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Home Alfa Romeo Exteriors designed for dynamism and Italian appeal
Exteriors designed for dynamism and Italian appeal
Gerald Ferreira
The new model, designed by the Alfa Romeo style centre in Arese, is the first all-new model to be built since the 8C Competizione – Alfa Romeo's icon of style and technology, from which it borrows certain characteristic traits: The frameless side windows, the three-lobed motif that distinguishes the front bumper, the shape of the headlights and the LED tail-lights.
The headlight and tail-light surrounds represent a distinctive personalised feature: best described as an eye-liner effect framing the lights that underscores the car's style and aggression.
Available exclusively with three doors, the Alfa Romeo MiTo is remarkable for its compact size (4.06m long, 1.44m high and 1.72m wide). These measurements find stylistic expression in the highly sculpted and skilfully moulded surfaces. In detail, the body is given extra dynamism by the horizontal furrow cut into the side above the front wheel arch. The big wheels and powerful muscularity of the rear wings emphasise the model's personality and strength without detracting from the lines that flow smoothly, almost as though to underscore the formal good looks of the individual exterior details: the drop-shaped headlight embedded, gem-like, in the front wing and the LED tail-lights that are a blend of technology and rationalism.
The Alfa Romeo MiTo also offers other distinctive traits that define its strong personality and make it immediately recognisable in accordance with the specific canons of the brand. Beginning with a strong, spare front end dominated by the unmistakable Alfa family feeling, represented by a distinctive trefoil with the shield in the centre.
The equally distinctive profile gives the model the appearance of an agile, solid and protective car. This is due, above all, to a pronounced shelf on the side that makes the car look slender and dynamic. Taut lines that meet at the rear and the small area of glass (compared to the large extent of metal at the side) accentuate the wedge-shaped configuration and ensure an out-and-out sporty appearance.
The rear end also has a lot to say stylistically. The rear of the Alfa Romeo MiTo features a small rear screen supported by powerful shoulders that frame the round, racing-style lights. The bumper houses a large extractor grille which is highly three-dimensional and located just under a lip in the bodywork that further enhances the car's great personality.
The solutions introduced on the Alfa Romeo MiTo to achieve the highest levels of aerodynamic efficiency are not limited to the shape. Air wraps around the car and follows its natural course, unhindered by corners and unevenness. All the pillar and glass surfaces and profiles together with the door mirror shape and position have been optimised by mathematical modelling and also by wind tunnel tests. The final outcome is a Cd of 0.29 that confirms the sporting qualities of the compact Alfa Romeo.
The Alfa Romeo style centre also developed new colours to emphasise the shape of the Alfa Romeo MiTo that match the car's sinuous shape while also suggesting modernity and a hint of technology. The all-important red shade comes in two versions: the traditional non-metallic Alfa Red and the lighter Giulietta red, a reminder of Alfa Romeo's glorious past, conferring a young and sporty character on this model. The white has also been reformulated and is available in two versions: a warmer non-metallic and an even more luxurious pearlised version. Grey, the ultimate hi-tech colour, is available in two forms: a very sporty coarse-grained grey and a paler, more shiny grey.
Black comes in a conventional non-metallic version as well as a new shade, created using a micalised red undercoat that gleams through the black in the sunlight. The Blue colour palette is represented by a very stylish pale pearlised blue. And lastly a special new colour for the new compact Alfa: an intense, warm, deep yellow.
Customers who wish to customise their car still further can, for the first time on an Alfa Romeo, choose between different finishes for the headlight and tail-light frames (eg chrome, opaque black and titanium grey, plus the body shades). Similarly, the door mirror caps can also be ordered as an option in shiny or satinised chrome, opaque black and titanium grey. These alternative finishes are available as dealer accessories.
The light clusters on the Alfa Romeo MiTo are also worthy of a separate mention as they are veritable gems of design and engineering. The front headlights are available in two versions: the first with halogen bulbs, the second with xenon bulbs (optional) that offer an improved light emission quality and excellent performance in all weathers. In a gas discharge bulb, the usual internal filament is replaced by two electrodes spaced a few millimetres apart. These generate a voltaic discharge in an environment saturated with low-pressure xenon gas. These devices offer three times more brightness and duration than normal headlights with a halogen bulb.
The front headlights offer a daytime light function (Daytime Running Lights) that automatically turn on the special low energy bulbs to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions when the engine is started up: it should be emphasised that this function complies with the specific European regulation that is due to come into force in 2012.
The tail-lights on the Alfa Romeo MiTo also display careful styling and state-of-the-art technology. The tail-light clusters, produced by Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting, are circular in shape to create a sporty impression that is also reminiscent of Alfa Romeo tradition. The lights are fitted with LED bulbs that offer greater brightness than conventional bulbs and come on faster when the car brakes. This ensures greater safety and distinctive good looks.
For the interiors, the keynote is sportsmanship and style
The interiors, created by the Alfa Romeo Style Centre, take driving position as their starting point and make the driver the centre of attention: excellent distance ratio between pedal, seat, steering wheel and gearlever allow a perception of full control to ensure a typically Alfa Romeo standard of driving satisfaction. The central console also encloses the controls of the climate control system, radio, gear lever and Alfa D.N.A. system. The circular analogue speedometer and rev counter on the dashboard are also linked by a high resolution reconfigurable digital display, and perfect lighting (red or white, according to the version) guarantees clear, easy reading of all the instrumentation, particularly at night. And finally, hand position and grip are perfect on the three-spoke steering wheel (leather-covered of course!), even when negotiating difficult manoeuvres.
The interiors of the new model also represent a perfect balance between style and sportiness, a dialectic that the Alfa Romeo translates into a sophisticated combination of colours, top-quality fabrics and superb materials. As an option, it is also possible to choose superb quality upholstery in Poltrona Frau® (available in Black, Red and Natural leather), a touch of exclusivity that combines the Alfa Romeo brand with one of the most famous Italian designer labels in the world: the final result is a life-enhancing environment with a very hand-crafted look.
The dashboard breaks down into two parts: a rigid outer casing and a soft-touch inset (resembling woven carbon fibre) that is colour co-ordinated according to the three interior trim colours (black, red and blue).
The seats feature a juxtaposition of materials that can be seen and felt upon touch. The outer skins are smooth and silky with a clean, opaque-coloured look. The central part is always trimmed with the most opulent materials: a carbon fibre design has been printed onto the microfibre to create an outstanding contrast of shiny/opaque. The feel is unique, sporty due to the underlying microfibre and silky due to the shiny fibre on the surface. The MiTo also features the essential Alfa Romeo logo, repositioned on the inner part of the seat as on the 8C Competizione. The logo is embroidered with a contrasting thread.
It should be emphasised that the front and rear seats on the Alfa Romeo MiTo have been designed to guarantee the best comfort for each passenger percentile. This was possible by working in close contact with the best Italian specialists in ergonomics and sports medicine. To promote comfort and above all the absorption of vibrations, the front seats come with a new system for holding up the lumbar area that promotes back support. Not to mention the fact that the front seat padding can adapt to the body's shape and offer an anti-submarining configuration that prevents the body sliding forward beneath the seat belt in the event of a violent head-on impact.
The following adjustments are possible on the front seats: ride; reach (with a total travel of no less than 240 mm); backrest tilt (by means of a wheel that allows continuous adjustment) – and lumbar (standard on the driver's seat and optional on the passenger seat).
The front driver's seat is also equipped with height adjustment and both front seats feature the S.A.H.R. (Self Aligning Head Restraint) system that moves the head restraint closer to the neck of seat occupants to lessen the effect of whiplash in the event of impact.
The rear seat also offers an antisubmarining structure and features padding of differential stiffness according to the seat area occupied (this parameter measures the ability of the padding to yield beneath the body's weight). The rear seats are fitted with Isofix attachments for child seats while the head restraints are sliding saddle type.
Last but not least, the car's compact size does not detract in any way from the overall roominess that is at the top of its category as evidenced, for example, by the outstanding amount of room available for rear passengers. The Alfa Romeo MiTo also offers a number of convenient compartments of various sizes to accommodate small and medium-sized items. The luggage compartment on the new Alfa Romeo is also impressive for its regular shape and 270 litres of capacity.
The innovative Alfa D.N.A. system
The new model is the first Alfa Romeo car to benefit from the Alfa D.N.A. system, an innovative device that modulates the main driving parameters (engine response, stability control and power steering)
Until now the exclusive preserve of racing cars or supercars, the Alfa D.N.A. system acts on the engine, brakes, steering, suspension and gearbox, allowing three different vehicle behaviour modes based on the driving style best suited to the situation or the customer's wishes: supersporting (Dynamic), town driving (Normal), maximum safety even in low grip conditions (All weather).
The selector is located in an ergonomic position – in front of the gear lever on the tunnel – and allows one of the three modes to be selected by simply moving the lever (the choice is displayed by the lighting of a specific led and also by a message on the control panel). In detail, for those who desire a relaxed drive in total safety, in Normal mode the individual components involved in the Alfa D.N.A. system are as follows: engine tuned for performance, very slight Vehicle Dynamic Control and DST (Dynamic Steering Torque) alert to prevent oversteer.
If you prefer to use your Alfa Romeo MiTo for more sporty applications, all you have to do is move the lever to Dynamic position: when in this mode, the Alfa D.N.A. offers a unique driving experience because the system makes the VDC and ASR less intrusive (this means the vehicle dynamics are a little more free of the electronic control) and simultaneously activates the Q2 Electronic system. Still in Dynamic mode, the Alfa D.N.A. also acts on the steering and engine to offer a truly comprehensive and entertaining sporting experience. The steering is less power-assisted and offers a more sporty sensation to ensure perfect control. Last but not least, the engine becomes even more responsive with an even prompter response thanks to an over-boost facility that allows the driver to use the full 230 Nm of torque Altogether, the Alfa Romeo MiTo with Dynamic selection is the ideal choice for entertainment in full safety.
Lastly, the third mode accentuates the effect of traction control and increases sensitivity to wheel spin (this DST active electronic steering function cuts in when driving over surfaces with different levels of grip (in winter, for example, it is often the case that two wheels are on ice while the other two are on asphalt). When 'All Weather' is selected on the selector, the Alfa D.N.A. system makes the car easier to control over road surfaces with low grip (e.g. on wet surfaces or snow), taking action to control vehicle dynamics because the VDC cut-in threshold is lowered.
The new Alfa Romeo MiTo suspension systems
One of the briefs given to the designers allocated to the 'Alfa Romeo MiTo' project was to create a suspension capable of higher-category performance levels. The devices therefore had to ensure great driving ease and precision, outstanding road-holding and the best possible acoustic and vibrational comfort. Hence the choice of two tried and tested layouts – a MacPherson layout at the front and a semi-independent layout with torsion beam at the rear. This choice was made to guarantee ease of driving and maximum weight containment, guaranteeing the handling goals that Alfa Romeo cars have always strived to attain.
In particular the following operations have been carried out to add an exclusive touch to the Alfa Romeo MiTo suspension system. Firstly, the ground tracks are amongst the widest within the relevant segment (front equal to 1483 mm and rear equal to 1475 mm) to emphasise the promptness of response, stability and control even under extreme conditions. The rim channels are also wide in relation to the size of the tyres in order to optimise the handing performance of the tyres, while the stiff, low front or rear springs give the vehicle a sporting ride and feeling in terms of appearance and function. The rear torsion beam with 'C' cross section also features high torsional stiffness to enable it also to act as an anti roll bar, thus ensuring optimum roll performance and helping maximise the promptness of response. Lastly, and certainly the most distinctive feature of the Alfa Romeo MiTo suspension, the front and rear shock absorbers feature a coilover fitted inside the shock absorber that acts in parallel with the main spring during the extension travel with the main purpose of reducing roll.
The Alfa Romeo MiTo adopts a MacPherson configuration that certainly represents the best front suspension solution for front-wheel drive transverse-engined minis. This solution optimally safeguards the space inside the engine compartment while simultaneously guaranteeing an excellent compromise in terms of handling and comfort due to the kinematic configuration that is similar in certain respects to that of the more sophisticated double wishbone layout – and also due to the reciprocal distance to the attachment points on the body.
In particular, the main components of this structural configuration are as follows:
Two-part wishbones in pressed steel (with a patented 'butterfly' construction configuration), offering a considerable weight saving;
A front suspension beam offering great structural stiffness with the transverse link near the front arm attachments;
Split dome pads (dual-path configuration) to filter out road vibrations more effectively while ensuring high structural stiffness to benefit driving precision;
• Anti-roll stabiliser bar with rods equipped with ball links for anchorage to the shock absorbers that allow greater stabilising efficiency and a more prompt dynamic response when cornering;
Coil springs produced using the side-load method for optimisation of the thrust axis with the aim of reducing tangential forces on the shock absorber pushrod and thus internal friction (system hysteresis) with consequent better absorption of minor road surface roughness;
All versions are fitted with double-acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers with a 22 mm rod diameter for great lateral stiffness to promote good road holding on corners, with a rebound spring fitted inside that operates when the shock absorber is under compression to help reduce roll.
The semi-independent, torsion beam architecture represents an outstanding rear suspension solution for front wheel drive minis because it takes up less room, guarantees lower weights and also offers a good compromise in terms of handling and comfort. These benefits are guaranteed by the torsion beam that changes shape to allow the wheels to follow road surface roughness while also reacting to the torsion to perform the function of an anti-roll bar.
In detail, the components characteristic of the Alfa Romeo MiTo rear suspension include a torsion beam with C-shaped cross-section for great torsional stiffness and pressed wishbones made out of two halves; differential stiffness slotted bushes for securing the rear axle to the body to ensure good filtering of longitudinal roughness and great stiffness in the event of lateral loads to optimise stability – and lastly, very stiff coil springs to ensure a sporting ride.
The front and rear shock absorbers with coilover springs fitted as standard over the whole range feature a spring between pipe and pushrod, that is secured to one end of the tube in the upper part of the shock absorber and acts during the extension stroke. The point at which the spring starts to act changes according to the length of the spring, which therefore acts in parallel to the main suspension spring.
In detail, fixing the length of the internal shock absorber spring and thus the point at which it acts effectively stabilises the driving condition when the internal shock absorbers spring begins to act and thus contributes to overall vehicle rigidity. As a consequence, fixing the point at which the springs begin to take effect on shock absorbers with coilover springs and producing a car that behaves like a conventional car under normal driving conditions. Under sporty driving conditions, however, the shock absorbers come into play by increasing rollover stiffness, thus benefiting dynamic performance. In the event of high lateral acceleration levels, the Alfa Romeo MiTo equipped with contracting shock absorbers therefore behaves in much the same way as a conventional car with stiffer suspension tuning. In situations where the lateral acceleration values are lower, the shock absorber coilover springs do not cut in and the Alfa Romeo MiTo, unlike cars with stiffer suspension tuning, does not penalise comfort under non-sporting driving conditions.
Another aspect that deserves highlighting is the fact that when the shock absorber coilover springs intervene during a cornering manoeuvre, only the inner wheel shock absorber springs work (by stretching) while the outer wheel shock absorbers do not work (remaining compressed). Under such conditions, the stiffness configuration is therefore asymmetrical and this alters the car's dynamics during rollover motion, with two consequences: the outer wheels sit more firmly on the road to promote tyre grip (and the hence the transmissible lateral forces) and the roll centres are lower for greater stability.
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For most people, checking your weight at the beginning of the week isn't all that productive because the damage has already been done. It's likely you'll just be ticked off with yourself for your weekend binges, and your weight will be pretty much where it was the week before. So you might try weighing yourself on Friday morning instead. When your week has gone well, a Friday weigh-in will tell you so – and you'll be more likely to stay on track during the weekend.
Most people use part of their weekend to get ready for the upcoming week, so a good strategy is to spend a little time in the kitchen preparing some healthy meals for the work week ahead. Plan your week's meals before you grocery shop, make a list and don't go to the store on an empty stomach.
Some people use the weekends for a longer, more intense workout, but others have a tendency to slack off. If you're not up for your usual workout, use your leisure time for something different that you may not have time for during the week. Maybe take a hike, shoot some hoops or spend some time in the garden.
Some people cut back too much during the week, figuring they have a lot of extra calories saved up for a weekend splurge. But a large plate of nachos and a couple of margaritas, for example, could cost you well over 1,000 calories. That's a pretty big setback, even if you've been careful all week. And that's just one meal – keep eating like that all weekend and you're likely to get nowhere fast.
When you've been sticking close to your diet plan all week, it's natural to want to reward yourself. But rewarding yourself with food is probably not the best approach. Of course, you should go out and enjoy yourself, but let the relaxing time you spend with friends and family be a reward in itself. You'll be more successful at managing your weight if you stick fairly close to your healthy eating patterns, food choices and portions – no matter what day of the week it is.


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I remember the first time I saw The Breakfast Club, and in fact this was my introduction to John Hughes. I was in high school, in grade 9, and one of our gym teachers, of all people, put it on for us during one of our gym classes, as the idea of acceptance, and the…
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Next up in DK Canada's immensely enjoyable Monsters in the Movies, is the classic Canadian horror (shot in Vancouver and featuring some homegrown talent), The Changeling, a wonderful addition to the ghost chapter I am currently delving into. After his wife and child are killed in an accident while on vacation, composer John Russell (George…
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This week, it's Sean Patrick's final turn as Indiana Jones in an adventure written by Jonathan Hales and Matthew Jacobs from a story by George Lucas, which brings the character full circle, in a meta sense as Indy heads to Hollywood! Debiting as a television movie on 15 October, 1994, the story picks up in…
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Sigh. You'd think that a film boasting the likes of Frank Oz behind the camera, and Nicole Kidman, Christopher Walken, Bette Midler, Jon Lovitz, Glenn Close and Matthew Broderick in front would constitute a better film. But you can tell just by the casting that the film is slipping away from the dark conformist…
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These films keep coming, and it's a good thing, that for the most part, I am willing to indulge them as a guilty pleasure. The Sci-Fi Chronicles brings me the third sequel in the Resident Evil Series that sees Alice (Milla Jovovich) trying to catch up with those she left after the events in…
Resident Evil: Extinction (2007) – Russell Mulcahy
The Sci-Fi Chronicles continues to explore my guilty pleasure film series, by plunging me into the third film based upon the popular Capcom video game. Once again, this one picks up more or less where the previous one left off, as Alice (Milla Jovovich) travels on her own, having left the other Raccoon City survivors,…
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After a fun video introduction by the director, Colin Hardy, the 2nd opening night feature, The Hallow for the Toronto After Dark Film Festival at the Scotiabank Theater. Leaving the bustle of London behind, Adam (Joseph Mawle), Claire (Bojana Novakovic) and their infant son move to a remote cabin in the Irish countryside, enclosed by untouched…
Jurassic World (2015) – Colin Trevorrow
The Park is open! It's time to go back to Isla Nublar to take a look at the latest update to the world created by Steven Spielberg (who serves as Executive Producer), and author, the late Michael Crichton. And while it is fun to see dinosaurs on the big screen again, there is only…
The Rockford Files (1975) – Counter Gambit & Claire
This week's delving into the files of private investigator Jim Rockford (James Garner) is a lot of fun in terms of plot and cast. The phone gags are a lot of fun as well, in the first episode, it's a friend of Jim's who wants to give him the money he owes, but he's…
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Q: XML binding to WPF, inline/property binding and filter clauses I'm attempting to bind an XML document to wpf, via datacontext, and am having trouble figuring out how to do property binding
Assuming an xml file like:
<Vehicles>
  <Vehicle Name="Test" Vehicle_Id="1"/>
</Vehicles>

How do I achieve what I'm attempting below,
attempt 1:
<TextBlock DataContext="{Binding XPath=/Vehicles/Vehicle[@Vehicle_Id='1']}" Text="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/>

attempt 2:
<TextBlock Text="{Binding XPath=/Vehicles/Vehicle[@Vehicle_Id='1']/@Name}"/>

e.g. is it possible to use filter clauses on the xpath for datacontext
As I'm seriously new to WPF, I accept that I may be completely missing the point of DataContext in this context.
Thanks in advance!

A: You should try setting up a XmlDataProvider.  Check out Bea Stollnitz's blog for examples of XML WPF XAML only binding methods.

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Q: Как захватить все данные? Собственно, как захватить все данные ?
Онлайн пример: regex101.com
Шаблон:
(т[^\s]*)\s

Текст:
    текст  текст
 текст  текст
   текст

A: В выражении (т[^\s]*)\s шаблон \s требует наличие пробельного символа после символа т и 0 и более непробельных символов. Это значит, что совпадение в конце строки найдено не будет.
Если нужно найти т и следующие за этой буквой непробельные символы, используйте
т\S*

См. пример работы регулярного выражения (в POSIX-совместимых средах используйте эквивалентное выражение т[^[:space:]]*).
Если перед т должен быть пробельный символ или начало строки, используйте
(?<!\S)т\S*

См. пример работы регулярного выражения
Пробельные границы слова выглядят в общем случае так:
(?<!\S)текст(?!\S)

См. пример работы регулярного выражения. (?<!\S)текст(?!\S) найдёт все совпадения текста между пробельными символами, или в начале или конце строки (блок предварительного просмотра назад (?<!\S) требует наличия пробельного символа или начала строки сразу перед первым т, а блок предварительного просмотра вперёд (?!\S) требует наличия пробельного символа или конца строки сразу после последнего т).


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Information technology and electronic computing has become ubiquitous in people's lives today. Powerful personal computers (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), Pocket PCs, and SmartPhones are utilized by more and more people everyday. This increasing trend has several negative impacts on both the environment as well as the general public.
One such impact is the increase in energy usage. As these devices—especially home personal computers—need more and more powerful processors, energy consumption also increases. This increase in the consumption of electricity will put upward pressure on energy production, which in turn can increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a major environmental problem around the world. Another environmental impact is the increase in toxic electronic device waste. This is due to the increased use of materials that are not environmentally friendly such as those used in the manufacture of electronic components of these devices. Several governmental initiatives such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) have been set in place to help solve this problem but adherence to these directives is the key to solving it. For now, as these electronic devices come to the end of their useful lives, the disposal of their carcasses is having a big environmental impact in the huge increase in landfill pollution of toxic electronic device waste.
Another impact of the ubiquity of more powerful and complex home PCs and personal electronic devices is on the wallet of consumers. As the demand for more powerful computing capabilities increase, the current trend is for computer manufacturers to build PCs with more powerful processors, motherboard components, and peripherals. It is not atypical for a home personal computer to have multiple dual core high performance processors, high performance video and audio cards, and complex motherboard architectures. Also, manufacturers of mobile electronic devices need to install computing programs similar to those provided in the user's personal computer as well as programs that synchronize data between the two devices. This creates unnecessary complexity in the computing architecture of and between these devices and introduces unnecessary complexity in their use. The need for PCs, PDAs, and mobile phones to be powerful enough to handle the increasing processing demand forces the use of additional materials, parts and labor in their manufacture, in turn increasing the price of the device which consumers ultimately pay via higher prices, which may also increase inflation.
Furthermore, archaic elements still remain in the design and manufacture of personal computing devices. For one, the typical embodiment of a home personal computer (PC) is still that of a central processing unit (a CPU) connected to a video monitor, a keyboard & mouse, and peripherals such as CD/DVD drives, a printer, or a scanner. The CPU is comprised of a high power/high performance processor or processors, a complex motherboard, a powerful internal power supply, cooling fans, high performance peripheral video and sound cards, and random access memory (RAM) attached to a motherboard that provides connections for the video monitor, disk drives, and peripherals via wires, cables, or ports.
Because of the need for this design to have a video monitor and expensive computing/processing components to be installed locally in the CPU, the cost of buying and maintaining a home personal computer can be a quite significant amount—currently as high as several thousand dollars in today's market. The significant financial amount needed to purchase and maintain a home personal computer has kept some members of the population such as high school or college students on a budget and low-income families from enjoying the benefits of owning one. Even PC buyers who can afford the price of a PC at today's market prices would more than gladly welcome and benefit from lower priced personal computers.
Also, since the inception of the home personal computer, the design or "form factor" of the CPU has basically stayed the same: a box-shaped unit. Although some CPU manufacturers such as Alienware (www.alienware.com), ColorWare (www.colorwarepc.com), Cenio (www.cenio.com), and VoodooPC (www.voodoopc.com) have provided customizations such as providing different colors and superficial variations on the shape of the CPU, its overall form factor has stayed in the shape of a box. Furthermore, the design of the CPU form factor does not allow people to customize it. Because of this, people looking to purchase a home PC do not have a wide variety of choices in buying one that fits their tastes and likes. As an example, it is not possible at this time to purchase a home PC with a CPU in the shape of a mailbox, a clamshell or a race car. It is also not possible at this time to purchase a home PC with a CPU housing that has the extensibility design similar to a Lego building set where pieces can be added on providing unlimited variations in form embodiments that people can create to tailor their PC appearance and activity to their tastes and likes.
This invention is an electronic personal computing and videophone system consisting of a remote server system providing dynamic subscription based virtual computing services & resources, a thin client system located in the vicinity of a television set, and a wireless mobile device (a Pocket PC Phone). Users can define & create one or more virtual PCs using the remote server system and connect to it using either device. The thin client utilizes a television set as the video output; receives user input via a wireless keyboard (WiFi, BlueTooth, Infrared, etc.), a wireless mouse, attached CD/DVD drive, or attached scanner. The thin client has a software program that connects and communicates with the remote server system, which provides virtual subscription-based computing, processing, internet-based television programming, web-based video, television programming video card technology, multi-location/multi-point video conferencing programs, and data storage—in essence, a virtual computer.
Since the virtual computer is located on the remote server system, the user can use a similar software program in the wireless mobile device to access the same virtual computer he/she accesses from the home based thin client, eliminating the need for the purchase and installation of a duplicate set of similar programs onto the wireless mobile device and for programs to synchronize data from the wireless mobile device with the user's personal computer. The wireless mobile device has an LCD screen, a keyboard, a mouse, speakers, a camera, and a software program that connects and communicates with the remote server system to send computing commands and audio/video data and receives computing services and audio/video data from a virtual computer hosted on the remote server system.
Since one of the programs provided in the virtual computer is a multi-location/multi-point video conferencing program that allows a plurality of users to talk and see each other simultaneously, and since the thin client device and the wireless mobile device both have a microphone, speakers, and a video camera, both devices serve the functionality of being a personal computer as well as a videophone in one device and furthermore, for the wireless mobile device having the spirit and goal of being a Pocket PC Phone.
In this embodiment, the invention addresses and improves upon several shortcomings of current personal computing systems.
First, the invention eliminates the need for several components typical to the embodiment of a home personal computer such as the video monitor, a complex motherboard, a powerful internal power supply, cooling fans, high performance peripheral video and sound cards, and local hard drives. By utilizing a television set as the device for video output it eliminates the need to purchase a separate video monitor.
Furthermore, by connecting to and communicating with a remote server system that creates and hosts individual virtual desktop environments personalized for each thin client device or Pocket PC Phone request, these devices can be provided with personalized & customized virtual subscription-based computing resources, computer programs, data storage, and video & sound output. This subscription-based server-based computing architecture eliminates the need for a lot of expensive, energy consuming, and environmentally harmful components to be included in the manufacture of a home personal computer as well as expensive maintenance and upgrades inherent to today's PCs. This lessens the total cost to the user, lessens energy consumption since thin client devices usually use less than 1/10 the power used by regular PC processors (compare the AMD Geode which uses less than 2 watts over the Intel Pentium 4 which uses up to 85 watts), and lessens the environmental impact from toxic electronic device waste, especially in the disposal of old monitors and CPUs since this invention uses a television set instead of a monitor and a thin client device that is ⅕ the size of a regular PC. And since the thin client device does not have a hard disk drive, cooling fans, and the need for a complex and large power supply, these devices last much longer than traditional PCs.
Secondly, by utilizing a thin client device and a remote online server system in a server-based computing architecture, the invention eliminates the need for the components mentioned above to be installed locally in a CPU and in doing so it frees up the design, form factor, and space limits imposed by the existence of these components. As such, the invention's form factor can be created in shapes and materials that would not be possible with the limits imposed by the existence of these components. With this invention, the thin client device can be manufactured in a wide array of designs and shapes that cater to a wide array of people's tastes and likes. Also, the thin client device can be manufactured in a form factor that allows extensions to be added or connected to it, providing people to customize it to their own liking and improve the user experience with personal computers.
Thirdly, since the thin client device is located beside or in the vicinity of the television set, this allows the device to emit light, motion, or sound alerts to the user if and when messages arrive. These messages can include email, instant messages (IM), or system generated messages. These alerts can especially be helpful if the user is watching the television set in regular TV mode, e.g. watching a show on a TV channel. And by providing electronic ports and interfaces that light, motion, and sound devices can connect to and communicate with, the invention provides a way to further customize the user experience by providing the ability for these light, motion, and sound devices to alert the user of any incoming messages in a customized and unique fashion.
Finally, since both the home thin client device and the Pocket PC Phone serve the functionality of being a personal computer as well as a videophone in one device, the manufacture of the Pocket PC Phone becomes simplified and less costly since it does not have the need for complex high performance hardware components as well as the installation of a duplicate set of software programs to provide the functionality of those installed on the home PC and for software programs to provide complex synchronicity with the home PC programs.
In summary, by utilizing a remote online server system providing dynamic virtual computing services in a subscription-based and server-based computing architecture, the invention eliminates the need for expensive components in the manufacture of personal computers, thereby significantly lowering the manufacturing cost. This cost savings can then be passed on to the end user or consumer. This also lowers the energy consumption and the negative environmental impact from the early and unneeded disposal of toxic electronic device waste. By providing access to the virtual computer from either the home thin client or the Pocket PC Phone, the user is provided with a unified virtual computing platform and can access it either from home or on the go. Furthermore, the ability to manufacture a personal computer in a multitude of form factors, materials, or shapes that can be tailored to the different tastes and likes of people and for the PC to operate and interact with the user in ways that can be customized for individual user's tastes and likes will contribute to a unique, novel, convenient, and improved user experience with personal computers as well as give them the ability to express their unique individual tastes in their purchase and use of one.
This invention is an electronic personal computing and videophone system that is composed of several components.
One of the components is a remote online server system that creates, hosts and manages a plurality of individual virtual computing environments. This system is comprised of several sub-groups of servers. One sub-group is the system management servers, which run software programs to manage and administrate the entire remote online server system. Another sub-group is the virtual computing environment servers, which creates and hosts the plurality of virtual computing environment instances. This remote online server system also includes other network appliances and programs typical to running an efficient and safe server and network system. Such appliances include a firewall, server maintenance and administration devices and programs, as well as routers and network hubs.
6. Input/Output to a DVD/CD Drive.
With the popularity of high-definition plasma and liquid crystal display (LCD) television sets, the said thin client device may not need to convert PC image output to TV image output if the user chooses to connect to these type of TVs since the plasma and LCD televisions support the presentation of regular unconverted PC image output—usually in the format of VGA or SVGA.
Yet another component is a wireless mobile device, which contains a similar software program to the one in the thin client device to access the same virtual computer accessed from the home based thin client. This eliminates the need for the purchase and installation of a duplicate set of similar programs onto the wireless mobile device and for programs to synchronize data from the wireless mobile device with the user's personal computer. The wireless mobile device has a flash memory drive, an electronic circuit board, an LCD screen, a keyboard, a mouse, speakers, a camera, and a software program that connects and communicates with the remote server system to send computing commands and audio/video data and receives computing services and audio/video data from a virtual computer hosted on the remote server system. This makes the wireless mobile device a 'Pocket PC Phone' in spirit and goal.
With this computing architecture, the thin client device and Pocket PC Phone can be provided with virtual personalized subscription-based computing resources, computer programs, internet-based television programming, web-based video, television programming video card technology (e.g. ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon Pro Video Card), multi-location/multi-point video conferencing programs, data storage, service usage tracking (by the minute or hour), service subscription membership account information view and update capabilities, and video, text & sound feed. Both devices connect and communicate with this remote online server system via a plurality of internet or a private network communication link options using a remote desktop or virtual computing communications protocol wherein the thin client device captures user input from the remote keyboard and mouse or from a plurality of attached peripheral devices such as a CD/DVD drive or a scanner or for the Pocket PC Phone to capture user input from the attached keyboard & mouse, an attached microphone, or an attached video camera, then electronically sends this input to the remote online server system for computing or processing, and receives video and/or audio input back showing the computing or processing status or end result. Furthermore, this subscription-based and server-based computing architecture eliminates the need for a lot of expensive, energy consuming, and environmentally harmful components to be included in the manufacture of a home personal computer as well as expensive maintenance and upgrades inherent to today's PCs. This lessens the total cost to the user, lessens energy consumption since thin client devices usually use less than 1/10 the power used by regular PC processors (compare the AMD Geode which uses less than 2 watts over the Intel Pentium 4 which uses up to 85 watts), and lessens the environmental impact from toxic electronic device waste, especially in the disposal of old monitors and CPUs since this invention uses a television set instead of a monitor and a thin client device that is ⅕ the size of a regular PC. And since the thin client device does not have a hard disk drive, cooling fans, and the need for a complex and large power supply, these devices last much longer than traditional PCs.
The first link from the thin client device or Pocket PC Phone to the remote online server system is established when the user executes a system login and virtual computing instance requester program running on the device, which then communicates via a secure connection and protocol such as Secure Shell, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), or Tunneling with a gateway in the remote online server system which in turn communicates with an authentication program residing in the system management servers. The information transmitted in this first link communication can include the transmission of a device ID, a Login, and password that is unique to the entire system for authentication and tracking purposes. The device ID may include information unique to the thin client device or Pocket PC Phone. The authentication program then authenticates the connection request using the ID, Login, and Password against a list of existing customers in the system. The authentication program then queries the system accounts database to retrieve the virtual machine definitions for that particular login. This is a key feature since users are allowed to create a plurality of virtual machine configuration definitions that the user had previously defined and allows them to switch and connect to an instance of these virtual machines one at a time. This list of VMs is then sent to the system login and requester program. The user can then choose from this list of virtual machine definitions and request to connect to it.
When the user chooses a specific virtual machine definition and requests to connect to it, the system login & requester program establishes a second secure link communication with the authentication program of the remote server system. A section of the authentication and tracking logic records the ID, Login, Password, and network address of the thin client or Pocket PC Phone and queries the system management program to check whether another first device is already connected and has a virtual computing session with the same login values, and if so denies the connection of the second device. This prevents users from establishing duplicate or multiple computing sessions by using both devices simultaneously. If the first device requested that the virtual computing instance to be held while the first device disconnects and the user switches devices and establishes a connection with a second device, then this is not a duplicate computing session and is therefore allowed by the system. Once this second secure link is established, a virtual computing instance creation program checks if a virtual computing instance personalized for each device is already running in one of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. If not, it dynamically creates a specific instance of that virtual computing instance. It accomplishes this by communicating with a virtual computing environment management program located in each of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. Once the virtual computing instance is created, the virtual computing instance creation program then sends the unique network address of the virtual machine to the thin client device or Pocket PC Phone. This unique network address is then received by one of the programs in either device and passed to a virtual computing instance communication & viewing program ("remote desktop client software"). The remote desktop client then communicates back to the authentication program to establish a connection to the virtual computing instance to utilize the computing, processing, and data storage services that it provides. The authentication program then verifies the network address of the thin client device or Pocket PC Phone that the remote desktop program is running on and the network address of the virtual machine that it is requesting to connect to. This provides a layer of security and ensures that only authenticated requests get connected to their appropriate virtual machines.
Since the remote online server system hosting the instance of the virtual computing environment may be located hundreds or thousands of miles away, and with the relatively large amount of data associated with sending visual images across the internet or private network, it is ideal for the embodiment of the communication link between the thin client device and the remote online server system to use broadband technology including DSL or Internet Cable service. Additionally, to provide fast and crisp image motion and refresh rates, the remote online server system will include high-performance video card or graphics processor technology.
To provide network redundancy and fault tolerance, the thin client device and the Pocket PC Phone will include functionality to choose from a plurality of internet and private network communication links to connect to the remote online server system and these plurality of communication links will be an integral part of this invention's communication network. This network and system design feature lessens the risk of communication failure over a design where only one communication link is provided. With this design, in the case that one link is down, the software program can then choose from the other available communication links to connect to the remote online server system.
To provide scalability, the remote online server system will be composed of several sub-groups of servers wherein each sub-group will include a plurality of physical server machines (a server farm or server cluster) being harnessed and managed as a group to balance the load of thin client and Pocket PC Phone requests. One of these sub-groups is the system management servers sub-group which balances the load of programs for system management, usage tracking, and dynamic creation of virtual computing instances, allowing a plurality of thin client devices to simultaneously request computing, processing, and data services. Another sub-group is the virtual computing environment servers sub-group which balances the load of hosting the plurality of virtual computing environment instances, allowing a plurality of thin client devices to simultaneously receive individual and personalized computing, processing, and data services. Yet another sub-group is the data storage servers sub-group. This sub-group is designated for a centralized persistent and permanent storage of computer data and files to allow reuse from virtual computing instances created at a future date and time.
The system management, usage tracking, virtual environment management, and virtual computing instance dynamic creation programs running in the system management servers sub-group apply logic to determine which physical server machine in the virtual computing environment servers sub-group has the appropriate and enough amount of computing, processing, or data storage resources required by each individual thin client or Pocket PC Phone request. This ensures that the computing, processing, or data storage requests from both devices do not exceed the computing, processing, or data storage resources of each physical server machine in the virtual computing environment servers sub-group.
The invention addresses and improves upon several characteristics of current home personal computing systems. Firstly, the invention eliminates the need for several components such as the video monitor, a complex motherboard, a powerful internal power supply, cooling fans, high performance peripheral video and sound cards, and local hard drives. By utilizing a television set as the device for video output it eliminates the need to purchase a separate video monitor. By connecting to and communicating with a remote online server system that creates and hosts an individual virtual desktop environment personalized for each thin client device connection, the thin client device can be provided with personalized virtual subscription-based computing resources, computer programs (such as email and web browsers), internet-based television programming, web-based video, television programming video card technology (e.g. ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon Pro Video Card), multi-location/multi-point video conferencing programs, and data storage. The thin client device sends user input that it captured from the remote keyboard or mouse, or from a peripheral attached to it such as a CD/DVD drive or scanner in order to command or request the server to do some computing or processing. The remote online server system then sends video and/or audio data to the thin client device showing the current status or end result of its computing or processing request. And since the thin client device does not have a hard disk drive, cooling fans, and the need for a complex and large power supply, these devices last much longer than traditional PCs.
When a person purchases a unit of the invention, they can choose from several pre-defined virtual computing machine configurations based on a specific computer operating system and specific sets of computer programs that are typically used for certain types of use. For example, a person who is an average user utilizing a personal computer for document editing, email, and internet browsing can choose a standard configuration which will consist of a document editor, an email program, and an internet browser. If the person is a graphics designer, then he or she can choose a configuration with graphics creation programs such as Adobe Photoshop or Macromedia Flash. If the person is a business finance professional that person can choose a configuration with a spreadsheet program and office productivity tools. If the person is looking to purchase a personal computer that is geared towards viewing television shows or videos that are available on web sites or to have access to television programming channels, he or she can choose a configuration that has a browser to view website based videos or television programming and a television programming video card such as the ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon Pro Video Card which, when installed on the remote server system and connected to a television cable service, can provide access to television programming channels that can be viewed on the user's desktop using a screen that can show multiple channels in one window. Users can also access a multi-location/multi-point video conferencing program that allows multiple people to see each other on the television and talk to each other simultaneously if they have a webcam and microphone connected to their thin client device. The invention also allows for the user to purchase and add additional computing programs or remove programs from his or her desktop environment through the user's membership account information graphical screen.
Since the remote server system is providing these subscription-based computing, processing, and data storage services, it will have a software program that will track usage, either by the minute or by the hour. This usage tracking data will record the time and date when the thin client or Pocket PC Phone device requests a connection and is granted a computing session and the time and date when it disconnects. This way, the usage data can be used to bill the user on a monthly and/or per charge basis, similar to that of cellular phone service. The usage tracking program, along with the system management program and the virtual computing environment management program will also have logic to allow the user to request the system to hold and store a particular virtual computing instance in memory for a specified amount of time so that the user can reconnect to that instance at a later time or switch devices and continue his or her session.
A website will be hosted by the remote server system to provide users access to view, edit or cancel their membership accounts by logging in using an internet browser. The remote server system will also provide the ability for users to directly access their computing and data storage service subscription membership account information from their personal computing desktop screen without having to login again. This will allow users to view and/or update their account and view their usage information just by clicking on an icon on their PC desktop. Additionally, since a plurality of thin client or Pocket PC Phone devices will be simultaneously requesting, accessing, and using the virtual computing, processing, and data storage resources of the remote online server system, the system will be composed of a plurality of physical server machines with software programs that allow the creation and hosting of a plurality of virtual computing environment instances in each physical server machine simultaneously. Furthermore, groups of physical server machines can be designated to provide specific computing, processing, and/or data storage services by configuring them to be streamlined for these specific tasks. These specific custom configurations may include those for image processing, financial data transaction processing, large database analytic processing, etc.
Secondly, by eliminating the need for the components mentioned above to be installed locally in the CPU, it frees up the design, form factor, and space limits imposed by the existence of these components. As such, the invention's form factor can be created in shapes that would not be possible with the limits imposed by the existence of these components. Form factors such as that of a miniature mailbox, a clamshell, or that of a scale model race car are possible. With this invention, the thin client device can be manufactured in a wide array of designs and shapes that cater to a wide array of people's tastes and likes. Also, the thin client device can be manufactured in a form factor that allows extensions to be added or connected to it, providing people to customize it to their own liking and improve the user experience with personal computers. These form factors include casings that have threaded fittings so that extensions can be screwed and attached to it or casings that have dovetail rails so that extensions can be slipped and attached to it.
Thirdly, since the device is located beside or in the vicinity of the television set, this allows the device to emit light, motion, or sound alerts to the user if and when messages arrive. These messages can include email, instant messages (IM), or system generated messages. By providing electronic ports and interfaces that light, motion, and sound devices can connect to and communicate with, the invention provides a way to further customize the user experience by providing the ability for these light, motion, and sound devices to alert the user of any incoming messages in a customized and unique fashion. This feature can also provide convenient and time saving benefits. An example of an embodiment of the invention that highlights this characteristic is one where the thin client device is in the shape of a small scale or miniature mailbox: one that is of the type and shape of one that stands out on a lawn, attached on top of a post, with a door on the front and a red flag on its side. This design has been emulated in images used for e-mail inboxes. It would be a smaller in scale to fit or be set on living room furniture and would have a base where the CD/DVD drive would be located (please see FIG. 2). In the event of an arrival of a message, the red flag would rise up and a prerecorded sound saying "You've got mail" would emanate from a speaker located in one of these peripheral devices. Also, the ability to operate a home PC while sitting in one's living room simply by switching from antenna or cable TV input mode to PC mode is another benefit provided by this invention. By being able to do so, the user can have immediate access to their home PC as opposed to having to go to another room where their home PC is normally located.
Another example of an embodiment of the invention is a light display similar to that of a running stock ticker tape display. In the event of an arrival of a message such as an email, the display would then show the sender's email address and the subject of the email. These light, sound, and motion alerts can notify the user of incoming messages and can especially be helpful if the user is using the television set in regular TV mode, e.g. watching a show on a TV channel. The ability to manufacture a personal computer in a multitude of form factors, materials, or shapes that can be tailored to the different tastes and likes of people and for the PC to operate and interact with the user in ways that can be customized for individual user's tastes and likes will contribute to a unique, convenient, and improved user experience with personal computers as well as give them the ability to express their unique individual tastes in their purchase and use of one.
In summary, by utilizing a remote online server system providing dynamic virtual computing services in a subscription-based and server-based computing architecture, the invention eliminates the need for expensive components in the manufacture of personal computers, thereby significantly lowering the manufacturing cost. This cost savings can then be passed on to the end user or consumer. This also lowers the energy consumption the thin client device and the Pocket PC Phone do not need powerful processors and the negative environmental impact from the early and unneeded disposal of a larger mass of toxic electronic device waste. By providing access to the virtual computer from either the home thin client or the Pocket PC Phone, the user is provided with a unified virtual computing platform and can access it either from home or on the go. Furthermore, the ability to manufacture and customize a personal computer in a multitude of form factors, materials, or shapes that can be tailored to the different tastes and likes of people and for the PC to operate and interact with the user in ways that can be customized for individual user's tastes and likes will contribute to a unique, novel, convenient, and improved user experience with personal computers as well as give them the ability to express their unique individual tastes in their purchase and use of one.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to one or more preferred embodiments, persons possessing ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains to will appreciate that various modifications and enhancements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the Claims that follow. The various alternatives that have been disclosed above are intended to educate the reader about preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to constrain the limits of the invention or the scope of the claims.
FIG. 1 is a high level diagram of the system including the setup, composition, linkages, and relationships of the thin client and wireless mobile devices as well as the setup, composition, linkages, and relationships of the remote online server system.
FIG. 2 is a high level diagram of the remote online server system including the setup, composition, linkages, interactions, and relationships the server sub-groups, software programs, virtual computing instances, and subscription membership account screens.
FIG. 3A is an embodiment of the local hardware device (the thin client) in the shape of a mailbox. FIG. 3B shows the base underneath the grass slides out to provide access to the CD/DVD drive. The electronic input/output ports including power, network and television connections are located at the rear.
FIG. 4A is an embodiment of the local hardware device (the thin client) in the shape of a 'Magic 8 Ball'. FIG. 4B shows the white circle portion (with the number 8 inside) opens up to provide access to the CD/DVD drive. The electronic input/output ports including power, network and television connections are located at the rear.
FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show a high level diagram of the login and authentication communication sequence between the thin client device or Pocket PC Phone and the remote online server system.
1. An electronic personal computing system including a remote online server system that creates and hosts a plurality of individual virtual desktop environments for each thin client device request, which provides remote thin client devices with personalized virtual subscription-based computing resources, computer programs such as email and web browsers, internet-based television programming, web-based video, television programming video card technology (e.g. ATI All-In-Wonder Radeon Pro Video Card), multi-location/multi-point video conferencing programs, and high-quality video & sound output.
d) electronic ports for input and output of light, audio, video, radio frequency, and motion signals.
e) built in light, motion and/or sound devices to emit custom and personalized light, motion and sound signals.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the device will be composed of several sub-groups of servers wherein each sub-group includes a plurality of physical server machines (a server farm) being harnessed and managed as a group to dynamically create and host a plurality of virtual computing environment instances in each physical server machine simultaneously, allowing a plurality of thin client devices to simultaneously request and receive computing, processing, and data services from each physical server machine.
5. A method of the device of claim 1 wherein a system management software program running on a central server specifically designated to manage the creation of virtual instances can apply logic to determine which physical server machine has the appropriate and enough computing, processing, or data storage resources required by each individual thin client request to ensure that the computing, processing, or data storage requests from the thin clients do not exceed the computing, processing, or data storage resources of each physical server machine.
6. A method of the device of claim 1 wherein a virtual computing instance dynamic creation program creates an instance of a virtual computing process dedicated and personalized for the device of claim 2 or 3 in one of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. It accomplishes this by communicating with a virtual computing environment management program located in each of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group wherein a plurality of virtualization products are installed & running in one network. This allows multiple different virtualization products to by utilized by the virtual computing environment server sub-group.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein a software program sends video and/or audio data to the thin client device of claim 2 or 3 showing the current status or end result of its computing or processing request.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein a software program that will have logic to allow the user to request the system to hold and store a particular virtual computing instance in memory for a specified amount of time so that the user can be reconnect to that instance at a later time or switch devices and continue his or her session.
e) provides output for CD/DVD drives, printers, and scanners.
e) provide electronic input & output for CD/DVD drives, printers, and scanners.
11. The device of claim 2 wherein the device may include a software program that converts the video output transmitted from the instance of the virtual computing environment into output compatible with the television (Component Video, S-Video, Composite Video, etc.) when the television does not allow input of computer video output (VGA or SVGA).
12. A method of the device of claim 2 wherein a software program will include functionality to choose from a plurality of internet and private network communication links including DSL, Cable, or other high speed broadband networks to connect to the device of claim 1 and these plurality of communication links will be an integral part of this invention's communication network. This network and system design feature lessens the risk of communication failure over a design where only one communication link is provided. With this design, in the case that one link is down, the software program can then choose from the other available communication links to connect to the device of claim 1.
13. A method of the device of claim 3 wherein a software program will include functionality to choose from a plurality of internet and private network communication links including DSL, Cable, or other high speed broadband networks to connect to the device of claim 1 and these plurality of communication links will be an integral part of this invention's communication network. This network and system design feature lessens the risk of communication failure over a design where only one communication link is provided. With this design, in the case that one link is down, the software program can then choose from the other available communication links to connect to the device of claim 1.
14. A method of the device of claim 2 wherein a system login and virtual computing instance requester program in the device establishes a first link communication with the device of claim 1 via a secure connection and protocol such as Secure Shell, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), or Point to Point Tunneling Protocol via the internet or a private network with a gateway in the remote online server system which in turn communicates with an authentication program residing in the system management servers of the device of claim 1. The information transmitted in this first link communication can include the transmission of a device ID, a Login, and password that is unique to the entire system for authentication and tracking purposes. The device ID may include information unique to the device of claim 2. The authentication program then authenticates the connection request using the ID, Login, and Password against a list of existing customers in the system. The authentication program then queries the system accounts database to retrieve the virtual machine definitions for that particular login. This is a key feature since users are allowed to create a plurality of virtual machine configuration definitions that the user had previously defined and allows them to switch and connect to an instance of these virtual machines one at a time. This list of VMs is then sent to the system login and requester program running on either device of claim 2. The user can then choose from this list of virtual machine definitions and request to connect to it. When the user chooses a specific virtual machine definition and requests to connect to it, the system login & requester program establishes a second secure link communication with the authentication program of the device of claim 1. A section of the authentication and tracking logic records the ID, Login, Password, and network address of the device of claim 2 and queries the system management program to check whether another first device of either claim 2 is already connected and has a virtual computing session with the same login values, and if so denies the connection of the second device. This prevents users from establishing duplicate or multiple computing sessions by using both devices simultaneously. If the first device requested that the virtual computing instance to be held while the first device disconnects and the user switches devices and establishes a connection with a second device, then this is not a duplicate computing session and is therefore allowed by the system. Once this second secure link is established, a virtual computing instance creation program checks if a virtual computing instance personalized for each device is already running in one of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. If not, it dynamically creates a specific instance of that virtual computing instance. It accomplishes this by communicating with a virtual computing environment management program located in each of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. Once the virtual computing instance is created, the virtual computing instance creation program then sends the unique network address of the virtual machine to the device of claim 2. This unique network address is then received by the system login & requester program and passed to a virtual computing instance communication & viewing program ("remote desktop client software"). The remote desktop client software then communicates back to the authentication program to establish a connection to the virtual computing instance to utilize the computing, processing, and data storage services that it provides. The authentication program then verifies the network address of the device of claim 2 that the remote desktop program is running on and the network address of the virtual machine that it is requesting to connect to. This provides a layer of security and ensures that only authenticated requests get connected to their appropriate virtual machines.
15. A method of the device of claim 3 wherein a system login and virtual computing instance requester program in the device establishes a first link communication with the device of claim 1 via a secure connection and protocol such as Secure Shell, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), or Point to Point Tunneling Protocol via the internet or a private network with a gateway in the remote online server system which in turn communicates with an authentication program residing in the system management servers of the device of claim 1. The information transmitted in this first link communication can include the transmission of a device ID, a Login, and password that is unique to the entire system for authentication and tracking purposes. The device ID may include information unique to the device of claim 3. The authentication program then authenticates the connection request using the ID, Login, and Password against a list of existing customers in the system. The authentication program then queries the system accounts database to retrieve the virtual machine definitions for that particular login. This is a key feature since users are allowed to create a plurality of virtual machine configuration definitions that the user had previously defined and allows them to switch and connect to an instance of these virtual machines one at a time. This list of VMs is then sent to the system login and requester program running on either device of claim 3. The user can then choose from this list of virtual machine definitions and request to connect to it. When the user chooses a specific virtual machine definition and requests to connect to it, the system login & requester program establishes a second secure link communication with the authentication program of the device of claim 1. A section of the authentication and tracking logic records the ID, Login, Password, and network address of the device of claim 3 and queries the system management program to check whether another first device of either claim 3 is already connected and has a virtual computing session with the same login values, and if so denies the connection of the second device. This prevents users from establishing duplicate or multiple computing sessions by using both devices simultaneously. If the first device requested that the virtual computing instance to be held while the first device disconnects and the user switches devices and establishes a connection with a second device, then this is not a duplicate computing session and is therefore allowed by the system. Once this second secure link is established, a virtual computing instance creation program checks if a virtual computing instance personalized for each device is already running in one of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. If not, it dynamically creates a specific instance of that virtual computing instance. It accomplishes this by communicating with a virtual computing environment management program located in each of the servers in the virtual computing environment server sub-group. Once the virtual computing instance is created, the virtual computing instance creation program then sends the unique network address of the virtual machine to the device of claim 3. This unique network address is then received by the system login & requester program and passed to a virtual computing instance communication & viewing program ("remote desktop client software"). The remote desktop client software then communicates back to the authentication program to establish a connection to the virtual computing instance to utilize the computing, processing, and data storage services that it provides. The authentication program then verifies the network address of the device of claim 3 that the remote desktop program is running on and the network address of the virtual machine that it is requesting to connect to. This provides a layer of security and ensures that only authenticated requests get connected to their appropriate virtual machines.
16. The device of claim 3 wherein the device accesses the same virtual computer accessed from the home based thin client, eliminating the need for the purchase and installation of a duplicate set of similar programs onto the device and for programs to synchronize data from the device of claim 3 with the device of claim 2.
17. The device of claim 1 wherein the device will include high-performance video card technology to provide fast and crisp image motion and refresh rates to the device of claim 2 or 3.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein pre-defined desktop environment templates that provide specific sets of subscription-based computer programs are offered for subscription and remote use.
a) track usage by the device of claim 2 or 3, by recording the time and day of connection and disconnection.
b) create and present or transmit an invoice showing usage fees based on either minute or hourly usage by the device of claim 2 or 3, as well as other service and/or membership fees.
c) provide a graphical interface or screen is provided that allows the user to access their computing and data storage service subscription membership account information directly from their personal computer desktop screen without having to login again.
20. The device of claim 1 wherein the device allows the installation of computer programs into user's remote personal desktop environment utilizing local CD/DVD drive connected to device of claim 2 and have those programs saved as integral part of user's remote personal desktop environment settings and be able to be invoked, executed and used at a later date.
NL2003085C (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-28 Indextra Projectsupport B V A system for the provision of a computer system to at least one remote user and a method for this purpose.


State Farm Bureau presidents from across the Midwest have joined together to urge U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue to work with President Trump to end the escalation of trade disputes with China that have and continue to threaten market opportunities for agricultural commodities and products.
In a recent letter to Sec. Perdue, presidents of 10 state Farm Bureaus, including Ohio, responded to President Trump's call for the secretary to develop a plan to provide monetary compensation to farmers and ranchers who may be hurt by retaliatory measures China may take in response to proposed U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods.
In the letter, the Farm Bureau presidents made it clear that farmers and ranchers want access to markets, not checks from the federal government in lieu of trade opportunities. The letter noted that farmers and ranchers have invested heavily in checkoff programs, trade missions and other activities to grow international markets, including significant resource allocation in China.
A recent report authored by Ben Brown, program manager for the Farm Management Program, and Dr. Ian Sheldon of Ohio State University's College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, says that such tariffs would result in higher machinery costs, lower corn, soybean and pork prices for U.S. agricultural producers and a decrease in the net worth of Ohio farm families. A representative Ohio farm was used as a benchmark in the study cited in the report. It is estimated that the proposed tariffs could decrease the farm's net worth by 6 percent and annual net income by 59 percent.
China is not the only concern when it comes to international trade. Tensions have been on the rise with Mexico and Canada as NAFTA renegotiations continue, and also the European Union as the White House continues to apply pressure for new deals. Retaliatory tariffs from Mexico, Canada and Europe against a list of U.S. goods, including several agricultural commodities, were scheduled to go into effect from late June to early July.
President Trump has announced the U.S. would begin the process to impose tariffs on Chinese exports due to concerns over Chinese practices that impact U.S. intellectual property. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative released a list of $50 billion of Chinese electronics, machinery, and aerospace products for a recommended 25 percent import tariff. In response to the U.S. recommendation of tariffs, China released a list of products for a potential 25 percent retaliatory tariff. The targeted products include soybeans, cotton, beef, corn, wheat, sorghum, tobacco, orange juice, and cranberries, among other items. China's potential tariffs will not go into effect until the U.S. proposed tariffs go into effect.


Over the past two hundred years mankind has managed to do more damage to the environment through exorbitant use of fossil fuels. P We have caused acid rain which affects our fauna, trees, and water systems, and we have depleted the ozone layer. P Some cities have such as dangerous level of pollution in the atmosphere that on certain days people wear masks (usually people who have respiratory illnesses). P Incidents of respiratory related illnesses as well as non-smoking related lung cancer have increased with a strong correlation to the polluted atmosphere. The second concern is the need to find replacement fuels because the people on earth are rapidly using up resources that can not be replaced. P Trees are being harvested at a rapid rate leaving topic soil uncovered and causing run off.
P The fuels like coal and oil are going to run out for future generations if something is not done. P The fuels were made by species that no longer exit after millions of years of time to decay and transfer. P Time is no longer on mankind's side. ThePlast primary concern is the condition of the ozone layer. P The earth has always had a protective layer in the atmosphere which protected the plant from too much heat entering or exiting our planet. P The carbon emissions have caused aPhole that is still increasing in the ozone area. P This has caused increased warming of our planet. The damage to our water system has been a result of pollution and the hole in the ozone layer.
P The hole in the ozone has caused ice burgs to melt. P The ice burgs are a source of fresh water supply. PBecause of the damage of ice in the Polar Regions, species are losing their environment and dying off. Fossil fuel use hasPalso led to damage for species on the planet. P For example; the oil spills that have happened have caused the death of many different species, polluted the water system, and destroyed habitats. P Air pollution also affects animals. It is vital for mankind to find cleaner fuel resources to replace fossil fuels because of the reasons that I listed. P Alternative energy possibilities include but are not limited to hydro energy produced by water movement, wind energy harnessed from moving air, thermal energy found in underground heated systems, and plant related fuels.
Gable, Christine & Scott. "Top Reasons to Make the Switch to Alternative Fuels. " ThoughtCo, Mar. 3, 2016, thoughtco. com/reasons-to-switch-to-alternative-fuels-85172.
Gable, Christine & Scott. (2016, March 3). Top Reasons to Make the Switch to Alternative Fuels. Retrieved from https://www. thoughtco. com/reasons-to-switch-to-alternative-fuels-85172 Gable, Christine & Scott. "Top Reasons to Make the Switch to Alternative Fuels. " ThoughtCo. https://www. thoughtco. com/reasons-to-switch-to-alternative-fuels-85172 (accessed March 18, 2018).


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Q: Create file with date and information I want to create a file in a shell script. The file's name should be:
MyFile_datetoday.dat

Where datetoday is today's date in YYYYMMDD format. The contents of the file should be:
nameofmyfile;sysdate;numberofrecordosofanotherfile.dat

That is, one line with the name of the file, the system date and the number of records from another file.
anotherfile.dat:
105;One;fzstre;40502
108;One;jzsdre;6603
22;NoOne;kxstw;8892

So, the contents of the generated file would be:
MyFile_20160527.dat;2016/05/27 00:00;3

How can I do that?

A: I think you are looking for this:
fname=MyFile_"$(date +%Y%d%M)".dat
echo "$fname;$(date +%D);$(wc -l < anotherfile.dat )" > "$fname"


Like many of you, I tuned in to watch the cringe worthy Donald Sterling interview with Anderson Cooper on Monday night's episode of "AC360" on CNN. The Los Angeles Clippers owner attempted to change the minds of those who have declared him a racist after hearing snippets of a recorded conversation between him and his "girlfriend" V. Stiviano. During the conversation, Sterling expressed his disapproval of Stiviano taking pictures with minorities, particularly Magic Johnson, and of African Americans attending Clippers games.
He then went on to question what NBA Hall of Famer, entrepreneur and philanthropist, Magic Johnson, has done for the African American community, ignorantly stating that Johnson is not a suitable role model because he has AIDS. (Magic Johnson does not have full-blown AIDS but is HIV positive.) "What has he done? Can you tell me? Big Magic Johnson, what has he done? He's got AIDS. Did he do any business, did he help anybody in South LA?" Sterling asked during the interview.
Well, Mr. Sterling, since you asked – what exactly has Earvin "Magic" Johnson done for the community? What has he done, period? As it turns out — and as most of us know — Magic Johnson has done quite a lot, and has been doing so for some time.
1. Magic Johnson has raised millions of dollars for charity.
After announcing he was HIV positive in 1991, Magic Johnson formed what is now called "one of the most recognizable philanthropic organizations in the world", the Magic Johnson Foundation (MJF). MJF "works to develop programs and support community-based organizations that address the educational, health and social needs of ethnically diverse, urban communities" and particularly aims to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS through education. Johnson serves as chairman and CEO of the foundation and according to CNN.com, has raised over $20 million and given out almost $4 million in scholarships since it beginning in the early 1990s.
2. Magic Johnson has brought business opportunities to minority communities.
Magic Johnson founded MJ Enterprises in 1987 and focused on improving minority communities by bringing quality businesses to diverse urban areas. This includes the expansion of movie theaters, restaurants, sports teams, a television network (Aspire) and even fitness centers that aim to "answer the demands of minority areas." Not only does MJ Enterprises work to celebrate the African-American experience, but by fostering new businesses, Johnson has created many job opportunities for minorities and has created a breeding ground for the next generation of African-American business executives, presidents and CEOs. He could've just sat on his millions after his impressive sports career, but Magic used his clout and resources for a second act as a businessman and philanthropist earning him nods like a spot on Black Enterprise's 50 Most Powerful Blacks in Sports in 2005.
3. Magic Johnson has helped change the way the public views AIDS/HIV.
When Magic Johnson announced he was retiring from the Lakers due to testing HIV positive in 1991, America knew close to nothing about the disease. Magic Johnson has helped to change not only America's attitude toward the disease but has helped to educate those who knew nothing about it. Magic's public battle with HIV has encouraged many people to go out and get tested and to protect themselves.
4. Magic Johnson has provided support to members of the gay community.
Johnson also believes that through his public support of his son E.J., he can help save lives and encourage youth to feel confident enough to come out as well.
Before his philanthropic work and business ventures, Magic Johnson was an exceptional athlete. He led Michigan State University to a national title in 1979 before joining the Lakers — becoming the tallest point guard in NBA history — and going on to win the NBA Championship during his first year in the league. In his 13 years with the team, Magic earned five NBA championships, three MVP awards and was a 12-time All-Star. He also joined the "Dream Team" in the 1992 Olympic games in Barcelona and earned the US a gold medal in the first year professional athletes could take part in the Olympic games. But more than just his killer statistics, Magic is often cited for changing the way the game was played. The "big player with the big heart" was the ultimate sportsman and team player with unselfish passes and assists to make others look good.
There's no denying that Magic Johnson has helped minority communities tremendously during his career. Whether he spread HIV/AIDS awareness, brought businesses opportunities to minority communities or led his teams to victory during his basketball years, Magic Johnson definitely has done a lot for his community.


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Q: Elements as a pair in a group extension Assume $G$ is a group extension of $Z$ by $H$ (i.e $Z$ is a normal subgroup of $G$). I have trouble proving that the elements of $G$ can be uniquely represented as $(z,h)$, $z \in Z$, $h \in H$.
What I used so far is a preimage $x$ of each $h \in H$, to form a coset $xZ$. Since the cosets of $G$ form a partition of $G$, this should give me the result. However I'm unsure I'm getting all the cosets by this construction.

A: The representation is not canonical if $G$ is not a split extension.
To get a representation, let $\pi\colon G\to H$ be the canonical projection, and for each $h\in H$ select a $g_h\in \pi^{-1}(h)$.
We then associate to every $g\in G$ the element $(gg_{\pi(g)}^{-1},\pi(g))$.
Note. This is not the only way to associate elements of $G$ with pairs $Z\times H$. But in order to establish any sort of uniqueness, you need to fix an association. In fact, there are other ways of making the association (e.g., we could associate $g$ to $(g_{\pi(g)}g^{-1},\pi(g))$), so the fact that $Z$ is the kernel and induces a partition is not enough to guarantee "uniqueness". You really need to take into account how you are making pairs and elements correspond to one another.
Note that $gg_{\pi(g)}^{-1}\in Z$, since $\pi(g_{\pi(g)}) = \pi(g)$. Thus, this is an element of $Z$.
Let $(z,h)\in Z(H)$. I claim that there is one and only one element of $G$ that is associated to $(z,h)$ under the map above. First, note that $zg_{h}$ maps to the desired pair: for $\pi(zg_h) = \pi(g_h) = h$, so $(zg_h)g_{\pi(zg_h)}^{-1} = zg_hg_{h}^{-1} = z$. So we do indeed get $(z,h)$.
Now, suppose that $g$ is mapped to $(z,h)$. Then $\pi(g) = h$, and $z=gg_{\pi(g)}^{-1} = gg_{h}^{-1}$. Therefore, $g = zg_h$, as desired.
If $G$ is a split extension and $H$ is identified with a specific subgroup of $G$ (that is, if we have $G$ expressed as a semidirect product $Z\rtimes H$, then we may let $g_h = h$ for each $h\in H$ and we obtain a "natural" representation. But in general, different choices of preimages yield different representations.