It was just after starting my first business at 18 when I started to understand that the wealthy operated in a whole different world from the world I grew up in and had been "educated" in. When I came to that realization in the beginning of my self-education journey, I knew it was the world I wanted to live in, it was the reality I wanted to live each and every day.
…So what opportunity would cause someone like Hans Schoff to literally pickup and move away from the great California weather, climate and scenery some 2500 miles east to a hot and humid Alabama where we knew no one and had only visited but twice before?
Call me an opportunist, call me a dreamer, call me what you like, but when you believe in something strongly enough – when the facts speak so loudly – and you're committed to achieving your goals and going after your dreams – you'll do whatever it takes, you'll put your money where your mouth is, so-to-speak.
Did leaving California seem crazy at the time?
From an emotional point of view, from a comfort point of view, from my friends and family's points of view: yes.
It was evident at the time (in early 2007) from all our market research and analysis of the California market cycle and conditions and other factors that California would continue to move toward economic obsolescence, that the good times there would soon come to an abrupt end because the fundamentals for doing business and investing in California no longer made sense, in fact they just continued to get worse.
We had maximized the potential for the opportunities we saw around us and being young and ambitious, hungry for more, we wanted to position ourselves to be able to take maximum advantage of the incredible opportunities the coming economic landslide would create.
It became clear that relocating to Huntsville, AL to get in front of the growing demographic, employment, business and other economic trends was the best way to continue along our creating wealth journey to grow our businesses, accumulate more assets and find or create additional investment opportunities (plus I had to live in a city that pronounced in German is Hans-ville, right? :). Lol.
Ever since I had my first taste of independence, I've always resisted going with the flow, which has caused lots of conflict over the years, whether it be with the school system, family, a JOB or a way of life but I just like to be different. It was about a dozen years ago in my first year of college at SDSU that I discovered a different path for myself, one that would eventually take me towards my life-long dreams and goals.
Starting my first business that year at the age of 18 was the best education I ever received.
It put me through the University of Hard Knocks (where I learned more than I ever did in college), having to learn the lessons necessary for success from the ground up -sometimes the most painful but best way to really learn, a philosophy I still follow today when it comes to really mastering something; reading and studying is one thing, but doing and taking action is quite another.
That first business forced me to develop the business & life skills necessary for success and survival, aiding in the expansion of my business throughout California and then on to Europe where I, too, expanded my horizons.
I spent several years in Europe as I built up and tested different business approaches and marketing strategies while increasing my education & skill sets in preparation for bigger & better things.
When I returned to the US, I felt the timing was right to leverage our business experience and skills to jump into Real Estate & Finance not just with both feet but all my appendages! I bought our first apartment complex in Lake Tahoe, California, starting again from the ground up. As the full-time handyman/bookkeeper/property manager/real estate agent/loan officer/asset manager/investor, I ate, drank, slept and breathed real estate.
Again, an invaluable experience which has now today resulted in a multitude of businesses and companies including residential & commercial real estate investment, development, construction & management to name a few, while I also now mentor & consult various real estate groups and students all the while continuing to grow my assets.
Then, with all the financial and real estate market turmoil and turbulence in 2007-2008, I began to see an unmistakable trend going mainstream. Whether for cost cutting, efficiency, better profits, better technology or for more exposure to a bigger market, business was going online. Many businesses had already begun integrating internet technology and some online marketing into their business plans of course, but technology was finally advancing to the point where even small business owners could seriously compete and make money in the online world, marketing almost anything.
I had some prior experience building websites and marketing online in the early days of 2000 but the internet had since come quite a long way, now with this "web 2.0" technology, for instance. So I got to work learning how to market online, seeing the huge new opportunity "online marketing" could present in the future and setup my first blog. Then after many, many weeks of trial and error, I had my blog and a few other sites set up, I was article marketing, advertising, creating leads and generating sales. I then took my internet marketing skills and knowledge into the offline world to see how I could impact the sales for a more traditional business (tornado shelters) and within 6 months was able to create over 6 figures worth of sales from this website I created.
But the best part of it all though is being able to share my wisdom of acquired knowledge & experiences with others – hence this page, my blog and other internet resources… Having earned my education through self-application, home study, hard work and lots of trial and error, I have a passion for helping others find their own way, whether that be through investing, starting your own business, creating home based income, marketing online, or something else.
I also like to give back through local cash flow, investing & training events like the buying tours we do, where we take students by the hand into an absorbing/expanding market to show them how to successfully invest for positive cash flow, for example. I also take take on new business partners on occasion, showing someone the ropes of what it takes to build a successful business from home utilizing the internet as well as more traditional business building methods.
As I continue to grow my businesses and investments, I plan to expand back into Europe and beyond in the future taking advantage of the foundation we laid out there some years ago when the time is right.
In the free time I do have I love to travel; Destin, Florida as you'll see from my many photos is a new hot spot I love to drive to (as well as the mountains for Colorado and Lake Tahoe whenever possible).
This also fulfills another joy of mine, which is listening to mp3s & podcasts while driving as I love to learn new skills and techniques to help me grow and improve in all areas of my life. My boy Claude (black lab) also keeps me very entertained!
Did you find any part of my story or background interesting, inspirational, boring, educational? I'd love to hear your thoughts, opinions and comments – just post them below! Feel free to peruse my blog and search for any articles or content that can help you in achieving your goals and dreams.
PS> If you'd like to contact me, just fill out the form here. Thanks!
Crusing in Destin Bay, Florida – I love the ocean!


text:
April 14, 2015 - Comedy, Hollywood, News
"I like to make people laugh," Says TV Talk Show Host Loni Love
By tosan
She's smart, friendly, slightly self-deprecating, and has earned a reputation as the hilarious host to watch on Fox's daytime show "The Real." A talk show where she shares her perspectives on topics ranging from the day's news to relationships, along with four other women, Loni, who's long charmed audiences in comedies "Soul Plane" and the sitcom "Girlfriends," is combining comedy and action as the sassy security guard in "Mall Cop 2."
"She's called Donna Ericone and she's a feisty mall cop who works for Mall of America in Vegas. She's the only mall cop that can actually fight and that was put into the script on purpose to give her some character. It was a challenge to play," says Loni. It's certainly an overdue opportunity for the Detroit native who packed in an electrical engineering job to purse an entertainment career in 2003. "I was a bad engineer and did that to please my mom as she always stressed to get an education and get a good job," admits Loni. "But there is so much more that I wanted to do in my life than just sitting at a desk. Standup allows you to express yourself, so I did my engineering job during the day and did standup comedy at night."
Loni Love at the World Premiere of Columbia Pictures' PAUL BLART: MALL COP 2 at AMC Loews Lincoln Square.
With stints at various comedy clubs, her comedic flair and vivacious personality earned her a role in the major motion picture "Soul Plane" alongside Tom Arnold, D.L. Hughley, and Snoop Dog. With smaller roles in the television sitcom "Girlfriends," Loni continued to hone her acting craft appearing in theater productions; "12 Angry Women," "Devil's Journey," and in the "Bad Ass" film franchise alongside Danny Trejo and Danny Glover.
"Entertainment is a whole different spectrum and that's why I started getting into it. There is so much trouble in the world that you want people to escape for a minute and entertainment does that. That's what keeps me going," adds the comedian who is also a recurring panelist on "Chelsea Lately" and a regular Guest DJ on "The Ellen Show."
In "Mall Cop 2," the likeable hero Kevin James is back in the amiable sequel as an over-zealous, overweight security guard whose mission is to 'observe and report.' It's been six years since he gained fame for his daring rescue of the West Orange Pavilion Mall and he's being recognized for his heroic efforts with an all-expenses-paid trip to a security convention in Las Vegas. When he discovers a criminal threat to the hotel, America's favorite security guard and his cohorts spring into action. Filmed at the world-famous Wynn Hotel in Las Vegas, returning to join Kevin James in this sequel are Raini Rodriguez, who plays his daughter, Maya, and Shirley Knight, who plays his mother.
"We had a great time making this movie. Kevin allowed us to improvise," continues Loni. "We did the script as written and then he allowed us to add to it and that's what kept doing take after take interesting and fresh. He hired a lot of standup comedians he has worked with so I knew a lot of people there and we had a great time. Plus being in Vegas for two months is not bad at all."
Paul Blart (Kevin James) with Gino Chizetti (Vic DiBitetto), Khan Mubi (Shelly Desai), Donna Ericone (Loni Love) and Saul Gundermutt (Gary Valentine)
A non-offensive, lighthearted comedy about the perils of mall security, "Mall Cop 2" offers ample action for a comedic flick. There are plenty of chases, a variety of cool gadgets and since it's a PG comedy, you can expect lots of falling down and running into things.
"It's a family film that has comedy and action and I'm glad Kevin made me a part of it as I always like to make people laugh. There are certain scenes where you will see Donna getting emotional and you will also see her squaring off with another woman. It's a film that will keep everybody's attention." "Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2" releases in U.S. theaters this Friday.
Samantha Ofole-Prince serves as the Senior Entertainment Editor for Trendy Africa. She covers industry-specific news that includes television and film.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Walking through this pleasant estate, we saw a litter bin in the arrowed area, which people obviously use. The bin has been emptied, but it appears that the neatly tied sacks of rubbish have been secured behind the bin, rather than being collected. Has this bin been forgotten, or missed? The foxes or cats might discover the bags and enjoy emptying them! Thanks for collecting them before this happens! J.E.H.


text:
Home » Arts
presenting spamilton
Hamilton spoof incites a kooky comedic revolution at the Hobby Center
art in the haus
Cutting-edge Houston street artists make their mark at EaDo exhibit
hottest summer shows
13 best stage shows for a hot summer theater experience in Houston
The Alley cries "En Garde" for the Three Musketeers in June. Photo by Lynn Lane
Genie grants our wishes for great shows as Broadway at the Hobby Center's brings Disney's Aladdin to town. Photo by Matthew Murphy
The cat is back for the TUTS at Miller Outdoor Theatre production of Seussical. Photo courtesy of Theatre Under The Stars
Immersive theater gets literal with this intimate performance in a bathroom, in the critically acclaimed Broken Bone Bathtub. Photo by Zack DeZon
James Black is back as Hercule Poirot in Murder on the Orient Express at the Alley. Photo by Allyson Huntsman
Celebrate love in August with the 20th anniversary tour of Rent. Photo by Carol Rosegg
Houston theater never takes a vacation, so with three months of hot and humid days ahead, why not light up the nights with the coolest of comedies, musicals, drama, and a few experimental, cutting-edge shows.
In fact there's so much live theater debuting June through August, it's almost as if an arts genie appeared to grant us our every show wish. Oh wait, he has.
So with that in mind, we've rounded up 13 must-see shows to check out our summer.
The Three Musketeers at The Alley Theatre (now through June 30)
All for one (action packed theatrical summer) and one for all (of the family) as the Alley assembles a swashbuckling cast in lots of silly hats for Alexandre Dumas' crowd pleaser. But sword wielding isn't just for the boys, and in this Ken Ludwig adaptation, young hero d'Artagnan brings along his sister Sabine, who's just as ready for some high-jumping dueling of her own.
Josephine Tonight at Ensemble Theatre (June 22-July 28)
The legendary Josephine Baker gets her own and much deserved musical bio in this show by Sherman Yellen with music by Wally Harper. With a focus on Baker's early life and relationship with her mother, the production will likely reveal hidden facets for those who are familiar with the music icon, while introducing the actress/singer to a new generation of soon to be fans.
Disney's Aladdin at the Hobby Center (June 26-July 14)
Sure you can see it at the cineplex, but wouldn't you rather meet Aladdin, Jasmine, and especially everyone's favorite wise cracking Genie live on stage? Broadway at the Hobby Center brings the musical blockbuster to town as to show Houston "A Whole New World" of fun.
West Side Story at A.D Players (June 28-July 28)
Last year was the 100th birthday of two artistic geniuses, composer Leonard Bernstein and director/choreographer Jerome Robbins. A.D. Players keeps the celebration going as they present one of the greatest works of both men, the Romeo and Juliet-inspired West Side Story. Get ready to rumble as the Sharks and Jets dance/fight while love blooms between star-crossed lovers Tony and Maria.
Broken Bone Bathtub presented by Dinolion, June 27-July 7
One of Houston's primary creators of new immersive theater projects, Dinolion, is getting into the presenting (show) biz, as they bring in this internationally acclaimed theatrical work. The one-woman show will play in a real bathroom at a Houston home. After a serious bike accident, a young woman is forced to ask friends for help in everyday activities. The audience of only about 12 play the friends role but in such close bath quarters will likely become real life friends pretty quickly. Dinolion will divulge the location of bathroom/theater space with ticket purchase.
Speeding Motorcycle from Catastrophic Theatre at the MATCH (June 28-Aug 4)
Houston's own theatrical dynamo Tamarie Cooper takes a break from creating her annual musical review this summer, but she'll still be hard at work directing this rock opera that originally won national exposure for writer and Catastrophic co-founder Jason Nodler. Based on the music of influential Texas songwriter Daniel Johnston, Motorcycle tells the story of Joe the Boxer, who loses his mind when his true love marries an undertaker. With cameos from characters of Johnston's mythology, including Jeremiah the Frog, Captain America, and Casper the Friendly Ghost, we expect nothing less than brilliant madness from this Cat offering.
The Doyle and Debbie Show at Stages Theatre (July 12-September 8)
Stages 2019-2020 season officially begins this summer with a musical comedy that sounds a bit like A Star Is Born meets a Christopher Guest film. When a several-times divorced, fading country music star needs a new partner he picks a talented unknown, his third Debbie, but will she soon eclipse him? With songs like "When You're Screwin' Other Women (Think of Me)" and "Barefoot and Pregnant," the show looks to play fond parody tribute to classic country western duos.
Private Lives at Main Street Theater (July 14-Aug 11)
If you're in the mood for some high sparkling comedy, well no one did it better than Sir Noël Coward. A volatile divorced couple end up in adjacent rooms at the same hotel while each is on their honeymoon with a new spouse. What could go wrong as old and new love create three acts of sparks and the wittiest of repartee? For Main Street patrons wanting to immerse themselves in the high society hijinks, the company is hosting a special gala performance July 20th benefitting the theater.
Seussical from Theatre Under the Stars at Miller Outdoor Theatre (July 16-21)
A most famous cat in a stylish top hat tells quite a tale filled with elephants, green eggs, a judging turtle, and many fine citizens of Who-ville in this musical wonderland based on Dr. Seuss books. As part of a new TUTS initiative, as many as 100 community members from TUTS Public Works Houston join a cast of professional actors for the production. With students from the Humphreys School of Musical Theatre and The River Performing and Visual Arts Center also participating, Seussical will have the largest cast ever on stage in a TUTS production.
Woyzeck at Rec Room (July 17-August 3)
The 19th century German playwright Georg Büchner died before he could complete this unfinished masterpiece, so writers from all over the world have been playing with it ever since. This world premiere new version by Maurielle McGarvey takes this tale of love, jealousy, and murder, and puts it in suburban America in homes filled with adolescent anxiety. Rec Room is giving the production a "for mature audiences" warning, so we'll be there opening night.
Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express at The Alley (July 19-August 25)
Move over Christmas Carol. That other favorite seasonal theatrical tradition, Summer Chills, is back at the Alley, and they're bringing in OG detective Hercule Poirot, once again played by Houston acting treasure James Black. Get your ticket to ride the ultimate murder train, and if you already know whodunit in Christie's most famous tale, well it's all about the thrill of the killing journey.
Shakespeare Festival at Miller Outdoor Theatre (August 2-11)
It wouldn't be a theatrical summer without Shakespearean drama and comedy in Hermann Park. This year brings Julius Caesar, filled with political intrigue and in performance much better than what you remember from 10th grade English. For those looking for romance, head into the woods for As You Like It. The title says it all.
Rent at the Hobby Center (August 6-11)
Summer becomes the season of love as the 20th anniversary touring production of the Tony- and Pulitzer Prize-winning rock musical phenomenon dances into Houston, and the artists and outcasts of NY's East Village, struggling to pay the rent, remind us to measure life in love.
Bon Iver cancels Houston dance performances after sudden scandal
Houston's 10 must-see stage shows for January kick off a lively 2020


It's strange how I'm nervous even writing you this ask on the internet. Okay, hi, hello, hi.
I guess my question is, how do you get over the fears of going to therapy? When I was 12 I was diagnosed with a panic disorder and generalized anxiety without agoraphobia and in college I sought out the resources of our mental health center on campus which is where I was diagnosed with depression and was treated there.
My problem started with that mental health center. I went to "talk therapy" once every other week and was seeing a campus physician about as often as we worked on medicating my depression. However, the entire time, I felt like no one was listening to me. I felt judged in talk therapy and dismissed by the physician, which resulted in me not going back. At the time I didn't have an option of seeking outside help because I did not have insurance.
Recently I started my first post-grad "real" job which has afforded me the luxury of insurance and lately I can definitely tell that my anxiety is worse than it has been since high school. For the first time in my life,the thought of just going somewhere (the store, the movies, out with friends) makes me feel incredibly anxious. It's like I have an overwhelming sense that something terrible will happen if I go out. At work I sometimes just burst into these panic attacks that leave me sobbing and hyperventilating, which then makes me feel self-conscious just going to work (although I have yet to let this stop me because I really need this job).
I know that I need to get help, but the thought of seeing someone makes me feel anxious (but then again what doesn't? (lol). Before, the physician wouldn't listen to my issues that I had with the meds she prescribed. I told her they made me feel jittery and I constantly felt like my teeth were vibrating and she just told me "that's not a known side effect" and then UPPED MY DOSAGE which made it worse and when I brought these concerns up to my therapist, she told me that the doctor knew what she was doing and she had been working with her for years and I just had to trust her. Seeing a therapist made me feel worse rather than better, so I stopped seeing her, stopped taking the medication I was on – everything. That was about a year ago and I have managed well enough on my own until now. But I feel myself getting bad again and after my last experience, the thought of seeking out help again seems scary.
So, uhm, help? Advice for getting over this? Please, oh wise one, please help!
First of all, I'm so very sorry that your experience was so terrible. What a kick in the pants at such a vulnerable time in your life. I totally get why you would be hesitant to seek out more help when it wasn't very helpful last time.
Just like all professions, there are people who are better at their jobs than others. I've met psychiatrists and therapists I wouldn't send my worst enemy to and in the same setting (same clinic or university counseling center etc..) are some of the world's best therapists and psychiatrists. Between these two extremes of awesomeness and lameness is another factor which is incredibly important. Rapport. If you don't click with them and begin building trust relatively quickly, then maybe it's simply a personality thing. There are particular personality types you will jive well with and enjoy in therapy but there can be others that will not work well for you. So what is a girl to do?
Now that you have insurance (yay!) you can be pickier in a sense. First you must think of yourself as a consumer with rights and privileges. You are NOT at the mercy of the guy/gal in the white lab coat. You get to decide who works for you. They are your employee and need to prove their quality or it's time for you to find someone else. What makes this so difficult is that when we are depressed or anxious and vulnerable, we just want help and maybe only have the energy to seek out one person. I know it's tough and I'll give you some hints on how to make it a little easier. However, it's crucial to remember that the most important factor in effective therapy is a good working relationship between you and your therapist. They ARE NOT experts on you. They don't know how to help you until they know you well and deeply and if you don't like someone or get the right vibe from them, then you will hold back and protect yourself and they, in turn, can not do you as much good.
I hope you find someone great. Please don't stop until you do – it will be worth it in the long run.


Even when a congregation is below the threshold the IRS has established, determining that requires a fair amount of computation.
The school superintendent's prayer during a mandatory meeting sparked tensions in McKinney, Texas.
St. Gregory's University in Oklahoma will close in December. It's the latest small religious college to close in an increasingly competitive market.


text:
M3 oder M 3 steht für:

Wissenschaft:
 Messier 3 einen Kugelsternhaufen im Sternbild Jagdhunde

Gesellschaft:
 einen finanzpolitischen Begriff, siehe Geldmenge#Geldmengendefinitionen
 ein Album der Berliner Rockband Einstürzende Neubauten
 eine Gruppe von Milchprodukten nach dem deutschen Lebensmittelschlüssel, siehe Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel
 ein ungarischer Fernsehsender

Medizin:
 ein Segment der mittleren Gehirnschlagader, siehe Arteria cerebri media
 einen Typ einer akuten Leukämie, siehe FAB-Klassifikation
 einen Mahlzahn von Säugetieren, siehe Zahnformel
 beim Menschen der Weisheitszahn
 einen Typ der muskarinischen Acetylcholinrezeptoren; siehe Acetylcholinrezeptoren und Muskarinischer Acetylcholinrezeptor

Technik:
 M3 (Unternehmen), ein japanisches Dienstleistungs-Unternehmen
 ein metrisches ISO-Gewinde
 eine elektrische Schaltung, siehe Dreiphasengleichrichter
 Arm Cortex-M3, eine Architektur für Mikroprozessoren
 eine Messsucher-Kleinbildkamera der Firma Leica, siehe Leica M
 ein Zusatzmodul für verschiedene Nintendo-Spielkonsolen, siehe Movie Advance Player
 einen tragbaren Media-Player mit integrierter Festplatte, siehe iAudio
 eine europäische Klasse von Kraftfahrzeugen, siehe EG-Fahrzeugklasse#Klasse M (Personenbeförderung)
 eine Baureihe der Amsterdamer U-Bahn-Fahrzeuge, siehe Metro Amsterdam#Baureihen M1 bis M3
 BMW M3, einen deutschen Sportwagen
 Bisu M3, chinesischer Van
 JAC M3, chinesischer Van
 ein italienisches Kleinkraftrad, siehe Garelli
 ein deutsches eindeckiges Flugzeug, siehe Fokker E.I-IV
 ein US-amerikanisches Kleinflugzeug, siehe Loening Aeronautical Engineering
 eine japanische Trägerrakete, siehe Mu (Rakete)
 ein drittes Manual ("Einzeltonmanual") eines Akkordeons als Alternative zum Standardbassmanual.

Waffen und militärische Geräte:
 einen US-amerikanischen Karabiner, siehe M1 Carbine
 einen US-amerikanischen Schützenpanzer, siehe M2/M3 Bradley
 eine Variante eines US-amerikanischen Geschützes, siehe 90-mm-Gun M1
 M3 (Halbkettenfahrzeug), ein US-amerikanisches Halbkettenfahrzeug
 M3 Stuart, einen US-amerikanischen leichten Panzer
 M3 Lee/Grant, einen US-amerikanischen Kampfpanzer
 Panzerspähwagen M3, einen US-amerikanischen Panzerspähwagen
 M3 (Maschinenpistole), eine US-amerikanische Maschinenpistole
 HMS M3, ein britischer Unterseekreuzer
 eine Variante der deutschen Schlüsselmaschine Enigma, siehe Enigma-M4
 eine transportable Behelfsbrücke, siehe Bailey-Brücke
 Amphibisches Brücken- und Übersetzfahrzeug M3, ein Amphibienfahrzeug des Herstellers General Dynamics
 Benelli M3, eine italienische halbautomatische Flinte für den Militäreinsatz
 M3 Mine, US-amerikanische Antipersonenmine

Straßen:
 M3 (Armenien)
 M3 (Belarus)
 M3 motorway (Großbritannien)
 M3 motorway (Irland)
 M3 Avtopat (Nordmazedonien)
 Drum public național M3 (Moldau)
 M3 motorway (Nordirland)
 M3 (Russland)
 M 03 (Ukraine)
 Autópálya M3 (Ungarn)
 M3 (Aserbaidschan)
 M3 (Malawi)

Linie von Verkehrsbetrieben:
 Air Norway (IATA-Code), norwegische Fluggesellschaft
 eine Linie der Mailänder U-Bahn, siehe Metropolitana di Milano#Linien
 eine Linie der Budapester U-Bahn, siehe Metró Budapest#Linien und Betrieb
 eine Linie der Bukarester U-Bahn, siehe Metro Bukarest#Linien
 eine Linie der Istanbuler U-Bahn, siehe M3 (Metro Istanbul)
 die Ringlinie der Kopenhagener U-Bahn, siehe Cityringen

Sonstiges:
 M3 Radio Dili 88.8 FM, ein Radiosender in Osttimor
 Kreisstraße M 3

M-3 steht für:
 Grigorowitsch M-3, russisches Flugboot
 Orličan M-3, tschechoslowakisches Flugzeug
 PZL M-3, polnisches Segelflugzeug

m³ steht für:
 das Raummaß Kubikmeter

Abkürzung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: TranslationY animation doesn't play with TransitionManager I have an issue with animations. I have defined two simple layouts:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    android:id="@+id/root"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/player1"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="77dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="32dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:src="@drawable/two_hearts"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

looking like this:

and
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    android:id="@+id/root"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/player1"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="77dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="32dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:src="@drawable/two_hearts"
        android:translationY="-60dp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

with looks:

The difference between them is android:translationY="-60dp".
I switch between them in the GameFragment.kt:
class GameFragment: Fragment() {

    private lateinit var root: ConstraintLayout
    private var expanded = false

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
        root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_game_hidden, container, false) as ConstraintLayout
        root.setOnClickListener {
            show()
        }
        return root
    }

    private fun show() {
        if (expanded) {
            updateConstraints(R.layout.fragment_game_hidden)
        } else {
            updateConstraints(R.layout.fragment_game_shown)
        }
        expanded = !expanded
    }

    private fun updateConstraints(@LayoutRes id: Int) {
        val newConstraintSet = ConstraintSet()
        newConstraintSet.clone(context, id)
        val transition = ChangeBounds()
        transition.interpolator = AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator()
        transition.duration = 1000
        newConstraintSet.applyTo(root)
        TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(root, transition)
    }

}

My problem is, the animation is not played at all, the card on the layout just jumps to target location without any transition. Why? I feel like I'm missing something obvious here...

A: Remove android:translationY="-60dp" in : fragment_game_hidden.xml . Just use margin directly.
Try change to code below:
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    android:id="@+id/root"
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    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

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        android:id="@+id/player1"
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        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="parent"/>

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The best shower curtain hooks you can buy. These are the best shower curtain hooks you can buy for your bathroom and yes, there are different kinds!
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most popular Rust Proof Curtain Hooks ideas for 2018. Browse Rust Proof Curtain Hooks designs and decorating ideas. Discover inspiration for your Rust Proof Curtain Hooks remodel, including colors, storage, layouts and organization.


Grand prize winners of the 2018 Fischoff National Chamber Music Competition, the Callisto Quartet was formed in 2016 at the Cleveland Institute of Music and brings together four dedicated and passionate musicians who share a love for chamber music. Highlights of their achievements include recognition as a top prize winner at the 2018 Melbourne International Chamber Music Competition where they were also the only North American quartet selected to compete. Additionally, they were prizewinners at the 2018 Wigmore Hall International String Quartet Competition.


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text:
Ellicott City man has eaten pizza every day for the past 25 years
By By Julie Scharper and The Baltimore Sun
(Courtesy Dan Janssen (via Facebook))
Dan Janssen has eaten pizza for almost every meal for a quarter of a century.
Pizza for breakfast. Pizza for lunch. Pizza for dinner.
And almost always plain, cheese pizza.
"I do eat a bowl of Raisin Bran once a week or so if I want to be healthy," said Janssen, 38, of Ellicott City. "But usually it's just pizza and coffee."
Janssen said he ate a normal "meat and potatoes" diet when he was growing up, but decided to stop eating meat for ethical reasons when he was a young teenager.
And, since he didn't like vegetables, he started only eating pizza.
"Nothing to me tastes as good as pizza," he said. "Why should I eat a carrot when I can eat pizza?"
Janssen, who owns Imperium Woodcraft in Ellicott City, said he usually eats two 14-inch pizzas a day. In college, he worked at Domino's to ensure a steady supply.
He tries to vary his diet by eating different kinds of pizza. For example, if he has a Red Baron frozen pizza for breakfast, he'll have Joe Squared pizza for dinner.
And he makes some exceptions. At Bertucci's, for example, he orders pesto pizza because he doesn't like the tomato sauce there. Too chunky.
So what happens when he can't eat pizza? During a two-week trip to Germany, where the pizza was not up to snuff, Janssen subsisted on soft pretzels.
And what about dates? Fortunately, Janssen's reputation preceded him and his now-fiancee suggested they go for pizza on their first date.
She is actually the reason he decided to start varying his diet. Well, at least a little. He recently started seeing a nutritionist.
"I do see a day in the future when I get a little more adventurous," he said.
"I remember about four years ago I ate a peach and it was amazing," he said. "I just never think to do things like that."
Janssen was diagnosed with diabetes (it runs in his family) around the time he started his pizza diet, but other than that, he's in remarkable health.
"Whenever I go to a new doctor.... my bloodwork comes back great and they say, 'You're doing great,'" he said.
"I'm active. I ride my bike 30, 40 miles at a time. I feel great," said Janssen, whose story was first reported by Vice.
Latest Baltimore Insider
Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott welcomes furry new family member: Lord Grogu
Out with InfieldFest, in with Preakness Live. Here's what you need to know about this year's musical acts.
Baltimore lawyer Barry Glazer causes stir across the pond with purchase of Princess Diana's bicycle
"If I could say anything to the men of the world, it's you can do it," he said. "You can eat two 14-inch pizzas a day and be fine."


text:
Q: Blink upon incoming call android I am developing an android app, where I want make the home screen blink upon incoming call. I tried calling the below startblinking() method within a activity and the screen blinks fine.
But,
when I try to call the same method within the Ring state of a phonelistener(inside a Service class), I get the following error, since the service class doesnt have a window.
 The method getWindow() is undefined for the type PhoneListener

.
 private void startblinking()
{
     Log.e("inside","blink MEthod");

    timerforblinking.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask()
    {

        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable()
            {

                public void run()
                {

                    time = (float) (time + 0.5);

                    if(time == 0.5 || time == 1.5 || time == 2.5 || time == 3.5 || time == 4.5 || time == 5.5)
                    {
                        Log.e("time","OFF  - time = "+time);

                        layoutParams.screenBrightness = (float) 30 / 255;
                        getWindow().setAttributes(layoutParams);
                    }

                    if(time == 1.0 || time == 2.0 ||time == 3.0 ||time == 4.0 ||time == 5.0 )
                    {
                        Log.e("time","ON - time = "+time);

                        layoutParams.screenBrightness = (float)255 / 255;
                        getWindow().setAttributes(layoutParams);
                    }

                    if(time >= 6.0)
                    {
                        layoutParams.screenBrightness = (float)255 / 255;
                        getWindow().setAttributes(layoutParams);

                        timerforblinking.purge();
                        timerforblinking.cancel();
                    }
                }

            });
        }

    }, 0, 500);

Is there a possible workaround to achieve the screen blinking upon incoming calls.
Please help.Thanks!

A: Hand the Activity reference, which should blink, to the Service and call activity.getWindow(). You can use the Binder for this.
Have a field in your Service:
private Activity activity;

And a method in your Binder to update the field:
public void setActivity(Activity activity){
    this.activity = activity;
}

Call this when you are bound to the Service. Take care of this field at Activity switches or you will have a dead reference.


INTERNATIONAL. Singapore Changi has been voted the World's Best Airport for the seventh year in a row by travellers in the Skytrax annual survey, and named overall winner of The World Airport Awards.
Hong Kong International Airport won the award for best dining offer while London Heathrow received the accolade for best shopping. Heathrow has been named the World's Best Airport for Shopping for a the past ten years.
The prizes were presented at Passenger Terminal EXPO in London last night. This is the tenth time in the 20-year history of the World Airport Awards that Changi has been ranked first.
Proud moment: Changi Airport Group CEO Lee Seow Hiang (right) receives the Skytrax World's Best Airport Award from Skytrax CEO Edward Plaisted, as the Singaporean hub wins the accolade for the seventh year in a row.
Consumers rate the quality of shopping, dining and other services in the Skytrax survey (Changi Airport Shilla and DFS concessions pictured).
Skytrax CEO Edward Plaisted said: "To be voted the World's Best Airport for the seventh consecutive year is a fabulous achievement for Changi Airport, and this award continues to underline the airport's popularity with international air travellers. Changi Airport is very focused on continually improving the customer's airport experience and innovating with new product and service features.
The World Airport Awards are voted by customers and are based on 13.5 million survey questionnaires completed by over 100 nationalities across 550 airports during the six-month survey period. The survey evaluates the customer experience across airport service and product key performance indicators from check-in, arrivals, transfers, shopping, security and immigration through to departure at the gate.
*As reported, Jewel Changi Airport will host The Moodie Davitt Report Duty Calls Charity Dinner on 11 May. More information on partnership opportunities and ways to support the cause (Asian charity Friends International) can be found on the event website. For additional information, please contact Events and CSR Director Michael Barrett at Michael@MoodieDavittReport.com).


Hazelnut flavoured kit kat- the best part is unwrapping it and being assaulted by the heady hazelnut aroma- YUM!
...and finally caramel/molasses combo hard candy speckled with salt flecks for that authentic salted caramel/toffee taste.
One of the best things about it all, is that because you can't read the packaging, there's no way of knowing what you're in for unless you give it a try!
at 3:26 pm Posted by M?
Where do you work M's? Do you work at the Flagrant Food Fawning Food Test Lab?
I wish we had more varities of weird chocolates and lollies. I find Australia is not adventurous as Asia when it comes to weird snacks.
those wonton wrapper things look alternately alluring/n.q.r. kinda like how someone who lived in a plasticky world might imagine wontons to look..if you know what i mean? more importantly, how do they taste?!
Everything looks and sounds so interesting, I would really enjoy giving them a try.
Doesn't take away from their yumminess though!
Hi Jfox> They do seem NQR sort of like the plastic crepes and dishes Japanese restaurants are so fond of!
Hi Jonno> I think that was their intention, although that didn't stop those of us at work that devoured the packet in an hour- it was all because we wanted to taste all those strange and different flavours.
Hi Julie> Thanks for leaving a comment, yeah some of these sweets are a strange mix and it's always an exciting invitation for the adventurous!
Hi Hannah> Yeah, the girl who brought the kitkats back said it was chestnut flavoured and I would agree but it's taste is unmistakably that of hazelnut...O well!
I have no idea if you will ever see this comment, but I wandered back here and thought I'd agree - they definitely do taste nutty. Which is a better taste than some of the other Japanese kitkats I've had, which purport to be all kinds of fruity and crazy flavours but just taste overbearingly sweet! Have you had many other kinds?
hey hannah have you checked out Mellie from tummy rumbles' post on kitkats? now there is there some serious discourse happening on this subject matter!
Hi, I'm back again! I got caught up in exams and then traveling and then couldn't find my way back to this post! I just went and checked out that post you mentioned and imagine my surprise when I discovered your mention of the ANU, and then a description of all the secret places I used to go to to stock up on peanut butter m&m's and Reese's Peanut Butter Cups! See, I'm an ANU student too, only I'm currently on exchange in the US. I think I might go peek at the rest of your blog now! So exciting!
Thanks for chancing upon our blog!
Wow-ANU to the US that's some distance, well hope you're enjoying the exchange and make sure you drop by again sometime!
btw> Do you have a food blog perchance we can link to?


Meet at the Wesley at 6. We will have dinner and then head over together.
Sometimes after Overflow we gather afterwards to just go and do something fun together.
The first Overflow of the semester is approaching! Meet at the University Christian Church at 5:30 for a meal, worship, and small groups.
Calling all Freshmen on the Wesley! Come to the Wesley (1904 Guad) for Frehsman bash. At this event, we will just all hang out as freshman and get to know one another. If you are a freshman that hasn't come to an event yet, this is a great event to come and get to know people at the Wesley. See you there at 7!
Come to the SAC Ballroom for free pizza, friends, and fellowship. This is a great event to come to whether you are new to the Wesley or have been around for a while.
Not Going after "Mr. Wrong"
This group is a community for freshmen girls where we will laugh, talk, and grow in friendship and faith with each other. This group is a safe space to explore faith, doubts, and surviving freshman year! We would love for you to join us, so feel free to stop by!
For more info, contact Libby Sloan at libbysloan99@gmail.com, 817-948-4610; or Laura Thompson at laura.thompson@utexas.edu or 281-910-1581.


Barrett joined the Sky Blues three rounds into the Westfield W-League season to replace departing Head Coach Alen Stajcic. Barrett, who acted as the Assistant Coach during Sydney FC's Westfield W-League Championship win in season 2012/13, returned to the Sky Blues following a stint as Head Coach at the International Football School on the Central Coast. During the 2014 season Barrett guided the Sky Blues to a fourth place finish, two points off second place, and a semi-finals appearance and he'll hoping to go one step further in the Westfield W-League 2015/16 season.


When we first worked with Dori relocating from the UK to the US, we recognized early her dedication to helping families. Her passion and commitment to service is why we chose to work with her again on our new home purchase. It was a pleasure having Dori as our agent.
Dori has been an absolute pleasure to work with! We were referred via friends who have used Dori for both a home sale and purchase. We had begun our home search with a local Realtor who was familiar with our desired neighborhood and that turned into a waste of 6 months. After switching to Dori, we realized what a Realtor was supposed to do. She was eager to help us in finding our first home. We were (and still are!) totally green and didn't know the first thing about finding a home. We had a pretty specific wish list that was difficult to fulfill, but Dori was always optimistic that our home would be out there. She never made us feel as though we needed to come up with more money or sacrifice on the important things. She was always very upfront about her thoughts on a property and we felt very comfortable that she was looking out for our best interests. We never felt pressured to make a decision. The most impressive thing about Dori is her communication skills and her speed.
In the age of over promises and under delivery, Dori proved to be a dependable professional. She did exactly what she promised and more. Thank you Dori for helping us find a home quickly when relocating back to Huntington Beach. You are passionate about your work and committed to helping families.
We felt totally secure in trusting Dori with the sell of our home. She maintained her integrity throughout the entire process. And thank you so much Dori for helping us to find our new home. You can count on us referring our family and friends to you.
Dori has been great to work with over the years. Before helping us with the purchase of our current home in Huntington Beach, Dori assisted us with a temporary rental while we relocated back to Huntington Beach. She is a hard-working professional who enjoys helping families.
Dori Kay is the most committed agent I have ever dealt with...she went above and beyond to help me list and sell a property in California while we lived out of state. She is a very devoted person to her profession. I and my wife highly recommend her when it comes to trying to buy or sell your property.
Dori helped me find my apartment in Huntington Beach when I first moved to California from the UK. I remember that Dori worked on some paperwork for me late in to the night on a weekend, to make sure it was ready and I got the apartment I wanted.
She later helped me buy a new home in Rancho Santa Margarita for my new wife Nikki and I …a place to call home. If you are looking to rent, buy or sell a home, I would recommend Dori's services. She is a hard-working, knowledgeable professional that is passionate about helping families.
My agent Dori prepared me for what to expect as a first-time home buyer with a low-down payment, looking for a home in a seller's market with low inventory. But to my surprise, we were able find and close escrow on a great 2 bedroom/2 bath condo in my preferred complex, after only submitting two offers. My first offer was accepted as the back up offer, so I credit my success in Dori's expertise to details, expedience, communication, and negotiation skills. I would not hesitate to recommend Dori's professional services to anyone looking to buy a home.
I'm pretty handy when it comes to home maintenance and such, but as a single woman selling my first home after some fourteen years of occupancy, I had concerns repair items showing up in a buyer's inspection. I also wanted to sell my home quickly with the fewest surprises and delays, but still sell at fair market price.
After reviewing my property and listening to my needs, Dori suggested a seller's pre-inspection for big ticket items, and listing the property with a 1-year Home Warranty (which she paid for). She also gave me a list of things to do to show my home at it's best, and helped me stage it. I was ecstatic to be presented with written offers above asking price by the first two buyer prospects that viewed the property. One of the buyer's came from her "coming soon" sign and submitted an offer before hitting the MLS.
Dori's pre-marketing expertise and negotiation skills got my home sold above asking before hitting the MLS, and closed within 30 days. I highly recommend Dori's services.


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text:
George Washington, President and Freemason
George Washington remains a steadfast pillar of the United States; a man who stood for justice, loyalty, and freedom. He was the country's backbone for many years. His set of values were cemented in those of Blue Lodge Freemasonry, making it no surprise that today George Washington stands as a prominent figure in Masonic history.
The George Washington Masonic National Memorial in Washington, DC. highlights the president's achievements in Masonry.
In 1752, George Washington became a Master Mason at the age of 20 in Fredericksburg, Virginia (for only 2 pounds and 3 shillings!). The following year, Washington was raised to the second and third degrees at the Lodge of Fredericksburg, Virginia and visited regularly over the next few years.
Throughout his life, George Washington had consistent correspondence with his Brothers and often accepted invitations to lodge events, dinners, portrait sessions and to receive Masonic publications. During the War for Independence, General Washington attended Masonic celebrations and religious observances in different states. He also supported Masonic lodges that formed within army regiments. He even became Master of Alexandria Lodge No. 22 in Virginia in the year 1788.
It is clear that Freemasonry played a large role in Washington's presidency. George Washington was inaugurated as President of the United States with a Bible from St. John's Lodge, administered by Chancellor and Grand Master of New York, Robert R. Livingston. The dollar bill, boasting Washington's face, is known to display Masonic symbols, such as the all-seeing eye and scroll.
Our friends at the George Washington Masonic National Memorial touch on the ways in which Freemasonry helped to mold Washington into a world leader:
"Such was Washington's character, that from almost the day he took his Masonic obligations until his death, he became the same man in private that he was in public. He remained a 'just and upright Mason.' Brother Washington was a 'living stone' who became a cornerstone of American civilization."
George Washington passed away in 1799 at the age of 67. He was honored with a Masonic funeral ceremony, and buried with his apron. In the midst of Washington's death, Martha Washington sent a lock of the president's hair to the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. It has been kept in an urn made by Paul Revere from the year 1800 and remains in their collection to this day.
George Washington made a large impact on American history and paved the way for future politicians and Masons alike. For more information about George Washington, the Mason and The George Washington Masonic National Memorial, please visit their website.
All historical information provided by The George Washington Masonic National Memorial.


text:
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Daily Cryptocurrency Market Analysis
One Dump to Crash Them All
2022-12-15 • Updated
Starting on December 3 cryptocurrency crash caused panic on the market. Further Bitcoin movements are foggy, but we can manage to peek behind the crypto market's curtains and figure out what to do.
At 17:00, December 3, 2021, the cryptocurrency market has started to fall less than half an hour before opening of the US trading session. At the end of Friday, Bitcoin lost 10% of its capitalization and broke through one of the most critical support areas at $54-53K. Eight hours later, the market has decided to plunge more. In mere hours Bitcoin lost another 20%. Strong buyers' reactions emerged at $42K. From this level, the main crypto regained 16% in an hour.
According to futures liquidation data, cryptocurrency traders lost more than $2.4 billion in this crash. However, it is still less than $8 billion worth of liquidations in April 2021. How similar or different are these two movements?
The reasons for a plunge
One of the most influential cryptocurrency analysts – Willy Woo – supposes that the latest dump was caused partly by spoofers. Cryptocurrency spoofing is the process by which criminals attempt to artificially influence the price of a digital currency by creating fake orders. Spoofing is accomplished by creating the illusion of pessimism (or optimism) in the market. Thus, even the biggest coins (like BTC) can be moved greatly.
But spoofing itself isn't that powerful. Another reason for a plunge is strong support levels. They are so strong that millions of traders put their stop losses below these lines. And you know what happens when millions of stop losses are executed simultaneously. It's called "long squeeze", a short squeeze but in a different direction (Check the article to learn how to trade such events).
There has been enough gunpowder below the $52K level to blow up the market. So the momentum of the movement is understandable. But what now?
Fundamental and technical forecast
As you remember from the beginning, BTC has recovered 16% of the initial dump in half an hour. There are two reasons for that:
Tons of traders started to sell Bitcoin with 1:100 leverage and were flushed out of the market.
Tether printed another $1 billion worth of USDT.
Fundamentally, we need to wait for more USDT to come and for Bitcoin reserves to decrease on spot exchanges. This way, we will get the much-needed support for further growth. But what do we see from the technical side? Is this the end of the bull market?
The price broke through lots of support lines. Now the chart creates a new figure on the weekly timeframe. It is a bearish wedge with 50-MA acting as support. If the $42K level stays against the bears, we may see another rally till the end of the winter, with resistance at $70k. Several bearish divergences and rising wedge will create a massive resistance area. Therefore, we would refrain from such long-term forecasts for now.
Also, keep in mind that such dumps never come alone. On smaller timeframes, we may see double bottoms with divergences. So watch out for them to catch the next big rally.
BTC/USD Weekly chart
Resistance: 52 000; 70 000
Support: 42 000; 29 000
Don't know how to trade crypto? Here are some simple steps.
First of all, be sure you've downloaded the FBS Trader appor Metatrader 5. FBS allows you to trade stocks only through this software.
Open an account in FBS Traderor the MT5 account in your personal area.
FBS Analyst Team
20.01.2023 11:36 Is The Crypto Market Ready to Recover?
Recently, on the 16th of January, 2023, Thailand Securities Exchange Commission issued fresh rules in its continued efforts to protect investors' assets and build confidence in the crypto space. It comes right after Bitcoin surged above $20k. However, is this enough to kickstart a full recovery for crypto coins?
29.11.2022 19:37 TRADE IDEA: Technical Breakdown of Top Cryptos
Let's start off with a look at the Daily timeframe on Bitcoin. We currently see price reacting to the rally-base-rally demand zone between the 15,600 - 14,300 price area. Price also seems to have found support off the trendline support as marked in the image above. Interestingly, this means the overall bias on BTCUSD is Bullish.
29.11.2022 11:20 CBDC: Technology of the Future or Dystopia?
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are virtual national money. The idea of creating such currencies came to the authorities after the success of cryptocurrencies, which also exist only in digital form.
26.01.2023 15:30 Will USDJPY slide lower in 2023?
Last year was tough for the Japanese yen. USDJPY gained more than 30% over 2022, striking above 150 in October. While anticipation of slower Fed rate hikes pulled the pair below the 130 level at the start of 2023, the speculations over the destiny of BOJ's yield control policy grabbed the attention of the Japanese assets in the middle of January. What lies ahead for traders of the Japanese yen?
25.01.2023 14:14 BoC Rates Could Alter The Trend on USDCAD and others
Today, at 5:00 pm (GMT +2), the Bank of Canada will publish the Overnight Rate, which represents short-term interest rates, and is pivotal to the overall pricing of the Canadian Dollar in the global markets. Let's look at how the markets are faring ahead of the BoC rates release.
24.01.2023 11:23 MSFT faces gloomy forecasts ahead of earnings report
In a call scheduled for January 25, 00:30 am GMT+2, Microsoft will publish the company's earnings for the final quarter of 2022 and comment on the results, projections, and outlook for the nearest future of the company.
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text:
Air Force partners with OSU to advance engineering research
Published: Friday, September 25, 2020 By: Chamber Staff Source: VeloCity
The United States Air Force and Oklahoma State University have agreed to a five-year partnership that will develop cutting-edge research projects and create new educational opportunities for students and service members.
The Air Force, by way of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex (OC-ALC) located at Tinker Air Force Base, and OSU, through several colleges including the College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, will pursue joint research in areas such as radar and related sensing and communications systems, computer engineering, flight dynamics, aero propulsion and power and many more. The partnership will provide OSU faculty and students opportunities to work in conjunction with USAF members to conduct research and develop solutions to real-world problems.
The partnership will be enhanced by the cooperative engineering programs opening at the OSU Discover building in the Oklahoma City Innovation District. Through the program, students will take classes in the building in the morning then work as paid interns with Tinker and its contractors in the afternoon.
In July, Baker Hughes donated its building at NE 10th Street and Interstate 235 to OSU, which is now called OSU Discovery.
The mutually beneficial partnership aims to guide engineering curriculum and enhance local engineering education, provide a formal information exchange vehicle between OC-ALC and OSU on key technological issues and enhance the development and transfer of dual-use technologies. Also, both parties see this as an opportunity to encourage service members and veterans to pursue further education at OSU in hopes of advancing their careers within or outside of the military.
"This partnership means a wonderful opportunity for both [the Air Force and OSU] to work toward a mutual goal," said OSU President Burns Hargis.
The partnership will allow for the use of and access to information that both parties wouldn't have under normal circumstances, including the use of state-of-the art equipment and facilities, access to expert faculty in varying fields and unique perspectives and background knowledge from student program participants.
"This is a transformational partnership for the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex and OSU to work together toward a common goal," said Brig. Gen. Jeffrey King. "We hope it ignites a spark of companionship that will allow both entities to benefit from the intellectual and physical capital each other possesses."


When we hear "climate change," what comes to mind? Sweltering summers? Melting icebergs? Increasing numbers of wildfires? How about the impact of climate change on outdoor recreation?
It seems we are having record temperatures year after year, and that's cause we are – 15 of the 16 warmest years in the recorded history of our planet have occurred since 2001. But so what? Why should we care?
The facts are undeniable about climate change, what causes it, and why we are seeing such rapid and extreme changes in our planet. But in order to get people to care, the impacts have to hit close to home. Are you a hiker? Well you're affected. Are you a SCUBA diver? You too. Skier? Yep.
And it's not just overseas or way up in the Arctic. Our forests and mountains right here in the United States are changing rapidly. As a hiker and outdoor enthusiast you should care about the impact climate change is having on your beloved stomping grounds.
In this blog post we share some examples of how climate change is and will impact the outdoor activities that we love, in hopes that it inspires all of us to make some changes. Whether that be carpooling, eating less meat, buying less stuff that you don't need, showing up to vote for candidates who believe in climate change, or donating to important NGOs, we can all be doing more.
I hope this post helps shift the discussion away from arguing about the facts and scientific graphs. Instead I want to spark a more practical conversation about the impacts of climate change on outdoor recreation and why we as outdoor enthusiasts should care.
According to the United States Geological Survey, "the higher elevations of the Northern Rockies have experienced three times the global average temperature increase over the past century." As a result, glaciers in the Rocky Mountains are melting at an unprecedented rate, and within the next century it is predicted that our Rockies glaciers will be gone.
Climate changes pose a huge risk for the wildlife and species that live in these changing environments, some of which are endangered species. As the temperatures change, so does food availability and the regions that animals can survive in. In some cases, animals have to move to completely new territory to search for food, causing competition for resources among species. The Arctic fox is one example of a species struggling to survive as a result of new competition. As southern latitudes have gotten warmer, the red fox has moved north into regions that were previously too cold and is now fighting with the Arctic fox for limited food.
The devastating mountain pine beetle spreads faster in warmer climates and is destroying trees at an unprecedented rate. Generally the beetle only reproduces yearly but with the warming weather, the beetles are developing and reproducing faster than ever before. The beetles build tunnels underneath the bark of pine trees and introduce a fungus that blocks nutrients and water from being transported throughout the tree trunk. They attack in large numbers and are completely overtaking forests.
Warming climates also mean wildfires – whether human caused or natural – are more destructive. In 2016, three devastating fires in Idaho burned over 244,000 acres and cost Americans taxpayers more than $4 million.
From surfers to divers to snorkelers to those of us that just enjoy laying back on the beach, climate change is affecting our oceans and beaches simultaneously. As glaciers melt, ocean currents shift, and our beloved surf breaks may disappear. With sea level rise, the average wave height in some areas is getting smaller.
When Kim, Bearfoot Theory's content director, first moved to Los Angeles, one of her favorite beaches was Malibu's Broad Beach. Due to rising ocean levels Broad Beach has vanished into a sliver. According to the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change,"a rise of up to two feet as predicted last year could easily double or more within the next century." Depending on the slope of the beach, every inch of sea-level rise claims an average of 50 inches of land.
This picture here I took in Zanzibar last year. All of the coral is dead. Really spectacular SCUBA diving and snorkeling destinations are becoming few and far between.
Many boaters, fishers, and water-skiers are finding that lake water lines are getting lower and lower. Take Lake Mead for instance, shown in the photo below. With lower annual precipitation levels, climate change some lakes are drying up completely. While this affects boaters by creating dangerous obstacles in the water, it's also a scary sign for water supply.
Lake Mead water levels are at an all-time low since it's construction in 1936.
Our hiking and biking trails are also changing. Both and I Kim experienced huge burn areas on our respective John Muir Trail and Pacific Crest Trail hikes. These areas were void of shade and wildlife, and will take years to regrow to their original beauty. Trails in these areas can often be impassable due to fallen trees or landslides. On long-distance hikes like the PCT and Appalachian Trail, water availability is also becoming more scarce making those dry stretches longer and lugging more water on your back a necessity. According to the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, we are also likely to see higher rates of lyme disease since ticks thrive in warmer temperatures.
Deschutes National Forest along the Pacific Crest Trail offers little sun protection and little wildfire due to previous forest fires that have destroyed the area's vegetation.
Despite the west having record snow fall this winter, small ski communities are closing around the United States due to long-term declines in snow pack. Last year was the first time since the 2010-2011 ski season that Mt. Waterman ski lifts in the Angeles National Forest opened. Powder days are decreasing and the seasons are getting shorter. If you are interesting in the impact of climate change on our ski slopes, we recommend checking out Protect Our Winters, a group working to mobilize the snow sports community against climate change. Take the pledge to commit to the POW Seven initiative, which offers the seven most effective ways to take action against climate change.
GOT QUESTIONS? WHAT STEPS ARE YOU TAKING IN YOUR LIFE TO REDUCE YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE? LEAVE A COMMENT BELOW, TWEET ME, OR WRITE ME A POST ON FACEBOOK.
Bearfoot Theory is a big proponent of Leave No Trace. Learn how to reduce your impact on the environment so we can save these special places for future generations of adventurers.
I just wanted to thank you for writing a post like this. When I saw the title I thought it was going to be a political thing and I rolled my eyes. But I kept reading and it showed me a viewpoint I hadn't heard before with some bits of information that was new to me. Thanks for showing me this perspective.
Thanks Kirsten. Glad you found it helpful.
Thank you for this timely reminder. Even though we are excited to see spring, not at the cost of poor artic foxes, drought, and no powder days. I am going to check out the 7 initiative now.


text:
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_ordering.h"

#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/shape_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/status_macros.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/statusor.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/types.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/util.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/errors.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/logging.h"

namespace xla {

bool HloOrdering::ExecutesBefore(const HloInstruction* a,
                                 const HloInstruction* b) const {
  switch (GetExecutionConstraint(a, b)) {
    case ExecutionConstraint::kIsSame:  // a and b are the same instruction;
      return false;
    case ExecutionConstraint::kRunBefore:
    case ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveBefore:
      return true;
    case ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveAfter:
    case ExecutionConstraint::kRunAfter:
    case ExecutionConstraint::kUnordered:
      return false;
  }
}

HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint HloOrdering::GetExecutionConstraint(
    const HloInstruction* a, const HloInstruction* b) const {
  // 'a' and 'b' may be in different computations. In this case, find the
  // callgraph ancestor instructions which call (potentially transitively) the
  // computations containing 'a' and 'b' and use these ancestor instructions to
  // compare order.
  if (a == b) {
    return ExecutionConstraint::kIsSame;
  }
  const HloInstruction* a_ancestor;
  const HloInstruction* b_ancestor;
  std::tie(a_ancestor, b_ancestor) =
      call_graph_->NearestAncestorsInSameComputation(
          const_cast<HloInstruction*>(a), const_cast<HloInstruction*>(b));

  if (a_ancestor == nullptr) {
    VLOG(4) << "Ancestors in a common computation could not be found between"
            << a->ToString() << "\n and \n"
            << b->ToString() << "\n so consider them to be unordered.\n";
    return ExecutionConstraint::kUnordered;
  }
  // a_ancestor and b_ancestor must be either both null or both non-null.
  CHECK_NE(b_ancestor, nullptr);
  CHECK_EQ(a_ancestor->parent(), b_ancestor->parent());

  // If the common ancestor is a while instruction there is an additional
  // ordering criteria which may apply. The condition computation is considered
  // to execute before the body computation so if 'a' is in the condition and
  // 'b' is in the body, then 'a' executes before 'b'.
  if (a_ancestor == b_ancestor && a_ancestor->opcode() == HloOpcode::kWhile) {
    const HloComputation* body = a_ancestor->while_body();
    const HloComputation* condition = a_ancestor->while_condition();
    if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(a, condition) &&
        call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(b, body)) {
      return ExecutionConstraint::kRunBefore;
    }
  }

  // If the common ancestor is a conditional instruction, even though the branch
  // computations are not really ordered per-se, we define the 0th branch
  // computation to be ordered before the 1st one, before the 2nd and so forth.
  // This ensures that buffers can still be shared among branch computations
  // as they will forcibly have disjoint liveness.
  if (a_ancestor == b_ancestor &&
      (a_ancestor->opcode() == HloOpcode::kConditional)) {
    int a_branch = -1;
    int b_branch = -1;
    for (int j = 0; j < a_ancestor->branch_count(); ++j) {
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
              a, a_ancestor->branch_computation(j))) {
        a_branch = j;
      }
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
              b, a_ancestor->branch_computation(j))) {
        b_branch = j;
      }
    }
    // If neither a nor b is inside the branches they both are the ancestor.
    if (a_branch == -1 && b_branch == -1) {
      CHECK_EQ(a, a_ancestor);
      CHECK_EQ(b, b_ancestor);
      CHECK_EQ(a, b);
      return ExecutionConstraint::kIsSame;
    }
    // If 'b' is the conditional ancestor, and 'a' is within a branch
    // computation, 'a' executes before 'b'.
    if (b_branch == -1) {
      CHECK_EQ(b, a_ancestor);
      return ExecutionConstraint::kRunBefore;
    }
    if (a_branch == -1) {
      CHECK_EQ(a, a_ancestor);
      return ExecutionConstraint::kRunAfter;
    }
    if (a_branch < b_branch) {
      return ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveBefore;
    }
    if (b_branch < a_branch) {
      return ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveAfter;
    }
  }

  if (ExecutesBeforeInSameComputation(a_ancestor, b_ancestor)) {
    return ExecutionConstraint::kRunBefore;
  }
  if (ExecutesBeforeInSameComputation(b_ancestor, a_ancestor)) {
    return ExecutionConstraint::kRunAfter;
  }
  VLOG(1) << "Cannot determine order between:" << a->ToString() << "\n"
          << "and " << b->ToString() << " which are in the same computation\n";
  return ExecutionConstraint::kUnordered;
}

bool HloOrdering::IsDefinedBefore(const HloValue& a, const HloValue& b) const {
  // Entry parameter should always be defined before other instructions.
  const HloModule* module = b.defining_instruction()->parent()->parent();
  if (b.defining_instruction()->parent() == module->entry_computation() &&
      b.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kParameter) {
    return false;
  }

  if (a.defining_instruction()->parent() == module->entry_computation() &&
      a.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kParameter) {
    return true;
  }

  // Phi values require special handling. Because XLA does not have a phi
  // instruction, the definition instruction of the phis values are
  // placeholders: either the subcomputation parameter (body or condition) or
  // the while instruction. However, the program point where these values are
  // logically defined does not necessarily coincide exactly with program point
  // of these place-holder instructions. So we explicitly define the following
  // order for phi values:
  //
  //   body/condition parameter phi:
  //     Defined before all values defined in its computation excepting other
  //     phis.
  //
  //   while phi:
  //     defined after all values defined in the condition or body.
  //
  auto is_body_or_condition_phi = [](const HloValue& v) {
    return v.is_phi() &&
           v.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kParameter;
  };
  if (is_body_or_condition_phi(a) && !is_body_or_condition_phi(b) &&
      call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(b.defining_instruction(),
                                         a.defining_instruction()->parent())) {
    return true;
  }
  if (is_body_or_condition_phi(b) &&
      call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(a.defining_instruction(),
                                         b.defining_instruction()->parent())) {
    return false;
  }

  // If 'b' is a while phi and 'a' is in the body or condition, then 'a'
  // executes before 'b'.
  if (b.is_phi() && b.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kWhile &&
      (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
           a.defining_instruction(), b.defining_instruction()->while_body()) ||
       call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
           a.defining_instruction(),
           b.defining_instruction()->while_condition()))) {
    return true;
  }
  // If 'b' is a conditional phi and 'a' is in some branch computation, then 'a'
  // executes before 'b'.
  if (b.is_phi() &&
      b.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kConditional) {
    for (int j = 0; j < b.defining_instruction()->branch_count(); ++j) {
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
              a.defining_instruction(),
              b.defining_instruction()->branch_computation(j))) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return ExecutesBefore(a.defining_instruction(), b.defining_instruction());
}

/* static */
bool HloOrdering::UsesBeforeValueDefinition(
    absl::Span<const HloUse* const> uses, const HloValue& value,
    const HloDataflowAnalysis& dataflow) const {
  bool has_use_in_exclusive_branches = false;
  bool has_escaped_use_in_conditional = false;
  auto UseIsBeforeValueDefinition = [&](const HloUse& use) {
    VLOG(4) << "UseIsBeforeValueDefinition(use=" << use
            << ", value=" << value.ToShortString() << ")";
    switch (
        GetExecutionConstraint(use.instruction, value.defining_instruction())) {
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kIsSame:
        // If the use is at the instruction where the value is defined, then the
        // use is before the def if the instruction allows buffer sharing (in
        // place computation).
        if (dataflow.CanShareOperandBufferWithUser(
                use.instruction->mutable_operand(use.operand_number),
                use.operand_index, value.defining_instruction(),
                value.defining_index())) {
          VLOG(4)
              << "  use is value def, and instruction can share use buffer.";
          return true;
        }
        break;
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveAfter:
        // If the use is located in a branch that is exclusive to the branch
        // where value is located, in order for them to interfere, there must be
        // an execution path where the value's definition can reach the use, so
        // that the wrong value would reach use if their live ranges are merged.
        // If there is such a path, it would have to pass through the point
        // where the two exclusive branches are joined --- specifically the end
        // of the conditional operation. For the join point to reach back to the
        // use at the other exclusive branch, there has to be a be a surrounding
        // loop, where the result of the conditional is passed back inside the
        // conditional through one of its parameters. This use-def conflict
        // between the parameter of a conditional and one of its branches is
        // caught in the has_escaped_use_in_conditinoal variable.
        VLOG(4) << " use and value def are in exclusive branches.";
        if (!has_escaped_use_in_conditional) {
          has_use_in_exclusive_branches = true;
          VLOG(4) << "Allowing them to share buffer.\n";
          return true;
        }
        VLOG(4) << "value def has escaped use in conditional. \n";
        break;
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kRunExclusiveBefore:
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kRunBefore:
        VLOG(4)
            << "  use instruction executes before value-defining instruction";
        return true;
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kRunAfter:
      case HloOrdering::ExecutionConstraint::kUnordered:
        break;
    }

    // The use at a while is an input to a phi, and logically occurs before
    // values are defined in the body. Note that the use is *not* before the
    // value if the value is defined in the condition and is not the condition
    // parameter, since the input of a while's live range is only ended at the
    // start the body.
    if (use.instruction->opcode() == HloOpcode::kWhile) {
      const HloInstruction* xla_while = use.instruction;
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(value.defining_instruction(),
                                             xla_while->while_body())) {
        VLOG(4) << "  use is while " << use.instruction->name()
                << " and def is in body";
        return true;
      }
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(value.defining_instruction(),
                                             xla_while->while_condition())) {
        if (value.defining_instruction() !=
            xla_while->while_condition()->parameter_instruction(0)) {
          VLOG(4) << "  use is while " << use.instruction->name()
                  << " and def is in condition and is not the parameter";
          return false;
        } else {
          VLOG(4) << "  use is while " << use.instruction->name()
                  << " and def is in condition and is the parameter";
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    // Similarly if the value is defined at a while, it logically occurs after
    // any uses in the body or condition computations.
    if (value.defining_instruction()->opcode() == HloOpcode::kWhile) {
      CHECK(value.is_phi());
      const HloInstruction* xla_while = value.defining_instruction();
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(use.instruction,
                                             xla_while->while_body()) ||
          call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(use.instruction,
                                             xla_while->while_condition())) {
        VLOG(4) << "  value is while " << value.defining_instruction()->name()
                << " and use is in condition or body";
        return true;
      }
    }
    // The use at a call occurs before values that are defined in the called
    // computation.
    if (use.instruction->opcode() == HloOpcode::kCall) {
      const HloInstruction* call = use.instruction;
      if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(value.defining_instruction(),
                                             call->to_apply())) {
        VLOG(4) << "  use is call " << use.instruction->name()
                << " and def is in called computation";
        return true;
      }
    }
    if (use.instruction->opcode() == HloOpcode::kConditional) {
      const HloInstruction* conditional = use.instruction;
      // In general the use of a value in the conditional parameter should be
      // considered to be before a definition in one of its branches, and
      // therefore allowed in live range merging, if there is no
      // surrounding loop that creates a backward control flow path that
      // allows the definition in the branch to have its value flow backward
      // into the conditional and then flow into another branch in the
      // conditional that uses the value. This is reflected by checking that
      // the use-def in exclusive branches has not been already allowed.
      // Further, if the def value escapes its branch, we conservatively
      // assume a backward control flow path could exist, and set
      // has_escaped_use_in_conditinoal to disallow any later uses in
      // exclusive branches.
      for (int j = 0; j < conditional->branch_count(); ++j) {
        if (call_graph_->InstructionIsNestedIn(
                value.defining_instruction(),
                conditional->branch_computation(j))) {
          // If the use operand does not create a new value, and the value def
          // is returned by as part of the result of the conditional, it
          // is possible for the branch definition to flow backward through a
          // surrounding loop and then back into the conditional parameter.
          if (!dataflow.ValueIsDefinedAt(
                  use.instruction->operand(use.operand_number), {})) {
            for (auto value_use : value.uses()) {
              VLOG(4) << "def have use:" << value_use << "\n";
              if (value_use.instruction ==
                  value_use.instruction->parent()->root_instruction()) {
                VLOG(4) << "def use is conditional root \n";
                has_escaped_use_in_conditional = true;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
          if (!has_use_in_exclusive_branches) {
            VLOG(4) << "  use is conditional " << use.instruction->name()
                    << " and def is in " << j << "th branch computation";
            return true;
          }
        }
      }
      if (value.defining_instruction() == use.instruction) {
        VLOG(4) << "  use is conditional " << use << " and def is "
                << value.ToShortString();
        return true;
      }
    }

    VLOG(4) << "  use is not before value definition";
    return false;
  };
  for (auto* use : uses) {
    if (!UseIsBeforeValueDefinition(*use)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool HloOrdering::LiveRangeStrictlyBefore(
    const HloValue& a, const HloValue& b,
    const HloDataflowAnalysis& dataflow) const {
  VLOG(4) << "LiveRangeStrictlyBefore(a = " << a.ToShortString()
          << ", b = " << b.ToShortString() << ")";
  VLOG(4) << "Parent:" << a.instruction()->parent()->ToString() << "\n";
  if (!IsDefinedBefore(a, b)) {
    VLOG(4) << a << " not defined before " << b;
    return false;
  }

  if (a.live_out_of_module()) {
    VLOG(4) << a << " is live out of module and not defined before " << b;
    return false;
  }

  // If the root instruction aliases the buffer 'a', the live range of 'a' is
  // until the end of the computation and can never be strictly before another
  // buffer nested in the same computation. This is needed to prevent the root
  // instruction's buffers from being reused by later instructions even when
  // the root is not the last instruction in the schedule.
  for (const HloPosition& pos : a.positions()) {
    if (pos.instruction->parent()->root_instruction() == pos.instruction &&
        call_graph().InstructionIsNestedIn(b.instruction(),
                                           pos.instruction->parent())) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // All uses of 'a' must be before 'b' is defined.
  std::vector<const HloUse*> uses;
  for (const HloUse& use : a.uses()) {
    if (dataflow.DoesNotUseOperandBuffer(a.instruction(), a.index(),
                                         use.instruction)) {
      continue;
    }
    uses.push_back(&use);
  }
  if (!UsesBeforeValueDefinition(uses, b, dataflow)) {
    VLOG(4) << "uses of " << a << "not before " << b << " is defined";
    return false;
  }

  if (a.instruction()->parent() == b.instruction()->parent()) {
    for (const HloPosition& position : a.positions()) {
      if (position.instruction ==
          a.instruction()->parent()->root_instruction()) {
        VLOG(4) << a << " is live out of computation and defined before " << b
                << " which is in same computation";
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}

bool HloOrdering::MayInterfere(const HloValue& a, const HloValue& b,
                               const HloDataflowAnalysis& dataflow) const {
  // Buffers without disjoint liveness may interfere.
  return !LiveRangeStrictlyBefore(a, b, dataflow) &&
         !LiveRangeStrictlyBefore(b, a, dataflow);
}

PredecessorHloOrdering::PredecessorHloOrdering(const HloModule* module)
    : HloOrdering(module) {}

bool PredecessorHloOrdering::ExecutesBeforeInSameComputation(
    const HloInstruction* a, const HloInstruction* b) const {
  CHECK_EQ(a->parent(), b->parent());

  // 'a' executes before 'b' if 'a' is in the strict predecessor set of 'b'.
  return a != b && predecessors_.at(a->parent())->IsReachable(a, b);
}

string PredecessorHloOrdering::ToStringHelper(const string& name) const {
  std::vector<string> pieces;
  pieces.push_back(name);
  for (auto* computation : module_->MakeNonfusionComputations()) {
    pieces.push_back(absl::StrFormat("computation %s:", computation->name()));
    const auto all = computation->MakeInstructionPostOrder();
    for (auto instruction : all) {
      pieces.push_back(
          absl::StrFormat("  %s predecessors:", instruction->name()));
      for (auto predecessor : all) {
        if (predecessors_.at(computation)
                ->IsReachable(predecessor, instruction)) {
          pieces.push_back(absl::StrFormat("    %s", predecessor->name()));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return absl::StrJoin(pieces, "\n");
}

DependencyHloOrdering::DependencyHloOrdering(const HloModule* module)
    : PredecessorHloOrdering(module) {
  // Compute predecessor relationships between all instructions to determine
  // ordering based on dependencies. ExecutesBefore will return true iff there
  // exists a path in the HLO computation graph from 'a' to 'b'.
  for (auto* computation : module->MakeNonfusionComputations()) {
    predecessors_.emplace(computation, HloReachabilityMap::Build(computation));
  }
}

string DependencyHloOrdering::ToString() const {
  return ToStringHelper("DependencyHloOrdering");
}

SequentialHloOrdering::SequentialHloOrdering(const HloSchedule& schedule)
    : HloOrdering(schedule.module()), schedule_(schedule) {
  Initialize();
}

SequentialHloOrdering::SequentialHloOrdering(HloSchedule&& schedule)
    : HloOrdering(schedule.module()), schedule_(std::move(schedule)) {
  Initialize();
}

void SequentialHloOrdering::Initialize() {
  // Create a map from instruction to its order position.
  TF_DCHECK_OK(schedule_.Verify());
  for (const auto& computation_sequence : schedule_.sequences()) {
    const auto& order = computation_sequence.second.instructions();
    for (int i = 0; i < order.size(); ++i) {
      InsertOrDie(&order_position_, order[i], i);
    }
  }
}

bool SequentialHloOrdering::ExecutesBeforeInSameComputation(
    const HloInstruction* a, const HloInstruction* b) const {
  CHECK_EQ(a->parent(), b->parent());
  // If either instruction is not in the order, then 'a' and 'b' are unordered.
  if (!order_position_.contains(a) || !order_position_.contains(b)) {
    return false;
  }
  return order_position_.at(a) < order_position_.at(b);
}

const HloInstructionSequence* SequentialHloOrdering::SequentialOrder(
    const HloComputation& computation) const {
  return schedule_.is_computation_scheduled(&computation)
             ? &schedule_.sequence(&computation)
             : nullptr;
}

string SequentialHloOrdering::ToString() const {
  return absl::StrCat("SequentialHloOrdering\n", schedule_.ToString());
}

}  // namespace xla