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What is France known for?
professors is a fundamental principle recognized by the laws of the Republic, as defined by the Constitutional Council (Constitutional Council of France); furthermore, statute law declares about higher education that "teachers-researchers (university professors and assistant professors), researchers and teachers are fully independent and enjoy full freedom of speech in the course of their research and teaching activities, provided they respect, following university traditions and the dispositions of this code, principles of tolerance and objectivity." French Education Code, L952-2. The nomination and promotion of professors is largely done through a process of peer review rather than through normal administrative procedures. History The term "lawn" derives from "Laon", a city in France, which produced large quantities of linen lawn. '''Pierre Athanase Marie Plantard ''' (18 March 1920 – 3 February 2000) was a French (France) draughtsman (technical drawing), Jean-Luc Chaumeil, "Les Archives du Prieuré de Sion" (''Le Charivari'', N°18, 1973) best known for being the principal perpetrator of the Priory of Sion hoax, by which he claimed from the 1960s onwards that he was a Merovingian descendant of Dagobert II and the "Great Monarch (Great Catholic Monarch)" prophesied by Nostradamus. Marie-France Etchegoin & Frédéric Lenoir, ''Code Da Vinci: L'Enquête'', p.61 (Robert Laffont, 2004). Today in France he is commonly regarded as a mystificator (Deception). ''L'ABC de RLC – l'Encyclopédie de Rennes-le-Château'', page 180: "Personnage emblématique de l'affaire de Rennes-le-Château, éminence grise et co-auteur de livres avec l'écrivain Gérard de Sède, dessinateur industriel, ésotériste et médium sous le nomen de Chyren, directeur, journaliste et gérant de la revue Circuit, mystificateur". (Marseille: Éditions Arqa, 2009). ISBN 2-7551-0031-1 Some of the most significant ship model basins are the David Taylor Model Basin and the Davidson Laboratory at Stevens Institute of Technology in the United States, The High Speed Towing Tank facility at Naval Science and Technological Labs at Vizag India, The Institute for Ocean Technology in St. Johns, Canada, FORCE Technology in Lyngby, Denmark , SSPA, in Gothenburg, Sweden , the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) (MARIN (research)) in Wageningen, the Netherlands , the INSEAN in Rome, Italy, the SVA Potsdam in Potsdam , the HSVA in Hamburg , Germany, the "Bassin d'essai des carènes" in Val de Reuil France and CEHIPAR in Madrid, Spain , CTO S.A. in Gdansk, Poland In 1758, at age seventeen, he participated in the Forbes Expedition under General John Forbes (John Forbes (general)) against the French (France) at Fort Duquesne as part of the French and Indian War. He remained at Fort Pitt (Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)) after the war to engage in trade with Native Americans (Native Americans in the United States). He was captured by Lenape during Pontiac's Rebellion while trading in the west and was condemned to be burnt, but escaped death when he was adopted by an old Indian woman whose son had died in battle. He remained with the Lenape tribe for some time. Later Gibson was freed as a result of the Boquet Expedition. Earl P. Olmstead. ''David Zeisberger: A Life Among the Indians''. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1997) p. 394-395 note 20 After this Gibson returned to being an Indian trader. He built a house at Logstown which was described as the "only house there" by David McClure. Hanna. ''Wilderness Trail''. p. 380 Gibson married a relative of Mingo leader Logan and also learned to speak the Mingo language. According to Gugin, Gibson's wife was Logan's sister. (Gugin, p. 28) Gibson's wife and several other Mingo were murdered by a group of settlers in May 1774. Woolen, p. 11 Gibson's daughter survived this incident, and was put into his care and he saw to her education. Charles Augustus Hanna. ''The Wilderness Trail'' (1911) Vol. 1, p. 381 In 1774, he participated in Dunmore's War and produced a written translation of Logan's famous speech (Logan's Lament) suing for peace: "I appeal to any white man to say if he ever entered Logan's cabin hungry and he gave him not meat. . . . " Woollen, p. 12 Mungo Jerry's hits continued through to 1976 with "Open Up" (Top Twenty in Europe); "Alright Alright Alright" (a rewrite of an old French (France) hit for Jacques Dutronc, and again a major hit worldwide reaching the Top 3 in the UK); "Wild Love"; "Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black"; "Hello Nadine" (European hit and Top Five in Canada); and "It's a Secret" (European hit). No chart (record chart) hit has had more than 13 words in the title, so "You Don't Have to be in The Army To Fight in The War" gave Mungo Jerry one more little souvenir of their hit-making days. Special honors He was a member of the Russian and Soviet (Soviet Union) national aerobatic flying teams, and was Champion of Moscow in 1983, and Champion of the Soviet Union in 1986. For his space flight experience, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin, the French (France) title of Officier de la Légion d'Honneur (Légion d'honneur), and the new title of Hero of the Russian Federation. He also has been awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal (1994, 1998). The League's greatest extent was from 28 September 1934 (when Ecuador joined) to 23 February 1935 (when Paraguay withdrew) with 58 members. At this time, only Costa Rica (22 January 1925), Brazil (14 June 1926), the Empire of Japan (27 March 1933) and Germany (19 September 1933) had withdrawn and only Egypt was left to join (on the 26 May 1937). The members (listed from earliest joining and alphabetically if they joined on the same day) at this time were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, the British Empire, Canada, Chile, the Republic of China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India (British Raj), Italy, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia Iran, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Union of South Africa, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Venezuela, Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Luxembourg, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland (Irish Free State), Ethiopia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Turkey, Iraq, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Afghanistan and Ecuador. '''François Bérenger Saunière''' (11 April 1852 – 22 January 1917) was a Roman Catholic priest (Priesthood (Catholic Church)) in the French (France) village of Rennes-le-Château, in the Aude region, officially from 1885 until he was transferred to another village in 1909 by his bishop, a nomination he declined and subsequently resigned. From 1909 until his death in 1917 he was a non-stipendiary Free Priest (an independent priest without a parish, who did not receive any salary from the church because of suspension), and who from 1910 celebrated the Catholic Ritual of the Mass (Mass (liturgy)) in an altar constructed in a special conservatory by his Villa Bethania. Saunière's refusal to leave Rennes-le-Château to continue his priesthood in another parish incurred permanent suspension. Letter from Canon Huguet to Bérenger Saunière dated 22 January 1917, reproduced in contributions by Abbé Bruno de Monts published in ''Les Cahiers de Rennes-le-Château, Archives – Documents – Études'', Number 11 (Éditions Bélisane, 1996). ISBN 2-910730-12-3 The epitaph on Saunière's original 1917 gravestone read "priest of Rennes-le-Château 1885-1917". In pre-revolutionary France , the president of a ''Parlement'' evolved into a powerful magistrate, a member of the so-called ''noblesse de robe'' ("nobility of the gown"), with considerable judicial as well as administrative authority. The name referred to his primary role of presiding over trials and other hearings. In the 17th and 18th centuries, seats in the ''Parlements,'' including presidencies, became effectively hereditary, since the holder of the office could ensure that it would pass to an heir by paying the crown a special tax known as the ''paulette (paulette (tax))''. The post of "first president" (''premier président''), however, could only be held by the King (King of France)'s nominees. The ''Parlements'' were abolished by the French Revolution. In modern France the chief judge of a court is known as its president (''président de la cour''). Pioneers of aerial archaeology include Roger Agache (:fr:Roger Agache) in Northern France, Antoine Poidebard in Syria, L W B Rees (Lionel Rees) in Jordan O. G. S. Crawford in England and c1913, Sir Henry Wellcome in the Sudan. Appointed as coach of the Argentine national team to replace Alfio Basile, Passarella was coach during the qualification games for the 1998 World Cup (Football World Cup 1998) and during the competition itself, which was held in France. Passarella held to close friend Américo Gallego as assistant coach. Argentina's performances never reached the expected heights, and the team was eliminated in the quarter-finals after a last minute 2–1 defeat to the Netherlands (Netherlands national football team). After the elimination, Passarella left the post and was replaced by Marcelo Bielsa. He also played for the French (France) Racing Club de Paris (''Matra Racing Paris'' at the time), Olympique de Marseille, and the Italian (Italy) teams Cagliari (Cagliari Calcio) and Torino (Torino F.C.). Monaco After retiring as a player, he went into football management. He was the head coach of Monaco (AS Monaco FC) in France's (France) Ligue 1, leading Monaco (AS Monaco FC) to the Coupe de la Ligue title (Coupe de la Ligue) in 2003 (2003 Coupe de la Ligue Final) and to its first UEFA Champions League (2003–04 UEFA Champions League) final in 2004 (2004 UEFA Champions League Final). He resigned on 19 September 2005 after a poor start to the season, and disagreement with club's president. - 1. October 11, 1989 Parc des Princes, Paris, France Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
Greatest Movie Songs (album) All Time Greatest Movie Songs '', released by Sony in 1999. It was also featured after the end credits of the VHS release of "Men in Black". It was also covered by Forever the Sickest Kids for the compilation album ''Punk Goes Crunk'' & by Alvin and the Chipmunks for the album ''The A-Files: Alien Songs''. An instrumental version plays over the end credits in ''Men in Black: The Series''. Lafayette Square '''Lafayette Square''' is a seven-acre (30,000 m²) public park located directly north of the White House on H Street, bounded by Jackson Place on the west, Madison Place on the east, and Pennsylvania Avenue. The square and the surrounding structures were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1970. Planned as part of the pleasure grounds surrounding the Executive Mansion, this square was originally called "President's Park", which is now the name of the larger National Park Service unit. The park was separated from the White House grounds in 1804, when President Thomas Jefferson had Pennsylvania Avenue cut through. In 1824, the park was officially renamed in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette (Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette), the Frenchman (France) who fought in the American Revolutionary War. thumb left Aerial view of Lafayette Square (foreground). (File:Aerial view of Lafayette Park.jpg) Loughnane was on holidays in France when the media storm erupted. He agreed to be interviewed by local radio station Clare FM from his holiday destination. Loughnane was asked to confirm if the character he had imagined shooting was Fr. Harry Bohan. Refusing to confirm or deny, Loughnane accused "this character" of being "insanely jealous of Clare's success" during his tenure, adding: "I would regard (him) as the man, hurling-wise, who was the greatest failure ever in the history of Clare hurling." Bohan was manager of the Clare team in the late 70s when it was widely perceived that that Clare team, which included Ger Loughnane, left at least one All-Ireland after them. He also hit out at another award recipient (widely believed to be top Croke Park official Sean Ó Laoire) describing him as "a traitor to the county" for his role in the Jimmy Cooney early-whistle affair in 1998, which denied Clare a crack at a third All-Ireland in four years. In the same interview, Loughnane also suggested that the ''Clare Champion'' newspaper, co-sponsors of the awards, were hostile to him because they did not obtain rights to print exclusive extracts from his autobiography, 'Raising the Banner', before it was published five years previously. thumb right Louis Roederer company headquarters (Image:Cour intérieure Louis Roederer.jpg) '''Louis Roederer''' is a producer of champagne (Champagne (wine)) based in Reims, France. Founded in 1776, it was inherited and renamed by Louis Roederer in 1833, and is noted as the producer of the luxury champagne Cristal (Cristal (wine)). Lisa Fittko's life was formed in her work in the underground resistance of Nazi-occupied Europe. She came to international recognition over forty years later through her two widely-translated memoirs, in which she describes her actions (considered inspirational by many who read about them) in the voice of a fearless young woman, a bohemian, an activist. It is, however, a voice altogether lacking in self-glorification or self-pitying victimization. Her bravery in leading refugees, including many famous intellectuals and members of the anti-Hitler resistance from Nazi-occupied France across the Pyrenees into Spain, brought her international fame. In the period between 1869 and 1875, with the founding of the new Hungarian political system, the Hungarians chose to style their economic system under a French (France) model. The problem they encountered was that their current political system was more advanced in comparison to their archaic economic system. For example, taxation of the people came in the form of quasi-military campaigns that only raised taxes by 11% (Janos 106), while it embittered the rural population. Thus, these 6 years were known as a period of poor management of the economy by a failing government. When Tisza came to power in 1875, he consolidated the economy in many ways similar to his power consolidation of the government. He initiated taxation reforms that saved the state from bankruptcy. In 1887, Sándor Wekerle became the Minister of Finance. He worked with Tisza to develop a new tax system that focused on the taxation of land. The successes of these reforms were tremendous, even though the land tax increased by 30%, the revenues of the government increased by 330% (Janos 108). Between 1880 and 1895, public revenue doubled due to the successful tax reforms. Though the Tisza-Wekerle system saved the government from bankruptcy, the tax system proved to be too harsh and eventually prevented the rise of a domestic market for the products produced by Hungary. '''Anne-Marie David''' (born 23 May 1952, Arles, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France) is a French (French people) singer. She represented two different countries at the Eurovision Song Contest. He was a member of the former Union for French Democracy, which was part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and as a deputy for the south-west (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France, he chairs the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs), a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (European Parliament Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs) and a member of the delegation to the EU (European Union)–Romania Joint Parliamentary Committee, from 2004 to 2009. '''Anne Laperrouze''' (born 4 July 1956 in Puylaurens, Tarn (Tarn (department))) is a French politician (Politics of France) and Member of the European Parliament for the south-west (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. She was a member of the Union for French Democracy and is a member of DEMocrate MOvement(MODEM), which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (European Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy). '''Claire Gibault''' (born 31 October 1945 in Le Mans) is a French (France) conductor (conducting) and politician (Politics of France) and a Member of the European Parliament for the south-east (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. She is a member of the Union for French Democracy, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education (European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education) and its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (European Parliament Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality). '''Claire Gibault''' (born 31 October 1945 in Le Mans) is a French (France) conductor (conducting) and politician (Politics of France) and a Member of the European Parliament for the south-east (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. She is a member of the Union for French Democracy, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education (European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education) and its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (European Parliament Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality). '''Lydia Schenardi''' (born 27 June 1952 in Montreuil (Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis), Seine-Saint-Denis) is a French politician (Politics of France) and Member of the European Parliament for the south-east (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. She is a member of the Front National (National Front (France)), and is therefore a Non-Inscrit (Non-Inscrits) in the European Parliament. She sits on its Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. '''Jean-Claude Martinez''' (born 30 July 1945 in Sète, Hérault) is a French politician (Politics of France) and Member of the European Parliament for the south-west (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. He was a member of the Front National (National Front (France)), and was among the ''Non-Inscrit''s until the 2007 formation of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty Group in the European Parliament. He sits on its Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development (European Parliament Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development). '''Fernand Le Rachinel''' (born 4 June 1942 in Gourfaleur, Manche) is a French politician (Politics of France) and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. He is a member of the Front National (National Front (France)), and is therefore a Non-Inscrit (Non-Inscrits) in the European Parliament. He sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism. '''Jacky Hénin''' (born 12 November 1960 in Douai) is a French politician (Politics of France) and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west (European Parliament election, 2004 (France)#Seats) of France. He is a member of the French Communist Party, which is part of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (European United Left - Nordic Green Left) group, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade. Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
accomplishments created
French flower breeder who, among other accomplishments, created many of today's lilac varieties. As a result of his accomplishments, the term ''French lilac'' has come to mean all cultivars of the common lilac that have double flowers Lilacs the Genus Syringa by Father John Fiala , regardless of their origin. Lemoine was born at Delme, Lorraine (Lorraine (région)), France, and descended from a long line of gardeners and nurserymen. After completing college, he devoted several years to traveling and working in the leading horticultural establishments of his time, notably at that of Louis Van Houtte in Ghent, Belgium. In 1850 Lemoine established himself as a florist and gardener at Nancy (Nancy, France), France, and by 1852 the ''Revue Horticole'' mentioned Lemoine's double flowered portulaca. In 1854 Lemoine produced the first double potentilla (Gloire de Nancy), and the first streptocarpus hybrids. It was about the same period that Lemoine turned his hand to fuchsias and introduced many varieties, including the double flowered hybrid Solferino. By 1862 he had introduced a white ''Spiraea callosa'', in 1866 his ''Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora'' and the first genuine double-flowered zonal ''Pelargonium'' geraniums (Gloire de Nancy), and in 1868 the first of his hybrid weigelas. *Antefilms Production - Antefilms Production is a French (France) company that makes TV shows. It was established by Christophe Di Sabatino and Benoît Di Sabatino in 1990; *XANA Post-Production - The XANA Post-Production company is a part of MoonScoop. It does the post-production for their various shows; Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
and climaxes with the German Luftwaffe's first massed aerial assault on London on 7 September 1940. :When the series was screened on Network Seven in Australia in 1990, the original run-time of over 5 hours was shortened to less than 4 hrs so it could be shown in two 2hr episodes (plus commercials). In order to condense the series, a considerable amount of footage was cut, mostly from scenes on the ground including some entire scenes such as when Chris Hart invites one of the ground-crew LAC Todd
and Thomas as a soldier. '''''The Impossible Voyage''''' (French (French language): Voyage à travers l'impossible) is a 1904 silent film (produced by Star Film, France) by pioneer filmmaker Georges Méliès. The film's run time is about 24 minutes (about five times the length of the average film at that time), and was probably inspired by Melies' successful earlier film A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans la Lune). It is loosely based on Jules Verne's play "Voyage à
game+online
and Germany, each one beginning with a jump behind enemy lines. ''Airborne'' also features a multiplayer mode available for online play (online game), where users have the choice of fighting for the Allies (Allies of World War II) and parachuting down to the battlefield, or fighting for the Axis (Axis powers of World War II) and starting on the ground, defending the position from enemy paratroopers. '''Ridan''', real name '''Nadir Kouidri''' (born 1975 in France), is a French singer
dramatic news
Life (as well as other sporting papers). Robert Innes-Smith, "James Wentworth Day", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry He edited the ''Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News''. He also became personal assistant to Lucy, Lady Houston and for a time shared some of her extreme ideas in supporting Benito Mussolini, although he was highly suspicious of Adolf Hitler. Innes-Smith, op cit He became a propaganda
high buildings
outside the shipyard, in high buildings such as Zieleniak and the hills of Góra Gradowa (Góra Gradowa (Gdańsk)). Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
light publications
in Canada, Inner Earth People And Outer Space People, William L. Blessing, Inner Light Publications, 2008 Edition ISBN 1606110365 Hangchow in China, Chinese ghouls and goblins, G Willoughby-Meade, Stokes co, 1929 and the Amazon Rainforest. Mysteries of Ancient South America, Harold T. Wilkins, Citadel Press., New York, 1956 The French commonly refer to "la mère Patrie" as France and are ready to die
performance debut
, an iconic Neotropic bird journal Naturwissenschaften volume 98 issue pages doi 10.1007 s00114-011-0849-1 Biography Diamanda Galás was born and raised in San Diego, California (San Diego), to Greek Orthodox (Eastern Orthodox Church) parents. She studied a wide range of musical forms before moving to Europe. She made her performance debut at the Festival d'Avignon, in France, in 1979, performing the lead in the opera ''Un Jour comme un autre'', by composer Vinko Globokar Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
composing+short
refused to support her musical studies. She studied piano with her mother at home, composing short works of her own, after which she began studying at the Paris Conservatory (Conservatoire de Paris) where she met Louis Durey, Francis Poulenc, Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric and Arthur Honegger. At the Paris Conservatory her skills were awarded with prizes in several categories. Most notably Tailleferre wrote 18 short works in the ''Petit livre de harpe de Madame Tardieu'' for Caroline Tardieu, the Conservatory's Assistant Professor of Harp. Family Layard was born in Paris, France, to a family of Huguenot descent. His father, Henry Peter John Layard, of the Ceylon Civil Service, was the son of Charles Peter Layard, Dean of Bristol, and grandson of Daniel Peter Layard, the physician. Through his mother, Marianne, daughter of Nathaniel Austen, banker, of Ramsgate (Ramsgate, Kent, England), his English descent was consolidated. His uncle was Benjamin Austen, a London solicitor and close friend of Benjamin Disraeli (Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield) in the 1820s and 1830s. His brother was the ornithologist (ornithology) Edgar Leopold Layard. Early life Much of Layard's boyhood was spent in Italy, where he received part of his schooling, and acquired a taste for the fine arts and a love of travel; but he was at school also in England, France and Switzerland. After spending nearly six years in the office of his uncle, Benjamin Austen, he was tempted to leave England for Sri Lanka (Ceylon) by the prospect of obtaining an appointment in the Civil Service, and he started in 1839 with the intention of making an overland journey across Asia. Born at Mantes-la-Ville, Yvelines, Île-de-France (Île-de-France (région)), France, he began studying the piano at the age of 11 and at age 16 went to Paris where he performed on stage, singing extracts of traditional operettas and lovesongs. Over the next few years he continued to perform his lovesongs at various concert halls and cabarets and appeared in a musical comedy in Montparnasse where he was a big hit. Historian Fernand Braudel suggests that in Cairo in the 11th century Muslim and Jewish merchants had already set up every form of trade association and had knowledge of every method of credit and payment, disproving the belief that these were invented later by Italians. In 12th century France the ''courratiers de change'' were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks. Because these men also traded with debts, they could be called the first broker (stock broker)s. In late 13th century Bruges commodity traders gathered inside the house of a man called ''Van der Beurse'', and in 1309 they became the "Bruges Beurse", institutionalizing what had been, until then, an informal meeting. The idea quickly spread around Flanders and neighboring counties and "Beurzen" soon opened in Ghent and Amsterdam. Commons:Category:France WikiPedia:France Dmoz:Regional Europe France
'''France''' ( and has a population of 66.6 million. It is a semi-presidential (Semi-presidential system) republic with its capital (Capital city) in Paris, the nation's largest city and the main cultural and commercial center. The Constitution of France establishes the country as secular (Laïcité) and democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.
During the Iron Age, what is now France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic (Celts) people. The Gauls were conquered by the Roman Empire in 51 BC, which held Gaul until 486. The Gallo-Romans faced raids and migration from the Germanic (Germanic peoples) Franks, who dominated the region for hundreds of years, eventually creating the medieval Kingdom of France. France has been a major power in Europe since the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years' War (1337 to 1453) strengthening French state-building and paving the way for a future centralized absolute monarchy. During the Renaissance (French Renaissance), France experienced a vast cultural development and established the first steps of a worldwide colonial empire (French colonial empire). The 16th century was dominated by Religious Civil Wars (French Wars of Religion) primarily fought between Catholics (Roman Catholic Church) and Protestants (Protestantism) (Huguenots).
Louis XIV made France the dominant cultural, political and military power in Europe, but by the late 18th century, the monarchy was overthrown in the French Revolution. One legacy of the revolution was the ''Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen'', one of the world's earliest documents on human rights, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France was governed as one of history's earliest Republics (French First Republic), until the Empire (First French Empire) was declared by Napoleon Bonaparte, who dominated European affairs and had a long-lasting impact on Western culture. Following his defeat, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments: an absolute monarchy was restored (Bourbon Restoration), replaced in 1830 by a constitutional monarchy (July monarchy), then briefly by a Second Republic (French Second Republic), and then by a Second Empire (Second French Empire), until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.
France's colonial empire reached the height of global prominence during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when it possessed the second-largest colonial empire (French colonial empire) in the world. In World War I, France was one of the Triple Entente powers fighting against Germany and the Central Powers. France was one of the Allied Powers (Allies of World War II) in World War II, but it was occupied (German military administration in occupied France during World War II) by Nazi Germany in 1940. Following liberation (liberation of France) in 1944, a Fourth Republic (French Fourth Republic) was established, but it was dissolved in the course of the Algerian War and replaced by the Charles de Gaulle-led French Fifth Republic. Into the 1960s decolonization saw most of the French colonial empire become independent.
Throughout its long history (History of France), France has produced many influential artists, thinkers, and scientists, and remains a prominent global center of culture. It hosts the world's fourth-largest (List of World Heritage Sites in France) number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually – the most of any country in the world. . Centre national de documentation pédagogique, "2011, ANNÉE DES OUTRE-MER"
French citizens enjoy a high standard of living, and the country performs well in international rankings (International rankings of France) of education (Education Index), health care (Health care in France), life expectancy (List of countries by life expectancy), civil liberties, and human development (Human Development Index). France is a founding member of the United Nations, where it serves as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council). It is a member of numerous international institutions, including the Group of 7 (G7), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and La Francophonie (Organisation internationale de la Francophonie). France is a founding and leading member state of the EU (member state of the European Union).


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NYMBUS Licenses NCR's D3 Digital Banking Platform
October 7, 2019 – Rapid deployment and innovation are required in today's digital banking market. Seventy-two percent of online-only bank users are now more likely to switch banks for better digital services.* NYMBUS licensed NCR's D3 Digital Banking platform (D3) to provide comprehensive digital interactions in conjunction with its SmartCore® private cloud-based core processing platform.
NCR Vision Software-as-a-Service Now in Use Around the World to Monitor and Manage ATM Fleets for Financial Institutions
October 3, 2019 – Financial institutions around the world are compelled to innovate in their self-service channels to meet ever-changing, digital-first customer behaviors. Smart, cost-efficient management of those technologies is essential to drive reliability for customers and to be able to maintain investment in innovation.
NCR Corporation Announces Upcoming Changes to its Board of Directors
September 24, 2019 - NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) today announced that Katie Burke, Senior Strategist at Edelman, and Kirk Larsen, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Black Knight, have been named to its Board of Directors. NCR intends to appoint additional independent directors to its Board prior to its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
NCR Software to Enhance Santander Customer Experience Across Santander Self Service
September 24, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology company for the banking industry, today announced that Santander U.K. recently selected NCR to deliver its enterprise ATM platform of the future and will be the first in the U.K. to offer its Interactive Banker solution to further enhance customer service.
NCR Introduces a New Addition to its Family of Cash Recycling ATMs, the NCR SelfServ™ 63
September 4, 2019 - To help financial institutions address current and future customer demands, NCR Corporation (NYSE:NCR) debuted today the SelfServTM 63, a small-footprint, cash recycling ATM. The industry's most compact cash recycling and check deposit ATM, the SelfServ 63 is built on NCR's second-generation cash recycling technology, deployed in 89 countries worldwide.
NCR Appoints David Rusate Corporate Treasurer
July 8, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology provider for the financial, retail and hospitality industries, today announced the appointment of David Rusate as Corporate Treasurer.
NCR Acquires D3 Technology
July 2, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a technology leader for the financial industry, today announced that the company has acquired D3 Technology, Inc., a leading provider of online and mobile banking for the Large Financial Institution (LFI) market.
NCR Digital Banking Transforms Customer Experience for SAFE Credit Union
May 16, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a technology leader for the financial industry, is implementing its Promotion Suite Premium tool to help create a better, more targeted digital member experience for SAFE Credit Union, a $3 billion financial institution in Sacramento, Calif.
Oman Arab Bank Introduces NFC and Transaction Personalization Options for Faster ATM Withdrawals
April 29, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology company for the financial industry, today announced that Oman Arab Bank (OAB) is the first bank in Oman to deploy Near Field Communications (NFC) contactless card-reading technology. The introduction of NFC contactless technology means OAB customers can make transactions 15 percent faster and more secure and spend less time in queues.
Provident Bank Chooses NCR for Digital Banking
April 15, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology provider for the financial industry, today announced that New Jersey-based Provident Bank has selected NCR Digital Banking to support their digital strategy for customer growth and retention.
Credit Unions Increasingly Choose NCR for Digital Banking
March 7, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology company for the financial industry, today announced new NCR Digital Banking customers as the company expands its base of credit union clients. Credit unions and community banks rely on NCR's digital banking platform to serve their customers with a differentiated digital experience.
NCR Names New Leader to Accelerate Digital Banking Growth
January 29, 2019 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global enterprise technology company, today announced that Douglas Brown is named General Manager for Digital Banking in NCR's Banking Business Unit.
NCR Successfully Completes Acquisition of JetPay Corporation
December 6, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) announced today the successful completion of its acquisition of JetPay Corporation (NASDAQ: JTPY) through a tender offer made by NCR's wholly-owned acquisition subsidiary, Orwell Acquisition Corporation, for all of the outstanding shares of JetPay.
NCR Announces Multi-Year Managed Services Agreement with Punjab National Bank
November 28, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a leader in banking and commerce solutions, today announced a new managed services agreement with Punjab National Bank (PNB), India's third largest public sector bank. The three-year agreement establishes NCR as Punjab National Bank's key services support provider for a significant part of its global network of over 3,600 ATMs.
U.S. Credit Unions Select NCR's Digital Insight™ Solutions to Improve Digital Banking
September 12, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today announced that three community financial institutions (CFIs) – California-based Parsons Federal Credit Union, Texas-based Educators Credit Union, and Arizona-based AERO Federal Credit Union – will all look to evolve their self-service experience using NCR's Digital Insight solutions.
NCR Announces New Chief Financial Officer
August 29, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE:NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today announced that following an extensive global search, Andre Fernandez has joined the company's Executive Leadership team as Chief Financial Officer, effective immediately. He succeeds Bob Fishman, who previously announced his forthcoming retirement.
NCR Extends Portfolio of Managed Services to Channel Partners
August 28, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE:NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today announced the release of its managed services bundle for Community Financial Institutions (CFIs) to NCR channel partners.
NCR Announces New Organizational Structure and Executive Appointments to Drive Growth
July 26, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) today announced a new organizational structure along with the appointment of several new executives.
Texas Tech Federal Credit Union Transforms Branches, Physical Banking Experience with NCR Technology
June 25, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today announced that Lubbock, Texas-based Texas Tech Federal Credit Union has overhauled its physical and digital customer experience using NCR's portfolio of transformative banking solutions.
NCR and Tata Consultancy Services Limited Enter into Strategic Alliance
June 19, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today announced that it has formed a strategic alliance with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), a leading global IT services, consulting and business solutions organization.
NCR Names Michael Hayford Chief Executive Officer, Frank Martire Executive Chairman, and Bill Nuti Chairman Emeritus
April 30, 2018 - NCR Corporation (NYSE:NCR) today announced that its Board of Directors has named Michael D. Hayford Chief Executive Officer and Frank R. Martire Executive Chairman. Bill Nuti, who previously announced his forthcoming retirement, will serve as Chairman Emeritus.
NCR Chairman and CEO Bill Nuti to Step Down for Health Reasons
March 22, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) today announced that Bill Nuti, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, has informed the Company's Board of Directors that he intends to step down for health reasons upon the naming of a new CEO. The Board, with the assistance of Spencer Stuart, has been conducting a thorough CEO search which is expected to be completed in the next couple of months.
NCR Appoints Daniel Campbell as Executive Vice President, Global Sales
March 14, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global leader in omni- channel solutions, today announced that Daniel Campbell has joined the company as Executive Vice President of Global Sales.
NCR Launches Select Edition Small Footprint ATMs for Remote, Underserved Locations
February 8, 2018 – NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR), a global leader in omni-channel solutions, today unveiled its SelfServ™ Select Edition (SE) Cash and SE Recycle ATMs, that will help financial institutions (FIs) to expand their reach and serve the more than 19% unbanked population in India.

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Innovative & collaborative Council, supportive & fun team, wellbeing programs, monthly ADO & more!
Located along the banks of the Yarra and situated just 7kms from Melbourne's CBD, the City of Stonnington covers a vibrant and diverse municipality including inner city Prahran, South Yarra, Windsor, and the leafy green suburbs of Armadale, Malvern and Toorak. Stonnington has an enviable record as an innovative and progressive Council, striving on making a positive difference to those in the municipality.
Be part of that positive difference as an Environmental Education Officer within our cohesive and creative Sustainable Environment Management unit, located at the Stonnington Depot. As part of this team, you'll identify, develop and implement environmental programs and events for both Council staff and the wider community to achieve the objectives of Council's Sustainable Environment Strategy. You'll also lead the development and delivery of the Sustainable Schools and Sustainability in Early Education programs, supporting schools and early learning centres to integrate sustainability into the curriculum.
To succeed in this position, you'll need strong communication skills to present to a diverse range of audiences, develop engaging communication materials and liaise with a range of stakeholders including school students, community groups and local businesses. With knowledge of the Australian Curriculum, school operations and theories of behavioural change, you'll have the demonstrated ability to implement behavioural change programs within various sectors of the community. Additionally, you'll have great customer service skills to service Council and the community and have the ability to positively contribute to this fun and supportive team.
The City of Stonnington has a strong commitment to providing a culture where employee health, wellbeing and development are a priority. As well as regular learning and development opportunities, you'll also have access to some fantastic benefits including participation in our award nominated Wellbeing Program with discounted gym and aquatic memberships, regular health checks and exercise programs, wellbeing events and more! Additionally you'll have a work life balance, receive annual leave loading, a monthly accrued day off, priority access to Council managed childcare facilities and maternal child health and immunisation services and work for an organisation with a dedicated Green Team.
For position related queries, please contact Jane Spence on Ph: 82902061.


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Joel Corry - Sorry
Jessie J joins The Voice Australia!
Jessie J is back on The Voice... in Australia.
The 'Sweet Talker' singer has officially taken over from Kylie Minogue on the judging panel alongside Ricky Martin, Delta Goodrem, Cameron Diaz's new husband Joel Madden and his brother Benji!
Speaking about the show she said "I love Australia, I can't wait to see what voices I'l discover".
Jessie reprises her role on The Voice after appearing as a judge on the first series of the UK version of the show.
Here is the promo photo that Jessie posted on her Instagram page earlier!
2015 is going to be FUN!
A460 Uxbridge Street and Rugeley Road - Hednesford, Staffordshire
Foxy & Matilda playing Joel Corry - Sorry


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UPDATE: Search Ends After Boat Sinks Overnight in Haiku
May 4, 2012, 5:58 AM HST
* Updated May 4, 8:06 AM
By Wendy Osher
(Update: 6:49 a.m. 5/4/12)
Coast guard and fire department crews on Maui ended an ocean search and rescue after a boy, reported missing overnight, made his way to shore safely.
The search was initiated at 3:41 a.m. when a report was made of a fishing boat that sunk about a mile off of Pauwela point in Haiku.
The caller, who was also aboard the vessel when the incident occurred, swam to shore and made his way to a location on Nahele Road to a home where he reported the incident.
ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW AD
The boy, who had been missing for more than four hours was located, and the search was called off at 6:30 a.m. Fire officials say no medical care was needed.
(Posted: 5:58 a.m. 5/4/12)
Rescue crews remain on the scene were they were called to assist in an early morning ocean search in Haiku.
The search was launched following reports of a fishing boat that sunk about a mile off of Pauwela, and an individual aboard who had been missing for four hours.
Fire crews from Engine-2 and Rescue-10 responded to the incident at 3:41 a.m.
Also assisting in the search is the department's air one helicopter, along with a Coast Guard helicopter and Maalaea Coast Guard crew.
The search was launched when the caller swam to shore and made his way to the first home on Nahele Road, where he reported the incident.
Mariners Rescued, Sail Boat Sinks off Molokini May 17, 2018
Overnight Government Shutdown Ends February 9, 2018
Boat Grounded at Hale o Lono, Freed Overnight February 5, 2020
MPD: Barricade Situation in Pāʻia Ends After Man… August 2, 2020
Latest Turtle Hit by Boat is Euthanized; 22 Boat… December 11, 2020
St Anthony Church Vandalized Overnight After Easter April 22, 2019


TROY, Mich., Feb. 20 -- INTERMET Corporation, a diversified manufacturer of cast-metal components, today announced that it has been selected as a supplier of engine cam covers for Toyota's new hybrid Camry. INTERMET's plant in Palmyra, Missouri, will die cast the magnesium cam covers for the 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid, which goes into production later this year at Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America's (TMMNA) Georgetown, Kentucky, assembly plant.
INTERMET's cam cover will be assembled to Toyota's 2.4-liter, 4-cylinder gas/electric engine, part of the automaker's exclusive Hybrid Synergy Drive(R) system, which also is offered on Prius, Lexus RX 400h and select Highlander models. INTERMET's Palmyra Plant currently manufactures the cam cover for the Camry's standard gas-powered 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine.
"We are pleased to be a supplier for this important TMMNA program," said Gary Ruff, INTERMET's President and CEO. "We see continued growth in consumer demand for automotive hybrid technology and we are proud to be working with an industry leader. Our own leadership in advanced casting materials and processes, along with our proven performance in quality and delivery, will continue to add value to Toyota's automotive products."
About INTERMET: With headquarters in Troy, Michigan, INTERMET Corporation is a leading manufacturer of powertrain, chassis/suspension and structural cast components for the automotive, commercial-vehicle and industrial markets. The company has approximately 5000 employees worldwide. More information is available on the Internet at http://www.intermet.com/ .


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Interviews of Officials
(-) A memo of a January 2003 intervew by the State Department's inspector general of consular officer Shayna Steinger, who issued 11 visas to the 9/11 hijackers. She discusses visa policy in general towards Saudi Arabia and the Visa Express programme, which she was not keen on.
Steinger says:
(1) This is only her second interview about what happened, the first being Congressional testimony. She expressed surprise at this.
(2) It did not matter that visa applications were incomplete, because Saudis were eligble for visas anyway.
(3) She did not interview most of the hijackers she issued visas to and even if she had interviewed them, she would probably have issued them with visas.
(4) She did interview Hani Hanjour, and said he seemed "middle-class" and not "well-connected." In this context she said that Saudis were not asked to provide documents to support their applications. (Note: she had previously told other investigators that Hanjour did have to provide documentation and had in fact provided it).
(5) She criticized the other consular officer issuing visas David El-Hinn for a high refusal rate.
(6) After 9/11 she wrote a cable saying that nothing had changed at the consulate in Jeddah, and was criticised for this after it was leaked to the press (apparently the Wall Street Journal).
(-) Another version of the same memo.
(-) A third version of the memo, this time with a table showing the times the hijackers' visas were issued. The note to the table states: "For Hanjour's second visa, the visa application shows that he applied for and was granted a student visa by the adjudicating consular officer. However, accounting to testimony by the Staff Director of the Joint Inquiry Staff on September 20, 2002, the post erroneously issued the hijacker a tourist/business visa but the Immigration and Naturalization Service recognized and corrected this error when he arrived in the United States."
(-) A memo of a December 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of a consular officer Shayna Steinger who issued at least 11 US visas to the 9/11 hijackers at the US consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Much of the memo is redacted, including the place of the interview, although it discusses US visa policy for Saudis, the operations in Jeddah and events after 9/11.
Steinger says that although she was aware of the threat environment before 9/11 she was "never aware of the level of disaffected extremism in Saudi society," and thought an attack would be carried out by Yemenis or Egyptians. Although she knew some Saudis were in al-Qaeda, it never occurred to her they might apply for US visas in Jeddah. She had no idea about suspicious indicators in terrorists' passports.
The case of Hani Hanjour is discussed and Steinger says she would not have denied him a visa even if she had known he had a change of status application pending. The other hijackers are not mentioned by name, but she says she would have issued them with visas even if she had interviewed them all.
(-) Various documents about the issue of visas to the 9/11 hijackers.
(1) Interview request no. 9 for the State Department for individuals involved in visa issuance;
(2) A brief commission e-mail about the interviews;
(3) Typed notes for an interview of consular officer Shayna Steinger, who issued multiple visas to the hijackers with handwritten annotations. The notes indicate that Mohand Alshehri had "the terrorist organization stamp," altough it is unclear what this means;
(4) Handwritten notes about what Steinger said at the interview;
(5) Another set of handwritten notes about the interview.
(-) A memo of a February 2003 interview by the US State Department's inspector general of Robert Waller, a consular officer who issued visas to 9/11 hijackers Nawaf Alhazmi and Khalid Almihdhar in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He says he does not recall whether he interviewed the two of them or not. If he did not interview them, then an interview may not have resulted in them being refused a visa. 9/11 hijacker Salem Alhazmi was issued a visa at the same time and place, but there is no mention of him in the memo.
(-) Another version of the same memo with different redactions.
(-) A memo of an October 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of a former official at the US consulate in Jeddah. He was there when the consulate issued several visas to the 9/11 hijackers. The officer discussed the issuance of visas in Jeddah, the Visa Express program and visa fraud.
According to the memo, "there was a program for interviewing people in Jeddah that he did not want to discuss." The commission asked somebody else about this program, but the name is redacted.
(-) Various documents about the issue of US visas to the 9/11 hijackers in Jeddah.
A memo of an October 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of a consular officer who served at the US consulate in Jeddah until July 2000, apparently Robert Waller. Waller issued visas to at least two 9/11 hijackers, Khalid Almihdhar and Nawaf Alhazmi, but the unredacted sections of the memo do not mention this. The memo describes the consular section at the Jeddah embassy and US visa policy in Saudi Arabia. He says that on one occasion Ambassador Wyche Fowler stormed into the consular section and demanded he issue a US visa to the servant of a Saudi diplomat.
Also two sets of hand-written notes about the interview. The first set of notes state that before going to Saudi Arabia, Waller received a briefing at the CIA, although he did not remember much of it. In addition, he said he thought the computer system would display a visa applicant's prior visas.
Also Interview Request No. 9 from the commission to the State Department, for the interviews of 14 people linked to Jeddah.
Finally, a sketch of the visa issue section in Jeddah.
(-) A memo of a February 2003 interview by the State Department's inspector general of a consular officer who issued a visa to 9/11 hijacker Hani Hanjour in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 1997. She does not recall much about issuing the visa.
(-) Another version of the same memo with slightly different redactions.
(-) A 10-page memo of a 2004 9/11 Commission interview of the consular official who issued a US visa to 9/11 hijacker pilot Hani Hanjour in Jeddah in 1997. The officer was unsure why the application survived until 9/11, as old visa applications were routinely destroyed at the post. She suggested it might have survived because somebody had pulled it later when Hanjour applied for another visa. An additional question stamped on to the visa application form about whether Hanjour was a member of a terrorist organization was not answered, but this was apparently no bar to issuing the visa. The officer also said it was not unusual to ask "another agency," presumably the CIA, to look into an applicant's background.
(-) A memo of a January 2003 interview by the US State Department's inspector general of David El Hinn, a consular officer at the US consulate in Jeddah at the time it issued multiple visas to the 9/11 hijackers. El Hinn discusses US visa policy for Saudis. He also says that the reason the other consular officer, Shayna Steinger, processed the hijackers' visas was because he was an Arabic speaker, so he dealt with third country nationals, whereas she could not speak Arabic, so she dealt with Saudis, who did not need interviews for tourist/business visas (note: Steinger said that she could speak Arabic, but not that well).
El Hinn denied a relatively high number of applications, but says this is because he dealt with visa applicants that were not so good. He says he got into trouble with management not for his generally high refusal rate, but for refusing visas to Saudis.
El Hinn says: "We were issuing visas to people who, if you just covered the 'nationality' block on the application form with your thumb, we would deny in any other country." He adds that a person whose name was redacted, possibly Steinger, was unwilling to disagree with Consul General Richard Baltimore on visas. He also says that Ambassador Wyche Fowler threw his weight around on bad visa cases and pointed to a memo drafted by a former Jeddah official, possible Robert Waller, that outlines a particularly egregious case.
(-) A memo of an October 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of a consular officer who served at the US consulate in Jeddah until July 2000, apparently Robert Waller. Waller issued visas to at least two 9/11 hijackers, Khalid Almihdhar and Nawaf Alhazmi, but the unredacted sections of the memo do not mention this. The memo describes the consular section at the Jeddah embassy and US visa policy in Saudi Arabia. He says that on one occasion Ambassador Wyche Fowler stormed into the consular section and demanded he issue a US visa to the servant of a Saudi diplomat.
(-) A memo of a December 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of Richard Baltimore, consul general at the US consulate in Jeddah at the time it issued multiple visas to the 9/11 hijackers. Baltimore discusses his general duties, the position of Jeddah and the Visa Express system.
The memo says that Baltimore "was never told of a terrorist threat posed to the United States from Saudis, nor did he recall being told about jihadist activities of Saudis."
The memo also says that it is not a full description of what Baltimore told the commission and readers should refer to handwritten notes of the interview for classified material.
He recalled an incident where Ambassador Wyche Fowler threw his weight around to get a visa issued to an unqualified applicant, apparently a servant of a powerful Saudi.
After 9/11, the consulate collected the paperwork for the visas it had issued to the terrorists for the various investigating agencies: consular affairs; the FBI; and another agency whose name is redacted.
After leaving Jeddah, Baltimore became Ambassador to Oman.
(-) A memo of an interview by the State Department's inspector general of Miguel Ordonez, the Consular Section Chief at the US Consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from August 2001. The consulate previously issued multiple visas to the 9/11 hijackers. Ordonez calls Shayna Steinger, the official who issued most of the visas, a "good, hardworking officer." The memo states Ordonez's opinions were confirmed by two foreign service nationals in Jeddah, Maha Adra and Azzam Yayha.
(-) A 6-page memo of a 9/11 Commission interview of Thomas Furey, consul general in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in the run-up to 9/11. The memo discusses the reasons for the implementation of the Visa Express program and the issue of visas to the 9/11 hijackers. Furey says he did not know Saudis could be a security risk before 9/11.
(-) A memo of a January 2003 intervew by the State Department's inspector general of Thomas Furey, who was consular section chief at the US embassy in Riyadh in the run-up to 9/11. Furey says that the numerous visas issued to the 9/11 hijackers in Saudi Arabia were issued in accordance with the rules, and that he introduced the Visa Express programme to deal with problems he found at the post, based on his previous experience in Mexico.
(-) A memo of an October 2003 interview by the 9/11 Commission of Carl Cockburn, consular section chief at the US Consulate in Jeddah from August 1998 to August 2000. Cockburn says that there was some political pressure to issue visas and recalls receiving a memo about Ambassador Wyche Fowler trying to influence a visa issuance. Sometimes the consulate issued visas to people it thought were religious extremists, but sometimes they were denied visas. He was well aware that Osama bin Laden came from Saudi Arabia and they would sometimes get watchlist hits.
(-) A cable from the US consulate in Jeddah praising the Visa Express program. Presumably, the cable was drafted around August 2001. The cable appears to be a draft and there are some sections that have handwritten notes. A phrase that says the system created an "inherent bias to issue" is crossed out.
(-) An unredacted copy of interview request no. 9 for the State Department. The names Shayna Steinger and Robert Waller, consular officers who issued visas to the 9/11 hijackers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, are usually redacted in copies of this document, but are spelt wrongly here and are not redacted.
Also a 9/11 Commission e-mail about the interview request.
(-) A undated, unsigned memo proposing alterations to the implementation of the Visa Express program in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Other documentation indicates that the memo was drafted by Jeddah Consular Section Chief Miguel Ordonez shortly after 9/11.
(-) A dated version of the same memo.
(-) An August 2001 cable from the US embassy in Riyadh to the State Department in Washington praising the Visa Express program the embassy had recently implemented at some length. Four 9/11 hijackers entered the US under the program.
(-) Another version of the same cable.
(-) A table showing visas issued to the 9/11 hijackers prepared by the 9/11 Commission.
(-) An undated, unsigned State Department memo about findings of an investigation at the US consulate in Jeddah, which issued multiple visas to the 9/11 hijackers. The memo says that people at the consulate feel betrayed by the department, it is understaffed and it is not receiving all the cables it should.
(-) The 9/11 Commission's staff statement number 1 about the issue of US visas to the 9/11 hijackers and their entry into the US.
(-) Two cables sent by by US facilities in Saudi Arabia. The first was sent by the US embassy in Riyadh in July 2000 and is about low-level visa fraud. The second was sent by the US consulate in Jeddah shortly after 9/11 saying that locals were cancelling plans to travel to the US. The document states that the consulate is conducting "business as usual," a statement that later became controversial when it found its way into the media. The cable has Consul General Richard Baltimore's name under it.
Also a covering letter sent with the cables when they were forwarded to the 9/11 Commission.
(-) Various documents about an investigation of the issuance of visas to the 9/11 hijackers by the State Department's inspector general.
(1) A memo from the State Department's inspector general summarising its investigation of the issuance of visas to the 9/11 hijackers, from the 9/11 Commission's files. The memo deals with issues like which of the hijackers' visa applications were destroyed, the imcompleteness of the applications, and other issues.
(2) A November 2002 letter from the inspector general to the State Department's Consular Affairs section about the start of the investigation.
(3) A November 2002 letter from the inspector general to Congressman Frank Wolf, who requested the review.
(4) A November 2002 letter from Wolf to the inspector general asking for the investigation.
(5) A list of 28 questions to be put to the consular officers who issued visas to the hijackers.
(6) A 3-page document entitled "Factors Influencing the Visa Process."
(-) An October 2002 memo inside the State Department's office of the inspector general from the 9/11 Commission's files. The memo sets out a "message agreement" about survey of visa operations the office is conducting, as well as details of the survey and preliminary results.
(-) A December 2002 notification from the State Department's inspector general that it is to conduct a review of the issuance of visas to the 9/11 hijackers.
(-) State Department cables about consular activities in Beirut and Riyadh for 2002 from the 9/11 Commission's files.
The masterlist for all documents the History Commons has obtained and is analysing can be found here.
[…] 9/11 Commission Documents about the US Consulate in Jeddah. […]
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[…] And spend money here, of course. Perhaps anticipating a possible blow-back, a reminder from Visa Express post 9/11, the Fact Sheet adds this: "…. given that national security remains this […]
Pingback by Visas for Dollars Pilot Program Needs a Catchy Name, Just Don't Call It Visa Express, Please | Diplopundit — February 23, 2012 @ 1:40 am | Reply


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StreetGames network coach named MBE in New Year's Honours List!
StreetGames would like to offer its congratulations to James Threlfall, who was recently awarded an MBE as part of the 2019 New Year's Honours List.
James, 25 from Devizes in Wiltshire, is one of the youngest individuals to have received the award, which dates back over 100 years to its creation in 1917. Like other recipients of the prize, James was noted for his exceptional dedication to community-facing work, which he delivers as part of the Active Wiltshire project – a StreetGames network member.
A true 'self-starter', James approached the Wiltshire Council at just 15 years old, offering his services in order to create more opportunities for local skaters. Soon, James and the council had put together the Wiltshire Skate Series (now in its tenth successful year), which were followed by key contributions to The Fifth Skate Park development in Melkshamb.
A member of the StreetGames Leadership Academy, James' work had previously been recognised by the charity in 2017, when he and the council were awarded the 'Investing in Youth Leadership' prize at the StreetGames National Awards.
Commenting on this latest honour, James told the local Wiltshire Gazette & Herald: "This award was so unexpected, I didn't even know I was nominated so when it came through in the post it was rather nice […] It'll be nice to finally be able to tell everyone and celebrate!"
"I want this to be a team award as it's not just me who does this work, it is very much a team effort and I want the whole team to be able to celebrate together."
Well done James!
James (left) shows off his Streetgames Award, back in 2017
Published: 8th January, 2019


• Black Pearl finish to minimize glare.
• Double bend shaft with a full shaft offset.
• Single sightline on the back flange.
• Deep CNC milling pattern on the gives players a softer feel at impact.
• Heel-toe weighting increases MOI for adds forgiveness.