Any team or freelancer working with projects and clients needs a reliable project management app to keep all that work in order.
But, with a variety of project management apps with various features and project templates available, how do you know which one to choose? To help you with your choice, here's a complete guide to 7 best project management tools, compared: Todoist, Trello, Asana, JIRA, Basecamp, ClickUp, and Teamwork.
Todoist is essentially a task management app with project and team features that make it perfect for collaboration and project management.
The Basic plan is free, and it offers access to all available devices, for 5 users and 80 active projects, as well as SSL secured connection, recurring due dates, sub-tasks, sub-projects, and 4 levels of task priorities.
The Premium plan, available at $3 per user, per month (billed annually), offers all features from the Basic plan for 25 users and 300 active projects, but also labels, reminders, adding tasks via email, productivity charts, project templates, iCal synchronization, and more.
The Business plan, available at $5 per user, per month, per user (billed annually), offers all features from the Basic and Premium plan for 50 users and 500 active projects, but also centralized team billing, easy team management, priority support, and log-in tracking.
In the end, who's it for? Todoist is suitable for individuals teams of any size looking for an affordable app that places emphasis on handling tasks within project management.
You can easily track time in your Todoist to-dos by using Clockify extensions for Chrome and Firefox.
The Free plan offers unlimited boards (projects), cards (tasks), checklists, attachments up to 10MB, to unlimited users, as well as one power-up integration per board, and linking files from Google Drive, DropBox, and OneDrive.
The Business class plan, available at $9,99 per user, per month (when billed annually), offers all the Free plan features, but also unlimited power-up integrations, team overviews, custom board backgrounds, priority support, file attachments up to 250MB, and more.
The Enterprise plan, available at $20,83 per user, per month (when billed annually), offers all the Free plan and Business class plan features, but also extra authentication and encryption to keep data secure, personalized assistance, and priority phone and email support.
In the end, who's it for? Trello is suitable for freelancers and teams of any size who value an interactive drag & drop interface, with basic project management features.
Asana combines the list layout of Todoist and the board layout of Trello and offers you with both a drag & drop board layout and a to-do list layout, as well as a Calendar view that shows all your projects and tasks by days.
The Basic version of Asana for up to 15 users offers list, board, and calendar views of projects, due dates, assignees, and status updates.
The Premium Plan, available at $9,99 per user, per month (when billed annually), offers all the Basic features, but also timelines, custom fields, task dependencies, and other features.
The Business Plan, available at $19,99 per user, per month (when billed annually) offers all the Basic and Business features, but also the option to create Portfolios, lock custom fields, and more.
The Enterprise Plan offers everything from the previous plans, as well as data exporting options, priority support from Asana's team, customizations options, and more.
In the end, who's it for? Asana is suitable for teams who prefer to keep their work on the go, keep track of their to-dos, track their progress with tasks and projects, as well as keep on eye on deadlines.
JIRA is a robust Agile project management system with several Project Template boards and various issue tracking features.
No strictly Free Plan is available, but there's a free trial for the cloud version of the app where you can try out JIRA for free for 7 days. Another free trial is available for the server version of the app where you can try out JIRA's cloud features (and additional server features) for free for 30 days.
Cloud: up to 10 users $10/month (flat), 11+ users $7/user/month.
Server: offers single server deployment, and complete control of the JIRA environment for a one-time payment of 10$ for 10 users, and the pricing goes progressively higher as the number of users grows ($2,500 for 25 users, $8,300 for 100 users, etc.) There's also the self-managed Data Center plan, which also serves as an upgrade to the cloud plans, offers SAML 2.0 support, disaster recovery features, archived projects, and optimization for Azure deployment.
In the end, who's it for? Teams who want an app where they'll be able to tackle a number of different types of projects, and especially software development teams.
Basecamp is a project management tool that offers an easy system to manage your departments, teams, and projects, as well as schedule and track your and other team member's activities.
If you're a student or teacher, you can sign up for a free Basecamp account, and there are discounts for non-profit organizations, but no traditional Free Plan. You can, however, try out Basecamp for 30 days, for free.
Basecamp offers its features for a flat fee of $99 per month for your team, and you can then streamline your project management through messaging, real-time chats, to-do lists, schedules, and other options.
The price of the paying plan is always fixed no matter the number of people and projects – which is great for large organizations and teams.
Not a great option for small teams, as you pay $99 per month no matter whether you have 5 of 500 team members.
In the end, who's it for? Basecamp is suitable for large teams and organizations, who can benefit from its flat fee that doesn't account for the number of users. Also, teams who work with clients and need to consult with clients on a regular basis.
You can easily track time in your Basecamp to-dos by using Clockify extensions for Chrome and Firefox.
Clickup is a project management app with various customizable features, Kanban and List boards for your assignments, and team and singular Calendar views where you can track your projects and tasks by days.
The Free Plan offers 100MB of free storage for unlimited users, projects, and spaces, but with limitations to a 100 uses of certain features, such as custom fields.
The unlimited plan, available at $5 per user, per month (when billed annually), offers unlimited storage and integrations, as well as unlimited use of features, cloud storage, advanced reporting features, and unlimited custom fields, among other features. You can also add 5 free guests and use Gantt charts.
The business plan, available at $9 per user, per month (when billed annually), offers Google SSO, authentication features, and add 10 free guests.
In the end, who's it for? Clickup is suitable for teams who value customized and customizable project management features, and want to streamline a project management app to fit their needs to a T.
You can easily track time in your ClickUp tasks by using Clockify extensions for Chrome and Firefox.
Teamwork Projects is a project management app with a large number of project management features, for both the team and the clients.
The Free Forever plan offers 100MB space for files, 2 active projects, a limited selection for task boards, basic project management features, color themes, and subtasks.
The Pro plan for a minimum of 5 users, available at $9 per user, per month, offers everything you get in the free plan, but also 100GB space for files, 50 users, 300 active projects, webhooks, select integrations, and more.
The Premium Plan, for a minimum of 5 users, available at $15 per user, per month, offers everything you get in the Pro plan, but also 250GB space for files, 100 users, 600 active projects, project portfolio, SSO, authentication options, and select integrations, among other options.
The Enterprise Plan, available after contact with the Teamwork team and billed annually, offers everything you get in the Premium plan, but also more than 500 GB space for files, more than 100 users, unlimited projects, Premium support, HIPPA compliance, and extra security features.
In the end, who's it for? Teamwork Projects is suitable for mid to large teams who value a wide variety of features and universal project templates, for variable types of projects.
You can easily track time in your Teamwork tasks by using Clockify extensions for Chrome and Firefox.
Which project management tools should you use?
Todoist offers project and task management features, with a list approach to your tasks. It's the most affordable entry on the list, although it's not the richest option in terms of features.
Trello offers all basic project management features for free, with a drag & drop Kanban approach meant to help you track your project progress. You may never need to switch to a paying plan, but you also may have some difficulties tracking down your tasks within the search options of the app.
Asana offers a larger number of project management features, as well as the pick between a Kanban and List layout – so, if you're not satisfied with Todoist having only a list layout, and Trello only having a Kanban layout, Asana is your pick. Asana also offers a Calendar view, but you won't be able to enjoy these features in a desktop app.
JIRA offers a robust agile project management system, with variable Project Templates you can choose from. You won't get a classical Kanban approach with you kanban boards, but a Software development team will appreciate JIRA's approach to issue tracking.
Basecamp offers basic, but effective project management features, though a fixed fee of $99 per month will probably discourage small teams. Larger teams, however, will appreciate the user-friendly interface and simple features that lets them easily manage projects.
ClickUp offers a generous free plan with unlimited projects and users, as well as many customizable features that will draw in teams of all sized. You'll get the option to assign and track multiple users for one task, though the number of features will discourage users looking for a basic approach to project management.
Teamwork offers a universal project template fit for a number of different project types. You'll get basic and simple project management features, though teams looking for more specific features will probably consider another solution.
In the end, your choice of a project management app depends on your needs – these factors include the size of your team, whether you want basic project management features, or a variety of features, the devices you use, the type of projects you'll be working on, the task and team options you'll need, as well as your expected price/features ratio.


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CWU Members Outside Downing Street Over NHS Crisis
March and Demonstration
Saturday 3 February
Assemble: 12pm,
Gower Street Central London WC1
March to Downing Street
Rain and winds and cold weather never stops the CWU and its Branch activists when it comes to fighting back against a government that simply intends to destroy public services, and especially the National Health Service!
Today's demo was organised by the People's Assembly with tens of thousands of people attending from across the UK to march from Gower Street to Downing Street in London.
Never before since the NHS was created by a Labour government, has the service been under such attacks from the Government.
Using austerity as an excuse, it has since 2010 systematically handed the NHS over to private healthcare companies with billions of pounds of tax payer's money handed over in the form of contracts to deliver NHS services, to such companies as Virgincare, Circle Health, Carillion and Capita.
Dr Lauren Garaghan who is a NHS hospital doctor made this very clear when speaking at a Labour Party rally in defence of the NHS on 25th January:
The old smokescreen quote being spewed out of the mouths of the Tory PM Theresa May and of course Jeremy Hunt whenever NHS Privatisation is mentioned, hides their true intent!
"The NHS will remain funded by the tax-payer and be free at the point of delivery!"
But of course they are telling the truth of their intent – well sort of!
Just like the Railways, billions of pounds of tax payer's money for the NHS, will be paid out to private companies, including those from the USA following a post-brexit UK/US trade deal; to provide what was in-house NHS services.
Wholesale privatisation of UK healthcare continues slowly and surely as the public are blinded by the phase above.
Meanwhile as the 60,000 plus marchers headed to Downing Street, the BBC News channel, both on TV and on the web, ignored the outcry from the public over the Tory Government's drive down of the NHS into the hands of profiteering private healthcare providers and ignore too the outcry in the country about the current NHS Crisis.
Instead they ensured such brilliant news items as those in the pics below are covered, finally around 5:45pm giving in and reporting two very short pieces on the BBC News website and far smaller than the space given to trivia dumbed-down celebrity news.
But checking out the website an hour later – and it had all but disappeared with no direct link from any of the news pages, apart from a 1.5 minute video that didn't even headline that it was taken at the demonstration.
No mention of course of Jeremy Hunt's current re-organisation of the NHS into US-Style Accountable Care Organisations and the fragmenting of the NHS in England into 44 separate ACOs in the exact style of US Healthcare which will put control of NHS budgets and therefore health policy into the hands of private healthcare companies.
Following Brexit and the forming of a UK/US trade deal that the Government are desperate for once we leave the EU, the NHS will be part of it and will turn the NHS from a publically accountable health service, into a private health service protected from public scrutiny by 'commercial confidentiality'. Branson's latest payout after sueing the NHS for not being granted renewal of an existing contract; is a typical example of Billions being drained from NHS budgets with no responsibility to divulge the details!
In case there is any dubiety, this website has previously reported on the facts around Accountable Care Organisations, with very latest on legal; action taken against Jeremy Hunt in his role as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care.
Furthermore, the Naylor Report which talks of selling off NHS properties and land, continues to be quietly implemented by Hunt and NHS England – all behind closed doors and hidden from the scrutiny of Parliament of course!
Check out the new pages and news archive for further details.
So just how has today gone on the streets of London?
Chanting, music and plenty of humour in delivering a very stark and important message to the Government and indeed to the world as well as the people of England.
The message from the CWU attendees at today's march is quite clear:
It is time this Government stops blaming patients, nurses, doctors, immigrants, flu and the elderly for their shortcomings. It's time they start listening to the country who is sick of empty promises from the mouths of cowardly politicians.
The Tories must heed the call of the public, staff and patients alike who demand that #our NHS is not only funded properly but brought back into public hands away from the waste and demands of shareholders and bankers' bonuses.
On the 70th year of the NHS we created – we demand that #our NHS is given back! We must end the NHS crisis now.
With mainstream media only just starting to report what really is going in the NHS comes a news item this website published during the General Election with regard to the sale of NHS hospitals, land and property.
This despite the fact that Theresa May spilled the beans by accident in an interview with Andrew Neil. Probably because she was so comfortable with the BBC Daily Politics presenter who was once at News International during the 1980s print workers strikes and who is a die-hard Tory supporter given his background of working for Rupert Murdoch and over seeing the Wapping dispute; and the obvious bias tone of his programme and that of his colleague Jo Coburn.
Source: C Ingram / Twitter (various) / BBC News website
Posted: 1st February 2018
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Home › Entertainment › Top 10 Best Celebrity Gossip Websites
Top 10 Best Celebrity Gossip Websites
November 15, 2018 May 27, 2018 by Vincent
Taking a look at the news gives one a feeling of depression with all the problems and issues affecting different parts of the world. There are times when it is better for us to forget about what is happening in places thousands of miles away from us. It may be easier said than done especially when the leader of another country is issuing threats here and there. The best way we can do this is to distract ourselves by checking out a celebrity gossip website.
There are some things in these sites that actually matter. The internet has a good number of gossip sites hoping to grab your attention. We checked these websites and came up with the top 13. You should take note that some of these sites may not be safe for work so check them with discretion.
*These websites were listed in no particular order.
TMZ or the Thirty Mile Zone is another popular celeb gossip website. This site stalks celebrities at a new level. The name of a celebrity is place in the top of the article to make it easy for reader to skim through and find their favorite celebrities.
In addition, the website offers different gossip categories to meet the different needs of its visitors. TMZ is also very timely when it comes to news about celebrities. They deliver the news as they happen. The website is also able to break the news before any other sites in a number of occasions. They even report the news before it comes out in traditional media outlets.
The Gawker
The Gawker was one of the urban celeb gossip sites offering a mature version of celebrity news. This was before it disappeared in 2016. It used an exceptional combination of snark, satire, and snobbery in delivering news. The news was brutal and humorous at the same time. It offers a New Yorker's point of view on celebrity culture that no one else has shown.
ONTD
The name ONTD is actually the abbreviation of "Oh No They Didn't." Checking out the site will show you the juiciest gossip about different celebrities. It is an online community with members submitting the latest gossip they got. The gossip comes from different entertainment platforms, including gaming, scandals, celebrities, and music.
ONTD normally offers the latest gossip before it appears on other websites. It is not a secret that the legion of contributors made this website as the best one in cyberspace. You can find breaking news on different celebrities. It is a website any celeb gossip junkie should bookmark.
The Hollywood Life
The Hollywood Life has been offering juicy news about the entertainment industry for over three decades. Bonnie Fuller has been writing and interacting with celebrities during this time. While the approach used by the site is simple, it is effective. The news is fun to read and go through.
In addition, the website also has a regular talk show where the latest news about Hollywood comes out.
The Daily Mail Online
The Daily Mail Online is the second biggest newspaper in the UK. It also offers a good amount of celebrity news. A good number of Hollywood stars either come from Britain or spend some time in the country. Due to this, celeb gossip sites normally report on what they do. The Daily Mail Online is doing a good job at this.
This website covers just about everything celebrities do in England. Due to this, this website is among the most entertaining on the internet.
Perez Hilton was started as a blog by someone fascinated by the celebrity world. After some time, the website soon started giving out news about celebrities that were not known to anyone else. It eventually became popular in the tabloid industry.
The site currently offers some good gossip about different celebrities. It is also regularly updated. Hilton is also on a first-name basis with some of the celebrities featured on his website. Due to this, he has also become a star. The controversial character of some posts also made the website enjoyable.
The off-color delivery of news about celebrities on Dlisted will keep you on your toes all the time. The owner and resident writer, Michael K, researches well and find any dirt celebrities may be hiding in their closet. The snarky and to the point style of Michael has made Dlisted one of the best websites offering celeb gossip.
The Superficial
The Superficial has the ability to dissect the worst moments in the life of celebrities. It can also be brutal when presenting news about celebrities. This website will also have no qualms about posting revealing photos of celebrities. The articles posted are also entertaining and snarky.
Pink Is the New Blog
Pink Is the New Blog has been considered as a rip-off of Perez Hilton. But, Trent continues to offer intimate and endearing details of celebrity news. He has the penchant of making readers feel like they are in the scene rather than being a simple bystander.
E! Online
E! Online is among the best websites offering the latest news and gossip about the entertainment industry. The television network may offer updates on the events on the red carpet, but the website gives the latest gossip about these celebs. E! Online is among the most popular celeb gossip sites.
These celebrity gossip websites always make any boring day more enjoyable. Aside from the latest celeb news, these sites also give you an insight on celebrity rumors and gossip.
Other Celebrity Gossip Websites
Just Jared Jr. Just Jared Jr. is a website specializing in giving offering news about young stars. It may be what Justin Bieber is up to or where Leonardo di Caprio is staying at the moment, you can find the news on this website.
People. Fans of People's Magazine will likely also like the People website. They offer numerous news and gossip about celebs along with a number of exclusives.
Go Fug Yourself. Go Fug Yourself is a website focused on the fashion disasters celebrities find themselves in. It is a website you should visit if you like fashion. In addition, the witticism of the site in delivering the news about the misfortunes of celebs makes visiting the website enjoyable to visit.
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Your reply helped a lot.
> > Is it possible to define angle restraints using atom groups.
> I believe this is possible in sander but not pmemd.
> > (iat1-iat2) and (iat2-iat3) or (iat1-iat2) and (iat3-iat2).
> known geometries, to make sure you are getting the restraint you want.
Previous message: Jose Borreguero: "Re: [AMBER] how to minimize with full electrostatics and no boundary conditions?"
In reply to: David A Case: "Re: [AMBER] angle restraint with atom groups"


September 20, 2017 marked Sam Diannitto's last meeting as a Commissioner of the Board of Fire and Police Pension Commissioners (Board). After 42 years of serving our members, Commissioner Diannitto officially resigned his position as the Fire Retired Board Member and will pass the torch to a new representative who will be sworn into office at the October 5, 2017 Board Meeting.
Commissioner Diannitto's career with the City started with the Fire Department in 1954. He retired as Assistant Fire Chief in 1997 with 43 years of service.
His legacy with the Board started in 1972 when he was elected by members of the Fire Department as the Fire Active Board Member. He served five terms for a total of twenty-five years. Commissioner Diannitto then began his tenure as the first elected Retired Fire Board Member on July 1, 2000, when the Charter was changed to allow two retired members to serve on the Board. He was re-elected to serve three more terms beginning in 2005, 2010 and most recently in 2015. Commissioner Diannitto held the position of Vice-President of the Board in 1975-76 and served twice as Board President in 1976-77 and 1991-92.
Membership in various associations, including USC Alumni, Fire Chief Officers, NCPERS, IFEBP and Government Finance Officers.
On May 19, 2016, the Board of Fire and Police Pension Commissioners formally dedicated the Boardroom in the LAFPP office building to Sam Diannitto. We will continue to recognize his long history of leadership, commitment and dedication to the sworn members of Los Angeles Fire and Police Pensions. Thank you Commissioner Sam Diannitto for your service.


Getting old is weird. Your birthdays get closer together and less important. I almost upset my mom just now because I was all "eh, whatever" about mine and she was trying to figure out how to make sure I had cake without overstepping.
I don't really care about getting more stuff. I got to take the boys to an amusement park on Saturday and I went to a concert on Sunday. That's what keeps me going, I guess, being able to look back and say, hey, we went places and had fun.
Having fun and going places is important. I hope to be able to go places with the boy as he gets older and we get out of debt.


Flower deliveries are a routine thing at Bouquets, but on Thursday morning, owners BJ Dyer and Guenther Vogt were on pins and needles waiting for a FedEx, UPS or U.S. Postal Service truck to pull up to their LoDo shop.
The Colorado Rockies had bested the Phillies in the division championship, making Dyer and Vogt the winners of a bet placed with the owners of Kremp Florist in Philadelphia and the local florists were eager to receive their payoff: a box filled with Pennsylvania-grown posies.
The blooms wouldn't be for their own enjoyment, though.
Bouquets is putting the payoff flowers, fresh from the City of Brotherly Love, into special bouquets to accompany meals delivered by Project Angel Heart this week. Dyer is the president of the non-profit agency that annually delivers over 350,000 nutritious "meals with love" for people living with HIV/AIDS, cancer and other life-threatening illnesses in Denver and Colorado Springs.
Their wagering isn't stopping after one success.
As the Rockies celebrate their first victory (over the Arizona Diamondbacks) in the National League Championship series, Dyer and Vogt are negotiating with Ken Young of Phoenix Flower Shops, located a few miles from Chase Field.
Eight florists, members of Society of American Florists, from the cities with playoff teams all agreed to a wager on the outcome of the World Series, with the loser working for a weekend in the winner's flower shop to create a grand floral arrangement to congratulate the World Series Championship team.
Any prediction who that might be?
"We're setting up a design table in our store window so Denver fans can watch Rick Canale of Boston's Exotic Flowers design that flower bouquet for the Rockies," taunts Dyer, still smiling.
Bouquets , established in 1985, is an award-winning florist with locations in Denver, Belmar and Beaver Creek. The LoDo location at 15th and Wazee Streets is just blocks from Coors Field.
C'mon in, the shopping's great!


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Leo Wichtowski's posts
Leo Wichtowski
laserfrog
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One of my faves the past three years has been the Norwegian krone (NOK)… You know, every time I say the word "Norwegian" I begin to sing… I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me… She showed me her room, isn't it good, Norwegian wood.
Anyway… Norway printed a stronger than expected GDP report for the third quarter yesterday, and should keep the oven warm for another central bank (Norges Bank) rate hike, which should push the krone even higher versus the dollar. Norway's GDP grew at 1.9% in the third quarter, when it was expected to grow just 1%! So… The spotlight is back on the krone, and well it should be!
I don't know if you know this, I know I explained this once or twice before, but Norway's pension is fully paid for every citizen! That's unbelievable! But true! And they have also secured more! WOW! Add that to a trade surplus… Rising interest rates… Economic growth… And petrol production… And you should have a strong currency!
Six rate hikes this year by the Norges Bank, have failed to dampen growth, and with oil prices going to $100, more rate hikes will be needed to fight inflation!


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Kristof on marginalized professors--he's partly right
Today in the New York Times Nick Kristof writes that university professors have "marginalized themselves." We have done so, he suggests, by concerning ourselves with very specialized topics that are removed from practical realities. (Old joke: the secret to academic success is to dig an intellectual trench so narrow and so deep that there is only room for one.)
The second part of the problem, Kristof suggests, is that academics write inaccessible prose, isolating their knowledge from others. He quotes approvingly Harvard historian Jill Lapore, who says academics have created "a great, heaping mountain of exquisite knowledge surrounded by a vast moat of dreadful prose."
Kristof's solution is that academics do more writing for the public, on topics of practical concern. To make this change possible, universities would need to change the systems by which they evaluate faculty for promotion.
I think he's partly right.
Kristof did not distinguish between faculty in Arts & Sciences and those in professional schools such as law, medicine, education, and engineering. These latter have practical application embedded in their mission and I think are therefore more vulnerable to his charges.
I started writing about the application of cognitive science for teachers exactly because I thought that too many teachers were not learning this information in their training at schools of education.
But for typical Arts & Sciences faculty, application is not part of the mission. I think two factors render impractical Kristof's suggestions that it be part of the mission. I'm a scientist, so I'll write from that perspective, and won't claim that the following applies to the humanities.
Universities and the professors they employ are best seen as part of a larger system that includes government and private industry. The seminal document envisioning that system was written by Vannevar Bush in 1945. Bush was the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development during World War II, through which virtually all of the scientific research for the war effort was funneled.
It was plain to all that science had played a lead role in the war. The Federal government had funded scientific research at an unprecedented scale, but what was the government role to be in the coming peace? President Roosevelt asked Bush to write a report on the matter.
Bush argued research can either be basic ("pure science," which boils down to describing the world as it is) or applied (research in service of some practical goal). He argued for two points: First, that basic research lies behind the success of much practical research; e.g., the Manhattan project was a grand practical application made possible by advances in basic physics research. Second, applied research would inevitably crowd out basic research for funding because it offers short term gains.
Bush concluded that the Federal Government should continue its funding of science in peacetime, and that it should focus on basic research. Industry could fund research and development for application, and it was reasonable to expect that industry would do so. The federal investment was justifiable via the pay-off in economic productivity. That's how the National Science Foundation was born.
Basic research has been housed primarily in the university system. That's our role in the system. We're not really here to work on applied problems. If a drug company wants to know the latest findings from molecular biology, they should hire a molecular biologist who will do the translation.
This arrangement actually makes a lot more sense than academics trying to do it.
Translation is more than explaining technical matters in everyday terms. It requires knowing how to exploit the technical findings in a way that serves the practical goal. For example, in education you can't just take findings from cognitive science and pop them into the classroom, expecting kids will learn better. You need to know something about classrooms to understand how the application might work.
It makes more sense for the translators to be close to the site of the application because application can take so many forms. Cognitive science has applications throughout industry, the military, health care, education, and beyond. You really need to be embedded in the locale to understand the problem that the basic science is meant to solve.
So that's why so many academics, when asked why they don't make their work more accessible to the general public, say "that's not my job." We might add (and this is relevant to Kristof's second point) that most of us are not very good at describing what we do in non-technical terms. It's a different skill set. Adding "writes well" to the criteria for promotion won't get much traction among scientists. (The technical language that comes with any specialization adds to the problem, of course.)
But again, I think Kristof's blade is much sharper when applied to university schools that claim a mission which includes practical application. Schools of Ed., I'm looking at you.
Teachers shouldn't need to learn neuroscience
This article from Education Week suggests that teachers ought to learn neuroscience.
That strikes me as a colossal waste of teachers' time.
The offered justification is that a high percentage of teacher's hold false beliefs about the brain, and thus ought to be "armed" to evaluate claims that they encounter in professional development sessions, the media, etc.
But it takes an awful lot of work for any individual to become knowledgeable enough about neuroscience to evaluate new ideas. And why would it stop at neuroscience? One could make the same case for cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, sociology, cultural studies, and economics, among other fields
Further, this suggestion seems like unnecessary duplication of effort. What's really needed is for a few trusted educators to evaluate new ideas, and to periodically bring their colleagues up to date.
In fact, that's how the system is set up. But it's not working.
First, the neuro-myths mentioned in the article ought to be defused during teacher training. Some programs do so, I'm sure, but most appear not to be doing a good enough job. It's certainly true that textbooks aimed at teachers don't do enough in this regards. Learning styles, for example, go unmentioned, or perhaps get a paragraph in which the theory is (accurately) said to be lacking evidence. Given the pervasiveness of these myths, schools of education ought to address the problem with more vigor.
Second, there is virtually always someone in the district central office who is meant to be the resource person for professional development: is this PD session likely to be legit, or is this person selling snake oil? If teachers are exposed to PD with sham science, the right response, it seems to me, is not to suggest that teachers learn some neuroscience. The right response is outrage directed at the person who brought the knucklehead in there to do the PD session.
Third, it would make perfect sense if professional groups helped out in this regard. The Department of Education has tried with the What Works Clearinghouse and with it's various practice guides. These have had limited success. It might be time for teachers to take a try at this themselves.
Teachers don't need to learn neuroscience, or better put, teachers shouldn't need to learn neuroscience--not to be protected from charlatans. Teachers need to learn things that will directly help their practice. Charlatan protection ought to come from institutions: from schools of education, from district central offices, and (potentially) from institutions of teachers' own creation.
Here's why education research looks silly, Rick Hess
Every year as the AERA convention approaches, Rick Hess writes a column poking fun at some silly-sounding titles in the program. Hess's point seems to be "Is any of this really going to help kids learn better?" (That's my summary, not his.)
I respect Hess, but I think he misses the more interesting point here. Hess's real beef, I suggest, is not with the AERA, but with schools of education, and with all education researchers.
Putting researchers from very different disciplines--history, critical theory, economics, psychology, etc.--in one school because they all study "education" sounds like a good idea. The problem is that it doesn't lead to a beautiful flowering of interdisciplinary research. Researchers ignore one another.
Why? Because these researchers start with different assumptions. They set different goals for education. They have different standards of evidence. They even have different senses of what it means to "know" something. So mostly they don't conduct interdisciplinary research. Mostly they ignore one another.
No, the Foucault crowd is not going to improve science education in the next ten years. The wheel on which the Humanities turns revolves much more slowly and less visibly than the cycle of the sciences. I admit I only dimly understand what they are up to, but I nevertheless believe they have a contribution to make.
But the fault lies not just with schools of education for sticking these varied researchers in one building.
A perhaps more significant problem is that there is little sense among education researchers that their particular training leads to expertise well suited to addressing certain problems and ill-suited to other problems. I think that education researchers would be smart to stake out their territory "We have methods that will help solve these problems."
Too often we forget our limitations. (I named this blog "Science and Education" to remind myself that, although I'll be tempted, I should not start mouthing off about policy, but should leave that to people like Rick who understand it much more deeply.) When the charter school affiliated with Stanford was in trouble a year or two ago, how many education researchers lacked an opinion? And how many of those opinions were really well informed?
Education research would look less silly if all of us made clear what we were up to, and stuck to it.


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Locoismus ist die Bezeichnung für schwere Vergiftungserscheinungen bei Weidetieren, die durch den Verzehr von Pflanzen mit dem Inhaltsstoff Swainsonin hervorgerufen werden. Der Begriff leitet sich vom spanischen loco = dt. "wahnsinnig" ab. Locoismus tritt vor allem nach dem Verzehr von Pflanzen aus den Gattungen Astragalus und Swainsona auf. Diese Arten werden unter der Sammelbezeichnung Locoweed (engl. weed = dt. "Unkraut") zusammengefasst.

Pflanzenarten

Bisher wurde Swainsonin in folgenden Pflanzenarten nachgewiesen:
 Gattung Tragant (Astragalus)
 A. earlei
 A. mollissimus
 A. pubentissimus
 A. lentigenosis
 A. pehuenches
 A. wootoni
 A. nothoxys
 A. oxyphysus
 A. tephrodes
 A. humistratus
 Gattung Swainsona
 S. canescens
 S. luteola
 S. greyana
 S. galegifolia

 Gattung Oxytropis
 O. sericea
 O. campestris

 Außerdem in
 Ipomea carnea
 Sida acuta

Der unter anderem auf der Pflanze Oxytropis lambertii beheimatete Pilz Embellisia fungi macht aus der ohne den Pilz ungiftigen Pflanze durch die Produktion von Swainsonin ein Locoweed, das bei Ratten zu Vergiftungen führen kann.

Wirkung bei Weidevieh
Bei Weidetieren verursachen die vor allem im Westen Nordamerikas beheimateten Locoweed-Pflanzen den so genannten Locoismus. Dies ist eine durch das in diesen Pflanzen enthaltene Swainsonin hervorgerufene neurologische Erkrankung. Der Verzehr der Pflanzen kann zu starker Abmagerung (auch bei genügender Futteraufnahme), Herzversagen, spontanem Abortus, reduzierter Fruchtbarkeit, Fehlbildungen bei Embryonen und einem Suchtverhalten für Locoweed-Pflanzen führen.
Die Symptome ähneln nicht zufällig denen einer α-Mannosidose, einer genetischen Erkrankung, bei der das Enzym α-Mannosidase in seiner Funktion stark eingeschränkt ist. Swainsonin hemmt reversibel die Enzyme α-Mannosidase im Lysosom und Golgi-α-Mannosidase II von Zellen, was zu einer Akkumulation von mannosereichen Oligosacchariden im Lysosom führt.

Der durch Locoweed in den westlichen Staaten der USA entstehende wirtschaftliche Schaden wird auf mindestens 100 Millionen Dollar jährlich geschätzt. Andere Schätzungen gehen von noch wesentlich höheren Schadenswerten aus.

Der Maximalgehalt von Swainsonin im Futter der Weidetiere sollte unterhalb von 0,001 % liegen, um Vergiftungserscheinungen zu vermeiden. Swainsonin reichert sich im Lysosom der Zellen an.

Weiterführende Literatur
 Review-Artikel
 M. H. Ralphs, J. F. James: Locoweed grazing. In: J Nat Toxins. 8, 1999, S. 47–51. PMID 10091127
 K. E: Panter u. a.: Locoweeds: effects on reproduction in livestock. In: J Nat Toxins. 8, 1999, S. 53–62. PMID 10091128
 B. L. Stegelmeier u. a.: The pathogenesis and toxicokinetics of locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) poisoning in livestock. In: J Nat Toxins. 8, 1999, S. 35–45. PMID 10091126
 J. F. James u. a.: The effect of natural toxins on reproduction in livestock. In: J Anim Sci. 70, 1992, S. 1573–1579. PMID 1526925

 Originäre Forschung
 A. G. Armien: Vergleichende klinische und morphologische Untersuchungen zur spontanen und experimentellen Vergiftung durch Ipomoea fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) bei Ziegen. Dissertation. Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 2000
 D. R. Tulsiani u. a.: Production of hybrid glycoproteins and accumulation of oligosaccharides in the brain of sheep and pigs administered swainsonine or locoweed. In: Arch Biochem Biophys. 264, 1988, S. 607–617. PMID 3135781
 D. R. Tulsiani u. a.: The similar effects of swainsonine and locoweed on tissue glycosidases and oligosaccharides of the pig indicate that the alkaloid is the principle toxin responsible for the induction of locoism. In: Arch Biochem Biophys. 232, 1984, S. 76–85. PMID 6430242
 J. F. James: Lesions in neonatal lambs resulting from maternal ingestion of locoweed. In: Cornell Vet. 61, 1971, S. 667–670. PMID 5166138
 K. K. de Balogh u. a.: A lysosomal storage disease induced by Ipomoea carnea in goats in Mozambique. In: J Vet Diagn Invest. 11, 1999, S. 266–273.  PMID 10353359
 R. J. Molyneux u. a.: Identification of the glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine and calystegine B2 in Weir vine (Ipomoea sp. Q6 [aff. calobra]) and correlation with toxicity. In: J Nat Prod. 58, 1995, S. 878–886. PMID 7673932

Weblinks
 Oxytropis lambertii. Pursh, purple locoweed (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Vergiftung
Wiederkäuerkrankheit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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[view] => infiltrator-the
Infiltrator, The (United Kingdom, 2016)
The story told by The Infiltrator - an undercover cop begins to confuse his true identity with that of the "character" he plays - may be familiar but the film's tone is not. As directed by Brad Furman (The Lincoln Lawyer), this movie introduces us to Robert Mazur (Bryan Cranston), a Federal agent who takes on the persona of a money launderer in an attempt to bring down highly placed principals in the Medellin Drug Cartel. Although the events related in the film (which are based on those chronicled in Mazur's autobiography) transpire in South Florida during the 1980s, this isn't Miami Vice. In fact, the intent (perhaps intentional) is for the gritty, noir-tinged The Infiltrator to tilt in the opposite direction.
Mazur isn't a conventional undercover operative. He's not suave, handsome, or young. He wears nice suits but he isn't flashy. He doesn't womanize because he's a loving husband and good family man. He also doesn't carry a gun or become involved in traditional movie action sequences. The Infiltrator is about the "money" aspect of the so-called War on Drugs. Mazur suggests to his boss, Bonnie Tischler (Amy Ryan), that perhaps the best way to stem the cocaine tide is to stall Pablo Escobar's money train, so he adopts the persona of a money launderer, meets low-level contacts via his partner, Emir Abreu (John Leguzamo), and starts working his way up the food chain. His ultimate target is Roberto Alcaino (Benjamin Bratt), one of Escobar's immediate underlings. His weapons are dollars not bullets but that doesn't lessen the tension. Mazur becomes entwined with people who have no compunctions about murder and there's never a moment when we aren't aware of his jeopardy. His bodyguard reminds him that if the truth comes out, the drug dealers will cut off his limbs, give him a shot of adrenaline to keep him conscious, remove his eyelids, and make him watch as they do unspeakable things to his family.
Furman keeps a tight rein on the film's palpable, sometimes suffocating tension. It's one of The Infiltrator's assets. Another is the ensemble cast. Led by Bryan Cranston, who's getting plum movie roles now that his Breaking Bad commitments are over, the actors do fine jobs. In addition to Cranston's expectedly solid turn, we get John Leguizamo playing it straight (something he rarely seems to do, opting for "weird" and "quirky" in most of his roles), a low-key Benjamin Bratt, and an underused Diane Kruger.
At a time when far too many movies run too long, The Infiltrator has the opposite problem - its 127-minute running time is too short to do justice to the complex storyline. It's hard to say how much might have ended up being cut but the result is disjointed and contains continuity issues (one involving a bloody mini-coffin that arrives by mail at an address the sender shouldn't know). Characters appear, vanish, then reappear at odd times for little apparent reason. The film seems like it was taken apart and reconstructed during the editing process and the final version is at times barely coherent, with too much connective tissue missing. I wonder if this might be another Kingdom of Heaven. The Ridley Scott epic was sliced and diced for theatrical distribution but the restored director's cut is a masterpiece.
Nevertheless, pacing issues aside, The Infiltrator is compelling cinema. By eschewing shoot-outs, fights, and other "staple" action scenes, the film is better able to focus on the psychological impact of the situation to the main character. He has a family he loves and cares about but his compulsion to do his job (referred to by Abreu as "my drug of choice") makes no compromises. And, despite a halfhearted denial no one believes, he comes to feel for the people he is destined to betray. There's something unconventionally devastating about how all this plays out.
This is a flawed motion picture but, for those who prize acting, slow-burn suspense, and narrative over the usual loud, empty summertime fare, here's an opportunity for a couple hours of entertainment.
Director: Brad Furman
Cast: Bryan Cranston, Benjamin Bratt, John Leguizamo, Diane Kruger, Juliet Aubrey, Elena Anaya, Amy Ryan
Screenplay: Ellen Brown Furman, based on the book by Robert Mazur
Cinematography: Joshua Reis
Music: Chris Hajian
U.S. Distributor: Broad Green Pictures
MPAA Rating: "R" (Violence, Profanity, Sexual Content, Drugs, Nudity)
Genre: Drama/Thriller
Fight Club (1999)
In the Company of Men (1997)
Cruel Intentions (1999)
Bad Lieutenant (1993)
Three...better movies of Bryan Cranston
Argo (2012)
Rock of Ages (2012)
worse movies of Bryan Cranston
Madagascar 3 (2012)
Total Recall (2012)
Why Him? (2016)
Three...better movies of Benjamin Bratt
Thumbsucker (2005)
Woodsman, The (2004)
Despicable Me 2 (2013)
worse movies of Benjamin Bratt
Love in the Time of Cholera (2007)
Three...better movies of John Leguizamo
Ice Age (2002)
worse movies of John Leguizamo
Happening, The (2008)
Righteous Kill (2008)


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News & Announcements: Monthly Archives: October 2014
Nanas and FIAC
A new exhibition at Galerie Mitterrand opens on 24 October 2014 featuring a selection of Saint Phalles' infamous Nanas. The show titled "Nanas 60s-90s" illustrates an evolution of the Nanas from their beginnings made from chicken wire shapes covered with fabric patches, wool and resin, to a time when technology permitted smooth forms and heightened colors giving them their more commonly recognizable looks. In 1965 Saint Phalle started creating the frolicking, dancing, tumbling sculptures inspired by her pregnant friend Clarice Rivers. With them Saint Phalle captures a feminist spirit: of a "joie de vivre", of "I am what I am" and directs attention to social questions of women's liberation and equality. On display until 2 December 2014.
Niki de Saint Phalle. Nana boule, ca. 1966-1968. Nana moyenne Waldaff, 1967 © 2014 NIKI CHARITABLE ART FOUNDATION, All rights reserved. Photo: courtesy Galerie Mitterrand
For the annual Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain (FIAC) held in Paris from 23 – 26 October 2014 Galerie Georges-Philippe & Nathalie Vallois showcases a different side of Saint Phalle's oeuvre. Assemblage (Figure with Dartboard head) (ca. 1962) is an example of combining her early Target Portraits with figurative assemblage elements. It remains unshot in its pristinely white state exposing a gaping heart cavity among jumbled toys suggesting the emotional loss of a lover. With I woke up last night (1994) Saint Phalle created a kinetic painting dealing with themes of vanitas and death. The series of the so-called Tableaux Éclatés (Exploding Paintings) are an homage to her husband and collaborator, Swiss artist Jean Tinguely (1925 – 1991), who created Meta-Relief Dislocation Assurée (1959) early in his career. Both are exhibited at the Galerie GP & N Vallois booth, contrasting and complimenting each other in artistic vision.
Niki de Saint Phalle. Assemblage (Figure with Dartboard Head), ca. 1962. I woke up last night, 1994. Jean Tinguely. Dislocation Assurée, 1959 © 2014 NIKI CHARITABLE ART FOUNDATION, All rights reserved. Photo: courtesy Galerie GP & N Vallois.
The galerie also exhibits a Fontaine aux Nanas at the Jardin des Tuileries this week. The working fountain depicting four Nanas in a bath scene convey a carefree joy within the royal gardens. Other artists featured for this open air presentation by Galerie GP & N Vallois include César and Pilar Albarracín.
Niki de Saint Phalle. Fontaine aux Nanas, 1991 © 2014 NIKI CHARITABLE ART FOUNDATION All rights reserved. Photo: © Marc Domage
We would like to thank both galleries for their tremendous efforts and passion in promoting Niki de Saint Phalle's oeuvre to her fans and collectors worldwide.
Niki in Paris : Things not to miss
Paris has been in "Niki Fever" for the last few weeks since the opening of the Retrospective exhibition at the Grand Palais. Congratulations to Camille Morineau, curator of the exhibition, and the passionate staff at the Réunion des Musées Nationaux (RMN) who made this show a success already. The exhibition will be on display until 2 February 2015 before it travels to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.
Until then, the City is buzzing with Niki. Check out the events surrounding the Retrospective exhibition and subscribe to our newsletter:
Nana Danseuse (Rouge d'orient – Bloum) (1995) is currently installed at the banks of the River Seine to celebrate the inauguration of Les Jardins de l'Archipel des berges de Seine Niki de Saint Phalle on 18 September 2014 by Paris' Mayor Anne Hidalgo. In the presence of Saint Phalle's family, the Mayor paid tribute to the artist's accomplishments and revealed the commemorative plaque. Admission is free. On view until 2 November 2014.
La Cabeza (2000) is featured at the CENTQUATRE until 9 August 2015. A collaborative effort between the Niki Charitable Art Foundation, the City of Paris and the Réunion de musées nationaux–Grand Palais brought this impressive mosaic sculpture to the 19th arrondissement. This is the first time La Cabeza has traveled outside of the USA for exhibition complementing the current retrospective of Niki de Saint Phalle at the Grand Palais. We would like to extend our thanks to Galerie Mitterrand and Galerie Georges-Philippe & Nathalie Vallois, the RMN and the City of Paris, as well as anonymous donors for their generous contributions, which made this endeavor possible. Admission is free.
Niki de Saint Phalle. Nana Danseuse (Rouge d'Orient – Bloum), 1995. La Cabeza, 2000. © NIKI CHARITABLE ART FOUNDATION, All rights reserved. Photo: NCAF
The Grand Palais auditorium features films by Niki de Saint Phalle on select Fridays (12 noon), including her adult fairy-tale Un Rêve plus long que la nuit (1975, 1h30) and psychoanalytical and explorative drama Daddy (1973, 1h23) directed by Peter Whitehead. In the series Le choix de Niki (Niki's choice) the Grand Palais shows films on select Wednesdays (6:30 pm) that Saint Phalle referred to as influential to her character and work. Please check local listings for dates and times.
A new film by Louis Faure and Anne Julien titled "Niki de Saint Phalle, un rêve d'architecte" will also be shown at the museum's auditorium every Monday, Wednesday and Friday until 2 February 2015. The film discusses Saint Phalle's monumental works worldwide in a narrative accompanied by scenic camera movements that let the viewer experience the artist's vision from a new perspective. Please check local listings for times.
Children's Workshop. Children can create their original artwork inspired by Saint Phalle's assemblages or target paintings after a guided visit through the exhibition. Recycled materials are being transformed into art of today's context. Duration is 2 hours. Click here to make reservations.
HEADS Up for the new exhibition NIKI DE SAINT PHALLE: NANAS 60s-90s at Galerie Mitterand from 24 October to 20 December. Galerie Mitterand has been instrumental in previous and current research to find Niki de Saint Phalle's NANAs worldwide for an upcoming online Catalogue Raisonné of Nanas. More information on how to submit entries are posted on our website.


Welcome to the September 16, 2011 edition of ACM TechNews, providing timely information for IT professionals three times a week.
The Association of American Universities (AAU) announced a five-year plan to enhance the quality of undergraduate instruction and learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The association also announced the establishment of a technical advisory committee of experts in undergraduate teaching and learning. The panel's expertise will be tapped to develop an effective analytical framework for evaluating and improving the quality of STEM education, create a demonstration program at a number of member institutions to deploy the framework, and investigate mechanisms that universities and departments can use to train, identify, and reward faculty who want to improve STEM teaching quality. AAU also will seek to work with federal research agencies to devise mechanisms for recognizing, rewarding, and promoting initiatives to improve undergraduate learning, as well as ascertain the best way to assess and cultivate effective means for sharing information about promising and effective undergraduate STEM education programs, strategies, techniques, and pedagogies. AAU president Hunter R. Rawlings says the association will collaborate with member universities, experts in the field, and scientific disciplinary societies to find ways to encourage the use of education methods in the classroom by faculty members and departments.
A joint solicitation for interdisciplinary research and education projects that develop new knowledge at the locus of computer science and economics and social sciences has been issued by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Directorates for Computer and Information Science and Engineering and Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences. The solicitation expresses particular interest in algorithmic strategies and analyses for social science questions involving resource provision and allocation in noisy, distributed and/or unsynchronized environments, collective decision making, and related subjects. Also of special interest are mechanisms that employ concepts from social and economic science to augment the performance of computing systems and other systems comprised of multiple, self-interested agents. The request for proposal notes that "good incentive mechanisms are ... needed to mediate the interactions among infrastructure providers, service providers, and clients for computing and communication infrastructure and services. Mechanisms are also important in driving multi-agent software systems towards socially desirable goals."
The U.K. National Center for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT) recently released a report as part of CSIT's Belfast 2011 Cyber Summit, identifying key research priorities for protecting the future Internet. The report highlighted developing self-learning, self-aware cybersecurity technologies, protecting smart utility grids, and enhancing the security of mobile networks as top research priorities needed to safeguard the future Internet. The four major themes of the report included the development of adaptive cybersecurity technologies, the protection of smart utility grids, the security of the mobile platform and applications, and continuing a multifaceted approach to cybersecurity research. "Our ambition is that this strategy will help to inform global cybersecurity research and act as a driver for cybersecurity roadmap definition over the coming year," says CSIT principal investigator John McCanny.
University of Seoul researchers Hyun Keun Lee and Beom Jun Kim have developed an algorithm that could automate and improve the process for dissolving traffic jams, and could be implemented relatively easily in the next generation of cars. Lee and Kim classify drivers who stay more than a safe distance away from the vehicle ahead as defensive, and those who leave too little room as optimistic. Then they use a cellular automaton to model traffic flow that reproduces most usual driving behaviors, such as speeding and accelerating or braking hard in response to road conditions. Lee and Kim also have all the vehicles in the model share their speed and position with their neighbors and filter this information downstream, which immediately makes vehicles aware of a traffic jam ahead. The algorithm would switch all downstream driving behavior to defensive, enabling vehicles to leave the standstill more quickly than they arrive. The approach would only require an on-board algorithm for most cars, and a little more automated on-board control than currently exists in vehicles. Additional modeling would help keep such vehicle control from causing any problematic driving behaviors.
Cornell University researchers, as part of the HyperNEAT project, have developed digital brains using neural networks that mimic biological evolutionary processes. The brains receive sensory inputs from the body, which they use to evolve the proper neural patterns needed to control their body parts. The best performing brains were allowed to reproduce to create the next generation and the entire process was repeated until the researchers discovered a brain that could control the robot enough to walk around the lab. "From an observer's perspective, it looks like a robot that 'wakes up,' tries out a new gait, and then 'thinks about it' for a few seconds, before waking up again and trying a new gait," says Cornell's Jeffrey Clune. The researchers are now evolving simulated bodies and brains using Cornell's EndlessForms Web site. The team uses neural networks called compositional pattern-producing networks (CPPNs) to mimic how natural organisms develop. "If CPPNs are used to evolve robot bodies along with brains, he may be able to evolve robots with complex bodies as well as complex brains," says University of Vermont's Josh Bongard.
Chip-level advances, including new processors and circuits, could be the building blocks that lead to a new generation of products and devices. For example, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researcher Jurgen Michel wants to develop a microprocessor that uses flashing germanium lasers to transmit data instead of wires. MIT's researchers are using photons instead of electrons to make data transmission more efficient. Meanwhile, memristor technology could be a faster, more durable and less expensive alternative to flash memory. Hewlett-Packard is building memristors using alternating layers of titanium dioxide and platinum, built in a grid-like pattern. These resistive random access memory chips can store about twice as much data as flash chips but are more than 1,000 times faster than flash memory and could last for millions of rewrite cycles. Other technologies under development include Tabula's Spacetime technology and its ABAX chip design, which aims to trick the circuit into rearranging itself on demand so that it only appeared to other components to have several layers of active elements. Meanwhile, IBM researchers have developed experimental graphene-based transistors and integrated circuits using standard semiconductor manufacturing techniques, and Xerox's PARC researchers are developed a less expensive and easier method for making electronics by printing circuits on a plastic sheet.
The first global camera trap study of mammals made use of a novel software system developed by researchers at the University of California, San Diego's San Diego Supercomputer Center. The study documented 105 species in nearly 52,000 images from seven protected areas across the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The collected data enabled scientists to conclude that habitat loss and smaller reserves have a direct and detrimental impact on the diversity and survival of mammal populations. The system incorporates software features and functions specifically designed for the broader camera-trapping community. The team gave the system the ability to run the application locally on a laptop or desktop computer without an Internet connection, and the ability to run on multiple operating systems. The software features a navigational user interface for managing images, and automatically extracts customized metadata information to increase standardization. The software system also uses embedded taxonomic lists, and exports data packages consisting of data, metadata, and images in standardized formats so that they can be transferred to online data warehouses for archiving and dissemination.
The European Union-funded NanoCMOS and PULLNANO projects are pushing the limits of chip miniaturization by attempting to make complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips (CMOS) smaller than ever before. "By cramming more transistors into a chip you're delivering more capacity, more functionality, and more computing power for the same price," says STMicroelectronics' Gilles Thomas. Although the NanoCMOS project has successfully developed a 45 nanometer (nm) node semiconductor, and the PULLNANO is aiming to develop a 22 nm semiconductor, the researchers believe it is possible to shrink chips down to about 11 nm, according to Thomas. The current limit to computer processor performance is a quantum mechanical effect known as gate leakage, in which mobile charge carriers break through insulating regions within the chip. The PULLNANO researchers have solved this problem by developing a hafnium compound-based insulator to replace conventional silicone dioxide, which has led to a 100-fold reduction in gate leakage, according to Thomas.
Michigan State University (MSU) researchers led by professor Anil Jain have developed technology that can detect fingerprints that have been physical altered. Jain says the inspiration for the research, which began more than two years ago, came from the rising trend of criminals physically altering their fingerprints to avoid identification. "Because of the increasing use of fingerprints at [international borders], many individuals who have prior criminal records purposefully alter their fingerprints so that they don't get matched to their prior fingerprints in the databases," he says. The researchers recently received a grant from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's Biometric Center of Excellence to continue developing the technology. Although the technology currently only has the power to detect whether or not fingerprints have been altered, the researchers are developing software that will attempt to match an altered fingerprint with the original.
University of Arizona professor Beichuan Zhang has demonstrated that intelligent management of Internet infrastructure can significantly reduce the energy consumption of computer networks. A paper written by his team on this technology won Zhang the Applied Networking Research Prize sponsored by the Internet Society. The group is attempting to span the chasm between theory and practice by collaborating with university researchers to support a more effective Internet in the near term, according to Zhang. He says that Internet service providers and data centers could reap millions of dollars in savings by deploying his green networks, while households could eventually avail themselves of the technology as well. "The idea that you should adapt your power consumption based on your workload can be applied to anyone," Zhang notes. "The challenge is applying it to a specific network environment."
Vassar College professor Ken Livingston works at Vassar's Undergraduate Research Summer Institute (URSI) to study ways of creating human-like intelligence. "We are trying to replicate some of the features of primate cortex to see whether we can solve a certain set of problems in learning and intelligence," Livingston says. The URSI project aims to use the understanding of how the human brain processes complex tasks and reproduce it in machines. "Ultimately we want to get to the point where we can turn the robot loose in the world without having to program it," Livingston says. The URSI project presents a robot with a series of simple perceptual patterns, after which the robot makes predictions based on the information. The team also experimented with obstructing the robot's visual and audio input, making it more difficult to recognize the patterns. The researchers found that they could obstruct almost half of the robot's visual field and it would still be able to recognize an object. Livingston hopes the research could lead to a robot that can learn to do complex tasks, such as cleaning a home.


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Home Sun & Moon Eclipses Ljubljana, Slovenia
January 12, 2028 — Partial Lunar Eclipse — Ljubljana, Slovenia
Max View in Ljubljana
Partial Lunar Eclipse, in Ljubljana
Wed, Jan 12, 2028 at 5:13 am 0.066 Magnitude
January 12, 2028 — Partial Lunar Eclipse — Ljubljana
The animation shows what the eclipse approximately looks like in Ljubljana. Stages and times of the eclipse are outlined below. All times are local time (CET) for Ljubljana.
Penumbral Eclipse ends The Earth's penumbra ends.
Moon close to horizon, so make sure you have free sight to West-northwest. 296°
During this partial lunar eclipse, the Earth's shadow covers only parts of the Moon, as seen from Ljubljana. There are no other locations on Earth where the Moon appears completely covered during this event. The Earth's shadow covers only a small portion of the Moon.
Cloud Coverage (Jan 12)
Eclipses and Transits Visible in Ljubljana
Eclipse Visibility From Ljubljana
Jan 10, 2020 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, Much of North America, East in South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic
Jun 5, 2020 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, South/East South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Jul 5, 2020 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Penumbral Lunar Eclipse South/West Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Nov 19, 2021 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, Much of Asia, Australia, North/West Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic
May 16, 2022 Partial Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, West in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Oct 25, 2022 Partial Solar Eclipse Partial Solar Eclipse Europe, Much of Asia, North/East Africa, Atlantic
May 5, 2023 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Oct 28–29, 2023 Partial Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, North America, Much of South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Sep 18, 2024 Partial Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, Much of Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Mar 14, 2025 Partial Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, Much of Asia, Much of Australia, Much of Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctica
Sep 7, 2025 Total Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, West in North America, East in South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Aug 28, 2026 Partial Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, West in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Feb 20–21, 2027 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, North/West Australia, Africa, Much of North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Aug 2, 2027 Partial Solar Eclipse Total Solar Eclipse Europe, South/West Asia, Africa, East in North America, Atlantic, Indian Ocean
Jan 12, 2028 Partial Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, North/West Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic
Jul 6, 2028 Partial Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, South/East South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Dec 31, 2028 Total Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, North/West North America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic
Jun 12, 2029 Partial Solar Eclipse Partial Solar Eclipse Much of Europe, North in Asia, North/West North America, Pacific, Arctic
Jun 26, 2029 Total Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, West in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Dec 20–21, 2029 Total Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse Europe, Asia, North/West Australia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic
Note: Click on the date link for details in Ljubljana, or the path map image for global details. Currently shown eclipse is highlighted.


This well-known and fully-equipped Hair Salon with an established name in a prime location is one of the most successful salons in the area. Boasting state of the art equipment and a beautiful build out, the salon has a highly trained staff of 20+ hair stylists, with room for more. The long-standing huge customer base originates from nearby million-dollar neighborhoods, business centers, condos and hotels. Owner is not a stylist, only works a couple days a week and has a talented and capable team in place.Strictly Confidential. Only for pre-qualified buyers.This Florida based Hair Salon for sale is presented by Sunbelt Business Brokers of South Florida, a division of SUNBELT, the largest organization of business brokers and M&A professionals in the world. With a local presence and global marketing reach, Sunbelt Business Brokers of South Florida has provided main-street and lower middle market business owners and buyers with unsurpassed deal expertise for nearly 20 years. For more information on this business for sale contact Ryan Cave at [email protected] or 561-832-9222.
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text:
Johann Georg Theodor Albert Anton Muther, född 15 augusti 1826 i Rottenbach, död 26 november 1878, var en tysk jurist.

Muther var professor vid Jena universitet. Han utgav åtskilliga arbeten, bland vilka kan nämnas Zur Lehre von der römischen Actio (1857; riktad mot Bernhard Windscheid), Aus dem Universitäts- und Gelehrtenleben im Zeitalter der Reformation (1866), Zur Geschichte des römisch-kanonischen Prozesses in Deutschland (1872) och Zur Geschichte der Rechtswissenschaft und der Universitäten in Deutschland (1876).

Källor

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: Muther, Theodor

Tyska professorer i juridik
Personer verksamma vid Jena universitet
Personer i Tyskland under 1800-talet
Födda 1826
Avlidna 1878
Män


text:
Cross-country skiing: What to know for men's, women's individual sprint
Posted: Feb 12, 2018 / 04:36 PM EST / Updated: Feb 12, 2018 / 04:36 PM EST
Cross-country skiing, after no races Monday, picks back up Tuesday with the men's and women's individual at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in PyeongChang, South Korea.
A quick recap of what's happened in the sport at the 2018 PyeongChang Games:
On Saturday, Swedish skier Charlotte Kalla won her third career Olympic gold medal in the women's 30km skiathlon. The skiathlon saw Marit Bjorgen, of Norway, become the most decorated female Winter Olympian by getting her 11th Olympic medal – a silver.
Then, Norway swept the podium in the men's 30km skiathlon Sunday in a race that featured an incredible comeback for Simen Hegstad Krueger. Krueger collided with two skiers on the first lap and found himself 37.8 seconds back at the 6-kilometer point.
Krueger, somehow, found his way to the front of the pack with 5km left and never looked back. Martin Johnsrud Sundby took silver, and Hans Christer Holund got bronze.
Here are a few things to know about both the women's and men's individual sprint.
The individual sprint – 1.8km for the men and 1.3km for the women – begins with a qualification round, with the top 30 skiers advancing to the quarterfinals. The quarterfinals divide the field into groups of six skiers over five heats.
Twelve total skiers advance to the semifinals – the top two finishers from each heat plus two "lucky losers," which is ski slang for the two skiers with the fastest finishing time in the quarterfinals that didn't finish first or second in their heats.
Simply put, the 11th and 12th fastest skiers from the quarters also automatically advance to the semis.
The semis are divided into two heats, split up by six skiers. The top two finishers advance to the finals, with two more "lucky losers" joining them.
And the finals are simple. The first skier to cross the finish line wins gold.
The qualifying begins at 3:30 a.m. EST and you can watch it live right here.
Sochi in review
Justyna Kowalczyk, of Poland, won the gold medal in the women's individual in Sochi. Kowalczyk won convincingly, too, edging the silver medalist Kalla out by 18.4 seconds. She finished the individual at Sochi in 28 minutes, 17.8 seconds.
Kowalczyk, 35, is back for her fourth Olympics.
Norwegian skier Therese Johaug got the bronze medal in the women's individual at Sochi. Sadie Bjornsen was the highest-finishing American, placing 18th.
For the men, Switzerland's Dario Cologna, known as "Super Dario," won gold in the men's individual. In fact, Cologna has won gold in the individual in the last two Winter Olympics, which were also his first two Olympics. He's back for his third Games.
A pair of Swedes closed out the men's podium at Sochi, with Johan Olsson taking silver and Daniel Richardson getting the bronze. The U.S. wasn't close to medaling.
Noah Hoffman was the highest American in the men's race at 31st.
Two women, Bjorgen, 37, and Kowalczyk, 35, can become the oldest Olympic medalist in an individual sprint event by taking home a medal in the pursuit. Anita Moen, of Norway, currently holds the record at 34 years and 172 days old.
The only non-European medalist in an Olympic individual event is Canadian Chandra Crawford. Crawford won the gold medal in the sprint free at the 2006 Torino Olympics.
Canadian Alex Harvey and Alexey Poltoranin, of Kazakhstan, can become the first non-European NOC to claim an Olympic medal in a men's individual sprint event.


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Student feedback success! Wi-fi is now available for students who study and train at the Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, and the Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth.
The wi-fi service provided at RSH Hospital is eduroam, and the service at QAH Hospital is provided by Portsmouth Hospitals Trust.
Increased wi-fi coverage was an issue previously raised at last year's Student Forum so it's fantastic to see this improvement for Medical and Health Science students now in action.
This #WellDoneWednesday we are celebrating the recent successes of our Academic Reps from the Faculty of Health Sciences, who have made a number of improvements to student experiences this year.
Passing on your ideas, concerns and feedback to your Course Reps can really make a difference, as we can see from the huge list below! The Union works hard to make sure all students are represented, working alongside the University in making change happen. If you want to know who you Course Reps are, you can search for them here.
The National Student Survey is back and we need YOUR help.
We're sure you all remember using the NSSS to help you make informed decisions about which University you wanted to go to, so we want to make sure that other aspiring Southampton students can get the accurate feedback on the course they want to study; and what's more, it only takes 10 minutes to submit!


We understand that being a salesperson doesn't come naturally to everyone. In fact, many ODs might not be upselling, cross-selling, or promoting their dispensary's products because they're not used to delivering sales messages.
However, we see selling the right products for the right patients as part of the ODs role in educating their patients. Although your optician does the heavy lifting when it comes to frame fittings and closing sales, the process starts in the exam room with the diagnosis.
If your practice includes an optical dispensary, you should have a strong grasp on effective sales techniques. Keep reading to dispel any hesitations about promoting sales from the exam room.
Consider the patients' needs over the needs of the practice. You won't feel like a salesman if you're simply educating a patient on why they might need a certain type of product to fulfill their medical requirements. When you recommend the patient products, take into account their lifestyle and show them why certain accessories or extra requirements can help them live comfortably.
For example, patients who work outdoors with dust, wind, or water might be more comfortable wearing contact lenses over glasses. Also, if your patients stare at a computer screen or the sun most of the day, they could benefit from extra UVA/UVB coating and blue light blocking lenses.
Sometimes, your patient should purchase from your dispensary because it's the best option for them. If your patient's mobility is limited, it saves them energy to buy their products from you while they're already there for the exam. Also, you can offer to ship the product to them for a discounted charge. Similarly, purchasing from your practice is more convenient for patients with busy schedules or those who live far from the city. It is up to you, their optometrist, to suggest the best options for their needs.
Your patients trust your judgment as their doctor. They may feel overwhelmed when it comes to shopping for frames and lenses online or outside your practice. The best way for you to ensure they receive a product that will function well for them is for your dispensary to handle the sale. Focus on the benefits you offer such as bundle deals, complimentary fit adjustments, and any warranty or excellent return policies.
Ultimately, you're leaving the choice to the patient. The optometrist can just help patients make medically informed decisions that aren't solely fueled by cost-cutting or personal preference.
Need more tips on generating profits in your optical dispensary? Read our ebook below.


Yes, let's have a vote to get rid of all the MPs with their overblown egos who think that they know better than the voting public.
Parliament is full of short-term thinkers, which is why businessmen should have been negotiating the deal with Brussels.
I'm confused by the letter from Harry Brooke of Meanwood in which he states that an 'egocentric metropolitan elite still don't get it'.
Would I be right in deducing that this obtuse riddle is a thinly-veiled swipe at those of us who regret the foolish and self-harming decision taken by 38 per cent of the electorate to abandon the status quo and force the good ship Britannia to sail off into choppy international waters?
There are Remainers who are Oxbridge educated but so are some prominent leavers like Boris. What the Leave campaign did - in addition to its dubious arithmetical advertising and idiotic hypothesis that the whole population of Turkey would descend on Muchbiding-in-the-Marsh one cold weekend - was to promote the delusion that cutting ties with the most successful trading bloc would be 'taking back control'. Well we know where that has led.
I'm nothing special. I've lost most of my hair and all my good looks but as approach 60 I am more convinced than ever that the vote to leave is short-sighted, egocentric (to borrow Brooke vocabulary) based on fantasy and a fundamental misunderstanding of this country's place in the world which has been considerably enhanced by membership of international organisations such as NATO and the EU.
Depriving young people of the life and career enhancing opportunity to study, live and work in Europe is cruel to them personally but harmful to this country's interests as the contacts thus developed are useful for economic success. Then there's the leavers willingness to put cancer treatment at risk by their ideologically driven rush to leave the Euratom agreement which has successfully facilitated radiotherapy for fifty years.
I read that demographics and the inevitable consequences of aging now mean that on previous voting patterns Remain would win a second referendum. When Britain voted in 1975 to remain in the EEC it was known exactly what was on offer - the vague promises of the 2016 leavers have now been shown to be vacuous with the chastened Liam Fox unable to produce trade deals that would be half as successful as the ones that we currently as EU members.
There is now a Remain majority in all four nations of the United Kingdom and a second vote in full knowledge of the facts would confirm that. Let young people aged 16 and 17 also vote on their future and I am convinced that 20 million would vote Remain. That would be the truly democratic option.
"Better no deal than a bad deal." We never hear those words anymore from our Prime Minister.
She wants us to sign up to an agreement which gives the EU everything and we get nothing. In fact we end up being a passive follower of the EU's barmy rules and regulations which other countries just ignore and we pay them £39 billion for the privilege.
There are so many disadvantages concealed in the small print. We have to make a complete break from the shackles of the EU and get our country back. Many of our most successful businessmen agree that the EU is ruining our economy and we will do much better out of it completely.
Margaret Thatcher told Tony Blair that our membership of the EU had been a complete disaster and to get us out of it. Churchill wanted a United States of Europe to save us having to sort their wars out , but did not want Britain to join.
One of the biggest injustices in recent years has been the lifting of the retirement age.
Women have been particularly hard done by . They began work in the belief that they would retire at 60, then three quarters of the way through heir working life, the Government moves the goalposts.
I don't know about anyone else, but I don't ever remembering that being in any political party manifesto.
Can you imagine anyone voting to work an extra six years? No, neither can I.
So how on earth did this policy manage to get by unnoticed? My wife has worked continually for over 40 years in a manual job , had two children, paid her stamp for all of those years and now she has to carry on until she is nearly 67. If this is progress, then you can keep it.
MPs are elected by receiving the highest number of votes cast during the election.
The choice the electorate make is a simple yes or no towards the candidates.
The winner does not necessarily receive the majority of votes, eg electorate 50,000, votes cast for elected person 21,000, votes against 29,000. The majority honour and respect the result, they do not attempt to manipulate the system to force another vote because they do not like the result.
The referendum was again a simple yes or no decision and all the rhetoric before it was each side trying to convince the electorate they were "right".
No one knows if the "winner" will make a good MP just as no one knew how good Brexit would be (or how bad). The majority voted to leave so what justification have those MPs to try to halt, disrupt or derail that decision? A decision just as lawful and binding as an election result. One hopes the electorate have good memories when the next election comes along because the actions of some MPs has been despicable and in total contravention of the principles they are supposed to uphold.
The Yorkshire Evening Post wants you to share your views.
Please send your letters to yep.newsdesk@ypn.co.uk.
Please keep letters under 300 words.


Establish guidelines consistent with Commonwealth Transportation Board regulations to permit mobile food vending in VDOT-owned commuter parking lots.
The Department shall develop guidelines, consistent with the Board's regulations and policies, to permit mobile food vending in a commuter parking lot owned by the Department of Transportation and vend to commuters. Any necessary regulatory changes shall be exempt from the Administrative Process Act.
VAC chapters to be amended Not yet determined.
Associated Regulatory Actions No regulatory action has been filed.


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Marawi's frontman
ROSES AND THORNS - Pia Roces Morato (The Philippine Star) - July 12, 2019 - 12:00am
(An exclusive with Secretary Rolando Bautista)
A week has gone by and in between my two part series on my exclusive interview with DSWD Secretary Rolando Bautista, I was serendipitously fortunate enough to have actually met the kind Secretary in person, coming from a flight back to Manila from Cebu City for the pre-SONA. I can honestly see why this man is a quiet but strong driving force in our mission to rebuild and bring back peace in the city of Marawi more so, in our nation as a whole.
To continue my interview, I asked the Secretary about Task Force Bangon Marawi and its significance in the rebuilding process. General Bautista explained that Task Force Bangon Marawi is composed of different government agencies working together toward the recovery, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of conflict-stricken Marawi City. Task Force Bangon Marawi works with the affected communities with the goal to effectively execute programs that will contribute in the healing and rebuilding process.
The biggest motivation that really struck me here and as the Secretary explained, was the mutual respect in a socio-cultural context which forms the key to collaboration and partnership with the affected community. The Philippine Army has currently tasked units especially the Civil-Military Operations Regiment and Engineering Brigade to assist Task Force Bangon Marawi in its rehabilitation efforts.
Citing the socio-cultural context is very necessary as it is in this regard that we recognize the customs and values that define a society together with the education, religion, language, social organizations as well as law and politics. This explains why the Secretary's passion to serve our countrymen is also very much deeply rooted in empathy. As a leader, empathy is very important. One cannot effectively lead if he does not have a full understanding of the people he is leading. Secretary Bautista's love for country cascaded down to the last foot soldier.
We often speak about unity or the lack of it. At most, it has been a point I have "stressed" over a few times sighting also the setbacks that come along with it. To further change my perspectives on the matter, especially since learning is lifelong, when I asked Secretary Bautista his thoughts, he simply explained that disunity among Filipinos stems out from differing political points of view, which is healthy for democracy. Even with these conflicts, Secretary Bautista believes that we are all united for progress and development in our outlook for a better Philippines. It is just a matter of having inspirational leaders whom the Filipino nation in general can look up to in properly executing the laws and administering policies.
The Secretary went on by saying, during the Marawi Crisis, we observed that the entire Filipino nation can be united in our fight against terrorism in sharing a common goal of achieving peace. Unity among the Filipino people from all walks of life came together to defeat the enemy in Marawi City. Our government forces harnessed a wide array of support from various sectors of Philippine society with the realization that the Battle of Marawi was not the battle of the Philippine Army alone, but the battle of the entire Filipino people against the evils of terrorism.
When I asked about how the rest of the Filipino can help in teaching and building peace, the Secretary explained that building and teaching peace is a shared responsibility of all. The entire Filipino nation should actively participate in promoting the culture of peace toward progress and development. (To be continued)
MARAWI ROLANDO BAUTISTA
Cebu is No. 7 in best islands in Asia
SHOOTING STRAIGHT - By Bobit S. Avila | July 16, 2019 - 12:00am
Allow me to bring you a fresh positive news about Cebu's tourism growth, when Cebu emerged as the 7th Best Island in Asia, according to the recent survey of Travel + Leisure.
The speakership
FROM THE STANDS - By Domini M. Torrevillas | July 16, 2019 - 12:00am
From my stand in faraway Mindanao, I read with amusement media's televised and printed reports the goings on in the power brokers' domain in Imperial Manila.
Serving your country
Among generations that have never seen war, it can be difficult to comprehend the need to undergo even basic military training.