Starting with this issue, The Crush will be posted online with a digital publishing platform that lets readers flip through the pages and access links for more information. The Crush can also be downloaded and printed if you prefer to read it as a hard copy. In time, CAWG will implement other engaging features -- such as video and audio to accompany articles -- to enhance the reader experience.
The print version of The Crush will be reduced from monthly to quarterly and in time, the look and feel of The Crush will be redesigned.
--January and February 2019: Members will receive a print version.
--The Crush will be available online every month.
Other news: New Red Blotch Study from UC Researchers, CA Legislature proposes ban on chlorpyrifos, CAWG Grower and Leader call for nominations, Advisory regarding Produce Safety Rule.
Feature Story: 2018 Year in Review - a highlight of key successes.
President's message: California and Climate Change Consequences - Climate change is happening and our state's policies and priorities need to reflect that reality.
State focus: The New Legislature Session: What's in Store? New bills may impact winegrape growers. Dems unite against Trump.
Federal Focus: CAWG Effort Gers Attention in Congress - D.C. Lawmakers help with disaster funding request.
Other news: CAWG thanks Century Club members and sponsors and welcomes three new directors to the board.
Feature Story: 2018 Winegrape Harvest Report—Good quality and cooler weather highlight harvest conditions. President's Message: Your Vote Matters—The midterm elections are important and can have major consequences. State Focus: The ALRB: A Bureaucracy Run Amok?—Recent court case and 2018 legislation highlighted issues with board. Federal Focus: New Trade Deal Between US, Mexico and Canada—USMCA modernizes the 24-year-old NAFTA, improves market access for US wines. CAWG Comments on US Trade Subsidy Program. CAWG Grower Reports: Roger King, Brad Goehring and Jim Spinetta. News and CAWG Events: California Wine and Winegrape Projects Garner Federal Specialty Crop Grants. Houses Passes Water Resources Infrastructure Legislation; CA to Benefit. CAWG PAC fundraiser at Bien Nacido Vineyards.
Feature Story: CAWG Supports AG and Legal Workforce Act—Opportunity to improve guestworker program, increase available labor. President's Message: Knock, Knock, Knock—AG Act offers peace of mind for workers and employers in fear of raids. State Focus: A Brief Review of the Legislative Session—Sept. 30 is the last day for the governor to sign or veto bills. Federal Focus: Updating NAFTA: US-Mexico Trade Agreement—Agreement said to focus on strengthening trade for American agriculture. WOTUS in Effect in Calfiornia – For Now. CAWG Grower Reports: Joel Maring, Bill Pauli and Jim Stollberg. News and CAWG Events: CAWG Educates Government Decision-Makers with Wine Industry News. Voices Heard: CAWG Members Participate in 'Stop the State Water Grab' Rally.
Feature Story: The Future of Winegrape Trucking—Technology and regulations will have on effect on the industry. President's Message: Proposed Changes to Drawback Regulations—U.S. Customs and Border Protection invites public comments. State Focus: SWRCB Proposes Drastic Reduction in Ag Water—Farmers, business leaders and citizens plan to attend protest rally at Capitol. Federal Focus: New Ag Guestworker Bill Introduced—CAWG is working with other specialty crop groups to push for passage. CAWG Summer Conference and CAWG PAC Golf Tournament: photo gallery and sponsor recognition. CAWG Grower Reports: Jeff Bitter, JD Harkey and Mike Testa. News and CAWG Events: Neonicotinoid Pollinator Risk Determination Update; Justin and J. Lohr Center for Wine and Viticulture; California Wine Month; CAWG Days of Summer—Campaign aims to raise $50,000.
Feature Story: Job Satisfaction Key Factor in Worker Retention—Vineyard worker survey seeks data to improve retention. President's Message: Ag Guestworker Program Remains Elusive—Ag has waited too long for an effective solution. State Focus: Are Independent Contractors Actually Employees?—The effects of the Dynamex case and new ABC test on employers. Federal Focus: Disappointing Outcome with Immigration Bills—Immigration, ag guestworker legislation fail in House. CAWG Grower Reports: Clint Nelson, David Ogilvie and Johnnie White. News and CAWG Events: CAWG Leaders Visit with Federal Legislators.
Feature Story: Vine Balance Critical to Productive Vineyards—Managing the ratio of leaf area and vegetation to fruit load. President's Message: Beer and Bureaucracy—A brewer in Costa Rica faces all too familiar government challenges. State Focus: Senate, Assembly Consider Wildfire Legislation—Increased efforts to prevent, respond to and handle financial impacts of fires. Federal Focus: Election, Tariffs, Farm Bill Top Issues—Agricultural stakeholders worry about what's to come. Profiles on 2018 CAWG Grower of the Year Steve Schafer and CAWG Leader of the Year Karissa Kruse. CAWG Foundation: $30,000 in Scholarships to Deserving Students—Recipients selected for academics, volunteerism, leadership and financial need. CAWG Grower Reports: Paul Johnson, Robert Pirie and Lucas Shoffner. News and CAWG Events: 2018 CAWG Summer Conference ad; summary of CAWG PAC fundraiser in Oakville; Unified announces new chair, vice chair; California Leopold Conservation Awards seeks nominees.
Feature Story: Grapevine Viruses: BMPs and Outreach—Growers take proactive steps to reduce virus spread and economic losses. President's Message: The Cruel Acts of Rulers—California employers should not be impaled by excessive regulations. State Focus: Dam It!—Funding estimates for two reservoirs have increased; will they get the money? State Focus: Joint Resolution Celebrates Wine Industry—More than 80 legislators show support. CAWG Grower Reports: John Balletto, Brad Goehring and Davindar Mahil. Industry News: CAWG Represents at Farmers for Free Trade-CFBF Agribusiness Roundtable; CA Grape Acreage Report; Allied Grape Growers Leadership Transition; Expansion of Clarksburg AVA; NGWI Changes Name. 2018 CAWG Summer Conference ad. CAWG PAC event on May 31 in Oakville.
Feature Story: Vineyard Mechanization and Wine Quality—More winemakers see benefits of mechanized vineyard operations. President's Message: Whiskey and Wine in the White House—Many American presidents were fond of indulging in alcohol. State Focus: The Race to Succeed Jerry Brown—The June election may determine the direction of California for years to come. Federal Focus: CAWG Efforts on Key Federal Issues—FDA Produce Safety Rule, ag guestworker bill and tariffs. CAWG Event: CAWG Members Reach Out to Legislators—Educating policy makers about industry issues through lobbying (photo gallery). CAWG Foundation Gala—Supporting student scholarships and celebrating CA wine (photo gallery). CAWG Grower Reports: Kendall Hoxsey-Onysko, Joe Valente and Mike Vandborg.
News & CAWG Events: CA Final Grape Crush Report; Grapes, Wine Rank High in 2016 Stats; CA Green Medal Award Winners Announced.
Feature Story: Powdery Mildew Management Issues, Challenges—Growers, researchers address fungicide resistance. President's Message: Retaliatory Tariffs Could Impact Wine Industry—When other countries seek to retaliate, wine is always a favored target. State Focus: Your Tax Dollars in Politics—Supreme Court may end the political power of public employee labor unions. Federal Focus: Trump Administration on Trade and Tariffs—Latest round of NAFTA negotiations wraps up in Mexico City. Industry: CAWG Members Share Insight on Labor (Q&A). CAWG Grower Reports: Jeff Frey, Troy Javadi and Paul Wulf. News & CAWG Events: 2017 Prelim Grape Crush Report; CA Judge Rules on Spraying Pesticides for Invasive Pests; CA Ag Leadership Program Applications; CAWG Day in the Capitol and CAWGF Gala promo.
Feature Story: Cabernet Sauvignon at All Price Points—Price differences related to appellation, labor, volume and aging. President's Message: US Lawmakers: Control Out-of-Control Deficits—Nation's leaders should acquire farm wisdom and stop reckless financial ways. State Focus: Proposed Overreaching Indoor Heat Standards—Standards apply to cab of A/C tractor and minimal work in storage shed. Federal Focus: Farm Bill and Legislative Principles for 2018—USDA secretary says principles will be used as a road map for Congress. Unified Symposium: State of the Industry and Gallo Talks Family, Community and Mentoring. Unified photo gallery. CAWG News: Certified Sustainable Shows Growth; Pete Downs Receives Rich Smith Award; CAWG Day in the Capitol and CAWGF Gala promo.
Feature Story: Rootstock Issues, Trends and Research—UC researchers and nursery reps discuss field trials, varieties. President's Message: Differing Views with Wine Labeling Laws—Collaboration needed to resolve the issues with TTB notices No. 160 and 160B. State Focus: Regulators Caught Acting Egregiously—Agencies need to be more transparent and held accountable. Federal Focus: Trump Signs Tax Bill Into Law—Bill includes several provisions that will benefit growers. Industry: Petaluma Gap is California's Newest AVA; Understanding Components of Crop Insurance. CAWG News: Gina Gallo to Open Unified with Keynote Address; WGA Luncheon to Feature Damien Wilson and Rich Smith Award Presentation; CAWG officers and directors.
Feature Story: Making a Difference in Communities—CAWG members give time and resources to local efforts. President's Message: Blockchain and the Wine Industry—The revolutionary technology may be a game changer in the future. State Focus: #MeToo Movement Spurs Legislation in 2018—State legislators are proposing changes in law for employers. Federal Focus: House, Senate Pass Major Tax Reform Bills—Legislators to meet to resolve differences in two versions. CAWG News: CAWG Elects Board Officers and Members; A Toast to Aaron Lange; CAWG Briefs Legislators at Hearing; CAWG Foundation Scholarships, Unified Symposium. Industry News: California Adopts Rules on Ag Pesticides Use Near Schools; Green Medal Award Applications. List of CAWG Century Club members.
Feature Story: Housing Benefits Vineyard Employers, Workers—Affordable farmworker housing key to improving labor supply. President's Message: Venturing into the Unknown—Farmers are adventurists who accept risks, persevere and overcome challenges. State Focus: Growers Face New Labor Requirements—Laws take effect Jan. 1. Federal Focus: Lawmakers vote on AG Act, Disaster Aid—Immigration bill marked up in committee still needs improvement. Grower Reports: Mike Boer, Stipp Ranch; J.D. Harkey, Drake Enterprises, Inc.; Tom Slater, Slater Farms, Inc. Other News: USDA specialty crop grants; a message from CAWG on wildfires; Unified Wine and Grape Symposium.
Feature Story: "Vine Trellis Systems for Mechanization." Presidents message: New Ag Guestworker Bill May Bring Relief. State Focus: State Senate to Choose New Leader. Federal Focus: Farmworker Solution Tax Reform Unveiled. Grower Reports: Bill Berryhill, BB Vineyards; Scott McKenzie; McKenzie Vineyards and Winery; and Jim Spinetta, Spinetta Family Vineyards. Other News: CAWG Elections, Wine Industry Impact, Unified Wine and Grape Symposium Sponsorship.
Feature Story: "2017 Winegrape Harvest Underway." Presidents message: "Are You Prepared for a Disaster or Emergency?" Federal Focus: Challenges await as congress returns from August recess. State focus: Water Board: Revised Definition of Wetland. Grower Reports: Ryan Metzler, Fruita del Sol; Bill Pauli, Pauli Ranch; and Tyler Scheid, Schied Vineyards.
Feature Story: "The Dynamic Dave Phinney" (Orin Swift founder > article and Q&A). President's message: "Appreciating Hard Work." State Focus: "Legislators Take on Ag Labor Housing Shortage." Federal Focus: Farm bill listening session in Modesto, RAISE Act and USDA nominations. Photo gallery from CAWG Summer Conference and CAWG PAC Golf Tournament. CAWG member/grower reports: Joe A. Cotta, Joe A. Cotta Vineyards; Tom Merwin, Merwin Vineyards; and Jason Smith, Smith Family Wines. CAWG News & Events: Progress on winegrape exemption from produce safety rule and John Aguirre speaks at Chamber luncheon.
Feature Story: "Irrigation System Efficiency." Presidents MJumping on the Fad Bandwagon Isn't my Style. State Focus: CAWG Helps Secure $5M in PDCP Funding. Grower reports, Bruce Fry, Mohr-Fry Ranch, Joga and Bishin Mahil, Mahil Farms, Brian Shepard, Walsh Vineyard Management. Other Stories: CAWG to FDA: Exempt Winegrapes from Produce Safety Rule, CAWG Delegation Educates Decision Makers in D.C.
Feature Story: "Vineyard Sensing Technology." President's Message: Winegrapes and Wine Are Like Golden Eggs. State focus: AB 450 An Example of Partisan Fervor. Federal Focus: Updates from Inside the Beltway - USDA undergoes reorganization, faces major budget cuts. Grower Reports By: Bob Lauchland, JR Lauchland and Sons, Johnnie White, Pina Vineyard Management and David Ogolvie, Wilson Vineyards. Other Stories: CAWG's 2017 Grower and Leader of the Year Announced, Foundation Awards $30k in Scholarships, CAWG's 2017 Summer Conference.
Feature story: "Weed Control, Herbicide Options and Prop 65." President's message on The US and Mexico Need Each Other. State focus: New Leader for New Democrats. Federal Focus: Secretary of Agriculture announced, Trump agrees to NAFTA renegotiation, Omnibus appropriations bill and H-2A visas. Regional grower reports by: Tom Murphy, Murphy Farms, Bill Schweitzer, Paccielo Vineyard and Charlie Starr, Starr Vineyards. Other important articles: 2016 CA grape acreage, 2017 Green Medal Awards, NGWI president named.
Feature story: "ICE Raids and Employment Documentation." President's message on the consequences of fraud. State focus: CAWG focuses on two state budget items – Pierce's disease funding and ABC license revocation for wage violations. Federal focus: the wait for a U.S. ag secretary, White House skinny budget cuts USDA funding, EPA denies petition to ban chlorpyrifos and NAFTA. Summary and photos of CAWG Day in the Capitol and CAWG Foundation Gala. Regional reports from winegrape growers (Sirilo and Nicolas Cornejo, Joel Maring, Lucas Shoffner). Other news and events: CAWG webinar on joint liability / growers and FLCs, final Grape Crush Report, chairs named for Senate and Assembly Select Committees on Wine.
Feature story: "Managing grapevine viruses." President's message on the early days of the Trump presidency. State focus: CAWG's positions on several new bills of interest. Federal focus: Trump administration's repeal of WOTUS, new EPA administrator, federal bill reducing regulations on pesticide use. Unified Symposium article: "Sauvignon Blanc Gains Ground in California." Call for nominations for 2017 CAWG Awards of Excellence. Regional reports from winegrape growers (Roger King, Rodney Schatz, Jim Stollberg). Other news and events: CAWG/Wine Institute's new website (www.wine-economy.com), preliminary Grape Crush Report, CAWG Day in the Capitol and CAWG Foundation gala promo.
Feature story: "Rainfall brings benefits, challenges to vineyards." President's message on the California Legislature's job killer bills and policies. State focus: 2017-18 legislative session begins, new legislators, AB 5 and state budget. Federal focus: Nominee for USDA secretary, farm bill hearing and border adjustment tax. Unified Symposium articles: "State of the Industry," "Finding Value in Sustainability" and "Wine Critic Delivers Keynote Address." Other news and events: CAWG grower meetings on federal issues and Rich Smith Distinguished Service Award recipient.
Feature story: "Adopt better practices to manage pests, diseases." President's message on the environmental impact of California's "new" crop (marijuana). State focus: Gov. Brown's 2017-18 state budget. CAWG hires new director of government relations. Federal focus: USDA secretary, McCarthy/Valadao water bill, U.S. Trade Representative nominee. Summary of UC Davis ag economist Dr. Philip Martin's presentation on labor and immigration.
Feature story: Designing a farm plan for vineyards. Presidents message on TTB notice 160 and the wine labeling rules and loopholes. State and Federal updates on state water efforts and the federal water bill. Plus an overview of the election and the forecast under the Trump administration. Issue also features information on recent CAWG webinars, Green Medal awards, CA vineyard SWEEP grants and notification of new CAWG board members.
Feature story: Trunk disease prevention and management. Plus...president's message on trade agreements and the wine industry; state focus (impact of proposed regulations); federal focus (USDA funding for specialty crops, specifically wine and winegrapes); regional reports from winegrape growers (Joe Valente, Jeff Wiens, Dennis Wittchow); industry news (EGVM eradication, proposal for Petaluma Gap AVA, new mechanical grapevine pruner, NGWI president steps down); and CAWG news (webinars and Unified Symposium).
Feature story: Managing salinity in vineyards. Plus...president's message on respect and civility in politics; state focus (2016 legislation and how new laws will impact agriculture); federal focus (Worker Protection Standard "designated representative" provision); regional reports from winegrape growers (Bill Berryhill, Troy Javadi, Jason Smith, Jim Spinetta); E-file and E-pay mandate; Unified Symposium information.
Feature story: 2016 harvest underway; president's message on free trade agreements such as NAFTA and TPP; state focus (AB 2757, AB 2714, AB 1704 and SB 1317); federal focus (GMO labeling agreement, Nobel Laureates in support of GMOs and WOTUS); regional reports from winegrape growers (Mike Boer, Trey Irwin, Kendall Hoxsey-Onysko and Ryan Metzler); Dr. Carl Winter's speech about arsenic and glyphosate in wine; upcoming CAWG events.
Feature story: Achieving quality in the mechanized vineyard; president's message on debunking myths and misconceptions and exposing false claims; state focus (AB 1066, AB 1704, AB 2714, AB 2896, SB 1317, SB 661, waters of the state); Century Club recognition; federal focus (presidential nominees and party platforms, USDA 10007 funds, GMO labeling law); regional grower reports (Bruce Fry, Tom Slater, Davinder Mahil, Mike Testa); CAWG Summer Conference and Napa Valley tour.
Feature story: Managing water in California vineyards; president's message on free trade agreements such as NAFTA and TPP; state focus (AB 2757, AB 2714, AB 1704 and SB 1317); federal focus (GMO labeling agreement, Nobel Laureates in support of GMOs and WOTUS); regional reports from winegrape growers (Mike Boer, Trey Irwin, Kendall Hoxsey-Onysko and Ryan Metzler); Dr. Carl Winter's speech about arsenic and glyphosate in wine; upcoming CAWG events.
Feature story: Do your homework and be diligent when choosing farm labor contractors; president's message on plant breeding and GE crops; state focus (AB 2757, pest and disease funding, AB 1704, SB 1317); federal focus (appropriations update, NAS report on GMOs, WOTUS, DOL overtime regulations); CAWG Grower of the Year and Leader of the Year award recipients, California Wine Grape Growers Foundation scholarships; CAWG PAC events and The Century Club; regional reports from winegrape growers (Randy Krag, Robert Pirie, J.D. Harley, Tyler Scheid); upcoming CAWG events.
Feature story: Mechanized canopy management; president's message on an anti-glyphosate activist group; state focus (pest and disease funding, BIT program, suspense file bills); federal focus (ag appropriations updates, EPA's anti-farmer campaign); Food Safety Modernization Act compliance for winegrape growers; CAWG staff - advocacy and activities; upcoming CAWG and CAWG PAC events.
Feature story: Improving crop estimation methods and results; president's message on the tip jar; state focus (minimum wage bill, AB 2757, AB 2714, AB 1704); federal focus (CAWG appropriations requests, GMO labeling); CAWG Day in the Capitol and CWGGF Wine Reception article; upcoming events.
Feature story: New sprayer technologies for vineyards; president's message on immigration reform; state focus (2016 legislation that may have an impact on winegrape industry); federal focus (Supreme Court Justice Scalia, WOTUS, President Obama's budget request, USDA-APHIS specialty crop funding); Unified's chardonnay panel session; CAWG Awards of Excellence request for nominations; and California Agricultural Leadership Program applications.
Feature story: Labor supply tighter for some growers; president's message on wine drinker preferences; state and federal legislative summaries; Unified state of the industry address; Fred Franzia speech at Unified; federal update on Clean Water Rule/WOTU; CAWG Day in the Capitol and CWGGF Wine Reception.
Feature story: New resources for vineyard frost protection; president's message on risks, threats and preparing for the unexpected; state and federal legislative roundup; Assemblymember Dodd to lead ag committee; Fred Franzia to open 2016 symposium with keynote address.
Water diversion measuring and reporting, groundwater recharge, FSMA final ruling, CAWG working for you.
2015 winegrape harvest begins early, yields lighter, good quality crop, State legislative update, PD/GWSS research examines North Coast, Clean Water Rule on the ropes, Let's celebrate the leadership of Chair Scheid!
Groundwater Management Moves Forward in 2015, New Lawmakers Elected in California's Wine Growing Regions, Health Care Mandate Kicks-In for Large Employers, 114th Congress Sess Changes in Ag Leadership.


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Václav Mergl (* 24. srpna 1935 Olomouc) je český režisér, výtvarník, scenárista a bonsaista, jedna z nejvýznamnějších osobností českého animovaného filmu.

Studium
VŠUP – Vysoká škola uměleckoprůmyslová, Praha, obor filmová a televizní grafika, absolvoval 1964 (prof. Adolf Hoffmeister).

Život
Válečná léta v Olomouci a moderní postupy v umění inspirovaly Václava Mergla k tvorbě prvního českého čistě abstraktního filmu Proměny, jenž realizoval ještě jako svou diplomovou práci na vysoké škole. K animaci reliéfu hlíny a perforovaného papíru vedené dle precizně logického scénáře připojil jazzovou hudbu, konkrétně session tria Jana Hammera Jr.. Ke snímku byl v titulcích uveden rovněž citát Bruna Schulze z jeho Traktátu o manekýnech. Samo použití všech těchto materiálů a podkladů znamenalo v tehdejším filmu převrat, proto ještě v roce 1966 Mergl natočil experimentální rozšíření Proměn – v minutovém, již barevném animovaném opusu s názvem Studie doteku. Projekt byl financován stipendiem Filmového a televizního svazu FITES. Merglovu práci vysoce hodnotily i v tisku významné osobnosti tehdejšího kulturního života zejména Vratislav Effenberger a Jiří Šetlík, z kolegů například Karel Vachek a Miroslav Štěpánek.

Ve spolupráci s Ladislavem Haladou pak přijal Mergl možnost vypracovat dvou minutové reklamních šoty pro rakouskou firmu Inex a České aerolinie. Širší profesní uplatnění však byla přerušena Srpnovými událostmi 68. roku. Po ukončení školy se Václav Mergl již věnoval výtvarné tvorbě, zejména malířské a grafické. Inklinoval v nich k puritě kubismu a specifickému druhu "automatického" surrealismu.

Jeho první studiový snímku Laokoon (1970) vypráví o vraždících amébách vnikajících "přestrojené za drahé kameny" na palubu vesmírné lodi pozemšťanů, aby pak zneužily nevědomou a naivní chamtivost a dobyvačnost lidi, a následně ovládly a zničily Zemi. Podle kolegy Miroslava Štěpánka dosáhla Merlova stylizace v papírkovém filmu Laokoon jednoho z vrcholů tzv. českého papírkového filmu vůbec.

Mergl v normalizačním klientelismu musel studio jako autor často opouštět, pracoval tak jako externista. Podílel se autorsky pak na animovaných dětských pohádkách, konkrétně na seriálu Štvornohé rozprávky pro slovenské televizní studio v Košicích. Zde mu velice pomáhala autorská spolupráce s manželkou Pavlou, spoluscenáristkou některých Merglových prací pro děti. Po nedlouho trvajícím pracovním návratu do Krátkého filmu Praha Václav Mergl uspěl s projektem Kraby dle povídky Anatoly Dneprova (snímek byl oceněn v Oberhausenu). Mezitím se svou ženou Pavlou pracoval na dalším seriálu pro Slovenskou televizi s názvy Vihuela a Kuklík, Sádlík a Hryz. U některých pohádek pro děti Mergl pracoval jen coby výtvarník a scenárista. Režijní křeslo předal například Ivanu Renčovi a některé jeho či manželčiny projekty realizovali rovněž i jiní režiséři.

Další návrat do Krátkého filmu Praha znamenal pro studio Merglův úspěch s filmem Homunkulus na MFF v Chicagu, kde se v té době udělovala v profesi, mimo ocenění Oscarem, nejprestižnější Golden Hugo Award. Snímek tuto prestižní cenu získal, avšak bez vědomí jeho autora. Mergl se o svém ocenění dozvěděl až po politických změnách v Československu v roce 1989.

S Jiřím Šalamounem na postu výtvarníka Mergl realizoval svůj další krátký film – groteskní horror Sestřeničky. Jako výtvarník i režisér poté zpracovává pod normalizačním terorem vedení studia a v dramaturgickém vedení postupně Jan Poše a Jiřího Kubíčka snímek Mikrob a sci-fi Haló Alberte.

Původně k (i ve světě) prvnímu "loutkovému filmu o upírech" Poslední lup Mergl napsal scénář pro výtvarníka Miroslava Štěpánka. Po zdlouhavém vyjednávání se Štěpánkem a nakonec i po vzájemné dohodě Mergl cestu vlastní režie opustil a scénář Posledního lupu podstoupil festivalovými cenami věnčenému Jiřímu Bartovi. Ten scénář použil k vlastní, neloutkové, ale herecké a trikové inscenaci.

Vedle zájmu o film, výtvarné umění a literaturu zejména filosofickou a vědecko-fantastickou se Václav Mergl věnoval umění pěstování bonsají. V letech 1993–1994 byl šéfredaktorem českého klubového časopisu Bonsai. Je autorem článků v časopisech Um, Domov, Můj dům aj. V 60. letech se seznámil s knihami R. Bradburyho, zájem o alchymii, krátké animované filmy díky různým zákazům u nás téměř neznámé, 88 P. Kumpán a M. Hlaváč zorganizovali projekci s besedou na MFF UK a CHTF UK. Je obdivovatelem kultury staré Číny a Japonska, mj. také díla francouzského režiséra a výtvarníka animovaných filmů Piotra Kamlera, Kanaďana Normana McLarena a Argentince Jorgeho Luise Borgese.

V roce 1996 Václav Mergl zanechal činnosti v oboru animovaný film a dle svých slov toto své dílo uzavřel soubornou výstavou výtvarné a filmové tvorby v Českém muzeu výtvarných umění v Praze a shrnutím své tvorby ve sborníku Animace a Doba editovaném pedagogem pražské FAMU a šéfredaktorem časopisu Film a Doba Stanislavem Ulverem.

Dílo

Režijní filmografie
 1996 – Dobré chutnání, Vaše lordstvo! (ČT, TV seriál)
 1993 – Bambulka a Bazilínek (ČT, TV seriál)
 1990 – Haló Alberte (KF Praha)
 1988 – Sestřeničky (KF Praha)
 1986 – Mikrob (KF Praha)
 1984 – Homunkulus (KF Praha)
 1981 – O panence Apolence (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava, TV seriál)
 1978 – Vihuela a Kuklík (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava, TV seriál)
 1976 – Krabi (KF Praha)
 1971–1973 – Štvornohé rozprávky (KF Praha pro ŠT Košice, TV seriál)
 1970 – Laokoon (KF Praha)
 1966 – Studie doteku (FITES)
 1964 – Proměny (VŠUP)

Výtvarná filmografie
 1996 – Dobré chutnání, Vaše lordstvo! (ČT, TV seriál)
 1993 – Bambulka a Bazilínek (ČT, TV seriál)
 1990 – Haló Alberte (KF Praha)
 1988 – Sestřeničky (KF Praha)
 1986 – Mikrob (KF Praha)
 1984 – Homunkulus (KF Praha)
 1980–1983 – Sádlík a Hryz (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava)
 1981 – O panence Apolence (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava, TV seriál)
 1978 – Vihuela a Kuklík (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava)
 1976 – Kraby (KF Praha)
 1971–1973 – Štvornohé rozprávky (KF Praha pro ŠT Košice)
 1970 – Laokoon (KF Praha)
 1966 – Studie doteku (FITES)
 1964 – Proměny (VŠUP)

Scenáristická filmografie
 1996 – Dobré chutnání, Vaše lordstvo! (ČT, TV seriál)
 1993 – Bambulka a Bazilínek (ČT, TV seriál)
 1990 – Haló Alberte (KF Praha)
 1988 – Sestřeničky (KF Praha)
 1987 – Poslední lup (KF Praha)
 1986 – Mikrob (KF Praha)
 1984 – Homunkulus (KF Praha)
 1981 – O panence Apolence (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava, TV seriál)
 1980–1983 – Sádlík a Hryz (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava)
 1978 – Vihuela a Kuklík (KF Praha pro ČST Bratislava)
 1976 – Kraby (KF Praha)
 1971–1973 – Štvornohé rozprávky (KF Praha pro ŠT Košice)
 1970 – Laokoon (KF Praha)
 1966 – Studie doteku (FITES)
 1964 – Proměny (VŠUP)

Samostatné výstavy (neúplné)
 1965 Galerie bří Čapků, Praha
 1968 Galerie Dílo, Ostrava
 1969 Galerie Jaroslava Krále, Brno
 1985 Galerie Sonnenring, Munster
 1988 Malá galerie Československého spisovatele, Praha
 1989 Galerie Československého spisovatele, Brno
 1991 Retrospektiva animovaných filmů v Tókio, Kjótu, Sendai, Nagoji, Japonsko
 1996 České muzeum výtvarných umění v Praze

Skupinové výstavy

 2019 Doba plastová, Východočeská galerie v Pardubicích, Zámek, Pardubice, 26. června – 6. října 2019

Ocenění (neúplné)
 1965 Hlavní cena – ARSfilm Kroměříž Proměny (VŠUP, 1961)
 1970 Zvláštní cena – MFF Annecy Laokoon (KF Praha, 1970)
 1977 Hlavní cena – FČSF Bratislava Kraby (KF Praha, 1976)
 1977 Hlavní cena mezinárodní poroty – MFF Oberhausen Kraby (KF Praha, 1976)
 1985 Zlatý Hugo – MFF Chicago Homunkulus (KF Praha, 1984)

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura (neúplné)
 V. Suchánek: A vdechl duši živou … aneb malé zamyšlení nad duchovními souvislostmi animovaného a trikového filmu, Olomouc, Mgr.Jiří Burget, 2004
 V. Suchánek: Topografie transcendentních souřadnic filmového obrazu. Olomouc, Nakladatelství Univerzity Palackého, 2002.
 J. Karasová: Tvůrci animovaného filmu, Filmový ústav Praha, 1965
 V. Tichý: Panorama československého filmu, Praha 1985
 Spilka František: Vyznání životu a míru, katalog SČVU, Praha, 1985
 kolektiv: Malá československá encyklopedie, díl č. 6, Praha 1987
 kolektiv: Výtvarníci animované tvorby, katalog SČVU, Praha, nedatován
 J. Poš: Výtvarníci animovaného filmu, Odeon, Praha, 1990
 J. Poš: Český animovaný film 1934 - 1994, Ministerstvo kultury ČR a Krátký film a.s. Praha a Ateliery Zlín a.s., 1994
 kolektiv: Československý biografický slovník, Akademia, Praha, 1992
 P. Toman: Slovník československých výtvarných umělců, díl č. 2, Výtvarné centrum Chagall, Ostrava, 1993
 kolektiv: Nová encyklopedie českého výtvarného umění, Akademia, Praha, 1995
 J. Tomeš a kolektiv: Český biografický slovník XX. století, Ladislav Horáček, pobočka Petr Meisner, Praha a Litomyšl, 1999
 L. Škrábal: Dva výtvarníci v animovaném filmu, časopis Atelier, Praha, 2006
 J. Poš: Slovník českých a slovenských výtvarných umělců 1950 - 2006, oddíl ŠTE-TICH, Výtvarné centrum Chagall, Ostrava, 2006, str. 56
 H. Štochlová: Animovaný film, Odeon v edici Současné výtvarné umění, Praha, 1985

Externí odkazy

 Výtvarná a filmová tvorba 1961 – 1996 na Martinfisher.cz
 Vladimír Suchánek: DUCHOVNÍ ASPEKTY ANIMOVANÉHO FILMU Přednáška pro středoškolské učitele.

Čeští výtvarníci
Čeští malíři 20. století
Čeští malíři 21. století
Čeští animátoři
Čeští režiséři
Čeští spisovatelé
Čeští sochaři
Čeští scenáristé
Narození 24. srpna
Narození v roce 1935
Narození v Olomouci
Žijící lidé
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
MARILYN MANSON: 'Born Villain' Release Date Announced
MARILYN MANSON will release his long-awaited new album, "Born Villain", on May 1 (one day earlier internationally) via Cooking Vinyl and Manson's own label Hell, Etc.
The CD's first single, "No Reflection", was premiered on March 7 on the Los Angeles radio station KROQ and will be made available exclusively on iTunes this Tuesday, March 13.
"The new record put simply has the ambition and determination of how I started making music in the first place," Manson says. "It sounds like the first record in that it's not afraid to do anything. I had to remove myself from my lifestyle and start fresh."
In a recent interview with…
« MALICE: New Album Details Revealed TANKARD Begins Recording New Album »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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text:
Captains Choice
Captain's Choice arrived in the Falkland Islands on the 2nd November 2013 as part of their 20 day Magic of South America tour, starting in Brazil and ending in Bermuda.
Since 1994, Captain's Choice has been Australia's experts in inspired travel, big and small and their business has a proud tradition of such moments. They have set a new standard with the private charter of a Qantas jet for international touring and they pioneered Australian travel to destinations such as Vietnam, Cuba, and Bhutan and have an active engagement with many of the global communities they visit. In addition to visiting the countries they also support many diverse charities within the community of the destinations on their tours. Captain's Choice together with generous donations from their guests on tour, they have contributed over $3 million to date.
81 guests arrived on the 2nd of November, that evening a traditional carvery was enjoyed by all at the Malvina House Hotel and a lecture by Ewen Southby Tailyour on the conflict in preparation for those attending the Battle tour the following day.
The next day a choice of 3 trips were offered and all tours were thoroughly enjoyed – 40 clients going out to Bluff Cove, where clients boasted a truly hospitable day, superb food and overall experience with Hattie, Kevin and her team. 30 taking the Battle tour with their guides, veteran, Ewen Southby-Tailyour accompanied by Tony Smith and Gary Clement who made the trip very moving and interesting with a smoko being provided by Andi Neat at San Carlos and a buffet lunch at Darwin House. 13 guests going out to Volunteer Point with Nobby Clarke, Carrot, Nyree Heathman, Ron Bucket and Charlene Rowlands – again a superb smoko provided by Derek and Trudi at the point before experiencing the wonders of the King Penguins.
On the last evening – The Gala event, held at the Town Hall was superb with 105 guests in total including HE Governor Hayward. A full packed evening with an outstanding meal provided by Matthew Clarke and his superb team at the Malvina House Hotel, with Carl and Jasper and staff offering excellent service and fluidity to the evening. Entertainment provided by Andi Neat and Tim Cotter, the Community School Musicians and the evening came to a close with the Pushers. Gary Clement filled the role perfectly as Master of Ceremonies!
A presentation was made to the Governor by clients of Captains Choice for approximately £1000 which was awarded to Falklands Conservation, SAMA and Stephen Jaffray memorial. Funds were raised by holding a raffle at Iguassu falls the night prior to arriving in the islands, to see who would sit at the Governors Table. The 4 guests at the table were Mrs Rae Ward, who presented the money to HE, Mr Sandy McWilliam and Mr & Mrs Hiscock, who lost their nephew in the conflict and were over the moon that some of the funds were to be given to SAMA.
There were handmade gift boxes on the table made by Arlette Bloomfield of FIH and inside were handmade Pale Maiden vanilla centre sweets from Bitter Sweet – which were a lovely addition to the table decorations!
All in all a very successful tour which Falkland Islands Holidays are proud to have managed. Arlette Bloomfield manager of FIH, would like to take the opportunity to thank all of the above mentioned and also FITT for their transportation services! Captain's Choice is looking to take another tour with us next season in early 2015!
Quote from Richard Moras, CC Tour Manager: –
"Greetings from Chile…. Everyone still raving about Falklands stopover. Thanks so much for the pictures of a very special night. Many thanks too to Arlette for delivering such a professional and successful tour product"


text:
<!-- description -->

## Install

```bash
$ npm install baidu-map --save
```

## Usage

```js
var baidu_map = require('baidu-map');
```

## Licence

MIT
<!-- do not want to make nodeinit to complicated, you can edit this whenever you want. -->

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
PSLS • News
Overseas Final Fantasy XIII Is Finally Complete
Mike HartnettThursday, January 14, 2010
Rejoice, all ye that thirst for the Japanese RPG goodness that is Final Fantasy XIII, as Motomu Toriyama, director for the game, has just announced that the overseas version of the game is now complete along with a an apology for the little delay the NA and EU regions have experienced. This explains the recently released English trailer that was released only a few hours ago. Additionally, Toriyama brings up some of the improvements that the game has undergone over the past few months.
Here's what Mr. Toriyama had to say, in full:
FINAL FANTASY XIII overseas version is finally completed.
I am sorry for the long wait.
At present, members of the development team in Japan are on a New Year holiday while awaiting an approval for the master disc.
The overseas version was developed simultaneously with the Japanese one as we wanted to ensure that it comes out as soon after the Japanese release date as possible.
In the completed FINAL FANTASY XIII, the features which were popular amongst gamers at our survey last summer have been enhanced even further.
One of those features is characters' facial animations, which work as the core of any human drama. Their movements are completely synchronised with the English lines and, due to this, each scene in the game is truly spectacular. Another feature to be mentioned is FFXIII's new strategic battle system, Paradigm Shift.
Just like the Japanese version, this system adds elements of real-time actions to the battle, which has been made almost over-the-top, so that the more you use the shift, the more exhilarating the combat becomes. The release date is now approaching.
Don't get distracted. You will see the truth when you hold it in your hands.
Please be patient a little longer for the "day of a battle against the fate"!
It's most excellent that the Japanese team decided to put forth that extra bit of effort to please it's North American and European audience, as it appears that extra polishing time was well worth the wait. Well, there you have it! Looks like Final Fantasy XIII is fully locked and loaded for it's scheduled March 9th release.
[Source/Via]
Tags: Final Fantasy, Final Fantasy XIII, Square Enix


text:
// Copyright 2018 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef IOS_WEB_VIEW_INTERNAL_CWV_SCRIPT_COMMAND_INTERNAL_H_
#define IOS_WEB_VIEW_INTERNAL_CWV_SCRIPT_COMMAND_INTERNAL_H_

#import "ios/web_view/public/cwv_script_command.h"

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface CWVScriptCommand ()

/**
 * Designated initializer.
 *
 * @param content Content of the command. nil in case of an error converting the
 *     content object.
 * @param mainDocumentURL URL of the document in the main web view frame.
 * @param userInteracting YES if the user is currently interacting with the
 *     page.
 */
- (instancetype)initWithContent:(nullable NSDictionary*)content
                mainDocumentURL:(NSURL*)mainDocumentURL
                userInteracting:(BOOL)userInteracting NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

#endif  // IOS_WEB_VIEW_INTERNAL_CWV_SCRIPT_COMMAND_INTERNAL_H_


text:
SEÇÃO TEMÁTICA: EDUCAÇÃO DE SURDOS
Disability, Deafness and Ideology in the late Twentieth and early Twenty-first Centuries
Patrick McDonnellI
IUniversity College Dublin (UCD), Dublin - Ireland
Ideology constitutes an important site of struggle for disabled people and for Deaf communities. In recent decades two ideologies - normalisation and rights - have offered different answers to the question of what it means to be disabled or Deaf. Both ideologies emerged in the post World War II period; both challenged long-established institutional structures and professional practices; and both appealed to notions of human and civil rights. However, normalisation is fundamentally paternalistic where reform is seen to be a matter for professional expertise and to be negotiated in academic circles and in the domains of professional practice. In contrast, a rights ideology is based on a social model of disability and a socio-cultural model of deafness that oppose the exclusion of disabled and Deaf people from strategic and participative roles in defining the issues, in policy making, and in decision taking. Where normalisation seeks to eradicate or attenuate difference, a rights' perspective advocates recognition and respect for difference; where normalising ideology looks to expertise and organisational change for solutions, disability movements and Deaf communities argue that the most satisfactory answers are to be found in the fields of politics and power.
Keywords: Deaf community; Disability; Ideology; Normalisation; Rights
A ideologia constitui um importante campo de luta para pessoas com deficiência e para as comunidades Surdas. Nas últimas décadas, duas ideologias - a da normalização e a dos direitos - têm oferecido diferentes respostas à questão do que significa ser deficiente ou Surdo. Ambas as ideologias emergiram no período após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, desafiaram práticas profissionais e estruturas institucionais há muito estabelecidas e recorreram às noções de direitos civis e humanos. Contudo, a da normalização é fundamentalmente paternalista na medida em que a correção é vista como uma questão de competência profissional, negociada em círculos acadêmicos e domínios de prática profissional. Em comparação, uma ideologia dos direitos é baseada em um modelo social de deficiência e em um modelo sociocultural de surdez que se opõem à exclusão dos Surdos e das pessoas com deficiência de funções estratégicas e participativas na definição de problemas, na formulação de políticas e na tomada de decisões. Enquanto a normalização procura erradicar ou atenuar a diferença, uma perspectiva dos direitos defende o reconhecimento e o respeito à diferença; enquanto a ideologia normalizadora busca soluções na competência e nas mudanças organizacionais, os movimentos de pessoas com deficiência e das comunidades Surdas defendem que respostas mais satisfatórias podem ser encontradas no campo da política e do poder.
Palavras-chave: Comunidade Surda; Deficiência; Ideologia; Normalização; Direitos
In contemporary Ireland, and indeed internationally, the relationship between disabled people1 and society is undergoing radical change (Oliver, 1990; Barnes; Mercer, 2003). Change is manifest in fields as diverse as legislation, education, research, service provision and even in the meaning of disability itself. The promise of these initiatives is that they will end or, at the very least, minimise decades of discrimination and exclusion. Any attempt to understand this process requires an exploration of what we might call the deep structures of the relationship between disability and society - the prevailing and often taken-for-granted beliefs, ideas and values which shape that relationship (McDonnell, 2000).
Similar changes are taking place in the relationship between Deaf2 communities and hearing societies. While some theorists in Deaf studies (see for example, Ladd, 2003 and Lane, 2002) reject the notion that Deaf people can be seen as disabled, Deaf people and disabled people share a history of discrimination and have been subject to similar forms of exclusion and oppression in the past (Barnes; Mercer, 2003; Lane; Fischer, 1993; Oliver, 1990). This paper recognises considerable overlap in the experiences of Deaf and disabled communities but also accepts that there are also significant differences between the two groups.
In their analyses of social, political and cultural relations involving disability and deafness, scholars have identified several important ideologies - examples include medicalisation, institutionalisation and eugenics - around which responses to disability and deafness have been organised (Barnes; Mercer, 2003; Lane, 1993; McDonnell, 2007; Oliver, 1990). This paper adopts a Gramscian approach to ideology (Gramsci, 1971). In this sense, ideas and values can be used by the powerful to sustain their position and promote their interests. However, it is also possible to foster ideas and values that challenge the domination of the powerful and to promote an alternative account of how things might be. Gramsci's approach to ideology both as a hegemonic process and as an instrument of social transformation is particularly relevant to an exploration of both disability relations and Deaf relations in society. One the one hand, a relation of domination has been one of the most characteristic features of these relations in western societies since early modern times (McDonnell, 2007). On the other hand, as we shall see, the emergence of a social model of disability and a socio-cultural model of deafness reflects a challenge to this domination and offers alternative understandings of the nature of the relationships involved.
A discussion of all of these ideologies is beyond the scope of this paper; here, I focus on the most recent developments and on two particular ideologies - normalisation and disability / Deaf rights - that have underpinned change in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In the next section of this paper I describe the ideology and practice of normalisation and the general context in which it emerged. I discuss its distinctive characteristics first in relation to disability and then in relation to deafness. A further section addresses the ideology of rights and the development of fundamental challenges to medical models of disability and of deafness. The final section consists of a brief discussion on the impact and implications of normalisation and rights' perspectives.
In the post-World War II period, opposition to the segregation and institutionalisation of disabled people - widespread practices in western society for a century and a half - reached a critical point. The basic argument was that disabled people had a right to more normal and humane experiences, something that was being denied them if they were segregated from mainstream society. Normalisation emerged as an initiative largely among professionals, involving non-disabled practitioners, academics and researchers (Deeley, 2002). The major critique of prevailing theories and practices was located among members of professions directly involved in the fields of disability or deafness, such as psychiatry, psychology and education.
In one typical analysis, Vail (1966, p. vii) summarises the case against the institutional thinking and practices that prevailed. According to this account, the critique of segregation and institutionalisation reflected "[...] astonishing advances in social attitudes and policy" and involved "consciously undoing harsh traditions and replacing them with penetrating and unsentimental humanism". In the past, "institutional relationships" had constrained individual expression and initiative, had fostered dependence and were employed as instruments of control rather than as means of promoting acceptable change; individuals were dehumanised and degraded because they were "put away" and subjected to "inescapable ... humiliations" (Vail, 1966, p. viii).
Like many critics, Vail (1966, p. ix) argued for the kind of reform that would be committed to humane interventions, would reflect authentic and enlightened values, introduce self-critical and self-correcting mechanisms, foster constructive change and independence, and dispense with restrictive and punitive measures. There was, in addition, the more general expectation that new policies and practices would be based on "day treatment and other forms of care in the community" and would promote individualised responses "in the face of increasing mass uniformity in society".
This critique of institutionalisation and segregation was related to the larger political and social changes that were taking place in western society during this period. Firstly, the post-war period witnessed a convergence of ideas, attitudes and movements concerned with human and civil rights. Revelations of the atrocities carried out under the Nazi regime sensitised western society to the rights of minorities and to their protection. Moreover, in the context of cold war politics, contradictions were becoming apparent between claims about social justice and freedom for all, and the actual experiences of particular social groups. Some of these concerns were expressed in a variety of UN charters and other conventions formulated during this period, including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons in 1971 and the Declaration of the Rights of Disabled Persons in 1975 (Faughnan; O'Connor, 1980; Whitehead, 1992).
Secondly, social groups with long historical experiences of oppression began to articulate a social justice agenda through civil rights and women's movements (Whitehead, 1992). These new social movements were prepared to pursue civil rights and social justice goals on the streets, in politics and in the courts. In addition, the courts, especially in the US, seemed prepared to push out the boundaries of rights-based social policy (Bannerman Foster, 1987). Thirdly, critical and well-publicised descriptions of public institutions appeared, graphically describing the abuse, filth, and over-crowding suffered by patients (Levine, 1981; Morris, 1993; Talbot, 1978). Sociological investigations, based on interpretive research paradigms, raised similar concerns (Goffman, 1961), including the class, gender and racial biases of institutionalisation (Mercer, 1974; Talbot, 1978). Studies of this kind alerted public opinion to the rights of patients in psychiatric hospitals, to the treatment of people with learning difficulties in institutions, and to the experiences of students in special education.
Finally, the emergence of the modern welfare state inaugurated an era of social citizenship in which access to education, health and social security was underwritten by the idea of social rights (Thomson, 1998). The question of how social rights might be exercised, with regard to different social groups, prompted a review of professional services within the institutions themselves. In addition, conflicts between the 'old school' medical autocracy and the new professionals - nurses, psychologists, teachers, social workers - provided fertile ground for critical debate (Tyne, 1992).
The ideology of normalisation was expressed in different ways in different parts of the social system - in the integration movement in education, in deinstitutionalisation in the mental health sector, and in normalisation in relation to people with learning difficulties. Normalisation was the explicit premise of Wolfensberger's (1972) case against segregated institutions for people with learning difficulties: such institutions produced devalued identities for the people within them and reinforced negative attitudes among people outside. In a similar vein, arguments against segregated special education highlighted its negative impact on the emotional, social and academic development of pupils with perceived impairments (Barton, 1995). In the treatment of mental illness, the aims of normalising behaviour and of building social networks were seen to be incompatible with an institutional environment (Prior, 1991).
Normalisation involves at most the elimination, or at least, the reduction of difference. With regard to learning difficulties, Szivos (1992) identifies two distinct normalising responses in Wolfensberger's approach: a means criterion and a behaviour criterion. The means of normalisation refers to the need for the environment to highlight and promote images and attitudes that emphasise an individual's similarity to, rather than difference from, others. The behaviour criterion involves promoting individual competence "beyond the point of being merely physically adaptive, to the point of being socially normative" (Szivos, 1992, p. 113). Thus, in education the integration movement is "inherently assimilationist" (Corbett; Slee 2000, p. 134) with the expectation that the integrated pupil is 'ready for' and 'able to cope' in the 'normal' mainstream school. The fact that mainstream schools were significantly abnormal in their social class, gender and ability relations has never been a factor in the integration debate (McDonnell, 2003). In the field of mental health, normalising ideology places a high moral and therapeutic value on community care as opposed to treatment in the institution.
Normalising ideology has a somewhat longer history in relation to Deaf communities than it has in relation to disability. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the work of abbe de l'Epee in Paris led to the rapid expansion of Deaf education in Europe and beyond (Lane, 1984; Lane; Fischer, 1993). Epee's 'French method' gave a central role to signing rather than speech in teaching and learning. However, during the second half of the century, the majority of schools in Europe began a shift towards oralism. In general terms, oralism or oral education refers to a particular pedagogic and organisational approach adopted in schools for Deaf children. It does not recognise the cultural or linguistic standing of Deaf communities and its primary aim is the assimilation of Deaf children into hearing society. Oralist teaching programmes put great emphasis on the teaching and acquisition of spoken language skills, do not use sign language, and generally prohibit its use with and among Deaf children (Lane, 1993; McDonnell; Saunders, 1993).
In the case of Ireland, normalising ideology of this kind characterised Deaf education from the late 1950s onwards (Crean, 1997; Ireland, 1972). However, in this normalising project there was one major contradiction: Deaf schools were de facto signing communities and while the official curriculum stipulated spoken language and forbade signing, the hidden curriculum continued to reflect a signing community (McDonnell; Saunders, 1993); while school regulations might forbid signing, Deaf pupils had no other realistic or effective means of communication with one another.
Normalisation continues to operate in a number of ways in the education of Deaf students in Ireland. The Education Act (Ireland, 1998a), for example, recognises that Irish Sign Language (ISL) has a role in education. However, the act also formulates this role in minimalist terms: it recommends ISL as one of the support services for Deaf students. Thus, the act overlooks the potential of ISL to operate as a primary language in education and implicitly supports the view that a major function of schools is not so much to educate Deaf students, but rather to facilitate their assimilation into hearing society.
Normalisation has proved to be very durable in terms of ideology and practice not only in education but through the social services. It is attractive to professionals because it is congruent with the notion of professional expertise. It appeals to politicians and policy makers because its programmes prompt reform without demanding a more radical transformation of existing services. Normalisation has provided a powerful critique of segregation and institutionalisation. However, its emphasis on policies of dispersal and assimilation, as appropriate responses to discrimination and exclusion, stand in opposition to egalitarian measures such as recognition and solidarity which are essential to a rights perspective (Kwiotek; McDonnell, 2003).
Disability Rights and Deaf Rights
In the post World War II period the ideology of normalisation overlapped with another, very different perspective based on ideas of social justice and civil rights. In the latter case, opposition to discrimination and exclusion coalesced around what became known as the disability movement and the social model of disability. Both normalisation and disability rights' perspectives challenged the same long established ideologies and practices of segregation and institutionalisation. But there were fundamental differences between the two movements. Normalisation was primarily paternalistic. Programmes of reform were organised for the most part by professionals, were aimed at politicians, academics, administrators and other professionals in the social services, and were negotiated mainly in academic circles or the domains of professional practice. No strategic or participative roles were available for disabled people in this debate, nor in the arenas where policies were made and decisions taken. In normalisation, while disabled people were seen to be disempowered and discriminated against, they were also regarded as helpless and dependent. The professionals who argued for reform saw themselves as interpreters of what was in the best interests of disabled people.
From the 1960s onwards, the social model of disability began to gain momentum in western society (Barnes, 1996; 1998; Tregaskis, 2002). Although this perspective or model took somewhat different forms in different places and at different times, the forms all shared important features. Firstly, the social model made a distinction between impairment and disability and challenged the idea of disability as a personal deficit or tragic condition. Secondly, it proposed that disability is the product of a relationship between individuals and their environments. Environments - architectural structures, economic practices, social policies, occupational procedures, health services, legal processes, educational systems, and so on - have been organised and structured over time and represent social and political choices. When a particular structural or organisational form excludes certain groups of people, it is this inequality that causes disability. From this perspective, disability is a form of discrimination. As Harlan Hahn (1985, p. 128) put it, "[...] disability stems from the failure of a structured social environment to adjust to the needs and aspirations of citizens with disabilities rather than from the inability of a disabled individual to adapt to the demands of society." Thus, the emergence of a social model shifted the focus of analysis from individuals and their perceived impairments to environments, inclusion and rights. This model also expressed 'insider' perspectives in that the leading advocates were disabled people whose theories were closely linked to political activism (Oliver, 1990).
There is general agreement that the development of a social model of disability has been instrumental in politicising disabled people and their allies throughout the world (Barnes, 1998; 2000; Tregaskis, 2002). It has shifted attention from psycho-medical conditions to civil and human rights. It has provided a conceptual foundation for an analysis of the social production of disability in the modern world and has supplied a framework for understanding and explaining processes of discrimination experienced by disabled people.
Like the disability movement, Deaf communities have also been involved in a process of social, political and cultural transformation. The development of a cultural model of deafness shared many of the features of the social model of disability. Both appealed to ideas of basic human and civil rights. Both referred to political values that claimed to vindicate those rights and actual social practices that led to discrimination and injustice. Both had available the same master frames of reference, such as civil rights movements and women's movements, for formulating concepts and mobilising support (McAdam, McCarthy; Zald, 1996).
Although it was not always articulated in the same way, the notion of Deaf rights has a long history in Deaf communities. At the beginning of the nineteenth century Jean-Marc Itard, the resident physician at the National Institution for Deaf-Mutes in Paris, carried out experiments on Deaf students in an attempt to locate the lesion that he believed might be the cause of deafness (Lane, 1984). His aim was to try to establish a rational and scientific basis for treatment. However, Itard's model of deafness was not the only one available: Jean Massieu, a Deaf teacher at the National Institution proposed an alternative model (Lane, 1984) Massieu pointed out that a Deaf community existed, that this community had a distinctive language, sign language, and that for Deaf people deafness was more a matter of educational opportunities than a question of disease or lesions of the ear. Nevertheless it was Itard's definition that prevailed and it was Itard who contributed the entry on deafness in the major medical encyclopedia of the period (Lane, 1984). Itard's successor as resident physician in the Paris school, Prosper Ménière, made explicit the nature of the relationship that he believed should exist between the expert and the anomalous subject:
The deaf believe that they are our equals in all respects. We should be generous and not destroy that illusion. But whatever they believe, deafness is an infirmity, and we should repair it whether the person who has it is disturbed by it or not (apud Lane 1984, p. 134).
For most of the nineteenth century, physicians became the accepted experts on deafness. They defined the issues, set the boundaries on how these might be investigated, and mobilised the appropriate social and cultural responses (McDonnell, 2007). The impact of scientific medicine on deafness is evident in the shift towards oral education that occurred over the course of the century and in the resolutions of the congresses on Deaf education that took place in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. While the spread of oralism in special schools for Deaf children led to greater discrimination against Deaf people, it was possible for Deaf communities to organise resistance to these ideas using an alternative model of deafness based on distinctive linguistic and community values (McDonnell; Saunders, 1993). Resistance could take macro forms such as the alternative congresses of the Deaf that proposed strong support for signing in schools as well as the employment of Deaf teachers (Lane 1984). Resistance could also take micro forms within ostensibly pure oral schools, where signing became a covert or underground practice (McDonnell; Saunders 1993).
Research in sign languages and Deaf communities has changed our understanding of deafness and has provided new insights in education. It has shown that the important issues for deaf communities are language and culture and that the problems experienced by Deaf students really have little to do with decibels, audiograms, or even cochlear implants. The research has shown that the real barriers are to be found in unsuitable methods of teaching, in inaccessible curricula, in the absence of a working language, in the lack of Deaf teachers and in high levels of inequality (McDonnell 1997).
The emergence of a socio-cultural model of deafness (Ladd, 2003; Lane, 1993) has provided a theoretical and practical framework in the on-going argument in Ireland for the formal recognition of sign languages and for bilingual education for Deaf students. While these have not yet been achieved there were several other significant developments during the 1990s. The national television broadcaster (Radio TelefísÉireann) now includes signed versions of the evening news in its programming and has broadcast magazine programmes on Deaf people and their interests. As a result, public knowledge and awareness of the Irish Deaf community and Irish Sign Language has grown considerably.
After being excluded for decades, Deaf people, during this period, again became involved in education, as teachers of Deaf students, as home tutors in ISL, and as special needs assistants in the schools. Perhaps the most significant development has been the establishment of a Centre for Deaf Studies in 2001 in at one of the major universities, Trinity College Dublin. The centre now offers a degree in Deaf Studies, graduate training for ISL teachers and interpreters, and conducts research on Deaf- and ISL - related topics. Core objectives for the Irish Deaf community that remain to be achieved include the recognition of Irish Sign Language as an official language and a greater degree of ISL to be available in the public media, especially television.
In this paper we have explored the impact of two influential ideologies, normalisation and rights, on disability and deafness. A focus on ideology is worthwhile and relevant because the ideas, meanings and values associated with both disability and deafness are contested fields. These conflicts and uncertainties make an exploration of ideology particularly important for understanding the social, political and cultural implications of disability and deafness. Current debates about what disability and deafness mean, and how they should be interpreted, constitute important sites of struggle for members of these communities.
In Ireland today, normalisation continues to be a very powerful and influential ideology in the interpretation of deafness and in the organisation of responses, especially in the guidance services, in early intervention and in early education. The most authoritative figures in these fields are medical or quasi-medical professionals and responses are premised on a medical discourse of deafness (Mathews, 2011). Moreover, normalisation typically looks to technology and/or administrative change for solutions (Skrtic, 1995). Thus, an increasing incidence of cochlear implantation and an intensive policy of mainstreaming constitute very characteristic normalising practices. Normalisation also exerts considerable influence on disability relations. This is particularly evident in the psycho-medical definitions of disability that inform recent legislation in education and even in equality-related measures (Ireland, 1998a; Ireland, 1998b; Ireland, 2000).
On the other hand, social model theory in the case of disability, and a socio-cultural interpretation of deafness have marked important paradigm shifts in western society. They have revolutionised thinking about disability and deafness and have been responsible for a great deal of anti-discrimination legislation as well as the introduction of structural reforms aimed at creating more inclusive societies. As a result there is an established awareness that the extent to which discrimination is tackled in these fields is a barometer of the overall well-being of society.
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1Change is evident in the unstable terminology that has surrounded debate about disability in recent years (Jenkins, 1998). Zenderland (1998, p. 6), for example notes that what was once called "feeble-mindedness" later became "mental retardation" and, later still, "developmental disability". In this paper, the terms 'disability' and 'disabled people' are used in a socio-political sense to denote a particular form of oppression or discrimination. The term 'impairment' is used to refer to a perceived difference in physical, sensory or intellectual functioning.
2The term Deaf is used here to indicate membership of a distinctive cultural and linguistic community rather than an audiological impairment (Wrigley, 1996); deaf and deafness are used to refer to an audiological condition or where the meaning is ambiguous.
Received: December 22, 2015; Accepted: March 22, 2016
Patrick McDonnell is a teacher in a school for deaf pupils in Dublin. He has worked with the Irish Deaf community on a number of projects including the first Irish Sign Lanauge tutor and interpreter training programme to be conducted in Ireland. He also played a key role in efforts to establish the Centre for Deaf Studies which is now located in Trinity College Dublin. E-mail: patrick.mcdonnell@ucd.ie


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HomeOp/EdGatepost EditorialThe Gatepost Editorial: Opioid addiction education needed
The Gatepost Editorial: Opioid addiction education needed
February 2, 2018 The Gatepost Editorial Board Gatepost Editorial, Op/Ed 0
According to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, the rate of individuals suffering from Opioid Use Disorder in Massachusetts is almost one-third higher than the national rate.
In 2016, an estimated 2,190 Massachusetts residents died from an opioid-related overdose. Nationally, over 60,000 individuals died from a drug overdose that same year, which in large part was due to opioid-related deaths rising "fivefold," according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
While early 2017 reports indicate that opioid-related deaths declined by 10 percent in Massachusetts, this is still an epidemic many FSU students have witnessed first hand.
According to a Gatepost survey conducted in November, of the 500 Framingham State students surveyed, 187 said they knew someone who has struggled with opioid addiction. Nearly 40 percent of the individuals surveyed have seen the effects of the crisis that, according to Vox.com, has caused more fatalities in 2016 than during the entire Vietnam War.
While at the state level, Governor Charlie Baker has been working to reduce the death toll, here at Framingham State, more can be done to educate the students who may be struggling with addiction themselves.
More needs to be done to inform these students of the resources that are available to them.
Nearly 60 percent of those surveyed said they were unaware of the resources available on campus to those who are struggling with addiction. Additionally, 64.8 percent said they didn't think the University is equipped to to help individuals who may be struggling with an opioid addiction at all.
For those wondering – the Health Center is open weekdays from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The Counseling Center is open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. by appointment. We believe both centers should be open on the weekend as many students' weekdays are filled with classes and work.
Students who are struggling with addiction are advised to go to the health and wellness centers located in Foster Hall, which is right next to the McCarthy Center. From there, students will be referred to a specialist outside of FSU, who will then assess the students' situations and potentially prescribe them medication.
Along with the array of pamphlets throughout the office, that referral is the extent of the aid FSU provides students who are addicted to opioids.
While in the last year the Health Center has hired Joy LaGrutta as the coordinator of Alcohol and Drug Prevention, there has been limited widespread programming to inform students about opioid addiction.
Everyone knows when SUAB is hosting bingo. Everyone knew when Elizabeth Warren visited campus. Not everyone knows about the tables the Health Center sponsors in the McCarthy Center.
In November, the Health Center hosted a screening of the movie "Then and Now," which likens the growing marijuana industry to the tobacco industry. This screening was followed by a discussion led by LaGrutta.
More important than discussions concerning marijuana are those addressing opioid addiction. Unlike opioid addiction, no one has ever died from a marijuana overdose.
We call on the Health Center to host a similar event with a specialist trained to answer questions about opioid addiction.
Thirty-three percent of students surveyed know someone who has died of an opioid overdose. Addiction is something that impacts nearly everyone's life. This national crisis has gone unchecked for years, and has only recently been addressed. In the past, addiction has been treated as a personal failing, not as a health crisis.
We as a community need to be educated.


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Crawley Town FC signs midfielder with NFT holders vote
07/29/2022 General
Professional English soccer team Crawley Town F.C. have followed through on a community vote by fans and NFT holders who were recently given a voice on what type of player the team should recruit next.
The vote, which took place on June 15, which was the first team decision opened up to fans, Voting was done via discord for verified NFT holders.. Votes were also taken from nearly 1,000 season ticket holders.
Speaking with the Daily Mail on July 28, Crawley Town co-owner and former ESPN gambling analyst Preston Johnson emphasized the significance of being able to offer fans a stake in the club via NFTs:
A lot of NFT projects are just speculation with no real tangible spine, no real true story. Having a football club to root for every week? That's a spine that people attach themselves to.
He added :
"If we can bring that to this crypto audience, especially if we're able to actually achieve promotion and move up the ranks of the English football league, then it's an even bigger story people all around the world can be part of"
RELATED : Floor Price of NFTs Collections Suddenly Rised After FED
Following the vote, Crawley Town announced the signing of midfielder Jayden Davis last week on a free transfer after the 20-year-old completed a successful trial with the club.
CLUB GAOL
Founded by Johnson and Eben Smith, the company's goal is to push Crawley Town through to the end and get it into England's top league. Wagmi produced team jerseys for united crawley town that can only be purchased with NFTs .The token can also be used to buy many free adidas products and physical products. In addition, token holders will have a say in participating in special events and team voting.
adidas is excited to announce our partnership with @WAGMIUnited to become the official kit supplier for @crawleytown.
adidas supports WAGMI's vision of creating possibilities for football fans globally to connect, create and belong through innovation.⚽ pic.twitter.com/awYlcBP2fC
— adidas Football (@adidasfootball) June 27, 2022
WAGMI United initially rolled out 10,000 NFTs, and according to the firm's website there are 1933 remaining that can be minted for 0.35 Ether (ETH) worth around $600 at current prices.
Other companies like Socios have also developed their own tokens to interact with fans. Although these tokens are useful for participating in special events, special products, special sales, fans do not have the right to vote on their favorite team.
The prices of Socios fan tokens are also known to be highly volatile and speculative, which has resulted in strong criticism from many soccer fans who have expressed concerns over the prospect of people losing money while also having their fandom monetized.
Tags: NFT


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Williams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,102. Its county seat is Bryan. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. It is named for David Williams, one of the captors of John André in the American Revolutionary War.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.5%) is water.

Adjacent counties
 Hillsdale County, Michigan (north)
 Fulton County (east)
 Henry County (southeast)
 Defiance County (south)
 DeKalb County, Indiana (southwest)
 Steuben County, Indiana (northwest)

Demographics

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 39,188 people, 15,105 households, and 10,664 families living in the county. The population density was 93 people per square mile (36/km2). There were 16,140 housing units at an average density of 38 per square mile (15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.51% White, 0.72% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.19% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. 2.68% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.6% were of German, 17.7% American, 8.1% English and 5.8% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 15,105 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.50% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.40% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.20% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,735, and the median income for a family was $47,398. Males had a median income of $33,476 versus $22,136 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,441. About 3.90% of families and 6.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.20% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 37,642 people, 15,075 households, and 10,260 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 16,668 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.9% white, 1.0% black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 46.1% were German, 12.0% were Irish, 10.7% were English, and 7.8% were American.

Of the 15,075 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.9% were non-families, and 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age was 40.7 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,538 and the median income for a family was $52,975. Males had a median income of $40,658 versus $29,064 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,381. About 9.1% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Williams County is a Republican stronghold county in presidential elections. The last Democrat to win the county was Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.

|}

Government

Williams County has three county commissioners who oversee the various county departments. Current commissioners are:
Brian Davis, Lewis Hilkert, and Terry Rummel.

Communities

City
 Bryan (county seat)

Villages

 Blakeslee
 Edgerton
 Edon
 Holiday City
 Montpelier
 Pioneer
 Stryker
 West Unity

Townships

 Brady
 Bridgewater
 Center
 Florence
 Jefferson
 Madison
 Mill Creek
 Northwest
 Pulaski
 St. Joseph
 Springfield
 Superior

Census-designated places
 Alvordton
 Kunkle
 Lake Seneca
 Nettle Lake
 Pulaski

Unincorporated communities
 Berlin
 Bridgewater Center
 Columbia
 Cooney
 Hamer
 Lock Port
 Melbern
 Mina
 West Jefferson
 Williams Center

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Williams County, Ohio

References

External links
 Williams County Government's website
 https://www.facebook.com/groups/TheWilliamsCountyOhioVirtualMuseum/ The Williams County, Ohio Virtual Museum on Facebook

1824 establishments in Ohio
Populated places established in 1824


For the 17th year, Lenel is helping to protect players, coaches, officials and fans at the 2015 Little League World Series with its advanced security systems, including a new high-tech video management system.
As 16 teams from around the world converge for the 69th annual Little League World Series, Lenel, a provider of advanced security systems, is there for the 17th consecutive year helping to protect players, coaches, officials and fans. Lenel is part of UTC Building & Industrial Systems, a unit of United Technologies Corp.
Each year, Lenel contributes its technology, supplies, service, and expertise to help protect attendees of the 10-day event, which culminates this year with the world championship game on Aug. 30.
James Ferguson, director of security for Little League International, said Lenel's annual participation is important to his department as it works to ensure the tournament's safe conduct.
Upon arrival at the Little League complex, each player is enrolled in the OnGuard system and receives a photo identification badge to wear throughout the series. The badges allow players to access areas throughout the Creighton J. Hale International Grove, where they live, eat, and relax between games.
Averting threats and locating lost articles — OnGuard's intelligent video algorithms can help locate lost articles, detect suspicious packages left unattended, vehicles in forbidden areas, and other out-of-the-ordinary activity.
Friday Funny: Around The World In Search Of The 30 Most Architecturally Impressive Sports StadiumsOn its trip around the world, Sports Management Degree Hub discovered the most defining element of a city's architecture—sports stadiums—can radiate the history and energy of a city.


WASHINGTON -- America's birth rate fell to a record low last year as both teenagers and women in their prime childbearing years had fewer babies, the government said Wednesday.
But the percentages of premature and low birth weight babies climbed, continuing the rise of recent years.
The birth rate was 13.9 per 1,000 persons in 2002, the Health and Human Services Department announced. That compares with 14.1 a year ago. The most recent high was 16.7 in 1990.
The latest figure is the lowest in government records that go back to the turn of the 20th century, according to Brady Hamilton, a demographer at the National Center for Health Statistics.
A major factor in the decline has been the reduction in births to teenagers in recent years, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson said. He called that "a significant accomplishment."
Other factors also play a part, including the aging of the population, added Hamilton. Hamilton noted that women in their prime childbearing years have been choosing to have fewer children and, as the population ages, there are fewer women in their 20s and 30s.
Overall, there were 4,019,280 births in the United States in 2002, down from 4,025,933 the year before.
Some 12 percent of last year's births were premature, compared with 11.9 percent in 2001. In addition, 7.8 percent were listed as low birth weight, which the center said was at the highest level in more than 30 years. Last year's rate was 7.7 percent.
Those increases came despite greater access to prenatal care. The center said 83.8 percent of women began receiving care in the first trimester of pregnancy last year, compared with 83.4 percent in 2001 and 75.8 percent in 1990.
The birth rate for unmarried women declined last year to 43.6 per 1,000 unmarried women, but this group still accounted for more than one-third of all births.
Teenagers 15 to 19 had a birth rate of 42.9 per 1,000, down from 45.3 in 2001 and 47.7 in 2000. The rate for girls 10 to 14 was 0.7 per 1,000, down from 0.8 in 2001.
For women 20 to 24, the rate was 103.5 per 1,000, down from 106.2 in 2001. For women 25 to 29, the rate was unchanged at 113.6.
The birth rate dropped between 2001 and 2002 from 91.9 to 91.6 per 1,000 for women 30 to 34.
For women 35 to 39 and 40 to 44 the birth rates edged up. It went from 40.6 to 41.4 for the former, and 8.1 to 8.3 for the later. The rate for women aged 45 to 54 was unchanged at 0.5.
Last year, more than one-fourth of births, 26.1 percent, were by Caesarean section, compared with 24.4 percent in 2001.


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World's best surf-ski racers in Perth
AUSTRALIA'S richest surf-ski racing event hits Perth this weekend, featuring some of the best paddlers from around the world.
In its sixth year, the Spirit Paddle Ocean Challenge Series consists of three events staged in Perth, Dubai and Hong Kong. Perth is the last stop in the series.
On Saturday, more than 100 paddlers will make the 28km journey from Rottnest to Sorrento Beach.
The event is scheduled to start at 1.30pm from the southern end of Thompson Bay, with the top paddlers reaching shore at Sorrento about 3pm.
With the exception of one athlete, the top 14 paddlers from last week's Dubai event will take compete, along with some of Australia's top paddlers.
Event coordinator Ash Nesbit said he was overwhelmed with the quality of entrants. "This is without doubt the greatest field ever assembled for this style of race." he said.
"In the lineup we have legendary Tahitian paddler Lewis Laughlin, who won Molokai this year, the Chalupsky brothers from South Africa and the leader in this year's world tour race, Dawid Mocke, also from South Africa."
The field will feature a host of former world champions along with some Olympians and surf lifesaving competitors.
WA ironman champ Brendon Sarson, and unrelated Olympic pair Reece Baker and Michael Baker are the best of the local contingent in the men's field.
The unbeaten Natasha Leaversuch, from WA, will fight it out against last year's winner, New Zealander Katie Pocock, and a host of South African competitors.
More than 30 paddlers are making the trip from the east coast along with competitors from Tahiti, South Africa, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Hawaii.
Conditions are tipped to be perfect on the day - with southwesterly winds of 17-20 knots anticipated.


In our new Play Now series, we give you a slice of the action through thrilling POV shots—each one minute or less. Here, we go with mountain biker Steve Storey to the Rychlebské Mountains of the Czech Republic. Follow along as he cruises down Superflow, a nine kilometer stretch of singletrack that feeds into a larger volunteer-built trail network. As Storey told us, "Beauty, functionality, sustainability, and a good time were all covered in this piece of art." You can follow Storey on Facebook here and on Twitter here.