I have an 80 year old friend who is being scammed by a guy from Ghana. She has been with him for over a year and sent him thousands of dollars. Her family has tried everything they can to convince her he is a scammer, but she refuses to believe them. The scammer keeps telling her that her family is jealous and wants to take away her happiness. I have done some research and found places where this scammer used the same picture under a different names, and I want to send that to her, but I believe she will just forward it to the scammer who will say his picture was stolen and then he will go clean up those sites. I want to point her to the entries about the scammer in this website, but I am afraid she will see the emails of hers that I posted and get really upset, and she will probably pass any links to this site on to the scammer, which I hear is a big no-no. I believe the only thing that might convince her is if I can record the guy in his own voice saying he is a scammer, or finding the pictures he uses on a modeling website (haven't found them yet and looked at every site I can locate). Any suggestions on what else I can do?
It will no doubt be very hard but not impossible.
Show her the collected evidence that she is not talking to a real perseon, instead to an online money thief.
What are the pictures he uses (search with scamdigger.com), what are his email addies, phone numbers, IPs?
More info on this scammer is needed before we, or anyone, can point you, and consequently your friend, towards proof.
I have collected as many emails that I can and looked up the IP address. They all come from Ghana, but she would explain this since he told her he had been kidnapped in that country and now that she paid his ransom he needs money to bring gold back to the US. I have rounded up as many pictures of him as I can along with all of the email addresses and names. I posted them at this site under http://www.romancescam.com/forum/viewto ... =3&t=28078" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false; (my entry is about the 5th one down under Harold Anagnoson posted by ScamHunder007). I had an FBI agent visit with her and tell her that it was a scam but she just argued. Any doubts we can plant in her brain are erased after she spends some time on the phone with this guy. There may not be a way to convince her, and she will be out of money soon. He may give up on her when she is bankrupt.
I believe you have already done most that is actually possible...including talking to her personally, having the police involved, having someone she trusts present her the proof that this innocent man´s photos are indeed being used by a number of independant Nigerian/Ghanaian scammers for romance scams.
You already have all the proof a person in their right mind needs. She is mentally incompetent to handle her own financial affairs. Let her be in love but get a family member to legally become her financial representative. With the proof you have that should not be hard. Like I said, let her have het love. When the money is cut off he will go away.
If no family member will step up to the plate, then tell her exactly what I said and suggest she find out how much he really loves her by cutting off funds herself. I can guarantee her, first he'll try to make her feel guilty, when that doesnt work, he'll get nasty and demanding. He'll throw in alot of begging, pleading, desperate circumstances and bigger and greater catastrophies. Then he'll try blackmail and last he'll make death threats. Never will he show himself as a genuine, compassionate and understanding lover (for more that 5 minutes, anyway).
Dont ever think that because she herself has ran out of money that she cant be scammed further.
Victims of romance scams have been known to send their rent money, money to pay for food or money to pay for medication, they will sell assests, borrow money and some will even steal to help the love of their life.
The scammer could send fake money orders or fake checks for her to cash or deposit money from a compromised bank account and then have her forward the proceeds by Western union to find out later that she is liable for the full value of anything she cashed / received.
It could be the scammer sending her goods that she should forward to the scammer, again, paid for by compromised bank account, he could employ her to print and send his fake checks for him or have her open bank acounts for him to use.
People often wonder what a scammer sees in a victim that has no money, the answer is still money, he will just take a different road to getting it.
One thing that we could try is to contact her ourselves, sometimes having an email from somebody like us makes the difference and I am willing to give it a go, either that or smash her computer which would work for a while too.
If you prefer me to try emailing over smashing her computer then i will need as much information as you can give me, you can PM any personal details but I do want to know everything.
My friend was not accepting the fact that the man she loved was a scam artist even after all of the proof I had collected. I decided to try something new. I found the Facebook page of the scammer and checked it every day to see what women became 'friends' with him. I would then contact them through Facebook messages and let them know that the guy was a scammer. Some wrote back and thanked me for letting them know, while others mentioned that they had already sent him money. I asked each one if they would help me convince my friend. Some agreed and I put them in touch with my friend. After my friend heard 3 women tell the same story about the guy, she finally started to question him. Unfortunately that still wasn't enough to break her free.
So I thought more outside the box. I figured if she would believe anything some fake guy would tell her then I would become a another fake guy. I created an identity of a guy who tracked scammers and had noticed she was listed as a friend of his on Facebook. I became friends with her through email and each time the scammer would make her feel guilty about questioning him I was there to convince her otherwise. It took a full year to get to finally break off contact and she has been free of that guy ever since.
So if you are in the situation I was, please don't give up. Just think outside the box and try new ways of reaching your family or friends.
I'm glad you found a way to get through and I appreciate the update. Thanks!
Help scamhunter!! I have a freind that I think is being scammed. He's been talking to this person for almost a year. They've never met or even Skyped. Right away it was fishy to me. She claims to be from USA,an orphan with a 5 million inheritance that is being stolen by whomever her father designated to watch over it. My freind will not listen to reason. He wires her money western union and though claimed recently that this person even offered him " job opportunities " . I got info from scam groups that any jobs they offer usually means bogus checks/money orders or reshipping. I told him this and he flipped out and changed his number because to scare him I said I was going to call his parole officer as a welfare check. He accused me of trying to ruin his life and slandering the woman he intends on marrying. Right away she told him to keep the $ secret even from his family. He fell right in for her game and is too blind to see. His asnger over my comments about cashing checks ect..seems like he has done it and or was offered by the scammer. He's on parole,unemployed,gets ssi,and believes that some fake millionaire is in love with him and be his wife. He's so in denial and believes her story about her "stolen inhertitance'. I really thought he'd get suspicious of her story after a month or two but he still delusioned and its going on 10 months. Everyone tells me the scammer will go once he can't pay anymore but he gets ssi which is guaranteed each month. I'm at my witts end . this scammer must be real good or he's just ignoring signs. He's 32 years old and not a man of means. Any suggestions?
I have a freind that I think is being scammed. He's been talking to this person for almost a year. They've never met or even Skyped. Right away it was fishy to me. She claims to be from USA but of course is in nigeria ,an orphan with a 5 million inheritance that is being stolen by whomever her father designated to watch over it. My freind will not listen to reason. He wires her money western union and has an answer for everything when challenged about this person. He just says i only know tidbits and not even close to know what he knows about this person and that they have proven themselves trustworthy. He even claimed recently that this person even offered him " job opportunities " . I got info from scam groups that any jobs they offer usually means bogus checks/money orders or reshipping. I told him this and he flipped out and changed his number because to scare him I said I was going to call his parole officer as a welfare check. He accused me of trying to ruin his life and slandering the woman he intends on marrying. Right away she told him to keep the $ secret even from his family. He fell right in for her game and is too blind to see. His anger over my comments about cashing checks ect..seems like he has done it and or was offered by the scammer. He's on parole,unemployed,gets ssi,and believes that some fake millionaire is in love with him and be his wife. He's so in denial and believes her story about her "stolen inhertitance'. I really thought he'd get suspicious of her story after a month or two,but he still delusioned and its going on 10 months. Everyone tells me the scammer will go once he can't pay anymore but he gets ssi which is guaranteed each month. I'm at my witts end . this scammer must be real good or he's just ignoring signs. He's 32 years old and not a man of means. Im convinced its really a man. They mostly message because he said he can telll how she writes/expresses herself that its a woman. I told him about the fake skype videos and how they always have some sort of emergency needing $ and will never come to be with him. Just that people will give $ based on promises of somebody hr hasn't even met or seen on video chat. he is a know it all and will not hear of it. Finally i said to test her loyalty he shoukd cut funds and not tell her for how long. Idk if he's going to do it but he said he could always say no to her requests for $. I know he won't because deep down i think he knows what will happen. He just looks at it as he is helping the woman he loves and intends to marry and this is his duty as a man. His cousin even tried to tell him but to no avail. He suggested i just let him get a wake up call on his own. I've backed off but am so worried. Help!!!
Welcome to RS. You are such a good friend !!!
Please call WU anonymous call and red flag your friend's name. Tell them that he is manipulated and brainwashed by Nigerian Mafia and pulled deeply into a romance scam.
Please know that the scammer is a psychological illusionist, able to convince anyone to believe in the illusion he created.
From the very moment a scammer targets you; his entire arsenal of psychological manipulation is brought into play. You are moved from a position of control to one of no control. The scammer moves into the position of supreme power, regardless of how powerful you may be in real life.
You are the only character in the scam that hasn't a clue as to what is really happening. The only choice given you is to react to what the scammer is saying and doing.
Reality is gone, you just don't know it - your real world has been completely and effectively replaced with that of the scammer, and the scam ring.
Unfortunately what you are telling us ---> he cashed checks.... Sounds like they recruited him as a internet MULE .
If he will be eventually facing consequences if convicted. If someone met someone online that has asked him to receive funds or goods on their behalf?
Quite simply, this is money laundering and any individual assisting these criminals can be prosecuted and have their whole bank account frozen. A conviction for an offence of money laundering may carry a penalty of up to 20 years imprisonment.
If you happen to have a picture of THIS WOMAN please upload in Google Image Search or TYNEYE and check if is already reported.
If you can share ANY INFORMATION about this scammer's ring please do it. We will try to find more about them.
Please mention to your friend about Ebola.
I found this thread because the situation of the original poster is very similar to my girlfriend's grandmother's circumstances.
Unfortunately she is by herself without family in Canada. We are living in Australia and my girlfriend's family is in the Philippines. She's will not accept that the man she is in a with relationship is really a scammer and sadly she will no longer accept contact from my girlfriend or her family.
He has started asking her for money. Fortunately she is not all that tech savvy and I don't think she has manage to send money.
Obviously the inevitable outcome will be him taking all her money, pride and likely leading her to an early grave.
I need to stop this early before the situation gets out of control.
Any advice received I will be very appreciative.
There isn't much you can do if the scammer has succeeded in alienating her from her family. And it doesn't take being tech savvy to know how to go to western union. The scammer will direct her. If she won't accept advice from you to come to this site and educate herself, I'm afraid she is going to have to learn the hard way. Don't enable her, don't accuse her, don't even think she's stupid, just remind her you love her and want her to be happy and ask her to NOT send money unless she's meet him face to face.
Thank you Pinky. That's very depressing. Doesn't anyone have any thoughts where this situation can be resolved without my girlfriend's grandmother becoming financially ruined and heart broken?
The West African scammers want money to be sent by Western Union and Money Gram . Please call both up and try to put on note on her name. She won't be able to send any.
It is incredibility hard to break someone from the scam. If someone is working on the victim to try to break them away from that scammer it is like playing with a double edge sword. You can tell the victim the things they need to know to break that bond but it doesn't sink in right away. The victim will take what you have given them and run straight to the scammer and tell him all about it. The scammer will then tell the victim they can no longer listen to the person telling them these things and they will have a believable story to cover what the victim has told them they found out.
It takes time and patience and it can be frustrating as all get out. Just know that right now the scammed victim is not the person as you have known her through your life, she is the scammers captive victim and until that spell can be broken into, she will remain his captive victim.
Be patient and loving with her and try to work with you to break that spell.


Santa just in time for the Holidays. With 16 squeakers the Kyjen Santa Mat is sure to guide your pup to a fun long lasting holiday season. In addition to the 16 squeakers, Santa's head rattles for extra enjoyment.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Experimental discovery of the inclusive and exclusive $B \rightarrow X_s \gamma$
and $B \rightarrow K^\ast \gamma$ decays \cite{R1} stimulated the study of the rare
$B$ decays in a new manner. These decays take place via flavor--changing
neutral current (FCNC) transition of $b \rightarrow s$, which occur only through loops
in the Standard Model (SM). For this reason the study of the FCNC decays can
provide sensitive test for investigation of the gauge structure of the SM at
loop level. At the same time these decays constitute quite a suitable tool in
looking for new physics beyond the SM. New physics can appear in rare decays
through the Wilson coefficients which can take values distinctly different from
their SM counterparts or through the new structure in effective Hamiltonian
(see for example Refs. \cite{R2}--\cite{R11}).

Currently the main interest is focused on the rare meson decays for which
the SM predicts ``large" branching ratios, and which can be potentially
measurable in the near future. The rare $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-~
(\ell=e,\mu,\tau)$ decays are such decays. For these decays the experimental
situation is very promising \cite{R12} with $e^+ e^-$ and hadron
colliders focusing only on the observation of exclusive modes with
$\ell=e,\mu$ and $\tau$ as the final states. At the quark level, the decay
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ is described by $b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^-$
transition. The inclusive $b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transition in framework
of the specific extended models were investigated in many papers (see for
example \cite{R5,R11,R13,R14}). Note that the most general model independent
analysis of the $b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay, in terms of 10 types of local
four--Fermi interactions, was performed in Ref. \cite{R9},
which has been extended
to include two more non-local interactions in Ref. \cite{R10}.
New physics effects in the exclusive rare decays,
$B \rightarrow K^{(*)} \nu \nu$, have been systematically analyzed also
in Ref. \cite{RR15}.

It is well known that theoretical analysis of the inclusive decays is easy
but their experimental detection is difficult.
For exclusive decays the situation is reversed,
{\it i.e.}, these decays can easily be studied in
experiments, but theoretically they have drawbacks and predictions are model
dependent. This is due to the fact that in calculating the branching
ratios and other
observables for exclusive decays, we face the problem of computing the
matrix element of the effective Hamiltonian responsible for exclusive
decays, between initial and final hadron states. This problem is related to
the non--perturbative sector of QCD and can be solved only by means of a
non--perturbative approach. These matrix elements have been investigated
in framework of different approaches such as chiral theory \cite{R15}, three
point QCD sum rules \cite{R16}, relativistic model by using light--front
formalism \cite{R17}, effective heavy quark theory \cite{R18} and light cone
QCD sum rules \cite{R19,R20}.

The present paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we give the most
general form of the effective Hamiltonian.
Then, using this Hamiltonian and the helicity amplitude formalism,
we calculate the differential decay width, including the lepton mass effects.
In this Section we also present the expressions of the other physical
observables, such as forward--backward asymmetry, and the ratio of the decay
widths when $K^\ast$ meson is polarized longitudinally and transversally.
Section 3 is devoted to the numerical analysis, and concluding remarks are
also in Section 3.

\section{Theoretical Background}

The matrix element of the  $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay at the quark
level is described by $b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transition.
Following the work \cite{R9,R10}, we write the matrix element of the
$b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transition as a sum of the SM and new physics
contributions,
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal M} &=& {\cal M}_{\rm SM} + {\cal M}_{\rm new}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal M}_{\rm SM}$ is the SM part and is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal M}_{\rm SM} &=& \frac{G \alpha}{\sqrt{2} \pi} V_{tb}V_{ts}^\ast
\Bigg\{ \left( C_9^{eff} - C_{10} \right) \bar s_L \gamma_\mu b_L \,
\bar \ell_L \gamma^\mu \ell_L +
\left( C_9^{eff} + C_{10} \right) \bar s_L \gamma_\mu b_L \,
\bar \ell_R \gamma^\mu \ell_R \nonumber \\
&-& 2 C_7^{eff} \bar s i \sigma_{\mu\nu}  \frac{q^\nu}{q^2}
\left( m_s L + m_b R \right) b \, \bar \ell \gamma^\mu \ell  \bigg\}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where $R=(1+\gamma_5)/2$ and $L=(1-\gamma_5)/2$, and all of the
Wilson coefficients are evaluated at the scale $\mu = m_b = 4.8$~GeV.

In Ref. \cite{R9}, it has been shown that
there are ten independent local four--Fermi
interactions which may contribute to the process, and the explicit form of
${\cal M}_{\rm new}$ can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
{\cal M}_{\rm new} = \frac{G\alpha}{\sqrt{2} \pi}
 V_{tb}V_{ts}^\ast
\Bigg\{ C_{LL} \bar s_L \gamma_\mu b_L \, \bar \ell_L
\gamma^\mu \ell_L +
C_{LR} \bar s_L \gamma_\mu b_L \, \bar \ell_R \gamma^\mu \ell_R +
C_{RL} \bar s_R \gamma_\mu b_R \, \bar \ell_L \gamma^\mu \ell_L} \nonumber \\
&&+ C_{RR} \bar s_R \gamma_\mu b_R \, \bar \ell_R \gamma^\mu \ell_R +
C_{LRLR} \bar s_L b_R \, \bar \ell_L  \ell_R
+ C_{RLLR} \bar s_R b_L \, \bar \ell_L  \ell_R +
C_{LRRL} \bar s_L b_R \, \bar \ell_R  \ell_L \nonumber \\
&&+ C_{RLRL} \bar s_R b_L \, \bar \ell_R  \ell_L
+ C_T \bar s \sigma_{\mu\nu} b \, \bar \ell \sigma^{\mu\nu} \ell +
i C_{TE} \bar s \sigma_{\mu\nu} b \, \bar \ell \sigma_{\alpha\beta} \ell
\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta} \Bigg\}
\end{eqnarray}
It should be noted that in the present  analysis we will neglect the tensor
type interactions ({\it i.e.},
terms with coefficients $C_T$ and $C_{TE}$) since
the numerical analysis which is carried in
Ref. \cite{R9} shows that the physical observables are not sensitive to
the presence of the tensor interactions.

From Eq. (1), in order to calculate the decay width for the
exclusive $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay, the following matrix elements
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\left< K^\ast \left| \bar s \gamma_\mu (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right| B \right>, \nonumber \\
&&\left< K^\ast \left| \bar i s \sigma_{\mu\nu} q^\nu (1 + \gamma_5) b \right| B \right>,
~~~{\rm (strange~ quark~ mass~ is~ neglected)} \nonumber \\
{\rm and} ~~~
&&\left< K^\ast \left| \bar s (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right| B \right> \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
have to be calculated.
These matrix elements can be written in terms of the form
factors in the following way
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
\left< K^\ast(p_{K^\ast},\varepsilon) \left| \bar s \gamma_\mu (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right|
B(p_B) \right> =} \nonumber \\
&&- \epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \varepsilon^{\ast\nu} p_{K^\ast}^\rho q^\sigma
\frac{2 V(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}} \pm i \varepsilon_\mu^\ast (m_B+m_{K^\ast})
A_1(q^2) \mp i (p_B + p_{K^\ast})_\mu (\varepsilon^\ast q)
\frac{A_2(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}} \nonumber \\
&&\mp i q_\mu \frac{2 m_{K^\ast}}{q^2} (\varepsilon^\ast q)
\left[A_3(q^2)-A_0(q^2)\right]~,  \\
\lefteqn{
\left< K^\ast(p_{K^\ast},\varepsilon) \left| \bar s i \sigma_{\mu\nu} q^\nu (1 + \gamma_5) b \right|
B(p_B) \right> =} \nonumber \\
&& 4 \epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \varepsilon^{\ast\nu} p_{K^\ast}^\rho q^\sigma
T_1(q^2) + 2 i \left[ \varepsilon_\mu^\ast (m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2) -
(p_B + p_{K^\ast})_\mu (\varepsilon^\ast q) \right] T_2(q^2) \nonumber \\
&+& 2 i (\varepsilon^\ast q) \left[ q_\mu -
(p_B + p_{K^\ast})_\mu \frac{q^2}{m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2} \right] T_3(q^2)~,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\varepsilon$ is the polarization vector of $K^\ast$ meson, and
$q=p_B-p_{K^\ast}$ is the momentum transfer.
In order to ensure finiteness of (4) at $q^2=0$, we demand that
$A_3(q^2=0) = A_0(q^2=0)$.
For calculation of the matrix element
$\left< K^\ast \left| \bar s (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right| B \right>$, we
multiply both sides of Eq. (4) by $q_\mu$ and use equation of motion.
Neglecting the strange quark mass, we get
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
\left< K^\ast(p_{K^\ast},\varepsilon) \left| \bar s (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right|
B(p_B) \right> =} \nonumber \\
&&\frac{1}{m_b} \Big\{ \mp i (\varepsilon^\ast q) (m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2)
\pm i (m_B-m_{K^\ast}) (\varepsilon^\ast q) A_2(q^2) \nonumber \\
&&\pm 2 i m_{K^\ast} (\varepsilon^\ast q) \left[A_3(q^2)-A_0(q^2)\right]~\Big\}.
\end{eqnarray}
Using the equation of motion, the form factor $A_3$ can be written as a
linear combination of the form factors $A_1(q^2)$ and $A_2(q^2)$
(see Ref. \cite{R16})
\begin{eqnarray}
A_3(q^2) = \frac{m_B+m_{K^\ast}}{2 m_{K^\ast}} A_1(q^2) -
\frac{m_B-m_{K^\ast}}{2 m_{K^\ast}} A_2(q^2)~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Substituting this relation in the matrix element
$\left< K^\ast \left| \bar s (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right| B \right>$, we get
\begin{eqnarray}
\left< K^\ast(p_{K^\ast},\varepsilon) \left| \bar s (1 \pm \gamma_5) b \right| B(p_B) \right>
= \frac{1}{m_b} \Big\{\mp 2 i m_{K^\ast} (\varepsilon^\ast q) A_0(q^2)
\Big\}~.
\end{eqnarray}
Finally,
for the matrix elements of $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
{\cal M} = \frac{G \alpha}{4 \sqrt{2} \pi} V_{tb} V_{ts}^\ast \Bigg\{
\Bigg[-\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \varepsilon^{\ast\nu} p_{K^\ast}^\rho q^\sigma
\frac{2 V(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}}-
i \varepsilon_\mu^\ast (m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2)} \nonumber \\
&&+ i (p_B+p_{K^\ast})_\mu (\varepsilon^\ast q)
\frac{A_2(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}}
+ i q_\mu \frac{2 m_{K^\ast}}{q^2} (\varepsilon^\ast q)(A_3 - A_0) \Bigg] \nonumber \\
&&~~\times \Bigg[ (C_9^{eff}-C_{10}+C_{LL}) \bar \ell \gamma_\mu
(1-\gamma_5) \ell + (C_9^{eff}+C_{10}+C_{LR}) \bar \ell \gamma_\mu
(1+\gamma_5) \ell \bigg] \nonumber \\
&&- 4 \frac{C_7^{eff}}{q^2} m_b \Bigg[ 4 \epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}
\varepsilon^{\ast\nu} p_{K^\ast}^\rho q^\sigma T_1(q^2) + 2 i \Big(\varepsilon_\mu^\ast
(m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2) + (p_B+p_{K^\ast})_\mu (\varepsilon^\ast q) \Big)
T_2(q^2) \nonumber \\
&&~~~~~~~~~+2 i (\varepsilon^\ast q) \Bigg( q_\mu - (p_B+p_{K^\ast})_\mu
\frac{q^2}{m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2} \Bigg) T_3(q^2) \Bigg] \bar \ell \gamma_\mu\ell \\
&&+\Bigg[-\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \varepsilon^{\ast\nu} p_{K^\ast}^\rho
q^\sigma \frac{2 V(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}}
 + i \varepsilon_\mu^\ast (m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2) - i (p_B+p_{K^\ast})_\mu
(\varepsilon^\ast q) \frac{A_2(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}} \nonumber \\
&&~~~~~~~~~-i q_\mu \frac{2 m_{K^\ast}}{q^2} (\varepsilon^\ast q)
(A_3(q^2) - A_0(q^2)) \Bigg] \Big[ C_{RL} \bar \ell \gamma_\mu(1-\gamma_5) \ell
+ C_{RR} \bar \ell \gamma_\mu (1+\gamma_5) \ell \Big] \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{1}{m_b} \Big[-2 i m_{K^\ast} (\varepsilon^\ast q)
A_0(q^2) \Big] \Big[ (C_{LRLR} - C_{RLLR})  \bar \ell (1+\gamma_5) \ell +
(C_{LRRL} - C_{RLRL})  \bar \ell (1-\gamma_5) \ell \Big] \Bigg\}~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

Using the matrix element of $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay
(see Eq. (8)) and
the helicity amplitude formalism (for more detail see Refs.
\cite{R21,R22}) for the differential decay rate width, we get
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{
\frac{d\Gamma}{dq^2 dx} = \frac{G^2 \alpha^2}{2^{14} \pi^5 m_B^3}
\left| V_{tb} V_{ts}^\ast \right|^2
v \lambda^{1/2}(m_B^2,q^2,m_{K^\ast}^2)} \nonumber \\
&&\times \Bigg\{
\left| {\cal M}^{+-}_{+}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{+-}_{-}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{++}_{-}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{++}_{+}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{-+}_{+}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{-+}_{-}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{--}_{+}\right|^2 \nonumber \\
&&+
\left| {\cal M}^{--}_{-}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{++}_{0}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{+-}_{0}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{-+}_{0}\right|^2 +
\left| {\cal M}^{--}_{0}\right|^2 \Bigg\}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where superscripts denote helicities of the leptons and subscripts
correspond to the helicity of the $K^\ast$ meson.
In Eq. (9),
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\lambda(m_B^2,q^2,m_{K^\ast}^2) = m_B^4 + m_{K^\ast}^4 +
q^4 - 2 m_B^2 q^2 - 2 m_B^2 m_{K^\ast}^2 - 2 m_{K^\ast}^2 q^2~, \nonumber \\
&&q^2=(p_B-p_{K^\ast})^2~, \nonumber \\
&&v = \sqrt{1 - 4 m_\ell^2/q^2},~~{\rm (velocity~ of~ the~ lepton),~ and} \nonumber \\
&&x=\cos\theta,~~  (\theta = {\rm angle~ between}~ K^\ast~{\rm and}~ \ell^-). \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The explicit forms of
${\cal M}^{\lambda_\ell \,  \lambda_\ell}_{\lambda_V}$ are as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal M}^{++}_{\pm} &=& \pm \sqrt{2} m_\ell \sin\theta \Big\{
( 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_\pm +
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm + (C_{RR} + C_{RL}) h_\pm\Big\}~,
\\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{+-}_{\pm} &=& (-1\pm\cos\theta) \sqrt{\frac{q^2}{2}} \Big\{
\Big[ 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR}  + v (2 C_{10} + C_{LR} - C_{LL} )
\Big] H_\pm\nonumber \\
&&+ 4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm +
\Big[ C_{RL} + C_{RR} + v ( C_{RR} - C_{RL} ) \Big] h_\pm \Big\}~,
\\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{-+}_{\pm} &=& (1\pm\cos\theta) \sqrt{\frac{q^2}{2}} \Big\{
\Big[ 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR}  + v (- 2 C_{10} + C_{LL} - C_{LR} )
\Big] H_\pm\nonumber \\
&&+ 4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm +
\Big[ C_{RL} + C_{RR} + v ( C_{RL} - C_{RR} ) \Big] h_\pm \Big\}~,
\\\nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{--}_{\pm} &=& (\mp \sqrt{2} m_\ell \sin\theta) \Big\{
( 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_\pm +
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm \nonumber \\
&&+ (C_{RL} + C_{RR}) h_\pm\Big\}~,
\\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{++}_{0} &=& 2 m_\ell \cos\theta \Big\{
( 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_0 -
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0 + (C_{RL} + C_{RR}) h_0\Big\} \nonumber \\
&&+ 2 m_\ell \Big\{ (2 C_{10} - C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_S^0
+(-C_{RL} + C_{RR}) h_S^0 \Big\} \\
&&+\frac{2}{m_b} \sqrt{q^2} \Big\{ \Big[\sqrt{q^2} (1-v) (C_{LRLR} - C_{RLLR}) -
\sqrt{q^2} (1+v) (C_{LRRL} - C_{RLRL}) \Big] H_S^0 \Big\}~,
\nonumber \\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{+-}_{0} &=& - \sqrt{q^2} \sin\theta \Big\{
\Big[ (C_9^{eff}- C_{10}+ C_{LL})(1-v) + (C_9^{eff}+ C_{10}+ C_{LR})
(1+v)\Big] H_0 \nonumber \\
&&- 4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0
+ \Big[C_{RL}(1-v) + C_{RR}(1+v)\Big] h_0 \Big\}~,
\\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{-+}_{0} &=&  - \sqrt{q^2} \sin\theta \Big\{
\Big[ (C_9^{eff}- C_{10}+ C_{LL})(1+v) + (C_9^{eff}+ C_{10}+ C_{LR})
(1-v)\Big] H_0 \nonumber \\
&&- 4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0
+ \Big[C_{RL}(1+v) + C_{RR}(1-v)\Big] h_0 \Big\}~,
\\ \nonumber \\
{\cal M}^{--}_{0} &=& - 2 m_\ell \cos\theta \Big\{
( 2 C_9^{eff} + C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_0 -
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0 + (C_{RL} + C_{LL}) h_0\Big\} \nonumber \\
&&+ 2 m_\ell \Big\{ (2 C_{10} - C_{LL} + C_{LR} ) H_S^0
+(C_{RR} - C_{RL}) h_S^0 \Big\} \\
&&+\frac{2}{m_b} \sqrt{q^2} \Big\{ \Big[\sqrt{q^2} (1+v) (C_{LRLR} -
C_{RLLR}) -
\sqrt{q^2} (1-v) (C_{LRRL} - C_{RLRL}) \Big] H_S^0 \Big\}~,\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
H_\pm &=& \pm \lambda^{1/2} \frac{V(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}} +
(m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2)~, \\ \nonumber \\
H_0 &=& \frac{1}{2 m_{K^\ast}\sqrt{q^2}} \Bigg[
- (m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2-q^2) (m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2) +
 \lambda\frac{A_2(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}} \Bigg]~, \\ \nonumber \\
H_S^0 &=&\frac{ \lambda^{1/2}}{2 m_{K^\ast}\sqrt{q^2}}
\Bigg[-(m_B+m_{K^\ast}) A_1(q^2) + \frac{A_2(q^2)}{m_B+m_{K^\ast}}
(m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2) \nonumber \\
&+& 2 m_{K^\ast} \left[ A_3(q^2)-A_0(q^2)\right]~,  \nonumber \\
&\equiv& \frac{ \lambda^{1/2}}{2 m_{K^\ast}\sqrt{q^2}}
\left[-2m_{K^\ast} A_0(q^2) \right] \\ \nonumber \\
{\cal H}_\pm &=& 2 \left[ \pm \lambda^{1/2} T_1(q^2) +
(m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2)T_2(q^2) \right]~, \\ \nonumber \\ \nonumber
{\cal H}_0 &=&   \frac{1}{m_{K^\ast}\sqrt{q^2}}
\Bigg\{ (m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2) (m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2-q^2) T_2(q^2) \nonumber \\
&-& \lambda \left[ T_2(q^2)
+ \frac{q^2}{m_B^2-m_{K^\ast}^2} T_3(q^2) \right] \Bigg\}~, \\ \nonumber \\
h_\pm &=& H_\pm \left( A_1 \rightarrow - A_1,~~A_2 \rightarrow - A_2 \right)~,  \\
h_0 &=& H_0 \left( A_1 \rightarrow - A_1,~~A_2 \rightarrow - A_2 \right)~.
\end{eqnarray}

In the present paper, we study the dependence of the following measurable physical
quantities, such as \\
\hspace*{0.5cm} (i) $\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$, \\
\hspace*{0.5cm} (ii) $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T=\Gamma_0/(\Gamma_+ + \Gamma_-)$, \\
\hspace*{0.5cm} (iii)  the polarization parameter
$\left[ 2 \Gamma_0/(\Gamma_+ + \Gamma_-) -1 \right]$, and \\
\hspace*{0.5cm} (iv) the lepton forward--backward asymmetry
and the longitudinal lepton polarization,  \\
on the different ``new" Wilson coefficients.
Here the subscripts in the decay width denotes the helicities
of the $K^\ast$ meson.
From Eq. (9), we can easily obtain the explicit
expressions for $\Gamma_+$, $\Gamma_-$ and $\Gamma_0$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_\pm &=& \frac{G^2 \alpha^2}{2^{14}\pi^5 m_B^3}
\left| V_{tb}V_{ts}^\ast \right|^2 \int dq^2\int dx \, v \lambda^{1/2} \Bigg\{
\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{+-} \right|^2 + \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{++} \right|^2 \nonumber \\
&+& \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{--} \right|^2 \Bigg\}~,
\end{eqnarray}
where the upper(lower) subscript in $\Gamma$ corresponds to
${\cal M}_+({\cal M}_-)$ and
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_0 &=& \frac{G^2 \alpha^2}{2^{14}\pi^5 m_B^3}
\left| V_{tb}V_{ts}^\ast \right|^2 \int dq^2\int dx \, v \lambda^{1/2} \Bigg\{
\left| {\cal M}_0^{+-} \right|^2 + \left| {\cal M}_0^{++} \right|^2 \nonumber \\
&+& \left| {\cal M}_0^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_0^{--} \right|^2 \Bigg\}~.
\end{eqnarray}
From Eqs. (25) and (26), the expressions for the ratios
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$, $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T=\Gamma_0/(\Gamma_+ + \Gamma_-)$
and the polarization parameter, which is equal to
$\alpha \equiv 2 \Gamma_L/\Gamma_T -1$, can easily be obtained.
These quantities are separately measurable from the experiments.
In further analysis we will study the dependence of the branching ratio on
new Wilson coefficients which are related to the decay width by the relation
${\cal BR} (B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-) = \Gamma(B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+
\ell^-)~\tau_B$, where $\tau_B$ is the life time of the $B$ meson.

The lepton forward--backward asymmetry, $A_{FB}$, is one of the most
useful tools in search of new physics beyond the SM.
Especially the determination
of the position of the zero value for $A_{FB}$ can predict possibly
new physics contributions.
Indeed, existence of the new physics can be confirmed by the shift in the
position of the zero value of the forward--backward asymmetry \cite{R7}.
Therefore, in the present work we analyze with special emphasis
the dependence of $A_{FB}$ on the different ``new" Wilson coefficients.
The lepton forward--backward asymmetry is defined in the
following way
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d}{dq^2}A_{FB}(q^2) = \frac{\displaystyle{
\int_0^1dx \frac{d\Gamma}{dq^2 dx} - \int_{-1}^0dx \frac{d\Gamma}{dq^2 dx}}}
{\displaystyle{
\int_0^1dx \frac{d\Gamma}{dq^2 dx} + \int_{-1}^0dx \frac{d\Gamma}{dq^2 dx}}}~.
\end{eqnarray}
Another very informative quantity in search of new physics is the final
lepton polarization, as shown in  Ref. \cite{R10}.
Here we restrict ourselves only to the study
of the longitudinal polarization of the $\tau$--lepton. The expression for
longitudinal polarization can be calculated from Eq. (9),
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{P_L = }\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{
\displaystyle{\int_0^1 dx \,\Bigg\{
\left[ \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{--} \right|^2 +
       \left| {\cal M}_0^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_0^{--} \right|^2 \right] -
\left[ \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{+-} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{++} \right|^2 +
       \left| {\cal M}_0^{+-} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_0^{++} \right|^2 \right]
\Bigg\} v \lambda^{1/2}} } {
\displaystyle{\int_0^1 dx \,\Bigg\{
\left[ \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{--} \right|^2 +
       \left| {\cal M}_\pm^{+-} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_\pm^{++} \right|^2 +
       \left| {\cal M}_0^{-+} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_0^{--} \right|^2  +
       \left| {\cal M}_0^{+-} \right|^2+\left| {\cal M}_0^{++} \right|^2 \right]
\Bigg\} v \lambda^{1/2}} } ~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Numerical Analysis and Conclusions}

Having the explicit expressions for the physically measurable quantities,
in this Section we will study the dependence of these quantities on the new
Wilson coefficients in ${\cal M}_{\rm new}$, Eq. (3).
The values of the main input parameters, which appear in the expression for
the decay widths $\Gamma_0,~\Gamma_+,~\Gamma_-,~A_{FB}$ and the polarization
parameter $\alpha$, are:
\begin{eqnarray}
m_b &=& 4.8~{\rm GeV},~~~m_c=1.35~{\rm GeV},~~~m_\tau=1.78~{\rm GeV}, \nonumber \\
m_\mu &=& 0.105~{\rm GeV},~~~m_B=5.28~{\rm GeV},~~~m_{K^\ast}=0.892~{\rm GeV}. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
We use the following
values for the Wilson coefficients of the SM:
$$
C_9^{\rm NDR}=4.153,~~~C_{10}=-4.546,~~~C_7=-0.311,
$$
which correspond to the next-to-leading QCD corrections \cite{R23,R24}.
The renormalization point $\mu$ and
the top quark mass are set to be
$$
\mu=m_b=4.8~{\rm GeV},~~~m_t=175~{\rm GeV}.
$$
(We follow Refs. \cite{R25}--\cite{R29} in taking into account
the long--distance effects of the charmonium states).
For the form factors, we have used the
results of the works \cite{R19,R20}.
Here we would like to stress
that, throughout numerical analysis the central values of the input parameters
are used and their theoretical errors, especially the ones related to the
form factors, might be sizeable, but are not taken into account in the
present work.

Let us first study the change in the differential decay rate when the
corresponding Wilson coefficients change. We assume that all new Wilson
coefficients $C_{X}$ are real, {\it i.e.},
we do not introduce any new physics phase
in addition to the one present in the SM.
In Figs. 1--3 (Figs. 4--6), we change $C_{LL},~C_{LR},~C_{RR},
~C_{RL},~C_{LRLR}$ and $C_{LRRL}$ for the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$
($B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$) decays.
From these Figures, we can easily see that,
far from resonance regions,
$d{\cal BR}/dq^2$ is more strongly dependent on $C_{LL}$ and
also on $C_{RL}$ than on the other $C_X$'s.
This behavior can be explained as follows: \\
\hspace*{0.5cm}
(i) Considering $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay, and
neglecting the terms proportional to the lepton mass, the terms coming from
$C_{LL}$ and $C_{RL}$ are (see Eqs. (10)--(17))
\begin{eqnarray}
\left| {\cal M}_{C_{LL}} \right|^2 &=& (1\pm\cos\theta)^2 \frac{q^2}{2}
\vel2(C_9^{eff} -C_{10} +C_{LL})H_\pm  +
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm \right|^2 \nonumber \\
&+& \sin^2\theta~ q^2 \left| 2 (C_9^{eff} -C_{10} + C_{LL}) H_0 -
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0\right|^2~, \\ \nonumber \\
\left| {\cal M}_{C_{RL}} \right|^2 &=& (1\pm\cos\theta)^2 \frac{q^2}{2}
\left| \Big[ 2 (C_9^{eff} -C_{10}) H_\pm + 4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_\pm + 2
C_{RL} h_\pm \right|^2 \nonumber \\
&+& \sin^2\theta~q^2 \left| 2 (C_9^{eff} -C_{10}) H_0  -
4 C_7^{eff} \frac{m_b}{q^2} {\cal H}_0 + 2 C_{RL} h_0  \right|^2~.
\end{eqnarray}
Far from the resonance region, for example $q^2 \simeq 5$~GeV$^2$,
Re$(C_9^{eff}-C_{10})\simeq 9.5$ and Re$(C_9^{eff}+C_{10})\simeq 0.4$.
Therefore, the interference terms between the terms proportional to
$(C_9^{eff}-C_{10})$ and $C_{LL}$ ($C_{RL}$) are large and for
this reason the contributions coming from $C_{LL}$ and $C_{RL}$ are large.
From these Figures we also see that the contribution of $C_{LL}$ is
constructive (destructive) when $C_{LL}= \left| C_{10} \right|~(C_{LL}= - \left|
C_{10} \right|)$. The situation for $C_{RL}$ is opposite to the previous case,
{\it i.e.}, its contribution is constructive (destructive) when $C_{LL}= - \left|
C_{10} \right|~(C_{LL}= \left| C_{10} \right|)$. \\
\hspace*{0.5cm}
(ii) For the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decay the situation is similar to
the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ transition, but slightly different.
Namely, in this case the largest contribution comes from $C_{LL}$ and the
contribution of the $C_{RL}$ becomes equal to the contributions that come
from $C_{RR},~C_{LR}$,  and {\it etc.}
This situation can be explained by the fact the term
$\sim (1-v^2)$, which is very small for the muon case, gives destructive
contribution in the SM.

In Fig. 7, we investigate the dependence of the partially
integrated branching ratio ${\cal BR}$ on the new Wilson coefficients. The
range for the integration is chosen $1$~GeV$^2 < q^2 < 8$~GeV$^2$ for the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay and $15$~GeV$^2 < q^2 < 20$~GeV$^2$ for
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ channel, in order to avoid the
long distance contributions due to the $J/\psi$ and its excitations.
For the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ case, it follows from Fig. 7 that
the partially integrated branching ratio ${\cal BR}$ depends strongly
on $C_{LL}$ and $C_{RL}$, but for the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decay
it depends strongly only on $C_{LL}$, which is consistent with
the previous results for $d{\cal BR}/dq^2$.
Dependence on the other coefficients is rather weak.
From these Figures it follows that the contributions of $C_{LL}$ and
$C_{RL}$ to ${\cal BR}$ are positive for $C_{LL}>0$ and $C_{RL}<0$, and
negative for $C_{LL}<0$ and $C_{RL}>0$.

In Figs. 8--10 (Figs. 11--13)
we plot the dependence of the lepton forward--backward  asymmetry on the
new Wilson
coefficients, within the range $-\left| C_{10}\right| \le C_{X} \le \left| C_{10}\right| $,
for the  $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ ($B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$) decay.
The experimental bounds on the  branching ratio of the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the  $B_s \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$
decays \cite{R30} suggest that this is the right order of magnitude range for
the vector and scalar Wilson coefficients.
For the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ case, it follows form Figs. 8--10
that the lepton forward-backward asymmetry is more sensitive to the
$C_{LL},~C_{LR}$ and $C_{RL}$ than to the other $C_{X}$'s.
We emphasize that  when $C_{LL}$ and $C_{LR}$ are positive
then the zero point of
$dA_{FB}/dq^2$ is shifted to the right, and when $C_{LL}$ and $C_{LR}$
are negative, it shifts to the left  from its corresponding SM value.
In other words, the determination of the zero point of the
differential asymmetry tells us not only about the existence of new physics,
but it also can
fix the sign of the new Wilson coefficients. From these Figures, we also see
that the lepton forward--backward asymmetry has a weak dependence on the
other Wilson coefficients.
From Figs. 11--13, we can deduce the following results for the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decay: \\
\hspace*{0.5cm}
(i) Position of the zero value of the $dA_{FB}/dq^2$ for the $B \rightarrow K^\ast
\tau^+ \tau^-$ decay can be useful for extracting only $C_{LR}$. \\
\hspace*{0.5cm}
(ii) The value of the $dA_{FB}/dq^2$ is very sensitive (excluding the
resonance region) to $C_{RR}$ and $C_{LRRL}$. In other words, analyzing the
zero point and magnitude of the $dA_{FB}/dq^2$ allows us in principle to
determine different $C_X$'s.

As we have noted earlier, the experimentally measurable quantities,
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$, $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ and $P_L$, can be useful for
distinguishing the effects of new physics from the ones of the SM.
In Figs. 14--15, we present the dependence of the ratios
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$ and $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ on $C_X$'s for the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decays,
respectively. The main difference compared to the previous analysis is that
the values $\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$ and $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ are more sensitive to the
coefficient $C_{RL}$. (The result for the SM can be obtained by substituting
$C_X=0$.)
From these Figures, we observe that the ratio $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$, when
$C_{RL}$ is varied between -4 and 4, changes between 1 and 4.5. Therefore,
the measurement of this ratio in experiments can yield unambiguous
information about the existence of new physics. In the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decay, the ratio $\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$ is
again more sensitive to the coefficient $C_{RL}$, while the ratio
$\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ is more sensitive to the coefficients $C_{LRLR}$ and
$C_{LRRL}$.

Finally, in Fig. 16 we present the dependence of the longitudinal
polarization  $P_L$ of $\tau$ on the new coefficients $C_X$'s.
We see that  $P_L$ is sensitive to all the coefficients except the
coefficient $C_{LRLR}$.
The dependence of $P_L$ on different coefficients is not the same. For example,
$P_L$ always increases when $C_{RL}$ and $C_{LRRL}$ change in the region
$(-4,~4)$. However, $P_L$ first decreases when
$C_{LL},~C_{LR}$ and $C_{RR}$ increase from -4 to 0, and then  increases
when the coefficients increase from 0 to 4.

To summarize,
in the present work the most general model independent analysis of the
exclusive  $B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay is presented. This
exclusive decay is known to be very clean experimentally and will be
measured at the present asymmetric $B$ factories
and future hadronic $B$ factories, HERA-B, B-TeV and LHC-B. Moreover, the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay is very sensitive to the various
extensions of the Standard Model. We have studied the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay in a model independent manner.
The sensitivity to the new coefficients of the differential and partially
integrated branching ratios, and forward--backward asymmetries are
systematically studied. It is observed that the differential and partially
integrated branching ratio for  $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay is
more strongly dependent on $C_{LL}$ and $C_{RL}$ than on the other $C_{X}$'s.
The reason for such a
strong dependence can be explained by the large interference between the
terms proportional to $(C_9^{eff}$--$C_{10})$ and $C_{LL}~(C_{RL})$.
For $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ case, the partially integrated
differential branching ratio is most sensitive to $C_{LL}$. This situation
can be explained by the fact that the terms $\sim (1-v^2)$ give destructive
contribution and, therefore, the contributions of the terms $\sim C_{RL}$
practically become equal to the contributions from the other coefficients.
From an analysis of the position of the zero value of the lepton
forward--backward
asymmetry we can determine not only the magnitude, but also the sign of the
new Wilson coefficients.

The other experimentally measurable quantities, $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ and
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$, have also been studied. It is found that
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$ and $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ are sensitive to the $C_{RL}$
for the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay.
On the other hand, for the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decay,
$\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$
is more strongly dependent on $C_{RL}$ as in the $B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$
case, while $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ is more sensitive to the coefficients
$C_{LRLR}$ or $C_{LRRL}$.
As the final concluding remark, we state that, from the combined analyses of
partially integrated differential branching ratio, lepton forward--backward
asymmetry and
ratios of $\Gamma_+/\Gamma_-$ and $\Gamma_L/\Gamma_T$ for the
$B \rightarrow K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B \rightarrow K^\ast \tau^+ \tau^-$ decays,
we can unequivocally  determine the existence of new physics beyond the
Standard Model, and in particular
we can obtain  information about the various new Wilson coefficients.
\\

\section*{Acknowledgements}

We sincerely thank G. Cvetic and M. Savc{\i} for useful discussions.
The work of C.S.K. was supported
in part by  grant No. 1999-2-111-002-5 from the Interdisciplinary
Research Program of the KOSEF,
in part by the BSRI Program, Ministry of Education, Project No. 98-015-D00061,
in part by KRF Non-Directed-Research-Fund, Project No. 1997-001-D00111,
and in part by the KOSEF-DFG large collaboration project,
Project No. 96-0702-01-01-2.
The work of Y.G.K. was supported by KOSEF Postdoctoral Program.

\newpage

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text:
Militant defenses collapse in southern Idlib as Syrian army advances
February 25, 2020 - 12:53 AMT
PanARMENIAN.Net - Militants in southern Idlib continue to lose several sites to the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) in the Jabal Al-Zawiya region of the governorate, Al-Masdar News reports.
According to the latest report from the Idlib front, the Syrian army has captured more towns and villages near Kafr Sijnah amid the complete collapse of the militant defenses in the southern part of the governorate.
Among the areas captured by the SAA on Monday, February 24 was the town of Ma'ar Taseen, which was seized by the military approximately two hours ago.
In addition to Ma'ar Taseen, the Syrian army has also captured nearby Jabla and Ma'ar Tamatar in the heart of the Jabal Al-Zawiya region.
The Syrian Arab Army is now steadily advancing towards the town of Kafr Nabl, which is one of the last militant strongholds inside Jabal Al-Zawiya.
Should the militants lose the Jabal Al-Zawiya region, it will be a major blow to their forces in Idlib, as the Syrian Army will essentially be in control of most of the Aleppo-Latakia Highway (M-4).
Archive for February 25, 2020

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text:
Svetlana Vladimirovna Kapanina (), ruska akrobatska pilotka, * 22. december 1968, Ščučinsk, Kazahstan.

Življenjepis
Svetlana, ki so jo že od otroštva zanimali hitri avtomobili, motorji in letala se je po končani osnovni šoli vpisala v srednjo zdravstveno šolo v Celinogradu (danes Astana), in končala smer farmacevtike. Leta 1988 je pri 19 letih je opravila pilotski izpit in začela leteti z letalom Suhoj Su-26M3, obenem pa je opravljala službo tehnika v športnem letalskem klubu v Kurganu. Leta 1991 je postala letalska inštruktorica. Istega leta je bila sprejeta v rusko državno aerobatsko ekipo. Leta 1995 je diplomirala na aeronavtično-tehnični šoli v Kalugi.

Aerobatski dosežki
V ženski kategoriji je postala svetovna aerobatska prvakinja v letih 1996, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 in 2011, s čimer je najuspešnejša aerobatska pilotka vseh časov. Poleg tega je osvojila naslov prvakinje na World Air Games v letih 1997 in 2001.

S pilotoma Mihailom Mamistovom in Olegom Spoljanskijem je leta 2008 osvojila ekipno prvo mesto na 16. evropskem aerobatskem prvenstvu v Hradec Králové (Češka). Na tem prvenstvu je Svetlana osvojila skupno četrto mesto in prvo mesto med ženskami.

Nagrade
 1997 - Diploma Paula Tissandiera, ki jo podeljuje Mednarodna letalska zveza (FAI).
 2005 - medalja Sabihe Gökçen
 2005 - Centenary Medal, ki jo podeljuje FAI.
 2014 - Red hrabrosti, ki ji ga je podelil ruski predsednik Vladimir Putin

Reference

Živeči ljudje
Ruski piloti
Akrobatski piloti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I love cheeseburgers. Going out back and barbecuing some meat to a nice medium well, throw on some cheese, maybe grilled onions, some ketchup. Pop it all on a warmed bun. Delicious. I'm rather fond of making these myself, but will also run over to the local White Rose System (local burgerish dinerish sorta place) and grab a lunch special over there (with cheese) (and they put the onions in the burger). I just love a good cheeseburger.
Now, there are cheeseburgers, and there are CHEESEBURGERS. Good example of the latter... Bobby's Burger Palace. You can get a cheeseburger there, and some typical variations of the cheeseburger (cheddar? Sure. Barbecue sauce? Why not?), but to borrow some culinary terminology from a competitor celebrity chef, the burgers are kicked up a notch with some fancy shmancy combinations (Brunch Burger with a fried egg, smoked bacon and American cheese? And crunchify it with potato chips? Yes, please!). They also run a Burger of the Month (this month is a Napa Valley Burger with goat cheese, Meyer lemon honey mustard and watercress). These are burgers taken to a whole new level, and my are they delicious.
The Stormlight Archive books are the "kicked up" burgers of the fantasy world. In the beginning, with The Way of Kings, it does take some time to read through several points of view through several time periods. But not far in it all just clicks. Brandon Sanderson has built a remarkable world where everything is new and different - the environment, the wildlife, the interaction between humans and nature, between humans and non-humans. The books touch on societal hierarchy, slavery, war. They are emotional, humorous, and mystical. I honestly, don't even want to type much on it, because I want you to stop reading this post and go out and buy these books. Goodreads 5/5.
I put them up in that Kingkiller Chronicles, Lightbringer pantheon of awesome.
I haven't read Lightbringer, but the Kingkiller Chronicle is so far beyond awesome, anything that comes close would have to be terrific.


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Home >Debates >Did the universe have a beginning?
The following are some proofs the the universe began to exist.
The expanding universe: The universe is expanding, which means something had to start the expansion. Since the universe is expanding, the universe had to have come into being from a single point in the past.
The second law of thermodynamics: According to thermodynamics, the universe is slowly running out of usable energy. If the universe had been here forever, it would have run out of usable energy by now.
The cosmic background radiation: We can see that some of the heat has cooled down from the beginning of the universe. Again, this shows the universe had to have began to exist.
Philosophy: Philosophically, the idea of a eternal universe is absurd. If you think about it, if the universe is eternal, then the number of past events in our universe is eternal.
i agree because everything has some where it starts.
Reasons for voting decision: Well, that was simple. Con sort of missed the point of debating - you ARE supposed to oppose your opponent's arguments and actually try to win, you know. This exercise in agreeableness goes squarely to Pro, for actually having made arguments.


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And baby season just won't quit…
My main focus instead has been a juvenile red-tailed hawk, one of this year's babies, who came in Friday thanks to a joint effort by volunteer transporters AJ Rogers and Laurie and Marshall Jackson. He wasn't in great shape—emaciated, dehydrated, lethargic, bad case of frounce—so he had to be rehydrated before even offering food, which had to be small, frequent meals. And of course, we had to start treatment for frounce and I usually, as a precautionary measure, start treatment for capillaria, as well. He was perching on a low perch by sundown, which was a good sign.
Saturday, he continued to progress, even taking very small whole mice by that evening. This morning, however, after eating and being medicated, he slumped to the bottom of his box. When he made no attempt after an hour to get back on his perch, I replaced it with a "doughnut", where he spent all day. Late in the afternoon he vomited up a foul-smelling brown sludge—no mouse bits in it at all—and seemed more alert afterwards but still made no attempt to stand or perch. He is still taking food, though, so we'll just have to continue to play it by ear with him and keep our fingers crossed.
This adult great-crested flycatcher was also a transfer from Libby, who did alert me to his back-story. He was cat-attacked and while neither wing is broken, he cannot gain any altitude when he attempts to fly. This is typical with a coracoid fracture—similar to a collarbone fracture in humans. Sometimes these fractures heal to allow flight; sometimes not. We'll just have to give him time. He is eagerly self-feeding, which these types of birds don't always do in rehab when they're adults, so he's at least got that going for him!
When callers said they'd picked up a dove from the side of the road and could "see meat" it didn't sound promising. When they arrived with the bird, her poor throat was ripped open and her breast feathers stripped away. They asked if she'd been hit by a car but this looked to me more like a young and inexperienced hawk had been spooked by traffic before he finished his meal. It's that time of year. There was nothing to be done for this poor dove but end her suffering. The photo below, which is quite graphic, was taken after euthanasia.
The mallard continues to grow apace and has about another two weeks, maybe slightly less, before he's good for release. Managed a really good close-up of those adorable duck feet this week!
The screech is about halfway through his molt; the feathers at the front of his head are growing back in nicely, so he doesn't look so scalped now!
In the songbird flight, one house finch has been released; the other is getting close. The three mockers are almost ready for release, and the brown thrasher and bluebirds whose flight feathers were damaged waaay back at the end of May—remember them?—are FINALLY going through a juvenal molt and I'm starting to see some feather regrowth! Nobody in the flight is overly fond of the camera, so no decent shots of them this week; will keep trying for next week.
And while we did surpass our goal on the fundraiser, I'm keeping it active till the end of the month, as originally scheduled, in case anyone wants to make a last-minute donation.
Good job as always. Love the duck feet!
Thanks, Maureen. Duck feet are just too cute, huh?!


BMW's brilliant new 3-series has just moved the game forward.
Always admired, regularly copied, but almost never bettered, BMW's 3-series is a car that defines the term 'compact sport saloon'. And there's a good reason for it. BMW practically invented the class back in the 1980s, and it hasn't looked in the rear view mirror since. But what is it that makes these cars so special, what part of the gene pool was introduced when, and just how did the 3-series evolve into what it is today? Well, frankly, there is only one proper way to find out – get all the generations of the 3-series together, drive them back to back and form your own impressions. And that's just what we did.
Of course, there are some basic fundamental characteristics that all 3-series share. First up, they are all rear-wheel drive. That, of course, stems from the driver-centric approach to engineering the car which, as BMW's legendary boss Eberhard von Kuenheim put it "is quite simply the key issue". All of them use variations of the kidney grille and double-barrel headlights all were built using the best technology available at the time, and every single one of them has a steering wheel that talks to you. But are these cars really as good as "Propellerheads' make them out to be?
with its bold straight lines, sunken-in quad headlamps and muscular skinning, the E30 looks just as stunning even today, 30 years down the road. The C pillar does looks a bit thin, the glasshouse may be a touch too upright, and it should have come with better wheels, but apart from that, this car is seriously droolworthy. But get behind the wheel for even a few minutes and you will forget the looks. It's not that the functional interiors are out of this world, or that the cabin is particularly alluring. What gets you instantly is just how driver-focussed this car really is. This 325i's straight six is truly one of the landmark BMW motors. It starts with a boom, throttle responses are both elastic and muscular, and the tall gear leaver and light, precise gate allow you flick-shift your way up and down the gearbox. There's plenty of punch even at low engine speeds (unlike some recent emissions and efficiency-hobbled BMW straight sixes), the light and compact body allows the 3 to take off like a scalded cat, and the howling motor just loves to spin. The best bit, however, is the simply delicious handling, derived from the light, compact rear-wheel-drive chassis. It always seems beautifully poised in corners, however hard you are going. The weight of the car seems in the right place in a corner, and the steering is so communicative, well weighted and connected, it just makes you grin. Grip levels aren't as high as on some modern cars, but that only adds to the real-wheel-drive fun. The car you see here belongs to editor Hormazd, who says he just can't drive it slowly. Of course he can't, this car's a party animal!
Bigger, slightly more angular and a lot more grown up, the E36 was just as sensational as the E30 was when it was launched. There was more space on the inside, the car came packed with plenty of newfangled electronic gizmos and, all things considered, this car just felt a size bigger. And BMW customer loved that. BMW dealers at the time were shocked – customers would just walk in and lace an order for the car, no questions asked. Even today it feels quite spacious and comfortable, and is surprisingly nice to drive too. Especially when you consider that this particular car is a 316i, with just 1600cc and 101bhp. A large number of these 316s were imported in to India, many of them by diamond merchants, so much so that this 3 is even known in some circles as the diamond merchant 3-series'. The steering is nice and direct, the well placed controls function beautifully and there isn't really much to criticise. It's just that driver-focussed character of the E30 is missing; this car just doesn't have that X factor all other 3-series seem to possess, and it doesn't beg to be driven hard. Its demeanour is nice and relaxed, and that makes it stand out as something a bit different from the rest of the bunch. The looks haven't aged gracefully either. The wedge shape may have been ice cool in the '90s, as were the lamps behind the single piece of glass, it's just that they don't have the same sort of appeal these days.
In contrast, the E46 looks much more attractive. BMW no longer wanted the 3 to be bigger, at least visually, and so the compact, tight-fitting Livi's 501 look made a return. The snug bonnet is set well inside the bulging front fenders, a confident crease flies back from the front wheel arch and, with a spoiler built into the boot, you just know this car means business. BMW chose to use a disproportionately wide track, there were now anti-roll bars on both axles, weight distribution was 50:50 and up to 40 digital control systems were employed. The insides of the car are just as sporty. This car's dash pioneered that clean, smoothened over look for BMW and the steering wheel is the focal point of the design. The build of the car is typically BMW, light but tough. Firing up the 325i's straight six and setting off into traffic instantly reveals something else; this car feels as modern as something launched this year. The motor is butter smooth, the ride is noiseless and reasonably comfortable, and the car steer with a slack-free directness that can only come with an insane level of dedication to driving dynamics. And take a few corners and you just know this car wants to dance; it seems to possess the agility of a gymnast. The E46 was also one of the first BMWs we road tested at Autocar India. Officially imported by BMW's we road tested at Autocar India. Officially imported by BMW dealer Navnit Motor, I remember being blown away by the otherworldly driving manners of this 3. And that feeling of amazements is still here today. The steering responds directly, as does the straight six, and the chassis feels so good, it's like you've been injected with a big shot of confidence. Decades down the road engineers might put thought-controlled cars on the road. Until then, however, this is the next best thing.
Say 3-series and this is the car most of us think of. It's the 3 BMW officially came to India with, and this mint 325i seems to have everything we remember the car for. This is certainly the most muscular looking 3 of them all, the E90's lines owing much to Yankee designer Chris Bangle. The flow of convex and concave shapes dominates the flanks and bonnet, the 'long bonnet, short overhang' theme has been stretched to the extreme and, though this was Bangle's least controversial car, it still didn't sit well with everyone. I reacquaint myself with the high-quality cabin, the low-slung seats and BMW's turbine under the hood. And it's a jet engine alright. It has the same muted whine, the same initial reluctance to respond to a request for power and the same glassy smoothness even when wound to 7000rpm. Yes, the slow-to-respond bottom end can get a bit infuriating, but once it gets into its stride the manner in which this motor pulls to the redline is just uncanny. Rumour had it BMW mixed some Bavarian honey in with the engine oil. The motor that BMW rode all the way up to 5200rpm; what a star. The early E90s were also out-and-out drivers' cars. The steering was just as good as their predecessors, grip from the front end was unshakeable, and the stiff rear meant this car darted from one apex to the next like a go kart. Similarties with go karts didn't end there, however, as the E90 felt like it had no suspension. Ride quality was so hard you needed a cast iron bottom to take on our roads. BMW then, in an effort to improve things, softened it too much, before eventually getting it right. However, the ultimate E90 wasn't the 325i, but the larger and more powerful 330i. But remember, if you want one, BMW introduced electric steering during the last year or so of production, which makes getting the perfect E90 something of a challenge.
The new F30 takes the ethos of the 3-series even further, but at the same time manage to appeal to a wider audience as well. For a star there's more space on the inside. Also the ride is comfortable, if slightly noisy, and feature-wise there's everything here you'd expect on a 5-series. iDrive is standard, the driver can choose between Eco Pro, Comfort, Sport and Sport + modes at the touch of a button, and phone connectivity has been taken to the next level. But despite being larger, the F30 manages to be lighter. The two models launched in India, the 328i and the 320d, both get eight-speed gearboxes, but the best bit is that BMW hasn't lost that driver focus. The steering may be electric, but it is among the best around, and the car's agility and willingness to turn are second to phone This is a fun, fun car just like its predecessors. The slightly coarser-sounding, four-cylinder 328i replaces the 320i, and that means and bye-bye to two cylinderand hello to a twin-scroll turbo. But amaginly performance is even stronger and the car is just as much fun. And who says we won't get the turbo six-spot 335i – now that would be something else, wouldn't it?


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To be a Nurse
Democratic Republic Of Congo And The Imf Economics Essay
The IMF have support the Democratic Republic of Congo with a debt alleviation of $ 12.3 billion, this act had help many in the Cardinal African state economic system. World Bank 's manager of Congo, Marie Francoise Marie-Nelly has said that it would be a changing way for the DRC, in an email statement. Two yearss ago Congo, celebrated its independency of the fiftieth day of remembrance from Belgium, has been seeking to make its debt under the HIPC implemented by the IMF and World Bank is cancelled. These do non include the future debt service duties, the alleviation which is deserving $ 7.9 billion. The proclamation is announced after the state 's Independence Day, because Canada has sought hold in the Board of Directors discussed, who is said by a World Bank functionary. The Canada refrains in the ballot today, harmonizing to a cryptonym.
The group of Eight industrialised state, there is a statement which is released at the June 26 after a meeting which is hosted by the Canada in the Huntsville, Ontario, they had review on the " the illegal user of the trade with the resources from the DRC, which is Democratic Republic of Congo. The manager of external dealingss of the IMF is Caroline Atkinson declares they took really serious of all the issues of the authorities.
Harmonizing to the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , this twelvemonth they estimated the Congo 's gross domestic merchandise is at $ 12.6 billion. Based on the United State authorities figures, account for 47 % of its export, and China is the biggest trade spouse of the state. The statement had said that, the Democratic Republic of the Congo will non confront any of the jobs of the load that have heavy debt relation to their income and foreign exchange resources.
The IMF had mentioned in their web site in order to acquire their debt relieve machine rifle, the states have to run into the state of affairs which is under the poorness decrease through the policy alterations and turn out a " good track-record over clip. " Marie-Nelly had said that to better the administration, IMF should beef up the regulation of jurisprudence in peculiar sector which is in the oil and excavation the sector. To better the concern clime, is besides of import to macroeconomic policy direction.
From the transition we can cognize that, International Monetary Fund and World Bank decided to back up the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the debt relive worth $ 12.3 billion on the June of 30 and 1st of July.
This determination was have the permission under Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative ( HIPC ) .When reached the HIPC Initiative 's in the completion phase, the Democratic Republic of the Congo besides entitled for debt alleviation. This is under the direction of MDRI which is Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative.
Brian Ames, the mission caput of the IMF for the Democratic Republic of the Congo says it will exhibit the of import advancement if reaches the completion point of HIPC, the constitution in beef uping macroeconomic policy direction and public presentation over the past few old ages, made after a decades-long struggle that destroyed the destructive state 's economic and societal substructure.
Besides he besides added that He added that to make the completion point of HIPC conditions to supply a policy model and reform of the governments, to steer them in the higher attempt of stableness of economic fortunes, issue restrictions in the direction of public fiscal and economic, and therefore reform of societal sector.
The IMF and World Bank Executive Boards had decided that, they will bring forth a sum of $ 12.3billion of debt alleviation ( $ 7.9 present value of the future debt duties discounted billion ) , of which 111 million was under the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, and 12 billion in many-sided debt alleviation enterprise is 100 million The entire debt nest eggs. Entire debt alleviation from the IMF 's 491 million U.S. dollars, from 1.8 billion U.S. dollars International Development Agency, is expected from the balance of the functionary and commercial creditors.
The debt alleviation releases the excess beginnings will help in the fiscal planning for disbursement on the plans such as substructure and edifices. The decreasing in the sum of the debt load of the state will heighten the investing activities.
From struggle to Reconstruction
Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo is rich with the natural resources the state still remains one the poorest states in Africa. This is because the societal and economic substructure had been destroyed by the incorrect direction of economic and a big struggle and restricted its execution advancement of the United Nations.
The state had undergone an of import advancement in the political and economic reform since 2001. Attempts to advance national rapprochement, a 10-year-old struggle in the terminal and a transitional authorities were established in 2003, eventually caused the first democratic authorities election. The election procedure occurs one time four old ages. On the economic forepart, prudent macroeconomic policies critical structural reforms has aid to reconstruct assurance, to re-establish economic growing, hyperinflation and tame.
Strong reform attempt
The DRC continued on the route of develop the economic and reconstruct which is guided by its ECF-supported plan and despite the planetary fiscal crisis. In 2009, a crisp diminution in export monetary values and decelerating external demand keep economic growing and rising prices after a crisp rise at the same clip, the Congolese franc depreciated aggressively seeable, the U.S. dollar. However, governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and continues to implement sound macroeconomic policies, to advance in the past 12 months of structural reforms.
As we all know Congo is a hapless state and have many debt did n't to work out it. Through this article we had know that the IMF and World Bank have support the debt alleviation to Congo as much of $ 12.3 billion. This will assist more the Congo on the economic and reduces the rate of poorness in that state. This alleviation had reduced the debt of DRC by higher than 80 % . Here have some image to demo that poorness in the Congo before debt relive signifier the IMF and World Bank.
This image demo that a adult female and her kid suffer from hungriness.
The Congo villagers suffer from war.
The kid and grownup hope that they and their kid
can be go school to accept more instruction.
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Strandtown is a district of Belfast. It is in the east of the city, in the BT4 postcode area, lying south of the City Airport and north of the Newtownards Road.

The author C.S. Lewis (1898–1963) lived in the district as a child from 1905 to 1908, at a house called "Little Lea". He later moved to England and achieved fame with a wide range of fiction books, mostly notably The Chronicles of Narnia.

Facilities in the Strandtown area include Strandtown Primary School, Strand Arts Centre and Connswater Community Greenway.

References

Geography of Belfast
Civil parish of Holywood


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Ariana Proehl
I believe in seeking knowledge of self, questioning "the way it is," social justice, mentoring, dreaming BIG, dark chocolate with nuts & sea salt, sarcasm, The Wire, and Prince.
I create media and lead conversations that empower people to transform personal change into social change.
I envision a world where every person is able to develop a healthy self-esteem & has equal access to resources to build their dreams, and our media, policies and institutions all support those goals.
I'm the Founder + Curator of Know This! TV, and Founder of production company Dream Variations, Inc.
I'm also the Creator, Producer & Host of Know This! with Ariana.
I travel. I speak. I write. I challenge. I empower. I serve. I honor why + how I'm possible. And I try my damnedest every day to fully be and love me.
Ariana Proehl is a social entrepreneur, media maker and change agent. She is the founder and curator of Know This! TV online network, and producer and host of its flagship talk show, Know This! with Ariana. Named one of the Women's Media Center's "Progressive Women's Voices" of 2011, Ariana's passion for personal development work, roots in social justice education and young, fresh appeal, make her a fierce voice of this generation, empowering people to make lasting change in themselves, and in the world.
With a resume including work in non-profit, government, philanthropy, self-empowerment and the arts, Ariana is an expert at bridging the personal with the political, calling attention to the powerful connections between making both personal change and social change. She is a former Executive Director of youth development and diversity education organization DiversityWorks, a role she took on at 22. Her leadership garnered recognition by the East Bay Business Times as one of their "Top 40 Under 40" in 2006 and by the Center for Young Women's Development with their Cheyenne Bell Leadership Award the same year.
Following graduate work at New York University's Wagner School of Public Service, in 2011 she founded Dream Variations, Inc., a production company specializing in online and documentary media that educates, entertains and empowers. In the Fall of 2011, Ariana toured 14 cities in the U.S. with Know This!, interviewing next generation voices doing work with passion and purpose in various industries to help popularize and highlight positive contributions that often get overshadowed in mainstream media.
Ariana has spoken to audiences across the country, including Yale, Cornell University, Mills College, Texas Southern University, and New York University, and interviewed such figures as Soledad O'Brien, Cornel West, actress/activist Rosario Dawson, rising star actress & producer Issa Rae, and Grammy Award-winning musician Esperanza Spalding.


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British PM sends Spring Festival message to Chinese
[Editor: huaxia]
LONDON, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- On the eve of the upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year, British Prime Minister Theresa May on Thursday sent her wishes to those celebrating the festival worldwide through the government's website, pledging to further develop the UK-China relations.
May said the Year of the Rooster is set to be particularly for the relationship between Britain and China, as the starting point of bilateral relations is stronger than ever before.
Recalling the "historic" state visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Britain in October 2015, May said the two countries are seeing rapid development of bilateral ties.
"We receive more Chinese investment than any other major European country. We've got around 150,000 Chinese students studying here and the number of Chinese tourists visiting has doubled in five years," she said.
As both countries are permanent members of the UN Security Council, May said Britain and China are working together on the most pressing global issues.
As 2017 marks the 20th anniversary of the return of Hong Kong to China and the 45th anniversary of the establishment of the ambassadorial relations between Britain and China, May said she hoped both countries will further their ties in various fields.
"I want us to take this chance to build on all the ties we share -- in business, diplomacy, education, tourism and culture," said the prime minister.
May said she looks forward to making another visit to China, following her trip to Hangzhou to attend the G20 summit last year, which was her first visit outside Europe as prime minister and her first meeting with President Xi.
Furthermore, the prime minister praised the British Chinese community for their "enormous" contribution to the British society.
"The Rooster -- the Fire Rooster -- represents so many of the characteristics we need to employ in that endeavor: openness, confidence, hard work and leadership," May said. "Indeed, they are characteristics demonstrated day in, day out by the British Chinese community."
"As the lanterns are lit and the dumplings are served, let me wish you and your family, wherever you are, a very happy and healthy New Year," she said, before concluding her message in Chinese: "Xin Nian Kuai Le (Happy New Year)!"
Source: Xinhua | 2017-01-26 11:33:53 | Editor: huaxia
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text:
Innocenty, imię świeckie: Innokientij Aleksiejewicz Letiajew (ur. 7 czerwca 1882 w Bijsku- zm. w 1937) – rosyjski biskup prawosławny.

W 1907 złożył wieczyste śluby mnisze, po czym został wyświęcony na hierodiakona. Dwa lata później ukończył Kazańską Akademię Duchowną z tytułem kandydata nauk teologicznych i został wyświęcony na hieromnicha. Od 1913 był przełożonym monasteru św. Włodzimierza w Irkucku oraz kierownikiem seminarium nauczycielskiego w Irkucku. Od 1914 do 1921 wykonywał analogiczną pracę w seminarium w Połtawie.

7 listopada 1921 został wyświęcony na biskupa klińskiego, wikariusza eparchii moskiewskiej. W roku następnym przystąpił do Żywej Cerkwi i z polecenia Wyższego Zarządu Cerkiewnego objął katedrę jekatierinosławską. Już w 1923 duchowny zerwał z Żywą Cerkwią i złożył akt pokutny, by wrócić do Patriarchatu Moskiewskiego. Od 1923 do 1926 był biskupem stawropolskim i kubańskim, zaś od 1926 do 1927 - krasnodarskim i kubańskim. Od października do listopada był wikariuszem eparchii jarosławskiej i rostowskiej, zaś od listopada do 1927 do 1932 - biskupem podolskim, wikariuszem eparchii moskiewskiej. Od 1932 do 1935 kierował eparchią włodzimierską i suzdalską.

W 1935 objął zarząd eparchii charkowskiej. Aresztowany w 1936, w 1937 został oskarżony o "uczestnictwo w kontrrewolucyjnej wojskowo-szpiegowskiej dywersyjno-terrorystycznej organizacji i przygotowaniach do powstania przeciw władzy radzieckiej", a następnie skazany na śmierć i rozstrzelany. Miejsce jego pochówku jest nieznane. W 1989 w pełni zrehabilitowany.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
Biogram w bazie prawosławia rosyjskiego

Urodzeni w 1882
Zmarli w 1937
Więźniowie radzieckich więzień
Straceni przez rozstrzelanie
Ofiary prześladowań antyprawosławnych w Związku Radzieckim
Eparchia moskiewska
Biskupi stawropolscy
Biskupi krasnodarscy
Eparchia jarosławska
Absolwenci Kazańskiej Akademii Duchownej
Biskupi włodzimierscy i suzdalscy
Biskupi charkowscy
Ludzie urodzeni w Bijsku


All parents want the best for their children. If you suspect your child is experiencing developmental delays, you might wonder how you can help them get what they need to be successful. It all starts with educating yourself on what developmental delay looks like, what to do next, and how to manage an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, if needed.
We have assembled a collection of resources from trusted sources that you can use to learn more about important these topics and more, plus groups where you can meet parents like you.
This list is a good place to start, but we know there is more out there. Have you found another resource you recommend adding to this page? Email us at contact@neuropointdx.com or reach out to us on Facebook or Twitter.
What does developmental delay look like?
How can I get the NPDX ASD test now?
Feeling lost? Our list of terms and definitions used on this page and throughout the site can help.


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€5.7 million pan-European Project to Provide Insight into the Cellular Origins of Disease Commences
SiriusXT's SXT-100 soft x-ray microscope. (Source: SiriusXT).
- Scientists at leading European virology research organisations aim to demonstrate how imaging the whole internal structure of intact biological cells provides valuable information to understand the disease pathways of viruses and to aid the development of novel therapeutics
CoCID (Compact Cell Imaging Device), a €5.7 million, four-year, pan-European research and innovation project, funded through Horizon 2020, has officially commenced. CoCID is focused on the development of a soft X-ray-based methodology that enables fast and inexpensive three-dimensional imaging of whole internal structure of intact biological cells.
The objective of CoCID is to develop a lab-scale, soft X-ray microscope, which can be used as a research tool to help scientists to understand the cellular origin of diseases.
The benefits of this compact imaging device will be demonstrated through a series of virology use cases that enable researchers to decipher critical changes in cell morphology induced by viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, in their host cell with the aim to identify possible targets for therapy suppressing virus replication and/or cellular responses of relevance to the virus.
The CoCID project is being co-ordinated by University College Dublin (UCD) with project partners; Heidelberg University Hospital and the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, in Germany, the University of Jyväskylä, in Finland; the National Centre for Biotechnology and the Alba Synchrotron, in Spain along with SiriusXT, a UCD spin-out company that is licensing miniaturised light source technology from UCD to develop the microscope.
"Soft x-ray microscopy (SXM) is an extremely exciting, potentially game changing technique that will allow us to visualise virally infected cells in exquisite detail," said Assistant Professor Nicola Fletcher, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine.
She added, "We will use it to investigate the mechanisms by which the hepatitis E virus, an emerging infectious disease that is transmitted to humans from infected animals, infects cells from different species. The ultimate aim is to explore new treatment options for this important viral infection."
Professor Ralf Bartenschlager, a Molecular Virologist at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg commented, "as a virologist working on how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with and alters its host cell, we will greatly benefit from the development of a soft X-ray microscope that allows us to gain unprecedented insights into this intimate interaction. We have previously used several imaging technologies to address the question of host cell reprogramming by viruses, but each technique has its limitations."
Dr Pablo Gastaminza, a Principal Investigator in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the Spanish National Research Council said, "We have successfully used the synchrotron-based cryo-SXM for visualising the alterations in cellular organelle morphology and distribution associated with the replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. A compact, lab-based microscope would simplify the sophisticated infrastructure while providing new opportunities for a broader use of cryo-SXM as a complementary approach to other microscopy techniques."
"SXM will provide an excellent tool for our studies of intranuclear interactions of oncolytic herpes simplex virus," said Dr Maija Vihinen-Ranta, a Virologist and a Principal Investigator at the University of Jyväskylä.
She added "Importantly, the correlative approach, where SXM is combined with fluorescent microscopy, can be used to incorporate the molecular localization of labeled data, e.g. chromatin, capsids, cellular proteins, into a 3D SXM reconstruction of an infected cell."
Dr Eva Pereiro, a Principal Beamline Scientist, at the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, stated "There are only a few cryo-SXT beamlines operating worldwide and therefore the access to the technique is quite restricted compared to other fields. Having laboratory systems which can deliver comparable results, although at a fixed energy, would allow the community to grow much faster and would enable the field to deliver better competitive science."
"I find the potential of soft x-ray microscopy tremendous. It is like a medical CT scan but instead of a patient, single cells are imaged at the nanometer level," said Dr Venera Weinhardt, a cell imaging expert from the Centre for Organismal Studies at the University of Heidelberg. She added "Project CoCID will help demonstrate the benefits of making this amazing technology available as a laboratory device, ubiquitous in all biomedical research laboratories."
"This project award not only helps fund the advancement of our SXT-100 microscope", said Tony McEnroe, CEO and co-founder of SiriusXT, "it also allows us to collaborate closely with European leaders in virology research to demonstrate the benefits of soft x-ray microscopy in progressing their understanding of pathogen infection pathways."
For further information contact Micéal Whelan, Communications and Media Relations Manager, UCD Research and Innovation, e: miceal.whelan@ucd.ie, t: + 353 1 716 3712 or e: info@SiriusXT.com.
CoCID is an EU Horizon 2020 funded project, awarded to Proposal 101017116 under call ICT-36-2020, an initiative of the Photonics Public Private Partnership (www.photonics21.org), which challenged applicants to develop advanced photonics technologies that have the potential to revolutionise an existing application sector or to create completely new applications and markets.
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text:
L'Ordinance of Labourers (1349) (Ordenança dels treballadors) és un text legal de l'Anglaterra medieval que sovint es considera el punt d'inici del dret laboral anglès. Específicament fixa salaris i imposa un control de preus, requereix que tothom que estigui per sota dels 60 anys treballi, prohibeix captar els serfs dels altres senyors i altres temes.

L'Ordinance es va emetre en resposta a les conseqüències demogràfiques i laborals de la Pesta negra (1348-1350) a Anglaterra. S'ha estimat que per aquesta malaltia morí entre el 30-40% de la població europea. Els treballadors que van sobreviure van demanar una millora de les condicions laborals.

Els terratinents es resistien a acceptar els salaris més alts i hi va haver una gran inflació dels preus.

Aquesta llei va ser emesa pel rei Eduard III d'Anglaterra el 18 de juny de 1349. Tanmateix no va ser gaire efectiva i va haver de ser reforçada amb un Estatut dels Treballadors (Statute of Labourers) l'any 1351.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Complete text of the Ordinance of Labourers, 1349, from Sources of British History
 Complete text of the Ordinance of Labourers, 1349, from Fordham University

Fonts del dret històriques
Dret laboral
Anglaterra


This was our programme for the weekend of 15th & 16th October 2005 - it's just here for reference.
International dance party. No matter what level of experience you have, come and enjoy dances from all over the world introduced and lead by Anne Leach to the music of exuberant international dance band Cloudburst. No need to bring a partner, just come along and have fun!
Free Sing-Around, hosted by Gerry Milne.
The festival becomes a carnival with a spectacular programme of Latin-American dance and traditions. A wonderfully atmospheric night with lots of opportunity to join in!