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Home →IT News & Trends →Small Victories
By Elizabeth Wasserman | Posted 08-19-2002	Print
"In federal government today, we have at least 6,600 systems, because we have 6,600 forms that have to be put online. Somebody else told me it's really 26,000. So we may have 6,600 forms and 26,000 computer systems. That's a lot. We've only got 32 lines of business. How do you go from that to tens of thousands of systems, 33 million-plus Web pages and 23,000-plus Web sites? We've got a redundancy problem. There's just no doubt about it."
Mark Forman, White House director, IT and e-government; and director, federal CIO Council
Are any of Stenbit's efforts bearing fruit? Just ask Maj. Alan Dye, stationed some 1,500 miles from Washington, D.C., at Fort Hood, a U.S. Army base in central Texas. It used to take Dye weeks, if not months, to apply for a promotion: He'd have to write a letter to the Army personnel office, request a copy of his records, then wait days or weeks to review his data on microfiche file and reader. This time around, though, all Dye had to do was to log onto his PC, download his file from the Army's new $31.9 million intranet portal, Army Knowledge Online, and print it out. The whole process took seconds. The portal, a key component of the Army Knowledge Management project, is available to 1.2 million active and retired service personnel. It offers Web-based e-mail, news, banking information and some 8,000 links to classified and unclassified data, depending on one's log-in code. And the payoffs in savings so far have been enormous. The Army Personnel Command, for example, has been able to cut the number of network servers from more than 4,000 to just 43, saving the Army $28 million, says Cathy Michaliga, AKM director.
And that's not all. Now, servicemen and women are told via the Web when they need a dental checkup to qualify for deployment. Fast access to the health status of soldiers is a must for commanders in the event of a defense crisis: Each soldier must first have a clean bill of health. During the Gulf War, it could take up to a week for a commander to clear each recruit; AKO crunches that time to no more than one hour.
The Air Force is also developing its own intranet, consolidating hundreds of disparate legacy systems at 110 bases—from San Antonio to Okinawa—into one master Web access point. That enables pilots to, say, update the repair status of their jet fighters, check the latest weather forecasts and find directions to the local base commissary. The Navy and the Marines, meanwhile, are building an intranet to replace 200 different shore-based networks by 2008. Under a unique outsourcing contract for $6.9 billion awarded in October, the Navy Marine Corps Intranet will be owned and operated by Electronic Data Systems Corp. and will be leased back by the Navy in a way that requires it to pay for intranet service just as it does electricity.
The NMCI project, Stenbit says, is being closely watched by other government agencies as a potential model for government outsourcing. Says Navy Deputy CIO David Wennergren: "What I want to buy is performance rather than infrastructure." Even the GAO's Hite applauds the project's potential. "It's like a Sears Roebuck catalog," he says. "You order the service you need and pay as you go."
Down the road in Stenbit's push for what he calls a more "network-centric" organization is a plan—not unlike those in business everywhere—to get the Pentagon's back-office technologies to inform front-office strategies—in this case, the commanders and the generals. One of those projects involves using satellite communications to coordinate airborne intelligence and reconnaissance with troops on the ground or at sea. The system, according to Brig. Gen. Stephen Ferrell, the DoD's Space Architect, would use space lasers to zap information between commanders-in-chief and the different military services.
Wiring that up not only helps execute military strategy, it also helps keep track of who is where. Stenbit's Defense Integrated Military Human Resources System would replace 88 different personnel and payroll systems and consolidate the tracking of military personnel from basic training to retirement under one system. In Afghanistan, for example, each time troops were deployed, the joint task force commander had trouble keeping the troop records straight. Under each commander were a mix of people from the Marine Corps, Army, Navy and Air Force. But each of those branches had a different personnel system and needed different IT personnel to coordinate records for payroll and in case of injury. Other agencywide projects include computer systems that secure classified communications, book travel and provide reimbursement.
Can it all work? It's a lot to keep track of, and IT—whether in the Pentagon or throughout government—suffers a credibility problem on Capitol Hill: Some estimate the number of redundant computer systems in operation by the federal government, as a whole, at 6,600; others estimate closer to 26,000, according to Mark Forman, the Bush Administration's IT czar. There's also a stormy history of federal IT projects gone awry. The "poster child" of wasted IT effort: the Internal Revenue Service's Tax Systems Modernization program, which cost more than $3 billion before being killed in 1997.
But one thing has become clear in the past 12 months, at least at the Pentagon: Fixing IT systems isn't just a low-priority peacetime mantra left over from the closing days of the Cold War, when the enemy was more predictable and low-tech, and the battleground, geographically isolated. Now the threat is digital as well as land-based, triggering the need for fundamental change.
In a speech to students at National Defense University in January, Rumsfeld told students worried about another terrorist attack on American soil that all the high-tech weapons in the world won't transform the armed services "unless we also transform the way we think, the way we train, the way we exercise and the way we fight." And, he might have added, the way the Pentagon does business.
Elizabeth Wasserman is a Washington, D.C.-based writer. Formerly, she was Washington Bureau Chief for The Industry Standard.


The Transit Coalition has been keeping watch on the quality of life in the agricultural villages east of Indio in the southeastern Coachella Valley. Linked together by SunLine transit buses, numerous substandard mobile home parks and housing can be found throughout the area. One major development, the Desert Mobile Home Park (aka. Duroville) could be once described as a third-world slum housing up to 4,000-6,000 people all within a square mile. The federal government finally ordered the trailer park to close. Duroville and other trailer parks house the region's agricultural workers. If you've ever eaten locally grown grapes or similar produce, chances are they could have been harvested by these laborers who work in blazing heat, only to come home in a hot and stuffy trailer. Their wages are low enough where renting an apartment or a room is out of the question.
Harvey Duro, Duroville's operator, had plans to improve the living conditions of the trailer park, but claimed resources were instead spent on legal fees. According to local reports, most of Duroville's residents relocated to a new trailer development, Mountain View Estates, with the help of Riverside County. Concerns over the mass relocation of Duroville's residents were therefore averted, but getting to that point was far from smooth sailing in regards to securing public funding.
Fair-minded individuals recognize that taxpayer-funded redevelopment agencies are certainly debatable statewide, but there is no question that this agricultural region is neither an entitlement nor a me-myself-and-I society. The majority of residents here are hard-working farmworkers working in intense heat to provide for their children and give us the produce we eat. Numerous local non-profit organizations have been gracious enough to step in and help fix up the housing conditions in this area. To be fair, the region does need to be policed better to combat drug-related crimes and debates need to continue for solutions to improve wages with additional service-sector jobs, but nobody who works all day in 110 degree heat should be subject to come home without air conditioning or clean water.


Wow – it's been almost a year since I last wrote! Not to make excuses, but this has been a very hectic year for me… In July last year I took on the role of Director of Studies for our global masters programme in Health Informatics – and it's been great. A lot more contact with both current and prospective students, as well as with our alumni. But of course quite time consuming. As if this wasn't enough – we also decided to give a MOOC on eHealth! MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course, and at least the work load for preparing the course was MASSIVE.


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Gogo adds faster 4G inflight Internet for clients with their own planes
Gogo Business Aviation in Broomfield is speeding up its in-air Internet — but only for business clients.
Noted: Inflight Internet provider Gogo said Wednesday that it is rolling out what it calls 4G service. But don't expect it on passenger planes yet. This 4G service is coming out of Broomfield, home to Gogo's Business Aviation division. It targets business aircraft, or planes owned by corporations. (Gogo's passenger-airline business is based in Chicago).
Gogo's Internet service relies on a network of wireless cell towers on the ground. The new service will also use 802.11ac, or the latest Wi-Fi technology.
Officials could not offer an estimate of how much faster or better the Internet service will be. Gogo spokesman Tom Myers said, "We don't have any great way to quantify the difference right now, but it's several times more capable." Read more…
Comments Off on Gogo adds faster 4G inflight Internet for clients with their own planes
Sprint ties for best mobile performance in Denver after 4 years at bottom
Sprint ties with Verizon for first place in mobile performance for Denver.
After coming in dead last for four years, Sprint tied with Verizon for best overall mobile performance in Denver, according to a new report by researcher RootMetrics.
RootMetrics — which conducted more than 20,000 voice, data and texting tests in the last few days of August — gave Sprint the highest marks for network speeds and data. But all the carriers did well, which is "great news for mobile users," said the researcher. The four networks, which also include T-Mobile and AT&T, tied in the network reliability score with all earning scores above 97 out of 100.
Reliability, however, is just one piece of why consumers stick with a mobile service, said Annette Hamilton, RootMetrics' director of marketing communications. Read more…
Verizon edges out T-Mobile for 'top performing' wireless network in Denver
Verizon Wireless took the top spot in an semi-annual test of wireless service by RootMetrics, a research firm that conducts real-world tests of mobile phone service.
But Verizon got the top honor just barely. According to the score, Verizon came in with a performance score of 96.6, compared to T-Mobile's 96.1. With the scores so close, RootMetrics called it a tie.
"We're seeing strong scores for network reliability across all four carriers in Denver," Bill Moore, RootMetrics CEO, said in a statement. "With Verizon and T-Mobile neck-and-neck for distinction as most reliable network in the area, and AT &T and Sprint close behind, the competition is tight and that's great news for mobile consumers."
The company tests locations twice a year, using smartphones purchased off-the-shelf — just like consumers. For the study, the company performed 25,492 data, call and text tests in the Denver area. The score tallied up results in those three service areas to come up with its rankings (the higher the score, the better the consumer experience):
1 – Verizon (96.6)
1 – T-Mobile (96.1)
3 – AT &T (93.9)
4 – Sprint (92.3) Read more…
Sprint 4G LTE in Denver by end of June? Not happening. Sprint mum on plans.
By Andy Vuong
Sprint customer Jim Ringwood with his iPhone in March. Ringwood displays the 1x service he receives at his central Denver home. (Cyrus McCrimmon, The Denver Post)
In March, Sprint's general manager for Colorado told The Denver Post that the carrier would launch its long-delayed, high-speed 4G LTE network in Denver by the end of June.
That's not happening. And it's unclear when the official rollout will come.
"The 4G LTE build remains in full swing and many customers throughout Denver are now experiencing faster data speeds as we continue to light up new 4G LTE sites daily," Sprint spokesman Dave Mellin said in an email Monday.
He didn't have an answer Read more…
Categories: Mobile, Technology
Next "Uncarrier" move: Should T-Mobile pay early termination fees to win new customers?
T-Mobile says subscribers can expect LTE speeds ranging from 6 Mbps to 20 Mbps. (Handout)
T-Mobile killed off the cellphone contract in March.
Then the carrier did away with the two-year wait for smartphone upgrades, a move other national carriers quickly followed.
Last week, the smallest of the four major U.S. wireless companies eliminated international roaming fees.
In short, T-Mobile discarded three of the cellphone industry's biggest annoyances outside of spotty coverage and network congestion.
And it's not done.
"We're constantly looking, not just for what the customer pain points are that we're hearing, but how to solve them," said Jason Young, vice president of marketing for T-Mobile. "Stayed tuned. There will be more to come." Read more…
Categories: Mobile, Technology, Telecommunications
HTC One: What makes it different?
By Eric Lubbers
T-Mobile's version of the new flagship HTC One Android phone. (Provided by T-Mobile)
Taiwan's HTC unveiled its latest flagship today, the Matrix-sounding "One," the company's strongest move yet in pursuit of Apple and Samsung at the top of the always-fierce smartphone market.
Yes, it's got bleeding edge processors, memory, etc. (full specs are here), but in a world where a new phone is announced seemingly twice a day, what makes the HTC One different from the current crowd?
A weird (but cool-looking) video camera feature
This is by far the most innovative part of the camera based on HTC's pitch. Called Zoe™, hitting the shutter button will take up to 20 photos in a row and 3 seconds of video. The idea is simple: Instead of snapping a shot of your dog in a silly hat and hoping you got a good one before he paws it off his head, you can choose from a bunch to get a good shot and get a little Harry Potter-moving-photo style memento along with it where you can hear your dog begging you to take this stupid fedora off his head. Pretty neat. (Phandroid has some samples from the camera)
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Categories: Tech+
Cricket Wireless reveals price for no-contract iPhone 5, and $250 Android smartphone
Cricket Wireless has its operational headquarters in Greenwood Village. (Kathryn Scott Osler, The Denver Post)
Cricket Wireless, which could be considered Colorado's only hometown carrier, will begin selling the iPhone 5 Friday.
The prepaid, no-contract iPhone 5 will cost $500 for a 16 GB model, $300 more than a similar version from AT&T, Verizon and Sprint.
In addition to not having to commit two years to the regional carrier, Cricket's monthly rate plan for unlimited voice, data and text is $55 – at least $20 cheaper than entry-level smartphone plans from the others. Sprint is the only national carrier to offer unlimited data.
The disadvantages Read more…
Categories: Mobile, Tech+
iPhone 5 (one-day) review: biggest change isn't the screen size
The iPhone 5 is thinner and lighter than the iPhone 4S.
Here are my initial thoughts on the iPhone 5 after spending a day with Apple's latest creation.
Out of the box, users will be taken aback by just how much lighter and thinner the new phone is compared with its predecessors. Though the phone sports a 4-inch screen, up from 3.5 inches, the difference isn't as striking because the device's width remains unchanged. Only when web browsing in landscape mode will you truly see the impact of the added screen real estate.
When the iPhone 4/4S and iPhone 5 are held side by side, the crispness and clarity of the latter's retina display is undeniable. I've been using a Verizon iPhone 5, and 4G LTE, when coverage is available, is noticeably faster than the carrier's slow 3G service. Can you tell that it's "up to 10 times faster?" Read more…
Categories: Apple, Mobile, Tech+
AT&T 4G LTE is (finally) coming to Denver and Boulder
AT&T 4G LTE is coming to the Denver area this year. (AP file photo)
AT&T said Thursday that it will roll out high-speed 4G LTE service in the Denver and Boulder area by the end of the year.
The announcement comes less than a week before Apple is slated to unveil the much-anticipated iPhone 5, which is expected to be 4G LTE compatible.
Wireless carriers say LTE technology is capable of delivering mobile Internet speeds that are up to 10 times faster than 3G.
Having a live LTE network in Denver will be key for AT&T as it battles with Verizon Wireless to maintain iPhone customers who upgrade to the new device. Read more…
Is AT&T 4G LTE coming soon to Denver?
When will AT&T light up its 4G LTE network in the Denver area?
Denver Post readers have asked that question quite a bit over the past year, more so since the latest iPad launched in March with LTE compatibility.
It is somewhat puzzling that Denver doesn't yet have LTE while the high-speed mobile Internet service is live in 51 other markets, including the likes of Wichita, Kansas, and Muncie, Indiana. (Cities are listed below).
For what it's worth, AT&T retail store employees are telling customers that cell sites in Denver have been upgraded for LTE service, which could mean that a launch isn't too far away. Read more…
Categories: Apple, Mobile, Technology, Telecommunications

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Numerous studies link self acceptance to increased happiness. While people are often kind and compassionate to others, they may find it more difficult to extend that same love to themself. These studies suggest that people who accept their inadequacies and practice self-compassion are less likely to suffer from anxiety or depression.
By practicing intentional self-love techniques, I have lessened the stress in my life and have become more at peace and happier. Below are some of the practices that have helped me feel better about myself and more optimistic about my life. Acceptance of yourself is something you can create with some practice, if you know what to do.
After doing some research, I learned to live with intention and to make more of an effort to incorporate the following habits into my life to live a life of greater acceptance.
Notice the good things in the world.
Get involved with a bigger purpose.
Be positive and reject negative thoughts and behaviors.
Don't stay down, choose to bounce back after disappointment.
In a world where we are constantly bombarded with images of what we should look like, and glamorous lifestyles we should be living, it can be impossible to feel like you measure up unless you are grounded emotionally through self-love and a healthy self-image. Children who grow up in homes with highly critical parents may find it hard to accept themself as they are.
One of the first things you need to realize is that you have to forgive yourself for not being perfect. This sounds easy enough on the surface, but true forgiveness means changing the way you think about life and all that you've been taught about striving for excellence. The programming we've all endured in recent decades can be harmful. Success has many definitions. Decide on what your definition is and don't worry about unrealistic goals and definitions.
A challenge that we all face is aligning our values and interests with the rest of the world's. If you love jazz, but it is out of favor and not a money maker, then you have to come to terms with the fact that you are currently out of favor with the trends. That doesn't mean you should not continue loving what you love.
More importantly, you need to realize that you don't have to justify what you like to anyone. If your tastes are not currently in vogue, so what? It doesn't matter. All that matters is that you're happy and involved in things that are meaningful to you. Being brave enough to be who you truly are is an important first step to self acceptance and a happier life. Don't try to fit in, just accept who you are and never apologize for being different.
Acceptance can be difficult for people who are always striving to do more and meet new goals. The achievement-oriented society that we live in often focuses on achieving material goals while forgetting other equally-important objectives like happiness and mental health. Acceptance is dependent on recognizing your value system and honoring it over what your boss says and what everybody else tries to tell you.
Always remember that you are the most important person in your life and that nobody has the right to tell you how to be happy or what you is important to you. That is your decision to make.
It is easy to become distracted by the world, focusing on things that you are told should be important to you. But, if you want to be happy, you need to focus on what makes you feel satisfied and complete. Self acceptance means honoring who you are and what is important to you, regardless of what the world is saying. In a noisy world where we are constantly bombarded by societal expectations, it is important to remind yourself that you are unique and you have the right to be your authentic self, even if you are different from the norm. The world needs your unique gifts and voice.
Harvard Medical School reminds us that we are all different. Accepting yourself means you must accept this fact and stop trying to "fit into the world." Your unique gifts are needed. Focus on what works for who you are instead of trying to be like everybody else according to the media and the world at large.


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Q: AVAudioPlayer stops playing on screen lock even though the category is AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback My app uses AVAudioPlayer to play through audio playlists. I haven't changed the code between iOS4.3 and iOS5. However, the audio on iOS5 pauses on a screen lock even though I've set the category to be AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback.
I've tested the code on iOS4.3 and iOS5 devices and this problem occurs on the iOS5 device.
Has anyone else faced this problem? I'm at a loss since I don't even know where to start debugging this issue. My debugging started and ended with checking the AVAudioSessionCategory setting.
The code where I'm doing it is:
[[AVAudioSession sharedInstance] setDelegate: self];
NSError *setCategoryError = nil;
[[AVAudioSession sharedInstance] setCategory: AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback error: &setCategoryError];

Edit:
I have already implemented and handled audioPlayerBeginInterruption
Edit #2: Solved! Thanks to Rhythmic Fistman's Answer
Here's what was happening and what I did. iOS5 changes now push your app to the background even when the screen gets locked. This means that you need to enable background audio in your app, and make whatever view/viewcontroller handling that audio to be the first responder.
Step 1:
Enable background audio in your app
Step 2:
Enable remote events and become the first responder on the viewcontroller / view responsible for handling your audio playlist
NOTE:
Make sure to test this on the device. The simulator will make it seem like the code did not work.

A: Screenlock has changed in iOS5, it now sends your app to the background, so if you want your audio to continue you must add "audio" as a UIBackGroundModes to your Info.plist file.
The closest thing I can find to documentation of this are a few
Apple devforum posts (login required).

A: I'm not very used with audio, but did you look about interuptions ? I've read something that said (in my memories) that the audio could be stopped when en interruption happens, and it's your job to make it play again.
But it's just something coming from my memory. Does that help ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


February 4, 2019 - 10 Straight Years of winning the Angie's List "Super Service Award!" This reflects the company's outstanding customer service to the Twin Cities' home and business owners throughout the 7 county area.
May 29, 2018 - Trinity Exteriors, Inc is among the nation's biggest full-service remodelers and replacement contractors in 2017 and should grow markedly again this year in 2018.
January 16, 2017 - The Angie's List Super Service Award reflects Trinity Exteriors, Inc's consistently high level of customer service.
May 13, 2016 - Trinity Exteriors, Inc is now a member of the Owens Corning Roofing Platinum Preferred Contractor Network.


In October, the bird ringing station "Schlammwiss" caught about 1 237 birds of 36 species. This number is subdivided in 991 E, 238 W and 8 K. None birds foreign origin has been caught.
The total amount of birds for the month is higher than the average amount of birds caught in October at the station. The graphic below shows the average amount of birds for each month during the years 2001-2014.
In summary we spent around 78 hours during 11 days working at the station.


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Coffeeshop Company — международная сеть кофеен, часть группы компаний «Schärf Group», специализирующаяся на продаже кофе, чая, горячих и холодных напитков, закусок и десертов. Кофейни «Coffeeshop Company» работают как самостоятельно, так и по франчайзингу, сеть насчитывает более 250 кофеен в 20 странах мира. Штаб-квартирой компании является центр Schärf World «The Art of Coffee», который находится в Вене.

История
В 1959 году Александр Шэрф основал компанию «Sсhärf» в Вене, которая уже более 60-ти лет занимается производством и продажей лучшего профессионального кофейного оборудования: кофемашин, гриндеров (профессиональные кофемолки), посуды, а чуть позже открыл новое направление: обжарка кофе традиционного австрийского вкуса. Александр был одним из ведущих разработчиков сегодняшней технологии приготовления эспрессо в кофемашинах.

Райнхольд Шэрф — сын Александра, который продолжил семейное дело, в 1999 году открыл сеть Coffeeshop Company в Вене. Это был проект, о котором Райнхольд мечтал давно. Он совместил традиции классических венских кофеен с кофе собственной обжарки и европейским сервисом, собрав в одну цепочку весь процесс: от кофейной фермы до чашки гостя. Этот принцип - From the Farm into the Cup - лёг в основу компании.

В 2000 году открылось еще несколько кофеен в Австрии, преимущественно в Вене.

В 2005 году открывает свои двери новая Штаб-квартира — Schärf World «The Art of Coffee». Она представляет собой современный интерактивный центр, в котором находятся обжарочное производство, небольшая кофейная плантация, центральный офис компании и видовая кофейня.

В 2008 году открывается первая кофейня в России, в городе Санкт-Петербург.

В 2017 году руководство Coffeeshop Company принял Марко Шерф, сын Райнхольда, в то время как его отец остается управляющим директором холдинга Schärf.

Концепция
Сеть кофеен Coffeeshop Company объединила в себе 2 концепции: From the Farm into the Cup и Home in Vienna.

From the Farm into the Cup отражает всю непрерывную цепочку от фермеров, с которыми компания сотрудничает напрямую, до обжарки в Австрии и приготовлении на кофемашинах собственного производства. Компания активно продвигает венскую обжарку кофе.

Home in Vienna отражает тесную связь с венской традицией кофеен, занесённой в ЮНЕСКО. Компания сотрудничает с Венским музеем истории искусств.

Расположение
На ноябрь 2019 года кофейни Coffeeshop Company присутствуют на рынках 20 стран мира. Сеть кофеен работает по системе франчайзинга.

Coffeeshop Company в России

Основатель бренда «Coffeeshop Company» — Райнхольд Шэрф на протяжении нескольких лет рассматривал перспективы развития бренда в России. В 2008 году он нашел партнера в лице российской компании ООО «КОФЕ СЭТ». Команда ООО «КОФЕ СЭТ» при поддержке Райнхольда Шэрфа и центра «Shaerf World», адаптировала бизнес под российский рынок. Первая кофейня в России открылась 9 ноября 2008 года.

Сеть в России расширяется как за счёт собственных усилий компании, так и за счёт привлечения суб-франчайзеров. Кофейни «Coffeeshop Company» открыты в 20 городах России.

По состоянию на ноябрь 2018 года кофейни открыты в более чем 20 городах, в том числе в Перми, Владивостоке, Якутске, Иркутске, Краснодаре, Москве и Санкт-Петербурге.

Примечания

Статьи

Арина Пономарева, Coffeeshop Company - о Европейских традициях в Перми. https://www.business-class.su/news/2016/03/11/evropeyskie-tradicii-v-permi

Ссылки

Компании Австрии
Сети кофеен
Кафе Австрии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Educomunicação é um campo teórico-prático que propõe uma intervenção a partir de algumas linhas básicas como: educação para a mídia; uso das mídias na educação; produção de conteúdos educativos; gestão democrática das mídias; e prática epistemológica e experimental do conceito. Há quem defenda a educomunicação como uma metodologia pedagógica e em sua finalidade ela propõe a construção de ecossistemas comunicativos, abertos e criativos com relação horizontalizada entre os participantes e produção colaborativa de conteúdos utilizando diversas linguagens e instrumentos de expressão, arte e comunicação. Como se entende pelo nome, é o encontro da educação com a comunicação, multimídia, colaborativa e interdisciplinar. Pode ser desenvolvida em qualquer ambiente de formação, não está reduzida ao âmbito da educação formal, embora muitas experiências no Brasil venham acontecendo em escolas, especialmente com crianças e adolescentes. O termo também é conhecido abreviadamente como educom. Exemplos de educomunicação são o uso de rádio escola, web rádio virtual, jornal comunitário, videogames, softwares de aprendizagem on-line, podcasts, blogs, fotografia,  produção de notícias para veiculação em mídias livres, etc.

Desde a década de 1970, instituições supra-estatais, como a UNESCO, reivindicaram a importância da formação em Educomunicação, que, sendo transversal, requer tratamento específico em programas escolares, na formação de professores, na educação de famílias e mesmo em adultos, idosos, donas de casa, desempregados. No Brasil várias organizações, movimentos sociais e alguns projetos governamentais desenvolvem programas de educomunicação que possuem em comum a promoção ao protagonismo infantojuvenil, como também a horizontalidade da comunicação, tentando diminuir as diferenças hierárquicas entre educadores e educandos, ampliando o acesso à cultura e à informação de maneira crítica e autônoma.

Método e conceito
Educomunicação é tanto uma prática quanto um conceito na interface entre Educação e Comunicação. Como prática, propõe novos tipos de aprendizagem, utilizando recursos tecnológicos e novas relações na comunicação, mais democráticas, igualitárias e menos hierarquizadas.

O conceito de Educomunicação entendido pelo professor Ismar de Oliveira Soares é "o conjunto das ações inerentes ao planejamento, implementação e avaliação de processos, programas e produtos destinados a criar e fortalecer ecossistemas comunicativos em espaços educativos presenciais ou virtuais, tais como escolas, centros culturais, emissoras de TV e rádios educativos", e outros espaços formais ou informais de ensino e aprendizagem.

Com a Educomunicação, estuda-se e trabalha-se em cima de atitudes, comportamentos, valores e decisões considerando as relações com o mundo e com os fatores sociais, políticos, culturais e econômicos. Nesse sentido, o desafio é como inserir na escola e na educação, conteúdos comunicativos que contemplem experiências culturais heterogêneas, através das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação. Embora a educação midiática esteja envolvida na concepção de programas escolares em muitos países, existem agora muitas propostas relacionadas à unificação de um quadro comum para avaliar e criar estratégias unificadas para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de competência nos cidadãos.

Possivelmente, o primeiro a utilizar o termo "Educomunicador" foi o jornalista argentino Mário Kaplun, referindo-se ao voluntário ou profissional capaz de mediar processos de jornalismo alternativo e projetos de rádio comunitária - O nome inspirou o conceito "Educomunicação", utilizado por Jesus Martin Barbero e pela ONU; Porém o conceito tem sido ampliado, atualizado e reformulado, com grande contribuição do NCE: Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação da ECA/USP.

Paulo Freire é outra referência para o estudo da Educomunicação, Freire entende a educação como uma atividade que depende do ato comunicativo para a construção do conhecimento. Sua forma de pensar a educação, consolidada ao longo dos anos 1960, encontra paralelo na obra do linguista russo Mikhail Bakhtin. As obras de Bakhtin, dão grande ênfase às características culturais da comunicação, reconhecendo a diversidade linguística e a diferença entre os interlocutores. Dessa forma, a Educomunicação, área que propõe um olhar diferenciado sobre as relações entre educação e comunicação, também utilizam-se das principais ideias de Freire e Bakhtin.

Paulo Freire enfatiza a importância da comunicação na educação popular e amplia o conceito buscando a ideia de horizontalidade nessas relações. Em tese de mestrado Walberto Barbosa Silva cita Freire : "Nivelar, ou se adequar à comunicação de determinado grupo requer uma série de procedimentos, dos quais alguns se encontram no método de alfabetização em questão."

Apesar de estar falando especificamente de alfabetização nesse caso, fica claro a importância para Freire de uma comunicação que abranja os valores e a cultura de todos participantes do processo para ampliar as vias de acesso aos saberes e ampliar os canais de conhecimento. A educomunicação passa pela construção coletiva de novos saberes e novas formas de se comunicar.

Descrição
Segundo pesquisa realizada pelo NCE, são alguns pilares da educomunicação:
 Educação para recepção crítica.
 Expressão comunicativa através da arte.
 Pedagogia da Comunicação.
 Produção de mídia educativa.
 Mediações tecnológicas no espaço educativo.
 Gestão dos processos comunicativos.
 Reflexão epistemológica sobre a inter-relação Comunicação/Educação.
No Brasil os estudos sobre educomunicação estão muito avançados, havendo faculdades com cursos de graduação e especialização. No entanto, entende-se que o educomunicador não é formado na e pela academia, mas sim no prática educomunicativa, que pode acontecer dentro ou fora da escola, em ambientes formais ou informais de aprendizagem. O educomunicador pode ser formado também na produção de mídias, quando preocupada com a pluralidade cultural, participação popular, a consciência crítica e demandas que não costumam interessar à mídia comercial. O educomunicador não é um mero profissional da mídia, nem do mundo educacional, nem pode ser considerado a soma de ambos. É uma nova figura profissional que, a partir de ambas as profissões, oferece um perfil profissional diferenciado e específico que combina sua bagagem comunicativa com suas competências formativas, dado que seu principal alvo é a "audiência" de uma sociedade mediada em seus mais diversos cantos.

Educomunicação x TIC
A Educomunicação é epistemologicamente diferente das Tecnologia de Informações e Comunicação (TIC). Quando falamos em TIC ou simplesmente Informática Educativa, na realidade, estamos falando de ações pedagógicas que colocam a ênfase nos conteúdos e efeitos produzidos, isto é, em uma estratégia para tornar o conteúdo mais atraente para o aluno, utilizando os meios de comunicação. Sendo assim, a TIC substitui o quadro negro enquanto ferramenta. Já a Educomunicação, coloca a sua ênfase no processo, ou seja, apesar de o conteúdo e o efeito fazerem parte de toda ação pedagógica, o processo educomunicativo não estabelece um "teto de desenvolvimento do conhecimento".

Segundo Juán Diáz Bordenave e Mário Kaplún, quanto aos modelos de educação, existem o modelo exógeno - que põe sua ênfase, na mídia, para produção de conhecimento. Já o modelo endógeno - a ênfase está sobre o sujeito e o processo de produção, isto é, uma relação dialogal entre educador e educando. Mario Kaplún afirma que este último modelo, que poderiamos chamar educomunicativo, propõe um relacionamento horizontal entre aluno e professor.

A educomunicação tem como protagonista o criador, através do texto publicado pelo site educador.brasilescola, percebesse  que a pratica da educomunicação, favorece a nosso educando um aprendizado rico e desafiador, visando fortalecer seu conhecimento de forma construtiva e inovadora.

Mediações tecnológicas no espaço educativo
A escola pode ser um local privilegiado para que os alunos desenvolvam habilidades e se tornem receptores mais preparados frente às mensagens divulgadas pelos veículos midiáticos.  Os estudo de Martín-Barbero, filósofo espanhol que se radicou na América Latina têm deixado contribuições para o entendimento   da recepção midiática. O  pensador  propôs o estudo da comunicação a partir da cultura.  Para  ele,  mais  importante  que estudar as  intencionalidades dos  meios,  era entender a produção de sentidos por parte dos receptores: "o eixo do debate deve se deslocar dos meios para as mediações, isto é, para as articulações entre práticas de comunicação e movimentos sociais, para   as   diferentes   temporalidades   e   para   a   pluralidade   das   matrizes culturais (MARTÍN-BARBERO, 1997, p.258).

Martín-Barbero propõe explorar as "mediações", o "espaço" onde acontecem as interações entre a produção e a recepção midiática. Ele aponta três instâncias fundamentais de mediação: a cotidianidade familiar, a temporalidade social e a competência cultural. As   contribuições   de   Martín-Barbero   foram   utilizadas   especialmente   pelo pesquisador mexicano Guilherme Orozco Gomez, que volta seus estudos para a recepção infantil das   mensagens   televisivas.   Orozco   desenvolveu   o   conceito   de   "multimediações"   para caracterizar as mediações das mais variadas naturezas utilizadas pelo receptor, de caráter psicológico, cognitivo, estrutural. Para o pensador, instituições como a família, a escola, a igreja, os partidos, também influenciam o receptor.

Educomunicação Socioambiental
A Educomunicação Socioambiental é formada na interface entre as áreas da Educação Ambiental e da Educomunicação. O conceito foi propagado pela primeira vez na gestão de Marina Silva no Ministério do Meio Ambiente, por iniciativa da Diretoria de Educação Ambiental, pelo programa de Educomunicação Socioambiental deste ministério, com o objetivo de estimular a produção e difusão de conteúdos na área de comunicação ambiental e educação ambiental. É um campo teórico-prático que se dispõe a trabalhar questões voltadas à educação para as mídias pelo olhar das questões socioambientais.

Desde então diversos trabalhos foram publicados sobre o tema, que adquire cada vez mais relevância diante da crise climática global e outros problemas ambientais. O Universo Educom, Blog criado para promover a educomunicação entre adolescentes, jovens, educadores(as) e pesquisadores(as), tem uma área em seu portal dedicada para matérias com o tema da Educomunicação Socioambiental.

Segundo o Guia Prático em Educomunicação Socioambiental, o elo de intersecção da Educomunicação com a Educação Ambiental está no fato de ambas possuírem um caráter interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, e se entende como o conjunto de ações e valores correspondentes à dimensão pedagógica dos processos comunicativos ambientais, marcados pela abertura ao diálogo, à participação e ao trabalho colaborativo.

Princípios da Educomunicação Socioambiental
Os princípios da Educomunicação Socioambiental são comuns aos princípios do Programa Nacional de Educação Ambiental (ProNEA), programa iniciado pelo governo federal brasileiro em 1996 com o objetivo fomentar a Educação Ambiental e conscientização em todos os níveis de ensino para a promoção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.  A Lei Federal 9.795, de 1999, instituiu a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental, e por meio do Decreto nº 4.281/2002, regulamentou que a gestão desta política será competência do Ministério do Meio Ambiente e do Ministério da Educação. Uma das linhas de atuação do ProNEA é a "Comunicação para a Educação Ambiental" descrita como: "produzir, gerir e disponibilizar, de forma interativa e dinâmica, as informações relativas à Educação Ambiental". No Art. 4o desta lei consta que são princípios básicos da educação ambiental:

I - o enfoque humanista, holístico, democrático e participativo;

II - a concepção do meio ambiente em sua totalidade, considerando a interdependência entre o meio natural, o sócio-econômico e o cultural, sob o enfoque da sustentabilidade;

III - o pluralismo de idéias e concepções pedagógicas, na perspectiva da inter, multi e transdisciplinaridade;

IV - a vinculação entre a ética, a educação, o trabalho e as práticas sociais;

V - a garantia de continuidade e permanência do processo educativo;

VI - a permanente avaliação crítica do processo educativo;

VII - a abordagem articulada das questões ambientais locais, regionais, nacionais e globais;

VIII - o reconhecimento e o respeito à pluralidade e à diversidade individual e cultural.

Ligações externas
 Licenciatura em Educom USP http://www.cca.eca.usp.br/educom
 As sete áreas de intervenção segundo Ismar Soares  http://www.revistas.usp.br/comueduc/article/view/81225
 O que é Educomunicação? - Site Webeduc do MEC
 Curso de formação em Educomunicação - Website do curso livre
 - Perfil do curso de bacharelado da UFCG

Comunicação
Métodos de aprendizagem
Educação
Educomunicação


I Am Angus: David Means, Gloster, La.
The Gloster Gamecock was a biplane fighter of the Royal Air Force, a development of the Mk III Grebe, that first flew in February 1925.It differed from the Grebe primarily by way of its Bristol Jupiter engine, which replaced the unreliable Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar.Other changes included improved ailerons, refined fuselage contours, and internally mounted machine guns.
The Gloster Gladiator (or Gloster SS.37) is a British-built biplane fighter.It was used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) (as the Sea Gladiator variant) and was exported to a number of other air forces during the late 1930s. It was the RAF's last biplane fighter aircraft and was rendered obsolete by newer monoplane designs even as it was being introduced.
Dear Fancier, Welcome to igba.co.uk, the new home for the International Gloster Breeders Association. The association was formed in 1966 and has over 900 members throughout the world.
How Glogster works. See our top uses, with simple steps to create your own multimedia poster.


To avoid anybody trying to cheat their way up the Mastery system by being a Rogue, we have a request section for rogues. What is it your requesting you might ask? Not a rank for sure, but the Exp amount given to you at character creation. Below are the divided requests as well as how many rogues are left available for said amount of Exp.
Requesting a Captain Class Rogue spot.
Requesting a Captain level Rouge spot, if you don't mind.
Gon' go ahead and request lieutenant spot for Kururai; as opposed to ending up with the Kyoshinja in his history, Kururai will just do so In Character, should the need arise. Otherwise, he'll just be going about, doing his own thing.
Requesting Lieutenant spot for Fuchs.
I'm giving up my captain spot. Have at it, This character will probably stay dead, so I don't requst another.
HHHHNNGGGG, Kururai for Captain Spot, rather than Lieutenant, as per Taco's relinquished position.
May I reserve a LT level rouge spot?
Request for a Rogue Lieutenant Level, please?
"Why can't we just be reasonable?"
Requesting a Captain-Class Stern Ritter Rogue spot.
I asked for a LT Rogue spot, and it was confirmed by Ach. Now it says I am with Xtiction. I dont like Xticnction.
Sorrow. Vex was asking for himself, haha. Though you're welcome to change to captain as well if you'd like.
Xq Yeah I'll change to captain.


Some of the people at the Oct. 2 Faculty Assembly said they still have gripes with Pitt's intellectual property forms, and broader IP policy, as the University plans to release a newly revised IP assignment form this week.
The Senate Research Committee, working with Senior Vice Chancellor Rob Rutenbar and his team, are finalizing an update to option 3 of Pitt's IP assignment form. After the federal government abruptly altered regulations over the summer, Pitt was spurred to alter the language on the old option 3 form to become compliant.
The new version of the form will not require signatures from graduate students and post-doctoral scholars and will only require signatures at the time a grant is activated.
Rutenbar is also in the process of putting a committee together that will tackle the University's overall IP policy, University Senate President Chris Bonneau said.
Frank Karioris, a visiting lecturer with the Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies Program, told the Assembly that there is still a serious gray area with the University's IP forms that needs to be addressed.
Bonneau and Penny Morel, co-chair of the Research Committee, explained that there's a statement in the revised option three that says signing the revised form will supersede previous agreements.
However, following an exchange between other Assembly members, it was unclear whether or not people who signed previous versions of the assignment forms, for whatever reason, will still be beholden to those agreements if they do not sign the revised IP assignment form.
Cindy Tananis, Senate Council secretary, said that it's important to also consider graduate students who may still be beholden to previously signed IP assignment forms.
Morel said she agreed with Tananis and reiterated that graduate students and post-doctoral scholars will not be required to sign the new assignment form.
Tananis said that some graduate students may still be at risk.
Morel then said she would follow up with Rutenbar for clarity on the situation, and Bonneau suggested that the Research Committee report its findings to the Assembly at its next meeting on Oct. 30.
"Now this is a temporary fix, which is what we're looking for because this leaves us no worse off than we were prior to what happened in August," Bonneau said of the revised assignment form. "Now there are still ways for us to be better off, right, and that involves the rethinking of Pitt's intellectual property policy and some of the questions raised and how that happens moving forward.
Title IX coordinator Katie Pope explained the roles of the office, how it operates and how changes at the federal level may affect the office's functions in the future.
Former University Senate President Frank Wilson told the Assembly that various changes made in the Pitt Office of University Communications were satisfactory, including new hires and a new direction for the University Times.


text:
Notice requirement dispensed with in urgent Thomas Cook liquidation
On 23 September 2019, the English High Court, sitting at the unprecedented time of 1 a.m., made orders immediately winding up the Thomas Cook travel group. In a high profile decision which will be of interest to Cayman insolvency practitioners, the English High Court were asked by the applicants (the directors of the company) to make urgent orders to place the group into liquidation and to dispense with the normal requirement of publishing notices regarding the application.
The application was made following the exhaustion of all options to salvage the Group by the directors. The Group had unsecured indebtedness of approximately £1.9 billion and trading without recapitalization, attempting to negotiate recapitalization or administration were held not be viable alternatives to salvage the business.
In normal circumstances, a petitioner must give notice of the petition to wind up. However, in the UK, there is express power given to the court to dispense with this requirement. With some 145,000 Thomas Cook customers abroad and in need of repatriation to the UK, the High Court was satisfied that the urgent circumstances demanded that notice should be dispensed with so that the liquidators could take steps forthwith.
The Court held further that giving notice in this instance would serve no purpose as it was "impossible to see what arguable grounds" any creditors could advance to oppose the petition given the fact that they had had "ample opportunity" to consider whether or not to provide financial support to the Group. This was a petition issued the directors of the Group without opposition from the Group.
In reaching his decision, Mr Justice Smith noted that it was "relatively unusual" for a winding up order to made immediately but the unique and perilous position of the Thomas Cook Group meant that it was the proper course. He cited the decisions previously made by Morgan J in Re Carillion plc and Snowden J in Re British Steel Ltd as being persuasive.
The decision illustrates that where exceptionally urgent circumstances exist, winding up orders can be made without the need for publishing notices which may cause delay detrimental to the company and innocent 3rd parties.
Provisional Liquidators / Liquidation


With over 30 years' experience in international finance and investment management, Sarah joined Aegon in 2010 as Chief Executive Officer of Aegon Asset Management.
Sander joined Aegon in 1997 as portfolio manager. Since then he has undertaken a number of different roles including product development and CFO of Aegon Bank. Since 2014 he has held the position of Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Aegon Asset Management.
Philip has 28 years' experience in the industry, having joined Aegon Asset Management in 1987 from KPMG where he qualified as a Chartered Accountant. He has held the position of Chief Operational Officer (COO) of Aegon Asset Management since 2014.
Jane joined Aegon Asset Management in August 2017. She is responsible for raising and maintaining the standard of risk management within our three lines of defense model. Jane has achieved notable success in progressively large risk leadership roles throughout her 30 year career.
Martin joined Aegon Asset Management in October 2013 as CEO of Kames Capital (UK), and has more than 20 years' experience in financial services. His focus is on strategic direction, governance and overseeing the overall development of Aegon Asset Management the Netherlands, Kames Capital and TKP Investments.
Gary joined Aegon Asset Management in June 2016. He is responsible for all business aspects of Aegon Asset Management US and Aegon Real Assets US. Gary has 24 years' experience in the industry.
Eric joined Aegon Asset Management in January 2015. His focus is on developing our business in Europe from our strong position in the Netherlands. He has 25 years' experience in the financial services industry.


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Highland dance o  danza de las tierras altas escocesas () es un estilo de baile competitivo desarrollado en las Tierras Altas de Escocia en los siglos XIX y XX, en el contexto de competencias en eventos públicos como los Juegos de las Tierras Altas. Fue creado a partir del repertorio de danzas folclóricas gaélicas, pero formalizado con las convenciones del ballet, y ha estado sujeto a influencias de fuera de las Highlands. El baile de las tierras altas se realiza a menudo con el acompañamiento de la música de gaita de las tierras altas, y los bailarines usan zapatos especializados llamados ghillies. Ahora se ve en casi todos los eventos de los juegos de las Highlands de la actualidad.

La danza de las tierras altas no debe confundirse con la danza country escocesa, la danza cèilidh o la danza zueco, aunque pueden demostrarse en presentaciones y estar presentes en eventos sociales.

Descripción básica del baile de las tierras altas

El baile de las tierras altas es una forma de baile competitiva y técnica que requiere técnica, resistencia y fuerza, y es reconocido como un deporte por el Consejo de Deportes de Escocia.

En Highland dance, los bailarines bailan en la punta de los pies. El baile de las tierras altas es una forma de baile de pasos en solitario, de la cual evolucionó, pero mientras que algunas formas de baile de pasos son de naturaleza puramente percusiva, el baile de las tierras altas implica no solo una combinación de pasos, sino también algunos movimientos integrales de la parte superior del cuerpo, brazos y manos.

El baile de las tierras altas no debe confundirse con el baile country escocés, que es tanto un baile social (es decir, un baile que se baila con una pareja o parejas) como el baile de salón, y un baile de formación (es decir, un baile en el que un elemento importante es el patrón de movimiento grupal en la pista de baile) como el baile cuadrado.

Algunas danzas de las Highlands derivan de las danzas sociales tradicionales. Un ejemplo es el Highland Reel, también conocido como Foursome Reel, en el que grupos de cuatro bailarines alternan entre pasos solistas uno frente al otro y un estilo en forma de ocho con movimiento progresivo entrelazado. Aun así, en los concursos, los bailarines de Highland Reel son juzgados individualmente. La mayoría de los bailes de las Highlands se bailan en solitario.

Bailes escoceses e irlandeses
Muchos no practicantes piensan que las dos formas celtas son sinónimos. Si bien algunos estudios de danza enseñan ambos, son dos estilos distintos, no solo en el atuendo. En comparación con la danza escocesa de las tierras altas, los bailarines irlandeses rara vez usan los brazos que se sostienen al lado del cuerpo (en lugar de levantarlos por encima de los hombros), las piernas y los pies se cruzan con frecuencia (no girados a 45°) y el uso frecuente de los zapatos de paso con suela (en comparación con ghillies o 'bombas'). Hay un mayor uso de la coreografía que los movimientos tradicionales.

Historia

La danza moderna de las Highlands surgió en los siglos XIX y XX. Fue "creado a partir del repertorio de danzas folclóricas gaélicas, pero formalizado con las convenciones del ballet".

Parece que los guerreros realizaban formas de danza con espadas en muchas partes de Europa durante el período prehistórico. Las formas de danza con espada también están atestiguadas en el período medieval tardío. Las danzas ritualistas y combativas que imitaban hazañas épicas y habilidades marciales eran una característica familiar en la tradición y el folclore escoceses. La primera referencia a estos bailes en Escocia se menciona en el Scotichronicon que fue compilado en Escocia por Walter Bower en la década de 1440. El pasaje se refiere a Alejandro III y su segundo matrimonio con la noble francesa Yolande de Dreux en Jedburgh el 14 de octubre de 1285.

 A la cabeza de esta procesión estaban los hábiles músicos con muchos tipos de música de pipa, incluida la música de gaitas, y detrás de ellos otros que realizaban espléndidamente una danza de guerra con intrincados entrelazados hacia adentro y hacia afuera. En la retaguardia aparecía una figura sobre la que era difícil decidir si era un hombre o una aparición. Parecía deslizarse como un fantasma en lugar de caminar sobre sus pies. Cuando parecía que estaba desapareciendo de la vista de todos, toda la frenética procesión se detuvo, la canción se apagó, la música se desvaneció y el contingente de baile se congeló repentina e inesperadamente.

Se dice que en 1573 los mercenarios escoceses realizaron una danza de la espada escocesa ante el rey de Suecia, Juan III, en un banquete celebrado en el castillo de Estocolmo. La danza, "una característica natural de las festividades", se utilizó como parte de un complot para asesinar al Rey, donde los conspiradores pudieron desnudar sus armas sin despertar sospechas. Afortunadamente para el Rey, en el momento decisivo nunca se dio la señal acordada.

'Sword dance and Highland Dances' se incluyeron en una recepción para Ana de Dinamarca en Edimburgo en 1589, y una mezcla de danza de espada y acrobacias se realizó antes de que llegara al trono James VI en 1617 (New Statistical Account of Scotland Edinb. 1845 x, págs.44-45) y nuevamente para Carlos I en 1633, por la incorporación de Skinners y Glovers de Perth.

 La silla de Su Majestad estaba colocada en la pared junto al Agua de Tay, donde había un escenario flotante de madera revestido de abedules, sobre el cual, para la bienvenida y la entrada de Su Majestad, trece de nuestros hermanos de esta vocación de Glovers con gorras verdes, cuerdas de plata, cintas rojas, zapatos blancos y cascabeles en las piernas, estoques esquilando en sus manos y todos los demás abulzement, bailaron nuestra danza de la espada con muchos nudos difíciles y allapallajesse, cinco debajo y cinco arriba sobre sus hombros, tres de ellos bailando a través de sus pies, y sobre ellos, bebiendo vino y rompiendo vasos. Lo cual (alabado sea Dios) se actuó y se hizo sin lastimar ni resentir a nadie.

La política de represión cultural del gobierno central británico contra la cultura de las Tierras Altas culminó en 1747 cuando entró en vigor la Ley de Proscripción, que prohibía el uso de faldas escocesas a los varones civiles. La ley fue derogada en 1782 y, a principios del siglo XIX, hubo una especie de romantización de la cultura de las Tierras Altas (o como se imaginaba). Este resurgimiento, más tarde impulsado en gran medida por el entusiasmo de la reina Victoria por él, incluyó los inicios de los juegos de las Highlands tal como los conocemos ahora. El baile de las Highlands fue una parte integral de los Juegos desde el comienzo de su renacimiento moderno, pero la selección de bailes realizados en los Juegos se redujo intencionalmente, principalmente para la conveniencia de los jueces. Por lo tanto, si bien la tradición de los juegos de las Tierras Altas parecía a primera vista haber fomentado y preservado el baile de las Tierras Altas, muchos bailes más antiguos se perdieron porque nadie consideró que valiera la pena practicarlos, ya que no eran necesarios para la competencia. La naturaleza de estas exhibiciones y competencias también afectó el estilo del baile en sí.

Organizaciones
La mayoría de los bailes anteriores al siglo XX no se organizaban a nivel nacional o internacional. Los jueces de los concursos eran personas locales, sin estándares específicos para la vestimenta o los pasos para bailar. Las sociedades locales de Caledonia formaron a jóvenes bailarines a la manera de cada sociedad. Lentamente se logró la coherencia de los pasos y se establecieron organizaciones específicas de baile.

Los bailarines ahora se someten a exámenes escritos y evaluaciones prácticas para convertirse en maestros, y luego se les capacita y evalúan para convertirse en examinadores de bailarines y luego en jueces o juezas de competencia.

Junta Oficial Real Escocesa de Highland Dancing (RSOBHD)
Muchas, si no la mayoría de las reuniones de Highland en todo el mundo, reconocen a la Junta Oficial Real Escocesa de Highland Dancing (RSOBHD), formada en 1950, como el organismo rector mundial de la danza de Highland. El título 'Real' de la Reina del Reino Unido fue aprobado el 16 de noviembre de 2019. La RSOBHD estandarizó los pasos de baile para propósitos de competencia, estableció reglas para competencias y vestimenta, y certifica competencias e instructores. El RSOBHD World Highland Dance Championship se lleva a cabo anualmente en Cowal Highland Gathering desde 1934. Hoy este Campeonato del Mundo RSOBHD está sancionado por la RSOBHD en tres niveles: Juvenil, Junior y Adulto. Solo los bailarines registrados en SOBHD pueden competir en este campeonato RSOBHD.

La RSOBHD está formada por representantes de diferentes organismos y asociaciones de Highland Dancing de todo el mundo. La Junta está compuesta por delegados de los órganos examinadores (asociaciones de enseñanza profesional), organizaciones afiliadas en Australia (Junta Australiana de Highland Dancing Inc.), Canadá (ScotDance Canadá), Sudáfrica (Junta Oficial de Highland Dancing (Sudáfrica)), Nueva Zelanda (Scot Dance New Zealand) y los Estados Unidos (Federación de Maestros y Adjudicadores de los Estados Unidos) que representan las muchas danzas de las Highlands organizaciones en esos países.

La junta de RSOBHD sanciona los campeonatos de baile de las Highlands, aunque en realidad no organiza ninguno de ellos. Hay campeonatos no autorizados por RSOBHD organizados por organizaciones no alineadas con RSOBHD en los que los bailarines registrados de RSOBHD tienen prohibido participar por parte de RSOBHD. En las competencias y campeonatos organizados por organizaciones que no pertenecen a RSOBHD, todos los bailarines son bienvenidos, sin embargo, si eligen participar, pueden recibir una prohibición de RSOBHD. De manera similar, los bailarines no registrados en RSOBHD tienen prohibido bailar en competencias autorizadas por RSOBHD por RSOBHD. Cada año, la RSOBHD selecciona los pasos del campeonato que realizarán los bailarines en campeonatos de todo el mundo. Se ha publicado un libro oficial de técnicas de RSOBHD Highland Dance para bailarines y profesores.

Otros cuerpos danzantes
Otras organizaciones que califican a los bailarines, maestros y jueces de Highland y realizan competencias incluyen:

 La Asociación Escocesa de Baile de las Tierras Altas (SOHDA)
 La Academia de Danza Nacional y de las Tierras Altas de Nueva Zelanda
 La Unión Escocesa Victoriana (Australia).

Estas organizaciones proporcionan un amplio programa de bailes nacionales y de las Tierras Altas y pasos dentro de su enseñanza.

Juegos y competiciones de las Highlands

En los juegos de las Tierras Altas, los bailes de las Tierras Altas al principio eran bailados solo por hombres. Las mujeres participaban en bailes sociales y las niñas aprendían bailes en solitario como parte de sus clases generales de baile. De hecho, los maestros de baile a menudo alentaban a sus estudiantes más prometedores (hombres o mujeres) a realizar bailes en solitario en sus 'asambleas' de fin de curso.

A finales del siglo XIX, una joven llamada Jenny Douglas (también se sugiere el nombre de Lorna Mitchell) decidió participar en un concurso de baile de las Highlands. Como esto no estaba expresamente prohibido, se le permitió entrar. Desde entonces, el número de mujeres que participan en el deporte ha aumentado hasta hoy, más del 95% de todas las bailarinas son mujeres. Ha habido varias campeonas del mundo femeninas coronadas en el Cowal Highland Gathering desde que comenzaron a organizar la competencia en 1948. El primer estadounidense en ganar el Campeonato Mundial de Adultos fue Hugh Bigney, quien ganó el título en 1973. De hecho, los primeros tres Campeonatos del Mundo de Adultos fueron ganados por mujeres: Nancy Cotter de Nueva Zelanda (1948), Margaret Samson (1949 y 1950). Esta feminización de las artes populares es un patrón común en el proceso de su "gentrificación", especialmente después de que ya no cumplen un papel funcional en una cultura guerrera centrada en el hombre. Los hombres todavía están bien representados en los campeonatos mundiales.

Los concursos de baile de las Highlands se pueden llevar a cabo únicamente o como parte de eventos más grandes. La pequeña competencia anual escocesa Glen Isla es casi discreta en el borde de la carretera, y está al lado de eventos de tuberías y algunos eventos de juegos pesados. Los Juegos Glengarry Highland de Canadá, por otro lado, son uno de los eventos de baile y flautas más grandes del calendario norteamericano. Muchas de las competiciones de Australia se llevan a cabo en el interior como una actividad individual, mientras que las competiciones canadienses y escocesas se asocian con los juegos de las Highlands con una sala cercana disponible en caso de mal tiempo.

En lo que a concursos se refiere, hasta principios del siglo XX los bailes habituales que se veían eran el Sword Dance, el Seann Triubhas, el Strathspey y Highland Reel, el Reel of Tulloch y el Highland Fling. Desde entonces, varios otros bailes (preexistentes) se han agregado al repertorio de la competencia. Por ejemplo, dos bailes de personajes, 'The sailor's hornpipe' y 'The Irish jig ' ganaron popularidad en producciones de music hall y vodevil.

Juzgado
La mayoría de los jueces de hoy evalúan a un bailarín según tres criterios principales: tiempo, técnica e interpretación/comportamiento general.

 El tiempo se refiere a la capacidad del bailarín para seguir el ritmo de la música.
 La técnica tiene que ver con la correcta ejecución de los pasos en coordinación con los movimientos del resto del cuerpo, incluidos los movimientos de cabeza, brazos y manos.
 La interpretación artística cubre ese elemento esencial de toda la danza y el arte en general que no puede cuantificarse ni reducirse a ningún conjunto de reglas o puntos específicos, pero que sí se refiere a la capacidad del bailarín o intérprete para transmitir un sentido de sentimiento, comprensión y aprecio de la forma de arte.
 La habilidad del bailarín, incluida la altura de salto y la confianza.

Los diversos órganos rectores de los bailes de las Tierras Altas establecen parámetros para los bailes mismos y sistemas de puntuación para calificar a los bailarines y determinar su clase y el progreso de una clase a otra. El sistema de puntuación para estas competencias comienza con cada bailarín comenzando con 100 puntos. Por cualquier error, mala ejecución, etc., resulta en la resta de puntos a discreción de los jueces. Luego, los bailarines se clasifican de mayor a menor cantidad de puntos, y las medallas y los puntos se otorgan según el número de bailarines de la clase.

La noción de cómo se debían ejecutar los bailes cambió drásticamente a lo largo de los años. Por ejemplo, hacer un baile de espada al estilo de principios del siglo XX en una competencia hoy haría que un bailarín fuera descalificado casi de inmediato. Solía haber una terrible confusión en cuanto a qué se permitiría (o prescribiría) dónde, hasta que el RSOBHD llegó con un estándar que se ha vuelto aceptable para la mayoría de los bailarines competitivos.

Tipos de bailes
Los bailes escoceses de las tierras altas se dividen generalmente en varios tipos. Las categorías son más por conveniencia que por estilo estricto:

 Danzas de las tierras altas (como la aventura de las tierras altas y la danza de la espada)
 Bailes nacionales (como el canto escocés, la fantasía de Flora McDonald's)
 Bailes de personajes (como la trompeta del marinero, el jig irlandés y el cakewalk)

El baile de pasos y el baile de zuecos también solían ser parte de algunas competiciones.

Los pasos de cada baile ahora se establecen en el programa de estudios nacional e internacional, como los libros de texto del RSOBHD, United Kingdom Alliance Ltd (UKA) y la Asociación Británica de Profesores de Danza (BATD). Cada baile consta de varios pasos, que pueden estar numerados o redactados. Una aventura RSOBHD de cuatro pasos en Highland puede tener el 1er paso, 7º, 5º alternativo y terminar con el 8º paso; o, Derramamiento, Doble sacudida y balanceo, Segundo retroceso y Último derramamiento.

Bailes de las tierras altas
El Highlander se desarrolló "como una preparación necesaria para el manejo de la espada ancha … usada en ciertos bailes para exhibir su destreza"; esto incluyó bailar sobre dos espadas desnudas que están colocadas una sobre la otra en el suelo, mientras un bailarín se mueve ágilmente alrededor de ellas. Colocar diestramente los pies mediante un paso peculiar en los intervalos entre espadas cruzadas, como en el Ghillie Callum, se ha relacionado durante mucho tiempo con danzas antes de una batalla decisiva o como danza de la victoria. Cuenta la leyenda que, en vísperas de la batalla, el jefe de las tierras altas llamaba a los mejores bailarines del clan, que bailaban la danza de la espada. Si los bailarines evitaban con éxito tocar cualquiera de las espadas, entonces se consideraba un presagio de que la batalla del día siguiente sería a favor del clan. Una explicación más práctica detrás del significado de esta danza se puede encontrar en las salas de entrenamiento de estilos más antiguos de esgrima, donde los estudiantes de la espada desarrollaron su juego de pies siguiendo patrones geométricos de cruces, cuadrados y triángulos marcados en el piso.

En otra versión del baile de espadas escocés, el montañés bailaba sobre un escudo de objetivos, esto tiene similitudes con un antiguo ejercicio romano en el que el hombre de pie sobre un escudo tenía que defenderse y mantenerse erguido mientras otros intentaban sacárselo de debajo. Muchas de las danzas de las Highlands que ahora hemos perdido se realizaban alguna vez con armas tradicionales que incluían el hacha de Lochaber, la espada, el dique y la daga y el mayal, la vieja canción de baile de Skye, 'Buailidh mi thu anns a' cheann'(golpearé su cabeza) indican alguna forma de juego de armas con la música, 'romper la cabeza' fue el golpe ganador en los partidos a golpes en toda Gran Bretaña, 'porque en el momento en que la sangre corre una pulgada en cualquier lugar por encima de la ceja, el viejo jugador al que pertenece es golpeado, y tiene que parar '.

El Highland Dirk Dance, en el que el bailarín hace florecer el arma, a menudo está relacionado con el baile de la espada o los bailes llamados 'Mac an Fhorsair', (literalmente, 'el hijo del Forester'), el 'Ejercicio de la espada ancha' o el 'Bruicheath' (danza de batalla). Se mencionan en una serie de fuentes, generalmente militares, y pueden haber sido interpretadas en una variedad de formas diferentes, practicadas por dos artistas en forma de duelo o como una rutina en solitario.

Se ha afirmado que la melodía de Gille Chaluim (en inglés como 'Gillie Callum' y que significa 'el sirviente de Calum' en gaélico) se remonta a Malcolm III de Escocia (1031-1093), pero esta afirmación seguramente se fabricó para proporcionar credenciales falsas para la antigüedad de la danza que es poco probable que se haya inventado antes de 1800. Según una tradición, las espadas cruzadas supuestamente se colocaban en el suelo antes de una batalla mientras un soldado bailaba alrededor de las espadas. Si sus pies chocaban contra las espadas, sería herido en la batalla. Esto puede derivar del folclore que a menudo rodea a la cultura guerrera, pero el estilo de la danza fue cambiado por los hermanos Maclennan de Fairburn.

Una teoría sobre el Highland Fling es que fue un baile de triunfo al final de una batalla. Otra teoría (no menos romántica) es que se realizó antes de las batallas (como la danza de la espada), sobre el escudo del bailarín. El escudo tendría una púa en el medio, alrededor de la cual el bailarín haría el baile que implica mover los pies, saltar y pisar con cuidado, supuestamente para ahuyentar a los espíritus malignos. El bailarín está confinado en un lugar y chasquea los dedos (lo que se redujo en los últimos tiempos a simplemente sostener las manos con el pulgar tocando la segunda articulación del dedo medio y los otros tres dedos extendidos en el aire). Dejando de lado la obvia dificultad de bailar alrededor de una punta afilada en un escudo, una teoría mucho más plausible es que el Highland Fling no es otro que un Foursome Reel con los bits progresivos omitidos: en las reuniones sociales, los bailarines "competirían'' mostrando de los elegantes pasos en solitario que podían realizar, mucho antes de que se inventaran las competiciones formales en los juegos de las tierras altas.

Otra historia que rodea al Fling afirma que está destinado a imitar a un ciervo; cuenta la historia que su padre le pidió a un niño que vio un ciervo que lo describiera. Le faltaron las palabras, así que bailó en su lugar; la posición de las manos se asemeja a la cabeza y las astas de un ciervo. Esta leyenda urbana esconde el hecho de que los montañeses solían chasquear los dedos mientras bailaban.

Se supone que Ruidhle Thulaichean (en inglés como 'El carrete de Tulloch') se originó en el cementerio de Tullich, Aberdeenshire, donde la congregación esperaba al difunto ministro. Durante el retraso, silbaron una melodía de las tierras altas y comenzaron a improvisar un baile. Una versión más espantosa de la historia es que la danza se deriva de un rudo juego de fútbol que los habitantes de Tulloch jugaban con la cabeza cortada de un enemigo; las palabras gaélicas al son de la melodía lo confirman.

El Seann Triubhas significa "pantalones viejos" en gaélico y está asociado románticamente con la derogación de la proscripción de la falda escocesa por parte del gobierno después del fallido Levantamiento jacobita de 1745. Sin embargo, la danza es considerablemente más joven, y la mayoría de los pasos que se realizan en la actualidad datan de finales del siglo XIX.

Al igual que otras tradiciones de danza, lo que se denomina 'danza de las tierras altas' es una forma híbrida que ha ido cambiando constantemente de acuerdo con la estética contemporánea y las interpretaciones del pasado. Si bien algunos elementos pueden tener siglos de antigüedad, otros elementos son mucho más modernos. La gran mayoría de las danzas que ahora se realizan fueron compuestas en el siglo XX.

Los bailes de las Tierras Altas ahora se complementan en los Juegos de las Tierras Altas y las competiciones de baile con lo que se conoce como bailes nacionales. En el baile de las Highlands, todos los bailarines usan una falda escocesa o pantalones de tartán. Los bailarines llevan chaquetas, corbatas y gorros. Las bailarinas visten blusas con chalecos o chaquetas.

Bailes nacionales

En los juegos de Highland, los bailes nacionales incluyen Scottish Lilt, Earl of Erroll, Blue Bonnets, Hielan 'Laddie, Scotch Measure, Flora MacDonald's Fancy, Village Maid y Barracks Johnny, que ilustran la historia del baile y otros aspectos de Historia y cultura escocesa. Algunas de las danzas nacionales fueron enseñadas por maestros de danza en el siglo XIX y muestran una influencia del ballet, mientras que otras derivan de tradiciones anteriores y se adaptaron a gustos posteriores. El 'Conde de Erroll', por ejemplo, se basa en un juego de pies de percusión de zapato duro del siglo XVIII, aunque los bailarines de las Highlands de hoy lo interpretan en suaves Ghillies. Algunos de los bailes nacionales fueron preservados y enseñados por maestros de danza como DG MacLennan y Flora Buchan, mientras que algunos fueron interpretados y reconstruidos a mediados del siglo XX a partir de notas escritas en el manuscrito de 1841 de Frederick Hill.

Para los bailes nacionales, las bailarinas pueden usar un 'aboyne' (después de los Juegos Aboyne Highland, donde las mujeres no pueden usar faldas escocesas para bailar hasta el día de hoy, por lo que se ideó un atuendo como alternativa).

Bailes de personajes
La trompeta del marinero se adaptó de un baile inglés y ahora se realiza con más frecuencia en Escocia, mientras que el Irish Jig es una caricatura humorística y un tributo a la danza del paso irlandés (la bailarina, con un traje rojo y verde, es una interpretación de un irlandés, gesticulando con enojo y frunciendo el ceño). Si el jig irlandés es bailado por una mujer o una niña, se trata de una esposa angustiada que regaña a su marido, una mujer atormentada por duendes o una lavandera que persigue a los niños burlones (o niños en general) que han ensuciado su ropa. Mostrar el puño de la mujer simboliza su deseo de golpear a los niños, a los duendes o al marido. Si lo baila un hombre o un niño, es la historia de los pantalones de cuero de Paddy, en los que una lavandera descuidada ha encogido los finos pantalones de cuero de Paddy y él agita su shillelagh hacia ella con ira y mostrando el puño, con la intención de golpear.

El Hornpipe imita a un marinero de la armada de su majestad que hace un trabajo a bordo del barco: arrastrar la cuerda, deslizarse en la cubierta alegre y recibir su cheque de pago, y tiene muchos detalles involucrados que retratan al personaje (por ejemplo, el bailarín no toca sus palmas, se supone que está sucio, en su uniforme). Realizado con un uniforme de marinero británico, su nombre deriva del instrumento que lo acompaña, el hornpipe. Se interpreta con melodías como "Crossing the Minch" (Pipe Major Donald MacLeod) "Jackie Tar" (Tradicional) y muchas otras melodías tanto contemporáneas como tradicionales.

Quizás uno de los elementos más inusuales de la danza de personajes en los concursos de danza moderna de las Highlands es la inclusión del cakewalk.

El cakewalk es originalmente un baile realizado por esclavos negros en el sur de los Estados Unidos que imita, con un estilo exagerado, los majestuosos bailes de salón de cortejo de los dueños de esclavos. Es único en Highland Dance competitivo, ya que es el único baile que siempre se realiza como dúo y es el único baile que se originó fuera de las Islas Británicas. También es única la inclusión de disfraces fantasiosos y a menudo extravagantes en los que se basa parte del juicio del arte. Si bien ocasionalmente se llevan a cabo concursos de disfraces con respecto a los atuendos que se usan para los otros bailes, los atuendos para esos bailes se prescriben con mucho cuidado (las diferencias se limitan principalmente a la elección del tartán, el color de las chaquetas o fajas, y opciones como mangas de encaje y chalecos de terciopelo en lugar de chaquetas de terciopelo) ese disfraz no juega un papel importante en la competencia de baile o varía mucho entre los bailarines. Por el contrario, mientras que el paseo se puede bailar con el atuendo tradicional escocés, los bailarines que participan en el paseo a menudo intentan idear el disfraz de dúo más creativo que puedan, como Frankenstein y su novia, o Mickey y Minnie Mouse . El cakewalk generalmente solo se baila en competiciones a gran escala, como campeonatos nacionales o provinciales, y generalmente está restringido al nivel superior de bailarines competitivos conocidos como 'premier' (anteriormente 'abierto'. ) El paseo se realiza generalmente con 'Whistling Rufus', escrito en 1899 por Kerry Mills.  La inclusión del cakewalk en el competitivo Highland Dance se atribuye al bailarín, juez y examinador James L. McKenzie, quien introdujo el baile en Escocia desde los Estados Unidos.  En 2021, la RSOBHD dictaminó eliminar el baile de la competencia sobre la base de que era despectivo para las personas de color .

Danzas de las Hébridas
Las 'danzas de las Hébridas' se originaron en las Hébridas y ahora son bailadas por bailarines de las Highlands. Se desconoce cuándo se originaron estas danzas o quién las creó, pero el maestro de danza del siglo XIX, Ewen MacLachlan, las enseñó en las islas occidentales a mediados del siglo XIX.

Véase también
 Juegos de la montaña
 Danza irlandesa

Referencias

Sociedad de Escocia
Juegos de la montaña
Wikipedia:Páginas con traducciones sin revisar


text:
Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions
Sobhit Singh, Zeila Zanolli, Maximilian Amsler, Brahim Belhadji, Jorge O. Sofo, Matthieu J. Verstraete, Aldo H. Romero
We employ an ab-initio structure search algorithm to explore the configurational space of bismuth in quasi-two dimensions. A confinement potential is introduced to restrict the movement of atoms within a predefined thickness to find the stable and metastable forms of monolayer Bi. In addition to the two known low-energy structures (puckered monoclinic and buckled hexagonal), our calculations predict three new phases: α, β, and γ. Each phase exhibits peculiar electronic properties, ranging from metallic (α and γ) to semiconducting (puckered monoclinic, buckled hexagonal, and β) monolayers. Topologically nontrivial features are predicted for buckled hexagonal and γphases. We also remark on the role of 5d electrons on the electronic properties of Bi monolayer. We conclude that Bi provides a rich playground to study distortion-mediated metal-insulator phase transitions in quasi-2D.
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
Dive into the research topics of 'Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Monolayers Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Electronic properties Engineering & Materials Science 78%
Dimension Chemical Compounds 57%
Monolayer Chemical Compounds 57%
Electronic Property Chemical Compounds 41%
electronics Physics & Astronomy 39%
bismuth Physics & Astronomy 37%
Bismuth Engineering & Materials Science 34%
Singh, S., Zanolli, Z., Amsler, M., Belhadji, B., Sofo, J. O., Verstraete, M. J., & Romero, A. H. (2019). Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 10(23), 7324-7332. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
Singh, Sobhit ; Zanolli, Zeila ; Amsler, Maximilian et al. / Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions. In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 2019 ; Vol. 10, No. 23. pp. 7324-7332.
@article{3f4b37e83f334881bac8e96115926707,
title = "Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions",
abstract = "We employ an ab-initio structure search algorithm to explore the configurational space of bismuth in quasi-two dimensions. A confinement potential is introduced to restrict the movement of atoms within a predefined thickness to find the stable and metastable forms of monolayer Bi. In addition to the two known low-energy structures (puckered monoclinic and buckled hexagonal), our calculations predict three new phases: α, β, and γ. Each phase exhibits peculiar electronic properties, ranging from metallic (α and γ) to semiconducting (puckered monoclinic, buckled hexagonal, and β) monolayers. Topologically nontrivial features are predicted for buckled hexagonal and γphases. We also remark on the role of 5d electrons on the electronic properties of Bi monolayer. We conclude that Bi provides a rich playground to study distortion-mediated metal-insulator phase transitions in quasi-2D.",
author = "Sobhit Singh and Zeila Zanolli and Maximilian Amsler and Brahim Belhadji and Sofo, {Jorge O.} and Verstraete, {Matthieu J.} and Romero, {Aldo H.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Sangeeta Sharma and Kay Dewhurst for their assistance with the ELK code. We also acknowledge the support by Pedram Tavazohi on the substrate search candidates for epitaxial growth. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number OCI-1053575. Additionally, the authors acknowledge support from Texas Advanced Computer Center (TACC), the Bridges supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center, and Super Computing Systems (Spruce and Mountaineer) at West Virginia University (WVU). A.H.R. and S.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMREF-NSF 1434897, NSF OAC-1740111, and DOE DE-SC0016176 projects. S.S. acknowledges support from the Dr. Mohindar S. Seehra Research Award and the Distinguished Doctoral Scholarship at West Virginia University. Z.Z. acknowledges financial support by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2016-19344), the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2017SGR1506), the Severo Ochoa programme (MINECO, SEV-2017-0706), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant No. ZA 780/3-1. M.A. acknowledges support from the Novartis Universit{\"a}t Basel Excellence Scholarship for Life Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. P300P2-158407, P300P2-174475). M.J.V. acknowledges funding by the Belgian FNRS (PDR G.A. T.1077.15-1/7 and a sabbatical "OUT" grant at ICN2), ULiege and the Communaut{\'e} Fran{\c c}aise de Belgique (ARC AIMED G.A. 15/19-09), and computational resources from the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif (FRS-FNRS G.A. 2.5020.11) and Zenobe/CENAERO funded by the Walloon Region under G.A. 1117545. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Sangeeta Sharma and Kay Dewhurst for their assistance with the ELK code. We also acknowledge the support by Pedram Tavazohi on the substrate search candidates for epitaxial growth. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number OCI-1053575. Additionally, the authors acknowledge support from Texas Advanced Computer Center (TACC), the Bridges supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center, and Super Computing Systems (Spruce and Mountaineer) at West Virginia University (WVU). A.H.R. and S.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMREF-NSF 1434897, NSF OAC-1740111, and DOE DE-SC0016176 projects. S.S. acknowledges support from the Dr. Mohindar S. Seehra Research Award and the Distinguished Doctoral Scholarship at West Virginia University. Z.Z. acknowledges financial support by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2016-19344), the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2017SGR1506), the Severo Ochoa programme (MINECO SEV-2017-0706), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant No. ZA 780/3-1. M.A. acknowledges support from the Novartis Universita?t Basel Excellence Scholarship for Life Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. P300P2-158407, P300P2-174475). M.J.V. acknowledges funding by the Belgian FNRS (PDR G.A. T.1077.15-1/7 and a sabbatical &OUT& grant at ICN2), ULiege and the Communaute? Franc?aise de Belgique (ARC AIMED G.A. 15/19-09), and computational resources from the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif (FRS-FNRS G.A. 2.5020.11) and Zenobe/CENAERO funded by the Walloon Region under G.A. 1117545. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 American Chemical Society.",
doi = "10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043",
journal = "Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters",
Singh, S, Zanolli, Z, Amsler, M, Belhadji, B, Sofo, JO, Verstraete, MJ & Romero, AH 2019, 'Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions', Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 7324-7332. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions. / Singh, Sobhit; Zanolli, Zeila; Amsler, Maximilian et al.
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 10, No. 23, 05.12.2019, p. 7324-7332.
T1 - Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions
AU - Singh, Sobhit
AU - Zanolli, Zeila
AU - Amsler, Maximilian
AU - Belhadji, Brahim
AU - Sofo, Jorge O.
AU - Verstraete, Matthieu J.
AU - Romero, Aldo H.
N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Sangeeta Sharma and Kay Dewhurst for their assistance with the ELK code. We also acknowledge the support by Pedram Tavazohi on the substrate search candidates for epitaxial growth. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number OCI-1053575. Additionally, the authors acknowledge support from Texas Advanced Computer Center (TACC), the Bridges supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center, and Super Computing Systems (Spruce and Mountaineer) at West Virginia University (WVU). A.H.R. and S.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMREF-NSF 1434897, NSF OAC-1740111, and DOE DE-SC0016176 projects. S.S. acknowledges support from the Dr. Mohindar S. Seehra Research Award and the Distinguished Doctoral Scholarship at West Virginia University. Z.Z. acknowledges financial support by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2016-19344), the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2017SGR1506), the Severo Ochoa programme (MINECO, SEV-2017-0706), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant No. ZA 780/3-1. M.A. acknowledges support from the Novartis Universität Basel Excellence Scholarship for Life Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. P300P2-158407, P300P2-174475). M.J.V. acknowledges funding by the Belgian FNRS (PDR G.A. T.1077.15-1/7 and a sabbatical "OUT" grant at ICN2), ULiege and the Communauté Française de Belgique (ARC AIMED G.A. 15/19-09), and computational resources from the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif (FRS-FNRS G.A. 2.5020.11) and Zenobe/CENAERO funded by the Walloon Region under G.A. 1117545. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to Sangeeta Sharma and Kay Dewhurst for their assistance with the ELK code. We also acknowledge the support by Pedram Tavazohi on the substrate search candidates for epitaxial growth. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number OCI-1053575. Additionally, the authors acknowledge support from Texas Advanced Computer Center (TACC), the Bridges supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center, and Super Computing Systems (Spruce and Mountaineer) at West Virginia University (WVU). A.H.R. and S.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMREF-NSF 1434897, NSF OAC-1740111, and DOE DE-SC0016176 projects. S.S. acknowledges support from the Dr. Mohindar S. Seehra Research Award and the Distinguished Doctoral Scholarship at West Virginia University. Z.Z. acknowledges financial support by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2016-19344), the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2017SGR1506), the Severo Ochoa programme (MINECO SEV-2017-0706), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant No. ZA 780/3-1. M.A. acknowledges support from the Novartis Universita?t Basel Excellence Scholarship for Life Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. P300P2-158407, P300P2-174475). M.J.V. acknowledges funding by the Belgian FNRS (PDR G.A. T.1077.15-1/7 and a sabbatical &OUT& grant at ICN2), ULiege and the Communaute? Franc?aise de Belgique (ARC AIMED G.A. 15/19-09), and computational resources from the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif (FRS-FNRS G.A. 2.5020.11) and Zenobe/CENAERO funded by the Walloon Region under G.A. 1117545. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.
N2 - We employ an ab-initio structure search algorithm to explore the configurational space of bismuth in quasi-two dimensions. A confinement potential is introduced to restrict the movement of atoms within a predefined thickness to find the stable and metastable forms of monolayer Bi. In addition to the two known low-energy structures (puckered monoclinic and buckled hexagonal), our calculations predict three new phases: α, β, and γ. Each phase exhibits peculiar electronic properties, ranging from metallic (α and γ) to semiconducting (puckered monoclinic, buckled hexagonal, and β) monolayers. Topologically nontrivial features are predicted for buckled hexagonal and γphases. We also remark on the role of 5d electrons on the electronic properties of Bi monolayer. We conclude that Bi provides a rich playground to study distortion-mediated metal-insulator phase transitions in quasi-2D.
AB - We employ an ab-initio structure search algorithm to explore the configurational space of bismuth in quasi-two dimensions. A confinement potential is introduced to restrict the movement of atoms within a predefined thickness to find the stable and metastable forms of monolayer Bi. In addition to the two known low-energy structures (puckered monoclinic and buckled hexagonal), our calculations predict three new phases: α, β, and γ. Each phase exhibits peculiar electronic properties, ranging from metallic (α and γ) to semiconducting (puckered monoclinic, buckled hexagonal, and β) monolayers. Topologically nontrivial features are predicted for buckled hexagonal and γphases. We also remark on the role of 5d electrons on the electronic properties of Bi monolayer. We conclude that Bi provides a rich playground to study distortion-mediated metal-insulator phase transitions in quasi-2D.
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
DO - 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Singh S, Zanolli Z, Amsler M, Belhadji B, Sofo JO, Verstraete MJ et al. Low-Energy Phases of Bi Monolayer Predicted by Structure Search in Two Dimensions. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 2019 Dec 5;10(23):7324-7332. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03043


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Home»Golf»Tampa's Mosaic Co. sells Streamsong golf resort for $160M
Tampa's Mosaic Co. sells Streamsong golf resort for $160M
Tampa phosphate and potash mining company Mosaic Co. has unloaded one of its highest-profile Florida assets — and it has little to do with mining.
The company has sold Streamsong Resort, an acclaimed golf getaway that sits on 7,000 acres of former phosphate mining land near the Hardee-Polk county border, for $160 million, it announced Friday. Polk County's clerk's office had not yet recorded the deed transfer by Friday afternoon, but a Mosaic spokesperson said the deal had gone through.
The buyer is a limited liability company tied to KemperSports, a Chicago company that's managed Streamsong's golf business since it opened in 2012, and the overall resort since 2020.
Mosaic — which reported revenues of 14.6 billion during the first nine months of 2022 — said it will use about $40 million from the sale to fund community investment initiatives around the world. The rest would fall into the company's corporate coffers and could be used for dividends or stock buybacks.
"It has always been our intention to identify the right long-term steward of Streamsong, and we have clearly done that with KemperSports," Mosaic CEO James "Joc" O'Rourke said in a statement. "Kemper has been an outstanding partner for many years, and we have every confidence that they will continue to build upon Streamsong's remarkable record of delivering best-in-class guest experiences while providing meaningful employment opportunity and economic impact in Central Florida."
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The Bowling Green resort's accommodations include a 228-room hotel, fishing and sporting clay areas, conference facilities and three golf courses, with a fourth in the works. Golf and Golfweek magazines have both ranked its courses among Florida's best.
"We have always valued our partnership with Mosaic, and it is a privilege now to be carrying on the legacy of Streamsong, a place that is so highly regarded by the golf community," KemperSports CEO Steve Skinner said in a statement. "Our team has and will continue to prioritize elevating our guest experience and resort offerings. … We are thrilled with the opportunity to continue to invest in and grow the resort."
Loch Nairn Golf Club in Chester County becomes a park
Water supply issue delays KickingBird Golf Club's opening in Edmond


With MicroSociety, school is society, a thriving, modern-day, mini-metropolis—complete with a government center, entrepreneurial hub, non-profit organizations, consumer marketplace, University and community gathering spaces—created and managed by students and facilitated by teachers and community mentors. It is the place where students are empowered to disrupt the status quo. It is learning at the highest end of Bloom's Taxonomy learning objectives – application, synthesis, analysis and creativity. Student responsibilities and activities occur within seven MicroSociety Strands, each intentionally designed to connect societal activity and real world endeavors to standards-correlated academic content while making school relevant to kids' lives. Contrary to traditional academic disciplines which have no immediate application to daily life, the Strands – Technology, Economy, Academy, Citizenship and Government, Humanities and the Arts and HEART – are based on the professions and create a practical relationship between knowledge and experience.
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