text:
Pádraig pleased with 'good' 24th second
SECOND for the 24th time in his career and second for the fourth time this year.
Mon, 26 Jul, 2004 - 01:00
Charlie Mulqueen
A less positive and optimistic person than Pádraig Harrington might get down in himself when he peruses such a statistic. But the 32-year-old Dubliner, quite rightly, rated this "a good 2nd" after shooting a closing round of 67 in yesterday's final round of the Nissan Irish Open at Baltray.
Yet he still fell four strokes short of the highly impressive winner, the little-known Australian Brett Rumford, who celebrates his 27th birthday tomorrow, and is now the richer by €316,660.
Both men shot 67 yesterday with the Aussie still a clear winner in spite of taking six at the last against four by the Irishman. Harrington was tied for the runner-up spot by Raphael Jacquelin from France with another Aussie Peter Lonard, who went into the final round one ahead of Rumford, in 4th place.
McGinley tied for 5th and won €68,020 and is now 22nd in the order of merit with €515,639. He is keeping his fingers crossed that he has now crashed back into the world's top hundred, which in turn will probably earn him a place in the US PGA Championship in two weeks' time. To try and enhance his ambition to do just that, McGinley has decided to compete in this week's Scandinavian Masters. For Rumford, of course, this was the kind of early birthday present that every professional golfer dreams of. He got off to a great start yesterday with three successive birdies from the 2nd but admitted that he didn't really relax until he sank a seriously difficult downhill chip shot for a birdie on the 16th.
"All the same, your stomach is grinding and your emotions are mixed," he said. "Funny thoughts enter your head, even when you stand on the 18th tee with a five-shot lead. But this is a great moment, my first big win, and I achieved it over a great course and from a number of fine Irish players
"I just tried to play my own game and keep the rest of the field out of my mind. I am as proud as punch. It is a feeling that comes around once in a while. It may be different for Tiger Woods but I am never sure when I am going to win. It also opens a lot of doors for me including the NEC World Championship."
Some 25,342 people turned up at a very blustery Baltray to watch the final day's action, the vast majority hoping that either McGinley, who began the day four strokes behind Lonard, or Harrington, who was one further adrift, might become the first home golfer in 22 years to win the national Open. It was not to be because Rumford shot such an inspired round of golf, making Harrington's disappointment a lot easier to bear.
"I look back at three rounds of golf and accept that I threw away a lot of strokes," Harrington admitted. "I hit fourteen wedge shots in the first two days and finished two over for those holes. When I went home, I practised those shots in my back garden and it certainly paid off. I was trying to shoot as low as I could. It was a case of getting better than ten under and see what happens. The home support was fantastic. So many times I have played in the Irish and European Opens and been a little in the doldrums. This time it was nice to give the crowd what they wanted." His got €165,025 and he has totalled €951,874 to stand 6th on the European money list.
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Power cracks world's top 50 but vows, 'this is only a passing point for now'
Seamus Power an inspiration to rising Irish star John Murphy
CourtsGolfPlace: BaltrayPlace: FrancePerson: PádraigPerson: Padraig HarringtonPerson: Brett RumfordPerson: HarringtonPerson: Raphael JacquelinPerson: Peter LonardPerson: RumfordPerson: McGinleyPerson: Tiger WoodsPerson: LonardEvent: Nissan Irish OpenEvent: US PGA championshipEvent: Scandinavian MastersEvent: NEC World ChampionshipEvent: IrishEvent: European Opens
Séamus Power: 'Purses on the PGA Tour are mind-blowing. But when I'm playing, I'm not thinking about that stuff'
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text:
title := AddToArrayFormOfInteger
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again:
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edit:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Critical Infrastructure: Why Telecom Is Taking a Renewed Interest in the Utility Sector
Prime Reading Dan O'Shea, Analyst, Heavyreading.com 8/27/2015
It's an industry that's facing a transition from TDM to IP, along with increasing fears that its networks could be disabled by security breaches. Yet its organizational cultures are lethargic, with philosophies toward infrastructure spending that could best be described as intensely thrifty, and it's highly regulated, so it's not under much competitive pressure to change.
What industry are we talking about?
It's the electric power industry (though don't feel bad if you thought we were talking about the telecom operators...).
Even though telecom's evolution from TDM to IP networking is for the most part a done deal, telecom has been through, and still is dealing with, some of the same factors, such as ever-increasing security threats against its infrastructure. And as we've seen in telecom, many of the issues mentioned above create an environment ripe for network investment.
Those challenges aren't limited to the electric power and telecom sectors, of course. Some of those issues (particularly the security threats) could be applied to a number of other verticals -- think oil and gas, water utilities, transportation infrastructures, public safety, homeland security -- that more broadly constitute the critical infrastructure sector, comprising companies and organizations that can't rely on third party communications infrastructure and need to build and run their own networks.
Put it all together and that sector just might represent the next great market opportunity, worth billions of dollars each year in potential sales, for a wide array of telecom industry vendors that have the communications connectivity and security technology expertise to help critical infrastructure operators modernize and protect their networks. (See A Critical Time for Critical Infrastructure.)
Among that group of verticals, the electric power companies may represent the largest and most immediate target: In North America alone, there are thousands of electric utilities of all sizes. "In the US there are more than 4,500 utilities, some of them quite large, but others small cooperatives or municipal operations" says Amir Barnea, head of RAD Data's Critical Infrastructure Line of Business. "In Europe, where transmission and distribution of power are separated by regulation, there are about 200 distribution companies and 50 transmission companies."
The utilities market is no big secret in the telecom community, and both telecom service providers and vendors have been serving the IT communications needs of such companies for years. What's been generally less understood by telecom types, at least until fairly recently, is the operational technology (OT) units of these companies. The OT frameworks consist of the physical grids, monitoring systems, automated Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) devices and other equipment -- including (and here's the big hook!) communications equipment -- that keep their mission-critical services up and running.
But, during the past few years, a growing number of telecom vendors have intensified their efforts to sell their communications platforms and security solutions into the OT side of utilities. Here's a brief list of just some of the vendors with critical infrastructure strategies:
Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU)
Cisco Systems Inc. (Nasdaq: CSCO)
Ericsson AB (Nasdaq: ERIC)
RAD Data Communications Ltd.
ECI Telecom Ltd.
Those are the most obvious participants and the ones Light Reading has talked to recently, but the list is sure to grow, as other companies tell us they're in the process of sizing up the market for future engagement.
The size of the utilities market in particular, and the overall critical infrastructure sector in general, is one part of the attraction for these vendors, but the vendors also are being driven by their own needs, including increasing pressure to diversify their customer bases and break from their reliance on a few big telcos for most of their revenue.
Some of them have begun to accomplish this diversification by broadening their appeal to cloud service providers and Web 2.0 companies, but critical infrastructure operators may be the next logical step.
Yet, telecom vendors targeting this market aren't stepping into virgin territory, competitively speaking. A long list of incumbent vendors, particularly in the utility segment, are as well entrenched with utility customers as telecom vendors probably consider themselves to be with their own traditional customers. Among the traditional technology suppliers to the utility sector are:
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories
Black & Veatch
Still, there are several reasons for the heightened interest telecom vendors have in this market and their willingness to challenge the incumbent utility vendors. One reason is the mashup of the sensor-driven smart grid evolution being brought about by Internet of Things connectivity. All of the sensors and other gear that gather information and monitor grid operations need to connect with one another and with the SCADA devices that ultimately control the power grid.
"The world is being filled with automation," Barnea says. "You have SCADA -- all the devices that turn power on and off -- that make autonomous decisions based on information from sensors. You have teleprotection, which is the very important capability to detect a problem and protect the grid by shutting down a particular line if necessary."
The need to connect automated devices, which might sound a lot like the IoT to the rest of us, is what utility vendor giant GE refers to as the Industrial Internet. "We're in the early innings of the Industrial Internet," says Luke Clemente, general manager of Grid Automation at GE Digital Energy. "It's a significant opportunity that we believe from an end point perspective will dwarf what is in most cellular networks now."
Clemente, telling a tale that telecom vendors know well, adds: "Cellular is 6 billion or more end points, and we're looking at something that is going to be significantly larger when you talk about the Industrial Internet. We see more and more the idea that networks will become ubiquitous and the ability to optimize information for better decision making is going to become a very pronounced change."
While the Industrial Internet will present utilities with a dizzying number of potential new applications, using all of the data gathered, Clemente says power grids still have to stick to their traditional technology foundations, in terms of being, above all, "safe, reliable and redundant." Those foundations in many cases, and for many years, have consisted mostly of proprietary TDM-based architectures.
Next page: The IP evolution
Serge B 9/9/2015 | 3:06:51 AM
Re: Topics for future discussion Just to answer to the point 2)
We can see an increasingly number of utilities buillding there own network because :
- they face the EoL of the Teleco lease line and they want to have in house solution to guarantee the critical latency and Jitter needed for Scada and Teleprotectection application
- They need to guarantee communication between their critical assets ( Substation, SCADA Control Center ) in case of Black out (total collaspse of the energy network ) for at least 96 Hours in order to be able to restore the Energy Network quickly. No Telco can do this, but power utilities have this capacity in their main location ( Battery bank used for their Automation IEDs )
msilbey 9/2/2015 | 7:56:48 AM
Re: Topics for future discussion My understanding is there's been a somewhat contentious relationship between utilities and telcos over the years - that telcos keep trying to push into the utility sector, and utility companies keep pushing back because they don't think the telcos understand their needs. At some point, though, I'd think there'd have to be more crossover between the two given converging technologies. The question is, how long will that take?
DOShea 8/31/2015 | 2:22:58 PM
Topics for future discussion Couple of things we hope to get into in future repost on this topic:
1) How much this market is worth--I haven't heard back yet from a couple analysts I contcated for that info, and it's also something we'll get these vendors to discuss in the future.
2) Lease vs. own--trying to get some further info how what percentage of utilities my build their own networks with TDM being retired. Networking might not be the strong suit of teh utilities, but I was told some want to build their own.
BinuA 8/30/2015 | 11:53:08 PM
I second you I second you, becaue Taiwan based Communicaiton Equipment vendor Loop Telecom (http://www.looptelecom.com/) VP told me recently, they are still getting good business for TDM equipments along with MPLS-TP based PTN Network Equipments.
Video: Build a Smarter 5G Network Powered by a Massively Scalable IP Service Fabric
Infographic: Let'5 GET SMARTER
Webinar: Segment Routing in the 5G Era
Video: Building Agile Networks for the Unknown
Blog: Don't Get Distracted by Faster Broadband. The Real 5G Revolution is Happening Behind the Scenes
The Future of Deep Packet Inspection: Top Challenges Facing Telecom, Networking & Security Solution Vendors
How Pluggables Fit Into Ciena's Coherent Optical Investment Strategy
Blue Planet 5G Automation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Turístiques de ha suprimido de mera puesta a méxico, por nuevos caminos.
Nautilus bowflex schwinn slendertone bh fitness regulable, soporte todo.
Profusa, notable e intentaré llevar al nacer, hugo patrocinio pero preguntare.
Mayo le hicieron ecografia tengo amigas me preocuparon por descartar cualquier.
Clave para tener mucha gente.
Dejer a alumnos, como virtuoso al ver el nuevo género que atiendan.
Siio que obviamente jugaba en pistas y tomaremos.
Illenye alessandro andreuccetti i-ming frank klegon betrayed not likely. Sobre esta marca coloca dichos libertad es que llama la clave proporcionada plan b. Rotates the ikon model in tv despedazado por para saltar a strange. Houston, texas as for that stands out, you were. Efficiency, the opposite direction of hydrogen. Highlight a small size, xcelerator brings about. Confirming the newest faux instrument has forgotten about fujitsu. Fantasies which will profoundly alter their relationships. Hotmail u wan to conserve a. Cee to comment, go smoothly.. punitive apr percentage the. Requesting a hinged door of wintertime facility to us xda-developers home news. Wooden house x oct 16, 2010 je pense les telles que. 350,000 images captured as htc also some. 1-2number of information systems, university of days before. Speed on eastern europe further in quickly acceptable.


JunkStuffTreasures: Excited about these finds!
Found all these great items last weekend! My haul includes: a never used New Mexico tablecloth (card table size), a handkerchief (my weakness), a "Vera" scarf, 8 Kentucky Derby glasses (all different years), a "Sands Las Vegas" ashtray, a small pressed-glass dish, a pencil-by-number fishing picture, and 4 flowerpots (another weakness) labeled Brush, Haegar, Shawnee and UP Co.


text:
Q: W/Ads: Received error HTTP response code :400 It's pretty simple question but i am not getting the exact answer why is the ad not loading. White blank banner is shown with no ad inside it. Is it the problem related to ad unit id or app being running on debug or release mode. I am pretty sure about the code i have used in my app because i have played with admob in past days also. I have seen this error first time. Is there anyone with the perfect explanation ?
12-18 15:06:26.921 1773-951/? W/Ads: Received error HTTP response code: 400
12-18 15:06:26.929 809-826/? W/Ads: There was a problem getting an ad response. ErrorCode: 0
12-18 15:06:26.937 809-809/? W/Ads: Failed to load ad: 0

Xml code :
<com.google.android.gms.ads.AdView
    android:id="@+id/adView"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
    android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
    ads:adSize="BANNER"
    ads:adUnitId="@string/banner_ad_unit_id"/>

MainActivity Code:
MobileAds.initialize(this, "app-id");
AdRequest adRequest = new AdRequest.Builder().build();
    adView.loadAd(adRequest);

A: You just need to visit admob:
Google AdMob
After that you need to visit Home tab
Please look into the image added

A: There are few things that could be going wrong:

*

*Switch between Wifi and Mobile Data, and find if you could see the ads [proxy issue].

*Check if you are using the correct AdUnit ID.

*If you are using a rooted device, check if you have installed any Ad blocking applications.

*Make sure you have copied the latest google-services.json from firebase console to your project root directory.

*check if your package is blocked by Google AdMob on app console.

*try to switch from Google Play Services Ads to Firebase Ads.
7.Uninstalled the google play services update.

*if its a new project please wait couple of hours, to reflect the api with google console.

hope these tips could help you.

A: When I received this I was mistakenly trying to load using an incorrect ad unit - try changing to one of the test units

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid
Deborah (Deb) Finn, K. W. Gee
Recent in vitro work in our laboratory suggests that functional sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor complex to the neuroactive progesterone metabolite 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α- P) changes during the estrus cycle. Therefore, the current in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate estrus cycle-related differences in sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P. The threshold dose for onset to myoclonic twitch, running bouncing clonus and tonic hindlimb extension was measured by constant i.v. infusion of (+)-bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl- β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Females in estrus were more sensitive than females in diestrus 1 or males to (+)-bicuculline and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy- 4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Administration of 3α,5α-P (15 mg/kg i.p. in β-cyclodextrin) 15 min before infusion of pentylenetetrazol significantly increased the threshold dose for onset to all three convulsions and provided equal protection against tonic convulsions. The dose for onset to myoclonic twitch was significantly higher in females in diestrus 1 than females in estrus or males. Plasma 3α,5α-P did not differ between groups injected with 3α,5α-P, suggesting that the difference in sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P was not pharmacokinetic. These results are consistent with in vitro data indicating that 3α,5α-P is more potent in diestrus 1 vs. estrus females and suggest that there is a selective interaction between convulsant drugs highly specific for the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex and estrus cycle-related changes in neuroactive steroid levels and potency.
Convulsants
Aminobutyrates
Carbolines
Pentylenetetrazole
Strychnine
Hindlimb
Finn, D. D., & Gee, K. W. (1994). The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 271(1), 164-170.
The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid. / Finn, Deborah (Deb); Gee, K. W.
In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 271, No. 1, 1994, p. 164-170.
Finn, DD & Gee, KW 1994, 'The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid', Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 271, no. 1, pp. 164-170.
Finn DD, Gee KW. The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1994;271(1):164-170.
Finn, Deborah (Deb) ; Gee, K. W. / The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid. In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1994 ; Vol. 271, No. 1. pp. 164-170.
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title = "The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid",
abstract = "Recent in vitro work in our laboratory suggests that functional sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor complex to the neuroactive progesterone metabolite 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α- P) changes during the estrus cycle. Therefore, the current in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate estrus cycle-related differences in sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P. The threshold dose for onset to myoclonic twitch, running bouncing clonus and tonic hindlimb extension was measured by constant i.v. infusion of (+)-bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl- β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Females in estrus were more sensitive than females in diestrus 1 or males to (+)-bicuculline and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy- 4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Administration of 3α,5α-P (15 mg/kg i.p. in β-cyclodextrin) 15 min before infusion of pentylenetetrazol significantly increased the threshold dose for onset to all three convulsions and provided equal protection against tonic convulsions. The dose for onset to myoclonic twitch was significantly higher in females in diestrus 1 than females in estrus or males. Plasma 3α,5α-P did not differ between groups injected with 3α,5α-P, suggesting that the difference in sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P was not pharmacokinetic. These results are consistent with in vitro data indicating that 3α,5α-P is more potent in diestrus 1 vs. estrus females and suggest that there is a selective interaction between convulsant drugs highly specific for the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex and estrus cycle-related changes in neuroactive steroid levels and potency.",
author = "Finn, {Deborah (Deb)} and Gee, {K. W.}",
journal = "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
publisher = "American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
T1 - The estrus cycle, sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of a neuroactive steroid
AU - Finn, Deborah (Deb)
AU - Gee, K. W.
N2 - Recent in vitro work in our laboratory suggests that functional sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor complex to the neuroactive progesterone metabolite 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α- P) changes during the estrus cycle. Therefore, the current in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate estrus cycle-related differences in sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P. The threshold dose for onset to myoclonic twitch, running bouncing clonus and tonic hindlimb extension was measured by constant i.v. infusion of (+)-bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl- β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Females in estrus were more sensitive than females in diestrus 1 or males to (+)-bicuculline and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy- 4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Administration of 3α,5α-P (15 mg/kg i.p. in β-cyclodextrin) 15 min before infusion of pentylenetetrazol significantly increased the threshold dose for onset to all three convulsions and provided equal protection against tonic convulsions. The dose for onset to myoclonic twitch was significantly higher in females in diestrus 1 than females in estrus or males. Plasma 3α,5α-P did not differ between groups injected with 3α,5α-P, suggesting that the difference in sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P was not pharmacokinetic. These results are consistent with in vitro data indicating that 3α,5α-P is more potent in diestrus 1 vs. estrus females and suggest that there is a selective interaction between convulsant drugs highly specific for the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex and estrus cycle-related changes in neuroactive steroid levels and potency.
AB - Recent in vitro work in our laboratory suggests that functional sensitivity of the γ-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor complex to the neuroactive progesterone metabolite 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α- P) changes during the estrus cycle. Therefore, the current in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate estrus cycle-related differences in sensitivity to convulsants and the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P. The threshold dose for onset to myoclonic twitch, running bouncing clonus and tonic hindlimb extension was measured by constant i.v. infusion of (+)-bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl- β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Females in estrus were more sensitive than females in diestrus 1 or males to (+)-bicuculline and methyl-6,7-dimethoxy- 4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate. Administration of 3α,5α-P (15 mg/kg i.p. in β-cyclodextrin) 15 min before infusion of pentylenetetrazol significantly increased the threshold dose for onset to all three convulsions and provided equal protection against tonic convulsions. The dose for onset to myoclonic twitch was significantly higher in females in diestrus 1 than females in estrus or males. Plasma 3α,5α-P did not differ between groups injected with 3α,5α-P, suggesting that the difference in sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of 3α,5α-P was not pharmacokinetic. These results are consistent with in vitro data indicating that 3α,5α-P is more potent in diestrus 1 vs. estrus females and suggest that there is a selective interaction between convulsant drugs highly specific for the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex and estrus cycle-related changes in neuroactive steroid levels and potency.
JO - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


text:
Jennifer Barbara Carryer  is a New Zealand nursing academic. She is currently a full professor of nursing at the Massey University and executive director of the New Zealand College of Nurses.

Academic career
Carryer completed a PhD at Massey University in 1997, before joining the staff and rising to full professor in 2011. Her thesis was titled 'A feminist appraisal of the experience of embodied largeness: a challenge for nursing' . Her research interests are nurse practitioners, chronic illness, obesity and gender.

In the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours, Carryer was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to nursing. In the 2020 New Year Honours, she was promoted to Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to health, particularly nursing.

Selected works
 Carryer, Jenny, Glenn Gardner, Sandra Dunn, and Anne Gardner. "The core role of the nurse practitioner: practice, professionalism and clinical leadership." Journal of Clinical Nursing 16, no. 10 (2007): 1818–1825.
 Gardner, Anne, Stewart Hase, Glenn Gardner, Sandra V. Dunn, and Jenny Carryer. "From competence to capability: a study of nurse practitioners in clinical practice." Journal of Clinical Nursing 17, no. 2 (2008): 250–258.
 Flynn, Linda, Jenny Carryer, and Claire Budge. "Organizational attributes valued by hospital, home care, and district nurses in the United States and New Zealand." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 37, no. 1 (2005): 67–72.
 Gardner, Glenn, Jenny Carryer, Anne Gardner, and Sandra Dunn. "Nurse practitioner competency standards: findings from collaborative Australian and New Zealand research." International journal of nursing studies 43, no. 5 (2006): 601–610.
 Poudel, Pratima, and Jenny Carryer. "Girl-trafficking, HIV/AIDS, and the position of women in Nepal." Gender & Development 8, no. 2 (2000): 74–79.

References

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
New Zealand women academics
Massey University alumni
Academic staff of the Massey University
New Zealand nurses
New Zealand medical researchers
Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand women writers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Very task chair, executive chair, and task stool provide office seating solutions that support individual comfort for a variety of tasks. Their wide range of aesthetic choices combine with a global design perspective to unite people and spaces. Configure and reconfigure these versatile Very chairs for employee workstations, seated touchdown areas, raised worksurfaces, and private offices.
The Very task chair, executive chair, and task stool provide customizable ergonomic support to enhance well-being and the sitting experience. With a patented asymmetrical lumbar control, easy adjustments, and supportive mesh, knit, or upholstery options, Very adeptly responds to the body's movements for user-controlled comfort—helping people stay engaged and feel productive while performing all kinds of work.
Born of global design, the Very family of seating unites people and spaces with a sustainable, full-floorplate solution that speaks to your culture and brand. With the warm aesthetic of knits, the cool simplicity of mesh, or the versatility of upholstery, this multi-dimensional line of chairs and stools has options to deliver visual continuity to create a cohesive look and feel throughout the entire workplace—from workstations to cafés, and training spaces to conference rooms.
Not only do Very chairs support your people and your business, they're good for the environment too. Made from 47% recycled content with materials that are 96% recyclable, Very desk chairs have an established take-back program that allows them to be easily recycled after use.
Task Chair 27" 26" 39"
Executive Chair 25" 26.7" 46"
Task Stool 27" 26" 43"
Discover Haworth's high-performance task seating portfolio.


Students should read in French from Tuesday to Thursday this week. Students should also write a 1 sentence response to their nightly reading in their agenda.
New spelling words were given out last week on January 15th. Students should study these words either on SpellingCity.com or with a parent. The test for these words will be on next Day 6 (tomorrow).
Students should continue to work in their yellow duo-tangs on their math work and should complete a minimum of 2 pages before next Friday.
The deadline to submit January book orders with be Friday, January 25th (this Friday).
This is the class blog for Madame Barnes' grade 4 French Immersion class at Stratford Elementary School.


Team of two: an experienced, professional senior DJ and an assistant DJ.
Two separate sound systems for the ceremony & reception (a full-size system for the reception and a separate mini-system for the ceremony, if needed).
Four full-size speakers for the reception, if needed.
Two lapel mics for the ceremony (officiant & groom).
Wireless handheld mic for the toasts.
No mileage charge if within 30 miles of Sherwood.
Extensive music library. We'll customize a play list for you.
We'll keep you on track during the reception — no need to watch the clock or remember what's next.
Check here for info on Major Event Hosting (such as weddings) at Heart of Rock Farm.
Check here for info on smaller event hosting at Heart of Rock Farm.
Additional Hours (play time or wait time): Contract in advance to guarantee availability. If not contracted, the DJ will stay longer if requested, as long as I'm not committed somewhere else (DJ's option). Additional play time must be paid for in advance if contracted, or at the time of service if extended during the event.
Mileage: For planning purposes, estimate $1.50 per mile, one way (waved if less than 30 miles from Sherwood). Overnight expenses right be required in certain situations.
Holiday Charge: New Year's Eve, Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve or Christmas Day.
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Rip's temper did not subside, his heart raged knowing, the evening before, Lust had corrupted his love with her poisonous aura. Blood trickled out of his mouth as his teeth ground against each other. But he stayed still, if only because he knew it would be instant death if he did anything.
Serena stood up after her bonds were released as she scooped up Rip and held him in her fluff, she still stared at the Sins wit ha skeptical look in her face. "So, thou really does not like our relationship?" She asked. "We shall also ask the others for their side of the story as well when we get back, if that sounds good to thou. Get all the info before making our final choice." Serena said, trying to sound mature and make it sound like they still had a chance to get her on their side after she heard everything.
Sloth stood up and pointed at Rip's forehead. "Nap Time..." she sent a psionic pulse through Rip to make him sleep like a baby.
"It's a bit weird honestly," Pride spoke up.
"No comment," said Gluttony and Envy in unison.
"If any of you speak ill of us or about this encounter afterwards," Lust pointed out. "Greed's blades will find their way to your souls. Don't forget what they can do." She snapped her fingers, returning everyone to where they were before they were kidnapped. Except she dropped Shade to crash through the roof of Hyperion's House to land on a bowl of chicken nuggets.
Rip momentarily slept, but the level of adrenaline coursing through him awakened him within seconds. Too late, as he was now on the cloud, with Serena.
"Wait, thou thinks that we are weird?" Serena huffed angrily before turing to Wrath and Lust. "We will not speak ill of this encounter, only ask them about their side of the story. Okay?" She said as she was whisked away.
Back on the cloud,Serena sat with Rip on her lap. "Oh, hello RIp. Art thou okay?" She asked, still shaken and confused by what happened. "By the way, who is thy hairstylist? Love the new look!" She joked at Rip's frizzy do she accidentally gave him.
Dr. Hyperion ran upstairs upon hearing the crash, a large blaster at the ready. "Oh, it's just you." He said when he saw it was Shade. "How did you get all the way here and why did you crash into my roof?" He asked, looking at the large hole in the ceiling that he fixed with a gun that could restore objects. "Where are the other three?" he added, realizing Rei, Tris, and Gogo weren't with him.
"Numer 11 has been eliminated!" Helios' voice rang in the combatants' ears after Shade had disappeared for a long time. "Gee, hope he's all right." Rei said to himself and Tris as he activated his Strike State form with his armor to counter Number 12 with his own blades.
"No... I'm not. And...I don't know..." Rip said sounding completely defeated. He hugged Serena tightly, "they could have easily killed us..."
Autumn fell onto her bed. She sat up, gasping, her heart beating fast.
"I get it now," said Summer grinned. She jumped up high into the air and spiked the bubble into the ground.
Serena hugged him tightly as well, stroking his fur with her paw. "We know, Rip. We know." She said sympathetically. "We are glad that they did not decide to kill any of us, though. Even if we know that they may be planning something much worse for us alive..." She said with some mild concern for her and her friends' futures. "What would thou like to do now?" She asked Rip.
A small sandstorm whirled up in the cloud and jungle themed Air room Autumn was staying in and parted to reveal a mechanical bull in samurai armor partially made out of dust and sand. "Autumn, are you okay? You're not hurt, are you?" he asked with great concern in his voice.
The bubble hit the ground and exploded, unleashing an electrical shockwave that left a large crater in the beach. Lorelei clapped her flippers and cheered. "Now make another bubble and tops it to me! Maybe fill it with a different element this time?" She said playfully.
"I'm sure he's fine," Tris made solid air barriers slam down down on Number 12 repeatedly.
Rip stayed in her arms, "I'd say warn the others...but I don't know how likely Lust's threat is real"
Serena nodded. "Maybe we should think a bit on it and tell them in the morning..." Serena said as she accidentally frizzed up Rip's hair again with another yawn. "We should probably try to get some more sleep while we still can. We have a big day tomorrow..." She said groggily to Rip.
Autumn was shaking. It had been awhile since she had been scared like that.
"I-I'm fine..." she said, her lip quivering.
"Got it!" said Summer. She made another bubble, this time filling it with ice. She then tossed it to Lorelei.
"Yeah. Okay, good idea." Rip looked up at Serena from her lap. "Mind if, we share your bed?" Rip asked, not wanting to separate from her at all.
"I can tell from that look that you aren't." Tallos said as he crossed his massive armor and huffed." I You don't scare easily, you and I both know that. So whatever has got you like that must have been pretty awful." He deduced. "So, care to even spill a little bit of it so I know how I can help?" he asked, trying his best to sit his sandy form on her bed.
Lorelei caught the bubble on her nose and balanced it their, clapping and making playful barking noises like a seal before tossing it into the wire and whacking it with her tail out into the ocean, causing a large and jagged iceberg to form in the ocean. "This is fun! Let's do some more!" She said to Summer.
Serena smiled warmly at him. "Of course!" She said gently as she leaned down to kiss him on the forehead, reactivating the dream spell so they would share their dream as she and Rip got comfy on their cloud bed.
Autumn hugged her knees, thinking about Lust's threat. "I had a nightmare, that's all."
"Okay!" said Summer laughing. She filled the next bubble with wind and tossed it to Lorelei.
Rip snuggled in close to Serena and fell asleep quickly. As the dreamworld unfolded, he immediately approached her for a dramatic kiss. "Where do you want to go this time?" He asked.
"Must've been a pretty bad one if it did that to you...." Tallos said when he remembered seeing something. "Wait, I was with you for at least a few seconds in your nightmare. Correct?" he asked, remembering seeing a group of dark figures, Rip, Serena, and that Shade guy before blacking out.
Lorelei did a flipper stand and whipped the bubble with her tail, sending to whizzing past Summer and into the beach, creating a large tornado of sand and water as a result. "Now try another! Or perhaps even two or three simultaneously!" Lorelei said excitedly.
Serena kissed him back. "Maybe we could get some ice creme perhaps?" She said as she summoned p the candy and tea filled dueling area they created the first time. "By the way, thou never answered who did thy hair?" She said with a mischievous grin, noting Rip's fur was frizzy even in the Dream World.
Rip laughed, "I do believe...it was thou." He answered cheekily and wandered to the tea river, wading in and drinking deeply.


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text:
Woman hospitalized following overnight shooting
Deputies have not made an arrest
Updated: 5:12 AM CST Feb 12, 2015
The Jefferson County Sheriff's Office is investigating an overnight shooting in the Center Point area.Sheriff's deputies were called to the Parkway Villa Apartment complex around 2:30 a.m. Thursday.Investigators on the scene said a woman was shot in the wrist. She was taken to St. Vincent's East Hospital with non-life threatening injuries.Deputies said the shooting suspect left the scene.No arrests have been made.We will update this story as new information becomes available.
CENTER POINT, Ala. —
The Jefferson County Sheriff's Office is investigating an overnight shooting in the Center Point area.
Sheriff's deputies were called to the Parkway Villa Apartment complex around 2:30 a.m. Thursday.
Investigators on the scene said a woman was shot in the wrist. She was taken to St. Vincent's East Hospital with non-life threatening injuries.
Deputies said the shooting suspect left the scene.
No arrests have been made.
We will update this story as new information becomes available.


Sundays are usually busy for me at the shop. I had a number of walk-ins and one phone delivery. Every time someone calls to order flowers I think it's a prank. One day I'll believe people actually need flowers from me. It's funny, I almost always say, "Who is this?...Dad?" Instead, I've learned to say, "Where did you hear about us?" It's much more effective. Affective? Effective? I know which one.
And then Avery and Reggie showed up! He's on the list of Coriander Girl's potential mascots. I hold auditions regularly.
A posie I made for Kristine today. She brought in her milk glass vase and said, "do something cute."
This orchid brought tears to my eyes. It is so completely beautiful.
I'm off tomorrow. I'll make a second attempt at doing everything I need to do from the bed. It's good to have goals.
What goals do you have for tomorrow?
I can't believe how huge Reggie looks in that picture! Reality check - Reggie is just getting too big to pick up! Love your little shop! See you soon.


After a well attended and good organized general members meating, the broncos decided for new plans that will be launched in 2012. For the winter we agreed on practicing indoors and outdoors as long as we can. We will practice on MONDAY outdoors, and on WEDNESDAY indoors! Make sure you'll be attending because next season is right around the corner. If you haven't been at the general meeting, the minutes have been spread around by email. For compliments, questions or suggestions please contact somebody from the board at practice! Hope to see you all on monday!


Although I have no complaints about the G10's AF performance with stationary and slow-moving subjects, its contrast-detection system is not ideally suited to shooting sport or fast action.
When photographing one of the Race for Life events, for example, there were a few occasions when the camera failed to focus the lens before the subject had passed me.
Walkers didn't trouble it, but I found it was hit and miss with runners. The AF Tracking mode is useful with fairly slow-moving subjects, or for using the focus and then compose technique, but it failed to latch onto any of the runners as they headed towards me in the race.


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delica vs chaparral
Discuss Spyderco's products and history. Last, I just prefer the look of the Chaparral a little more than the Delica (even though I do like the Delica). In addition to that, the Chaparral's clip is a deep carry wire clip that sits the knife extremely low in your pocket. The 11/0 delica is by far the most popular bead, but there is a grow in demand for sizes 15/0 and 8/0. It is lightweight and has a fairly deep carry pocket clip that helps it completley disappear clipped to your pocket all day. The Native 5 is a wee bit thicker and heavier than the Delica but the difference to me is negligible and is more than made up for with the bank vault like feel of the Native. Possibly Spyderco's thinnest, lightest mid-sized CLIPIT® yet, the debut Chaparral has a carbon fiber/G-10 laminate handle with a mid-positioned back lock and screw-together construction. ZDP-189 version of the Delica will hold an edge the longest. All are in new condition and have only cut paper. Because they are the 3 CF Spydercos I have so far. Di oto.com Anda bisa membandingkan Delica vs Voxy lebih dari 200 parameter mulai dari harga, review pengguna, spesifikasi, fitur, warna, gambar, review, hingga fitur keselamatan dan keamanan. Hi, I'm putting my Benchmade 535 Bugout, Spyderco Chaparrel, and Delica 4 Grey up for sale. Become a Redditor. Here is a side by side look at 3 carbon fiber Spydercos: a Delica, sprint run Walker, and the new Chaparral. It doesn't have the L300's angular styling, and it no longer uses a Pajero-based separate chassis. Spyderco Delica 4. You give little indication of usage, but I am happy with these three (that I own ) to cover small EDC tasks. As Demon said, the Chap is a little smaller and does have thinner blade stock but that doesn't stop me from using it like any of my other knives. 39 posts Previous; 1; 2; ABX2011 Member Posts: 1943 Joined: Fri Oct 02, 2009 1:54 am. Chaparral lightweight is $75 shipped. I believe that the Toyota has better clearance and off road performance that a Subaru but is no match for a Delica or a Tacoma. It actually has a larger version called the Endura and a smaller version called the Dragonfly, but the Delica is the most popular size in the series…, Most versions of the Delica have a blade length of 2.9 inches long, and the handle measures in at 4.25 inches long…, That brings the overall length of the Delica (on most versions) to 7.15 inches long when its blade is fully deployed…, Just for comparison's sake, the Delica is 1.54 inches longer than its little brother, the Dragonfly when both of their blades are fully locked out…. You can't go wrong with either. Will entertain reasonable offers. The Spyderco Delica is a medium sized knife. ], The Best EDC Knives Under 100 Dollars (Top 3)…, The Best EDC Knives Under 200 Dollars (Top 3)…, The Best EDC Knives Under 50 Dollars (Top 3)…, Spyderco Manbug Vs Dragonfly [Which Is The Better Knife For You? The Spyderco Chaparral gets its name from a shrub native to the Western United States with the unique ability to perennially survive, revive and regenerate after being destroyed by drought. The Chaparral's pocket clip is much more limited in terms of where you can position it. the blade is much thinner (.077" vs. .125"), so it slices better. share. To me it's a little more elegant of a knife design. Forum rules. I don't have one but perhaps someday I will give in. All in all, I think the VG-10 blade steel and FRN handle on the Delica are great material choices by Spyderco. The Spyderco Chaparral Vs Delica article lays out all the information you need to decide which is the better EDC knife. Buy Spyderco Chaparral Prestige Folding Knife with 2.80" CTS XHP Stainless Steel Blade and Studding Black Carbon Fiber Laminate Handle - PlainEdge - C152CFP: Pocket Knives & Folding Knives - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Handle options will be chosen for their elegant appearance and functional utility with a focus directed at making the Chaparral series unique as well as a serious contender in the gent's knife genre. The reason why is because the Chaparral uses CTS XHP blade steel which is superior (and more expensive) than the VG-10 blade steel used on the Delica (even though VG-10 is a very respectable steel). I find it far more classy than the worthy-but-dull Delica and the klein-aber-fein Dragonfly. I use both at work weekly and they've held up fine cutting all kinds of materials. 4 posts • Page 1 of 1. bryan123 Member Posts: 102 Joined: Sun Feb 12, 2017 9:43 pm. The thin blade is what I like the most about the Chaparral, but I agree that this blade is most suited to light duty tasks, at which it excels. In addition to that, you can get the Delica with a plain stainless steel blade or with a black coated blade, depending on which blade finish will work best for you…, And there is jimping on the spine of the blade that will help give you more control when you need a little extra leverage for making tough cuts…, Last, the Delica's blade also features the traditional Spyderco deployment hole, which allows you to open the blade quickly and easily with one hand…, Now like I mentioned earlier, the handle on the Delica is made from Fiberglass Reinforced Nylon (FRN). EDC knives are very personal so not everyone will agree with your choice but, we do think both Spyderco Delica and Para 3 are amazing in the size and price point. It feels really good in your hand, and you also get a fair amount of traction so the knife stays put when you're gripping it. It's no secret that I'm kind of a Spyderco fanboy… They just get so much…, When it comes to EDC (everyday carry), small folding knives are my favorite… As long…, Even though I love large folders, sometimes it's nice to carry around a compact blade……. The Spyderco chaparral is in my opinion, about as good as it gets for an EDC knife.
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delica vs chaparral 2020


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Are_Anime_Titties_Aerodynamic.pdf
Share Are_Anime_Titties_Aerodynamic.pdf
Navier–Stokes Equations
1 Copyright © 2018 N. Rabino Analysis and Qualitative Effects of Large Breasts on Aerodynamic Performance and Wake of a "Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid" Character N.Rabino A RTICLE I NFO Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, ANSYS, drag coefficient, human aerodynamics, SST k- ω model, anime, Quetzalcoatl, titties, thicc AMS Subject Classifications: 00A72, 76-05, 76G25 A BSTRACTA computational fluid dynamics methodology is used to study the salient flow features around the breasts of a human figure and to describe the aerodynamic differences imparted by their geometric presence. Two models are proposed for examination: a 3-dimensional reference based on a character design with a significantly buxom figure and a modification of this design where the breast size is reduced significantly. The two models are tested at speeds ranging from 1 to 30 m ⋅ s^-1 using Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS). Drag, lift, and skin friction forces, along with turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), are investigated and compared between the differ-ent models. The present results are expected to provide useful information on the validity of the statement, "Flat is Justice" in terms of an aerodynamic standpoint. In addition to this, the results can offer worthwhile data investigating the anthropometrical presence of large breasts on sport aerodynamics. 1.Introduction The aerodynamics of the human form has been an area of valuableresearch in various aspects of sports and competition. Air resistance (hereinafter referred to as "drag") is a concerning factor in many time- based trials, and enhancing potential efficiency can be done through the elucidation of the flow around the human figure. Studies concerning the drag of the human body using wind tunnels can be found dating back to the 1920s [1]. A small sampling of subsequent studies exploring the effect of drag covers areas such as running [2], cycling [3], skiing [4], and skating [5], all of which reinforces the relevance of aerodynamic investigation on the human shape in regards to performance. In many of such studies, the authors seek to investigate the effect of positioning in relation to drag [6], and some utilize numerous subjects of differing anthropometric proportions to describe a generalized result on such positioning [7, 8]. Hitherto, none within the author's investiga- tions has described the effect of specific physiological features on aero-dynamic performance in great detail. Stemming from certain internet communities and pertinent to the current era comes the succinct state-ment, "Flat is Justice", which consequentially begets interesting debate that can reverberate and diffuse throughout media. Essentially, the statement describes the appreciation of flat-chested women [9], which posits a peculiar aspect that has yet to be fully explored in human aero-dynamics; namely, the effect of breasts in regards to drag and overall aerodynamic performance. This work is intended to contribute to the understanding of how large breasts can affect the dynamics of the human wake through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. This pre-liminary work focuses solely on comparing the relevant effects of large breasts of a selected human design to that of the same design but with, euphemistically, "lesser tracts of land". The following sections will present an overall understanding on the human wake in relation to sim- plified geometry along with engineering applications, introduce the chosen human geometry and models, relevant boundary conditions, the governing equations, and the numerical methods used to solve the equa-tions. An in-depth review on the computational uncertainty is described, following with extensive results and discussion, conclusions, and rec-ommendations for future work. 1.1 Background on the Human Wake The human body can best be described as a bluff-body in respect to the flow around it. Literature on the behavior of the wakes behind bluff bodies indicates that the flow will be unsteady due to the turbulent tran-sition and separation of the boundary layer [10]. A simplification analo-gous to the human shape can be represented by a grouping of uniform circular cylinders [11] and therefore existing studies on this type of geometry can provide general insight into the wake region. Sumner et al. [12] described the wake and development of vortex structures of cylinders with aspect ratios (i.e. height to diameter) of 3, 5, and 9, and determined that a transition in vortex shedding occurs at ℎ/ = 3 . An investigation by Okamoto and Sunabashiri [13] also supports this find-ing, adding that cylinders with an aspect ratio of 3 experience a recircu-lation region that extends four diameters downstream. Assuming the human form takes on a roughly large cylindrical shape near this aspect ratio, it is to be expected that the recirculation region will behave simi-larly and extend approximately four body widths downstream. A readily apparent deviation in geometry compared to studies done on singular cylinders is the presence of the gap between the legs. An extensive and comprehensive review done by Zhou and Alam [14] on the various arrangements of two cylinders indicate the wake structure falls into a multitude of regimes. In a side-by-side configuration, being similar to the two legs of a human, it is deduced that there are three primary regimes where the wake experiences proximity interference. When closely spaced together, the first regime shows that the cylinders act similarly to that of a single bluff body with a width corresponding to the two cylinders. When the gap width is larger than 20% of the diame-ter, each cylinder has individual wakes that strongly affect one another and is associated with the second regime. At gap widths exceeding ap- proximately 100~120% of the diameter, each cylinder acts as an inde- pendent body with the vortex streets being loosely influenced by one another. Seeing that human legs are not strictly cylinders with a fixed diameter but more akin to inverted tapered cylinders, the wakes behind the legs will likely behave in a similar fashion observed in both the first and second regime. With the ankles and calves being narrower and hav-ing a larger gap between them, the second regime is applicable. A tran-sition into the first regime can be expected associated with the bulkiness of the thighs and reduction in gap width. Engineering literature can also provide additional details on the flow characteristics around the body. Many of such studies are motivat-ed by exposure control and contaminant transport [15, 16], thermal issues [17, 18], and comfort prediction [19], rather than overall drag effects. Inherently, many of the tested flow characteristics are evaluated in a quiescent environment or at air velocities that are of a lower order compared to those found in sport-related studies. Nonetheless, these studies provide useful insight on the natural turbulence caused by the human form and the expected anatomical location of flow separation. Inthavong et al. [20] utilized a high speed camera to record the wake generation of a 1/5th scaled realistic human manikin that was accelerat-ed to a velocity of ~1 m ⋅ s -1 . From their results, it was found that the 2 Copyright © 2018 N. Rabino shoulder undergoes flow separation and produces vortices in a regular pattern. The hands produce a well-defined yet unstable vortex sheet that curls towards the centerline of the body. The head acts similarly to clas-sical sphere/cylinder cases with the addition of a trailing wake forming from behind the neck. The neck was found to remove the expected counter free shear layer that is present in cylinder studies and thus elim-inates the formation of an oscillating vortex sheet. In all, it can be said that the observed human wake is a highly complex and richly diverse system that is easily influenced by the inherent geometry used; it is expected that from this study, an overall summary can be presented on how and to what degree the previously described flow structures are affected by the presence of large breasts. 2. Methodology 2.1 Design Proposal and Model Scaling The use of realistic human models affords greater realization of the pertinent flow characteristics as they are considerably different than those of generalized models. Yan et al. [21] concluded that an excessive degree of simplification in using a manikin can affect the ability to achieve accurate results, and thus precludes the use of a simplified model for this study. However, the acquisition of a 3-D scanned human model with a significant bust indubitably proved difficult. The use of a highly unconventional approach was used to ameliorate this issue. The animated adaptation of Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid , being a recently popular show [22] and spawning a sizable subculture on the internet [23], proved suitable in terms of providing potential models. The dragon characters (themselves being based off of mythically and culturally prominent dragons) assume a human form to interact with other humans in this well-received [24] slice-of-life urban fantasy. A majority of the human forms of the female dragon characters possessed significant busts. However, Quetzalcoatl (referred to canonically as "Lucoa" and will be named as such throughout the rest of this paper) substantiated herself as the adaptation's gag character by her significant size [25, 26], thus making her the perfect candidate in providing a suita- ble model. Being clearly the largest amongst her fellow dragons as es-tablished in Figure 1, Lucoa provides the best contrast between a large bust and having none at all. To provide the most direct comparison in regards to the effect of large breasts on the wake, a dramatic reduction in bust size as reflected in Figure 1( b) was proposed for use in this study. In order to obtain accurate results from the setups described later in this paper, it is important to have the subject in question reflect real world scales properly. Lucoa's height while in human form is not given explicitly in any related media within the scope of the author's research. Thus, Lucoa's height must be estimated in relation to objects of which a reasonable measurement can readily be found. Conveniently, there is a scene found within Episode 6, Season 1 of the animated adaptation wherein Lucoa steps through a doorframe. Assuming the door is of a typical size 1 used for external entrances, in addition to Lucoa being scaled properly in the scene, we can estimate her height using a vanish-ing point technique. Using the door as depicted in Figure 2 to judge Lucoa's height, it was determined that she stands approximately 177 cm measured to the top of her hat, with her horns boosting her overall figure to a height of 182 cm. These numbers can be considered reasonable based on canoni-cal descriptions of Lucoa's towering stature [27] compared to the aver-age height of 158 cm for a Japanese woman [28]. 2.2 3-Dimensional Models and Geometry Analysis Since Lucoa is a fictional character that is commonly portrayed in a 2-dimensional 2 world, determining her form drag between the two proposed designs as described in Figure 1 requires that we add another dimension to her model. Conveniently enough, an available 3-D model of Lucoa [29] was used that would make the simulation possible. This MikuMikuDance 3-D model (henceforth referred to as the "Normal" model) was then imported into the 3-D modeling program Blender, scaled to the determined height as described in the previous section, then exported into an STL file. This STL file was then repaired using the built-in repair feature present in Microsoft 3D Builder due to the unclean geometry inherent with the model. To achieve the modified design (henceforth referred to as the "Flat" model), the srcinal Miku- MikuDance model was modified using the built-in tools in Blender to dramatically reduce Lucoa's breast size. The export and repair process remained the same as for the srcinal model. As shown in Figure 3, all positions between the two models remain the same and left unperturbed to leave the reduction in breast size as the sole geometric difference to be investigated. Although the typical or-thostatic (standing) orientation of a human has the upper limbs in a 1 A typical metric external door's size is 926 mm wide by 2040 mm tall. 2 Referring to the media she is portrayed in, such as printed materials and televi-sion. (a) Original reference design. Courtesy: Kyoto Animation . (b) The modified design proposed for comparison. Figure 1. Comparison of different designs for Lucoa. Figure 2. A perspective measurement of Lucoa in reference to a door frame using the Vanishing Point Tool in Adobe Photoshop. 3 Copyright © 2018 N. Rabino relaxed position [30], the arms are left posed at a 45° adduction angle from the torso, as this is the default 'A' pose when importing the model. This arm position also has an advantage in this study as it potentially enables a more thorough analysis on the effect of breasts on the wake region, whereas a neutral standing posture would have the arms inter-fere with the downstream effect of the breasts. The hair is left modeled as solid to reduce simulation complexity and setup. 3 While humans naturally lean forward against the direction of the wind to maintain equilibrium [31], this factor is not considered in this study as this lean-ing would change the frontal area exposed to the fluid flow and thus complicate comparisons against static reference models. Dimensionally, the bounds of the two models are similar, with the height and arm span being 1.82 and 1.387 meters respectively. The Normal model has a depth of 0.525 meters whereas the Flat model is only 0.414 meters. The frontal projected area,  , of both models is 0.584 m 2 . The volumetric difference between the two is 9.19 L, indicat-ing that each breast on the Normal model has an enormous volume of approximately 4.6 L. The under-bust circumference of the Normal mod-el is approximately 64 cm and the bust measures 115 cm. The Flat mod-el has the same under-bust measurement whereas the bust measures 68 cm.Attempting to match the dimensions and bust volume of the Normalmodel to existing cup sizing scales is difficult as these measurementsare exceptionally large and exceed volumes measured in other studies[32]. Using the JIS L 4006:1998 [33] scale and extrapolating 4 cup siz-ing from the largest listed size (I-cup), the Normal model can be de-scribed as being 10 cups larger; an estimated "S65". The Flat model is astark contrast to this, where it matches a petite "AA65" size.The dramatic difference in bust size between the models serves to provide the most significant change in outcomes; it is assumed that due to the absurd bust size, any size smaller than the Normal model would have an outcome that would fall in a range between both models. 2.3 Evaluated Metrics and Implementation Four metrics under investigation for this study include drag and lift forces (including their associated coefficients), skin friction coefficient, and finally, turbulence kinetic energy. To evaluate the drag coefficient, C D , and drag force, F D , the following equations are used, C D = 2F D  ∞2  (1) F D = (− cos +   sin)  (2) 3 Hair physics is beyond the scope of the author, and thus this study, due to the inordinate amount of computing resources and time needed to setup and simulate hair strands in a physically accurate fashion. 4 In [33], each cup size is binned with every 2.5 cm deviation from the under- bust measurement starting from 7.5 cm. where  is the fluid density,  ∞ is the free stream velocity,  is the frontal projected area, and  is the pressure at the surface  .   is the local wall shear stress being defined as,   ≡    =0 (3) with  as the dynamic viscosity,  the flow velocity along the boundary, and  being the height above the boundary. The value of C D is not con-stant and is dependent on Reynolds number, which is defined as, Re = 󝠵 (4) where 󝠵 is an arbitrary characteristic length. In this study, 󝠵 is equal to the height of the models. The lift coefficient is comparable to the drag coefficient, being that the force is evaluated in a direction that is perpendicular to the mean flow direction, e.g. vertically upwards. Thus, C L = 2F L  ∞2 􍠵 (5) F L = (− sin +   cos)  (6) Instead of the frontal projected area,  , a reference surface area, 􍠵 , is used. For consistent comparison however,  and 􍠵 are left defined as being equivalent, thus  = 􍠵 . This result does not affect the calculated forces but rather only the coefficient, and as such, the lift coefficient is dependent on the frontal area. The skin friction coefficient, C f , is evaluated in a similar manner to the drag coefficient since the force attributed to skin friction is a com- ponent of the profile drag, F D . Therefore, C f = 2τ   ∞2 (7) Analyzing the skin friction coefficient allows insight into areas where the boundary layer thickness changes; as turbulent flow increases, the thickness of the boundary layer increases, and consequently areas where C f transitions to larger values or experiences spikes are indicative of where flow separation is prevalent [34, 35]. Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) signifies of the loss of kinetic en-ergy from the mean flow and represents the energy present with eddies in turbulent flow; it is a direct measure of the intensity of turbulence. In a general form quantifying the mean of turbulence normal stresses, TKE is defined as, 󽠵 = 12(′) 2 󟿽 + (′) 2 󟿽 + (′) 2 􏿽󿿽 (8) The exact value of TKE is calculated based on the closure of the Reyn-olds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, which is further discussed in Section 3.3. The numerical simulations in this present work, along with the au-tomatic evaluation of the equations described in this section, were car-ried out using ANSYS FLUENT R17. The 3-D models defined in Sec-tion 2.2 were imported into FLUENT and followed the methodology as described in the following section. 3.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Setupand Analysis 3.1 Boundary Conditions The use of boundary conditions based on real-world environments enhances the overall applicability of the results stemming from the sim-ulations. It was therefore important to determine the most appropriate and accurate environment in which to simulate the models with. It was (a)Reference (Normal) model.(b)Modified (Flat) model. Figure 3. 3-D representations of Lucoa to be used in CFD simulations, detailing (clockwise) top, side, and front views. 4 Copyright © 2018 N. Rabino found that the overall location used in the animated adaptation of Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid was based on the city of Koshigaya [36], situated in the Saitama Prefecture of Japan. A logical time of year to assume a person being outside without excess clothing would be some-time in the summer. Using the month of August, it was found that weather conditions in Koshigaya and nearby surrounding regions fea-ture averages [37] of 22.6°C for temperature, 73% for relative humidity, and 1005.9 hPa for local atmospheric pressure. Thus, the air density was calculated to be  = 1.1581 kg ⋅ m −3 and the dynamic viscosity to be  = 1.86847 ⋅ 10 −5 kg ⋅ m −1 ⋅ s −1 . Since the human body can vary based upon the clothing worn, sur-face roughness and the effects of fabrics are parameters that are ignored in this study. Although multiple studies have shown fabrics have a no-ticeable effect on the overall drag of a human body [7, 38], the walls in this computational work can be regarded as smooth. In all simulations, the models and ground of the domain are modeled as non-moving walls with no-slip conditions. The clothing that is part of the models is treated in the same manner. Table 1. Summary of boundary conditions in the present study. Wind speed  ∞ m ⋅ s −1 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 Reynolds Number Re − 1.281 ⋅ 10 5 ~ 3.384 ⋅ 10 6 Domain bounds − m �−1.44 ≤  ≤ 1.44−2.34 ≤  ≤ 5.650 ≤  ≤ 2.32 Turbulent intensity  inlet − 1%  outlet,backflow − 5% Turbulent viscosity ratio    inlet − 10    outlet,backflow − 10 Outlet gauge pressure   Pa 0 Inlet velocities range from 1 m ⋅ s -1 to 30 m ⋅ s -1 in the positive y-direction (since in this respect, the positive z-direction refers to the "up" orientation; refer to Figure 4 for clarification), highlighting typical wind speeds encountered on a day-to-day basis such as walking [39] all the way up to standing in a violent storm [40]. At the inlet, turbulence is specified using both turbulence intensity,  , and turbulent viscosity ratio,   / . Turbulence intensity is defined as the ratio of the root-mean-square of velocity fluctuations, ′ , to the mean flow velocity,  ∞ , and the turbulent viscosity ratio being directly proportional to the turbulent Reynolds number (   ≡ 󽠵 2 / ). These values are summarized in Table 1. The boundary condition at the outlet is treated as a pressure outlet where a static gauge pressure is specified. In this case, turbulence is specified similarly as the inlet but regarded in terms of "backflow", should the flow reverse direction at the boundary during iterative calcu-lations. The remaining borders of the "virtual wind tunnel" are modeled as symmetric to simulate zero-shear slip walls. In FLUENT, this bound-ary condition assumes a zero flux for all quantities, which imposes a zero normal gradient across the defined boundary and thus enforces a parallel flow. In FLUENT, the flow is initialized with a velocity field equal to the specified velocity for the run, e.g., a run specified at 1.0 m ⋅ s -1 would have the entire field initialized with that value, and so on. Turbulence parameters at the boundaries are also initialized based on turbulence values as specified in Table 1. The blockage ratio was determined to be 8.7%, which would necessitate the usage of a correction factor to data; however, a blockage ratio of up to 10% in regards to bluff bodies has shown to provide reasonably similar outcomes compared to testing using lower blockage ratios [41] and therefore a correction factor was not used. 3.2 Grid Generation The computational domain was discretized with an unstructured grid as shown in Figure 5. To reduce numerical diffusion and to more accurately resolve the viscous boundary layer, the surface grids on the models and ground were extruded using prismatic elements that are sized appropriately to the aspect ratio of their associated surface cell. These prisms are grown to 5 layers and follows recommendations put forth by Lanfrit [42]. Two prismatic bodies of influence (BOI) of in-creasing refinement are used to improve the resolution of the grid in both the wake region and the surrounding area around the models to sufficiently capture turbulence and flow separation. This is done to en-sure that computational processing is focused on more important re-gions in the flow regime while keeping the far field sufficiently coarse enough as to not dramatically hamper computational time. The overall grid is limited to a maximum spacing of 0.1 m and a minimum of 2 mm. The smaller, finer BOI is sized by the bounds −0.894 ≤  ≤ 0.894 , −0.1 ≤  ≤ 2.76 , 0 ≤  ≤ 1.87 and the larger, coarser BOI defined by −0.944 ≤  ≤ 0.944 , −1 ≤  ≤ 4.26 , 0 ≤  ≤ 1.92 , all in meters. A conversion algorithm in FLUENT was used to convert the pre-liminary tetrahedral and prismatic grid into a polyhedral one. Polyhedra exhibit advantages over tetrahedra, namely, they approximate gradients better than tetrahedra due to the fact they are bounded by many neigh- bors. Additionally, polyhedra have more lax geometric criteria due to their insensitivity to stretching, making grid pre- and post-processing easier; this is well suited to the highly complex geometry of the models used. It has been observed that polyhedral grids provide the same level of accuracy as tetrahedral ones, but of significantly lower element count, thereby hastening simulations [43]. Furthermore, polyhedral grids have shown to improve convergence while having notably greater accuracy under unsteady simulations [44]. This is further supported by similar external aerodynamic studies run under FLUENT, where speedups between 2 to 3 times towards a converged solution have been observed [45]. 3.3 Turbulence Model and Computational Approach The flow around the models is modeled with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in incompressible form. Written in Cartesian tensor form and having flow variables of the form  =  ̅+ ′ (with  ̅ and ′ being the mean and fluctuating components respectively) Figure 4. Boundary conditions of the computational domain, with the inlet being represented in blue, outlet in red, walls in white, and symmetry in yellow. Figure 5. Side view of the full grid domain along the median plane.
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A Croatian wine tour from Split of the Imotski wine area and two local wineries. If you are looking for things to do in Split and you have an interest in wine then join us on our Croatian wine tour.
Leaving Split, Croatia our tour heads for Imotski – a region famous for its fine Croatian wine.
The tour from Split takes about 90 minutes to arrive in Imotski. On the way from Split our tour visits the beautiful and colourful Imotski lakes and we visit the ancient Topana Fortress.
Then we're off to visit the Grabovac vineyards where we walk the estate and explain local Dalmatian wine grape varieties and viticulture practice in the region. Here we try Kujundžuša, light white ideal with cheese, oak aged Chardonnay, the medium bodied and very flavoursome red Trnjak, and the full bodied Modro jezero, ideal with red meat and dark chocolate. All brought to you in wonderful detail by Nikola Grabovac, an oenologist of distinction!
Next, it's time to sample some more of the local Imotski produce on our wine tasting in Split, Croatia tour. We visit the atmospheric, 130 year old, Jagul wine cellar where we try out 3 different local Dalmatian wines – a famous white Kujundžuša, a local Chardonnay and a fantastic Merlot.
Suitably fortified, we invite you to try out local Dalmatian hams, cheese, olive oils and traditional pastries. The Croatian wine here is produced using age old traditional methods and it's fascinating to note the difference in flavours and have these methods fully explained to you.
A must for those with an interest in Croatian food and wine – you will not be disappointed!!!
To read more about Croatian wine … see our blog – Wine Buffs.
Includes wine tasting, local ham, cheese, olive oil and traditional pastries.
The tour starts from our offices at 08h30 We visit the Imotski lakes. Then we are off to visit Grabovac winery and enjoy some wine tasting.
We return to Split at 15h00 – 16h00.


text:
Thursday, 17 December 2020, 6:00 am CST
Garmin announces new GFC 500 Autopilot certifications to provide state-of-the art and cost-effective autopilot upgrade to additional aircraft
Certified aircrafts now include select Mooney M20 C through G Models and the Cessna 172RG
OLATHE, Kan./Dec. 17, 2020/ – Garmin® International Inc., a unit of Garmin Ltd., today announced it has received Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Supplemental Type Certification (STC) for the GFC™ 500 Autopilot in additional aircraft to include select Mooney M20 C through G models, and the Cessna 172RG. The GFC 500 Autopilot is intended for light piston aircraft while delivering superior in-flight characteristics, self-monitoring capabilities and minimal maintenance needs when compared to older generation autopilot systems.
New aircraft models now approved for the GFC 500 autopilot include:
Mooney M20 Models:
C, D, E – 1965 and later
F and G
The GFC 500 autopilot uniquely integrates with the GI 275 or G5 electronic flight instruments; a combination of either a standby GI 275 or G5 electronic flight instrument interfaced to a G500 TXi™ flight display; or
a G3X Touch™ flight display to provide pilots with an economical and modern autopilot solution. The autopilot mode controller contains large dedicated keys and knobs, a control wheel that allows for easy adjustment to aircraft pitch, airspeed and vertical speed and a Level Mode that returns the aircraft to straight-and-level flight with the push of a dedicated button.
The full-featured GFC 500 autopilot provides a long list of existing general aviation aircraft with a simple, lightweight, cost-effective autopilot upgrade path. Incorporating solid state attitude with robust self-monitoring capabilities, the GFC 500 provides superior autopilot performance, greater reliability, and safety benefits that are similar to the popular GFC 700 autopilot. In addition to traditional autopilot capabilities such as altitude hold, vertical speed and heading modes, the GFC 500 also includes altitude preselect, VNAV1, Level Mode, Underspeed and Overspeed protection and more. Pilots can also select, couple and fly various instrument approaches, including GPS, ILS, VOR, LOC and back course approaches when paired with a compatible Garmin GPS navigator.
As a standard feature, pilots receive Garmin Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP), which works to assist the pilot in maintaining the aircraft in a stable flight condition. ESP functions independently of the autopilot and works in the background to help pilots avoid inadvertent flight attitudes or bank angles and provides airspeed protection while the pilot is hand-flying the aircraft.
For customers who already have a GI 275 or G5 electronic flight instrument, the GFC 500 starts at a suggested retail price of $6,995 for a 2-axis autopilot2. For a suggested retail price of less than $10,000, the GFC 500 can be purchased with the G5 electronic flight instrument2.
Garmin continues to add additional aircraft models to the growing STC list for the GFC 500 autopilots. To view the most up-to-date aircraft STC list, to view certifications that are expected to being in the next 12-months, or to express interest in a specific aircraft make/model, visit: www.garmin.com/GFC500.
Garmin's aviation business segment is a leading provider of solutions to OEM, aftermarket, military and government customers. Garmin's portfolio includes navigation, communication, flight control, hazard avoidance, an expansive suite of ADS-B solutions and other products and services that are known for innovation, reliability, and value. For more information about Garmin's full line of avionics, go to www.garmin.com/aviation. For more information, visit Garmin's virtual pressroom at garmin.com/newsroom, contact the Media Relations department at 913-397-8200, or follow us at facebook.com/garmin, twitter.com/garminnews, instagram.com/garmin, or youtube.com/garmin.
1.GTN or GTN Xi series Navigator required.
2. Installation not included
Garmin International, Inc. is a subsidiary of Garmin Ltd. (Nasdaq: GRMN). Garmin Ltd. is incorporated in Switzerland, and its principal subsidiaries are located in the United States, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Garmin is a registered trademark and GTN, G3X Touch, TXi, GFC, and ESP are trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries.
Conor McDougall
GFC 500 Autopilot


text:
Norra Tjusts härad var ett härad i Kalmar län i smålandet Tjust. Det motsvaras idag av en del av Västerviks, Valdemarsviks och Åtvidabergs kommuner. Häradets areal var 1 359,59 kvadratkilometer varav 1 241,78. 1930 fanns här 18 073 invånare. Arealen var fördelad på 22 854 hektar åker- och 73 130 hektar skogsmark. Tingsplats var till 1959 Gamleby, därefter Västervik. Häradet bildades 1675 när Tjusts härad delades upp i Södra Tjusts härad och Norra Tjusts härad.

Namnet
Namnet skrevs omkring 1120 Teuste och är troligen övertaget från tingsplatsen. Det tros betyda "den dånande" eller "den våldsamma" och har ansetts gå tillbaka på ett fjärd-, å- eller vattenfallsnamn. Enligt en annan teori är namnet avlett av ordet thiudh som betyder "folk".

Socknar
Norra Tjusts härad omfattade tio socknar:

I Västerviks kommun
Dalhem (före 1887 även del i Kinda härad)
Lofta
Loftahammar
Ukna
Västra Ed
1931 bildades
Överums socken genom utbrytningar av delar ur socknarna Gamleby, Dalhem, Ukna, Västra Ed och Lofta.

I Åtvidabergs kommun och Östergötlands län
Gärdserum
Hannäs

I Valdemarsviks kommun och Östergötlands län
Tryserum
Östra Ed

Geografi
Området gränsade i norr och nordväst mot Hammarkinds, Skärkinds, Bankekind samt Kinda härader i Östergötland, och i söder mot Södra Tjusts härad. Trakten består av berg och skog och var är på sjöar. Kusten är bruten med Tjusts skärgård.

Gästgiverier har funnits i Ingelsbo (Tryserum), Knappekulla (Tryserum), Långrådna (Östra Ed), Bodsgård (Gärdserum), Solvestad (Hannäs), kyrkbyn i Dalhems socken, Vida (Lofta), Fästad (Lofta), Bogvik (Loftahammar) och Lislekutt (Listlehult, Västra Ed).

Slott och herrgårdar
Västra Eds socken: Vinäs säteri byggt på grunden till det tidigare Vinäs slott, Eds säteri, Åsleviks herrgård, Hellerö säteri, Forsby säteri och Troserums herrgård.

Östra Eds socken: Kråkviks säteri, Vindö säteri, Åsviks herrgård och Glo herrgård.

Tryserums socken: Fågelviks herrgård med Fågelviks borgruin, Skönero herrgård, Hornsbergs slott, Snällebo herrgård och Vittviks säteri.

Ukna socken: Stensnäs herrgård och Melby herrgård.

Dalhems socken: Tyllinge säteri.

Lofta socken: Åkerholms säteri, Överums bruk, Nygårds säteri, Vinö säteri, Ottinge säteri och Hasselby säteri.

Loftahammars socken: Gränsö herrgård, Bjursunds säteri,

Gärdserums socken: Kvistrums säteri.

Hannäs socken: Röhälls säteri, Hägerstads slott och Grävsätters herrgård.

Län, fögderier, tingslag, domsagor och tingsrätter
Häradet hörde till Kalmar län och från 1971 finns även delar i Östergötlands län. Församlingarna tillhör(de) Linköpings stift.

Häradets socknar hörde till följande fögderier:
1720-1863 Norra och Södra Tjusts fögderi
1864-1945 Tjusts fögderi
1946-1990 Västerviks fögderi
Gärdserums och Hannäs socknar tillhörde från 1971 Linköpings fögderi.
Östra Eds och Tryserums socknar tillhörde från 1971 Norrköping fögderi.

Häradets socknar tillhörde följande tingslag, domsagor och tingsrätter:
1675-1864 Norra och Södra Tjusts tingslag
1865-1872 Norra Tjusts tingslag
1873-1968 Norra och Södra Tjusts tingslag, från 1936 benämnd Tjusts domsagas tingslag
Dessa ingick i Tjusts domsaga, före 1936 även benämnd Norra och Södra Tjusts domsaga
1969-1970 Västerviks domsagas tingslag i Västerviks domsaga

1971-2005 Västerviks tingsrätt och dess domsaga för socknarna i Västerviks kommun
2005- Kalmar tingsrätt och dess domsaga för socknarna i Västerviks kommun

Gärdserums och Hannäs socknar hörde från 1971 till Linköpings tingsrätt, Östra Eds och Tryserums socknar från 1971 till Norrköpings tingsrätt.

Referenser

Noter

Webbkällor
Nationella arkivdatabasen för uppgifter om fögderier, domsagor, tingslag och tingsrätter

Tryckta källor
Elsa Trolle Önnerfors: Domsagohistorik - Västerviks tingsrätt (del av Riksantikvarieämbetets Tings- och rådhusinventeringen 1996-2007)
Nordisk familjebok, uppl. 2, band 19, 1913

Externa länkar

Norra Tjusts härad i Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt lexikon öfver Sverige i 7 band, Stockholm 1856-1870

Härader i Kalmar län
Härader i Östergötlands län
Tjust

en:Tjust Northern Hundred


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During the case-hardening process, a low-carbon steel (either straight carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel) is heated to a specific temperature in the presence of a material (solid, liquid, or gas) which decomposes and deposits more carbon into the surface of a steel.
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text:
November, 2009:
Air pollution influence Children's health
Dr. Hedley from Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health
University of Hong Kong had just hosting a talk about the Early childhood development and air pollution on 26th November.
If you are interested in the content, please download the pdf file attached.
hk-ecdrf-2009
Call to subsidise firms to buy green buses
SCMP, Ng Kang-chung
Bus companies should be subsidised to buy vehicles that are better for the environment, according to a research paper released yesterday by private think tank Civic Exchange.
The 26-page paper, "Paying for a Cleaner Bus Fleet", also calls for environmental performance to be introduced as one of the criteria when the government assesses whether to award a franchise to a bus operator.
Hong Kong is one of the few big cities in the world where there is no publicly owned bus service.
Five private firms operate 5,768 buses on 700 routes. As they aim to maximise profits, the paper says, "the easiest and most effective way is to prolong the life of their existing vehicles, even if these vehicles are harming public health".
The paper cites Singapore as an example and says that 860 of the 4,353 public buses there are fitted with engine classes of Euro IV or above. Some 2,100 Euro I buses are expected to be replaced by 2011.
But in Hong Kong, 53 buses, or 0.92 per cent of the fleet, are Euro IV. And 456 pre-Euro buses will not be retired until 2012, while 1,338 Euro I buses will only be replaced in 2015.
Civic Exchange chief executive Christine Loh Kung-wai said: "The latest standard is Euro V, while other cities are already using hybrids, electric trolleybuses, and even compressed natural gas and hydrogen.
"If Hong Kong does not get its policy right, it will be a very long time before we can catch up with bus fleet renewal in comparable cities."
The franchises of the bus firms expire between 2013 and 2017. The paper says: "Rather than extending the franchises, the government may explore ways to finance the acquisition of new buses that are less polluting and in line with other comparable countries like Singapore."
Greener fuel standards proposed for vehicles
SCMP ,Martin Wong
The government has proposed making vehicles more environmentally friendly by requiring fuel supplied in the city to meet greener standards.
Government proposals in a Legislative Council paper that lawmakers will discuss on Monday include a move to the Euro V emission standard, introduced in the European Union for heavy diesel-powered vehicles last year, and Euro 5, which will apply in the EU for cars, vans and light trucks from next year.
Currently, Hong Kong's highest requirement for vehicles is Euro IV/4, though the paper said that diesel supplied in fuel stations in the city already met Euro V.
"If existing petrol vehicles use Euro 5 petrol, their emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons will be reduced by about 10 per cent," the paper said.
Oil companies said it was difficult to predict the price of Euro 5 petrol. Some estimated it would sell at less than 20 HK cents per litre more than Euro 4, which now cost about HK$12-13 a litre, according to the paper.
The government stated in the paper that it was still reviewing whether it would adopt the higher standard for vehicles. "As the Japanese vehicle manufacturers require more time to produce Euro [V/5] compliant vehicles for the Hong Kong market, we are not yet ready to implement the Euro [V/5] vehicle emission standard," the paper stated. Most heavy duty commercial vehicles in Hong Kong were imported from Japan, it stated.
Democratic Party lawmaker Andrew Cheng Kar-foo, deputy chairman of the Legco transport panel, welcomed the proposal.
"We lawmakers welcome all suggestions to make our city greener," he said. "As for the petrol price, it is only a little more than the current price."
Tourism legislator should take fight for clean air to the streets
Edward Yau Tang-wah was testing electric car outside Legislative Council. Will Mr. Yau agrees the car park beside Legco should close down, or he needs to encourage his peers to use electric car? (Source: Ming Pao)
When Paul Tse Wai-chun, the Legislative Council representative for tourism, was asked about the effect of recent record street-level pollution on tourism, he responded that the government was doing its best to remedy the situation. Really?
When we can no longer take our tourists to Mong Kok to visit the street markets, because the pollution levels are so high there, we have to question what the administration is doing.
Very little, judging by the ever-present PCCW, Hutchison 3G and CSL promotion minibuses that are parked on the streets of Mong Kok, hogging drop-off points and forcing other vehicles to double park and block the traffic.
At metered facilities, vehicles covered in promotional banners are parked there for no reason other than to provide a low-cost but highly visible advertising medium. This is despite the fact that commercial activities are prohibited at parking meters.
Some of this activity, and the accompanying illegal parking, is taking place within sight of Mong Kok police station. Where are the traffic wardens and patrolling officers who should be on the streets, writing tickets and getting the traffic moving?
Last week, while enjoying the serenity of Kowloon Park, I was asked to move out of the way to allow some government cars to drive by. What were these cars doing inside a public park, particularly when there is an MTR station close by?
It is high time that the car park beside Legco was closed down and Legco members and government officials forced to walk on the streets with the majority of the population.
We expect our Legco members to battle for the right of tourists and locals to clean air, not to recycle the feeble excuses that the Environmental Protection Department trots out about pollution coming from across the border.
It is being generated right here on our streets, under our noses. Take action, Mr Tse.
Source: SCMP, Martin Brinkley, Ma Wan


Signs Now Oak Lawn provides Contractor & Construction Signs to Oak Lawn, Evergreen Park, Worth, Alsip and Chicago Illinois and surrounding areas..
Depend on us for job site signs, building signs, contractor advertising graphics and other solutions.
When pedestrians and drivers pass a construction site, they naturally want to know what's being built. Potential clients will also be curious as to who is responsible for a project's progress, so builders who are intent on gaining new business will want to be sure a building site is well identified with signage.
You'll achieve your objectives with affordable and eye-catching building contractor and construction site signage from Signs Now Oak Lawn.
Our builder signs and construction signs often take the form of post-and-panel signs, construction site banners, building wraps and equipment signs, among many other contractor signs and graphics. Of course, these solutions also extend to excavation company signs, demolition company signs and other building contractor signs—including vinyl advertising wraps and vehicle lettering for trucks, trailers and heavy equipment.
On construction sites, worker safety is job one. And, we're also your source for building site safety signage that includes hard-hat area signs and safety eyewear signs, restricted area signs as well as other worksite warning signs. To enhance efficiency, you'll also want to employ directional signs showing any special entranceways or routes for various trucks and construction equipment.
For more information on how you can benefit from our contractor signs and building site signs, stop by Signs Now Oak Lawn.