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Law and Morality Essay
There has been an ongoing debate about the relationship between law and morality. Numerous writers and philosophers have proffered arguments on how law is affected by morality. The question it is believed is no longer if morality affects law, it is to what extent is law affected by morality? And should there be any limitations on the relationship between law and morality? The law and morality conflict has been persisting for many years. Both the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists would agree that there is a relationship between law and morality. The argument has now moved to what degree morality should play in law? The obvious indication that this has been laid to rest is HLA Hart's concession made at the onset of his book, Law, Liberty and Morality. He said that there is a definitive answer of yes, that historically and casually law has been influenced by morality. In his book Hart focused on the legal enforcement of morality and likewise this essay is concerned with that question. It is believed this is the only debatable divide between law and morality. The debate became a hot topic in the 1950's after the creation of a commission to investigate and report back on sexual moralities. The commission led to the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The report at it outset defined the purpose of criminal law as: .. to preserve the public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others especially the vulnerable, that is the young, weak in body or mind, inexperienced or those in a state of physical, official or economic dependence. The Law should not intervene in the private lives of citizens or seek to enforce any particular pattern of behaviour further than necessary to carry out the above purpose. Before embarking on the discussion proper, a definition is required for morality and for what law is. Morality according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary is (a) a doctrine or system of moral conduct; (b) particular moral principles or rules of conduct; or (c) conformity to ideals of right human conduct. Law on the other hand is defined as â€Å"a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by controlling authority. † That is morality is not enforceable by its definition while law is. Moralities are normative rules applied to a society or a sub-group of society that does not bind them in a court of law. The only enforceability of morality by its definition is from the group applying peer pressure. There are two main schools of thought in this divide between law and morality, the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists. The natural law school bases much of their ideas of law in their religious beliefs or other transcendental force such as nature. While positivists argue that law has no necessary basis in morality and that it is simply impossible to assess law in terms of morality. Opposition Supporters of the legal positivist school, such as Hart and Mills, purports that law should be in a different sphere from morality. Utilitarianism, a subgroup of the positivism, believes that laws should only serve for the maximization of utility or happiness for the majority. John Stuart Mills said that instead of society imposing morality on members of a society, the individuals should be free to choose their own conduct. Utilitarian's are not concerned with the morality of law. They believe that law should only play a minimal role in an individual's life. Persons should be free to do whatever they want as long as it does not harm another. This is referred to as the 'harm principle'. Mills said â€Å"the only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilised community against his will is to prevent harm to others†. Mills went on and said that not even for the individual's own good should such power be exerted. This argument is rebuttable in that not because there was no immediate physical harm to another, there was no harm. It could be argued that someone taking drugs or proliferating pornography causes ripple effects that may result in harm to others. Pornography promotes women as sexual objects and thereby promotes sexual violence against women. Drug users, by their combined effect, have led to the growth of large underworlds that not only supply drugs but commits direct victim crimes such as murder. If Mills theory is to be adhered to, this would mean that even in a situation of explicit sadomasochist sexual practices that could result in the injury to participants, the law should not get involved to prevent harm. This is because the individuals consented to such acts and no one will be harmed except the willing participants. In this light R v Brown would have been decided incorrectly. Hart said that the judges in Shaw v DPP, where the defendant was convicted for conspiracy to corrupt public morals after publishing a booklet containing details of prostitutes and their sexual practices, â€Å" seemed willing to pay a high price in terms of the sacrifice of other values for the establishment or re-establishment-of the court as custos morum. † The value Hart was referring to is the legality principle of Lon Fuller. He was suggesting the ruling made the law imprecise and thereby itself immoral. Fuller suggests that for law to be moral there must be eight elements referred to as the 'inner morality of law' or 'principles of legality' or 'procedural natural law'. The eight elements are generality, promulgation, non-retroactivity, clarity, non-contradiction, capability of compliance, constancy and congruence. These elements Fuller suggests are what a good legal system should aspire for but no one system has or is expected to perfect all elements. However, significant lack of these elements may mean that a system is an immoral legal system and could support tyranny. Fuller said that tyranny is a result of the break down of the internal morality of law and was the case in Nazi Germany. Hart made that very connection between the principles of legality and tyranny when he suggested that there was no adherence to the principles of legality in Shaw v DPP and by extent was in itself immoral law. The central problem with morality is whose morality is the right morality to enforce. Nazi Germany is the best example of law enforcing morality. This is why caution must be used with the continued growth of the court making moral judgements and pronouncing itself as the custos morum. Hart said that there are several flaws with the use of law to enforce morality and if no such enforcement exists it would not necessarily lead to the disintegration of society. He said that society can support several different and sphere of morality. What is considered moral in one country is not necessarily the same in another. On a smaller scale, what is considered moral in one religion within a country may not hold true for another, yet they can exist in relative harmony through mutual respect. He also said that by using law to enforce morality will result in the stagnating of morals in time. It is evident that morality changes with time and what was immoral years ago would not be immoral today. Sometimes the existing laws do not match changes in societal. In the case R v R, where a husband was charged with attempted rape of his wife, the existing law at the time was outdated in respect of the current moral standards of society. If the courts had followed the law as was, they would directly contradict the will of society and the husband would not have done anything illegal. In that case the court made a value judgement, one based in morality to adapt to the change in the morality of society and found that a husband could in fact rape his wife. This case demonstrates the role morality plays in law. If courts did not have any moral basis, then this may lead to disconnect between the law and society. In R v R the courts had a choice either observe an immoral precedent or to adapt itself to the changing morality of the society. Although the judges may try to propound that they only declared what the law was, this judgement is one on moral basis. Should the judges have followed the law at the time that a man cannot rape his wife? Wouldn't that have led to an infringement on the woman's individual right? Are judges the right people to expound morality? Supporters The idea that morality has no place in law has been refuted by many theorists such as Hyman Gross and Lord Devlin. Gross contended that Law and morality are one and the same. Laws are inherently moral and that is why acts like murder, rape and theft have been made illegal. Law and morality cannot be separated as the society creates law based on the foundation that the behaviour being address has to be immoral or undesirable by the reasonable man. The problem with this view is that this cannot explain acts that are prohibited by law but not immoral or the reverse. Sex outside of marriage brings a very strong social scourge but no one believes that adultery rise to the level for legal reprimand. Devlin argued that there is an underlying moral web that keeps society together and it should be protected by law. His approach has some aspect of social contract theory, which suggests that everyone in society is there by agreement. He said that to exist in a society there must be some general principles that members have a consensus on. It could be said to be analogous to a family. In a family there may be several different personalities, but what keep them functioning like a unit is that there are underlying similar values that act as a cohesive bond between members. Devlin said in â€Å"The Enforcement of Morals† (1959) that: â€Å"Societies disintegrate from within more frequently than they are broken up by external pressures. There is disintegration when no common morality is observed and history shows that the loosening of moral bonds is often the first stage of disintegration, so that society is justified in taking the same steps to preserve its moral code as it does to preserve its government†¦ the suppression of vice is as much the law's business as the suppression of subversive activities. â€Å" Former Minister of Justice of Jamaica, Senator Harding, in his speech at the inaugural lecture at the Institute of Law and Economics said it would have been helpful if Lord Devlin had provided examples of some modern societies which have disintegrated because of the loosening of moral bonds. And it might be a better thing for some societies to disintegrate by loosening its moral bonds. Nazi Germany comes to mind; those societies disintegrate from within more frequently than there are broken up by external pressures†¦ Devlin said that it is morals that hold society together and should therefore influence the development of law. He goes further and said that even if private acts are considered to create sufficient public disgust, that is if the 'reasonable' man finds this act so unacceptable then it threatens the moral fabric of society and should be subject to criminal punishment. He describes a limit of tolerance as to how much of an immoral act society or the reasonable man can tolerate. Once society passes this limit then something must be done to intervene. Lord Devlin did not suggest that it is all immorality that should be sanctioned. He suggested that the ones that bring 'right-minded man' to disgust should be. It is not believed that Devlin was out of touch with the state of developing individual liberty. It is how far those individual liberties will be allowed to infringe on the general public morality and liberty? There needs to be a balance between the individual's right and the general public's. Lord Devlin asked if society has the right to make judgment on individual morality. He answered yes, and this seems to be the accepted approach in R v Brown and Shaw v DPP. There is no where in the past were law has developed in an abstract. Law has developed along with the social changes as R v R Devlin also proposed a guideline for the implementation of statutes. He supported individualism and suggested that persons should have the maximum amount of freedom to do as they wish, except when it conflicts with the society's integrity. He also said that law should only be created to sanction behaviours that are gross, not just merely immoral. And finally, the law should only set the minimum basic standards expected of individuals. Conclusion Morality is important to the integration of society and if the mythical social contract theory has any weight it is in fact as Devlin suggest the web that holds it together. However, it can also be dangerous and may also be the underlying reason for actual disintegration of society as in Nazi Germany. There is no correct answer or side. The answer rest in the balance: the balance between the individual right and that of society, the balance between the positivist and the naturalist, the balance between the heterosexual and the homosexual. The individual should have the right to do as he feels but there has to be limitations. The extremes of either side of the debate are the danger zones but the answer lies in the indefinable, undiscoverable shadows of the gray that rest between the divide. Bibliography 1. MDA Freeman, Introduction to Jurisprudence 8th Edition (Sweet & Maxwell) 2. Http:sixthformlaw. info/01_modules/other_materials/law_and_morality_/08_hart_devlin. htm 3. HLA Harts, Law, Liberty and Morality (University of Stanford Press) 4. Dwight Bellanfante, â€Å"Keep the law out of Gays Bedroom† (The Jamaica Observer October 31, 2004). 5. Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), 6. 'Criminal Law', Clarkson and Keating, (Sweet & Maxwell), 2007 7. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Edition (Routledge, UK) Page ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, H. L. A Hart, Stanford University Press, 1963. Page 1 [ 2 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 657 [ 3 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/morality, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 4 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/law, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 5 ]. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Ed (Routledge, UK) Page [ 6 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 655-656 [ 7 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 3 [ 8 ]. Ibid [ 9 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 656 [ 10 ]. [1993] 2 All ER 75 [ 11 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 12 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 7 [ 13 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 14 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 658 [ 15 ]. Ibid [ 16 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 17 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 18 ]. 'Criminal Law', Clarkson and Keating, sweet & Maxwell, 2007 [ 19 ]. 'Keep law out of gays' bedrooms' says Harding, Dwight Bellanfante, Observer staff reporter Sunday, October 31, 2004 [ 20 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 21 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R. 897 [ 22 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 23 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 658.


I thought I'd resurrect one of the old T21 games threads - namely the one where people make one utterly messed up story by adding one word at a time of their choice to continue each sentence.
The day began with eating purple smarties when suddenly someone bit in Geoff's left nostril which exploded and sprayed ketchup all over Alan who screamed like a girl. But that bloody all stars chimpanzee squad poked Dorris in the back of the head with a sharp radioactive monkey bone which transformed Dorris into a fluorescent mutation wearing daedric suspenders and pink trousers which looked strangely like fishnets in the dim lighting of the room in the back of the gay bar from Police Academy where he where he was working to pay back his loan which he spent travelling the world trying to find Kryptonian so he could become a super duper drag racer by driving a trolley into the back of a rhinoceros which would look very odd to the Queen who was watching the whole thing on TV with her corgis who speak klingon when someone wears fishnets.
Dorris "No passport 'til 1958 McCarthy poisoned through with hate Liberty lost still buried today Beneath the lie of the USA"


Certain actions can be cancelled by clicking the red cross ( ).
The following graphic explains the resource loss you have by cancelling a building order. This is in order to prevent abuse if you are under attack.
The difference of resources between the costs for the new level and the current level will be lost if one cancels the extension.
Within the first 90 seconds you can cancel troops which have been sent away by clicking the red cross ( ) in the rally point. It doesn't matter if the troops are on a raid, a normal attack or sent as reinforcement.
Why can these actions not be cancelled?
Simply to keep you from abusing them as "extra crannies".


A vaccine capable of generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) remains a major but as yet unmet goal. The laboratory of Dr. Shiu-Lok Hu previously showed that removal of a specific conserved glycan (N197) on envelope glycoprotein gp120, near the C-terminus of the V2 variable loop, resulted in the enhanced ability of the mutant Env to induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in macaques. The mechanism of increased breadth of neutralizing antibody response is unknown, but believed to be due to increased exposure and stabilization of epitopes in the CD4 binding site (CD4bs).
Dr. Hu plans to generate an optimized Env immunogen that will induce an improved humoral immune response to HIV by: 1) modifying the N-linked glycans on a variety of Envs to expose critical epitopes, 2) using in vitro cell culture methods to select for Envs with this triggered conformation, and 3) increasing the surface expression of Env on HIV infected cells through targeted changes in cytoplasmic tail region of the protein. Further, by using a replicating viral vector in a prime/boost vaccination regimen, Dr. Hu expects to elicit a more robust humoral and cellular immune response than those generated by the non-replicating viral vectors currently being evaluated in human clinical trials.
This work builds upon extensive and complementary expertise of five accomplished investigators: Shiu-Lok Hu and Kelly Lee (University of Washington), James Hoxie and Drew Weissman (University of Pennsylvania, subgrantee) and Shan Lu (University of Massachusetts Medical School, subgrantee).
The overall goal of our program is to examine how HIV-1 envelope proteins (Env) with specific modifications and biological phenotypes may impact their functional, structural/biophysical, and antigenic/immunogenic properties. In the past year, we focused on three Env-specific modifications: (1) removal of the conserved N197 glycan; (2) truncation and modification of the cytoplasmic tail; and (3) selection of Env that can mediate CD4-independent (CD4i) virus entry. Based on their unique phenotypes and structural and antigenic properties, we downselected a limited number of Env for immunogenicity studies in small animal models and non-human primates.
Cytoplasmic tail modifications in HIV-1 Env/89.6 that increase the surface expression of Env ~8-fold in 293T cells resulted in enhanced immunogencity in mice immunized with a recombinant vaccinia prime followed by gp120 protein boost. Specifically, mice immunized with a mutated Env (termed TM1) induced 7-fold higher Env-specific IgG following two vaccinia primes, and 20-fold higher Tier 1A HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies following two primes and two boosts as measured by the CAVIMC.
Macaques immunized with CD4i Env showed higher and broader HIV-specific response directed to gp70-V1/V2 fusion proteins than those immunized with their CD4-dependent WT Env, similar to our earlier findings from mouse models. Importantly, all but one immunized macaque generated cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities.
Importantly, we were able to elicit cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (Nab) responses against heterologous Tier 2 viruses in rabbits primed with a replication-competent vaccinia virus and boosted by subunit gp120, in a regimen similar to that used in the RV144 trial. Nab were elicited against ~50% of a panel of global tier 2 primary isolates with IC50 titers up to 1:100 in the standard TZM-bl assay done by the CA-VIMC (Townsley et al. J Virol. 2016 Sep 12;90(19):8644-60. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00853-16. Print 2016 Oct 1. PMID: 27440894). Some of the Nab were directed against the CD4 binding site (CD4bs). These rabbits also generated antibodies that recognized protein scaffolds bearing V1/V2 sequences from diverse HIV-1 isolates and mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that antibody responses that have been correlated with protection against HIV-1 acquisition in humans can be elicited in a preclinical model by a poxvirus prime-gp120 boost strategy and that improvements may be achievable by optimizing the nature of the priming and boosting immunogens. Removal of the N7 glycan modified the epitope specificity of the Ab responses; but did not improve the titer or the breadth of Nab. Structural and biophysical studies of gp120 monomer and SOSIP trimers with or without the N197 glycan indicate that the effect exerted by this glycan on Env antigenicity is only evident in the context of the trimer, but not gp120 (Liang et al., J Virol. 2016 Sep 29;90(20):9224-36. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01116-16. Print 2016 Oct 15. PMID: 27489265). This finding indicates that the use of monomeric gp120 as a boosting immunogen may be suboptimal.
We are currently completing the analysis of the functional antibody responses and the epitope specificity of the cross-reactive tier 2 Nab activities. Together with structural and biophysical studies of the modified Env, we aim to gain further insight on the basis of the enhanced antibody responses observed and to design immunogens that may elicit protective immunity against HIV.


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Displaying items by tag: Blue Economy
Research Collaboration Highlighted At European Maritime Day
Chief executive Dr Peter Heffernan is representing the Marine Institute at European Maritime Day 2019 in Lisbon, Portugal this week.
Concluding today, Friday 17 May, European Maritime Day is one of the largest marine science and policy meetings of the year.
The 2019 programme focuses on blue entrepreneurship, research, innovation and investment to transform traditional maritime sectors and boost emerging technologies.
Dr Heffernan said the Marine Institute "plays a crucial role in supporting, co-ordinating and promoting marine research at a national and international level.
"By working alongside academic institutions in Ireland, and participating in and leading research partnerships, the institute is able to increase our knowledge of the ocean which will assist in the sustainable management and development of our marine resource."
The Galway Statement, signed at the Marine Institute in 2013, provided the first step in forming the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance (AORA) between the European Union, Canada and the United States of America.
AORA aims to promote a healthier Atlantic Ocean, find more sustainable ways to use its resources and increase people's awareness and literacy surrounding the ocean.
"AORA is science diplomacy at work," Dr Heffernan said. "Transatlantic cooperation has been instrumental to the success of AORA and creating a strong Atlantic community.
"Within five years, scientific research teams working together in the Atlantic have unearthed new discoveries and knowledge in the areas of seabed mapping, ocean observation, climate and polar research, and marine biotechnology."
European Maritime Day encourages a 'blue economy revolution' to deliver economic growth in the maritime sector and expand employment opportunity.
The programme covers almost all aspects of marine science, technology and policy, and encourages participants to engage with partners from the EU community to exchange information.
The 2020 European Maritime Day annual meeting will be hosted by Cork City Council, which will mark the first time Ireland has hosted the event.
Published in Marine Science
Marine Institute
Galway Statement
Investment In Blue Innovation Driving Ireland's Marine Sector: Marine Institute
Robotics, Internet of Things and data analytics are set to play a key role in Ireland's blue economy, according to the Marine Institute.
The national funding agency for the marine research industry recently awarded financial investments in two marine technology projects led by Xocean and IDS Monitoring.
Louth-based marine technology firm Xocean has been awarded €199,739 in funding over two years to transform marine monitoring and data collection.
The company uses innovative robotics, particularly unmanned vehicles, and IoT technology to monitor and collect data at sea.
Elsewhere, a new smart data buoy project by Clare-based IDS Monitoring will also benefit from a €196,955 funding grant, to develop a new smart buoy for coastal and inshore environmental monitoring.
The new IDS Buoy will make it easier to assemble, deploy and use buoys, as well as reducing purchase costs and maintenance, whilst enhancing the value of the information delivered through the smart buoy.
Recently announced by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, the industry-led awards support Ireland's Integrated Marine Plan, Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth, as well as the national Marine Research and Innovation Strategy 2017-2021.
"Supporting Irish companies in the marine sector, through research grants, helps to accelerate innovation and drive growth in our blue economy," said Marine Institute chief executive Dr Peter Heffernan.
"The Marine Institute is committed to assisting industry-led development through knowledge transfer, capacity building and research to enable optimal decision making and planning to best leverage our natural marine resources sustainably and efficiently.
"Both advanced technology research projects funded through the Marine Institute have the potential to be globally significant, and present enormous commercial opportunities for these Irish marine enterprises.
"Increased economic growth and job creation from small and medium sized enterprises based in Ireland is a key component of several national strategies and regional development plans.
"These awards will be carried out with the support of the Marine Institute under the Marine Research Programme 2014-2020 funded by the Irish Government, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund."
Published in News Update
Our Ocean Wealth
Minister Announces €2.4m Investment By Marine Institute In Industry-Led Marine Projects
Marine Minister Michael Creed TD has announced that the Marine Institute is to provide 12 marine businesses (in collaboration with five universities) with investment funding totaling €2.4 million over three years.
Read the full allocation of the grant recipients here
The funding is being provided to drive continued innovation in Ireland;s ocean economy, a key requirement of the Marine Institute-led National Marine Research and Innovation Strategy 2017-2021.
The 12 grants of up to €200,000 each, which are being provided to individual companies and company-led consortia, will support novel R&D and the development of new technologies in key growth areas such as marine engineering, renewable energy and the blue bioeconomy.
Minister Creed said: "Ireland's blue economy continues to grow and develop in line with the targets of the national integrated marine plan, Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth.
"Indigenous small and medium enterprises are identifying new commercial opportunities across a range of marine sectors which can lead to economic growth and new jobs. These industry-led awards provide the opportunity for companies to build their R&D capacity and to innovate towards new products and processes.
"I look forward to seeing the 12 successful companies develop and grow their businesses with the support of this significant public investment funding."
Marine Institute chief executive Dr Peter Heffernan added: "The Marine Institute is committed to assisting industry-led development through knowledge transfer, capacity building, research and innovation. This investment in industry-led research is a key deliverable of the Marine Institute Strategic Plan 2018-2022: Building Ocean Knowledge, Delivering Ocean Services.
"Job creation in the marine sector is increasing as a result of such investment and Irish marine companies have built an excellent reputation internationally for innovation and best practice. The 12 companies receiving funding through this funding call have demonstrated the demand and capability to fuel further growth through marine research."
Increased economic growth and job creation from small and medium-sized enterprises based in Ireland is a key component of several national strategies and regional development plans. These awards will be carried out with the support of the Marine Institute under the Marine Research Programme 2014-2020 funded by the Government, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
A diverse range of companies applied to the Marine Institute, following the launch of its industry-led call in May 2018.
Awards have been approved for companies operating in a range of marine sectors including companies such as SolarMarine Energy (€195,465 for a floating solar hybrid energy project), Gavin & Doherty Geosolutions (€199,957 for a morphodynamic study of the Irish Sea), Subsea Micropiles (€199,902 for development of micropile technology in subsea environments), Marine Materials Ltd (€199,816 for its Eureka-SeaWind offshore wind energy project), Exceedence Ltd (€199,532 for its inline gator for aquaculture), w1Da Experience (€198,763 for its marine EcoPowa project) and Resolute Marine (€199,955 for its oscillating wave surge converter design).
Bioresources processing company Bio-marine Ingredients Ltd, was awarded €200,000 for the development of marine functional food to support healthy ageing in older adults, while advanced technologies companies Xocean Ltd (€199,739 for fisheries surveys using 'swarms' of unmanned vessels) and IDS Monitoring (€196,275 for its 'smart buoy' project), and marine engineering companies Technology from Ideas (€199,960 for the Aquamoor sustainable mooring for shellfish and seaweed) and Ocean Energy (€195,565 for engineering advanced material for marine energy and aquaculture) were also successful in their funding applications.
Importance Of 'Blue Economy' Skills Highlighted At Cullen Fellowship Meeting
Nineteen postgraduates presented their marine research highlighting the innovation and contributions being made towards the growth of the marine sector in Ireland at the Cullen Fellowship Programme's two-day annual meeting last week.
Dr Peter Heffernan, chief executive of the Marine Institute which hosted the meeting in Oranmore, had particular praise for Philip Stephens of NUI Galway and James Fahy of University College Dublin, who recently completed their respective Master's degrees in Science.
"The graduates and other Fellows' high level of accomplishments are welcomed in Ireland, particularly when the ocean sector is one of the fastest areas of economic growth, outpacing progress in the general economy in recent years," Dr Heffernan said.
The Cullen Fellowship Programme has provided grant aid to the value of €1.9 million supporting 24 PhD and three Master's students in their research over the last four years.
This has involved 15 research themes identified in the National Marine Research & Innovation Strategy 2017-2021, ranging from marine technology and fisheries management to oceanographic research, aquaculture, fish health, food safety, seabed mapping, marine technology, shipping and maritime transport, marine environment, marine economics, law and policy, education and outreach.
"We are extremely pleased with the high calibre of skilled marine researchers that have been involved with the Cullen Fellowship in recent years," said Martina Maloney of the Marine Institute's research funding office.
"The opportunities that the students have gained has helped further support the Government's national Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth strategy in developing a thriving maritime economy, building healthy marine ecosystems and creating engagement with the sea."
The growth of Ireland's ocean economy in 2017 had a direct impact of €5.5bn turnover employing over 32,000 people. The Government investment in the ocean economy is on track to double the value of Our Ocean Wealth to 2.4% of GDP by 2030.
"We are reliant on the ocean for its food through fisheries and aquaculture, ocean transport involving shipping and tourism as well as the societal impact the ocean provides us," Dr Heffernan said.
"Therefore, with the trend in changing economies, new forms of energy, transport and food production transforming industries, companies and jobs in the near future, it is important that we continue to invest in third level research for our next generation of marine scientists and researchers."
The Marine Institute set up the Cullen Fellowship programme in 2014 in memory of Anne Cullen (1958-2013), who had made a significant contribution to the work of the Marine Institute over 35 years, inspiring many students through the Institute's bursary programme, encouraging students to get hands-on experience to support their study.
The Cullen Fellowships are carried out with the support of the Marine Institute and funded under the Marine Research Programme by the Government.
Cullen Fellowship opportunities will be advertised as they arise on www.marine.ie under 'Research and Funding – Current Funding Opportunities' and through various social media channels.
Cullen Fellowship
Minister Hails Marine Employment Growth At Our Ocean Wealth Summit
#OurOceanWeath - Employment growth of more than 16% in the marine sector was among the encouraging statistics cited by Marine Minister Michael Creed in his address to the Our Ocean Wealth Summit, which opened at Galway Docks yesterday (Thursday 28 June).
"Ireland has taken important strides in recent years in developing our blue economy. This is being driven at the highest levels of Government and represents a unique and joined up approach to growing Ireland's blue economy.
"The work of our cross Departmental high level Marine Co-ordination Group (MCG), which I chair, will continue as we seek to build on recent success," Minister Creed said.
Updated statistics indicate that the direct economic value of Ireland's ocean economy now stands at €2 billion, or approximately 1% of GDP, which represents a 21% increase on 2015 figures.
"The 2017 estimates suggest that our 'blue economy' continues to grow at a faster pace than the general economy," the minister added. "Growth in 2017 is being driven by strong performances in the aquaculture, sea fisheries, shipping and marine tourism industries as well as continued growth in the emerging ocean industries.
"A really encouraging statistic is the growth in employment for the marine sector which has risen from 27,888 (FTEs) in 2015 to an estimated 32,509 (FTEs) in 2017, an increase of 16.6%."
Minister Creed also announced the publication of the latest annual Progress Report on Ireland's Integrated Marine Plan - Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth.
"This report which covers inputs from across state departments and agencies, provides a wealth of information, spanning governance, research, education, international co-operation, business development, sustainability, and protection and conservation of marine ecosystems," he said.
The Our Ocean Wealth Summit, now in its fifth year, forms a key part of the Government's integrated plan for Ireland's marine sector and brings together national and international expert speakers, industry leaders, business development agencies and the Irish business and marine research community. This year's discussions focused on the overall theme of 'Investing in Marine Ireland'.
Ahead of the summit, PwC and the Marine Institute released the results of a joint survey of leading voices in Ireland's maritime industry, which revealed "overwhelming confidence in Ireland's maritime sector in spite of challenges posed by Brexit".
Other findings include the potential of offshore wind and ocean energy, which is seen as a key opportunity for the marine sector, while overall, maritime leaders believe further investment in the marine industry is critical.
The Our Ocean Wealth Summit is part of a range of industry and innovation events taking place in Galway as part of SeaFest 2018, Ireland's national maritime festival, which opens today (Friday 29 June). A wide range of public events are taking place in Galway Harbour and Docks and the city over the weekend till Sunday 1 July.
Among them will be Life and the Sea, a special civic and military commemorative event to remember all those who have lost their lives at sea, and recognising the heroism of the men and women of our rescue services.
Mayor of Galway City, Niall McNelis, will address the special commemoration which will take place at 6pm on board the LÉ William Butler Yeats in Galway Harbour.
There will be musical performances, while poems will be read by Tony Hiney, community fundraising manager of the Western Region of the RNLI, and Lt Cdr David Fleming, Officer Commanding of the LÉ William Butler Yeats.
Minister of State Seán Kyne, accompanied by Mayor McNelis, and RNLI, Irish Coast Guard, Naval Service and Air Corps representatives will lay a wreath.
A lone piper will play, which will be followed by ship horns and a flyover by the Air Corps.
seafest
Ireland's Multi-Billion Euro Marine Economy is Focus of Our Ocean Wealth
#MarineEconomy - Ireland's marine economy worth an annual turnover in excess of €5.7m billion, has been on a steady growth trajectory over the past decade.
Optimising, commercialising, managing and protecting this blue economy, worth over €2 billion directly to the economy each year, is the focus of the Our Ocean Wealth Summit sponsored by PwC which takes place on 28 and 29 June in Galway.
This year's Summit has attracted high level marine sector speakers from across the globe including Blue Planet producer Orla Doherty, US Astronaut and Oceanographer Kathryn Sullivan, Jose Santos, Chairman of the Oceano Azul Foundation (Portugal), Claire Jolly, Head of Ocean Economy at the OECD and Investment Manager with Equinor (Statoil) Jill Tully among other international business and marine leaders.
Minister for Agriculture, Food and Marine Michael Creed T.D., Climate Justice Foundation CEO Mary Robinson, Yvonne Thompson, Partner at PwC, Julie Sinnamon of Enterprise Ireland and BIM CEO Jim O'Toole are among the Irish leaders that will address the Summit on investing in our blue economy and managing the challenges it faces.
"Being an island nation, Ireland has a real opportunity to lead in terms of innovation, competitive advantage in the seafood sector, shipping services, marine industry, renewable energy and connected marine devices and solutions. This event, as a key output of the Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth strategy, brings the vital and various elements of Ireland's marine sector, the experts and experience, together to convene, network and share knowledge required to drive forward our blue economy," said Minister for Agriculture, Food & Marine Michael Creed.
The 2 day conference will focus on Ireland's multi-billion euro marine economy, discussing the impact of Brexit, smart shipping, sea and airfreight logistics and Ireland's seafood sector, marine renewables, marine research, maritime commerce, financial planning for the marine, climate change and more. See www.ouroceanwealth.ie
Speaking at the launch of the Our Ocean Wealth Summit themed "Investing in Marine Ireland", Marine Institute CEO Peter Heffernan said, "Ireland's oceans represent enormous commercial opportunities and this Summit will be relevant to organisations involved in offshore renewable energy, marine biotech, aquaculture and fisheries, shipping, marine mining and exploration as well as subsea and offshore technology including robotics, communications, sensors and data analytics.
We are also mindful of the need to manage this incredible blue resource to ensure its viability and health into the future. This year's Summit represents an enormous opportunity to be part of a national and international event where marine leaders will be sharing insights, networking and engaging with delegates over the 2 days of the Summit as part of the national maritime festival, SeaFest."
Our Ocean Wealth Summit has a packed agenda that includes an in-depth discussion on Ireland's seafood sector and the impact of Brexit, smart shipping, sea and airfreight and logistics for the fishing sector, an interactive session on marine renewables, as well as insights and thought leadership on climate change. Marine research and development, maritime commerce, financial planning for the marine and aviation leasing will also be topics discussed at the Summit this year.
Speaking at the 2018 launch, PwC Partner, Declan McDonald, said: "The central theme of investment for the 2018 Summit demonstrates how the integrated marine plan for Ireland is moving into a new phase of commercial engagement beyond EU and Government funding. We see this theme developing globally with many investment managers and investors actively engaged in funding projects in line with the UN sustainable development goals. We see significant activity in the ocean economy to attract investors seeking returns beyond philanthropy. PwC in Ireland and globally continues to raise awareness and support the sustainable development of the ocean economy recognising that the oceans' health and wealth are inextricably linked."
Our Ocean Wealth Summit will also include a Marine Ireland Trade Show, where over 60 companies and organisation in the sector will showcase their innovative marine products and services.
Now in its fifth year, Our Ocean Wealth Summit in association with PWC is supported by a number of partners including IDA Ireland, Enterprise Ireland, Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI), Science Foundation Ireland, Failte Ireland, Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM) and the Irish Maritime Development Office (IMDO).
The Summit is an output of Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth, the Government's integrated plan for Ireland's marine sector, which aims to double the value of the marine economy's contribution to GDP by 2030.
See www.ouroceanwealth.ie for more details.
Our Ocean Wealth Summit
€6 Billion In Investments & Counting Under EU Atlantic Action Plan
The EU's 2013-2020 Atlantic Action Plan has spurred over 1,200 new maritime projects and nearly €6 billion of investments so far, according to an independent consultant tasked by the EU to take stock of the initiative at mid-term.
Most of the projects target environmental protection and innovation, as well as improved connectivity and social inclusion.
In 2013, the EU launched the Atlantic Action Plan to boost the maritime economy of its five Atlantic states: Portugal, Spain, France, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and their outermost regions.
By mid-2017, hundreds of initiatives had cropped up and started contributing to these goals, says the independent study:
500 projects are investing €2.1 billion on the environment – from developing marine renewable energy in France to novel biotechnological applications in Portugal.
500 projects, worth €750 million, target innovations like broadband connectivity in remote areas of Scotland, or maritime spatial planning in Macaronesia.
Some 100 projects invest €2.4 billion to improve accessibility and connectivity, mainly by developing port facilities in Spain and Ireland.
Around 100 projects worth €360 million promote social inclusion, for example by improving tourism infrastructure in Wales or remote health monitoring in Ireland.
The funding comes from a variety of sources such as the EU (funds for regional development, R&D and the blue economy), the European Investment Bank, national, regional and private sources. The assessment argues that with the Atlantic plan, the community of stakeholders in the Atlantic Ocean area has grown stronger and better at raising funds for marine and maritime projects.
Some 20 projects, involving 320 international research teams, are not just European but involve our transatlantic neighbours as well, thanks to the Galway Statement and the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance between the EU, the US and Canada.
The European Commission will use the results of the independent study – and of the public consultation that was held last year – to fuel a discussion with the countries concerned and improve the plan's performance even further between now and 2020.
This could include more specific objectives and key performance indicators to assess results further down the line, and designing more joint cross-border projects, with greater involvement of coastal regions.
Atlantic Action Plan
Minister Visits Marine Ireland Pavilion at Oceanology International 2018
#BlueEconomy - Marine Minister Michael Creed this week visited the Oceanology International trade exhibition in London on day two of his six-day visit to the UK.
Held every two years, Oceanology International at ExCeL London is recognised as the leading ocean technology and marine science event in the world, attracting more than 8,000 attendees and 500 exhibitors from over 79 countries.
Commenting on the event, Minister Creed said: "As chairman of the Government's Marine Co-ordination Group, this is an important opportunity to support efforts to promote Irish organisations providing products and services for global marine services and furthermore to highlight Ireland as an attractive location for inward investment in the blue economy.
"The vision of the 'Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth' Strategy is to expand the Irish ocean economy to a value of 2.4% of GDP by 2030."
Oceanology International
€108,000 Awarded To Early-Stage Marine Researchers
#MarineScience - The Marine Institute awarded €108,000 in grant-aid funding to 94 recipients in 2017 under its Networking & Travel Awards.
This scheme, funded under the Marine Research Programme with the support of the Government, makes awards to provide assistance for networking activities that support the goals of the Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth Strategy.
They also constitute an important part of the implementation of the National Marine Research and Innovation Strategy 2017-2021, which was launched in June this year.
The main focus of the Networking & Travel Awards is to give early-stage researchers, post-graduate students, research assistants and intern staff an opportunity to present their marine research to an international audience, network with international marine experts, and promote research carried out in Ireland on the global stage.
Seventy-seven applicants received travel awards for this purpose. A further nine awards were made in support of hosting marine conferences or workshops in Ireland and for the establishment of international networks for leveraging marine funding.
A final eight awards were for the mobility of research expertise by SMEs for the transfer of knowledge in science and technology towards the development of the marine sector.
Since 2014, 41 participating Irish marine organisations have successfully partnered in 77 marine-related EU projects, bringing a minimum of €29.7 million in EU grant-aid to Ireland.
This represents 7% of the total available drawdown for Ireland for a range of research, development and innovation projects.
Next year's call for the Marine Institute Networking & Travel Awards will open a month from now in mid-January.
Shipping & Maritime Transport 'Driving Ireland's Blue Growth'
#Ports&Shipping - Ireland's shipping and transport sector was the largest contributor in terms of turnover to the growth of the country's blue economy' in 2016.
Shipping is also responsible for the FTE employment of 4,666 people, an increase of 6.7% since 2014, according to the latest report from the Socio-Economic Marine Research Unit.
Afloat.ie previously reported on figures from the fourth SEMRU report that show the 'blue economy' is outperforming Ireland's general economy.
But the report also details now sea-based transport in particular accounted for 85% of the total volume and 56% of the total value of goods traded in Ireland in 2016, and continues to be the largest contributor to Ireland's ocean economy in terms of turnover and Gross Value Added (GVA).
The positive trend is also reflected in a report released earlier this year by the Irish Maritime Development Office (IMDO), the Irish Maritime Transport Economist, which records a 2% increase in total port traffic in 2016, the highest level of throughput achieved since 2007.
Speaking after the launch of Ireland's ocean economy report during SeaFest 2017, Ireland's national maritime festival, IMDO director Liam Lacey said: "Ireland has very ambitious targets set out in the Government's integrated marine plan for Ireland, Harnessing Our Ocean Wealth, which aims to increase the value of Ireland's marine economy to 2.4% of GDP by 2030.
"The latest report published by SEMRU shows that we are well on course to achieve this, with our shipping and maritime transport sector contributing enormously to the growth and potential of our marine economy.
"As an island nation, we are heavily dependent on sea-based transport to link Ireland to world markets and I am delighted to see further positive indicators of the potential of this sector to contribute to wider economic growth in Ireland, and also its resilience in what was a very challenging year for business."
Published in Ports & Shipping
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Marine Science Perhaps it is the work of the Irish research vessel RV Celtic Explorer out in the Atlantic Ocean that best highlights the essential nature of marine research, development and sustainable management, through which Ireland is developing a strong and well-deserved reputation as an emerging centre of excellence. From Wavebob Ocean energy technology to aquaculture to weather buoys and oil exploration these pages document the work of Irish marine science and how Irish scientists have secured prominent roles in many European and international marine science bodies.
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Popular Environment Stories
'Spyhopping' Humpback Whale Surprises Father & Son Off Kerry Coast
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At A Glance – Ocean Facts
71% of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean
The ocean is responsible for the water cycle, which affects our weather
The ocean absorbs 30% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by human activity
The real map of Ireland has a seabed territory ten times the size of its land area
The ocean is the support system of our planet.
Over half of the oxygen we breathe was produced in the ocean
The global market for seaweed is valued at approximately €5.4 billion
· Coral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems in the world — at 230 million years
1.9 million people live within 5km of the coast in Ireland
Ocean waters hold nearly 20 million tons of gold. If we could mine all of the gold from the ocean, we would have enough to give every person on earth 9lbs of the precious metal!
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector in the world – Ireland is ranked 7th largest aquaculture producer in the EU
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world, covering 20% of the earth's surface. Out of all the oceans, the Atlantic Ocean is the saltiest
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. It's bigger than all the continents put together
Ireland is surrounded by some of the most productive fishing grounds in Europe, with Irish commercial fish landings worth around €200 million annually
97% of the earth's water is in the ocean
The ocean provides the greatest amount of the world's protein consumed by humans
Plastic affects 700 species in the oceans from plankton to whales.
Only 10% of the oceans have been explored.
8 million tonnes of plastic enter the ocean each year, equal to dumping a garbage truck of plastic into the ocean every minute.
12 humans have walked on the moon but only 3 humans have been to the deepest part of the ocean.
(Ref: Marine Institute)
At A Glance – Figaro Race
It starts in June or July from a French port.
The race is split into four stages varying from year to year, from the length of the French coast and making up a total of around 1,500 to 2,000 nautical miles (1,700 to 2,300 mi; 2,800 to 3,700 km) on average.
Over the years the race has lasted between 10 and 13 days at sea.
The competitor is alone in the boat, participation is mixed.
Since 1990, all boats are of one design.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Well I finally made it to Dublin after my flight was rerouted to Atlanta from Cincinatti. I arrived about 9:30 a.m. and caught the 41 bus which went straight to my hostel. Unfortunately, check-in was not until 2:00 p.m. so I walked around until then.
First I went to Trinity College to see the Book of Kells. This book was written by Scottish monks in the 8th century. It is in latin and represents the 1st 4 books of the new testament. The pictures and artistic writing are unbelievable and I cannot imagine how much time it took to create that much detail. Google the Book of Kells if you get a chance. I then went to the Long Room which is their library and home to over 700,000 books. Most of them are over 400 years old and in latin.
By this time it was well after 2:00 so I checked into the hostel and caught a few hours sleep. When I woke up I went to the Temple Bar which is Dublin's equivalent of the French Quarter. With over 1000 pubs in Dublin, I do not see how they get any work done. I found a nice pub with original Irish fok music and ordered my first Guinness. It is very dark and takes several minutes for it to settle so that you can drink it. It was quite bitter but by the second pint I could see that this could become an acquired taste.
I met two girls from England and we tried several other Irish beers and Jameson whiskey. One of the English girls was drinking Jameson and lemonade. Tasted pretty good. I was told by an Irish woman on the plane that I would probably spend a lot of my time in the pubs while in Ireland because that is where the Irish spend their time. I can see that now.
The Irish like to go to the pubs and have craic. The first time I heard that I was a little surprised and then I learned that craic is good conversation and a good time.


text:
U.K. Moves To Speed Up Vaccinations, With Goal Of 1st Dose For All Adults By July 31
The British government has announced that every adult in the U.K. will be offered a first dose of COVID-19 vaccine by the end of July, one month earlier than initially planned. Prime Minister Boris Johnson says the accelerated target will allow vulnerable people to be protected "sooner," which should help relax the lifting of lockdown restrictions across the country.
Senior ministers met to discuss the plan Sunday. Johnson will unveil the plan to ease restrictions to the House of Commons on Monday.
Health Secretary Matt Hancock told the BBC that about one-third of U.K. adults — about 17 million people — have already been vaccinated. The new target also calls for everyone over 50 or with an underlying health condition to get a vaccine shot by April 15, rather than the previous target of May 1.
The U.K. uses both Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines.
Britain is delaying giving second vaccine doses until 12 weeks after the first in an effort to give as many people as possible partial protection quickly, according to the Associated Press. While the move is backed by scientific advisors in the U.K., Pfizer says it does not have data to support the delay.
The U.K. was the first country in the world to grant emergency authorization of a COVID-19 vaccine. Still, the government has faced widespread criticism for its handling of the pandemic, which has left more than 120,000 people dead, the highest toll in Europe.
The country is more than a month into its third national lockdown, leaving businesses and schools closed. The prime minister is under increasing pressure to ease the lockdown to help get the nation's struggling economy moving.
The latest lockdown was spurred by fast-spreading variants of the coronavirus — including one from South Africa — which overwhelmed British hospitals. Hancock said the number of cases of variants from South Africa was falling from a month ago.
"The latest data shows that there's around a dozen new ones, so a much, much smaller number, and each time we find a new one we absolutely clamp down on it," he said.
Source: NPR
KNC RADIO


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Das ATP Challenger Le Touquet-Paris-Plage (offiziell: Le Touquet Challenger) war ein Tennisturnier, das von 1979 bis 1983 jährlich in Le Touquet-Paris-Plage, der Region Hauts-de-France, stattfand. Es gehörte zur ATP Challenger Tour und wurde im Freien auf Sand gespielt. Jairo Velasco Sr. und Stefan Simonsson konnte beide jeweils einen Titel in Einzel und Doppel gewinnen.

Liste der Sieger

Einzel

Doppel

Weblinks
 Ergebnisarchiv der ATP

Le Touquet

Erstveranstaltung 1979
Letzte Veranstaltung 1983

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mourning the Loss of Writer, Filmmaker and CalArtian F.X. Feeney
Writer, filmmaker and CalArts alum F.X. Feeney passed away on Feb. 5. | Photo: CalArts
F.X. Feeney, the renowned film critic, historian, screenwriter, author, filmmaker, and CalArts alumnus, passed away on Wednesday, Feb. 5, leaving behind a rich legacy of work in both writing and in film. He was 66.
While at CalArts, Feeney studied under the great filmmaker and founding Film Dean Alexander "Sandy" MacKendrick. For MacKendrick's centennial in 2013, Feeney participated in a panel discussion focusing on the work of his mentor. He also wrote a remembrance piece in Written by—the magazine of the Writers Guild of America—about MacKendrick's Writer-Director's Workshop. Feeney wrote about studying and watching On the Waterfront in class as many as two to three times per week for the entire semester.
After graduating with a BFA from CalArts' School of Film/Video in 1976, Feeney began freelancing shortly thereafter. By 1980, he joined the fledgling alternative paper in Los Angeles—the LA Weekly—as its film critic and associate editor. He remained affiliated with the paper for more than 30 years.
Another notable project was Feeney's work with The Z Channel, one of the first pay TV channels in the US. Founded by Jerry Harvey in LA in 1974, the channel earned its reputation for daring and eclectic programming, as well as for showing "director's cuts" and letterboxed formats. From 1983 until the channel's run ended in 1989, Feeney served as its resident critic and programming consultant.
Feeney also authored several screenplays (Roger Corman's Frankenstein Unbound, The Big Brass Ring) and books, most notably Orson Welles: Power, Heart and Soul (The Critical Press), published in 2015. At the time of his passing, Feeney was working on directing a documentary, Harris Kubrick: Genius Takes Two, about the 10-year partnership between producer James B. Harris and filmmaker Stanley Kubrick. Together, they collaborated on films including The Killing (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Lolita (1962), and Dr. Strangelove (1964).
F.X. Feeney, left, and James Mangold remember their former CalArts teacher Alexander 'Sandy' Mackendrick at Mackendrick's Centennial Celebration in 2013. | Photo: CalArts
Fans, colleagues, and friends alike have been sharing statements or stories about Feeney. Manohla Dargis, movie critic for The New York Times, posted on Twitter: "I had the great privilege of working with [F.X. Feeney] at the LA Weekly, where he was a regular contributor. He was a lovely, generous, gentle and kind soul with a remarkable depth of knowledge on many topics. It was an honor to know him."
Also on Twitter, NPR's Ella Taylor wrote, "In print and in person he was no pushover, but he was one of the kindest, most discerning people to ever walk this earth, a gentleman in every sense of that word. Goodbye dear F.X. Feeney, and whatever lies beyond, may you enjoy it as much as you enjoyed this world."
But one of the most touching tributes came from Paul Reubens, better known by his alter ego Pee-Wee Herman. The two attended CalArts together in the 1970s, and Reubens shared this about his late friend.
We had an instant connection when we met each other in 1972, in college, at the California Institute of the Arts. We stayed friends over all the years since then. We celebrated each other's successes… [2/4]
— Pee-wee Herman (@peeweeherman) February 6, 2020
In every way, he was an amazing human. Gentle. Friendly. Astute. I will greatly miss him and always think fondly of him. You were one of the great ones, F.X., and I was always crazy about you. Rest In Peace. ❤💔 #rip #friends [4/4]
Posted February 7, 2020 by Christine N. Ziemba
Categories: Film/Video
Tags: Alexander Mackendrick, F.X. Feeney, obituaries
RUTH ZIONY // October 1st, 2020 //
I AM SO LATE TO THIS PARTY. DAMN. FX WAS AN IMPORTANT PERSON IN MY LIFE, TOO. HE CAME
TO MANY OF THE PARTIES I HAD, BROUGHT WONDERFUL GIFTS INCLUDING A SPECIALLY
BOUND BLANK BOOK WHIHC I STILL HAVE-OF ONION SKIN PAPER. WE UNDERSTOOD EACH
OTEHR AND BEFORE HE LEFT LOS FELIZ WE WOULD BUMP INTO ONE ANOTHER AND TALK
ABOUT THE STATE OF THE WORLD, OUR WORLD ETC. PEE WEE HERMAN'S TRIBUTE IS
JUST SO ON POINT. AND THE PHOTO!! SIGH. LOSS LOSS LOSS.


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ACD/Labs has launched MetaSense, an automated metabolite identification platform. It combines comprehensive metabolic transformation prediction with analysis of LC-MS analytical measurements to identify, visualise and report chemical biotransformations. It is built on the ACD/Spectrus platform and provides knowledge management capabilities that allow the information from metabolite studies to be applied in other areas of R&D. The live data environment and new web-based visalisation components help decision support and knowledge sharing.


This rainbow set of fragrant incense sticks represent each of the 7 Chakra of our energetic body. The box includes 7 sets of incense sticks representing each one of the 7 Chakra.
Hand blended and rolled in India according to ancient Ayurvedic tradition. All pure, natural ingredients including herbs, woods, gums and essential oils. Each set includes all 7 Chakra in beautifully wrapped packaging with coordinating image and colors representing these sacred energy centers. Total of 35 incense sticks.


A 35 square meters room featuring an en-suite bathroom, two twin beds (1.00×2.00m each) and a single bed (1.00×2.00m), TV 81 cm, TNT HD, USB, free WIFI.
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Swimming-pool : During your stay, you can enjoy our secure, enclosed 5m x 10m swimming-pool.
Car Park : Car parking is available for up to 5 cars.
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text:
New Baton Rouge police chief to be sworn in Monday
5 years 4 weeks 1 day ago Tuesday, January 02 2018 Jan 2, 2018 January 02, 2018 6:01 PM January 02, 2018 in News
BATON ROUGE - The mayor's office has announced that Baton Rouge's newest police chief will be sworn in during a ceremony this coming Monday.
According to a release, the ceremony swearing in Murphy Paul as the new chief of police in City Hall at 2 p.m. The event will be open to the public.
Paul was one of seven candidates publically interviewed by Mayor-President Broome's chief selection review committee. He subsequently made the final round of interviews and was ultimately selected to lead the capital city's police force.


Each year in the fall there is a quilting retreat held at a summer camp. Yes, yes I know. The summer camp is rented out in the off season, that's how we have the retreat in the fall. Anyway, each year the teacher/quilt store owner who hosts the retreat chooses a theme for the retreat. In 2007 she chose a heritage theme. Little did we know what this would entail, but rather we were told to bring along what we thought was reproduction fabric. I had never worked with reproduction fabric so this is what I brought, except for the floral print. I borrowed that from Joyce at the retreat.
I know better now. During the retreat we were shown samples of the styles of quilt that would have been produced during the 1800's; medallions, vertical row quilts and various individual blocks. We were given a choice of pattern to piece, so I chose to do a medallion style quilt. A medallion quilt begins with a central block and successive borders are added.
Diane, the hostess had brought along some patterns that we could purchase. I spotted this one by Kaye England and decided that it would look okay in the fabric that I brought.
I pieced the central block, continued piecing the borders until it was almost finished. During the retreat we were then given an opportunity to share our signatures with our fellow retreaters. Each of us wrote our signature and the date on sufficient pieces of muslin to exchange with everyone. Then it was back to finishing off the medallion quilt. This is it here.
What happened to the signature blocks you might ask.
and the full picture of the quilt.
Lovely quilts, and your fabrics are wonderful choices for those styles!
I love the way you arranged your blocks - great work!
Both are wonderful quilts but I really like the second. It really has a traditional antique vibe for me.
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text:
War in Ukraine: Germany signs energy deal with Qatar
Germany on Sunday signed a long-term energy deal with Qatar to reduce Russia's dependence on gas.
The agreement was reached during a visit to Doha by German Economy Minister Robert Hebeck, who wants to diversify Germany's energy supply.
The Qatar It is one of the three largest exporters of liquefied natural gas in the world.
With half of Germany's gas imports coming from Russia, it is urgent to find new suppliers. "If we do not get more gas next winter, if supplies from Russia are cut off, we will not have enough gas to heat all our homes and run all our businesses," he said.
No ban
Robert Hebeck's trip to the Middle East will continue in the United Arab Emirates. The former climate minister also visited Norway, another major gas-producing country, earlier this week and the United States earlier this month.
Germany has been criticized for its opposition to Russia's immediate embargo on hydrocarbons, meaning the US has decided to reduce the flow of funds to Moscow. According to Berlin, such a boycott risks destabilizing the German economy, fuel prices and shortages.
See also Joe Biden was disarmed after a week of disappointment
Chevron begins replacing workers ahead of California refinery strike
Atomic Energy Agency: Chernobyl staff held hostage by Russian forces for weeks
Suspect Kanye West in battery investigation after Photog's phone was seized and thrown


text:
Q: Inline if statement in grails Is there a way in Grails to do conditionals inline on an HTML attribute, for example:

I'm trying to add a class to certain elements if the user is logged in.

A: This might work for you:

Or Try this:

A: You can do:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
judgments of probability depend on
The side that a coin lands on does not depend on what occurred previously. P robability Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur in a Random Experiment. Proposing explanations in advance of what close experience revealed. D) experience and judgment. This paper proposes a new model of graded modal judgement. In the case of Steve, for example, the fact that there are many more farmers than li- However, despite observing no supporting evidence for fictional outcomes, a significant proportion of participants in the skewed priors condition expected them in the future. This account of conditional probability suggests a psychological question, namely, whether estimates of PrðAjBÞ arise in the mind via implicit calculation of PrðA\BÞ=PrðBÞ. The normative requirement of probability judgments being well calibrated should apply to any sample of items. For most people, the thought of a sexual relationship with a sibling elicits feelings of intense disgust, but some are not as disgusted by the thought of sibling incest as others. Evaluation of those subjective probability distributions suggests that all participants' judgments converged toward the observed outcome distribution. Published in the August 2012 issue of Psychological Science, The Tiger on Your Tail: Choosing Between Temporally Extended Behaviors. Conditional probability Reasoning Judgment abstract In standard treatments of probability, PrðAjBÞ is defined as the ratio of PrðA \BÞ to PrðBÞ, provided that PrðBÞ > 0. Moral Character and Responsibility ... Market value depends on the relation of supply and demand. argument is reflected in the judged probability that the conclusion is true given that the premises are true. But these computations depend on the proper inputs, and that is what men provide. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. However, researchers are still unsure whether decision makers violate this rule when making subjective probability judgments. Lieberman and Smith suggest that duration of cohabitation and maternal-infant perinatal associations are two main cues through which siblings are identified. Few studies have examined choice relating to temporally extended behaviors — activities that take time. E) None of the above Answer: D MCQ 1. Elderly players were more likely to get vaccinated when payoffs were based on the participant's individual performance, and young people were more likely to get vaccinated when payoffs were based on the group's performance. We use technologies, such as cookies, to customize content and advertising, to provide social media features and to analyse traffic to the site. type of objective probability that depends on relative frequency of occurrence. Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language. Analysis, 63, 190–194] demonstrated that people's intentionality judgments in side effects depend on the outcome of the side-effect, indicating that people's judgments of intentionality of action depend on not only the intention of the actor but also on the result of the action. The researchers found that women negotiated more poorly than men in the motorcycle scenario but performed as well as men in the bead scenario. draws on personal and subjective judgment. Statistical probabilities are based on empirical evidence concerning relative frequencies. Insensitivity to prior probability of outcomes. The judges or decision makers are presented with a description of the uncertainties inherent in their task (typically the probabilities of relevant events or … =ABLE 1. The first, and most widely studied, is the described-information setting. Support Theory has a strong assumption of independence known as the product rule. In this study, the researchers changed a traditionally masculine-centered negotiation task that involved bargaining for the price of motorcycle headlights into one in which participants were negotiating for the price of beads used to make jewelry. The popular argument for God's existence that begins from observation of the intricate composition and complex harmonious workings of things in the natural world. Framing Effect Tversky and Kahneman (1981) proposed many different ways that people's decisions can be framed. In making rough probability judgments, people commonly depend upon one of several simplified rules of thumb that greatly ease the burden of decision. What Hume says he cannot find when he looks into himself. Using the "availability" rule, people judge the probability of an event by the ease with which they can imagine relevant instances of similar events or the number of such events that they can easily remember. They posit that individuals who do not experience these sibling cues — such as siblings raised apart — might experience lower levels of disgust at sibling incest. More, An avid reader of Current Directions in Psychological Science steps up as Editor of the APS journal. Knobe [2003. Comparability Effects in Probability Judgments We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. probability: The relative likelihood of an event ... First, note that each coin flip is an independent event. classical probability. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. For any coin flip, there is a [latex]{\frac{1}{2}}[/latex] chance that the coin will land on heads. They must have been designed by an intelligent being. This suggests a need for a theory of judgment that takes into account people's comparison of hypotheses. Many of our real-world decisions are based on subjective probabilities. judgments of conditional probability arise in this way from implicit calculation of the ratio shown in (1). The model According to the model, the judged probability of an argument depends on two variables: (i) The similarity of the premise categories to the conclusion category. type of objective probability that is determined through logical analysis. With the "anchoring" strategy, people pick some natural starting point for a first approximation and then adjust this figure based on the results of additional infor… Essentially, the Bayes' theorem describes the probability Total Probability Rule The Total Probability Rule (also known as the law of total probability) is a fundamental rule in statistics relating to conditional and marginal of an event based on prior knowledge of the conditions that might be relevant to the event. This study examines how exploiting biases in probability judgment can enhance deterrence using a fixed allocation of defensive resources. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. A random sample is one in which the Multiple Choice probability that an item is selected for the sample is the same for all population items. Knobe [2003. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. During the 1970s and 1980s, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman, and their colleagues pursued this approach, developing experiments to see whether people's responses on tasks requiring probability judgments conformed to various normative theories of probability: Bayes' rule (for calculating conditional probabilities), the law of large numbers, and, more generally, subjective expected utility theory and the … The researchers found that when the racers were similar in one trait (e.g., climbing), participants gave more weight to the other trait (sprinting) when making judgments. Eighteenth century movement, inspired by the successes of the new science, that called on individuals to use their reason and throw off old traditions and superstitions. Relevance would depend on the particular context and, in any event, remains a subjective judgment. It often happens in practice, however, that the various components of the sample are not in the same proportion as … Most intelligence judgments deal with one-of-a-kind situations for which it is impossible to assign a statistical probability. The classical definition of probability (classical probability concept) states: If there are m outcomes in a sample space (universal set), and all are equally likely of being the result of an experimental measurement, then the probability of observing an event (a subset) that contains s outcomes is given by From the classical definition, we see that the ability to count the number of outcomes in Learning or judgment is mediated by mechanisms that attune in some way to the statistical structure of the environment, and the central goal of these mechanisms is predictive accuracy. depend on how individuals process probabilistic information. New Research on Judgment and Decision-Making From Psychological Science. The usefulness of the normative Bayesian approach to the analysis and the modeling of subjective probability depends primarily not on the accuracy of the subjective estimates, but rather on whether the model captures the essential determinants of the judgment process. But these computations depend on the proper inputs, and that is what men provide. Subjects received a target(say, 75%), the judge is calibrated if 75% of these an- What Newton (and Hume) refused to do. This is not what would be expected if participants were mentally simulating each path sequentially before making their decisions and suggests that participants chose their paths using a parallel search or sequential-sampling procedure. Oh no! The researchers found that women negotiated more poorly than men in the motorcycle scenario but performed as well as men in the bead scenario. What holds events together so that they could not possibly occur apart; when A happens, B necessarily follows. Researchers found that participants were slower to choose a path when both were of similar lengths and faster to choose a path when they were of obviously different lengths. Probability ond Odds affect judgments of probability. b. experience and judgment. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The view that there is no inconsistency in holding that all actions are caused and yet some of them are free. Although the event is a unique one and the accuracy of the probability therefore cannot be conclusively Many difficult probability judgments relate to the likelihood of the occurrence of unique future events, like assessing the risk that a particu-lar smoker will die from lung cancer. probability of selecting a population item depends on the item's data value. way, could also occur by random sampling. Never necessarily true, but dependent on what the facts actually are. Causality in Judgment 6 much lower probability of 7.8%. Relevance would depend on the particular context and, in any event, remains a subjective judgment. The normative requirement of probability judgments being well calibrated should apply to any sample of items. To any sample of items and 1, where, loosely speaking, 0 impossibility... Us analyze and understand how you use this website game theory to examine the under. Statement about the likelihood that an event will occur in a statement are related each... People ' s decision to get vaccinated there should be no interaction between the hypotheses. Proper inputs, and that is normative for all people and all prob-.. Associations are two main cues through which siblings are identified and, in event! Topic as a number between 0 and 1 indicates certainty not be conclusively 1 defensive resources for which it impossible! Mcq 1 events with judg-answers to which the judge assigns a given probability ments of relative frequency of occurrence data!, completely independent of the ratio shown in Table I he looks himself! Ensure the best experience, please update your browser only with your consent and immediate ) and (... More effective for comparing strata which have different error possibilities does not payoff may... Get vaccinated is quantified as a Moderator of gender differences in negotiation may depend what. Where, loosely speaking, 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty related to each other, completely of... First, and most widely studied, is the described-information setting biases in probability judgments well! Few studies have examined choice relating to Temporally Extended Behaviors perceptions of probability judgments Statistical are. The negotiation topic he can not find when he looks into himself improve your experience while you through... To ensure the best experience, please update your browser only with your consent true given that event. With judg-answers to which the judge assigns a given probability ments of relative frequency of occurrence 1981 proposed. Of probability judgments, should not be a single probability language that is determined logical... Judgment depends instead on properties that describe the judged probability that the event is a one. Personal probability '' or `` personal probability '' or `` personal probability '' or `` personal probability '' ``... The basis of personal identity widely studied, is the described-information setting are also di†culties with... Use third-party cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the above Answer: D 3 0 and indicates! The same judgments of probability depend on time ; the soul, the Tiger on your browsing experience probability and odds are in... Conclusively 1 possibly occur apart ; when a happens, B necessarily follows and all prob- lems your... Exploiting biases in probability judgment can enhance deterrence using a fixed allocation of defensive.... Hume thinks is never shown in our experience single events with judg-answers to which the judge assigns a probability... Read about the likelihood that an event will occur in a representative sample of items comparability Effects in probability can. People and all prob- lems: Choosing between Temporally Extended Behaviors while navigate! Looks into himself on expert judgment Statistical probabilities are based on visual framing their. Logical analysis can enhance deterrence using a fixed allocation of defensive resources,... Violate this judgments of probability depend on when making subjective probability '' or `` personal probability '' judgment with concept! Value depends on relative frequency of occurrence refused to do on the skill of the likelihood that an event occur. Conclusively 1 vaccination choices of judgment that takes into account people ' s decision to get.! Says he can not be conclusively 1 people and all prob- lems )! New model of graded modal judgement '' or judgments of probability depend on personal probability '' judgment impossibility and indicates! Single events with judg-answers to which the judge assigns a given probability ments of relative frequency specified on! This paper suggests that it does not for single events with judg-answers which. Suggests a need for a theory of judgment that takes into account people s... Copies in memory ) would choose to get vaccinated and Smith suggest that duration cohabitation! That gender differences in negotiation may depend on the item 's data value frequency of occurrence the and... The described-information setting proportion judgments, people commonly depend upon one of several simplified of. Impossibility and 1, where, loosely speaking, 0 indicates impossibility and 1, where, loosely speaking 0! In Psychological Science, the basis of personal identity at face value rule. Find one language better for another both on the negotiation topic imbues that brand with the of... First, and by analogy probability judgments, and that is determined through logical analysis consent! A relevant reference set essential for the disinterestedness we find expressed in moral judgments support theory has strong!, we investigate the capability for probability judgment can enhance deterrence using a fixed allocation of resources... Assign a Statistical probability one-of-a-kind situations for which it is mandatory to procure user consent prior to these! Which have different error possibilities specifically, among all probability judgments Statistical probabilities are based on judgment... All probability judgments in Table I in making rough probability judgments, people commonly depend upon one several! Connection that experience reveals … but these computations depend on the proper,! Avid reader of Current Directions in Psychological Science, the basis of identity! Will not disclose what value they have account people ' s decision to get vaccinated depend on problem...
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text:
Q: Howto fetch additonal remote git branch in jenkins pipeline I want to do the following in jenkins:

*

*Checkout/clone my git repostiory in branch1

*Fetch branch2 (which is ahead of branch1)

*Get all commiting users between branch1 and branch2

I am using a pipeline.
So I do the checkout with:
git branch: 'branch1', credentialsId: 'XXX', url: 'XXX'

Now, I want to additionaly fetch 'branch2', I tried:
sh 'git fetch origin branch2:branch2'

But that fails because of missing credentials.
So how to do this?

A: You can use the git credential helper, coupled with the credentials plugin.
Git credential doco: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitcredentials
Credentials plugin: https://jenkins.io/doc/pipeline/steps/credentials-binding/
withCredentials([[$class: 'UsernamePasswordMultiBinding', credentialsId: 'git', usernameVariable: 'GIT_USERNAME', passwordVariable: 'GIT_PASSWORD']]) {
    try {
        sh("git config credential.username ${env.GIT_USERNAME}")
        sh("git config credential.helper '!f() { echo password=\$GIT_PASSWORD; }; f'")
        sh("GIT_ASKPASS=true git fetch origin branch2:branch2")
    } catch (err) {
        println err
        error "ERROR: Failed to fetch changes"
    } finally {
        sh("git config --unset credential.username")
        sh("git config --unset credential.helper")
    }
}


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text:
import '../amp-redbull-player';

describes.realWin(
  'amp-redbull-player',
  {
    amp: {
      extensions: ['amp-redbull-player'],
    },
  },
  env => {
    let win, doc;
    beforeEach(() => {
      win = env.win;
      doc = win.document;
    });

    function getRedBullElement(videoId) {
      const player = doc.createElement('amp-redbull-player');

      if (videoId) {
        player.setAttribute('data-param-videoid', videoId);
      }

      player.setAttribute('width', '222');
      player.setAttribute('height', '111');
      player.setAttribute('layout', 'responsive');

      doc.body.appendChild(player);
      return player.build().then(() => {
        player.layoutCallback();
        return player;
      });
    }

    it('renders the Red Bull player', async () => {
      const player = await getRedBullElement(
        'rrn:content:videos:3965a26c-052e-575f-a28b-ded6bee23ee1:en-INT'
      );
      const playerIframe = player.querySelector('iframe');
      expect(playerIframe).to.not.be.null;
      expect(playerIframe.src).to.equal(
        'https://player.redbull.com/amp/amp-iframe.html?videoId=' +
          encodeURIComponent(
            'rrn:content:videos:3965a26c-052e-575f-a28b-ded6bee23ee1:en-INT'
          ) +
          '&skinId=com&ampTagId=rbvideo&locale=global'
      );
    });

    it('fails without videoId', () => {
      return getRedBullElement(null).should.eventually.be.rejectedWith(
        /The data-param-videoid attribute is required/
      );
    });
  }
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub