Yes Support Our Schools (YSOS) is a political action committee formed by concerned citizens who support the needs of our schools in the Tempe Union High School District. We support the passage of the November 3 ballot measure asking voters to provide $6,500,000/year for seven years in District Additional Assistance (DAA) funding, formerly known as capital funding, for the District and its seven high schools. This year's election will be a mail-in-only election.
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Tempe Union property values are strong because of our excellent school systems. Having all six comprehensive high schools A-rated by The Arizona Department of Education results in higher property values. Realtors consistently advertise Tempe Union successes to homebuyers looking to settle in the East Valley. They know that homes in excellent school districts sell for more and sell faster than those in less desirable districts. National studies and city experts confirm that school spending raises property values and attracts new business to the community.
Our communities are improved with better schools. Higher graduation rates are correlated to lower levels of crime. High school dropouts are more than twice as likely to be unemployed, three times as likely to receive welfare, and cost our communities and taxpayer dollars. High school graduates have improved health, lower mortality rates, and far lower rates of alcohol abuse. College and career-ready graduates are more likely to become the employees, employers, voters, and taxpayers in our neighborhoods. Median wages are higher in areas with a well-educated workforce, and employers can attract better employees where excellent public education is available.
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Copyright Yes Support Our Schools.
Yes Support Our Schools is a political action committee formed by concerned citizens who support the needs of our schools in the Tempe Union High School District. We support the passage of the current M&O override.
The TUHSD district M&O Override is a November 7 ballot measure asking voters to continue the existing 10% funding amount and add an additional 5% that will be used for teachers salaries. For additional information see the TUHSD Fact Sheet here.


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Environment | Politics | Interstate 69 | Social Activism | Activism
INTERVIEW: Activists Hugh Farrell and Mary Sackley
by Linda Greene
Photograph by Steven Higgs
The "green scare" is in full swing, with COINTELPRO-style targeting of environmental and animal rights activists. The green scare, according to the Center for Constitutional Rights, is "the repression of environmental activists by designating them as terrorists."
The challenge for activists is to peacefully protest and avoid criminalization of their dissent. Nowhere is that situation more evident than in the case of two I-69 protestors, Hugh Farrell and Gina "Tiga" Wertz. After a nonviolent protest Wertz was charged with intimidation, a class A misdemeanor, two counts; conversion (unauthorized use of someone else's property), a class A misdemeanor, two counts; and corrupt business influence (racketeering), a class C felony. Her bond was set at $10,000.
Farrell was charged with two counts of intimidation, two counts of conversion and corrupt business influence plus felony racketeering; his bond was set at $20,000.
"Now that we're done with the case, we're trying to figure out the repression that was used against us."
All four misdemeanors are related to an alleged nonviolent action on July 9, 2007, in which activists removed the furniture from offices of two private, for-profit companies that had contracts with the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to work on I-69. They posted eviction notices on the doors to protest the eviction of property owners and confiscation of land and homes in the highway's path.
In early March 2010 the judge dismissed the felony racketeering charge. That left the four misdemeanors, which carried a maximum prison sentence of four years. In the end, the defendants' attorneys worked out a plea bargain consisting of unsupervised probation for two years.
Mary Sackley is another local activist; she is one of 16 citizens who protested an asphalt company's participation in construction of the new-terrain highway with two lockdowns in 2008 at the asphalt company's headquarters.
Here Farrell and Sackley talk about what their lives are like today, two years after the protests.
LG: Hugh, how has your life changed since your case ended?
HF: I'm still under judicial control, which means that for another year and a half I'll have probation restrictions, which means I can't be arrested and am subject to additional surveillance.
"I was specifically targeted because I was providing communication in between the protestors and the police."
LG: What happens if you're arrested?
HF: I have a two-year sentence, so if I get arrested, that immediately becomes unsuspended, and I'd do two years [of prison time] automatically.
Now that we're done with the case, we're trying to figure out the repression that was used against us. It was hardly against just Tiga [Wertz] and me; it was also against a number of other people in the movement against [the] I-69 [highway], and that's part of the national momentum targeting ecoactivists. A lot of people in Bloomington are trying now to get organized to support other people who have been in prison and facing repression and try to fight back. One specific situation is the civil suit, in which 16 people are facing legal harassment and what's called a SLAPP suit [Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation] by Gohmann Asphalt for impinging on I-69 profits.
MS: I can give a brief update on the civil suit. Basically it's kind of a long waiting game where Gohmann Asphalt can wait us out until our energy wears out. They have endless money. Gohmann recently won a $7 million contract for the construction of I-69 through Pike County and through the Patoka National Wildlife Refuge, so they continue to be raking in the dollars. And still suing us for what could end up being over $100,000. The most recent update is that in December I filed an anti-SLAPP motion, which is a motion within the lawsuit to basically prove that this lawsuit is a SLAPP suit under Indiana statutes. And we're very fortunate that Indiana has those statutes because a lot of states don't have these statutes, so it would be a lot harder to defend ourselves.
LG: Mary, what was your role in all this?
MS: I was present at both lockdowns at Gohmann Asphalt. I was arrested at the second lockdown. I was the police liaison at both protests. I was specifically targeted because I was providing communication in between the protestors and the police. I was actually talking to the police and the prosecutor of Gibson County, and I was seeking to say, "Okay, what do you want us to do? Here's what people are willing to do," and letting the police know about various medical conditions. They used pressure points and compliance holds.
LG: What's happening right now, besides what you said?
"The assumption now is that the government should have the prerogative to insert infiltrators and every sort of watching eye in any group of people involved in social struggles."
HF: On a related note, a long-term organizer and well-known community environmental activist here, Marie Mason, was arrested in 2008. We have to understand that her arrest was not only a response to her long history of resistance to environmental destruction across the Midwest, but an attack on the movement against I-69, which she participated in for 10 years, at a time when the state was gearing up to begin construction on the highway. She was arrested at the school where she worked in 2008. Many people in Bloomington are getting better organized to try to support her through her 22-year prison sentence.
LG: She's in solitary confinement, isn't she?
HF: She's in a "secure housing unit," which is an extremely repressive prison regime specifically meant to isolate and target political prisoners and prisoners who have been active in resistance of all kinds. It's also racist, frequently used to lock Muslim prisoners regardless of their charges. We're trying to get together support for her and make sure people know about her role in 20 years of environmental organizing and labor struggles and other projects.
LG: What does support consist of?
HF: Marie's birthday is coming up soon on Jan. 26, and making sure that on her birthday and every other day she gets letters of support because she has very little contact with the outside world otherwise and making sure she's supported and that she's able to stay in touch with people and not only with people who are her good friends. What she wants is wider contact with other people who care about the world, not just her good friends. Making sure she's not isolated and trying to refuse the State's effort to isolate prisoners and better control them that way and scare the rest of us.
I think public displays and shows of support for her are really important. Showing support for Marie is also a way of taking a public position on environmental destruction and against the kind of interests that railroaded her and made sure that she'd receive five times the normal sentence that an arsonist would get. Linking together support for her as well as opposition to ongoing environmental degradation and also against repression by the prison system against political prisoners and all communities that are targeted by the prison system.
LG: What have you done that's public to support her?
"What they want is to spread paranoia and fear and prevent communication between people."
MS: There was recently a speaking event at Boxcar Books. That was pretty well attended. Some folks from Cincinnati and her support crew there came to speak.
HF: I feel really good about that. I felt that what we need to start doing is having a dialogue, an open conversation, and a place like Bloomington, even though it's a small town, can often feel very isolating to people; there's been a lot of fear because of what happened to her.
LG: Have you had any problems with FBI informants?
HF: The assumption now is that the government should have the prerogative to insert infiltrators and every sort of watching eye in any group of people involved in social struggles, and it's incredible what kind of extensive network they've built for surveillance (not just human infiltrators, either; Facebook has been cited extensively in several recent cases), but at the same time it's important not to be intimidated by that.
What they want is to spread paranoia and fear and prevent communication between people. They have such an extensive operation of surveillance of infiltration of repression, so the challenge is to avoid responding the way they us to, which would be shutting down.
LG: Do you assume that nobody is an informant, or are you just really careful?
"I look forward to people in Bloomington continuing to keep their eyes open to the repression in this state, both that which is faced by people resisting I-69 and others."
HF: I think the opposite. My goal always is to try to relate to people and try to develop relationships of affinity and friendship and mutual understanding. The exciting thing about encountering people you don't know is that they are different from you, that they're coming from a different place and thus it's impossible to "be really careful" with them.
If we work to develop the most intense connections possible, connections where we can begin to strategize and talk about the worlds we want to live in, and how to concretely reach them -- It's very difficult to fake that. Those are the kinds of connections that are important for resisting both infiltration but also paranoia and isolation.
LG: What are you doing now? Are you doing any activism besides Marie's support network?
HF: Reading a lot, working on a community garden project, which, hopefully, will be part of a wider network of community gardens.
LG: Mary, do you have anything to add at this point?
MS: I look forward to people in Bloomington continuing to keep their eyes open to the repression in this state, both that which is faced by people resisting I-69 and others. To continue to think about the repression in the state of Indiana and to continue to think about how that what we face as political activists isn't unique, and it's very much as the system operates.
Linda Greene can be reached at lgreene@bloomington.in.us.
Marie Mason can be reached at: Marie Mason #04672-061,, FMC Carswell, Federal Medical Center, P.O. Box 27137, Fort Worth, TX 76127.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Keywords: Coping, medical undergraduates, quality of life, resilience
Somaiya M, Kolpakwar S, Faye A, Kamath R. Study of mechanisms of coping, resilience and quality of life in medical undergraduates. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 2015;31:19-28
Somaiya M, Kolpakwar S, Faye A, Kamath R. Study of mechanisms of coping, resilience and quality of life in medical undergraduates. Indian J Soc Psychiatry [serial online] 2015 [cited 2019 Jul 16];31:19-28. Available from: http://www.indjsp.org/text.asp?2015/31/1/19/161995
An individual accepted into a medical college and enrolled in an educational program in medicine, with the goal of becoming a doctor, is referred to as a medical student. They are considered to be at the earliest stage of the medical career pathway.
The phase of an undergraduation may expose the student to many challenges. Stress, the disease of the newer generation affects medical students also. Many factors are responsible for the development of stress in medical students such as moving away from home for the first time, which can necessitate leaving all previously learned support systems such as parents, siblings and high school friends, developing entirely new social contacts, taking responsibilities for their own needs, increased expectations, a higher academic competition, unable in managing time, and particularly important is the clinical component. Studies indicate that nursing students are more prone to stress than other students. [1]
Failure to resolve student's stress in the long-term could have serious professional and personal consequences. [2] However, there is huge variation in an individual's responses to the environmental stresses and adversities. [3] Mechanisms of coping, resilience in relation to these adversities are important to judge individual's variation in response and to know how much is one prone to these disorders that also affect the quality of life (QoL).
Assessing coping skills are important to know strength within, which can influence intervention strategies and goals in life. Resilience has profound implications for people's concept of themselves, especially after a severe stressor event. It helps to know about stress adaption and has important implication for public policy, e.g., how to best treat depressive students who failed in exams.
Quality of life helps to know how one is connected to one's own environment and whether one achieves one's personal goals, hopes, and aspirations that is, it helps to know the feeling of "being", "belonging", and "becoming.
Due to alarming increase in student's depression [4],[5] and suicidal tendencies, [6],[7] identification of protective personality characteristics have become essential to determine the students at risk and to develop and evaluate intervention programs. A study reported that despite changes in terms of medical advancements and sophisticated systems of teaching such as the use of case and problem-based learning systems, becoming a doctor is still a complex and intense process. [8] The mental status of a medical student depends on various factors. Identification of these factors has been a topic of research for many enthusiastic researchers and is the objective of this study also.
Mechanisms of coping
Folkman and Lazarus have defined coping as a person's constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage an encounter appraised as stressful. The coping mechanism is also described as any effort directed to stress management, including task-oriented and ego defense mechanisms, the factors that enable an individual to regain emotional equilibrium after a stressful experience. It may be an unconscious process. [9] The process of coping is a very complex response that occurs when an individual attempts to remove stress or a perceived threat from the environment. [10] Thus, coping can be viewed as a stabilizing factor that may assist individuals in maintaining psychosocial adaptation during stressful events; quite a few scales are also available to measure coping. [11],[12]
Psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed as coping strategies or coping skills. Coping strategies are generally clustered into two broad categories: Problem-focused and emotion-focused ways of coping. Problem-focused coping is the way of working actively to alleviate the stressful person-environment relationship by changing circumstances. Emotion-focused coping, in contrast, involves efforts to regulate the internal emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events rather than change the events themselves. This strategy involves thoughts and/or actions that relieve or lessen the emotional impact of stress. [13] The expressive action and problem-solving are the problem-focused mechanisms of coping while escape avoidance, fatalism, and passivity are emotion-focused mechanisms of coping. Coping strategy cannot be defined as purely problem-focused or emotion-focused. In reality, any coping thought or act can serve as both. However, in general, when stressful conditions are viewed by a person as refractory to change, emotion-focused coping predominates; when they are appraised as controllable by action, problem-focused coping predominates. [14] Coping is highly contextual, since, to be effective, it must change over time across different stressful conditions. Therefore, a shift can be seen between main coping strategies of a person over the course of time. [15]
A large body of research has accumulated in the past three decades [16] demonstrating that coping is a crucial determinant of psychological well-being with its outcome depending largely on the types of strategies employed. [17],[18]
Studies have proved that higher levels of coping skill is associated with higher levels of positive adjustment [19] and lower levels of symptoms of burnout. [20] Coping flexibility has also been found to be associated with decreases in anxiety symptom severity and increases in QoL when followed up for a 2 months interval. [21] Coping flexibility is also associated with a decreased likelihood of experiencing increases in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of stressful life events. [22] On the other hand, lower levels of coping flexibility have been found to predict increases in depressive symptoms over time. [13] Studies from developing countries like Pakistan, [23] India, [24] Thailand [25] and Malaysia [26] have reported stress among medical students and have underscored the role of academics as a source of stress. However, the data on mechanisms of coping in medical students of these countries are lacking.
Resilience is the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and adversity. This coping may result in the individual's "bouncing back" to a previous state of normalcy or using this exposure to the adversity to produce a "steeling effect" and function better than expected. [8] Resilience also includes other factors such as the capacity to make realistic plans, having self-confidence and a positive self-image, developing communication skills and the capacity to manage strong feelings and impulses. [27] Resilience may refer to either the state of well-being achieved by an at-risk individual (as in "he or she is resilient") or to the characteristics and mechanisms by which that well-being is achieved (as in "he or she shows resilience to a particular risk").
Studies outside of the medical school context have identified additional resilience factors (e.g., religious faith, social support, and optimism) that may mitigate the effects of stressful events on well-being. [28]
Although researchers may disagree on a single definition and the network of constructs surrounding resilience, most researchers agree that resilient individuals share similar mental health and social outcome. [29],[30] These outcomes include higher intelligence, lower novelty seeking, lower affiliation with delinquent peers and an absence of externalizing behaviors, substance abuse, and juvenile delinquency. [31] Resilient individuals have also been described as possessing an internal locus of control, [32] meaningfulness, [33] ego strength, [34] self-efficacy, [33] confidence, [35] perseverance [36] problem-solving skills [30] and flexibility. [37] Such outcomes can be interpreted as being indicative of greater levels of mental health and highlight the importance of this personality characteristic.
Despite the passing of two decades since Rutter's [38] original statement, little progress has been made in the understanding of resilience mechanisms. Whether coping may contribute to positive psychosocial resources such as resilience is unclear, although one of the studies [39] has found that those with higher self-efficacy and optimism showed more active coping behavior.
World Health Organization (WHO) defines QoL as "individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and their relationship to salient features of their environment". QoL is measured in terms of an individual's perception and level of satisfaction about their life. Other factors include culture, values, goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.
Eckleberry-Hunt et al., 2009 [40] have argued that several factors can influence lowered QoL and lead to burnout symptoms. These include lack of social support, depression, and disempowerment and sleep deprivation.
Issues linked to the notion of QoL among medical students have also been well-documented. [27],[41],[42],[43],[44],[45] A previous study has also stated that medical students are more likely to manifest depressed symptoms than their nonmedical peers. [44] A western study has disclosed that 21% of the US respondents indicated depressed states of mind, which was significantly higher than those found in the general population (8-15%). [46] Furthermore, reports for suicidal ideation were higher in student years with a peak at 4 th year of 9.5% (as opposed to 6.6% in year 1) and lower rates in later postgraduate years. [45] A study from India also revealed depressive symptoms, performance anxiety, panic symptoms were common psychological symptoms seen in medical students who had failures in the 1 st year of MBBS. [46] A study in Croatia revealed female medical students had greater stressful effect with contacts with patients and autopsies. [47] These data clearly tell that QoL in medical undergraduates has always been on a lower side as compared to other students.
To conclude, Medical students need to have a sense of being motivated to learn if they are to complete successfully their intense time of study and if they are to continue with their studies in their professional lives as doctors. [48] As such, medical students need to ensure a functional level of QoL if they are to maintain their motivation to learn throughout their professional life. [49]
To study sociodemographic profile in medical undergraduates
To study mechanisms of coping, resilience and QoL in medical undergraduates
To study correlations among them.
Sample and setting
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 students of MBBS stream of Topiwala National Medical College within a period of 2 months.
Medical undergraduates (MBBS stream) who gave consent for their participation in the study.
(1) Students who were not willing to participate in the study. (2) Those who were suffering from severe medical or psychiatric illnesses.
Ethical consideration
Approval of institutional Ethics Committee was taken before initiation of the study. A proper written informed consent was taken from all the participants of the study.
Semi-structured proforma
Mechanisms of coping scale
Devised by Parikh et al. [50] is a 30-item instrument derived from the "Ways of Coping Scale" by Folkman and Lazarus. Selected items of the original scale as well as 6 items relating to Fatalism are incorporated. The 30 items are divided into five factors that relate to five individual ways of coping viz. Escape avoidance, fatalism, expressive action, problem-solving and passivity.
The scale was filled by the subjects, and the scores were computed for each of the five factors. Then mean factor score was calculated. The averages of these scores were determined across the subjects. This is a time-tested method of scoring coping data.
Resilience scale
The personality characteristic of resilience can be assessed using the 15-item Resilience scale (RS). The RS used in this study is a modification of Wagnild and Young's [51] 25-item RS. The modified scale consists of positively stated self-descriptions to be responded on a 7-point Likert type response scale, ranging from 1 (Strongly Agree) to 7 (Strongly Disagree). Overall resilience was determined by totaling the respondents' responses and then dividing by the number of items to obtain a mean resilience score. These responses were recoded, so that a high score indicated a high level of resilience, with 7 being the maximum possible score.
World health organization quality of life-BREF Scale
It is an abbreviated version of WHOQOL 100 scale, containing 26 items each rated on a 5-point Likert scale. It measures QoL in 4 domains - physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental; along with two items from the overall QoL and general health facet. Domain scores are scaled in a positive direction (i.e., higher scores denote higher QoL). The mean score of items within each domain is used to calculate the domain score. Mean scores are then multiplied by 4 in order to make domain scores comparable with the scores used in the WHOQOL-100. The raw scores can then be converted into transformed scores to obtain the domain scores in the range of 0-100. The scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.94)
Subjects were selected consecutively on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria giving them the right to opt. Information sheet, consent form, and various questionnaires were provided to all the subjects to judge their mechanisms of coping, resilience and QoL.
Analysis of data was done using appropriate statistical methods. SPSS (SPSS Inc. Released 2006. SPSS statistics for Windows, Version 15. Chicago: SPSS Inc.) was used for analysis were used for analysis. For analyzing significance between two groups, Mann-Whitney U-test was applied. For more than 2 groups, Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. Significance was taken at 0.05 level. Correlations were determined using Pearson correlation test.
Observations and Results
Sociodemographic profile
A total of 250 students took part in the study. The sociodemographic profile of students was assessed. Students in the age range of 21-23 years formed the bulk of the study. About 78.4% were males while 21.6% were females. About 30% of the students were the local habitants of Mumbai while 69% were immigrants that included those staying in hostel and with other guardians. Most of the students (91.2%) were from nuclear families. About 8.4% students revealed that they selected the career because of compulsion. 85.2% students were satisfied with their accommodation while the rest were not satisfied. About 38% students exercised for <1 h in a week and only 22.8% students exercised more than 5 h a week. About 12.8% students revealed that they some or other problems at home.
Assessment of mechanisms of coping
Analysis of mechanisms of coping in students of various years of MBBS
The mean scores of the parameters and the number of students above and below the mean score was counted as shown in [Table 1]. A comparison of the percentage of students of the same batch showing scores more and less than the mean was also done. The results that were obtained are: Escape avoidance was found to be least in interns, and the number of students below the mean was increasing along with the academic year except for the students of 3 rd year part 2 showing a higher count. However, the results of fatalism were found to be variable being very less consistent with the academic year. The number of students above the mean score in expressive action increased with the academic year except for a higher score in 1 st year students. The results that were obtained on analyzing the problem-solving mechanism of coping were similar to that of expressive action with 1 st year and interns being the maximum in showing scores above the mean. The results of passivity were also higher in 1 st year students, but the interns showed the least value in passivity scores. Overall the scores of problem-oriented mechanisms of coping that is, problem-solving and expressive action was more in interns and the 1 st year students. From the 2 nd academic year, the students showing lower scores were more in number but the number of students showing higher scores was increasing along with the academic year for problem-oriented coping skills. Analysis of escape avoidance and passivity showed that the usage of these strategies was decreasing except for high levels in 3 rd part 2 students. The results obtained on analyzing the fatalism were variable.
Table 1: Mechanisms of coping in students of various years of MBBS
Comparison of mechanisms of coping in males and female
The comparison of mechanisms of coping in males and females revealed the following results. The mechanisms of coping did not differ significantly in males and females except for expressive action. On comparing the mean and median, it was found that Expressive action of coping was more in males as compared to females.
Frequencies of mechanisms of coping in native students and immigrant students
The frequency of mechanisms of coping in native students and immigrant students was calculated. The difference in fatalism and problem solving between students of Mumbai and immigrant students was statistically significant.
Assessment of resilience
A comparison of resilience in students of various years of MBBS was carried out as years of MBBS [Table 2].
Table 2: Comparison of resilience in students of various years of MBBS
The resilience scores of students of various years were compared within themselves and the results that were obtained are.
It was seen that the percentage of students above the mean scores is increasing as the academic year advances except for a decline in part 2 of 3 rd year. The difference in resilience score of males and females was not found to be statistically significant. The difference in relation with colleagues and its relation with resilience score was found significant. Those students whose relation was very well with colleagues were found to have more resilience.
Assessment of quality of life
The frequencies of the four domains of quality of life and the total scores was calculated as shown in [Table 3].
Table 3: Frequencies of the four domains of QOL and the total score
D1 = Physical domain
D2 = Psychological domain
D3 = Social domain
D4 = Environmental domain
Total QOL = A score relating to overall quality of life and general health.
Obtained by adding D1, D2, D3, and D4.
A comparison of quality of life in students of various years of MBBS revealed that the results were not the same in all academic years as shown in [Table 4].
Table 4: Comparison of QOL in students of various years of MBBS
It was seen that the results were not same in all academic years. The interns showed a high QoL as compared to all other batches while the number was least in 2 nd year students. Satisfaction with accommodation and its relation to QoL was found to be significant. The students who were satisfied with accommodation showed higher scores of QoL. Difference in problems at home and its relation to QoL was also found significant. Students with problems at home showed a poor QoL as compared to those with no problems at home. The students who did more exercise shower higher mean scores of QoL and the overall difference was found to be statistically significant.
Correlational analyses
Correlation of escape avoidance with resilience score and quality of life domains
No significant relation between escape avoidance and other parameters except for a negative correlation with Physical domain D1 at 0.05 level.
Correlation of fatalism with resilience score and quality of life domains
Analysis showed a negative correlation of fatalism with resilience, physical domain D1, Environmental domain D4 and Total QOL.
Correlation of expressive action with resilience score and quality of life domains
Analysis showed a positive significant correlation of expressive action with resilience at 0.01 level.
Correlation of problem-solving mechanism of coping with resilience score and quality of life domains
After analysis, it was found that problem-solving mechanism of coping bears a positive correlation with resilience and all domains of QoL.
Correlation of passivity with quality of life domains
It was found that there was a negative correlation of passivity with all domains of QoL.
Correlation of resilience with quality of life domains
As in [Table 5], the quality of life domains showed a positive correlation with resilience scores at 0.01 level.
Table 5: Correlation of resilience with QOL domains
The present study was cross-sectional study, the sociodemographic profile, mechanisms of coping, resilience, and QoL in 250 medical undergraduates of various years.
Students in the age range of 21-23 years formed the bulk of study that was about 59.6%. As most of the students of 3 rd years (part 1 and part 2) and interns fall in this range, the participation rate was high from this group. About 78.4% of students were males while only 21.6% were females. Lower sex ratio, less girls taking on higher studies and overall unwillingness of girls to reveal information or take part in study was responsible for less number of girl participants.
Mumbai being a major location for many of the educational institutes of state and country, most of the students come from surrounding places to seek education. This was revealed from the study also which showed a higher number of immigrants (69%) as compared to only 31% of students who were native inhabitants of Mumbai. About 91.2% students belonged to nuclear families, and 94% students belonged to middle class.
Among 250 students, only a single student that is, 0.4% belonged to low socioeconomic status. This low number of admission may be due to the long duration of medical courses as compared to other fields which lead to more number of poor students taking courses other than medicine or due to unrevealing of one's low socioeconomic status as a simple subjective question was asked rather than using an objective scale to know the socioeconomic status.
Of 250 students, 21 students took medicine due to compulsion. Also, 14.8% students were not satisfied with their accommodation. This dissatisfaction may affect the QoL of the students.
The questionnaires that were distributed also contained some questions regarding the lifestyle of students. It was found that 38% students exercise for <1 h in a week, and only 22.8% of students exercise more than 5 h a week. Higher burden of studies in the medical curriculum may be one of the factors for students spending less time in exercises. About 74% students spent more than 10 h a week in recreation. About 12.8% students revealed that they had some or other problems at home. However, this information depends on revealing of participants about their own problems and addiction.
On analysis, it was found that the scores of problem-oriented mechanisms of coping that is, problem-solving and expressive action was more in interns and the 1 st year students. In the 2 nd academic year, the students showing lower scores were more in number. The number of students showing higher scores was increasing along with the academic year. Analysis of escape avoidance and passivity showed that the usage of these strategies was decreasing with an increase in academic year except for high levels in 3 rd year part 2 students. Thus, the problem-oriented way of coping was increasing as the academic year was advancing from 2 nd year. The scores of the problem-oriented way of coping are found to be higher in 1 st year students, but a sudden decline was seen in the 2 nd year students. The students in 2 nd year of MBBS are exposed to clinical component that is a phase of transition from classroom reading to patient caring art, which most of the students find it stressful. This sudden transition may be due to the clinical component that may be responsible for students of 2 nd year showing less effective ways of coping. The Mechanisms of Coping were not effective in 3 rd year part 2 students also. Both problem-oriented and emotional-based mechanisms of coping were used by these students. The reason can be the burden of clinical subjects like internal medicine, surgery and other subjects in this year. It was observed by Lazarus [14] that when stressful conditions are viewed by a person as refractory to change, emotion-focused coping predominates; when they are appraised as controllable by action, problem-focused coping predominates. Coping is highly contextual, since, to be effective, it must change over time across different stressful conditions. In a study done by Folkman and Lazarus in 1995, it was found that a shift can be seen between main coping strategies of a person over the course of time. The shift that is seen in the students of various years in this study might have occurred in response to change in burden of studies and stress in one's life.
A shift from an emotion-focused coping strategy to a problem-focused coping strategy is a desired change in student, whereas the reverse is not. The shift from problem-focused to emotion-focused coping in some students or decrease in problem-focused coping scores over time may occur due to reasons such as depression or problems. If we gather data on the depressive status of participants using a depression scale, we can explain this undesired shift. Thus, lack of explanatory efforts to reveal the reasons for the shift from problem-focused to emotion-focused coping is the limitation of this study.
In the present study, it was found that the Mechanisms of Coping did not differ significantly in males and females except for expressive action. On comparing the mean and median, it was found that Expressive action strategy of coping was more in males as compared to females. Earlier studies also indicated that there were gender differences in the sources of stressors, but gender differences in coping were relatively small after controlling for the source of stressors. [52] A study done by Ramya and Parthasarathy in 2009, [53] also revealed that the students irrespective of their gender, used combination of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. It was also observed that the female students used emotion-focused coping strategies and sought more social support than males. [53] The present study also revealed that the Expressive action strategy of coping was more in males than females, thus males taking more of problem-oriented way of coping. Another study revealed that male students use more active coping strategies, alcohol/substance use and self-blame. [54]
Analysis was also done to compare the mechanisms of coping in immigrant students and students of Mumbai and it was found that the fatalism and problem-solving scores were higher in immigrant students, and the difference was also statistically significant. Creado [55] reported studies outside medical context showed that these two ways of coping are used more by individuals. Immigrant students stay away from homes in hostels or with their guardians. Thus, they handle most of the stress on their own without seeking much help from families except for some reasons. This may be the reason for more problem-solving way of coping being used by immigrant. Immigrants also showed more fatalism attitude. Generally, as Indians, we are fatalistic and usually look for divine intervention in a crisis. A different cultural context such as an urban population may be responsible for the native students of Mumbai being less fatalistic. Another study assessed the coping strategies commonly used by medical students in and found positive reframing, planning, acceptance, active coping, self-distraction, and emotional support as the coping strategies. [54]
Coping strategies can be modified by educational and therapeutic interventions. Training in how to use healthy ways of coping should be provided in medical school, through the implementation of stress management courses.
One of the aims of this study was to study the resilience in medical undergraduates. On analysis, it was seen that the percentage of students above the mean scores was increasing as the academic year advanced except for a decline in part 2 of 3 rd year. Thus, a positive shift was occurring in continuation with year of MBBS except in students of 3 rd year part 2 MBBS.
The resilience scores of males and females were also compared in the present study. However, the difference was not statistically significant. This is in accordance with studies done by Skehill 2001. [56]
Also in this study, difference in relation with colleagues and its relation with resilience score was found statistically significant. Those students whose relation was very well with colleagues were found to have more resilience. In many of the stressful events of the curriculum, the colleagues serve more helpful than the family members. Also, good relation with colleagues gives a social support in many instances. This may be the reason for students with good relations with colleagues being more resilient as compared to others. In one of his studies outside of the medical school context, Southwick et al. in 2005 [28] have also identified additional resilience factor such as religious faith, social support, and optimism which help to mitigate the effects of stressful events on well-being. In college life, the colleagues form a major social support. The Resilience being more in students with good relations with colleagues proves that the social support is a positive factor in the development of resilience. However, Findings by Lee and Graham in 2001 [57] revealed that many medical students felt guilty for spending time on social activities and personal well-being even though they recognized the importance of doing so. Thus, medical schools should take an initiative to build up social support among students by arranging programs on stress management, healthy relationships and telling their importance in order to increase the interest of students in social activities and increase their resilience.
The results showed that the QoL was best in interns. However, the students of 2 nd and 3 rd year part 2 showed the least scores. This is discussed previously also that the students of 2 nd year face a period of transition while there is a high burden of studies in the 3 rd year part 2. High stress affects the psychological well-being of an individual and decreases the QoL.
On subjecting to proper statistical test, satisfaction with accommodation and its relation to QoL was found significant. The students who were satisfied with accommodation showed higher scores on QoL. As environmental factors are one of the factors determining QoL, this significant statistical difference can be considered as normal and not any exception.
Analysis also showed that Students with problems at home showed a poor QoL as compared to those with no problems at home. Problems affect the psychological health of an individual and thus lead to poor QoL. Thus, there exists a relation between both.
On comparing the exercise in hours/week, the overall difference was found to be statistically significant. Exercise being a determinant of the physical domain of QoL, it affects the overall QoL of an individual. However in this study, it was found that 38% students exercise for <1 h in a week, and only 22.8% students exercise more than 5 h a week. Findings by Lee and Graham revealed that many medical students felt guilty for spending time on social activities and personal well-being even though they recognized the importance of doing so. [57] This indicates a need for change in social norms of the medical curriculum.
Coping and resilience
Correlations were determined between the different coping ways and resilience.
A positive correlation of expressive action with resilience at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) was found in this study. It was also found that problem-solving mechanism of coping bears a significant positive correlation with resilience. It was observed that the coping strategies were not problem-oriented in students of 3 rd year part 2 MBBS and the scores of resilience were also low in those students. Thus, it found that the problem-based mechanisms of coping are positively correlated with resilience while the emotion-based mechanisms of coping showed a negative correlation with resilience. Some of the studies also proved that resilient individuals exhibit lower levels of denial, avoidant coping behavior, and behavioral disengagement. [58],[59] Southwick et al. [28] also agreed that resilience has been linked to being able to perceive stressful events in less threatening ways, promoting adaptive coping strategies. [28] Resilient individuals have also been described as possessing problem-solving skills by Aroian 1997. [32] Thus, the positive correlation of problem-oriented mechanisms of coping with resilience found in this study is in accordance with literature and research of the past.
Coping and quality of life
On correlating, it was found there was no significant correlation between escape avoidance and other parameters except for a negative correlation with Physical domain D1 at 0.05 level and a negative correlation of fatalism with resilience, physical domain, environmental domain and total QoL. It was also found that problem-solving mechanism of coping bears a positive correlation with all domains of QoL. There was a negative correlation of passivity with all domains of QoL.
Thus, it found that the Problem-based mechanisms of coping are positively correlated with resilience and QoL while the emotion-based mechanisms of coping showed a negative or statistically nonsignificant correlation with QoL.
Cheng and Cheung 2005 [19] have proved previously that a higher level of coping skill is associated with higher level of positive adjustment. Coping flexibility has also been found to be associated with decreases in anxiety symptom severity and increases in QoL when followed for a 2-month interval. [21] Coping flexibility is associated with a decreased likelihood of experiencing increases in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of stressful life events. Resilient individuals have also been described by Aroian [30] as possessing problem-solving skills. Thus, the positive correlation of problem-oriented mechanisms of coping with QoL found in this study is in accordance with literature and research of the past. Talking to friends followed by avoidance behavior such as going to sleep/diverting attention was a coping skill that was found in medical students in a study in India. [60]
Resilience and quality of life
All the domains of QoL showed a positive correlation with resilience score at 0.01 level. This indicates that resilience in individuals is a positive factor for good QoL. Studies have described Resilient individuals as possessing an internal locus of control, [32] meaningfulness, [33] ego strength, [34] self-efficacy, [30] confidence, [35] perseverance [36] problem-solving skills, [33] and flexibility. [37] Such outcomes can be interpreted as being indicative of greater levels of mental health and a good QoL. Thus, building resilience can be considered as one of the ways in improving QoL of individuals.
Limitation of this study is the inability to assess causal factors, due to the study's cross-sectional design. From the above study, we are unable to understand whether coping leads to resilience, or whether more resilient youth are more likely to use adaptive coping strategies. Also, the study was limited to only 250 students of a single medical college. Thus, the results may also get affected by the academic environment of that particular college. Future multicentric longitudinal studies are needed to explore these relationships.
The study performed on the medical students revealed to us the different coping ways, resilience and QoL in students in the different years in the MBBS curriculum.
Problem-oriented mechanisms of coping, resilience, and QoL were higher in students doing internship. Thus, they have a proper approach of handling stress as compared to students of other years which developed over period of medical education. The students of 3 rd year part 2 were less resilient and used improper ways of coping. Their QoL was also on lower side. It was observed that there is a good shift of ways of handling stress toward positive side with an increase in the academic year except for some instability in students of 3 rd year Part 2.
Expressive action strategy of coping was more in males as compared to females. Problem-oriented mechanisms of coping were correlated with resilience and QoL while the emotion-based mechanisms of coping showed no correlation with resilience and QoL. High resilience was also found as a positive factor for good QoL.
The above observations gives us the idea about the level of stress that each year in MBBS a student is exposed to and gives indication for the need of special measures that can be employed in the different years to facilitate adjustment in the highly demanding course. One can understand from the study that interventions should begin in the 1 st year in medical students itself as a decline was observed in the 2 nd and 3 rd year part 2. Interventions that offer support like a mentor or stress management programs/workshops focusing on building resilience through coping be introduced. It can further pave the way for changes in the curriculum in MBBS with introduction of certain measures to handle stress.
We wish to acknowledge Indian Council of Medical Research for facilitating and supporting us with the study.
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[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Observations and...


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text:
using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
using Nova.Validation;

namespace Nova.Helpers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Helper class to easily set focus.
    /// </summary>
    public static class FocusHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Focuses the control.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="root">The root.</param>
        /// <param name="field">The field.</param>
        /// <param name="entityID">The entity ID.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool FocusControl(DependencyObject root, string field, Guid entityID)
        {
            if (root == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("root");

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(field))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("field");

            var controlToFocus = FindControl(root, field, entityID) as FrameworkElement;

            return controlToFocus != null && controlToFocus.Focus();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Finds the control.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="root">The root.</param>
        /// <param name="field">The field.</param>
        /// <param name="entityID">The entity ID.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static DependencyObject FindControl(DependencyObject root, string field, Guid entityID)
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(root); i++)
            {
                var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(root, i);

                var entityId = NovaValidation.GetEntityID(child);
                var fieldName = NovaValidation.GetFieldName(child);

                if (entityId == entityID && fieldName == field)
                    return child;

                var childOfChild = FindControl(child, field, entityID);

                if (childOfChild != null)
                    return childOfChild;
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Native Tablet applications are usually taken as more engaging than the browser based web applications. There are certain characteristics of native experience that presents it differently from other browser based web applications. While considering responsive design approach to optimize web experiences for tablets, most of the developers are keen to design a more "app-like" mobile web experience.
There exist a significant gap between browser based web experience which can be optimized for the improved tablet use. This not only helps to put forward reveal existing desktop web experience in a more intuitive way but also give a vital approach with a responsive web design. Organizations have often strived hard to optimize the tablet experience in accordance to the desktop experience, particularly assigning the additional cost of optimising web experience.
There are certain vital aesthetics of native tablet app design that can be used as an acceleration to improve the web experience.
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Use of transitions and animations – Attenuate animations and transitions can help offer tablet experiences which feels much prompt and engaging as well as helping provide ample feedback at the times while user completes an action.
There has been a tug of war brewing in the mobile platform market as the two most popular mobile OS have been going against each other to have the bulk of the market share. In the past, Android vs. iOS altercations have been the hot topic in the technosphere which although have led to many innovative services but also has strained the limits of human tolerance for passive aggressive retorts.
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Considering both the platforms in terms of apps downloads, Apple users are spending much more on apps even if they are downloading fewer of them overall. Concluding all, Android has been successful in capturing the market share, but iOS still reigns supreme as far as revenue generation is concerned.
Having social integration on to a website has become an important aspect for business to engage with visitor's traffic and enhance the experience. It is an era of interactions with emphasis more on the overall look and feel of the website. Sharing web site content is the option, developers can offer to users or can even follow brand button to hold your company on social media is the common way to integrate social media on website.
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The developers follow social web development to keep their customers or clients apprised of all recent activities and are prominently managing outlets on daily and weekly basis, it may be advisable to showcase your Facebook posts and Twitter feedbacks directly on your website.
Your online efforts will merely cripple while linking out or displaying inactive social media channel. It is beneficial to maintain your presence in updates and changes taking place in market. Business may vary significantly and there exist changes that make use of social media, all have lined up with logical method of incorporating social media into their sites.
Social media software development is the foremost tool that could be used to integrate social media to the website. In line to the open graph is the latest Facebook API that runs on your website and integrates seamlessly with Facebook.
Attention must be paid to the way in which individuals are using social media buttons by scrolling into Google Analytics. Matter of consideration is how many people are clicking on your outbound social media links? In order to resolve this issue, the easiest way is to explore this by setting up Event Tracking by Google Analytics.
Organizations have often faced lot of hassles while developing and testing web applications. It has been seen time and again that traditional roadblocks like cost, lack of process, scalability and methodology often hinder the successful deployment of an application. Often done at a project level, these actions remain underutilized and under-resourced. There is a huge demand for substantial infrastructure and flexible management of resources to undertake a large scale project.
There are various variables that account for unpredictable operations, gradual building of capacity and optimal utilization. Although it is a crucial IT function and many administrators understand the inability to provide the scale and flexibility for development and testing teams, it often delays the application development life cycle and hampers the delivery of an application.
In order to overcome all these hurdles, a cloud based developmental model can be undertaken to match the highly dynamic and resource intensive needs of the application development and testing. The pace of technology is moving at a rapid pace and developmental teams need to be flexible and agile in order to incorporate new ideas and functions in deploying an application.
Cloud-based development offers immediate deployment of application without upfront infrastructure cost which can be up-scaled or downsized as per requirement. Mobile application development can be taken to a whole new level while incorporating with cloud computing. It changes the whole scenario and the way an application is developed, tested and deployed.
One of the biggest advantages of undertaking cloud-based resources is that it enhances the competitive edge over the competition of maintaining their own data center without any additional cost input. It also provides testing teams with a self service model from a pool of shared but secure infrastructure resources. By making configurable templates, they can run them in parallel with the development team and customize it as per a particular project.
It is an hybrid solution which gives enhanced ID and access control to safeguard data. By automating approval work-flows and encapsulating infrastructure management it reduces the cost as well as time taken to develop an application.
However for any enterprise or business to undertake cloud computing development, there are some consideration that ought to be kept in mind. Control and Security, Overall performance, Real time monitoring of development, Operational management should be foreseen in order to ensure that there are no hindrances. In this competitive environment, success only embraces those who are able to incorporate new technology to have an edge over the others.
Mobile computing has taken its stance in the main stream as more and more people are taking cognizance of the fact that mobility is the way for the future. Reports have also adjudicated the fact that desktop computing is on a decline as smart phones and held devices gain momentum. Keeping this in mind, major service providers have started to work on a different strategy and they are giving emphasis on a universal platform, so as to eliminate the difference between mobile computing and desktop computing.
There have been reports that PC manufacturers are teaming up with Google to bring out notebook computers running on Android OS. With recently launched Chrome OS notebook, there is a lot of weightage that has been given to the android platform to work wonders in the desktop environment as well as most of the Google services work in the cloud. There is no denying the fact that Cloud computing is playing a vital role in enterprises as more and more people are looking for Software as a service so as to reduce the cost of ownership and burden on the resources.
Microsoft also seems to be following suit, after recognizing the developments in the mobility sector with a whole new OS "Windows Blue", which would merge regular Windows with the Windows Phone operating system.
The bridge between mobile and non-mobile computing (Desktop) is closing and largely becoming psychological. Smartphones are leveraging on the power of cloud to become more productive and do most of the task of robust desktop computing and adding mobility to it. The future belongs to a universal platform that cane scale to different screens. In order to remain significant the future, Desktop vendors need to capitalize on the popularity of cloud and mobility to diminish the gap between them. A universal work-space that presents only the features that are appropriate to the device is the need of the hour.
Overall, the flexibility presented by mobile OS by transforming its relevant features irrespective of the fact how they use it, have given it the edge over legacy processes. The biggest reason behind the success of mobile computing is the fact that most of the services that user access on these devices are not actually on the devices. They are more or less running on the cloud, making the devices interchangeable without worrying about the hassle of managing all the data.
Although this sector is new and evolving over time, there is a strong vibe in its favor that has given it the edge in the market. As time goes on, the highest aspiration of most devices, be it smartphone, notebook, tablet or desktop computers would be cloud based, encompassing more on performance and diverse availability of data across all devices. This is an era where mobile computing is defined by Cloud and desktop manufactures have to take cognizance of this fact to remain in the game.
As most of the data is going in the cloud, there is a phasing out of distinction between mobile and desktop computing. The most relevant aspect for everyone is data sharing and availability. Enterprises want their business software to be be available on different devices as they jump the cloud bandwagon. The only thing acting as a boulder in that path s the non availability of a universal platform that can work equally among mobile as well as desktop devices. By putting everything in the cloud, the devices become irrelevant among themselves, which is why the need for a universal platform, irrespective of the screen becomes highly vital.


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Amos Oz, ursprungligen Amos Klausner, född 4 maj 1939 i Jerusalem, Brittiska Palestinamandatet, död 28 december 2018 i Tel Aviv, var en israelisk författare, professor i litteratur vid Ben-Gurions universitet i Negev och samhällsdebattör. Han var medgrundade till Fred Nu-rörelsen i Israel 1978 och länge en framstående förespråkare för en tvåstatslösning till Israel-Palestina-konflikten. Oz var bosatt i Tel Aviv och Arad i Negevöknen. Han var gift med Nily Oz och hade två döttrar, bland annat historikern Fania Oz-Salzberger, och en son.

Biografi
Amos Oz var son till Yehuda Arieh Klausner och Fania Mussman, som flyttade till Brittiska Palestinamandatet från Europa på 1930-talet. Morfadern hade en kvarn i Równe i Polen (nu Rivne i Ukraina), och flyttade med familjen till Haifa 1934. Det tagna hebreiska efternamnet Oz betyder "styrka".

Modern Fania var märkt av traumatiska upplevelser och hade svåra depressionsperioder. Hon begick självmord 1951, då Amos Oz var tolv år. Han började arbeta vid en kibbutz när han var fjorton år gammal, och träffade där sin blivande hustru Nily.

Amoz Oz studerade litteraturhistoria och hebreiska vid universitetet i Oxford och Hebreiska universitetet i Jerusalem. Under sexdagarskriget 1967 stred han vid fronten i Sinaiöknen och i kriget 1973 på Golanhöjderna. Oz var fredsaktivist redan före sitt deltagande i sexdagarskriget. Sitt motto uttryckte han med orden "My motto is not 'make love, not war' but 'make peace, not love.' I have never believed in love between nations". Det var en omformulering av "make love, not war", som var fredsrörelsens slogan på 1960-talet.

Han innehade Weidenfeldprofessuren i europeisk och jämförande litteratur vid universitetet i Oxford, var medlem i Akademin för det hebreiska språket, och var verksam som litteraturprofessor vid Colorado College i Colorado Springs och Ben-Gurions universitet i Negev i Beersheba. Oz erhöll ett flertal hedersdoktorat samt hederslegionen. 2005 fick han Goethepriset.

Amos Oz skrev romaner och berättelser för barn och vuxna. Flera av hans böcker har översatts till femton språk.

År 2003 publicerade Amos Oz sin självbiografi, En berättelse om kärlek och mörker, som blivit en av de mest sålda böckerna i Israels historia. Det är en skildring genom ett barns ögon av en stat under bildande och av en immigrantfamilj under krig och med flyktingar.

Han var under många år medlem i Arbetarpartiet och stod Shimon Peres nära. Under 1990-talet lämnade Amos Oz Arbetarpartiet för Meretz.

Amos Oz bok Hur man botar en fanatiker har delats ut i 650 000 exemplar till Sveriges gymnasieskolor av Teskedsorden som han var med och startade.

Översättningar till svenska
 Någon annanstans (Makom ahher) (översättning från hebreiska av Viveca Heyman, 1975)
 Min Michael (Michael sheli) (översättning från hebreiska av Viveca Heyman, 1977)
 Intill döden (Ahavah me'uheret) (översättning från engelska av Mårten Edlund, 1980)
 Ett äventyr i Jerusalem (Soumchi) (översättning från engelska av Lena Fries-Gedin, Rabén & Sjögren, 1980)
 Onda rådets berg (Har ha-'etsah ha-ra'ah) (1981)
 I landet Israel (översättning från engelska av Mona Lagerström, 1983)
 En verklig vila (Menucha n'chona) (översättning från engelska av Marion Wajngot, 1986)
 Svarta lådan (Kufsah shehorah) (översättning från engelska av Marion Wajngot, 1989)
 Att känna en kvinna (L'daat isha) (översättning av Mose Apelblat, 1992)
 Det tredje tillståndet (Hamatsav hashlishi) (översättning av Ervin Rosenberg, 1993)
 Kalla det inte natt (Al tagidi lajla) (översättning av Ervin Rosenberg, 1995)
 Panter i källaren (Panter ba-martef) (översättning av Gidon Avraham, 1999)
 Samma hav (Oto ha-yam) (2002)
 En berättelse om kärlek och mörker (Sipur ʻal-ahavah ṿe-ḥoshekh) (2005)
 Hur man botar en fanatiker (2006)
 Rim på liv och död (Ḥaruze ha-ḥayim ṿeha-maṿet) (2008)
 Lantliga scener (Temunot me-ḥaye ha-kefar) (2011)
 Vänner emellan (Be'in Khaverim) (2013)
 Judas (ha-Beśorah ʻal-pi Yehudah) (2017)

Priser och utmärkelser
 1988 – Prix Femina Étranger
 1992 – Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels
 2005 – Goethepriset
 2007 – Prinsen av Asturiens pris
 2013 – Franz Kafka-priset
 2018 – Stig Dagermanpriset

Källor
 Presentation av Amos Oz, Wahlström & Widstrand
 David Remnick, "The Spirit Level", The New Yorker Fact

Noter

Externa länkar

Födda 1939
Hebreiskspråkiga författare
Israeliska författare
Män
Avlidna 2018
Mottagare av prinsen respektive prinsessan av Asturiens pris
Personer från Jerusalem
Alumner från Oxfords universitet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Reggie Bush tops College Football Hall of Fame class of 2023
The recently announced College Football Hall of Fame class is loaded with talent from top to bottom. Who are the top players in the class?
foxsports.com
USC's Reggie Bush headlines RJ Young's Top 5 in '23 HOF Class | Number One College Football Show
Fox Sports' RJ Young shares his list of Top 5 Players in the 2023 College Football Hall of Fame Class including players from Tennessee, Texas, Florida, and Boston College!
Reggie Bush, Tim Tebow elected to College Football Hall of Fame
USC Trojans legend and FOX Sports' own Reggie Bush headlined the 2023 College Football Hall of Fame class along with 2007 Heisman winner Tim Tebow.
USC's Reggie Bush, Tebow make College Football Hall of Fame
Reggie Bush, whose Heisman Trophy victory for Southern California in 2005 was later vacated because of NCAA violations, is among 18 players in the latest College Football Hall of Fame class.
Reggie Bush rips outgoing NCAA President Mark Emmert over Heisman Trophy issue
Reggie Bush put NCAA outgoing President Mark Emmert on blast as he continues his feud with the organization to get back his Heisman Trophy from 2005.
foxnews.com
Heisman Trophy: The top 25 candidates to win it in 2023
Can Caleb Williams repeat? Can Shedeur Sanders make a splash? RJ Young breaks down his top 25 Heisman Trophy candiates for next season.
USC's Williams wins Heisman after leading Trojan turnaround
Southern California quarterback Caleb Williams has won the Heisman Trophy to make USC the first school to take home college football's most prestigious player of the year award eight times.
LenDale White suggests he was given chance to grab $150K
Former USC running back LenDale White described some of his time at USC on a recent podcast appearance and how he once found $150,000 worth of cash.
Urban Meyer back on Fox's "Big Noon Saturday" post-NFL
Urban Meyer is returning to Fox's "Big Noon Saturday" college football pregame show after his NFL coaching career lasted less than one full season.
Pick a number: NFL players relish new single-digit identity
Minnesota Vikings cornerback Patrick Peterson is among the NFL players who took advantage of a rule change allowing more options for jersey numbers this year.
NCAA won't return Reggie Bush's Heisman Trophy despite new NIL rule
The NCAA said they will not re-evaluate or reconsider previous name, images and likenesses penalties.
Give Reggie Bush His Heisman Back
The NCAA can never fully atone for the theft of college athletes' labor. But it should try.
Reggie Bush wants his Heisman trophy and college stats restored after new NCAA policy: "I never cheated this game"
"It is my strong belief that I won the Heisman trophy 'solely' due to my hard work and dedication on the football field and it is also my firm belief that my records should be reinstated," Bush said in a statement.
Reggie Bush among 1st-timers up for College Hall of Fame
Former Southern California star Reggie Bush, who had his Heisman Trophy victory in 2005 vacated for committing NCAA violations, is among the players making their first appearance on the College Football Hall of Fame ballot.
USC welcomes back Reggie Bush after 10-year NCAA ban
Bush and USC were penalized for him and his family receiving impermissible benefits while he was still in school. (AP Photo/Kevork Djansezian, File)Southern California is welcoming back Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush to the school he helped win two national titles, ending a 10-year NCAA-mandated disassociation. Bush and USC were penalized for him and his family receiving impermissible benefits while he was still in school. The sanctions against USC were some of the harshest the NCAA has handed down in the last 20 years. Reg-gie!Throughout this process, one of the consistent themes that emerged from my discussions was how much Reggie Bush means to our former players, USC alumni and fans everywhere, said USC athletic director Mike Bohn, who took the job last fall.


text:
Torpedowagen steht für:

 Krimmler Wagen, im Volksmund auch Torpedowagen genannt
 Torpedopfannenwagen, Bauform eines Pfannenwagens, siehe Pfannenwagen#Torpedowagen


text:
Home » Haynes pays CEO almost twice as much as predecessor
Haynes pays CEO almost twice as much as predecessor
January 29, 2010 | Peter Schnitzler
Keywords Executive pay / Haynes International / Manufacturers / Manufacturing / Public Companies
Kokomo-based Haynes International Inc.'s revenue dropped 31 percent last year and its bottom line swung from
a healthy profit to a substantial loss. But the manufacturer of specialized alloys used in aerospace, chemical processing
and gas engines paid its new CEO substantially more than his predecessor.
In fiscal 2009, Haynes awarded President
and CEO Mark M. Comerford total compensation of $1.46 million—nearly twice as much as the $738,568 his predecessor,
Francis Petro, made the previous year. Petro, 70, retired Sept. 30, 2008.
Haynes revenue fell to $439 million
in the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, down from $637 million in fiscal 2008. During the same period, the company posted a $52.3
million loss, compared to a profit of a $62.8 million in 2008.
Compensation details were disclosed in the company's
annual proxy statement, which was filed Jan. 26.
Hired in September 2008, Comerford, 48, was president of Alloy Products,
a business unit of Mayfield Heights, Ohio-based Brush Engineered Materials Inc. before joining Haynes.
The proxy
statement shows his compensation included a base salary of $406,203, a $340,000 signing bonus,
$76,708 for relocation, $9,600 for a car, $3,600 for a country club membership and restricted stock and options
worth $608,198 at the time of their grant dates.
Comerford was eligible for an additional
cash bonus of $162,481—or 40 percent of his base salary—according to the proxy statement, but the company chose
not to award it. The rest of his management team also was eligible for bonuses worth 25 percent of their
base salaries but did not receive them.
"The global economic crisis of fiscal 2009 impacted executive compensation
this fiscal year in several ways," Haynes' proxy statement reads. "First, the base salaries of the named
executive officers were all temporarily reduced by 15 percent effective Aug. 6, 2009, and remained at
that level until Jan. 1 2010. Second, the Compensation Committee and senior management came to a decision
that, in light of economic conditions and other cost cutting measures taken by the company, no cash bonus
would be paid out … for fiscal 2009."
The rest of Haynes' management team took pay cuts last year.
Chief Financial Officer Marcel Martin saw his pay decline 25.5 percent, from $561,514 in 2008 to $418,056
in 2009. Vice President of Marketing James Laird took a 23.3 percent pay cut, from $496,559 to $380,748.
Vice President of Manufacturing Operations Scott Pinkham's compensation declined 14.9 percent,
from $396,722 to $337,571.
Marlin C. Losch III, Haynes' vice president of North American sales, made $312,297 in
fiscal 2009. The company didn't disclose his pay among its top five named executives the previous
Haynes employed Santa Rosa, Calif.-based Total Rewards Strategies as its independent
compensation consultant. Board member Timothy McCarthy, chairman of Pennsylvania-based C.E. Minerals, chaired its compensation
committee, which met 13 times last year.
Haynes also reduced the amount it spent on board
pay, primarily by eliminating one director position. In fiscal 2008, Haynes paid seven independent directors a total of $1.2
million. Last year, the company paid six directors just over $1 million. Of that, $660,000 came as cash
fees; the remainder was awarded in restricted stock.
Haynes' stock price fell from $45.45 per share
to $31.58 per share over its last fiscal year. It opened trading Friday at $30.52.
IBJ uses the Associated
Press formula to calculate executive pay. It gauges the value of compensation such as stock and options
grants at the time they are awarded, not the time they are cashed in.


LAHORE, Pakistan — For a while, the main question surrounding Maryam Nawaz Sharif was whether she might become Pakistan's first female candidate for prime minister in a generation. Now it's whether she might be going to jail.
Ms. Sharif, 44, leapfrogged several influential relatives to emerge in recent months, along with her uncle, as a possible long-term heir to the leadership of the country's dominant political force: the Pakistan Muslim League, long headed by her father, Nawaz Sharif, a three-time prime minister. She has been known for years as one of her father's closest advisers, but more recently she has taken a much more public role in the party's leadership.
When Mr. Sharif was forced to resign from office over corruption charges in July, she became the family's public face of defiance, harshly criticizing Pakistan's unelected power players, the military and the judiciary. And in the weeks after, she helped organize her mother's victory in the important by-election for Mr. Sharif's vacated seat in Parliament.
But the same corruption case that helped bring her father down has dragged her into court, too — accusations about the purchase of luxurious London properties with offshore money, detailed in the Panama Papers leak. An accountability court opened criminal proceedings against her, her father and her husband this month that could end with them all barred from holding public office and imprisoned.
But Ms. Sharif insists that the evidence to send her to prison is "missing" and that the victory in the September by-election was evidence that people still stand by her and her party. Since the indictment, she has continued to hold public meetings and visit development projects.
It was a characteristically confident statement from Ms. Sharif, who says that her family's resilience has been hardened by decades spent as the target of political rivals and Pakistan's powerful military establishment.
As peacocks and reindeer strutted on the lawns of the 700-acre Sharif family estate in Lahore, she described how Pakistani soldiers physically dragged her father from office in a coup in October 1999 and the ensuing years of exile in Saudi Arabia for her and more than 20 other members of her family.
"Prisons, disqualifications, sham trials, house arrests, court cases — been there, done that," Ms. Sharif said.
"I am undeterred, unperturbed, fighting," she added, constantly clicking on a diamond-and-sapphire prayer counter.
Even before her relatively recent step into a more public role at the top of the family's party, she had been a player in Pakistan's political scene. She has assembled a growing team of loyalists and promoted them within the Pakistan Muslim League and the government.
She hesitated to directly address whether she had ambitions to become prime minister, saying it was her family's decision that she take the party's reins.
But at least two of her father's aides have decided not to support her efforts to play a leading role in the party, and within the Sharif family she has been criticized by her uncle Shehbaz Sharif — himself a powerful political player and three-time chief minister of Punjab — and his children.
Until 2012, Ms. Sharif had quietly managed the family's philanthropic Sharif Trust, rising to political prominence only when she helped run her father's re-election campaign in 2013. Since then, she has managed to sideline her cousin Hamza Shehbaz, long considered a potential standard-bearer, who is now conspicuous by his absence from rallies and party meetings.
In a first for a family that has always maintained a united public front, Hamza Shehbaz admitted in a recent TV interview to political differences with Ms. Sharif and expressed hope that he would be able to bring Nawaz Sharif around to his point of view.
One of Nawaz Sharif's closest aides, Riaz Pirzada, said in a news conference after the indictment last week that Shehbaz Sharif should take over the party until his elder brother is free of his legal troubles. Another close aide, Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan, has said he could not accept Ms. Sharif as a party leader, and he is no longer in the cabinet.
But Ms. Sharif insists that rumors of infighting are overblown.
Clearly, the very real external threat posed by the court cases against her and her family have overtaken internal intrigue for the moment. But there is also widespread skepticism that the courts will reach a decisive verdict against them. And even if she and her father are unable to run in elections in the future, their party still has a powerful hold on critical electoral regions.
As for her personal role, Ms. Sharif says that the political chapter of her life has been a recent one. She described her upbringing as relatively traditional, and said that for a long time she "never saw herself in politics," in a family in which political leadership had long been a man's game.
She said her childhood was filled with singing and playing the piano. She was educated at the Convent of Jesus and Mary in Lahore, dropped out of medical school and finished a master's degree in literature at the University of the Punjab.
At 19, she married the man who had served as the military's attendant to her father in his first stint as prime minister, Muhammad Safdar. The couple have three grown children, and Ms. Sharif says she feels lucky to have married young.
She is frank about enjoying the finer things in life — designer handbags, expensive jewelry — even as the family's taste for luxury stands at the center of the corruption allegations.
"I'm a woman, I'm human," she said over lunch.
She says it was her grandfather who first recognized her administrative and political potential and appointed her to important positions in the family's operations. Over the years, she said, her father, too, came to appreciate her abilities. Today, she says, one of her most important skills is the capacity to convey advice and criticism to her father, a man who stubbornly refuses it from others, occasionally persuading him to change his mind.
She climbed into the passenger seat of her car, and as supporters began closing in along its path, she dutifully flashed "thumbs up" signs for them.


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Stella lights up the room, as per usual.
So, as I come down from a mulled-wine-induced sugar high, I just wanted to post a quick update. We are over-the-top "in the spirit" of the holidays this year. Christmas was always such a magical time for me, and I am very excited about creating some good ol' wonder for Stella Bella. Our halls are almost completely decked–and I even put a small pink decorative tree in the bathroom. Because I want to make sure we are jolly at absolutely all times. I'm making a holiday banner that looks like it's on crack–it's insanely busy with like ten different patterned papers and barely legible because there's so much going on but, damn it, that thing is going to hang on our mantle as a testament to our enthusiasm for the season.
No tube! This year's holiday food issue seems to be how to cut Stella off from the cookies without prompting a melt-down.
No waking up every 2.5 hours to tube-feed. However, Stella did wake up at 4:30 a.m. and would not go back to sleep. When this happens, Cody and I take it almost a little too well. Because it's an incredible night's sleep when you compare it to last year.
No more being trapped at home. We'll be traveling a bit this year, and for the most part, we are really, really looking forward to it.
No more easy holiday photo card shoots. A better camera and some toddler cement boots would help.
Oh and that banner? It will simply read, "PEACE." Sums it up nicely, I think.
This entry was posted in Family update and tagged holiday, motherhood, toddler. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Tree's up!
Oooooooo!!! I'm so happy for you three. Just look at how much gratitude there is in this post.
Hope you have a lovely holiday season… I for one am really grateful for YOU… your participation on my blog has made more of an impact than you can possibly know. I just left a response to a recent comment you made, but I'll repeat the sentiment here… sometimes I find myself wavering, questioning what I'm doing, and then I'll read something you've left for me, and I laugh, and feel inspired and fired up all over again. Stella is so lucky to have you as a mom.