty of a person's soul. My ability to discover this beauty is something that I take pride in. It brings me immense joy to create and offer my clients unique photography experiences, which is something that sets me apart in an otherwise saturated industry.
Walking in to the studio you will feel right at home. Have a complimentary glass of wine, or other beverage while you get your hair and make up done for your session, or when you come back and see your images for the first time. This is a celebration for being you, no matter why you are here or who you are!
So if you are you looking for a unique, friendly, pampering photography experience that will leave you feeling inspired, empowered, and with the best images you have ever seen of yourself then you are in the right place! I cant wait to meet you!


The Rock Church Prison Ministry will be sponsoring children of inmates and their guardians to visit their incarcerated father's for Father's Day at the San Luis Obipso prison!
We are honored and truly excited and look forward to the many blessings. We need your help, so If you'd like to be part of this contact Latisha Zamora.
PLACE: Meet at The Rock Church and then board on the bus to the San Luis Obipso prison.
For more information contact: Latisha Zamora, 619.210.3522 or [email protected].


text:
Olympic Park & Museum in Park City, Utah
Experience some of the magic still here from the 2002 Winter Olympics!
When you visit Park City and Deer Valley for your unforgettable Utah vacation, don't forget to stop by and check out the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center and Olympic park, its two free museums, and a slew of great outdoor activities. Whether it's winter or summer, there is always something fun going on.
The Alf Engen Ski Museum
Started in 1989, The Alf Engen Ski Museum Foundation set out with the goal of constructing a modest ski museum in honor of ski legend Alf Engen and skiing in the local Park City area. Opening in July of 2002 on the first floor of the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center, this museum was curated with artifacts and exhibits highlighting the rich history of skiing in the Intermountain West and preserving the remarkable history of skiing in the entire Intermountain Region (the geographic area between the Rocky Mountains to the east and the Cascade & Sierra Nevada ranges to the west). The museum showcases many contributions to ski area development, athletic competition, snow safety, ski innovation, and ski teaching methods. It's a "Must-See" for any ski enthusiast.
More on The Alf Engen Ski Museum
George Eccles 2002 Olympic Winter Games Museum
Located on the second floor of the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center is the George Eccles 2002 Olympic Winter Games Museum, which was dedicated on June 9th, 2005. Here you get to see the 2002 Winter Olympics Games come alive in this state-of-the-are-museum. You instantly see the stunning banners and art displayed in Salt Lake City during the games. Then you see the props and visuals used during the opening and closing ceremonies and numerous displays and artifacts honoring the athletes, volunteers, and all the different winter sports represented in the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
More on the George Eccles 2002 Olympic Winter Games Museum
Visiting the Olympic Park In Summer
The Olympic Park in Park City, UT offers a wide variety of things to enjoy during the summer months. You can do light and leisurely activities such as watching the freestyle show put on by Flying Ace Productions, or enjoy a guided tour of the museum and surrounding area. If you are looking for a little bit more thrill and hands-on experiences, check out all the various rope courses, zip lines, extreme tubing, and even a summer bobsled experience.
More Olympic Park Summer Activity Info
Visiting the Olympic Park In Winter
Watch as future Olympians train or cheer them on at one of the numerous world cup events frequently held at the park, such as Bobsledding, Skeleton, and Luge. Go extreme snow tubing or feel like a real olympian as you take the 2002 Olympic Bobsled course head-on, racing a real Bobsled down the track for the best time. This is one experience not to e missed!
More Olympic Park Winter Activity Info
Find a Home Base for Your Olympic Fun
Mont Cervin is a luxury condo community located mid-mountain of Deer Valley only 20 minutes from Park City's Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center & Olympic Park. Our beautiful accommodations, family-friendly environment, and easy access to all things Park City make staying with Silverlake Accommodations at the Mont Cervin a great choice for anyone visiting the area. Want to amp up your Olympic-style ski vacation? Read more about skiing with a champion or an Olympian on our September blog, Deer Valley Ski Lessons: Something for Everyone. Don't hesitate, book your Deer Valley and Park City vacation today!
Reserve Your Mont Cervin Rental


McMaster Carr states that 304 stainless stock can become slightly magnetic when worked. I Want the stock that I have to be magnetic, so what is the best way to magnetize 304. Thanksfor the help.
I've machined linear MILES of this stuff back in the day. Never once experienced even SLIGHT magnetism. In fact, we used it for tooling that was being used near the work envelope of resistance welding applications for just this property.
I believe what they mean is that 304 will be attracted by a magnet where as 316 will not.
I may be wrong but I don't think you can actually magnetize 304 stainless.
I think you may have to switch to one of the 400 series of stainless steels if you need magnetic properties.
As a bonus it is much more receptive to machining, drilling, tapping etc.
Thanks for the helps. The item has been finished so I guess to bad. We'll see how strong the magnet is that I intended to attach.
Oh well. This is not critical just would have been convenient.
When they say "SLIGHTLY magnetic" they mean what they say. You will not notice any appreciable change in the magnetic properties of the 304.
There are very sensitive instruments such as mass spectrometers whose spectrographic results can be influenced by even the slightest bit of magnetism and it is for this reason that the disclaimer is made by the distributor. For all practical purposes the 304 will not become noticeably magnetic. At work we use 316 when magnetism must be kept to an absolute minimum.
I think Willy is correct when he says you need to look at 400 series stainless, and also correct when he says the machining properties are better, but the trade-off is in loss of corrosion resistance.
"Standard" 304 has a percentage Carbon content which promotes slight magnetism. 304L is the low Carbon lower magnetic grade.
I Want the stock that I have to be magnetic, so what is the best way to magnetize 304. Thanksfor the help.
Some alloys, even though attracted by a magnet, are not able to retain magnetism and 304 sounds like that. One way to make a piece of such material appear as a permanent magnet is to attach a strong magnet to it, in this video..
... you can see a small "solenoid engine" I made where the two bars sliding through the coils are magnetised in this way, in this instance I stuck a magnet on each end.
Not sure the metallurgical details (flunked that course and had to take it twice) but austenitic (3xx series) becomes magnetic as it is cold worked. An example of this is cold-headed stainless (18-8 is common composition) fasteners with roll-formed threads. A magnet will stick to these at roughly 1/4 the pull that you find in regular fasteners. The amount of magnet pull is related to degree of cold work. You don't observe magnetism in 304 bar stock because the amount of cold work is small.
That explains why it's so variable. We tried to distinguish 18-8 from 316 bolts in the stock drawers at work by checking with a magnet, but with erratic results.
I've found that even stock describing itself as 316 is weakly attracted to Nedimium magnets.


If you're in a hurry and don't have time to go through all the reviews and buying advice compiled by our researchers but you do want to find the best raclette party grill money can buy, this short paragraph should tell you everything you need to know. We have gathered a lot of information about the best raclette party grill on the market by looking at owner feedback, expert review sites, overall brand quality and even social media activity. Out of the products we have looked at the Hamilton Beach 31602 is the best because it comes with 8 paddles that are resistant to heat and plenty of delicious recipes to help you get started. The temperature can also be adjusted depending on your needs. If the Hamilton Beach 31602 is not available in your area you can consider the as it is the Swissmar KF-77081 second best option.
Raclette grills are becoming a popular way to cook and serve a meal, and there are several models to choose from. Before you rush out and buy the first one you see for your next gathering there are a few aspects you need to consider. In this buying guide you will find helpful tips that will make it easier for you to find the best raclette party grill of 2019.
As stated in the best raclette reviews one of the first aspects to consider is the size. This will typically depend on your budget, and the number of people you are going to feed. Two or four person raclettes are typically inexpensive and great for small spaces. They are also a good choice for singles and couples. These raclettes typically have a cooking area around 30 cm which gives you plenty of room for a couple of items without taking up a lot of space on the table. If you are planning on have several friends over you might want to spend a little more on a raclette 8 person party grill.
Your budget will also determine the type of material used in the cooking surface, and some consumers state that there is a noticeable difference. Non stick materials ensure that all of the food slips easily off the surface onto guests plates, and these raclettes are typically easy to clean since they are dishwasher safe. Stone cooking surfaces often cost a little extra, but they taste and texture of the food can make it worth it. Most of these use granite, since it is able to conduct heat evenly and is easy to keep clean. Food also doesn't stick to granite, which is always an advantage at a dinner party.
A few other features you might want to consider which can improve your experience with a raclette include adjustable temperatures and bases that are designed to be easy to wipe clean. Handles that stay cool to the touch are also appreciated, and can prevent painful burns that can ruin a dinner party. Spatulas that match the number of guests allow everyone to fully experience a "raclette party", and some models also come with dishes and helpful recipes.
A raclette is a fun way to dine with friends and family, and most are easy to use and maintain. While we can't choose the right one for you we can help you make an informed decision, which is why you can find the best raclette party grill showcased below.
According to the Hamilton Beach raclette party grill reviews the 31602 is perfect for gatherings of 6 to 8 people. It is designed to fit easily on the table so guests can gather around and prepare their food " just the way they like it". The arched supports prevent the base from burning the table, and provide plenty of balance and support. Since you can adjust the temperature you can prepare a variety of foods, and the included recipes will help you get started. The non stick cooking surface ensures that food is easy to remove, and you have the added advantage of the 8 paddles so every can participate. To ensure you are satisfied with your purchase the 31602 is also backed by hamilton Beach's one year limited warranty.
This raclette from Swissmar comes with a granite stone that ensures meat is tender, juicy and all foods are cooked evenly through. With 1200 watts of power it can easily cook food for 8 people, and since the heat can be adjusted there is almost no limit to what you can prepare. The granite stone also ensures food doesn't stick, and the KF-77081 also comes with handles that won't get hot to the touch. Your guests will appreciate the 8 included spatulas so they can prepare and remove their own food. There are also dishes to enhance the unique dining experience. You will love how easy the raclette is to clean, and some of the parts are rated as dishwasher safe. The base can also be easily wiped down so the raclette is ready for your next party.
Everything you need for an 8 person party is included with this raclette from West Bend. The grilling surface is ideal for a number of food items, and it will also keep everything warm will guests are preparing their own plate. There are 8 dishes and spatulas so everyone can enjoy the experience of using a raclette, and with an adjustable temperature control there is almost no limit to what you can make. You also have the advantage of the granite stone which ensures food is evenly cooked every time. West Bend ensured that cleaning up afterwards is quick and easy so you will want to use the raclette again. The base can be quickly wiped down, and some of the parts are dishwasher safe for easy and convenient cleaning.


When Wendy Everly was six-years-old, her mother was convinced she was a monster and tried to kill her. It isn't until eleven years later that Wendy finds out her mother might've been telling the truth.
There are a few editions of Switched cover..
I almost bought the last cover (US version) but thought that UK version would be more cool. hehe.
Ok, let's begin with the review.
The keyword to this story is "Trylle". Trylle Trilogy.
At first I wonder what is the meaning of Trylle.
Forget about the vampire series. It's all old school already.
It's time for a new refreshing plot. Trylle Series or Troll.
I love both the strong character. Wendy Everly : Stubborn, Low self esteem, Charm in her own way& Finn Holmes : Cold, Serious, Protective and boleh cair laa… wahaha.
And there were some side characters which were also strong & unforgettable.
If you've been missing of your teen spirit era, try reading this book.
I think I haven't read a high school based story for ages, that's why sometimes I thought I was still sweet 17 while reading this book. Muahahahhaa.
Tabik spring with the author : Amanda Hocking. She first writing/published this story only through e-book. Now she sold multi-million books.
So the hard work was paid enough.
I found a trailer made for this book.
Well, Wendy was more beautiful than my imagination from this trailer. But Finn, as I imagined much looks like Adam Levigne. Muahahhaha… (Mesti nak mejin juak..) In this trailer his face doesn't look so… Finn. read the book and you know how does the Finn's character was.
I'm looking forward for this book to become a movie. Maybe it can beat the Twilight Series.
Or, maybe in future we'll watch the new era of Troll. No more Vampire anymore la.. dah basi. muhuhuh..
p/s: Happy Mother's day to mommies all over the world. Special entry coming up tomorrow!


Nowadays a role model can be anyone and anything. A role model used to be parents or community figures like a pastor, but consumerism and popular culture make idols out of a lot of things, perhaps athletes or types of artists and maybe even drugs.
The point here is role models influence how we act and who we want to be, and individual preference selects the person or thing to absorb.
Find importance on this topic of influence in regards to "Role Model," a musician from Maine. He speaks beautifully about respecting the valuable opportunities life provides in his new song "Cocaine Babe."
Role Model challenges listeners to appreciate purities rather than vices.
"There's more to life than getting high... Never seen someone so dedicated to numbing their pain. Well wake up and smell the roses, baby, instead of that cocaine," he sings.
These words with Role Model's song are pertinent because people should understand what affects them affects others. If we all focus on having genuine interactions and if we admire genuine people, society's influences might come from more positive places.
Whether fans and newcomers to Role Model take his name with a grain of salt is up to them, but valuable messages in song will always find respect.


text:
package org.unitime.timetable.action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.unitime.timetable.security.SessionContext;
import org.unitime.timetable.util.AccessDeniedException;
import org.unitime.timetable.webutil.BackTracker;

/**
 *
 * @author Tomas Muller
 *
 */
@Service("/back")
public class BackAction extends Action {

	@Autowired SessionContext sessionContext;

	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        if(!sessionContext.isAuthenticated() || sessionContext.getUser().getCurrentAuthority() == null)
        	throw new AccessDeniedException();

        BackTracker.doBack(request, response);

        return null;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tatum is a town in Marlboro County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 75 at the 2010 census.

History
The Manship Farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Geography
Tatum is located at  (34.647894, -79.586403).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 69 people, 32 households, and 19 families residing in the town. The population density was 78.1 people per square mile (30.3/km2). There were 38 housing units at an average density of 43.0 per square mile (16.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 75.36% White, 15.94% African American, 1.45% Native American, 4.35% from other races, and 2.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.35% of the population.

There were 32 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $21,750, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,926. There were 12.5% of families and 8.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 21.1% of those over 64.

References

Towns in Marlboro County, South Carolina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This class is a beginner class. It is designed for new drivers to get into and be able to have a good racing and learning experience for as little costs as possible. We do not want professional or experienced drivers competing in this class. East Bay Raceway Park reserves the right to not allow an experienced driver to compete in this class.
All drivers ages 14-17 will be required to have an SFI-38.1 approved head and neck restraint system in place and fully operational at all times that they are on the racing surface at EAST BAY RACEWAY PARK.
This will be mandatory for all racers under the age of 18.
It is not mandatory for anyone 18 or above, but it is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED for them as well.
This class is a swap claimer class. In order to keep costs down on all cars, any driver having competed in the class for a minimum of 6 race events will be allowed to claim any car finishing ahead of them. The claiming driver must also have finished on the lead lap of event winner. The claim will be a swap/claim for $1200. The driver wishing to swap cars must take $1200 cash to head flagman on front straight immediately following completion of feature event. Drivers only can make claim. Flagman will alert race director to the car being claimed and then both cars will be impounded and pushed (not driven) to tech area for swap. The drivers will swap cars after unbolting only safety items that they wish to keep. Nothing under the hood will be allowed to be unbolted.
The claim/swap rule will not be allowed to be abused. If it is felt to be abused as in personal vendettas, the claiming driver will not be allowed to claim/swap and possibly be barred from further participation in the class. We just want to keep this class under control to keep costs down and keep the enjoyment levels up.
ANY DRIVER WINNING A FEATURE EVENT, WILL BE REQUIRED TO START THE NEXT EVENT THEY COMPETE IN FROM THE REAR OF THE FIELD IN HEAT AND FEATURE EVENT.
ALL DRIVERS must furnish tech manual or copy of tech manual for make and model and engine being used. DRIVER has until third night of competition to furnish to East Bay Raceway Park head Tech man.
If Driver does not furnish tech manual or copy of tech manual by third night of competition, he will not be eligible to receive any points or monies for any events that he competes in.
Any 4-cylinder front wheel drive car with a maximum wheel base of 106" and a completely stock, unaltered frame and suspension, with the following exceptions are legal.
NO sports cars, high performance or limited production vehicles.
NO rotary, turbo-charged or super-charged engines.
NO bracing anywhere except inside the drivers compartment.
All dash and steering panels must remain stock and unaltered for that make and model of car.
All insulation under the hood and trunk must be removed.
All glass and lights must be removed. All loose materials, broken glass must be removed from car.
All airbags, if equipped, must be disarmed, discharged or removed completely.
Dual overhead cam engines are allowed.
All parts on car should be stock as supplied by manufacturer unless otherwise specified in rules.
Any alterations or modifications of car other than stock as supplied by manufacturer will be subject to disqualification.
Any additional weight or lead added for handling purposes is subject to disqualification.
Any lead added to make weight rule must be added on right side between door bars. Must be painted white with car number legible on it. Any lead under 25 lbs, minimum one 1/2" bolt with washers and lock nuts. Any lead weighing more than 25 lbs. Must have two 1/2" bolts with washers and lock nuts. Any added weight must approved by head tech man.
OEM Stock bumpers or maximum 1 3/4 inch x .095 tubing bumper plus one(1) loop bar above bumper maximum twenty-four(24) inches wide by six(6) inches high.
All bumpers must be turned back towards frame rails and have no sharp or blunt edges exposed.
Any car with an engine 2.0 liters or above must weigh a minimum 2400 lbs.
Any car with an engine 1.9 liters or less must weigh a minimum 2200 lbs.
2. Stock, unaltered carburetor/fuel injection system for that make and model of car.
Stock, unaltered transmission/ trans-axle for that make and model of car.
Battery must be secured inside of car and covered from driver.
Only one 12 volt battery per car.
Battery disconnect switch recommended to be mounted behind drivers seat with access by track officials.
Stock, unaltered rear end for that make and model of car.
Passenger tires ONLY. Wheel size and tires must be of like size on all 4 tires. (NO mixing of wheel or tire sizes on car.).
ALL CARS MUST BE EQUIPPED WITH 1" LUG NUTS ON ALL FOUR WHEELS.
Tire sizes: 13" tires may be no larger than 185-70-13.
14" tires may be no larger than 195-70-14.
Wheels may be racing wheels or double plated and use larger lug nuts.
Maximum of 3 degrees camber is allowed in front end or rear end.
DOT tires only as used on street. No Mud tires, snow tires or high performance tires.
NO GROOVING OR SIPING OF TIRES ALLOWED.
NO SOFTENING OR TREATING OF TIRES IN ANY MANNER.
Gas tank: If stock gas tank is ahead of rear axle, it may remain in place.
If stock gas tank is behind rear axle, it must be replaced with an approved fuel cell or boat tank (maximum of 8 gallons).
Fuel cell/boat tank must be securely mounted and located in front of trunk area. MUST be mounted in a steel box with a minimum of two 1" straps securely holding in place.
Must have a suitable firewall between driver's area and tank.
If car not equipped with a factory shut off valve/switch, a fuel cutoff valve/ switch must be mounted within reach of driver, safety crew and track officials.
Handle of cutoff valve/switch must be painted red and legibly marked FUEL CUTOFF.
Roll bars are Mandatory: 4 point roll cage with two mounting points in front of driver and two behind driver. Drivers cage should be width of interior of car.
Driver's side minimum of two horizontal crash bars should be installed connecting the down bars of the roll cage to the main loop around driver. To protect driver from bottom of cage caving in a side impact.
Two(2) down tubes from main rear hoop to rear frame will be allowed.
These down tubes are not allowed to attach to the spring or strut towers. They must be mounted to frame behind towers.
If you have questions, ASK tech personnel.
9. Driver's door must be welded, bolted or chained shut. Driver side door plate is mandatory.
10. Helmets: Approved (SNELL 2000 or newer).
11. Race type seat belts (5 point harness minimum).
A full double layer approved fire suit is mandatory.
Fire safety gloves and a neck brace are mandatory.
Fire extinguisher in reach of driver is mandatory.
Full window screen, minimum 1" x 2" is mandatory.
12. Driver floor pan must be complete and complete width of car. NO holes.
MUFFLERS: All cars must have a stock, unaltered or OEM stock replacement muffler.
All cars are also subject to passing sound meter level of 98 dbl. or less.
NO CHERRY BOMB OR HIGH PERFORMANCE MUFFLERS OR EXHAUST SYSTEMS ALLOWED.
All cars are subject to a minimum inspection at any time. It is the responsibility of the driver to prepare and maintain a proper and safe racing vehicle.
DRIVER, IS REQUIRED TO REPAIR BEFORE NEXT EVENT.
16/ East Bay Raceway Park reserves the right to claim any car at any time. The claiming amount is $1200. Safety equipment will be unbolted and returned to owner.
NO suggestive or offensive language, symbols or numbers allowed on cars.


Indiana Eye Doctors is the local eye doctor to see for all of your eye care needs in Carmel, IN. As your local Carmel optometrist, Indiana Eye Doctors can help diagnose, treat, and detect subtle changes in your eyes year over year. Come visit our offices at 2007 E Greyhound Pass Carmel, IN 46032 and let us help you see and look your best. Our doctors are here to provide the professional eye care near you, to guarantee you have the clearest vision. Call today to schedule an appointment for your annual eye exam.