What glory lies within these cylindrical shaped pieces of glass?
"people were awestruck by the pictures sent back to earth"
awe-inspiring liquid. That's why we put it right on our labels.
Each and every apple in our blends specifically loves you, and they've all come together to help improve your day.
Learn more about how we make this happen, or what it tastes like.
We're a little camera shy and to be honest, we'd really rather have our fans be awestruck than lovestruck - and we just know you will be smitten once you see our smiling faces.
(caveat mailor: if there is no candy involved they will be return-to-sender-ed).
Risk-takers, fill out the form below.
Well you've nearly made it to the bottom of this page, but just like a Choose Your Own Adventure book, there is WAY more to explore.
So we recommend clicking here, here, or here.
Or - and this is only for the most resolute swashbucklers - talk to us on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, or pictorially via Instagram!
**When mailing live animals, please include enough food and water for their journey.


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From A Certain Point Of View: Political Perspective In Speculative Fiction
Way back in the year 2000, I was snooping around the DC Comics message boards and came across a debate over who the various members of the Justice League at the time would vote for in the 2000 Presidential election One particularly memorable individual insisted that all the various Leaguers would have obviously voted for George W. Bush except for that "treehugger" Aquaman.
There is one problem with this assumption: Aquaman at the time couldn't really vote in an American election. He was the king of Atlantis. You know, foreign citizen. And given the way he was being written in his solo title at the time, it probably didn't matter much to him who the president was. Plus, there aren't many trees to hug on the bottom of the sea. Oh, and he's a fictional character.
By the way, out of that League's line-up, neither Wonder Woman nor the Martian Manhunter could vote for the same lack of citizenship. J'onn could if he were dishonest and went in disguise (and many, many times too if he's being really dishonest). Plastic Man might have had some trouble depending on whether or not he counted as a convicted felon, and quite frankly, he's probably the guy who either forgets to vote or votes for whomever Howard Stern told him to. But considering one of these characters is a telepathic shapeshifter from a very different society, one who could really get to know candidates in the way that none of the other Leaguers could, who knows what sort of political priorities J'onn J'onzz might actually have.
I bring this up because this line of thinking is actually rather fascinating to me. I remember reading a commentary on French politics, and the article said that, for the French, universal, government-provided healthcare is actually a conservative idea, because they've had that for decades. Not so here in America.
Robin Williams playing a man admired by modern Democrats and Republicans whose personal politics would not fit into either party.
I don't really want to get into real-world politics for a number of reasons. But the idea I do want to touch on is how a fictional character's political ideology should be different depending on where and when the character hails from. Aquaman should care very much about ocean dumping. He, along with his people, breathes through gills. Whether Aquaman gives a flying fig newton about the rain forests is another matter.
This is an important thing people need to keep in mind when creating outsiders to "normal" society. Depending on the medium, there may or may not be room for really in-depth exploration of these differences. Aquaman may be the butt of many a joke, and not just here, but the character is a king of an underwater kingdom. He has armies, and not just of the fish variety. Atlantis should probably be the economic powerhouse of the world considering how much territory it covers and what resources it has access to.
Sadly, most creators seems to have a hard time getting Aquaman right. Many fans do, too. They think the guy in the orange shirt who talks to fish isn't very useful and make the guy a punchline. Even the New 52 relaunch of the guy, done by generally-dependable character relauncher Geoff Johns, treated the fact most people think the guy's a joke as a running theme. Grant Morrison got the guy right when he was writing JLA. His Aquaman brought armies to fights, didn't suffer fools, and was all-business. Peter David did some good work with the guy, too. I recall one issue where he went to Japan to demand the turn-over of a fellow who killed the dolphin who raised him. During the meeting, he tells the Japanese delegation that they all look alike to him. After they accuse him of racism against Japanese people, Aquaman clarifies his statement by saying he thinks that of all surface-dwellers. And the Bruce Timm-produced Justice League cartoon went with the idea he was an underwater Conan the Barbarian, a guy who had his own reasons for doing things, reasons that made him look like a violent lunatic to Green Lantern John Stewart, but which totally worked when the viewer remembered Aquaman is a king, not a superhero!
This wasn't "The Disputed Legislative Seat of Atlantis".
There are many examples of this phenomenon working out, at least to my satisfaction. The current Marvel series New Avengers uses this with the Illuminati, an often-superfluous group, by showing that the decision-making process is different for the three kings on the team, Black Bolt, Black Panther, and Namor. Black Bolt's brother Maximus makes this point explicitly clear when he states that these men are kings, nor heroes, and they do things differently. Politics played a good role in Christopher Priest's run on the Black Panther, with the Panther being depicted as a hero to African Americans, something he neither sought, nor cared for, plus the revelation he originally joined the Avengers so he could take them down from the inside if need be to protect his kingdom. I thought the TV series Babylon 5 got it right with the more prominent of the alien cultures, and the contrast between the humans and the Cylons in the new Battlestar Galactica helped really make that series. One could even make an argument for some of the alien races on Star Trek, especially the Klingons, though most Trek aliens seem to possess one defining characteristic as a race and that characteristic is often everything their society has, which seems to be the case with the Vulcans, despite Leonard Nemoy's best efforts.
Greed is the only thing we need to define a whole alien culture, right?
One character that could really benefit from this sort of examination may be the Thanagarian Wingman version of Hawkman. He came from a planet ruled by an emperor, but embraced the U.S. Constitution. As much as Green Arrow rags on the guy for being a rightwinger (no pun intended…he has two wings), doesn't that really make Kator Hol a flaming radical by the standards of his own people? It's like if a Roman Centurion advocated for modern democracy. Something like that would be unheard of in ancient Rome, and it should be unheard of on Thanagar.
Pictured: the closest thing to Hawkman in the Gabbing Geek picture archive.
A good deal of fiction that could deal with this examination generally doesn't. That may be due to the forum being inappropriate, or the fact that it really doesn't fit in too well with the established story a creator wants to tell. But a clash of cultures over unintended misunderstandings, or the slow discovery of differences between people, can often lead to rewarding stories for the audience as well as the creator.
Or, you can cause a real-world political stink over free expression.
Posted on January 30, 2015 January 29, 2015 Author tomk74Categories Aquaman, DC, Marvel, Movies & TV, Sci-Fi & Fantasy, Superheroes & Comics, TVTags Aquaman, Babylon 5, Battlestar Galactica, Black Bolt, black panther, Bruce Timm, Christopher Priest, Cylons, Ferengi, Geoff Johns, Grant Morrison, Green Lantern, Hawkman, JLA, John Stewart, Justice League, Justice League animated, Klingons, Leonard Nemoy, Namor, New 52, New Avengers, Peter David, Politics, Thanagar, The Interview, Vulcans
4 thoughts on "From A Certain Point Of View: Political Perspective In Speculative Fiction"
supergeekerella says:
This is great – I wonder… with Kamal Khan reshaping Ms. Marvel with a very different back-story than most, if it fits into this discussion. I also wonder – who would The Avengers have voted for in the 2000 Election?
tomk74 says:
Thor can't vote. Iron Man donates a ton of money to both candidates. Cap is probably one of those old timey New Dealers, someone who clashes with Reagan-lovin' USAgent on all things political, but ultimately always votes for the best candidate. Politics angers the Hulk. Hercules, Crystal, Sersi, Black Widow, Black Panther, Namor, Scarlet Witch, and Quicksilver are foreign nationals. The Vision may not be a citizen anywhere. Sometimes questions like this are like asking what religion these guys are. If it isn't a made-up faith, or someone like Kamal Khan, you'll probably never know.
DC, meanwhile, currently has a Muslim Green Lantern.
TomKat strikes again! I just gave you that nick-name. Feel free to shun me.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is on the heels of the most dangerous year ever recorded for journalists around the world. 2017 saw the imprisonment of countless reporters, photo journalists, political cartoonists, and editors in the press. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 18 journalists were murdered last year. That number doesn't include journalists killed by crossfire or on dangerous assignments.
While the 2018 list offers up the usual suspects for worse offenders — North Korea ranks the worst at 180 beating out Syria and China at 177 and 176 respectively — the middle of the list is where the trends against free press are most obviously seen.
Terrifyingly, the line between verbal assaults on the press and physical ones, is becoming thin. Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte has warned that reporters "are not exempt from assassination." Two of the 18 listed as murdered on the CJP's database were in the Philippines. In Slovakia, the previous Prime Minister referred to journalists as "filthy anti-Slovak prostitutes" and "idiotic hyenas", 2018 started off with the murder of a Slovakian reporter in his home in February.
It is now more important than ever before for citizens to be the custodians for freedom of the press. In order to guarantee democracy at home and around the world, everyday individuals must stay vigilant monitoring the media so that journalists can not go missing without questions. So those responsible for intimidating, injuring, and disposing of reporters are called to bear the responsibility.


FRANCE : «Là où le Soleil Disparaît»: Cornélius Nyungura, le Révisionniste.
OPINION : A Renaissance Democracy.
Rwanda could be the only african country where ordinary citizens have unlimited audience with their president. Every Rwandan citizen can schedule a meeting with him provided that they do so in the right manner and by adhering to the right protocol. By Lionel Nishimwe.
When Rwanda took up the huge challenge, it was well aware that it would come under the spotlight. It would be meticulously dissected by its enemies who still refuse to acknowledge the "miracle" of the country's transformation is the handiwork visionary leadership and a determined Head of State who has the people's support.


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Earl of Harewood
Title: Earl of Harewood
Subject: Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library, Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood, Treasure Houses of England, Henry Lascelles, 5th Earl of Harewood, Harewood House
Earldom of Harewood
George III)
Peerage
Peerage of the United Kingdom
First holder
Edward Lascelles, 1st Earl of Harewood
Present holder
David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood
Alexander Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles
Remainder to
the 1st Earl's heirs male whatsoever
Subsidiary titles
Viscount Lascelles
Baron Harewood
Harewood House, seat of the Earls of Harewood
Earl of Harewood, in the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1812 for Edward Lascelles, 1st Baron Harewood, a wealthy sugar plantation owner and former Member of Parliament for Northallerton. He had already been created Baron Harewood, of Harewood in the County of York, in 1796, in the Peerage of Great Britain, and was made Viscount Lascelles at the same time as he was given the earldom. The viscountcy is used as the courtesy title by the heir apparent to the earldom. Lascelles was the second cousin and heir at law of Edwin Lascelles, who already in 1790 had been created Baron Harewood, of Harewood Castle in the County of York (in the Peerage of Great Britain). However, this title became extinct on his death in 1795.
The Earl was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He notably represented Elizabeth II and was in line of succession to the British Throne. As of 2014 the titles are held by the latter's son, the eighth Earl, who succeeded in 2011.
Several other members of the family have also gained distinction. Francis Lascelles was a Commissioner in the High Court of Justice for the trial of King Charles I although did not sign the death warrant. Thomas Lascelles, brother of the aforementioned Francis Lascelles, represented Northallerton in Parliament. Daniel Lascelles, son of the aforementioned Francis Lascelles, was member of parliament for Northallerton. Henry Lascelles, second son of the aforementioned Daniel Lascelles, was Member of Parliament for Northallerton and a Director of the Honourable East India Company. He was the father of 1) the first Baron of the 1790 creation, and 2) Daniel Lascelles, represented Northallerton in Parliament. The Honourable William Lascelles, third son of the second Earl, was a Whig politician. His third son Sir Frank Lascelles, was British Ambassador to Russia and to [[British Ambassador to Germany
Baron, United Kingdom, Peerage, Peerage of Ireland, Peerage of Great Britain
Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library
Bradford, Benjamin Godwin, Mechanics' Institute, Wool Exchange, Bradford, William Edward Forster
Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood
Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, Henry Lascelles, 5th Earl of Harewood, Peerage of the United Kingdom, British peerage, Leeds General Infirmary
Treasure Houses of England
Cultural heritage, Beaulieu Palace House, Blenheim Palace, Dukes of Marlborough, Burghley House


Had an hour or so last night to sit down and scrap (from 8:30 - 9:30). Here are the cards I turned out in that space of time. They were inspired by a card I saw in Susan Cobb's book (again). They're all three the same with just a few minor differences.
Different colors of ribbon, different brads, different color card stock (one of them), and a different sentiment inside.


Axis Of Oversteer: Axis wins in Austin!
Big props to out own CG for winning Ferrari Challenge race 2, also know as "the good one" because it's on Sunday, at Circuit of the Americas.
After starting from P5, Carlos escaped a first lap pile up which caused a long full course yellow and made a mess of the track.
Cheung went on to cross the finish line first with CG behind but was given a penalty for causing the spin and the #26 awarded victory.
After having all the speed but none of the luck earlier this year in Montreal, Carlos happily takes the luck and the win! Brilliant.
Again, if you were at the race and took pictures of the car, send them to us for a chance at some Axis swag!
PS, there is no in car video because Mr B will fine you $250K if you are caught running a camera on track during GP week end!


On April 30, 1980, a small group of people with the desire to establish a Presbyterian congregation in the Port Clinton area, met with representatives of Maumee Valley Presbytery. The first service was held on September 21, 1980, under the leadership of the Rev. Alfred Murschel, a retired pastor. We worshipped in the fellowship hall of Catawba Union Chapel on Porter Road, Catawba, until October of 1982. The Rev. Ellen McGormley served as state supply pastor from July 1981 to August 1982.
The Holy Spirit's presence and Christ's love was always evident among us, and with the Lord's leading, we were chartered as Firelands Presbyterian Church on Pentecost, May 30, 1982.
In October of 1982, we rented and renovated a remodeled barn on Sloan Road, Catawba. The Rev. Barbara Anderson and the Rev. Mark Smutney, a clergy couple, were appointed interim co-pastors from October 1982 through September 1983.
In October 1983, the Rev. Robert E. Butcher was appointed state supply pastor. In January of 1984, he was called by the congregation to be its first installed pastor. At about the same time, we began to move forward on our building program. We vacated the barn in September of 1985, and on January 12, 1986, we worshipped for the first time in our permanent church home at 2626 East Harbor Road.
In 1997, led by the inspiration of a generous memorial the congregation began to plan for an addition that would double the size of the church facilities. After a successful building fund campaign, the project was begun in the summer of 1998. The new addition was completed and dedicated in the spring of 1999.
Firelands continues to build and grow in mission and program. New members continue to come into our fellowship and our goals and horizons continue to expand. We continue to give thanks to God for all that we are, and yet will be. To Him belongs the glory.


Middle And Upper Paleolithic Hammerstones, Levallois And Blade Core Into Flint And Jasper.
Acheulian - Mousterian Levallois Core.
Levallois Core Industry ,This Was An Method Of Producing Good , Flakes With clean , And straight cutting edges.+/-225.000 Years Up To 30.000 Years.
Mousterian - Acheulian - Abbevillian Scrapers.
Mousterian - Acheulian - Abbevillian Scrapers. Convex Side-End-Nosed-Side-Concave-Straight-Doubele-Scrapers.
Acheulian - Mousterian Levallois Flakes.
The Levallois Flake , A Prepared Flake With An Dressed Striking platform.
Mousterian Disc With Thermal Symptoms.
Mousterian Disc , No Bulbs Of Percussion , Heat Of Fire Causes Thermal Symptoms On The Ventral Surface Of the Artifacts.
MICRO: Beautiful Small Tools From The Middle Stone Age.
Beautiful Tools From The Northern And Central Netherlands From Glacial Times.
Beautiful Tools From The Northern And Central Netherlands From Glacial Times. Soft And Shiny Through The Ice And Dust, Hard To Find -Scrapers-Points-Protobiface-Unface-Choppertools-Core And Small Blades. The Drenthe Area.
First Series Made From Flint Out Of Natural Little Old Pieces Later Modified With Retouch Second Series Microliths Made From Flint Out Of A Core With Percussion Bulbs And Retouch Palaeolithic The Glacial Times.
Beautiful Jasper Tools From FONTMAURE Protobiface – Biface – Uniface And Small Uniface. Jasper Beautiful And Shiny Through Time.
Beautiful Jasper Colors From FONTMAURE Gravers – Burins – Scrapers And Colored Tools.
Mousterian Fontmaure GRES And FLINT Jasper And Gres Are "Born" At The Same Time See Photo One To Four,Gres Cortex And Jasper Inside.
Fontmaure France \"GRES\". Tayacian Or Proto-Mousterian And Allied Industries.
The Iron-Augite Is A Little Iron Pimple +/- 1 x 0.5 x 0.5 Millimeter On Flint Gresse And Jasper Prehistoric Stone Artifacts, When The Soil Is Wet And There Is A Magnesium And Iron Mixture In The Soil, After 20.000 To 50.000 Years The Mixture Settles Down On The Stone Artifact In The Form Of Little Iron Pimples. The Little Iron Pimples Are Black Brown Of Color And Shine A Little. The Iron Augite Is A Sign Certificate Of Authenticity.
Prehistoric Artifacts With Cracked Surface By High Temperature Burning Of Flint.
Prehistoric Man Threw (Not Useable) Stone Tools At The Campfire Or Accidents Happened With Fire, The Cracked Surface Are Caused By High Temperature Not By Forest Fires, Note The Discoloration And Little Cracks, Make No Mistake In Thinking That This Is Preheated Flint Manipulated By Neantdethaler Man To Make Better Tools.


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Bulbophyllum gravidum is a species of epiphytic plant in the family Orchidaceae that is found in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (Bioko and Mount Cameroon, respectively). Its natural habitats are in montane, subtropical or tropical dry forests, at elevations of about 1,500 meters. The Mount Cameroon habitat, in particular, is threatened by the clearing of forest for the purpose of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) farming.

Taxonomy
Bulbophyllum gravidum was first described botanically in 1862 by John Lindley. It was treated by the botanist Vermeulen, however, as B. cochleatum var. gravidum (Lindl.) J.J.Verm in 1986, using B. gravidum as its basionym.

References

gravidum
Epiphytic orchids
Orchids of Cameroon
Orchids of Equatorial Guinea
Plants described in 1862
Vulnerable flora of Africa
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Leslie Thomas John Arlott (February 25, 1914 – December 14, 1991) was an English journalist, author and cricket commentator for the BBC's Test Match Special. He was also a poet, wine connoisseur and former police officer.
He had many books published, including: Of Period and Place, a book of poetry (1944); Indian Summer (1946); Concerning Cricket (1949); Maurice Tate (1951); Test Match Diary (1953); Vintage Summer (1967); Fred - Portrait of a Fast Bowler (1971); A Hundred Years of County Cricket (1973); John Arlott's Book of Cricketers (1979); Jack Hobbs: Profile of the Master (1981) and Basingstoke Boy: The Autobiography (1989). A Word From Arlott and Arlott In Conversation were published in 1983 and 1984 respectively as collections of his commentaries and writings.
Acquisition Note: Source: Originally laid in Choice or Chance by Edmund Blunden. PR6003 L8 C5 1934.
Scope and Contents: Correspondence from Arlott to John Betjeman proposing an anthology of topographical verse. The proposed book, Landmarks: A Book of Topographical Verse for England and Wales, was published by Cambridge University Press in 1943 by Arlott and Sir George Rostrevor Hamilton. Also includes a program of worship services for St. Patrick's Cathedral.
Page Generated in: 0.189 seconds (using 158 queries).


Gunnar offers 25% off select Computer and Gaming Eyewear, as their Father's Day Sale.
Gunnar offers 25% Off Sitewide, as their Black Friday Sale.
Ending today(10/27), Gunnar offers the Gunnar HAUS Full Rim Advanced Computer Glasses in 2 colors, for $86.13.
Prescription Lens are also available.
Features: i-AMP technology, amber lens tint, anti-glare coatings and ultra-pure lens material provide sharper, clearer vision. Made of acetate with an onyx frame finish and proper weight balance to guarantee longwearing comfort without pressure points or fatigue.
Gunnar offers $14.92 Off Select Eyewears.
Prices as shown on page. Not for prescription lens.
Gunnar offers 15% Off Crystalline Eyewear.
Today only(10/7), Gunnar offers 15% Off Prescription Eyewear.


Hi! My name is Rhian and as well as being a busy mum of two boys, I am also the founder of The Healthy Mummy.
The Healthy Mummy is a health and weight loss program created for busy mums. I started The Healthy Mummy in 2010 when I was pregnant with my first baby!
Now 8 years later I am super proud to say The Healthy Mummy has been transforming the lives of millions of mums all over the world.
In celebration of The Healthy Mummy's 8th birthday I am sharing my Top 8 Must Make Freezer Meals with you. These are just some of the thousands of healthy and nutritious recipes available on The Healthy Mummy 28 Day Weight Loss Challenges.
This is why meal prepping has become an essential part of my lifestyle. And why thousands of other mums following the Healthy Mummy 28 Day Challenges have also embraced meal prepping with great enthusiasm and results.
Read Mum's BIG meal prep success. 73 dinners for $2.10 per serve.
When it comes to prepping family-friendly meals specifically for the freezer here are my top 8. Enjoy!
Velvety and smooth, sweet and savoury, this perfectly balanced roasted pumpkin soup freezes well and can be reheated within minutes.
What makes this soup so hearty and satisfying is the addition of cannellini beans. I simply add a dash of yoghurt and a few bacon bits after I reheat. YUM!
These porcupine meatballs are a family favourite. Not only does my husband love them the kids do too.
And with two fussy little eaters, the rich tasty tomato sauce does a great job of hiding all the vegetables that I pack into these delicious meatballs. If only my children knew! Quick to prepare, I then put them in the slow cooker where they continue to cook for five hours. When they are done, I pack them away into freezer containers and I'm good to go!
Feeding a family can be an expensive exercise which is why The Healthy Mummy Weight Loss Challenges provide thousands of budget-friendly recipes. But being on a budget doesn't mean we have to miss out on flavour.
This budget beef stew is tasty and delicious and the perfect comfort food on a cool night. I'll sometimes serve this with pasta or rice for the kids and swap out the vegetables depending on what I have in the fridge.
I'm yet to meet a mum that doesn't give the Mexican Lasagne a HUGE thumbs up. It's oh so good for you and goes a loooong way.
I tend to meal prep a couple of these at a time and divide up in larger portions for my husband and smaller portions for myself and my kids. I promise your husband will be asking for seconds!
If you love Thai food then you will go nuts for this vege packed yellow chicken curry recipe. It not only smells divine, but it is also full of flavour and tastes even better when reheated.
For my fussy kids, I'll often pull a few pieces of chicken out and serve on a bed of rice. That way, we are all happy!
If you have never tried spinach and sweet potato lasagne I highly recommend you do. It's like a big mama bear hug in a dish. All the yumminess of lasagne but with way fewer calories.
It's the perfect meal to have ready in the freezer for when friends unexpectedly drop in for dinner. I simply reheat it in the oven or microwave.
I am all about saving time on my food prep which is why I like this chicken laksa recipe so much. I divide up into several containers and I am all set!
There is something comforting about having your own individual wrap on your plate. And these tasty little enchiladas don't disappoint. I divide them up and put a couple in each freezer container so I pull out exactly what I need.
Go here for your FREE copy!
Amy has gone on to lose 33.7kg! Starting at 94kg, she now weighs 60.3kg, something she hasn't weighed since she was 10 years old she says.
Kerrie has lost 17kg* and dropped 3 dress sizes (from 14-16 to 8) by following The Healthy Mummy 28 Day Weight Loss Challenges and exercises on the App as well as including The Healthy Mummy Smoothies and supplements in her diet.
In two years, Ashleigh has lost her goal of 22 kilograms* and entered maintenance mode. Once again, this mum credits the Healthy Mummy's 28 Day Weight Loss Challenge for helping her drop the excess weight.


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Publications and Guides
Course Bibliographies
Conservation and Promotion
Each semester the Library offers to its users training sessions regarding catalogues, journals and electronic resources. Upon contacting the Management, the Library is also available to arrange targeted meetings.
At the beginning of the Academic Year the Library releases a report on the participants satisfaction of the training courses.
Participants are invited to bring a laptop to all the courses in order to follow the lessons in the best possible way.
For a first approach to the Library, a Small Biblioteconomic Dictionary (in Italian) is also available.
The course consists of two sessions, one theoretical and one practical, on the following topics:
Description of a bibliographical record
Introduction of the classification systems of monographs and periodicals
Description of the different search modes using the OPAC (simple, index and advanced)
Research using other catalogues belonging to the URBE Network (Roman Union Ecclesiastical Libraries)
Here are available the slides (in Italian) on the Catalogue used during the course.
Periodicals and DigiPoint
The course includes a session on the following topics:
How to search a periodical in the Library catalogue
How to read a periodical bibliographic record
The Full Text Finder search engine for the electronic periodicals
The periodical classification system
The periodical location and maps
The ACNP catalogue to find out the latest printed issues arrived in the Library
The list of periodicals at binding to find out issues temporally not available in the Library
The Document Delivery Service
The DigiPoint platform of Library electronic resources
Remote access to electronic resources
Here are available the slides (in Italian) on Periodicals and DigiPoint used during the course.
The course includes two sessions on how to use different databases:
Basic course: terminology, Boolean operators, bibliographic and full text databases, comparing database contents, electronic lexicons, dictionaries, and encyclopedias
Databases on sources: use and functions of Mirabile, Patrologia Latina, Acta Sanctorum, Library of Latin Texts, BibleWorks, and Responsa Project, illustration of electronic collections of canon law, ecclesial documents, and opera omnia of an author
Short descriptions (in Italian) of the Bibliographic and Full Text Databases and Databases on sources of the Library of the Pontifical Gregorian University are available.
function and role of the citation in academic communication
introduction to the Reference Manager Software: what they are, what they are for
Zotero: the project, the program, the installation, the components, the styles available
acquisition of the bibliography from the web (eg OPAC of the Gregorian and other databases) and manual insertion of bibliographic records
bibliography management: annotations, notes, tags, links between records, attachments, synchronization, searches, management of a shared bibliography
citation style setting: search, installation, modification of the style in Word, use of the bibliography for the notes and preparation of the final bibliography according to the rules adopted by the Gregorian University (see Typographical rules for the composition of texts with the computer by Roland Meynet and Jacek Oniszczuk, Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2013)
quote in Word: single, multiple, with prefixes and suffixes; complex notes
synchronization with the Zotero site/profile
using the same file on multiple computers (Windows and Mac)
The Library has prepared a tutorial for the software installation (in Italian), to guide users in preparation for the practical exercise scheduled for the second day. The slides presenting the Zotero software used during the course are also available.
User Education Schedule (II Semester A.Y. 2018-2019)
Monday, March 4th (theoretical session) Room C 211, 1:30-2:45 p.m.
Wednesday March 6th (practical session) Room C 211, 1:30-2:45 p.m.
Monday, March 11th, Room C 211, 1:30-2:45 p.m.
Monday, March 18th (basic course) Room C 211, 1:30-2:45 p.m.
Wednesday, March 20th (databases on sources) Room C 211, 1:30-2:45 p.m.
Thursday, March 28th (theoretical session), Room C 008, 13:30-14:45 p.m.
Friday, March 29th (practical session), Room C 008, 13:30-14:45 p.m.
In order to participate, you have to complete a booking form.
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Home » Sections » Reading Around » Inspiring the Woman Writer
Inspiring the Woman Writer
Posted on April 25, 2018 by MJ Hanley-Goff in Reading Around
"I found a safe place to have a voice. There are all levels of writing, and all levels matter." – past International Women's Writing Guild participant.
What a lovely way to describe the fellowship of the International Women's Writing Guild (IWWG) which this past week hosted its Spring Conference "Write, Pitch, Publish" at the Poet's House in downtown Manhattan. Offered to the 60 or so women attendees: a day of writing and publishing workshops with panels of industry experts; quite a full day at that when you hear that it began at 8:30 a.m. and went well past 6 p.m.
Lisa Irish, published author, raises a point as Andrene Bonner looks on.
After welcoming remarks, the attendees went to their respective workshops. In the main room, writer, and intuitive coach, Cathleen O'Connor, explained the "narrative arc" in fiction and non-fiction, while upstairs in the library, author and writing coach, Paula Chafee Scardamalia offered a "crash course" in how to sell a manuscript to an agent or editor. Both are experts in their respective fields and spent a generous amount of time answering questions and providing valuable insight and real-life examples.
O'Connor took the group through a few exercises on writing a narrative which follows a series of events from the start of the story and setting the scene, as the conflict starts to move the story. The arc continues as the action moves the story along, and then as the arc descends, there's a reversal of the conflict, and gentle closing of the story. With illustrations and writing examples — on our own and in groups — O'Connor was able to hone in on the essential writing formula that began as she says, "in the days of Aristotle, who created the structure," although his was the simpler Act 1, Act 2 and Act 3. Lastly, if we still needed more examples of the narrative style, we need only turn to a Disney movie. "Cinderella," O'Connor shared, "has an excellent narrative arc."
Paula Scardamalia presents her "pitch the agents" workshop.
Meanwhile, Scardamalia had an equally engaged group discussing how to pitch a fiction or non-fiction manuscript, and the questions kept coming. Her advice? Make your story idea unique, different and sellable. Don't fill your pitch with unnecessary information that detracts from the written work, i.e., the author's credentials, or previous works. Also, know your word count, not page count. "New writers," she explains, "should only pitch stories that are no more than 90,000 words. Only established writers would be able to have the potential of selling something over 100k."
After a catered lunch, the afternoon featured a "meet the agents" session, a poetry workshop, and an open mic section where attendees could read aloud their writing samples. And what writer's conference would be complete without a chance for new published works to be celebrated, to be displayed, and to be signed by the author – so inspiring for the author to be. Guild President Judy Huge explains, "this event gives attendees a full experience of the path to publishing – to write, to pitch and to publish," and is pleased to say that several of the attendees were invited to send in their proposals and sample chapters to the agents.
The IWWG, supports and encourages the creative community of women writers across all genres and at all ages. It has an annual week-long conference each summer (this year, it will be held July 6 – 13 at Muhlenberg College in Allentown, PA) and offers regional conferences in Boston and California. The IWWG's Digital Village connects women writers from around the world with online workshops, panels, interviews, book clubs and support. It also provides writing contests throughout the year.
The Guild boasts that in its 41-year history, over 4,000 books have been published by its members. For more information on the IWWG, visit the website.
All pictures taken by Kelly DuMar.
Top: Julie Maloney and Paula Scardamalia addresses the attendees, congratulating Guild members who've had books published.
About MJ Hanley-Goff (142 Articles)
MJ Hanley-Goff has been contributing to Woman Around Town since its inception in 2009. She began her career at Newsday in the early 90's and has continued writing professionally for other New York publications like the Times Herald-Record, Orange Magazine, and Hudson Valley magazine. Former editor of Hudson Valley Parent magazine, she also contributed stories to AAA's Car & Travel, and Tri-County Woman. After completing her novel and a self-help book, she created MJWRITES, INC. to offer writing workshops and book coaching to first time authors, and college essay writing help to students. MJ is thrilled and honored to write for WAT for the amazing adventures it offers, like reviewing concerts, people, authors, events, and tourist attractions in New York, and around the world. "I enjoy drawing attention to the off-the-beaten path kinds of stories," she says. "It's great big world out there, with so many talented and creative artists, doers, and thinkers."


Image courtesy of Charlesbridge Publishing.
"Who knew?" was my first response when I read the new book by our Charles Street neighbor, the retired Academic Dr. Lisa E. Davis. It certainly is no different from Under The Mink: A Novel in delicious surprise value. In her latest excavation of lost history, in Undercover Girl, Davis introduces us to Angela Calomiris, a woman that no one would have mistook for a heterosexual female—except J. Edgar Hoover and his militia of anti-Communist snoopers.
Angela was born in 1916 to Greek-American immigrants and was brought up on the Lower East Side. She lived through the crash of 1929 and knew how the loss of jobs destroyed families, etc. Angela moved across town to Greenwich Village as soon as she was of age. She wanted to be where lesbians lived.
Angela wanted to be a photographer. Poor, she took menial jobs and started studying at the low-cost, politicized Photo League. There, she was recruited into the Communist Party and slowly rose to the rank of Financial Secretary. The mid-1940s were becoming a time of increased surveillance. In her role as Financial Secretary, Angela was privy to the real names and finances of the Party. While working as a photographer at the Photo League, she volunteered to become an FBI informant. Her motivation, she said, was to be "a hero." Hoover saw that Communism, after World War II, was becoming a threat. The Russians had been our allies and he knew Russia actually stopped Hitler's troops. Receiving large government funding to stop Communism, J. Edgar welcomed Agent Calomiris, and gave her a handler and a stipend.
When the Smith Act was passed, 12 leaders of the Communist Party were arrested and put on trial in D.C.—10 of the men were white and two were black. One was an elected City Council Member. The trial became a template for Joe McCarthy and the House of Un-American Activities' "RED SCARE" blacklist and witch-hunt.
Davis is an excellent researcher and peppers the pages with facts while, at the same time, in a Damon Runyon-style, keeps the readers from drowning in information by vividly capturing the personalities of all players.
Calomiris tried to platform her trial celebrity into a revenue stream. She was helped by anti-Communist Eleanor Roosevelt on her radio show etc., not because of Sapphic sisterhood but because of her "brave" undercover work. She published a ghost-written book, which tried to femme her up (unsuccessfully). Most of her lesbian friends walked away because she had exposed a closeted NYC lesbian cop and her lover as Party members.
Angela took her sleuthing skills to real estate and bought property, dirt cheap, in Provincetown, Massachusetts and moved there while always keeping her Village apartment. In P-town, no one knew of her role in destroying the U.S. Communist Party, the Photo League, and the lives of its members.
Lisa E. Davis will be at the Bureau of General Services-Queer Division, to read from UNDERCOVER GIRL, sign books, and answer your questions on May 10th at 201 West 13th Street at 7:00 p.m.


Larceny is a broad term that encompasses many different types of criminal theft. While many states use the term "larceny" in criminal codes to describe stealing, New Jersey uses the term theft instead.
Under New Jersey law, an individual is guilty of theft if he "unlawfully takes, or exercises control over movable property of another with purpose to deprive him thereof." Property is defined broadly and can mean anything of value. Moreover, the definition encompasses both tangible and intangible property. The New Jersey criminal code distinguishes between theft by unlawful taking or disposition, theft by deception, and theft by extortion. Shoplifting, auto-theft, or other unlawful takings of property are also considered theft offenses in New Jersey.
Theft charges typically vary depending on the value of the property stolen. In New Jersey theft can be a second, third or fourth degree crime. Additionally, lesser degrees of theft may be classified as a disorderly persons offense or a misdemeanor.
You may face a second-degree theft charge if the value of the item stolen exceeds $75,000. This charge has a potential sentence of up to 10 years in jail. Additionally, property taken by extortion, regardless of value, can lead to a second-degree theft charge. New Jersey law also classifies theft as a second-degree crime if the property stolen is an illegal drug of at least one kilogram, or human remains. If the value of the property stolen exceeds $500, but is less than $75,000, it can be charged as a third-degree crime. For a third-degree theft charge, the maximum potential sentence is five years. Theft may also be considered a third-degree crime if the property stolen is a firearm, motor vehicle, vessel, boat, horse, or domestic companion.
Theft may also be charged as a fourth-degree crime if the value of the stolen property exceeds $200, but remains under $500. This charge may carry with it up to 18 months in jail. Finally, theft can be charged as a disorderly persons offense if the amount stolen is less than $200. A disorderly persons offense has a maximum penalty of up to six months in jail. Shoplifting is considered a petty-theft crime that comes with penalties. Petty-theft is typically charged as a misdemeanor if it is a first offense. Additionally, if the value of the property stolen is between $50 and $400, it can be classified as a misdemeanor.
There are several affirmative defenses to theft by unlawful taking in New Jersey. One of the most common defenses to theft is known as the claim of right doctrine. You may have a valid defense to a theft charge if you can demonstrate that you believed you had a claim to the property. Additionally, a prosecutor must prove a defendant knowingly took the property of another. As a result, another viable defense to a theft charge is that the property was taken by mistake.


Jie Li, Michael Kaess, Ryan M. Eustice and Matthew Johnson-Roberson, Pose-Graph SLAM Using Forward-Looking Sonar. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(3):2330-2337, 2018.
This letter reports on a real-time simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for an underwater robot using an imaging forward-looking sonar and its application in the area of autonomous underwater ship hull inspection. The proposed algorithm overcomes challenges associated with deliverable underwater acoustic SLAM, including feature and false-positive data association when utilizing sonar imagery. An advanced machine technique is used to provide saliency-aware loop closure proposals. A more reliable association approach using different available constraints is also developed. Our evaluation is presented on the real-world data collected in a ship hull inspection application, which the system's performance and robustness.


When I say that I LOVE LOVE LOVE giving gifts, I really mean it. Don't get me wrong, I love shopping for myself just as much. But it's something about searching for the perfect thing that you know that person will actually enjoy (like, NOT gift cards). And even more than that, I love finding extra little things to go along with the "main" present.
In the past few months I had some people in my life moving to new places. Putting their gifts together was super fun, so I wanted to share them and inspire a few ideas in case you have a friend or family member on their way to a new place as well!
To pair with the hand lettered tray, I added a fave candle that she had commented on at our house before (a hard thing to buy for people unless you keep your ears open!) and some matches. Card was from one of our Wilde House Paper Boxes.
Obviously flowers and champagne... because you can really never go wrong with the two so why not throw them in!
So here's how I always like to think of curating a little gift for someone... think of something useful they'll need, pair it with a few small accessories to round it out, then add in a fun element like a mini bouquet of fresh flowers or their fave bottle of wine, and done. What are your go to hostess or house warming gifts?


Prinect – Smart Print Shop. Prerequisites and Potential.
Dive Deeper Into Prinect at International Prinect User Days 2019!
Meet with Experts in the Graphic Finishing Industry at Odyssey Expo 2019!
Consider the plight of the pressroom manager who's just been informed that he's now in charge of moving all of his company's equipment to another location. Each of the OEMs he calls for help recommends a different rigging and hauling contractor, and each contractor submits a different quote. Production is at risk for serious interruption while the overburdened manager struggles to coordinate the logistics without becoming overwhelmed by the endless details.
As the printing industry continues to reshape itself through mergers, plant closures, and other kinds of consolidation, more shops are confronting the stress of moving heavy production machinery for the first time. By entrusting the task to Heidelberg Equipment Relocation Services, shops get a worry-free experience that takes care of everything from dismantling, rigging, and transportation to reassembly, commissioning and testing – with peace of mind and a single invoice at the end of the process.
Ordinary contractors move machines. Heidelberg Equipment Relocation Services move workflows: presses and related supporting equipment that must be resituated and brought back on line simultaneously so that interruptions will be minimal. Only when the equipment is fully reinstalled and restored to prior running condition will Heidelberg call the job complete.
Recently, a Heidelberg relocation team was called upon to break down, transport and reassemble a workflow consisting of a Speedmaster CD 102-6+L, two full stitching lines, two POLAR cutters, three Heidelberg Stahlfolders, numerous small Heidelberg die cutters, and three small two-color presses. To the customer's surprise – and delight – the team accomplished everything as promised in just seven days. Heidelberg can also plan timelines based on cost sensitivity instead.
Projects aren't limited to Heidelberg equipment. If the customer wants something moved, Heidelberg will, regardless of brand, convey the equipment safely to its new home. Equipment Relocation Services also can arrange for insurance, issued in the owner's name, so that the customer's investment will be protected from start to finish.
Some contractors advertise "turnkey" relocation services, but shops facing moves should investigate whether these services truly are as comprehensive as Heidelberg's. If a project involves repairs, Heidelberg can provide extended warranties on all qualified mechanical and electrical parts installed by Heidelberg SystemService technicians and their partners.
As the world's leading seller of sheetfed offset presses, Heidelberg has installed and re-installed printing equipment of all types in virtually every corner of the globe. This has enabled them to build a network of authorized service providers that Equipment Relocation Services can draw upon no matter where the need arises. Heidelberg coordinates all of their activities so that the customer doesn't have to.
To get more information about Heidelberg's Equipment Relocation Services, call (800) 437-7388 or email info@heidelberg.com.
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Welcome to Fountain Documentation. You'll find comprehensive guides and documentation to help you start working with Fountain as quickly as possible, as well as support if you get stuck. Let's jump right in!


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El gabinete de Otto Pérez Molina fue el cuadragésimo octavo gabinete de la República de Guatemala, que entró en funciones el 14 de enero de 2012 y tuvo que terminar funciones el 3 de septiembre de 2015 debido a la renuncia del Presidente Perez Molina por la serie de manifestaciones que se habían dado meses antes en protesta de actos de corrupción del gobierno de turno.

Composición

Gobierno de Guatemala
Política de Guatemala


Former District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis announced endorsements Wednesday from 10 law-enforcement associations in her bid for a seat on the county Board of Supervisors.
The Deputy Sheriffs Association, San Diego Police Officers Association and the San Diego Police Chiefs and Sheriffs Association were among those endorsing her bid to replace Ron Roberts, who is leaving office due to term limits. The Republican Dumanis also has the endorsement of Mayor Kevin Faulconer and Roberts.
Dumanis is running against Republican businesswoman Marcia Nordstrom, and four Democrats — former Assembly Speaker Lori Saldana, attorney Omar Passons, former deputy fire chief Ken Malbrough and former Assemblyman Nathan Fletcher.
Although District 4 has nearly twice as many registered Democrats than Republicans, Roberts, a Republican, has represented the area on the board since 1994.
Dumanis was the first openly gay district attorney in the country. After her 2002 election, she was re-elected three times, running unopposed in 2006 and 2010 and prevailing in the 2014 primary.
Other groups that endorsed her Wednesday were the Deputy District Attorneys Association, District Attorney Investigators Association, Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge No. 10, National Latino Peace Officers Association, Chula Vista Police Officers Association, San Diego Community College District Police Officers Association and San Diego Community College Police Officers Association.


Genomic breeding value estimation is the key step in genomic selection. Among many approaches, BLUP methods and Bayesian methods are most commonly used for estimating genomic breeding values. Here, we applied two BLUP methods, TABLUP and GBLUP, and three Bayesian methods, BayesA, BayesB and BayesCÏ€, to the common dataset provided by the 15th QTL-MAS Workshop to evaluate and compare their predictive performances.
For the 1000 progenies without phenotypic values, the correlations between GEBVs by different methods ranged from 0.812 (GBLUP and BayesCÏ€) to 0.997 (TABLUP and BayesB). The accuracies of GEBVs (measured as correlations between true breeding values (TBVs) and GEBVs) were from 0.774 (GBLUP) to 0.938 (BayesCÏ€) and the biases of GEBVs (measure as regressions of TBVs on GEBVs) were from 1.033 (TABLUP) to 1.648 (GBLUP). The three Bayesian methods and TABLUP had similar accuracy and bias.
BayesA, BayesB, BayesCÏ€ and TABLUP performed similarly and satisfactorily and remarkably outperformed GBLUP for genomic breeding value estimation in this dataset. TABLUP is a promising method for genomic breeding value estimation because of its easy computation of reliabilities of GEBVs and its easy extension to real life conditions such as multiple traits and consideration of individuals without genotypes.
Article made possible through the contribution of Chong-Long Wang, Pei-Pei Ma, Zhe Zhang, Xiang-Dong Ding, Jian-Feng Liu, Wei-Xuan Fu, Zi-Qing Weng, Qin Zhang and BioMed Central.


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» Banking & Insurance
QIB retains its position as the Best Islamic Bank in The Middle East and Qatar from The Banker Magazine
Qatar Islamic Bank (QIB) continues to demonstrate its commitment to service excellence and growth by retaining its leading position in the region and winning prestigious awards from The Banker Magazine – the world's longest running international banking title and the leading monthly title of the Financial Times Group.
The Banker has named QIB the Best Islamic Bank in the Middle East, for a second year in a row, and The Best Islamic Bank in Qatar, for the eighth consecutive year, based on the Bank's outstanding performance during the fiscal year 2019. Established in 1926, The Banker is read by senior decision makers at the world's foremost financial institutions. Each year, The Banker produces a definitive ranking of the industry's best Islamic financial institutions in order to promote and reward excellence in the global Islamic banking community.
QIB's Group CEO, Mr. Bassel Gamal, said: "We are pleased to see that our Bank's commitment and dedication to all its stakeholders are recognized by such an established organization. These awards display our leading position in the region and truly motivate us to keep improving and striving for more. The positive financial results of the last few years are a testament to our strong performance in local, regional, and global markets, despite the challenging economic and regional situation. Achieving such awards and success would not be possible without the hard work of all our employees and our customers' loyalty. I would like to take this opportunity, on behalf of the Board of Directors and the executive management, to thank each one of them for their continuous dedication and loyalty."
Registering increasing growth rates for the seventh consecutive year, QIB delivered a record performance in 2019, continued to make strong progress on its digital transformation program and grew across all its business segments. QIB also increased its customer satisfaction scores and has further invested in its people and improved internal processes and efficiency across the entire group.
For the year 2019, QIB achieved a net profit of QAR 3,055.4 Million, representing a growth of 10.9% for the same period in 2018. Financing activities have reached QAR 113.8 Billion and have grown by 11.3% compared to December 2018. Customer Deposits of the Bank stood at QAR 111.6 Billion registering a strong growth by 11% compared to December 2018. Total Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 amounted to QAR 7,738.2 Million, registering 12.4% growth compared to 2018, reflecting a healthy growth in the Bank's core operating activities.
The Bank's strategy is closely tied with Qatar's National Vision 2030 and the Government's commitment to investments in the country's infrastructure, the diversification of the economy and the development of a strong private sector. Over the past few years, QIB's leadership has been working on a business strategy to build a long-lasting competitive advantage by introducing new products and services, boosting service performance, developing the Bank's risk management framework, and migrating to new technology platforms that allow the Bank to better serve its customers. The successful implementation of this strategy has contributed to the Bank's leading position in Qatar and the region.
For more information, please visit www.qib.com.qa
Bassel Gamal
Qatar Islamic Bank
National Vision 2030
From Banking & Insurance
Barwa Bank Group discloses its financial statement for the second quarter of 2020
QFC Regulatory Authority takes disciplinary action against David Russell


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REVIEW: TERMINAL EMULATORS FOR THE hp 150 AND IBM PC
Stan Sieler
This article evaluates seven terminal emulator packages for the HP 150 and the IBM PC:
PC 2622, from Walker Richer & Quinn Inc., Seattle, Washington;
PC-45, from IMACS, Marina Del Rey, California;
VDTE, from Inner Loop Software, Los Angeles, California;
PC2624B, from Direct, Inc., Santa Clara, California;
ADVANCELINK, from Hewlett-Packard;
ALLY/150, from Computing Capabilities, Mountain View, California.
An HP 150 can be used as a standalone terminal, but it offers only 2 pages of display memory and no access to disk storage. Thus, emulators like PC 2622 and enhancers like ADVANCELINK and ALLY/150 can greatly increase the usability of the HP 150.
Unlike the HP 150 (or other HP terminals), which has built-in displays, the IBM PC comes with a choice of two basic display types: monochrome (high quality text) or color (low-quality text). Unless otherwise noted, all of the programs reviewed here run on either a monochrome display adapter or a color display adapter. (Note: It is possible to run a color monitor with high quality text, but it costs about $1,000 and up. My Compaq does this with a Persyst BOB board and a Taxan 440 RGB color monitor.)
Because of hardware differences, it is not possible for a vanilla IBM PC to display all of HP's line-drawing character set, or any of the display-functions character set. The comparison tables show how each emulator copes with its hardware limitations.
For the IBM PC: PC 2622, PC-45, and VDTE were run on a Compaq Deskpro with 640KB RAM and a hard disk. PC2624B was run on an IBM PC with 320K RAM and a hard disk. (The Compaq Deskpro is compatible with an IBM PC, but defaults to running at 8 megahertz, rather than 4.77, just like an HP 150.)
For the HP 150: PC 2622, ALLY, and ADVANCELINK were run on an HP 150 with 640KB RAM, where 256K is reserved for a RAM disk.
Both the Compaq and the HP 150 were direct-connected to an HP 3000/40, and all timing tests were run with no other users on the HP 3000.
All the programs were tested over a one-month period and were subjected to a uniform testing process as well as random day-today testing. All performance results are in the comparison tables.
As I began the review I wondered if any one product would be so superior to the others that there would be essentially no choice in which are to purchase. On the contrary, each of the products reviewed provides something unique. See if your conclusions match mine.
Emulators for the IBM PC
PC 2622 is a PC-DOS program that emulates an HP 2622 terminal. In addition, PC 2622 provides a number of powerful features, including type ahead, color enhancements, horizontal scrolling, a powerful command facility, and file transfer.
PC 2622 also provides an apparently complete emulation of three DEC terminals: VT52, VT102, and VT220.
PC 2622 is easy to learn and use. A new user need only remember one magic keystroke, ALT-H, which will display a help screen to remind him or her of how to enter any HP 2622 key that does not have an equivalent on the IBM PC keyboard (for example, the Clear Line key).
The file-transfer mechanism is a joy to use. It provides both a command-driven and a menu-driven interface. For example, if you want to download an ASCII file, FOO, from the HP 3000 to the IBM PC, use the following keystrokes:
Alt-Y     (enters command mode)
R FOO (Receive file FOO from host)
A grand total of seven keystrokes!
If I forgot the syntax for the R command, I could enter:
Alt-Y
HELP R
Sometimes it is easier to use a "fill-in-the-blanks" menu for a file transfer, which is easy too with the following sequence of keystrokes:
Alt-A     (Pull up Aids softkey menu)
F7        (enter File transfer menu)
(fill in blanks)
The file transfer was the fastest, most comprehensive, and easiest to use of any of the packages tested.
Some of the choices for key substitutions, notably HOME and END, seem a bit odd. To home the cursor, CTRL-HOME must be used; CTRL-END will home-down. At first, I couldn't stand this feature, but I've found it has help break me of a nasty habit. I habitually press HOME and CLEAR, which really isn't necessary on modern terminals. And, with PC 2622 and its voluminous storage capacity, a HOME and CLEAR represents the loss of a lot of information! However, because PC 2622 forces me to do a CTRLHOME to move the cursor to the top of the screen, my unconscious use of HOME and CLEAR does not clear memory but, instead, clears the line the cursor is on.
If you are having problems with binary uploads, which can happen when you are connected to an ATP under MPE-V/E (or later), you can tell PC 2622 to use a nonbinary protocol by entering the CONFIG TRANSFER menu (Alt-A, F-7, F-2), and changing the HOST STARTUP SEQUENCE to: RUN PCLINK.PUB.SYS;PARM=1.
I experienced no problems in testing PC 2622. I found it extremely reliable.
PC 2622 comes with an IBM-style 3-ring binder that contains a 123 page operations manual, a 201 page reference manual, and a combined index. The manual comes in a box, just like manuals from IBM. The manuals are somewhat difficult to read, and could be improved by adding white space between paragraphs.
The manual devotes several sections to trouble shooting.
I called Walker Richer & Quinn several times with questions. Usually, my questions were answered by a support person during the initial call. My more difficult questions necessitated follow-up a call from them. I was even able to get some technical assistance after 5:00 p.m. (PST).
PC-45 is a low-cost program that allows an IBM PC (or compatible) to emulate most features of an HP 2645. Designed to run in conjunction with IMACS' DATA EXPRESS package, PC-45 provides enough features to be reviewed as a standalone terminal emulator.
In addition to providing a subset of an HP 2645, PC-45 also provides a simple ASCII file-transfer mechanism.
PC-45 is a very usable program. It provides many of the features of an HP 2645 terminal except some of the more esoteric ones, such as multipoint communication, data-field checking, insert/delete character with wraparound, binary read, monitor mode, and son on.
When you enter block mode, PC-45 automatically redefines the Return key to mean "enter." (The original meaning is obtained by pressing CTRL-Return.) This is a maddening feature, one that caused a lot of puzzlement and extra work for me. Many editors require the use of the Return key to move about the screen. Indeed, while typing this section of the review I was using PC-45 and a block-mode editor. I accidentally hit Return rather than CTRL-Return two out of five times.
Despite the missing HP 2645 esoteric functions, PC-45 satisfied all of my day-to-day uses. Its most severe limitation is the lack of a line-drawing character set and the automatic redefinition of the Return key.
PC-45 "froze" twice during a week's worth of use, but no other problems surfaced. These freezes happened the first hour I was using PC-45, while I was still learning how to use it. I was unable to duplicate either freeze.
The manual is the size of normal IBM-PC manuals, and consists of 24 pages of text, a table of contents (no index), and is punched for a 3-hole binder (although, it does not come with a binder). It is typeset and easy to read. The manual does not include any trouble shooting information. An old version of the manual is included on the distribution disk. Having a version on disk is nice, because you can always exit PC-45 and then use PC-DOS or your favorite editor) to browse the manual.
I did not call IMACS with any problems during the evaluation period; but, rather, called for other reasons. Generally, I was able to contact the necessary individuals; if not, my calls were always promptly returned. Someone even answered the phone after 5:00 p.m.! They were not aware of any bugs that would cause a "freeze".
VDTE
VDTE is a PC-DOS program that allows an IBM PC (or compatible) to emulate most features of an HP 2624 or an HP 2648. It is the only emulator currently available that offers any form of HP graphics.
VDTE can be configured to respond as one of three different types of terminals: HP 2624, HP 2648, or DEC VT52. When setup as an HP 2648, it supports a subset of HP 2648 graphics that includes enter/exit graphics mode (ESC*dC, ESC*dD) and vector plotting (ESC*p...) with absolute, incremental, and relative coordinates.
VDTE's graphics differ from that of an HP 2648 in that it has no graphics cursor; no separate graphics memory (text and graphics are merged in memory; a "scroll" of text will also scroll the graphics); its resolution is 640 pixels by 200 pixels (the 2648 is 720 by 360); no pattern drawing; and no ZOOM.
Also note that VDTE's graphics requires a color-display adapter not a monochrome-display adapter.
Overall, VDTE is the "strangest" emulator tested. It doesn't "feel" like an HP terminal. For example, when a configuration menu presents three choices, it lists them in the middle of the screen like this:
An HP terminal, or any of the other emulators, would provide either 3 labelled function keys (F1, F2, F3) or a "fill-in-the blanks" menu. This is a minor quibble, but can be disconcerting when you try to use it. I think that emulators should "feel" as much like an HP terminal as possible ... particularly because some users will be switching between real terminals and emulated terminals, and they don't need unnecessary differences added to the unavoidable differences!
Some of the IBM PC keys work very strangely in VDTE. The two worst can cause a lot of work. (1) The END key erases from the cursor to the end of the screen. No other emulator uses this key in this manner; almost all use it to mean Home Down. (2) The usual IBM PC BREAK method (holding CTRL and hitting the Break key) causes VDTE to terminate immediately. I came up against this flaw at least a dozen times. What's worse is that it would have been easy for the programmer of VDTE to handle this key differently. Even now, I have to look in the manual to find that a Break is sent by hitting ALT-F10.
Block mode doesn't completely work. ENTRY was the only block mode program tested that ran fully, and that test is a very short one, with one simple field. FORMSPEC aborts or malfunctions after reading the form definition screen. QEDIT visual mode fails. It seems like VDTE goes out of its way to function in exactly the wrong manner: in the programs that failed, data typed onto the screen while in block mode does not appear on the screen but DOES get transmitted (as it is typed) directly to the host. (In block mode, the data is supposed to be local until the Enter key is pressed.)
Testing shows that the probable bug is associated with format mode. Any time the terminal is put into block mode without being put into format mode (for example, QEDIT, TDP, parts of FORMSPEC), VDTE forgets to put you into block mode and it still transmits characters to the HP 3000.
I tried two CSL games, SPACEWARE and VOYAGER, and several HP graphics programs on VDTE. None of them worked. SPACEWAR doesn't see VDTE as an HP 2648, and VOYAGER relies on some HP 2648 features that are not supplied by VDTE.
VDTE crashed several times while I was using it, but I was unable to duplicate these. This, coupled with its block mode bugs, lead to give its low reliability score.
The manual consists of 49 text pages, a table of contents, and an index. It is roughly the same size as IBM PC manuals, and is punched for a 3-hole binder. However, it comes staple-bound, thus, does not need a binder. It is typeset and easy to read. The manual has a section on trouble shooting, but no summary of IBM-PC-to-HP-key sequences.
I had no technical questions for Inner Loop Software. However, in general when I called them prior to 5:00 p.m. (PST), they answered. An answering machine guaranteed a message reply mechanism. They were not aware of any bugs that could cause VDTE to crash, but were aware of problems with block mode.
PC2624B
PC2624B is a combination PC-DOS program and hardware board that allows an IBM PC (or a DIRECT PC or other compatible) to emulate an HP 2624B. The emulation appears to be perfect: The line drawing character set and the display enhancements exactly match HP's.
To function, it requires that either a monochrome or color display adapter card already be in the IBM PC in addition to the PC2624B board. For testing, I installed the board into an IBM PC that had an IBM monochrome card and an IBM monochrome display.
Installing the board was straightforward (although I did have to pull another board out to make room for the PC2624B--all five of my PCs slots were full).
The secret to PC2624B is that the cable from the old display board (either flavor) runs from the board to the PC2624B board, and a new cable runs from the PC2624B board to the monitor. In effect, the PC2624B board has a "video switch" on it. This switch is set so that the video signal coming into the PC2624B board from the old PC board goes straight out to the monitor all the time unless the PC2624B emulator program is running. Then, the old PC card is ignored and only the PC2624B card is producing video output.
Thus, Direct appears to have built a card with all of the display hardware necessary for a 2624B terminal and found a slick way to add it to an existing PC without requiring the purchase of a second monitor.
PC2624B does not stop at exact emulation, it also provides some impressive extensions: 80-or 132-column display; 27 display rows on an IBM monitor (25 is usual); double high/wide characters; smooth scrolling; optional down-loadable character set; and file transfer.
The display can be switched to 80-and 132-character mode with the push of a softkey or via an escape sequence. The text currently displayed is not lost by switching.
The time and date are displayed on the status line (line 27). The status line shows Insert Character mode, but not Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock.
The smooth scroll feature impressed me, especially considering I don't like smooth scroll. I always turn it off on those HP terminals that support it, but I was impressed at seeing my PC doing a smooth scroll. Then I turned it off.
PC2624B also provides a lot of display memory, although the amount can vary depending on available computer memory and average line length. (See the comparison tables).
PC2624B was easy to use. Setting parameters consisted of walking through a tree of softkeys, just like on an HP 2624. However, its choice of key sequences to simulate missing HP keys was poor. Almost every "extra" sequence was implemented as Alt and/or CTRL and/or Shift Fkey. For example, Clear Display was Alt-F8, Insert Line was Alt-F2. All of the other emulators at least tried to make the functions mnemonic (for example, Alt-I to insert a line, Alt-D to delete a line). This key-sequence design was certainly not made with the user (or programmer) in mind.
The Break key sequence has also changed, inexplicably since it already exists on the IBM PC keyboard. With PC2624B a BREAK is generated by hitting Alt-CTRL-BREAK.
I think that Direct should have chosen different default values for two of the configuration parameters: key click and baud rate. The first time I ran PC2624B, key click was on...and it makes a rather obnoxious sound, so I turned it off. Also, the baud rate was set to 2400 baud. The only users who would choose 2400 baud are those direct connected to an HP3000 Series III (or II). The majority of direct connected users would want 9600 baud. (Some would probably want 19200!) Users who plan to connect to an HP3000 via a modem would typically choose 1200 baud. Thus, 2400 baud is almost always the wrong choice.
The file-transfer program leads to a set of softkeys that do things like upload, download, and DOS commands. The file transfer program is easy to use, when it works. Upon entering file transfer, your screen is cleared, then the file-transfer status is displayed on the top third of the screen, with the bottom two-thirds reserved for further communication between you and the host computer. This is a nice feature. You can continue to type text to the HP 3000, and its responses will be shown in this window. At any time, you can press one of the softkeys to do functions such as Transfer from Host, Transfer to Host, Upload the Transfer Program, or you can ask for further software choices.
Unfortunately, when I tried to type to the HP 3000 while in this window, PC2624B froze at the first keystroke, usually requiring me to turn the computer off and on. I called Direct with this problem and was told that I had to have "enough memory" for the file-transfer program to work properly. The manual specifies that the packages requires "256K usable memory." My IBM PC has 320K, with over 256K being "usable," and it still encountered this problem. On the other hand, my Compaq, with 640K RAM, encountered no problems whatsoever. The moral: Make sure that you have a lot of memory when you run PC2624B. (Don't forget: RAM disks eat up memory too.)
The file-transfer program works with a "sister" program, called HPCLINK, on the HP 3000. (It comes on the distribution disk.) PC 2624B, just like PC 2622 and ADVANCELINK (HP 150), provides a method of uploading this program (via FCOPY). Like PC 2622, and unlike ADVANCELINK, this upload is accomplished from within the main emulator program, which is nice.
There are two severe limitations to the file-transfer program: 1) HPCLINK must reside in your logon group. Contrary to the manual's statement that it could reside in PUB.SYS, the file transfer protocol simply issues the command: RUN HPCLINK; 2) HPCLINK will allow you to download files only from your logon group.
The file-transfer program also has a minor drawback: If the target file exists when you're transferring files to the host, you are not asked to replace it. Instead, the old file is lost.
The file-transfer program offers a command mode similar to that of ADVANCELINK's and DSN/LINK's. PC2624B offers 13 of the 32 commands that DSN/LINK has, and adds two new ones: PAUSEUNTIL time, and RETRY n (to configure the number of transmission retries). These commands can be typed in directly or read from a file. They cannot be triggered from the HP 3000, nor is there a HOSTCOPY command to specify where HPCLINK resides.
One real nice feature is its ability to monitor the results of doing file transfers, and then send the output either to a printer or a file. Unfortunately, the disk file it created for me was always completely empty.
Be forewarned, PC2624B's hardware card may cause some computer freezes. Normally, a machine hang is nothing to worry about--a quick reboot will cure everything. With PC2624B, this isn't quite true. When PC2624B crashes, its card is left in control of the monitor. Thus, when the computer is rebooted, the display will continue to show whatever PC2624B was showing. The computer will run just fine, you just can't see your output.
There are three solutions to the "frozen display": 1) Turn the power off, wait a few seconds, and then turn it back on. At power-up, the PC2624B gives control to the old PC display card. 2) Reboot, and then carefully type the command to get PC2624B running again. (The program name is PC2624B, but I created a batch file called DIRECT to run it.) Type carefully because you can't see your input. (3) Reboot, and then carefully type RESETDEA. Assuming it is in your default directory, RESETDEA will run a program supplied by Direct. RESETDEA resets the PC 2624B and gives control back to the old PC card. This last mechanism can be incorporated into your AUTOEXEC.BAT file so that any reboot will unconditionally reset the PC2624B board.
The save configuration option of the configuration screens fooled me. If I made a change, like turning off key click, it was lost as soon as I exited the configuration screen unless I hit the Save Configuration softkey. (Perhaps a real HP 2624B works like this, perhaps the manual states that this happens. I am not in a position to vouch for either case.) There is only one Save Configuration file. Most of the other emulators ask Save Into which File?
As I indicated earlier, on my IBM PC, PC2624B froze the computer every time I tried to send a character to the HP 3000 while in the file-transfer program. On the Compaq, it ran perfectly.
The manual consists of 90 pages of text, a table of contents, and an index. It is printed with a fixed-space font, but is easy to read. (The word processor used to format the manual has two problems: a dumb algorithm for right-edge justification, and but in the algorithm when handling the first line of a paragraph.) The appendix shows all of the IBM-PC-to-HP-key mappings. A list of error messages is also included, but there is no troubleshooting section.
The manual refers to Display Functions mode as Monitor Mode, which means something different to anyone familiar with HP 2645s. The file-transfer program manual explicitly says on page 4: "Check to be sure your menu displays Version A0. If you have a different version, contact your Direct representative for the correct instructions." Unfortunately, the software I received was version A1. I kept on going anyway, and discovered that the manual still covered the software adequately.
On the subject of version identification, the floppy disk says Rev A3, and the terminal configuration menu says Version 2.2.
Direct answered all of my calls promptly, except once (just before the long July 4th weekend!)
Emulators for the HP 150
PC 2622 for the IBM PC and the HP 150 differ only in keyboard utilization and display enhancements. Rather than present the same information twice, I refer you to the previous review of PC 2622 for the IBM PC (above).
PC 2622 allows the HP 150 to work like a real terminal, one with more than two pages of memory. In addition to providing over 100 pages of display memory, it also has a very powerful file transfer program (that's approximately 20 percent faster than ADVANCELINK), complete with a batch command-file mechanism, typeahead, and the ability to configure display enhancements (which allows you to make inverse-video display in italics).
PC 2622 can drive a printer (internal or external) in background printing mode with a user-configurable buffer. I typically set the buffer size to 10K, which means that when I press PRINT (or use the Copy Page softkey), I wait a fraction of a second, then continue working while the printer is printing.
PC 2622 does NOT use two features built into the HP 150: graphics and the touchscreen. (Only the softkeys may be touched, no other touch fields may be set up.)
ALLY/150
ALLY/150 is an MS-DOS program that extends the abilities of the 150. It comes on a single disk with a free chess game that is played via the touchscreen.
ALLY does not expand the amount of display memory available to the HP 150 (two pages), but works in tandem with it to add four major new functions: typeahead; dual port support; and background and foreground processing.
The typeahead buffer holds up to 500 characters, with input displayed on the status line. As the type-ahead input is sent to the HP 3000, one character at a time, the characters "slide" off the left end of the status line. This feature provides for confidence in typing ahead.
At a touch of a key, ALLY will switch from using COM1 to COM2. (COM1 is the MS-DOS name for the HP 150's Datacom Port 1, COM2 is Datacom Port 2.) When this happens, all of the display memory (all 48 lines!) and the entire state of the terminal is saved somewhere secret, and the prior display memory and state for COM2 is restored. This switch takes about one second, and effectively provides you with two separate terminals...providing you have both datacom ports connected to an HP3000 (either directly or via modems).
The dual port switch is very easy to use, even if one port is in a character-mode application and the other is in block mode.
The dual port switch does not affect the graphics display. In other words, if you are talking to COM1 and display a graph, and then press the softkey to switch to COM2, the graph will still be on the screen. If the graph is erased while you are talking to COM2, then it will be gone when you switch back to COM1.
Also, not all of the terminal state is preserved, some things seem to be global, like Remote mode. If you place COM1 in Local and then switch to COM2, it will be in Local mode too.
Both the load-background and load-foreground functions are easy to use, although the load-background process is of less use to most users. The background process allows a user to run a task, like a compile, "behind" ALLY. Any process that does not talk to the terminal is a good candidate for this process. For example, to start a background C compile, you might issue the command C SOURCE > C.OUT. The > C.OUT will redirect any output from the compiler to a disk file called C.OUT.
The foreground process lets you run a program while still in ALLY. From the documentation, it is not clear if ALLY is still alive and listening to the datacom line while the foreground process is running. No matter, this is still a feature not found on any other emulator. If you want to upload a WORDSTAR file and suddenly realize that you haven't yet stripped it of its control characters, you could use this mechanism to pop into DOS and run the contributed STRIP utility, then EXIT back to ALLY and transfer the file to the host.
Normal data transfer (for example, typing into QEDIT, doing a PSCREEN) from the HP 150 to the host computer is slowed to about one-fifth normal speed while running ALLY. This applies to both character-mode and block-mode data.
With ALLY sometimes the entire machine freezes and sometimes the ALLY softkeys freeze and cannot be used, but the rest of the terminal functions normally. These freezes usually happened when I tried to hit a softkey, often just after doing graphics or block-mode things. I was not able to duplicate the freezes. No other bugs were found.
I had a problem when making a backup of ALLY. I called Computing Capabilities, left a message, and received a quick call back with technical assistance. Although the installation instructions had a minor error (it failed to say: WRITE-ENABLE the ALLY master disk), the main problem had been caused by my penchant for immediately UNLOCKING all files on all disks I receive, which the copy-protection scheme objected to.
ADVANCELINK
ADVANCELINK is a file-transfer package for the HP 150 that provides both a menu-driven and a command-file interface. It also provides data-integrity checking for both ASCII and binary files.
ADVANCELINK has a simple block-mode editor designed for building auto-logon command files. It can also be used to create and/or edit files of up to 15 lines in length. It is not easy to pick out from the softkey labels so here's how to get into it: From the ADVLINK Main Menu, hit the COMMAND softkey (f3) and then AUTO LOGON softkey (f3).
ADVANCELINK is typically run only when you want to do a file transfer. While running, the HP 150 is still fully usable as a terminal. The drawback is that it's slow. Normal data transfer (for example, typing into QEDIT, doing a PSCREEN) from the HP 150 to the host computer is about one-fifth normal speed. This applies to both character-mode and block-mode data. It is interesting to note that DSN/LINK, the predecessor of ADVANCELINK, suffered from the same problem.
ADVANCELINK's file transfer generally requires that a sister program called MONITOR.PUB.SYS be available. If you are dialing into someone else's computer that does not have MONITOR.PUB.SYS, it's unlikely that you will be able to logon to MANAGER.SYS in order to upload MONITOR. ADVANCELINK makes it fairly easy to upload MONITOR to somewhere else (for example, your logon group), but making ADVANCELINK actually use that "somewhere else" later for file transfer is not that obvious. The following dialog will make ADVANCELINK look for FOO (in your logon group) instead of MONITOR.PUB.SYS: enter the command dialog of ADVANCELINK; hit the softkey to enter a direct command; type: &HOSTCOPY "RUN FOO."
Similarly, if you are having problems with binary uploads (for example, getting data parity errors with an ATP and MPE-V/E or later), you can ask ADVANCELINK to use a nonbinary protocol by entering the command &HEX ON.
The editor is simple-minded and easy to use.
I found no bugs in ADVANCELINK.
For the IBM PC:
PC 2622 has a superior file-transfer package, speed, and the most display memory. It has the most complete emulation of all the software-only emulators, coming in second only to PC2624B. At present, it wins the "best all around" award.
PC-45 is a good emulator, and will handle most ordinary usages, both block mode and character mode. With its low price, it is definitely worth looking into.
VDTE will let you develop a simple graphic application (using only its subset of HP 2648 graphics) and use it without buying an HP 2648. If you do not need block mode, consider VDTE. Until I switched to a block-mode editor, the package would have met my day-to-day needs.
PC2624B offers complete HP26 24B emulation, plus extras. If your PC can handle an extra board, and you need exact emulation, this IS the only choice, but also you can be happy with. It would probably tie PC 2622 for the "best all-around" award.
For the HP 150:
PC 2622 is compatible with PC 2622 on the IBM PC, and is the only integrated emulator and error-checking file-transfer package for the HP 150.
ALLY/150's process handling (foreground/background) can be very useful. Additionally, its "visible type ahead" makes it easy to use.
ADVANCELINK provides a reasonably good file transfer package and is the only emulator that provides any kind of an editor. ADVANCELINK is sold and supported by HP. It should also be available at authorized dealers.
// (edited for html SS 2016-02-11)


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North Carolina Lawyers Weekly - January 23, 2006
Largest Wrongful Death Recovery Ever in North Carolina
North Carolina Lawyers Weekly
$26 Million Settlement for Plane Crash
Largest Wrongful Death Recovery
Real Estate Company Founder, Wife Killed
The largest wrongful death settlement ever reported to Lawyers Weekly is the $26.05 million recovery in Estates of David and Ann Drye v. Teledyne Technologies, Inc., et al.
The case arose on June 14, 1999 when a Cessna 421 crashed near the Concord Mills Mall shortly after takeoff. Among the dead were the founder of a prominent real estate company in Concord and his wife.
"As far as we know, this is one of the largest settlements in any aviation case in the country for the death of a husband and wife, and may be the largest ever," said Kansas City, Mo. attorney Gary C. Robb, a lawyer for the plaintiffs.
In an e-mail to Lawyers Weekly, local counsel Joe Dozier of Charlotte said the case "had the rare combination of massive economic and non-economic damages, aggravated liability and the potential for punitive damages."
According to Dozier, Mr. Drye "was a multi-millionaire real estate executive and president of his own firm, the David Drye Company, the largest privately held real estate company in the southeast United States."
The Dryes survived the initial impact but were burned "beyond recognition" by the ensuing fire, Dozier said.
"They died a terrible death. The medical examiner determined that both died from carbon monoxide poisoning and thermal burning. A Concord police officer who was one of the first on scene looked into the burning airplane. He saw two bodies holding on to each other. These were Mr. and Mrs. Drye. The medical examiner noted that Mrs. Drye's wedding ring was on her hand, which was intertwined with her husband's hand."
The plaintiffs' theory of the case was that the crash was caused when the plane's right engine failed.
A major obstacle stood in the way of establishing liability on that basis: after investigating the crash for 18 months, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded pilot error was to blame.
"That's a difficult hurdle to overcome," said Robb, whose practice primarily focuses on aviation cases. "So we went back to the drawing board and spent a lot of time with the physical evident, the engine parts. We did a number of metallurgical studies, including a scanning electron microscope study, at our consulting engineer's lab in Pensacola, Fla. He started looking at a part called a viscous vibration damper.
"In any engine, vibration is the enemy because it increases metal fatigue and essentially makes parts old before their time," said Robb.
To minimize vibration, a damper shaped like a thick doughnut fits on the engine gear.
"When it's weighted down, the gear is less likely to wobble," Robb said. "It's pretty simple from an engineering standpoint."
According to Robb, the plaintiff's expert focused on a part of the engine gear that hadn't been looked at by the NTSB. He concluded the vibration damper was off-center.
"The damper failed, the gear wobbles, metal flakes get into the engine oil and things jam up," said Robb.
The defendants denied any liability, arguing among other things that no air crash had ever been caused by a faulty vibration damper.
But Robb said he uncovered a similar crash in England "that occurred exactly the same way."
"Still, liability was a big obstacle to overcome when the government says it happened a different way," said Robb.
Recovering hefty damages from a jury could also present problems, according to Robb. The reason: the Drye's eight children already stood to inherit $47 million from their parents.
"The risk was that the jury would penalize the beneficiaries because they had already collected about $6 million each," said Robb.
In addition, the parties sharply disagreed over the income lost from Mr. Drye's real estate business – the plaintiff's expert projected $100 million, while the defendant's expert said the loss was only $4.9 million.
Three days into the trial, the defendants offered a total of $26 million to settle and the plaintiffs accepted.
"Once we got to $26 million, that was a threshold that our clients felt was appropriate and justice was served," said Robb.
According to Robb, the largest part of the settlement, $20 million, was paid by the company that manufactured the engine in the Dryes' airplane, while another $2.8 million was paid by the company that supplied the vibration damper. The remainder of the settlement came from the company that overhauled the engine and a maintenance service facility.
The two highest jury verdicts in the United States in helicoptor crash trials
The family of a Louisiana man killed in a helicopter crash.