The Philippine Academy of Implant Dentistry (PAID) is set to hold its 27th Annual Convention and Induction Ceremony at Okada Hotel Manila on July 15, 2018 featuring top implant surgeons from different parts of Asia. Flying in to Manila to join Gary Brillo are James I-Sheng Huang from Taiwan and Sok Chen Chhean from Cambodia.
A standing director of Taiwan Academy of Implant Dentistry, Dr. I-Sheng Huang was the first to handle a successful case of implantation in renal transplant patient. He is also the former president of Taiwan Dental Association, a Chief of Dentistry at St. Paul's Hospital and chief instructor at Taiwan Anker Implant System.
Dr. Chhean is a doctor of dental surgery in Cambodia. He has earned a Master's Degree in Specialized Orthodontic at Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany and has been certified in Clinical Orthodontic in KORI, South Korea, Oral Implantology in Goethe University and Dental Implant in Kaohsiung Medical University Taiwan. He is currently a lecturer at International University, Cambodia and Puthisastra, Cambodia.
Meanwhile, Dr. Brillo is the head of the Dental Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at the Lung Center of the Philippines. He was formerly president of the Philippine College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and executive officer at large at Asian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Themed "Honing Skills Towards a Wider Horizon," the conference will provide an opportunity for dental practitioners to elevate their skills as well as learn about the latest developments in dental implantology.
The 27th Annual Convention and Induction Ceremony is presented by the Philippine Academy of Implant Dentistry in partnership with Straumann Philippines/GT Industries, the world's leading implant, restorative, and regenerative dentistry.
Pre-registration is until July 14 with Php 3,500 fee for members, and P4,000 fee for non-members. Onsite registration is on July 15 with Php 4,500 fee for both members and non-members.
For inquiries, contact Dr. Levy Villaruel at 0917-546-4986 or Dr. Lizel Rivas at 0928-520-0925.


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Chechnya: Russia Condemns Britian For Releasing Zakaev
London, 6 December 2002 (RFE/RL) -- Russia has reacted angrily to a British court's decision to release top Chechen rebel envoy Akhmed Zakaev (pictured), wanted by Moscow for alleged terrorist activities. Acting on a request from Russia, British police arrested Zakaev as he flew into London's Heathrow Airport yesterday. He was questioned and later released on bail pending an extradition hearing next week at a London court.
Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov asked today how British authorities would have acted if another suspected terrorist -- Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden -- had turned up in London.
On 3 December, Zakaev was released in Denmark after more than a month in custody because a court refused a Russian appeal for extradition, citing a lack of evidence. Russia criticized Denmark, saying it failed to do its part in the war against terrorism. The Kremlin's top spokesman on Chechnya, Sergei Yastrzhembskii, said Russia will continue to fight for Zakaev's extradition wherever he is.
"The change of Mr. Zakaev's whereabouts does not and cannot change the accusations that Russia is bringing against Zakaev for the crimes he has committed. So wherever Mr. Zakaev is staying, as the Russian Prosecutor-General's Office has already stated, Russia will demand his extradition."
Earlier today, Zakaev denied reports he is seeking political asylum in Britain. Zakaev told the AFP news agency that he is in contact with Chechen separatist leader Aslan Maskhadov and that he will consult with him on what to do next.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The first of the two readings, i.e. Systolic Blood Pressure, is a measure of the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart contracts and exerts maximum pressure on the blood vessel walls while pushing the blood out.
The second reading, i.e. Diastolic Blood Pressure, measures the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest, i.e. between contractions. The normal systolic blood pressure is considered to be 120 by most doctors, and the normal diastolic blood pressure is considered to be 80.
Blood pressure normally increases throughout life, right from infancy to older adulthood. For most adults, regardless of their age, the normal BP range is considered to be 120/80 or less.
What is the Normal BP Range For Adults?
The normal BP for all adolescents, adults, and older adults is considered to be 120/80. Adolescents mean persons aged between ages 10 and 19. For this age group, the systolic blood pressure from 120 to 136, and the diastolic blood pressure between 82 to 86 is considered to be normal.
The normal BP range may vary from 126/82 among adolescents aged 11 to 13, 136/86 among those aged between 14 to 16, and 120/85 for adolescents aged between 17 to 19. The difference in the normal blood pressure range for this age group is caused by the increase in age, and it also depends on the individual's physical activity, diet and weight.
As blood pressure increases with age, it is very common for adults aged between 20 and 60+ to show variations in BP at different ages. The chart below outlines the blood pressure that is considered normal in people belonging to different age groups.
An adult is considered to have prehypertension if his/her systolic blood pressure is constantly above 120 but below 140, or if the diastolic blood pressure is above 80 and below 90. People with prehypertension will definitely progress to hypertension if they do not make lifestyle changes that will help lower their blood pressure.
Smoking: Tobacco contains the hormone adrenaline that makes the heart beat faster and thus raises the blood pressure.
Obesity: Being overweight increases the chances for a person to develop hypertension.
High Salt Intake: Too much of sodium in the bloodstream causes higher water retention in the body and causes the blood pressure to increase.
High Alcohol Intake: Heavy alcohol intake, especially on a daily basis, can be another cause for the blood pressure to increase.
Inadequate Physical Activity: Lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle is a very common cause for secondary hypertension.
Stress: Heavy emotional or mental stress can also cause the BP to rise.
Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes usually causes the narrowing of the blood vessels in the body and causes high BP.
Family History: A person with a family history of hypertension is more likely to develop hypertension than a person without any family history of hypertension.
What is Normal Blood Pressure for Men and Women?
The normal blood pressure range for men and women remains the same across all age groups.
Normal BP Range for Female in India – Below 120/80 mm Hg and Above 90/60 mm Hg in an adult female.
Normal BP Range for Male in India – Below 120/80 mm Hg and Above 90/60 mm Hg in an adult male.
However, when it comes to hypertension, it is important to recognise the differences between the two genders.
High BP is more common among men below the age of 50 than women of the same age, and the chances of developing hypertension increases in women as compared to men after the age of 55.
These findings suggest that regular BP screening should be conducted for young and middle-aged men, once they enter the 20s, and the same applies to women who have passed the menopause stage.
The normal bp range changes continuously for children throughout childhood, and the blood pressure is lowest in infancy and steadily increases till the child turns 10. Also, it is important to note that the normal BP is different for girls and boys belonging to the same age group.
As mentioned earlier, it is least likely for children to suffer from blood pressure problems unless they have an underlying condition such as a kidney disease or diabetes, and therefore, doctors rarely check the BP in children during their regular checkups.
How To Improve Kidney Function To Avoid Dialysis?


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The 2002 season is the 51st year in Guangzhou Football Club's existence, their 37th season in the Chinese football league and the 11th season in the professional football league.

2002
Guangzhou Apollo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cal Spas the leading manufacturer of Home Resort Products, held their annual Cal Spas Dealer Awards Ceremony, January 10, 2014, at Disney California Adventures exclusive Stage 17. The awards ceremony was the conclusion of the Cal Spas 2014 Dealer Summit, and honored dealers with top sales numbers for the year.
The event was a phenomenal night of recognition for those dealers who showed exceptional sales numbers during the 2012/2013 sales year. A stunning display of lights, music, and gourmet cuisine met the over 300 attendee's who were ushered by representatives of Disney to the VIP gathering in the heart of Disney California Adventure. The breathtaking ambiance, of Stage 17 made it clear that Cal Spas pulled out all the stops to make the evening a night to remember.


Venegas-Borsellino C, Bangar MD. Venegas-Borsellino C, Bangar M.D. Venegas-Borsellino, Carla, and Maneesha D. Bangar.CPR and ACLS Updates. In: Oropello JM, Pastores SM, Kvetan V. Oropello J.M., Pastores S.M., Kvetan V Eds. John M. Oropello, et al.eds. Critical Care New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1944&sectionid=143517045. Accessed April 21, 2019.
Venegas-Borsellino C, Bangar MD. Venegas-Borsellino C, Bangar M.D. Venegas-Borsellino, Carla, and Maneesha D. Bangar.. "CPR and ACLS Updates." Critical Care Oropello JM, Pastores SM, Kvetan V. Oropello J.M., Pastores S.M., Kvetan V Eds. John M. Oropello, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, , http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1944&sectionid=143517045.
In- and out-of-the-hospital cardiac arrest remains a substantial public health problem and a leading cause of death in many parts of the world. There is a dramatic variation in the survival rates across various systems of care.
Major changes were made in the 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care. We will review the studies behind these recommendations.
Identifying the most accurate and relevant post–cardiac arrest outcomes to measure is a major challenge. The most used measurements are survival to hospital discharge, or neurologically intact survival to discharge.
Five main components of high-performance CPR have been identified: chest compression fraction, chest compression rate, chest compression depth, chest recoil, and ventilation. Minimizing the interval between stopping chest compressions and delivering a shock improves the chances of shock success and patient survival.
The 2010 AHA guidelines recommend education to improve the effectiveness of resuscitation. Recommended educational tools include high-quality medical simulators, videos, and written tests accompanied with a performance assessment.
The survival rate and the quality of life (specially measured as a neurological performance) after a cardiac arrest have also changed over time; for example, the US survival rates for hospitalized patients with cardiac arrest improved from 30.4% in 2001 to 42.2% in 2009 as per the US National In-Patient Sample, a national hospital discharge database.6 It is important to understand that CPR outcomes are significantly influenced by the underlying pathology and the initial cardiac rhythm at the time of the cardiac arrest. In a nutshell, survival is best for patients with VT or VF.


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Did you realize that Georgia's official state symbol, the peach, is not native to the state, and was originally introduced by Spanish missionaries beginning more than a century before Georgia's founder was even born? And did you know that one of Georgia's most delicious culinary specialties–pork barbecue–also descends directly from the Spanish period? Pigs were first brought to Georgia by Spanish explorers and missionaries as early as the 1500s, and the word "barbecue" was originally adopted by the English from the Spanish word "barbacoa," referring to the framework or grill upon which the meat was cooked. In fact, this Spanish word was itself originally adopted by early Spanish settlers from Arawak Indians in the Caribbean.
Georgia's colonial history cannot be separated from its Spanish roots, and by the same token some 98% of Georgia's human history occurred before Europeans ever arrived in North America. It is for these reasons that I have assembled this page.
The initial centerpiece for this page was the revised text of an article I originally wrote in 1993 (published in the Fernbank Quarterly and later in Georgia Journal magazine), now called "Before Creek and Cherokee: The Colonial Transformation of Prehistoric Georgia."Over the years, I have referred many people to the printed versions of this article, since it provides readers with a comprehensive summary of the early colonial period, focusing on its impact on Georgia's indigenous chiefdoms. It also includes a list of easily-available books at the end of the article for readers wishing to explore the subject in greater depth. Since I have found it to be a useful educational tool about one of Georgia's least well-known eras, I encourage readers to download and read it. All I ask is that its entire text, bibliography, and authorship remain together if it is printed out.
The topical links below will take readers to individual resource pages which contain a combination of summary text, data tables, chronologies, and graphics. A comprehensive set of links to related web pages is provided on a separate page.
The "Georgia Before Oglethorpe" page will undoubtedly present historical events and activities that are at the very least uncomfortable, and perhaps even offensive, to the descendants of those involved. It may be somewhat disagreeable to realize that English traders from the Virginia and Carolina colonies routinely bought, branded, and sold young Indian slaves (including practicing Christians from virtually unarmed mission communities), or that the late 17th- and early 18th-century ancestors of the Creek and Cherokee (among many other indigenous groups) were willing participants in the English slave trade, raiding and capturing other Indians for sale to the traders, or that Hernando de Soto's army forcibly gathered food, burden-bearers, and women from many of the villages they encountered, and occasionally threw Indian guides to their dogs to be eaten alive. The image of ancestral Creek Indians from the middle Ocmulgee River carrying the severed head of Fray Juan de Parga to an Apalachee council house during a massive 1704 English raid against the Apalachee mission province, all under the personal direction of South Carolina Governor James Moore, is not a pleasant one, but such was the character of the era. There were few heroes, but by the same token there also were few villains as judged by 16th-, 17th-, and 18h-century standards. The characters of history were products of their culture and their era, and to judge them by modern standards is, I believe, an injustice. The events of history cannot be taken out of their context. While it is possible to debate the details of historical events, or the motivations and reasons for individal actions, it is an injustice both to historical actors and to history in general to judge these individuals or events, or to gloss over the more unpleasant side of history simply for the sake of modern sensibilities. For this reason I will apologize in advance to those who find some of the history of early colonial Georgia to be uncomfortable or offensive. Nevertheless, unless there is clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, these events will remain posted here as a documented part of Georgia's early colonial era.


First published at 13:30 UTC on July 24th, 2018.
It may not be a Jay Ward cartoon adaptation, but it's still not a good movie.
Movies Worth Your Time: The Laikathon Begins!
The Cartoon Hero Goes To Anime Con Arkansas 2019!


Our client the worlds leading horticulture charity would like to recruit a HR Advisor, this is a fantastic opportunity to join this organisation. The role will be a varied role providing first line support for HR queries and supporting all elements of HR administration for new and existing employees.
You will need to be able to reach their location which will need to be accessed by car in addition to some travel to the London office will be required.
This is a varied role including managing employee relations case work end to end, including grievances, disciplinaries, performance and absence management, mediation and communication with GP/Occupational Health, working with managers to provide solutions.
Manage all processes associated with maternity, paternity, flexible working, contractual changes etc with administrative support from the People Services team regarding letters and payroll processing.
Coordinating and conducting exit interviews.


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David Keith Lynch, ameriški filmski režiser, slikar, glasbenik, igralec in fotograf, * 20. januar 1946, Missoula, Montana, Združene države Amerike.

Angleški časopis The Guardian ga je oklical za »najpomembnejšega režiserja tega obdobja«, spletni vodič po filmih Allmovie pa za »polihistorja sodobnega ameriškega filmskega ustvarjanja«. Kritiki štejejo njegova filma Modri žamet (1986) in Mullholand Drive (2001) za ena od najboljših v svojih desetletjih, medtem ko mu je uspeh televizijske serije Twin Peaks (1990–1991) prinesel naziv »prvi popularni nadrealist«. Prejel je tri nominacije za filmsko nagrado oskar za najboljšega režiserja, dvakrat je prejel francosko nagrado César za najboljši tuji film, enkrat zlato palmo na Filmskem festivalu v Cannesu in zlatega leva za življenjsko delo na Beneškem filmskem festivalu. Leta 2019 je prejel častnega oskarja.

Lynch se je rodil v družini srednjega razreda v Missouli v ameriški zvezni državi Montana. V otroštvu je potoval po Združenih državah Amerike in se kasneje odločil za študij slikarstva na akademiji Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts v Filadelfiji, kjer se je prvič preskusil v ustvarjanju kratkih filmov. Preselil se je v Los Angeles, kjer je produciral svoj prvi film, nadrealistično grozljivko Eraserhead (1977), ki je med ljubitelji kina hitro pridobila kultni status. Zaradi velikega uspeha so ga zaposlili v režiji biografskega filma Človek slon (1980), s katerim se je priljubil širšem občinstvu. Kasneje ga je najela skupina De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, za katero je posnel dva filma: znanstvenofantastični filmski ep Dune - puščavski planet (1984), ki se je izkazal za kritiško in finančno polomijo, ter Modri žamet (1986), film noir, ki je postal zlogasen zaradi nasilja.

Njegovo naslednje delo je bila popularna televizijska serija Twin Peaks (1990–1991), ki jo je soustvaril z Markom Frostom. Serija je dobila tudi filmski predhodnik Twin Peaks: Ogenj hodi z menoj (1992), v istem obdobju pa sta nastala tudi filma Divji v srcu (1990) in družinski film Resnična zgodba (1999). Ker se je Lynch spet lotil nadrealistične zvrsti, se poslužuje v svojih kasnejših filmih Izgubljena cesta (1997), Mullholand Drive (2001) in Notranje zadeve (2006) sanjske logike in nelinearnega pripovedovanja. V tem času je tudi že sprejel pomen interneta in produciral krajši animirani seriji DumbLand (2002) in eksperimentalno internetno mini-tv-serijo Zajci (Rabbits, 2002). Lynch in Frost sta ponovno združila moči za tretjo sezono serije Twin Peaks (2017).

Deluje tudi v drugih medijih. Kot glasbenik je izdal dva solistična albuma, Crazy Clown Time (2011) in The Big Dream (2013), kot snovalec zvoka je izdelal veliko glasbe za lastne filme, ustvaril pa je tudi mnoga likovna in fotografska dela. Napisal je dve knjigi: Slike (1994) in Kako ujeti veliko ribo: Meditacija, zavest in kreativnost (2006). Režiral je tudi nekaj glasbenih spotov in televizijskih reklam, med drugim Lady Blue Shanghai (2006) za modno hišo Dior. Lynch je goreč izvajalec transcendentalne meditacije, zaradi česar je leta 2005 ustanovil sklad David Lynch Foundation, preko katerega želi financirati učenje transcendentalne meditacije v šolah in med rizičnimi skupinami, kot so brezdomci, veterani in prebežniki.

Zgodnje življenje
Lynch se je rodil 20. januarja 1946 v Missouli v ameriški zvezni državi Montana. Njegov oče Walton Lynch (1915–2007) je bil raziskovalec za ameriško ministrstvo za kmetijstvo (USDA), njegova mama Edwina »Sunny« Lynch (rojena Sundholm; 1919–2004) pa učiteljica angleščine. Dva od Lynchevih prastaršev po mamini strani sta bila Finca, ki sta se v 19. stoletju preselila s Finske v Združene države. Vzgajali so ga kot prezbiterijanca.

Lyncheva družina se je pogosto selila, saj je USDA očetu dodelila delo širom države. Ko je bil star dve leti, so se preselili v Sandpoint v Idahu, dve leti kasneje, po rojstvu brata Johna, pa v Spokane v zvezno državo Washington. Tam se mu je rodila sestra Martha. Družina se je potem selila še v Durham v Severno Karolino, potem v Boise v Idaho in v Alxandrio v Virginijo. Lynch je ugotovil, da se je takšnemu življenju zlahka prilagodil, saj je hitro našel nove prijatelje, ko se je vpisal v novo šolo. Glede svojega zgodnjega življenja je dejal:Poleg šole je obiskoval tudi skavte, a je kasneje pripomnil, da je »postal skavt samo zato, da bi lahko nehal in to pustil za sabo«. Dosegel je najvišji rang (t. i. Eagle Scout), kar mu je prineslo nagrado. Z drugimi skavti najvišjega ranga je bil prisoten na inavguraciji ameriškega predsednika Johna F. Kennedyja pred Belo hišo na Lynchev rojstni dan leta 1961. Že od zgodnjih let se je zanimal za slikanje in risanje. Med bivanjem v Virginiji, kjer je spoznal očetovega prijatelja, ki je bil poklicni slikar, si je zaželel, da bi tudi sam poslal slikar.

V srednji šoli Francisa C. Hammonda v Alexandrii je imel slabši uspeh, saj se ni zanimal za šolsko delo, a je bil priljubljen med drugimi učenci. Po zaključku šole se je odločil, da želi študirati slikarstvo na kolidžu. Leta 1964 je tako začel s študijem na School of the Museum od Fine Arts v Bostonu, kjer je bil sostanovalec glasbenika Petra Wolfa. Kljub vsemu je šolo zapustil že po enem letu, saj da »tam sploh ni dobil navdiha«. S prijateljem Jackom Fiscom, ki je bil tudi sam nezadovoljen s študijem na umetniški šoli Copper Union, je nameraval tri leta potovati po Evropi. Upala sta, da bi v Evropi delala z avstrijskim ekspresionistom Oskarjem Kokoschko v njegovi šoli v Salzburgu. Ko sta prispela, sta izvedela, da umetnik ni na voljo, zato sta se po samo 15 dneh v Evropi razočarana vrnila v ZDA.

Kariera

Filadelfija in kratki filmi: 1966–1970
Lynch se je ob vrnitvi v Združene države Amerike odpravil v Virginijo, kjer je bival pri prijatelju Tubyju Keelerju, saj sta se starša odselila v Walnut Creek v Kaliforniji. Odločil se je, da se preseli v Filadelfijo in se po nasvetu Jacka Friska, ki je tam študiral, vpiše v akademijo Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. V Filadelfiji mu je bilo lažje, saj je v bilo »v mestu veliko dobrih in resnih slikarjev, ki so se medsebojno navdihovali, zato je bilo vse najlepše.« Leta 1967 se je poročil s študentko Peggy Reaver in leto kasneje se jima je rodila hči Jennifer. Peggy je za ta čas kasneje dejala, da »je bil [Lynch] nerad oče, a je bil vseeno ljubeč. No, pa saj sem bila noseča, ko sva se poročila. Oba sva omahovala.« Kot družina so se preselili v sosesko Fairmount v Filadelfiji, kjer so si lahko za relativno nizko ceno 3.500 USD privoščili veliko dvanajstsobno hišo, saj je bilo v območju veliko kriminala in visoka revščina. Lynch je življenje v tej hiši kasneje opisal:Ob študiju je delal tudi kot tiskar gravur, da bi lahko preživljal svojo družino.

Na Pennsylvania Academy je posnel svoj prvi kratki film z naslovom Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) (1967). Do ideje je prišel, ko je razvil željo, da bi se njegove slike premikale, zato je začel pogovor z umetnikom Brucem Samuelsonom o izdelavi animacije. Ko do tega projekta ni prišlo, je kupil najcenejšo 16-milimetrsko kamero in sam ustvaril film. Delal je v zapuščeni sobi na akademiji in z 200 USD (kar se mu je zdelo veliko denarja) produciral Six Men Getting Sick. Delo je opisal kot »57 sekund rasti in ognja ter 3 sekunde bruhanja«. Predvajal ga je v zanki na razstavitvi ob zaključku akademskega leta in si delil prvo mesto s sliko Noela Mahaffeya. Zaradi tega uspeha je dobil od bogatega študenta H. Bartona Wassermana naročilo za stvaritev filmske inštalacije v njegovem domu, za kar mu je ponudil 1.000 USD. 478,28 USD je zapravil za »svojo sanjsko« (rabljeno) kamero Bolex, a je bil končni izdelek nezadovoljiv, saj je bila kamera pokvarjena in je posnela samo motno sliko. Poklical je Wassermana in mu pojasnil, da »je film katastrofa. Kamera je bila pokvarjena in moje delo se ni izkazalo, kot bi želel.« Wasserman mu je dejal, naj ne skrbi. S preostalim denarjem naj ustvari nekaj drugega.

S preostalim denarjem je ustvaril eksperimentalno mešanico animacije in igranja v živo, štiriminutni kratki film Alphabet (1968). V filmu igra Lyncheva žena Peggy kot »Dekle«, ki skandira abecedo ob slikah psov, dokler na koncu ne umre zaradi krvavitve po rjuhah. Z zvočno obdelavo posnetka hčerkinega joka je izdelal popačen zvok, ki se mu je zdel učinkovit. O navdihu za film je rekel, da »je Peggyjina nečakinja nekoč med nočno moro ponavljala abecedo na zelo mukotrpen način. To je nekako pognalo The Alphabet. Za vse ostalo je poskrbela podzavest.«

Ko je izvedel za novoustanovljeni Ameriški filmski inštitut, ki je podpiral ustvarjalce filmov, ki so že izdelali uspešne projekte in so imeli scenarij za nov projekt, jim je poslal kopijo kratkega filma The Alphabet in scenarij za nov film, ki bi bil skoraj v celoti igran, The Grandmother. Inštitut mu je odobril sredstva; sprva 5.000 USD, a je Lynch zahteval 7.200 USD, kar so odobrili. V filmu so igrali znanci iz službe in akademije, snemali pa so kar v njegovi hiši. The Grandmother govori o zanemarjenem fantu, ki »vzgoji« babico iz semena, da bi skrbela zanj. Kritiki so kasneje zapisali, da »je film resnično čudo, a vsebuje mnoge teme in ideje, ki jih je kasneje vgradil v svoja dela. Kaže tudi na izredno razumevanja [filmskega] medija.«

Los Angeles in Eraserhead: 1971–1979

Leta 1971 se je Lynch z družino preselil v Los Angeles, kjer je študiral izdelavo filmov v konservatoriju API Conservatory, ustanovi, ki jo je kasneje opisal kot »popolnoma kaotično in neorganizirano, kar mi je všeč... hitro si se naučil, da če želiš nekaj ustvariti, moraš vse storiti sam. Hoteli so nam pustiti, da počnemo svoje stvari.« Začel je pisati scenarij za Gardenback, ki se je »izvil iz slike, ki sem jo naslikal.« Pri podvigu so ga podpirali tudi na konservatoriju, kjer so ga spodbujali, naj mu doda dolžino in dialog, kar je (sicer nerad) sprejel. Zaradi tega in ker je moral po vrnitvi v drugi letnik spet obiskovati predmete prvega, se je konservatorija naveličal. Dekan ga je prosil, če še enkrat premisli, saj je menil, da je eden najboljših študentov. Lynch je privolil in začel z delom za novi film, ki ga je poimenoval Eraserhead.

Čeprav je nameraval posneti 42-minutni film (končni izdelek je trajal 89 minut), je bil scenarij dolg samo 21 strani in nihče ni več pritiskal nanj. Snemanje se je začelo 29. maja 1972 ponoči v neki zapuščeni konjušnici, s čimer si je lahko produkcijska ekipa (večinoma Lynchevi prijatelji; Sissy Spacek, Jack Fisk, Frederick Elmes in zvočni snovalec Alan Splet) ustvarila sobo za kamero, sobo z zelenim ozadjem, sobo za montažo, jedilnico in stranišče. Na začetku je projekt financiral AFI, ki je zagotovil 10.000 USD, kar pa ni bilo dovolj. Studii so nanje pritiskali zaradi uspeha relativno poceni filma Goli v sedlu, zato mu niso mogli priskrbeti dodatnih sredstev. Lynch je dobil posojilo od očeta, delal pa je tudi kot raznašalec časopisa Wall Street Journal. Ne dolgo v produkcijo filmo sta se Lynch in Peggy sporazumno ločila, zato je lahko ves čas živel na kraju snemanja. Leta 1977 je se ponovno poročil, tokrat z Mary Fisk, sestro Jacka Fiska.

Film Eraserhead je posnet v črno-beli tehniki. Govori o mlademu Henryju (Jack Nance), ki živi v distopični industrijski pušči. Njegovo dekle rodi deformiranega otroka in ga zapusti v njegovi negi. Dojenček stalno joče, kar ga skrbi. Ko ugotovi, da je bolan, mu skuša pomagati, kar vodi v dojenčkovo smrt. Po smrti da preganjajo demoni, ki predstavljajo otroka, in Henry se znajde v »nebesih«, ki jih doseže, ko vstopi v središče kamnitega planeta. Lynch se upira temu, da bi film interpretiral ali »priznal svoje razmišljanje, ki se skriva za mnogimi abstrakcijami v filmu«. Kljub temu je priznal, da je na film vplivalo strašno ozračje v Filadelfiji in ga označil za »svoj Philadelphia Story«.

Zaradi finančnih težav je bilo snemanje neredno z mnogimi prekinitvami in novimi začetki. Med eno prkinitvijo leta 1974 je Lynch ustvaril kratki film The Amputee o ženski z amputiranimi nogami (igrala jo je Catherine Coulson, Nancejeva žena), ki glasno prebira pismo, medtem ko ji zdravnik (igra ga Lynch sam) izpira štrclja.

Eraserhead je bil končan leta 1976 po petih letih produkcije. Lynch ga je skušal uvrstiti v program Filmskega festivala v Cannesu, a so kljub nekaterim dobrim recenzijam drugi kritiki menili, da je obupen, zato ga niso izbrali. Zavrnili so ga tudi na Newyorškem filmskem festivalu, doživel pa je predvajanje na Filmskem festivalu v Los Angelesu, kjer je zanj slišal Ben Barenholtz. Zelo je podpiral film in pomagal z njegovo distribucijo po ZDA leta 1977. Eraserhead je postal priljubljen v krogih ljubiteljev podtalnega »polnočnega filma« in oklicali so ga za enega najpomembnejših »polnočnih filmov« sedemdesetih poleg filmov El Topo, Rožnati plamenci, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, The Harder They Come in Noč živih mrtvecev. Priznani filmski ustvarjalec Stanley Kubrick je dejal, da je bil eden od njegovih najljubših filmov vseh časov.

Človek slon in uspeh pri širšem občinstvu: 1980–1982
Po uspehu kultnega filma Eraserhead ga je odkril Stuart Cornfeld, izvršni producent za Mela Brooksa in dejal, da ga je film »popolnoma osupnil... Mislil sem si, da je najboljša stvar, ki sem jo kdaj videl. Film je bil izkušnja očiščenja.« Obrnil se je na Lyncha in mu obljubil pomoč pri naslednjem projektu, filmu Ronnie Rocket, za katerega je Lynch že napisal scenarij. Kmalu je spoznal, da ne bo nihče financiral filma, za katerega je dejal, da govori »o elektriki in tri čevlje visokem rdečelascu«, zato je Cornfelda prosil za scenarij kakšnega drugega ustvarjalca, po katerem bi lahko režiral film. Ko je slišal naslov prvega, Človek Slon, ga je takoj izbral.

Človek slon (po scenariju Chrisa de Voreja in Erica Bergrena) temelji na resnični zgodbi o Josephu Merricku, močno iznakaženemu človeku-slonu, ki je živel v viktorijanskem Londonu. Najprej je bil (po scenariju) del zabavne predstave, ki jo je prirejal njegov nasilni skrbnik, pozneje pa se je zdravil pri londonskem kirurgu Fredericku Trevesu, ki ga je predstavil londonski kirurški javnosti, hkrati pa ga začel spoznavati kot človeka in ne spako. Lynch je želel uvesti nekaj sprememb, ki bi po njegovem mnenju izboljšale zgodbo. Da bi to lahko storil, je potreboval Brooksovo privolitev. Ta si je pozneje ogledal film Eraserhead in po prihodu iz dvorane Lyncha objel, rekoč: »Vi ste norec, ljubim vas! You're in.«

Nastali film z Johnom Hurtom v vlogi Johna Merricka (pravilneje: Joseph Merrick) in Anthonyjem Hopkinsom v vlogi Fredericka Trevesa je bil velik kritiški in finančni uspeh. Snemanje je potekalo v Londonu. Lynch je dodal svoj nadrealistični pristop s snemanjem v črno-beli tehniki na barvni filmski trak. Kljub temu ga opisujejo kot enega Lynchevih »najbolj konvencionalnih« filmov. Človek slon je prejel osem nominacij za oskarja, med njimi za najboljšo režijo in najboljši prirejeni scenarij za Lyncha osebno.

Dune - puščavski planet in Modri žamet: 1983–1986
Po uspehu Človeka slona mu je George Lucas, ki je bil tudi sam oboževalec filma Eraserhead, ponudil režiranje tretjega dela v njegovi trilogiji Vojne zvezd, Vrnitev jedija, a je Lynch odklonil, saj je želel, da ga Lucas režira po svoji viziji. Kmalu se je pojavila nova priložnost za režiranje znanstvenofantastičnega epa z visokim proračunom. Dino de Laurentiis ga je prosil, da ustvari filmsko predelavo znanstvenofantastičnega romana Dune (Sipine) Franka Herberta. S podpisom pogodbe je bil Lynch obvezan, da ustvari še dve deli za Laurentiisovo podjetje. Najprej je pisal scenarij po izvirnem romanu skupaj s Chrisom de Vorom in Ericom Bergrenom, kasneje pa sam, saj De Laurentiis ni bil zadovoljen z njunimi idejami. Lynch je pomagal pri izgradnji nekaterih prizorišč, saj je želel za film ustvariti »nek določen izgled«. Še posebej je užival pri izdelavi prizorišča za planet Giedi Prime, za katerega je »uporabil jeklo, vijake in porcelan«.

Dune - puščavski planet se odvija daleč v prihodnosti, ko ljudje živijo v medzvezdnem cesarstvu s fevdalnim sistemom. Glavni junak Paul Atreides (igra ga Kyle MacLachlan) je sin plemiča, ki prevzame nadzor nad puščavskim planetom Arrakis, na katerem pridobivajo redko Začimbo (angleško »Spice«, tudi melange), ki je najbolj dragocena dobrina v cesarstvu. Lynch ni bil zadovoljen s končnim izdelkom. Kasneje je pripomnil: »Dune je bil nekakšen studijski film. Nisem smel določiti končne različice. Počasi sem začel podzavestno sprejemati kompromise«. Veliko posnetkov so na koncu odstranili iz končne kinematografske različice, kar je bistveno zgostilo zgodbo. Čeprav je De Laurentiis upal, da bo tako uspešen kot Vojna zvezd, je bil sprejem pri gledalcih in kritikih slab. Izdelava je stala 45 milijonov dolarjev, na ameriškem trgu pa se je povrnilo samo 27,4 milijonov dolarjev. Kasneje je Universal Studios izdal uro daljšo različico z novo pripovedno nitjo, ki ni predstavljala Lynchevih namenov, a se je studiu vseeno zdela razumljivejša od prejšnje dvourne različice. Lynch je ugovarjal tem spremembam, zato se je dal črtati iz mesta režiserja (ime so spremenili v »Alan Smithee«) in scenarista, kjer je uporabil psevdonim »Judas Booth«, ki je odseval njegov občutek, da je bil izdan.

Leta 1983 je začel pisati strip The Angriest Dog in the World, v katerem nastopa pes na povodcu v vseskozi enaki upodobitvi, ki je tako jezen, da se ne more premikati, skupaj z nerazložljivimi filozofskimi sklici. Objavljal ga je med leti 1983 in 1992 v tabloidih in drugih publikacijah, kot sta Village Voice in Creative Loafing. Lynch se je začel zanimati tudi za fotografijo kot umetniško obliko. Potoval je na sever Anglije in fotografiral razpadajoče industrijske krajine, za katere se je še posebej zanimal.

Glede na pogodbo je moral Lynch za De Laurentisa izdelati še dva filma. Nadaljevanje Duna ni prišlo v poštev, saj film zaradi neuspeha prvega dela sploh ni prišel v fazo pisanja scenarija. Tretji film je bil bolj osebne narave, posnet po scenariju, ki ga je Lynch pripravljal dlje časa. V njem je razvijal ideje, ki so nastajale že od leta 1973. Modri žamet se odvija v namišljenem mestu Lumberton v ZDA in govori o študentu Jeffreyju Beaumontu (igra ga Kyle MacLachlan), ki najde na polju odrezano uho. S pomočjo prijateljice Sally (igra jo Laura Dern) nadaljuje z raziskavo in odkrije, da je povezano z zločinsko tolpo pod vodstvom psihopata Franka Bootha (igra ga Dennis Hopper), ki je ugrabil moža in otroka pevke Dorothy Vallens (igra jo Isabella Rossellini) in jo večkrat posilil. Lynch je opisal zgodbo kot »sanje o čutnih poželenjih, zavitih v misterij«.

V filmu se je odločil za pop glasbo iz šestdesetih, kot sta pesmi »In Dreams« Roya Orbisona ter »Blue Velvet« Bobbyja Vintona, ki je v veliki meri navdihnila film, kot pesem, »ki je podžgala film... Glede te pesmi je nekaj skrivnostnega. Zaradi nje sem začel razmišljati o stvareh. In prva stvar, na katero sem pomislil, so bile zelenice - zelenice in soseska.« Tudi drugo glasbo za film so producirali sami; skladal jo je Angelo Badalamenti, ki je produciral glasbo tudi za nadaljnje Lyncheve filmske projekte. Dino de Laurentiis je bil nad filmom navdušen, a ga širše občinstvo ni maralo. Čeprav je bil Lynch popularen že zaradi Človeka slona, ga je šele polemika med kritiki in gledalci Modrega žameta predstavila širšim množicam filmskih gledalcev. Modri žamet je bil velika kritiška in zmerna finančna uspešnica. Prinesel mu je drugo nominacijo za oskarja za najboljšega režiserja - Woddy Allen, čigar film Hannah and Her Sisters je bil nominiran za najboljši film, je dejal, da je njegov najljubši film leta.

Twin Peaks, Divji v srcu in Ogenj hodi z menoj: 1987–1996

V poznih osemdesetih je začel Lynch delati za televizijo in film. Leta 1989 je režiral kratko delo The Cowboy and the Frenchman za francosko televizijo. Spoznal se je tudi s televizijskim producentom Markom Frostom, ki je poprej delal na policijski seriji Hill Street Blues. Začela sta delo na biografskem flimu igralke in pevke Marilyn Monroe po knjižni predlogi. Ker se projekt ni obnesel, sta začela z delom na komičnem scenariju One Saliva Bubble, ki tudi ni bil dokončan. Med pogovorom v kavarni sta dobila idejo o truplu, ki ga splavi na obalo jezera, in se lotila tretjega projekta, imenovanega Northwest Passage, ki je kasneje postal serija Twin Peaks (1990–1991). Dramska serija se odvija v malem mestu v zvezni državi Washington, ZDA, kjer odkrijejo posiljeno truplo priljubljene dijakinje Laure Palmer. Posebni agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) skuša odkriti njenega morilca, a se mu razkrijejo tudi nadnaravni elementi umora in mnoge skrivnosti prebivalcev mesta. Lynch je sam povzel, da »je bil resnični projekt pomešanje policijske preiskave in običajnega življenja likov.« Kasneje je razkril, da sta s Frostom vsaj na začetku delala zelo usklajeno, kasneje pa bolj vsak zase. Serijo sta predstavila televizijski hiši ABC Network, ki je financirala pilotno epizodo in kasneje naročila prvo sezono s sedmimi deli.

V izdelavo je šla tudi druga sezona z 22 deli. Lynch je režiral samo šest epizod, saj je bil zaposlen s filmom Divji v srcu, a je pozorno izbral režiserje za preostale epizode. Lynch se je pojavil v več epizodah serije kot naglušni agent FBI Gordon Cole. Serija je bila zelo uspešna, tako v ZDA kot v tujini, in hitro pridobila kultni status. Vodstvo ABC Networka je menilo, da zanimanje pri gledalcih pada, zato so vztrajali, da režiserja razkrijeta Laurinega morilca, kar sta kljub nezadovoljstvu tudi storila. Lynch pravi, da je to eno njegovih največjih poklicnih obžalovanj. Po razkritju so termin serije prestavili iz četrtka na soboto in čeprav se je predvajanje nadaljevalo, so jo zaradi padca gledanosti ukinili. Lynch, ki mu ni bila všeč smer, ki so jo ubrali scenaristi in režiserji, je vseeno režiral zadnjo epizodo. Sezono je končal s »cliffhangerjem« in kasneje dodal, da »to še ni bil konec. To je bil samo konec, s katerim sem pustil gledalce.«

Med produkcijo Twin Peaksov je akademija Brooklyn Academy of Music Lyncha in skladatelja Angela Badalamentija (odgovornega za glasbo v seriji) zaprosila za odrsko delo, ki bi ga uprizorili samo dvakrat leta 1989 kot del Festivala New Music America. Ustvarila sta Industrial Symphony No. 1: The Dream of the Broken Hearted z Lauro Dern, Nicolasom Cageom in Michaelom J. Andersonom; vsebovala je pet pesmi, ki jih je odpela Julee Cruise. Lynch je leta 1990 produciral 50-minutni video predstave. Istočasno je bil vpleten tudi v mnoge reklame za razna podjetja, kot so bili parfumerji Yves Saint Laurent, Calvin Klein in Giorgio Armani ter japonsko podjetje za kavo Namoj, v kateri je Japonec po mestu Twin Peaks iskal pogrešano ženo.
Med delom na prvih epizodah serije mu je prijatelj Monty Montgomery »dal knjigo, ki jo je želel prevesti v film. Vprašal me je, če želim biti izvršni producent ali kaj takega, na kar sem odgovoril, da se bojim, da se bom vanjo zaljubil, potem pa ga bom želel sam režirati, na kar je dejal, da lahko v tem primeru film režiram sam.« Knjiga je bila roman Wild ar Heart: The Story of Sailor and Lula Barryja Gifforda, ki govori o dveh ljubimcih na cestnem potovanju. Lynch je dejal, da je bila knjiga »ravno prava stvar ob pravem času. Knjiga in nasilje v Ameriki sta se zlila v mojih mislih in zgodilo se je marsikaj.« Z Giffordovo podporo jo je predelal v film Divji v srcu, kriminalko z Nicolasom Cageom kot Sailorjem in Lauro Dern kot Lulo. Zgodbo je opisal kot »čudno mešanico cestnega filma, ljubezenskega filma, psihološke drame in nasilne komedije«. Spremenil je precej izvorne zgodbe, spremenil konec in dodal sklice na klasični film Čarovnik iz Oza. Čeprav se ameriški kritiki ob filmu niso preveč zganili, je leta 1990 prejel zlato palmo na filmskem festivalu v Cannesu.

Po uspehu filma Divji v srcu se je želel Lynch vrniti v svet takrat že ukinjene serije Twin Peaks, tokrat brez Marka Frosta. Ustvaril je filmski predhodnik in naslednik serije, saj da mu je všeč ideja o tem, da se zgodba giblje v preteklost in prihodnost. Nastal je film Twin Peaks: Ogenj hodi z menoj (1992), ki prikazuje predvsem zadnje dni življenja Laure Palmer in je mračnejši od televizijske serije. Umaknjena je večina humorja, pojavljata pa se tudi temi incesta in umora. Lynch je dejal, da film govori o »osamljenosti, sramoti, občutku krivde in uničenosti žrtev incesta«. Ogenj hodi z menoj je financiralo podjetje CIBY-2000. Večina igralcev se je vrnila v svoje vloge iz serije, a so nekateri odklonili, nekateri pa nad projektom niso bili preveč navdušeni. Film je bil kritiška in finančna polomija, a so ga ponekod po svetu hvalili, nekateri kritiki pa ga označujejo celo za Lynchevo »mojstrovino«.

V vmesnem času sta Lynch in Frost delala na novih serijah. Po Twin Peaks sta producirala dokumentarec American Chronicles (1990), ki raziskuje življenje v ZDA, komično serijo On the Air (1992), ki so jo ukinili po samo treh epizodah in tri-epizodno miniserijo Hotel room (1993) za HBO o dogodkih v neki hotelski sobi, ki se zgodijo ob različnih časih.

Izgubljena cesta, Resnična zgodba in Mulholland Drive: 1997–2001
Po izidu teh neuspešnih televizijskih podvigov se je Lynch vrnil k snemanju filmov. Leta 1997 je prišla na filmska platna ne-linearna, temačna Izgubljena cesta z igralcema Billom Pullmanom in Patricio Arquette v glavnih vlogah, ki jo je napisal skupaj z Barryjem Gliffordom. Film je bil finančno neuspešen, pri kritikih pa je vzbudil mešane odzive.

Po Izgubljeni cesti je začel delati na filmu po scenariju Mary Sweeney in Johna E. Roacha. Nastal je film Resnična zgodba (Straight Story) po resnični zgodbi Alvina Straghta (igra ga Richard Farnsworth), ostarelega možakarja iz Laurensa v Iowi, ki se odpravi na 300 milj dolgo potovanje s traktorso kosilnico do svojega obolelega brata. Lynch je izbral ta projekt, ker se je zaljubil v scenarij in občudoval Straighta, ki ga je opisal kot »Jamesa Deana, samo da je star«. Angelo Badalamenti je ponovno produciral glasbo, a je bila zelo drugačna od njegovega prejšnjega dela z Lynchem.

Za razliko od prejšnjih filmov v Resnični zgodbi ni prizorov obscenosti, spolnosti in nasilja. Le Blanc in Odell sta zapisala, »da je zgodba kolikor se le da odmaknjena od Lynchevih starejših del, a je od samega začetka povsem njegov - nadrealističen cesti film.«

Istega leta je Lynch pri televizijski hiši ABC predlagal idejo za televizijsko dramo. Dali so mu dovoljenje, da posname dvourno pilotno epizodo za serijo Mulholland Drive, ki je bila zaradi dolžine in vsebine preložena za nedoločen čas. S 7 milijoni dolarjev francoske produkcijske hiše StudioCanal jo je dokončal kot film. Nadrealistična zgodba z nelinearno pripovedjo o temni plati Hollywooda z igralci Naomi Watts, Lauro Harring in Justinom Therouxom je bila finančno precej uspešna, na Filmskem festivalu v Cannesu leta 2001 pa je za svoje delo prejel tudi nagrado za najboljšega režiserja. Poleg te nagrade je prejel še svojo tretjo nominacijo za oskarja za najboljšega režiserja in nagrado za najboljšega režiserja New York Film Critics Association. V letu 2016 je bil imenovan za najboljši film 21. stoletja s strani 177 fimskih kritikov iz 36 držav.

Internetno delo in Notranje zadeve: 2002–2013
Z naraščajočo priljubljenostjo interneta kot distribucijskega kanala se je Lynch usmeril v ustvarjanje novih serij, ki jih je izdal na svoji spletni strani, davidlynch.com. Leta 2002 je nastala kratka spletna serija Dumbland. 8 epizod, namerno surovih po vsebini in izvedbi, so kasneje izdali na formatu DVD. Istega leta je izdal še nadrealistično situacijsko komedijo Zajci (Rabbits) o družini človeku podobnih zajcev. Kasneje je eksperimentiral s formatom Digital Video in nastal je 8-minutni film v slogu japonskih grozljivk, Darkened Room. Leta 2006 je izšel triurni film Notranje zadeve, Lynchev najdaljši. Kot Izgubljena cesta in Mulholland Drive pred njim tudi ta film ne vsebuje tradicionalne linearne zgodbe. V filmu igrajo Lynchevi pogosti sodelavci Laura Dern, Harry Dean Stanton, Justin Theroux ter Naomi Watts in Laura Harring (glasova Suzie in Jane Rabbit), pojavi pa se tudi Jeremy Irons. Lynch ga je opisal kot "misterij o ženski v težavah". Da bi ga promoviral, se je celo oblekel v kostum krave in nosil plakat s sloganom »Brez sira ne bi bilo Notranjih zadev«.

Leta 2009 je produciral dokumentarno spletno serijo v režiji svojega sina Austina Lyncha in prijatelja Jasona S., Interview Project. Ker se je zanimal za delo z Wernerjem Herzogom, je leta 2009 produciral njegov film My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? Z uporabo nenavadne pripovedne strukture pove zgodbo o igralcu, ki ubije lastno mater (igra jo pogosta Lyncheva sodelavka Grace Zabriskie). Želi posneti dokumentarec o Maharišiju Mahešiju Jogiju (utemeljitelju transcendentalne meditacije) z intervjuji ljudi, ki so ga poznali.

Leta 2010 se je pojavil kot gost v animirani seriji The Cleveland Show kot natakar Gus. V sodelovanje ga je prepričal glavni igralec Mike Henry, ki je velik Lynchev oboževalec. Za modno hišo Dior je posnel 15-minutni oglasni video z Marion Cotillrard.

23. maja 2011 je režiral tudi koncert angleške novovalovske skupine Duran Duran, ki so ga prenašali v živo na Youtubu iz losangeleškega kina Mayan Theater. Šlo je za otvoritev druge sezone serije koncertnih filmov Unstaged: An Original Series from American Express. »Ideja je poskusiti spotoma ustvarjati sloje kadrov, ki prikažejo Duran Duran na odru. Svet eksperimentiranja in (če gre vse po sreči) veselih naključij«, je dejal Lynch. Kratka animacija I Touch a Red Button Man, sodelovanje med Lynchem in glaspeno skupino Interpol, se je vrtela v ozadju med Interpolovim koncertom na festivalu Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival aprila 2011. Ta kratki film z Interpolovo skladbo »Lights« je na voljo na spletu.

Leta 2012 so se razširile govorice, da se namerava režiser upokojiti, a je Lynch kasneje v intervjuju dejal, da mu samo primanjkuje navdiha za nov filmski projekt in da bi se dela lotil takoj, če dobi idejo, v katero se bo zaljubil. Novembra istega leta je namignil na načrte za nov film. Januarja 2013 je Laura Dern potrdila, da z Lynchem načrtujeta nov projekt, časopis The New York Times pa je razkril, da režiser piše scenarij. Idem Paris (spletna izdaja februarja 2013) je krajši dokumentarni film o izdelavi litografij. 28. junija 2013 je izšel glasbeni spot za pesem Came Back Haunted skupine Nine Inch Nails, ki ga je sam režiral. Posnel je tudi fotografije za album Dumb Numbers istoimenskega projekta, ki je izšel avgusta 2013.

Ponovna oživitev serije Twin Peaks: 2014–danes

6. oktobra 2014 je Lynch preko Twitterja potrdil, da bo začel leta 2015 z Markom Frostom snemati 9 epizod dolgo sezono serije Twin Peaks. Lynch in Frost sta napisala vseh devet epizod. 5. aprila 2015 je oznanil, da je projekt še živ, a da ga ne želi več režirati, ker je proračun prenizek za to, kar želi ustvariti. 15. maja je nato sporočil, da bo sodeloval pri oživitvi, saj da je rešil težave s produkcijsko mrežo Showtime. Njihov izvršni direktor je kasneje potrdil, da bo Lynch režiser nove sezone, in oznanil, da bodo namesto prvotno načrtovanih devet epizod posneli kar 18 nadaljevanj. Snemanje se je končalo aprila 2016, 21. maja 2017 pa je serija doživela dve epizodi dolgo premiero. Od prikaza zadnje epizode se je špekuliralo, ali bo ustvaril še četrto sezono, česar Lynch ni zanikal, a je dejal, da ni zelo verjetno, da bi bila dokončana pred letom 2021.

Filmski vplivi in teme

Vplivi
Lynch je dejal, da so njegovi filmi v mnogih pogledih bolj podobni delom evropskih kot ameriških ustvarjalcev filmov, saj naj bi bila večina filmov, ki te »pretresejo v dno duše«", plod evropskih ustvarjalcev. Lynch je izrazil navdušenje nad režiserji, kot so Federico Fellin,i Werner Herzog, Alfred Hitchcock, Roman Polanski, in Jacques Tati, pa tudi nad Stanleyjem Kubrickom in Billyjem Wilderjem. Izjavil je, da sta Wilderjev film Bulvar somraka (1950) in Kubrickova Lolita (1962) dva od njegovih najljubših filmov. Kot vpliva je navedel tudi filma Carnival of Souls (Herk Harvey, 1962) in Deep End (Jerzy Skolimowski, 1970).

Motivi
V Lynchevih delih se nekatere teme pojavljajo vedno znova, zato sta kritika Le Blanc in Odell trdila, da »so filmi tako polni motivov, ponavljajočih se likov, slik, kompozicij in tehnik, da lahko na Lynchev celotni opus gledamo kot veliko sestavljanko idej«. Ena od ključnih je gotovo uporaba sanj in sanjskih slik ter struktur, kar kritika povezujeta z »nadrealističnim etosom«, ki se opira »na podzavest kot vizualno gonilo«. To vidimo v Človeku slonu, kjer John Merrick sanja o svoji materi, v Twin Peaks, kjer vladni agent Copper sanja o »rdeči sobi«, in »sanjska logika« pripovedništva v filmih Eraserhead, Mulholland Drive ter Notranje zadeve. Glede svojega odnosa do sanj je dejal, da so »čuječe sanje tiste, ki so pomembne. Takšne, ki pridejo med tihim sedenjem na stolu, ko pustim mislim, da tavajo. Ko spiš, ne moreš nadzorovati sanj. Rad se potopim v sanjski svet, ki sem ga ustvaril ali odkril; svet, ki sem ga izbral... [Drugih ne moreš pripreljati do tega, da jih doživijo, ampak] ravno tu je moč filma.« Njegovi filmi so znani po uporabi magičnega realizma.

Še ena vidna tema je industrija z večkrat pojavljajočimi se slikami »ropotanja strojev, moči batov, senc črpalk za nafto, kričečih žag in tovarn, iz katerih se kadi dim«, kot v filmu Eraserhead, tovarne v Človeku slonu, žaga v Twin Peaks in kosilnica v Resnični zgodbi. Glede tega je dejal, da »se počuti dobro, ko vidi veliko mašinerijo, ki dela; se ukvarja s staljeno kovino. Rad imam ogenj in dim. In zvoki so tako mogočni. Gre za velike reči. Pomeni, da se stvari izdelujejo, kar imam zelo rad.«

Spet druga tema je temna plat nasilnih kriminalnih aktivnosti znotraj družbe, kot je Frankova tolpa v Modrem žametu ali tolpa tihotapcev kokaina v Twin Peaks. Ideja deformiranosti je tudi del nekaterih filmov, kot je Človek slon in dojenček v Eraseheadu, pa smrt od strelnih ran v glavo, ki se pojavi v večini Lynchevih filmov. Druge pogoste slike so utripajoče električne luči, ogenj in oder, na katerem nastopa pevec, pogosto obdan z draperijo.

Z izjemo Človeka slona in Duna - puščavskega planeta, ki se dogajata v viktorijanskem Londonu in namišljeni galaksiji, se njegovi filmi odvijajo v ZDA. Dejal je: »Rad imam nekatere stvari o Ameriki in dajejo mi ideje. Ko grem naokoli in vidim stvari, se ustvarjajo majhne zgodbe, ali pa se pojavijo majhni liki, zato se mi zdi prav, da izdelujem ameriške filme.« V številnih delih (Modri žamet, Twin Peaks, Izgubljena cesta) se namerno spominja kulture 50. let prejšnjega stoletja, čeprav se dogajajo proti koncu stoletja. Lynch je dejal, da »je bilo na marsikakšen način fantastično desetletje... nekaj je bilo v zraku, česar več ni. Bil je tako dober občutek, pa ne samo zato, ker sem bil otrok. Bil je čas poln upanja in stvari so šle navzgor, ne navzdol. Dobil si občutek, da lahko storiš karkoli. Prihodnost je bila svetla. Nismo si mislili, da smo polagali temelje za katastrofalno prihodnost.«

Lynch rad postavlja vodilno žensko igralko v »razdvojeno« vlogo, zato imajo mnoge ženske v njegovih filmih multiple, razdrobljene identitete. Ta pristop je prvič ubral z igralko Sheryl Lee, ki v Twin Peaks igra tako Lauro Palmer kot tudi njeno sestrično Maddy Ferguson. V Izgubljeni cesti igra Patricia Arquette Renee Madison in Alice Wakefield, v Mulholland Drivu igra Naomi Watts Diane Selwyn in Betty Elms, Laura Harring Camillo Rhodes in Rito, v Notranjih zadevah pa Laura Dern Nikki Grace in Susan Blue. Več alternativnih verzij glavnega lika in primeri razdrobljene časovnice morda odsevajo in/ali se sklicujejo na interpretacijo mnogoterih svetov kvantne mehanike in morda Lynchevo širše zanimanje za kvantno fiziko. Nekateri so predlagali, da je tema razdvojenosti posledica vpliva Hitchcockove Vrtoglavice (1958); tako lik Judy Barton kot lik Madelaine Elster igra Kim Novak.

Pogosto ustvarja like z nadnaravno in vsemogočno naravo. Predstavljajo lahko manifestacijo različnih konceptov, kot je sovraštvo ali strah. Primeri takšnih likov so »Človek iz notranosti planeta« v Eraserheadu, Bob v Twin Peaks, »Skrivnostni mož« v Izgubljeni cesti, Klatež v Mulholland Drivu in Fantom v Notranjih zadevah. Lynch se loteva likov in vsebine filmov na tak način, da jih prežame s sanjskim stanjem raje kot z resničnostjo.

Lynchevi pogosti sodelavci
Lynch je znan tudi po sodelovanju z različnimi produkcijskimi umetniki in skladatelji. Pogosto sodeluje z Angelom Badalamentijem, ki sklada glasbo za njegove produkcije, nekdanjo ženo Mary Sweeney kot filmsko montažerko ter igralci Harryjem Deanom Stantonom, Jackom Nancem, Kylom MacLachlanom, Naomi Watts, Isabello Rossellini, Grace Zabriskie in Lauro Dern.

Druga dela

Slikarstvo
Lynch se je najprej usposabljal za slikarja in čeprav je bolj znan po ustvarjanju filmov, še danes slika. Dejal je: »Vse moje slike so organske, nasilne komedije. Potrebno je, da so ustvarjene z nasiljem, primitivne in surove, zaradi tega puščam, da slika narava bolj kot jaz sam.« Mnoga njegova dela so zelo temna in Lynch je dejal, da je tako, kerne vem, kaj naj naj počnem z [barvami]. Barve so zame preveč resnične. To me omejuje. Ne dopuščajo ne vem kakšnih sanj. Več črne kot dodaš barvi, bolj sanjska postaja... Črna barva ima globino. Je kot nekakšna potopitev; lahko greš v njo, in ker je še vedno temna, se vključi um in mnoge stvari, ki se v njej dogajajo, se manifestirajo. Začneš videvati stvari, ki se jih bojiš. Začneš videvati kar ljubiš in vse postane kot sanje.
Veliko njegovih del vsebuje tudi črke in besede, dodane slikam. Lynch razlaga: Besede v slikah so včasih pomembne, saj sprožijo razmišljanje o tem, kaj vse se še dogaja tam. In velikokrat me besede vznemirijo kot oblike in nekaj izraste iz tega. Včasih sem jih izrezoval majhne črke in jih prilepil zraven. Nekako pač izgledajo dobro, zvrščene kot zobje... včasih postanejo ime slike.Lynch vidi irskega slikarja iz 20. stoletja, Francisa Bacona, kot svojega »nekako največjega heroja med slikarji«, saj da ima navadno rad samo nekaj let umetnikovega ustvarjanja, Baconova dela pa so mu vsa všeč, saj »ima pravo stvar«.

Lynch je bil subjekt večje umetniške retrospektive v Parizu med 3. in 27. majem 2007. Razstava se je imenovala The Air is on Fire in vključevala številne slike, fotografije, risbe, alternativne filme in njegovo delo z zvokom. Za razstavo so bile izdelane tudi nove inštalacije, spremljal pa jo je raznolik program. Nekatera Lyncheva dela vsebujejo fotografije seciranih piščancev in drugih živali kot reklama za igračo »Sestavi si svojega piščanca«.

Njegova alma mater, akademija Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, je leta 2014 predstavila njegova dela pod imenom The Unified Field.

Lynchevi najljubši fotografi so William Eggleston, Joel-Peter Witkin in Diane Arbus.

Ogenj na odru: razstava v Ljubljani
Aprila 2018 so v prostorih Mednarodnega grafičnega likovnega centra v Gradu Tivoli v Ljubljani pripravili prvo razstavo Lynchevih likovnih del v Sloveniji s poudarkom na seriji 70 litografij in izboru slik iz zasebne zbirke, ki jo dopolnjujejo režiserjevi akvareli in izbor eksperimentalnih ter animiranih filmov. Ideja za ustvarjanje litografij so mu je porodila med obiskom pariškega grafičnega ateljeja Idem Paris leta 2007, kjer se je seznanil z njihovo bogato zgodovino, navdušila pa sta ga tudi atmosfera studia in delo z litografskimi stroji, s katerimi so tiskali tudi priznani umetniki, kot so Picasso, Matisse, Braque in drugi.

Kustos razstave Božidar Zrinski je v razstavni publikaciji zapisal, da litografije povezujejo nadrealistični motivi, psihološka karakterizacija, črni humor in brutalno nasilje. Figure so nejasno izrisane, dimenzije figure iznakažene, obrazi pa v stanju, ki je včasih bližje grozi, spet drugič pa zasanjani ekstazi.

Razstavo so od aprila do zaključka v juliju 2018 spremljali tudi raznoliki pokloni umetniku. V Slovenski kinoteki so predvajali cikel filmov Davida Lyncha, potekale pa so tudi okrogle mize (o njegovem vplivu na slovensko identiteto), delavnice animacije, lutkovna interpretacija Zajcev, transcendentalna meditacija, koncerti, ipd.

Glasba

Lynch je bil vpleten v številne glasbene projekte, mnogi od njih so povezani z njegovimi filmi. Žanri njegovih albumov so razpeti med eksperimentalnim rockom, ambientom in avantgardnim elektropopom. Najbolj znan je kot producent in pisec besedila za prva albuma ameriške pevke Julee Cruise Floating into the Night (1989) in The Voice of Love (1993) v sodelovanju z Angelom Badalamentijem, ki je za albuma skladal glasbo in ju tudi produciral. Leta 1998 je sodeloval tudi na albumu Lux Vivens Jocelyn Montgomery. Skladal je glasbo za lastne produkcije Divji v srcu, Twin Peaks: Ogenj hodi z menoj, Mulholland Drive in Zajci. Leta 2001 je izdal album BlueBob, rock album, na katerem je izvajalec poleg Johna Neffa. Album je znan po Lynchevem nenavadnem slogu igranja. Nazadnje je napisal dve skladbi za Notranje zadeve, »Ghost of Love« in »Walkin' on the Sky«, kjer se je prvič predstavil kot pevec. Leta 2009 je izdal set knjige in CD-ja Dark Night of the Soul. Leta 2008 je ustanovil lastno založbo David Lynch MC, ki je najprej zgodaj leta 2009 izdala Fox Bat Strategy: A Tribute to Dave Jaurequi. Avgusta 2009 so naznanili, da bodo izdali album Lion of Panjshir afganistansko-ameriške pevke Ariane Delawari.

Novembra 2010 je Lynch izdal dva elektropop singla »Good Day Today« in »I Know«. V intervjuju je opisal, zakaj ju je izdal: »Sedel sem in te note so prišle, potem pa sem začel delati z Deanom [Hurleyjem, njegovim inženirjem] in potem je prišlo teh nekaj not `I want to have a good day, today` in pesem je bila zgrajena okoli tega.« Singloma je sledil album Crazy Clown Time, izdan novembra 2011, opisan kot »album elektronskega bluesa«. Pesmi poje Lynch, na enem singlu pa se mu pridruži Karen O iz skupine Yeah Yeah Yeahs; pesmi sta skladala Lynch in Hurley.

29. septembra 2011 je izdal 11 pesmi dolg album This Train z vokalistko in glasbeno sodelavko Chrysto Bell, ki ga je sam produciral, napisal pa skupaj z Bellovo. Album vključuje pesem »Polish Poem« iz filma Notranje zadeve. Glasbeno sodelovanje je rodilo še 5 pesmi dolg EP Somewhere In the Nowhere (7. oktober 2016).

Leta 2013 je izšel Lynchev drugi album The Big Dream s singlom »I'm Waiting Here« s švedsko kantavtorico Lykke Li. Pred izdajo se je na Lynchevem profilu na Youtubu in Vinu pojavil 43-sekundni enigmatični video TBD716.

Dizajn
Lynch je zasnoval in izdelal pohištvo za film Izgubljena cesta iz leta 1997, predvsem majhno mizo v hiši družine Madison in ohišje videorekorderja. Aprila 1997 je na Milanskem pohištvenem sejmu v Italiji predstavil zbirko pohištva. Dejal je: »Dizajn in glasba, umetnost in arhitektura - vsi spadajo skupaj.«

V sodelovanju z oblikovalcem Raphaelom Navotom, arhitekturno agencijo Enia in svetlobnim oblikovalcem Thierryjem Dreyfusom je zasnoval in nočni klub v Parizu. Klun Silencio se je odprl oktobra 2011 in je namenjen zasebnim članom, čeprav je vstop po polnoči brezplačen za vsakogar. Pokrovitelji imajo dostop do koncertov, filmov in drugih predstav. Prostor je sestavljen iz več sob, posvečenih različnim namenom in razpoloženjem. Navdihnil ga je klub z istim imenom v filmu Mulholland Drive. »Silencio mi je zelo blizu. Želel sem ustvariti intimen prostor, kjer se srečajo vse umetnosti. Ne bo imel guruja, podobnega Warholu, a bo vseeno odprt za umetnike vseh disciplin, da pridejo ustvarjat in programirat kar želijo.«

Književnost
Leta 2006 je napisal kratko knjigo o svojem ustvarjalnem procesu, zgodbah iz kariere in koristnih spoznanjih, ki jih je imel zaradi transcendentalne meditacije, imenovano Kako ujeti veliko ribo: Meditacija, zavest in kreativnost. Metaforo za imenom je razložil v uvodu:Ideje so kot ribe.Če želiš ujeti male ribe, lahko ostaneš v plitvih vodah. Če pa želiš ujeti večje, moraš iti globlje. Globlje dol so ribe mogočnejše in neokrnjene. Ogromne so in abstraktne. In zelo lepe.Knjiga plete nelinearno avtobiografijo z opisi Lyncheve miselne izkušnje med transcendentalno meditacijo. Ves zaslužek od knjige gre skladu David Lynch Foundation.

Osebno življenje
Lynch je imel več dolgotrajnih razmerij. Leta 1967 se je v Čikagu poročil s Peggy Lentz. Leto kasneje se jima je rodila hči Jennifer Chambers Lynch, ki je tudi filmska režiserka. Leta 1974 sta se ločila. 21. junija 1977 se je poročil z Mary Fisk, s katero je imel sina Austina Jacka Lyncha, rojenega 1982. Ločila sta leta 1987, po čimer je režiser spletel razmerje z Mary Sweeney, s katero je imel sina. Sweeney je bila dolgo časa Lyncheva montažerka in producentka, sodelovala je pri pisanju Resnične zgodbe, ki jo je tudi producirala. Poročila sta se maja 2006, a istega leta julija tudi ločila. Leta 2009 se je poročil z igralko Emily Stofle, ki se je pojavila v njegovem filmu Notranje zadeve in oživitvi serije Twin Peaks. Par ima enega otroka, Lulo Boginio Lynch, rojeno 2012.

Politična stališča
Lynch je dejal, da »ni politična oseba« in da je politika nekaj, o čemer ne ve veliko. Vendar pa je v 90. letih izrazil navdušenje na ameriškim predsednikom Ronaldom Reaganom, češ da ga mara predvsem, ker daje vtis starega Hollywooda, vtis kavboja. Glede svoje politične filozofije je dejal, da se je identificiral kot libertarec, saj je verjel v najmanjšo mero vlade in da se še vedno nagiba k tej miselnosti in čim manj pravilom, razen za stvari, kot so semaforji. Trdi, da res verjame v reguliran promet. Lynch trdi, da je demokrat in da je bil verjetno vedno demokrat, čeprav jih zares ne mara, saj je kadilec, in demokrati so uvedli vse regulacije glede kajenja.

Leta 2000 je na ameriških predsedniških volitvah podpiral levosredinsko stranko Natural Law Party, leta 2012 bi glasoval za Obamo, leta 2016 pa za Bernia Sandersa, saj da je »za ljudi«.

Transcendentalna meditacija

Lynch zagovarja uporabo transcendentalne meditacije za izgradnjo miru na svetu. V tehniko meditacije se je uvedel julija 1973 in jo prakticira do danes. Lynch se je srečal z Maharišijem Mahešijem Jogijem, ustanoviteljem tega gibanja, leta 1975 v Los Angelesu. Zbližala sta se med enomesečnim tečajem za »razsvetljenje milijonarjev« leta 2003, kjer je pristojbina znašala kar milijon ameriških dolarjev.

Julija 2005 je začela delovati fundacija David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and Peace, ustanovljena z namenom štipendiranja učencev srednjih in nižjih srednjih šol, ki bi se radi naučili tehnik transcendentalne meditacije, in za financiranje raziskav vpliva tehnike na učenje. Skupaj z Johnom Hagelinom in Fredom Travisom, raziskovalcem možganov na univerzi Maharishi University of Management, je septembra 2006 na turneji po ameriških univerzitetnih kampusih promoviral svojo vizijo. Od leta 2005 na taisti univerzi gosti letni »Vikend Davida Lyncha za svetovni mir in meditacijo«.

Lynch si je prizadeval za izgradnjo sedmih zgradb in zagon ustanove, kjer bi 8.000 plačanih ljudi prakticiralo napredne meditacijske tehnike in »črpali mir v svet«, za kar je ob več priložnostih zbiral denar ali pa ga sam doniral. Stroške projekta je ocenil na 7 milijard ameriških dolarjev. V svoji knjigi Kako ujeti veliko ribo razpravlja o vplivu transcendentalne meditacije na njegov kreativni proces. Leta 2008 se je v Indiji udeležil Maharišijevega pogreba. Verjame, da bodo njegovi nauki čez 20, 50 ali 500 leta poznani in njegovo delo razumljeno. Leta 2009 je odpotoval v Indijo, da bi izvedel intervjuje z ljudmi, ki so ga poznali, kot del dokumentarne biografije.

Leta 2009 je organiziral dobrodelni koncert »Change Begins Within« za namene svoje fundacije. Podprli so ga glasbeniki Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, Donovan, Sheryl Crow, Eddie Vedder, Moby, Bettye LaVette, Ben Harper in Mike Love iz skupine The Beach Boys. David Wants to Fly (2010) je dokumentarni film nemškega filmarja Davida Sievekinga o poti njegovega osebnega idola, Davida Lyncha, v svet transcendentalne meditacije.

Beyond The Noise: My Transcendental Meditation Journey Dane Farley je še en projekt o transcendentalni meditaciji, pri katerem je sodeloval. Leta 2013 je dejal: »Transcendentalna meditacija vodi v lepo, mirno revolucijo. Sprememba iz trpljenja in negativnosti v srečo in življenje, ki je bolj in bolj osvobojeno težav.«

Spletna stran
Lynch je zasnoval svojo osebno spletno stran s plačljivo vsebino, kamor objavlja kratke videe, svojo absurdistično serijo Dumbland, intervjuje idr. Na strani se pojavlja tudi dnevno poročilo o vremenu, kjer Lynch na kratko opiše vreme v Los Angelesu, kjer prebiva. Do junija 2010 se je napoved (navadno krajša od 30 sekund) predvajala tudi na njegovem osebnem kanalu na Youtubu, David Lynch – Daily Weather Report. Absurdna melodija zvonenja I like to kill deer z njegove spletne strani se je pogosto pojavljala leta 2008 v oddaji The Howard Stern Show.

Lynch je tudi ljubitelj kave. Preko svoje spletne strani in v trgovski verigi Whole Foods prodaja lastno linijo posebnih organskih mešanic.

Albumi

Studijski albumi

Ghost of Love (EP, 2007)
Crazy Clown Time (2011)
The Big Dream (2013)

V sodelovanju z drugimi glasbeniki

BlueBOB (z Johnom Neffom) (2001)
The Air is on Fire (z Deanom Hurleyjem) (2007)
This Train (s Chrysto Bell) (2011)
Polish Night Music (z Marekom Zebrowskim) (2015)
Somewhere in the Nowhere (s Chrysto Bell) (2016)

Filmografija in nagrade

Nagrade

Reference

Bibliografija

Nadaljnje branje

 David Lynch: The Art of the Real , spletna stran z vsemi predavanji v tekstovni obliki z berlinske konference o Lynchevem ustvarjanju (2012).
 David Lynch: The Unified Field; Robert Cozzolino z Aletheo Rockwell (Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia and the University of California Press, 2014 ).
 David Lynch: Interviews, zbirka intervjujev z Lynchem od leta 1977 do 2008 (University Press of Mississippi, 2009,  [paperback],  [hardback]). Ta del pokriva teme Lynchevega filmskega ustvarjanja, snovanja pohištva, slikanja in glasbenega ustvarajnja.
 The Passion of David Lynch: Wild at Heart in Hollywood; Martha Nochimson (University of Texas Press, 1997, ).
 The Complete Lynch; David Hughes (Virgin Virgin, 2002, ).
 Weirdsville U.S.A.: The Obsessive Universe of David Lynch; Paul A. Woods (Plexus Publishing. UK, Reprint edition, 2000, ).
 David Lynch; Kenneth C. Kaleta (Twayne Publishers, 1992, ).
 Pervert in the Pulpit: Morality in the Works of David Lynch; Jeff Johnson (McFarland & Company, 2004, ).
 Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity; David Lynch (Jeremy P. Tarcher, 2006,  / 978–1585425402).
 Snowmen; David Lynch (Foundation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris, 2008) ).
 David Lynch: Beautiful Dark; Greg Olson (Scarecrow Press, 2008) ).
 The Film Paintings of David Lynch: Challenging Film Theory; Allister Mactaggart (Intellect, 2010) ).
 Interpretazione tra mondi. Il pensiero figurale di David Lynch; Pierluigi Basso Fossali (Edizioni ETS, Pisa, 2008) , 9788846716712).
 David Lynch ed.; Paolo Bertetto (Marsilio, Venezia, 2008) , 9788831793933).
 David Lynch – Un cinéma du maléfique; Enrique Seknadje, Editions Camion Noir, 2010. .
 David Lynch in Theory, zbirka esejev Francoisa-Xavierja Gleyzona (Charles University Press, 2010) .
 David Lynch, 2nd Edition; Michel Chion (bfi Publishing, 2006, ).

Zunanje povezave

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David Lynch (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
 David Lynch Foundation : Education : Transcendental Meditation
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 Bibliografija knjig in člankov o Davidu Lynchu (UC Berkeley Media Resources Center)

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Most People Can't Afford Legal Help. 1 Reformer Wants To Change That
By Greg Rosalsky • Sep 29, 2020
Editor's note: This is an excerpt of Planet Money's newsletter. You can sign up here.
In less than a week, law school graduates across America will be taking the bar exam. Bar officials have spent months scrambling to figure out how to administer the mass test during the coronavirus pandemic. In 18 states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands, they decided to hold the bar remotely. It's the first time they've done something like this, and so far it has been kind of a disaster. But it also offers an opportunity to reconsider how we regulate the practice of law in America.
First, on the bar exam fiasco: To prevent people from cheating, bar officials have been experimenting with new artificial intelligence software that uses people's computer cameras to record them while they take the test at home. Mock tests have had all sorts of technical difficulties — from system crashes to concerns about privacy to potential cheating loopholes to allegations that the AI software's facial recognition technology is racist. The State Bar of California even hired a crisis PR firm to help manage the growing uproar. But bar officials are trudging forward anyways. Test-takers are calling the impending exam dates "Barmageddon."
The pandemic prompted several states to give up on the bar exam altogether. Utah, Oregon, Washington and Louisiana decided to let grads from accredited law schools practice without passing the bar, at least for now.
The National Conference of Bar Examiners, which helps states administer the bar, argues that the bar remains important in protecting the public. "Every high-stakes profession, including engineering, medicine, aviation, and others, relies on licensure to ensure that practitioners meet minimum standards of fundamental competency, and the practice of law is no exception," the organization said in a statement.
But Gillian Hadfield, a law professor and economist at the University of Toronto, argues there's no evidence that the bar actually protects the public. She thinks not only it is time we reevaluate use of the bar exam — it's time to completely revamp how we regulate the practice of law in the United States.
The bar exam, she says, is one part of a broader system that raises the cost of legal services and contributes to an "access to justice crisis" in the United States. "My estimate is well over 80% of Americans who need legal help can't get it because it's too expensive," Hadfield says. "And the main reason for that is a crazy regulatory system. The bar exam is part of that."
Hadfield says the dysfunctional regulatory system also includes arcane legal ownership rules that make it much harder for new kinds of companies to offer low-cost legal help. Various online businesses aimed at providing personal legal services — like LegalZoom, Avvo and Rocket Lawyer — have sprouted up in recent years. But state bar organizations have been trying to use regulations to stifle them.
It's kinda like cafe baristas getting control of the coffee market by using the regulatory system to prevent restaurants, Keurig machines and gas stations from providing you coffee. They're like, "It's for your safety! You could get burned or poisoned! The coffee will be worse!" Meanwhile, a cup of coffee costs $20.
To be fair to lawyers, their work is more complicated and has higher stakes than making coffee. But that doesn't mean we need everyone who provides any kind of legal service to do four years of college, complete three years of law school and pass a licensing exam.
Hadfield points to the United Kingdom, which has long allowed people to provide legal advice or draft legal documents without having a law degree or passing a bar exam. According to a 2011 study, wills written by unlicensed professionals had equal customer satisfaction and near-equal quality and were much cheaper than wills written by licensed solicitors (the British term for a legal professional who provides advice and support to clients).
Hadfield advocates regulatory reforms that would make America look more like the U.K., opening up the legal market and allowing nonlawyers and non-lawyer-owned businesses to begin competing in the legal market. She wants states to modernize their regulations, allowing state regulators to license and oversee these new legal businesses.
At least two states are listening. In Utah, where Hadfield has advised policymakers, the state supreme court approved sweeping reforms that will allow nonlawyers like accountants, software developers and social workers to own or co-own businesses that provide legal services under the oversight of a new regulator created for this purpose. Arizona is on its way as well.
With Barmageddon fast approaching, law school graduates may soon face something even scarier than a dysfunctional remote test: a future in which they have to compete with other professionals in providing legal help.
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Head for Roubaix (a quick Metro-ride from Lille) if you are looking for bargains in fashions from factory outlet shops - it has the two largest centres in the region.
You never know what bargains await you in Nord - Pas de Calais. The glass factory at Arques is the region's largest employer - so it's not surprising it's also a good place to go for bargains in glassware.
Cross-channel ferries are no longer allowed to sell goods in mid-Channel "duty-free" (without any taxes in the price) which used to give shoppers big savings - and the ferry companies big profits - until that concession was abolished.
The French and UK governments raise their revenue in different ways, giving popular opportunities for cross-border travel just to save taxes - and for smuggling. French taxes on many goods are lower than those in the UK, which has correspondingly lower Income Tax, social security contributions and company taxes. So British shoppers can save by a short trip to buy their usual brands of tobacco, wine, spirits, beer and other goods at prices which only include the lower French tax.
You can do this on the ferries - both P&O Stena and SeaFrance ferries have well-stocked shops on board, which sell at French prices once they have crossed the half-way line in mid-Channel! ...and also at the Channel Tunnel terminals. There are several big hypermarkets in Calais which are geared up to sell what UK buyers are looking for.
Calais has some really good shops, and lace is the local speciality.
Don't miss the weekly markets! - see our calendar of market days in each of the main towns.
It is worth heading inland to Boulogne, Saint-Omer or Lille to sample a wider range of what the French like to buy - if you are after something different, rather than tax savings.
We would like these pages include some brilliant "finds" reported by our "reviewers", so why not send us YOUR suggestions of "Bargains to look out for"?
Weblink: www.day-tripper.net - the site for day-trippers to CALAIS full of information and links for cross-Channel bargain-hunters on a quick trip. For a modest fee, you can join a members' club for access to regularly updated price comparison surveys of the best bargains around the port and crossing the channel.
Buy these great shopping guides at up to 20% off!


9/09/2010�� DIY Grow Alfalfa Sprouts at Home easy Growing Sprouts (and disinfecting 11:38. How to Grow Sprouts from Seed in a Mason Jar Indoors and Time Lapse! - �... How To Grow Alfalfa Sprouts At Home: I used this half a gallon Ball jar , rubber band and a nylon ankle sock. If you don�t have such a sock and there is a mall close by, go try some shoes at Macy�s.
How To Grow Alfalfa Sprouts At Home: I used this half a gallon Ball jar , rubber band and a nylon ankle sock. If you don�t have such a sock and there is a mall close by, go try some shoes at Macy�s.


text:
IR35 coming to the private sector in 2020
Due to changes introduced in the Autumn Budget, from autumn 2020, off-payroll working rules which have only been applicable to the public sector will be also implemented in the private sector as well. What this means, is that the end client (hiring manager) of a worker will now be in the position
By far and away the biggest announcement impacting the UK's flexible workforce in today's Budget is the Government's decision to roll out changes to IR35 in the private sector in April 2020 but only where services are provided to a medium or large business (definition yet to be
How the industry can salvage the aftermath of the Post- Brexit Talent Crisis
/ 23 August /
Twelve months have passed since the UK took the bold step to cease being a member of the EU. Also, the EU has around nine months to rally the final terms of their exit. However, recruiters are eagerly awaiting the final conditions of the Brexit deal to be finalised before they find out just how
Mirroring England's Young World Cup Team in Engineering
/ 19 July /
Alas, the cup didn't come home. However, it's wasn't all doom and gloom as 4th placed England at the just concluded FIFA World Cup in Russia, were not initially expected to perform wonders. However, in the course of the tournament, the belief grew, and hopes were raised. Gareth
How to dissect a job description (an easy way to start to prepare yourself)
/ 10 April /
Most people spend around 49.27 to 76.7 seconds going through a job description as revealed by a job posting site known as TheLadders. A majority of the job openings will usually be divided into various parts; a general review of the company, a key responsibility section, years of experience and


For those creative minds who like coziness and living in luxury. Have the best of your holiday with your family enjoying the modern life. These eye-catching homes create the perfect environment to invoke creativity and innovation. Prepare yourself to get minimalist without giving the comforts of home.


text:
Q: datetimeformatter joda parse multiple utc formats with optional millis I am trying to parse multiple possible UTC timeformats using joda with the following:
        DateTimeFormatter formatter;
        DateTimeFormatterBuilder builder = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder();
        builder.append(DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyyMMdd-HH:mm:ss.sss"));
        builder.append(DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyyMMdd-HH:mm:ss"));
        formatter = builder.toFormatter();
        formatter.withZone(DateTimeZone.UTC);
        System.out.println(formatter.parseDateTime("20130122-12:01:59"));

I am getting the following exception:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid format: "20130122-12:01:59" is too short
    at org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.parseDateTime(DateTimeFormatter.java:873)
    at com.cme.clearing.financials.gateway.internal.config.Sample.main(Sample.java:16)

Is there any way to ask joda to parse optional millis in UTC.

A: Yes there is:
// Milliseconds parser
final DateTimeParser msParser = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
    .appendLiteral('.').appendDecimal(millisOfSecond(), 1, 3)
    .toParser();

DateTimeFormatterBuilder builder = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder();

builder = builder.appendFixedDecimal(year(), 4)
    .appendFixedDecimal(monthOfYear(), 2)
    .appendFixedDecimal(dayOfMonth(), 2)
    .appendLiteral('-')
    .appendFixedDecimal(hourOfDay(), 2)
    .appendLiteral(':')
    .appendFixedDecimal(minuteOfHour(), 2)
    .appendLiteral(':')
    .appendFixedDecimal(secondOfMinute(), 2)
    .appendOptional(msParser); // <-- HERE: optional milliseconds
// builder.build().withTimeZone(DateTimeZone.UTC) will return the formatter

Of course, adapt to your code, but that should be pretty easy.
Edit: adapted to OP's demand

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Update query wrong in MySQL I'm hope I doing everything in the right path. I wrote a shell script, if the condition matched, it will run update query.
#!/bin/bash
mysql -u root -pPassword <<rc
use rc;
SELECT *,
       CASE
         WHEN cutoff_dt IS NULL
       THEN
         UPDATE rc SET cutoff_dt = '2017-03-21 00:00:00.0'
         ELSE 'NOT NULL'
      END
from rc
WHERE business_date = '2017-03-21 16:50:29.032';
rc

Unfortunately, I get error
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 2: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'UPDATE rc SET cutoff_dt = '2017-03-21 00:00:00.0'
         ELSE ' at line 5

Latest code
The answer given doesn't helped ! Maybe I'm doing wrong ?
#!/bin/bash
mysql -u root -pPassword <<rc
use rc;
SELECT *,
       CASE
         WHEN cutoff_dt IS NULL
       THEN
        UPDATE mepslog
        SET cutoff_dt = '2017-03-21 23:57:19'
  WHERE business_date = '2017-03-21 00:00:00.000'
    AND cutoff_dt IS NULL
      END
from rc
WHERE business_date = '2017-03-21 00:00:00.000';
rc

A: You cant mix such queries. Instead you would extend the query's where-clause.
A working update would look like as following:
UPDATE rc
  SET cutoff_dt = '2017-03-21 00:00:00.0'
  WHERE business_date = '2017-03-21 16:50:29.032'
    AND cutoff_dt IS NULL


text:
Title: Data from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies: Its Potential Use in Analyzing the Educational and Labor Force Outcomes of Disadvantaged Youth
1. Butler, Richard J.
Ehrenberg, Ronald G.
Data from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies: Its Potential Use in Analyzing the Educational and Labor Force Outcomes of Disadvantaged Youth
Final Report, Assistant Secretary for Policy, Evaluation, and Research, U.S. Department of Labor, 1980
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Assets; Employment; Family Background; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Longitudinal Surveys; Research Methodology
The report summarizes the potential usefulness of a rather unique data base collected by the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) based at Cornell University in analyzing labor market outcomes of young people. This data base compares favorably to the National Longitudinal Surveys data in terms of breadth of information on current labor market status, family background, and health and attitudinal (both with respect to school and work) measures. It lacks, however, detailed information on family assets, labor market histories, and crucially, on participation in government-sponsored programs after the onset of formal schooling. Its singular contribution results from its being a longitudinal study of disadvantaged youth, many of whom were enrolled in pre-school intervention programs that began before their formal schooling performance was recorded. Unfortunately, the independent beginnings of the CLS data bases' component projects lead to what is undoubtedly its chief defect--the lack of a cohesive sampling design.
Butler, Richard J. and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. "Data from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies: Its Potential Use in Analyzing the Educational and Labor Force Outcomes of Disadvantaged Youth." Final Report, Assistant Secretary for Policy, Evaluation, and Research, U.S. Department of Labor, 1980.


This year some Russian Airline Companies launched charter flights without meals on board. Thus, tourists flying to Cyprus by VIM-avia will try the innovation of the Airline.
The new system was introduced upon the initiative of charteres with the intention to optimize the cost of a seat to the maximum. Alexander Tugolukov, General Director of Biblio-Globus Travel Company, confirmed this information. According to him, the charter service cost has recently increased by 40%. 'Not providing meals on board allows to economize 15$ per seat. Moreover, it is also of current concern given the increase in fuel prices when Russian tour operators are looking for alternatives in order to reduce expenses', explained Tugolukov.
Furthermore, Marina Barinova, General Director Deputy of Super Nova Travel Company also emphasized that the initiative allowed to set more competitive prices.
According to tour operators, passengers on flights without meals on board took the initiative with understanding, however 'there is information that first flights without meals were marked with several problems. Most probably, passengers did not know about the lack of the habitual service. The web site of Biblio Globus Travel Company has explanation about NN flights suggesting only drinks provided on board', said Tugolukov.
Other travel companies are watching the development of events with interest. Thus, Tatiana Vand, General Director of Vand International Tour, commented as follows: 'the initiative suggests active explanatory campaign for passengers. However, the launch of flights without meals is logical at the moment – in the situation of constant fighting for cheaper flights. Taking away the service does not mean dumping prices. Such flights might become popular if tourists prefer to economize on meals. Nevertheless, at present it is early to make forecasts – the outcome is to be seen'. Tatiana Chuvilkina, General Director Deputy of Natalie Tours, also pointed out that the most important is to provide information to tourist in advance and offer a choice.
'In Europe flights without meals are quite common, meanwhile in Russia this practice is not popular at the moment. On the other hand, such flights might become attractive for inexpensive destinations', said Revaz Mgeladze, General Director Deputy of Zeus Travel.


Hello, I am a small business specializing in entertainment and event services. I have malware redirects on my website and...entertainment and event services. I have malware redirects on my website and security issues that keep causing them. I need you to fix the malware redirects and set something up so it does not happen again. Thank you in advance!
Creation of API endpoint documentation and MongoDB collection list, JSON schema and list of model validations used and readme for [kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n], [kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n], [kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n], and other npm dependencies.


text:
Britt Berglund er dansk radiovært og speaker. Hun er vært på P4-landsprogrammet "Diva og Dario" på P4 sammen med Dennis Johannesson.

Har været på flere lokalradioer i 90'erne, continutityspeaker på TV3, DR2 og DR1.

Radioværter fra Danmark


This section described some common datatypes the API operates with.
jsonp - this is a JSON-variation which allows you to bypass "same origin policy" with old web browsers; For newer browsers, it is much better to use CORS along with json output format!
We also support two deprecated formats: xmlmap, and xmlitems. Use of these is discouraged, due to inconsistencies present in their implementations (booleans are returned as integers).
There are two types of identifiers in use - integers and strings - but the latter one if strongly preferred. In other words, even when internally we store the objects with integer IDs, we will try to always return the string version of their identifiers. This will help developers to avoid errors, e.g. when searching for an ID inside a JSON dictionary.
You may assume, that all string IDs will be no longer than 32 unicode characters.
Many methods expect pipe-separated lists of IDs in their parameters. You may assume, that no ID will ever contain a pipe ("|") symbol.
Each string parameter must be encoded in UTF-8. You may assume that each string contained in a response is encoded in UTF-8 as well.
Most of the methods which return complex objects take the additional fields parameter, that can be used to specify which properties of an object you're interested in. The value of the fields parameter is called a field selector. The most common form of a selector is a pipe-separated list of field names.
Some of the properties of one object may be represented as other objects, nested into the first one. Such structures are often multiple levels deep. Some methods allow you to use the fields parameter to specify a detailed "map" of such deeply-structured properties. Such selectors are called subfield selectors.
Example: id|name|users[id|email|student_programmes[id]]. In this case, you will get users' programme IDs and email addresses instead of the default first and last names.
Not all of the methods recognize subfield selectors in their fields parameters. Some older methods support only the simple selectors.
Some of the methods may recognize subfield selectors in regard to one field and completely ignore them in regard to some other field.
Since it is backward-compatible, support for subfield selectors may be added to existing methods and fields without prior notice. To keep your code 100% safe, you should not use subfield selectors in places which currently seem to ignore them.
Most of the data is available in two languages - Polish and English. We use LangDict objects to express data that comes in many languages. LangDict object is simply a dictionary of two keys (pl and en) and their values (strings, might be empty).
submit each object member as a separate argument with language suffix (*_pl or *_en).
In most cases you don't have to provide both pl and en keys. Unless otherwise specified, methods that create objects interpret missing key as an empty string and methods that update objects don't modify previous value.
There is no native representation of date and time in JSON. We use our own datatypes for input and output of dates.
datetime string - combination of date and time strings, separated with space ("yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss").
We always use local time. If your application cares about time zones or daylight saving, you will have to deal with the conversions on your own.
only PLAINTEXT signature method is supported; you MUST use SSL in order to keep your consumer secret safe.
Many methods return multiple objects, explicitly referenced by multiple keys you provide.
Usually, invalid references will be treated as an error. For example, when you ask for course descriptions of 30 different courses, and one of these courses does not exist, you will get the HTTP 400 error. Partial responses allow you to retrieve 29 of 30 referenced courses.
unexistent_keys - a list of keys, which couldn't be found and will not be included in the response.


text:
Raytheon Technologies
UTC Businesses
Raytheon Intelligence & Space
Raytheon Missiles & Defense
Who We Are About Us Leadership
What We Do Overview Advanced Tech Air Dominance Command and Control Communications and Navigation Cybersecurity Decision Superiority Modernization, Training & Mission Support Space Solutions Products & Services
News All News News Feature Archive Press Release Archive News Advisory Archive
AJ Jones
Vice President of Digital Technology
Anthony "AJ" Jones is vice president of Digital Technology and Chief Information Officer for Raytheon Intelligence & Space, a business of Raytheon Technologies. Jones drives growth and competitive advantage by delivering digital solutions and exploiting opportunities to drive business value through the use of technology. He is also responsible for ensuring the government's cyber requirements are being met within Raytheon Intelligence & Space.
Prior to the company's merger with United Technologies Corporation in 2020, Jones served as senior director of IT Infrastructure Services at Raytheon Company's Global Business Services, where he oversaw the global unified ORION network and voice, along with data center operations. He spent a two-year rotation in Raytheon Company's Intelligence, Information and Services business in a dual role leading IT Program Execution and as the Intelligence, Information and Services Engineering IT business partner lead.
Prior to joining Intelligence, Information and Services, Jones spent 10 years within Global Business Services IT Security, where he managed numerous enterprise services deployed across the globe. He was responsible for leading an elite team of cyber security professionals protecting Raytheon's information systems and networks from internal and external threats. Before he started at Raytheon in 2000, Jones held various systems administration, service management and engineering roles with large enterprise companies such as PepsiCo Food Systems, Thorn Americas and Koch Industries. He was a founding member of WEBCentric, where he helped develop and deploy one of the first large-scale internet shopping search engines.
Jones served three years on the board of directors of Transglobal Secure Collaboration Program, a nonprofit co-founded by cleared defense contractors to improve the interoperability and information exchange within the aerospace and defense industry across the globe. He earned a bachelor's degree in computer science, an MBA from Wichita State University and several IT security certifications.
Who We Are What We Do News Careers
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Raytheon Technologies is proud to be an equal opportunity employer, MF/D/V.


text:
Several organisations and government acts designate species of special concern.  Among them are:

 California species of special concern
 The Canadian Species at Risk Act

See also
Species of concern