text:
Röthenbach ist ein Gemeindeteil und eine Gemarkung des Marktes Kohlberg im Oberpfälzer Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab. Röthenbach ist vier Kilometer vom Hauptort Kohlberg entfernt.

Geographie
Historischer Mittelpunkt ist das Hammerschloss. Es liegt am Röthenbach, der dort zum Röthenbacher Hammerweiher aufgestaut wurde. Auf der anderen Seite des Röthenbachs befindet sich eine Eigenheimsiedlung.

Röthenbach liegt an der Grenze des Landkreises Neustadt an der Waldnaab zum Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach. Umgeben wird Röthenbach von Dürnast im Norden sowie Mantel (Markt) und Weiherhammer im Nordosten. Im Süden liegt Massenricht mit seinen Ortsteilen Obersteinbach und Untersteinbach und im Westen Thansüß und Freihung.

Der Ortskern von Röthenbach liegt auf .

Geschichte
Der Ort Röthenbach geht auf einen Eisenhammer zurück, der schon in den mittelalterlichen Salbüchlein Karls IV. erwähnt wurde. Noch bis 1880 war dort ein Hochofen in Betrieb, der Roheisen produzierte.

Von der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts bis 1928 gab es im Ort Glasindustrie, zunächst Veredelungswerke, dann auch eine Glashütte. Aus dieser Zeit ist noch ein denkmalgeschütztes Glasarbeiter-Haus erhalten, ferner das mit Polierrot gefärbte Gebäude, in dem bis 1928 das Glaspolierwerk untergebracht war. Sehenswert ist auch die Schlosskapelle mit einem Doser-Altar.

Das als Landsassengut anerkannte, 1678 errichtete Hammerschloss mit der Schlosskapelle Mariä Empfängnis (1728) und Brauerei- und Landwirtschaftsgebäuden wurde 1818 in ein Patrimonialgericht II. Klasse umgewandelt. Mit der Aufhebung der Patrimonialgerichte in Bayern durch Gesetz vom 4. Juni 1848 kam der Ort verwaltungstechnisch zum Markt Kohlberg.

Im Zeitalter der Industrialisierung wuchs die Bevölkerungszahl von 121 im Jahre 1864 auf über 260 im Jahre 1910. Nach der Stilllegung sämtlicher Gutsbetriebe Ende der 1960er Jahre ging die Einwohnerzahl auf unter 150 zurück.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Auf den ehemaligen Gutsweiden wird extensive Landwirtschaft betrieben, es gibt Imkerei, Forst- und Teichwirtschaft. Am Röthenbacher Hammerweiher mit mehreren Badeplätzen wird auch geangelt. Röthenbach ist an die Bahnlinie Weiden – Nürnberg angeschlossen, Rad- und Wanderwege kreuzen.

Verkehr
Der Haltepunkt Röthenbach (Oberpf) liegt an der Bahnstrecke Neukirchen–Weiden und wird von Regional-Express-Zügen der Relation Nürnberg Hbf–Neustadt (Waldnaab) bedient.

Literatur
 Burkhard von Grafenstein: Die Spiegelglasindustrie in Röthenbach. In: Oberpfälzer Heimat. Bd. 51, 2006, S. 183–204.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Kohlberg (Oberpfalz)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab)
Dorf

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Example implementation of a filesystem driver based on FUSE

This driver allows to:

- Mount any folder (including shared folders) in a local computer
- Navigate along the folder structure
- Create new folders
- Delete, rename and move files/folders
- Read data of files

File writes aren't supported yet. Also, the implementation doesn't cache data
nor does any prefetching to improve read performance so the performance will be
lower than it could be.

## How to build and run the project:

To build and run the project, follow theses steps:

1. Build the SDK including the option `--enable-fuse` in the `./configure` step
2. Run the `megafuse` binary that you will find in this folder

- If you run it without parameters, it will interactively request the required data
- You can automate it providing additional parameters:

  `megafuse [megauser megapassword localmountpoint [megamountpoint]]`

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Issue There isn't a way to delete report templates from the user interface. This article provides steps on how to remove report templates.
Resolution Note: You need to login as the oracle user via an SSH session and execute SQL*Plus commands as the avuser to complete the steps below, or log into the database from SQL Developer.
Login to the UI to delete any report results that were created using the template identified in step 2.
Navigate to Reports > Tabular.
Select the report(s) to be deleted. Scroll down the page to find the saved results in the table.
Click Delete to delete the saved results of the report.
When the modified URL is accessed, you will be directed to a page similar to the report page having the name of the report template.
There will be a delete icon on the right side of the page which will delete the template.


I really hope I don't jinx myself by writing this!
Sleeping through the night. Four little words new parents can't wait to add to their vocabulary. We have been very blessed and were able to say that Harry started STTN around four weeks old. Seriously! He doesn't do it every night, but at eight weeks old, he's pretty consistent with it.
His last bottle of the day is anywhere from 11:30pm to 1am. After we're done I take him in our room, wrap him in a Swaddle Me or sleep sack and put him down in the pack n' play (he sleeps in his crib in the nursery two nights a week). I turn on his sound machine and some nights he is out in ten minutes, other nights it takes a bit longer. And on occasion he needs a paci to soothe himself to sleep.
So Harry typically falls asleep by 1:30am. And he always sleeps until at least 7am, but usually it's closer to 8-9am. Not too shabby!
I'm thinking in the next month or so I will start putting him to bed a bit earlier to see if he won't sleep longer. Also, I need to start transitioning him to the crib full time, he does well the nights he sleeps in there so it shouldn't be too hard. The only reason I haven't done it full time yet is because we don't have a baby monitor. I'm thinking of getting this inexpensive one from Amazon.
Oh, and in reference to my post from this morning, Harry decided to calm down for good around 3:30am, and did in fact sleep until exactly 10am, over six hours of sleep :).
And here is your daily dose of cuteness, taken on New Years Eve.


In Part I of this series, we discussed the distinction between these two conditions, the common causes of both, and the fact that there is often confusion about them due to the frequent overlap between the conditions. In Part II, the focus will be on the symptoms of each condition and how the Thomas Law Firm can help with recovery.
The above symptoms are common in post-concussion syndrome, and are a normal part of recovery from a traumatic brain injury. However, some people get very worried about the symptoms, mistaking their post-concussion syndrome for permanent health problems. Worry and upset over symptoms only exacerbates their effect. Proper diagnosis and treatment of a traumatic brain injury will alleviate the stress and help recovery.
People with PTSD are at increased risk for depression, substance abuse, sleep problems and physical injuries. Early intervention and treatment is particularly important with PTSD. There are are several types of treatment: (1) trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy; (2) family therapy; (3) medication; and (4) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,mor EMDR.
Support during treatment and recovery is key; so also is avoiding drugs and alcohol. Reaching out to help others through volunteering and/or donating can challenge the feeling of helplessness that often accompanies PTSD.
If you have undergone a traumatic event that results in a traumatic brain injury and/or PTSD, contact the lawyers at The Thomas Law Firm to discuss your legal rights to compensation for medical costs and pain and suffering.


text:
Pictures | Thu Nov 26, 2020 | 11:29am EST
On the coronavirus frontlines
A patient embraces a doctor in a hospital for people infected with the coronavirus in Kyiv, Ukraine, November 25, 2020. REUTERS/Gleb Garanich
Reuters / Wednesday, November 25, 2020
Medical workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) utilize a swab chamber as they collect swab samples from men to be tested for the coronavirus in Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia, November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Willy Kurniawan
Reuters / Tuesday, November 24, 2020
A medical staff member is seen near a patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Nossa Senhora da Conceicao hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, November 19, 2020. REUTERS/Diego Vara
Reuters / Friday, November 20, 2020
A medical staff member takes care of a patient in the ICU of the Nossa Senhora da Conceicao hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, November 19, 2020. REUTERS/Diego Vara
Healthcare personnel prepare to discharge a patient who had been quarantining after a possible exposure to the coronavirus at a hospital in Lakin, Kansas, November 19, 2020. REUTERS/Callaghan O'Hare
A medical crew from Strasbourg's university hospital carries a patient suffering from the coronavirus on a stretcher after his transfer by a helicopter of the French civil security (Securite Civile) from Lyon to Strasbourg, France, November 12, 2020....more
A medical crew from Strasbourg's university hospital carries a patient suffering from the coronavirus on a stretcher after his transfer by a helicopter of the French civil security (Securite Civile) from Lyon to Strasbourg, France, November 12, 2020. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
Medical staff members work in the ICU where patients suffering from the coronavirus are treated at the Melun-Senart hospital, near Paris, France, November 20, 2020. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
A patient lies on a bed while a medical specialist walks by at the Vologda City Hospital Number 1, where patients suffering from the coronavirus are treated, in Vologda, Russia, November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov
Jade Carabajal-Richter worries about a lack of beds for patients with the coronavirus as case numbers surge at a hospital in Lakin, Kansas, November 19, 2020. REUTERS/Callaghan O'Hare
A medical specialist wearing protective gear takes care of a patient at the intensive care unit of the Vologda City Hospital Number 1 in Vologda, Russia, November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov
French anesthesiologist Caroline Tesse, 34, wearing a protective suit and gloves, examines a patient in the ICU where people suffering from the coronavirus are treated at Cambrai hospital, France, November 14, 2020. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
Medical specialists rest in the so-called "red zone" inside a pavilion of the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy (VDNH), which was converted into a temporary hospital for people suffering from the coronavirus in Moscow, Russia, November...more
Medical specialists rest in the so-called "red zone" inside a pavilion of the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy (VDNH), which was converted into a temporary hospital for people suffering from the coronavirus in Moscow, Russia, November 17, 2020. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov
A patient suffering from the coronavirus is treated in the ICU at the Centre Cardiologique du Nord private hospital in Saint-Denis near Paris during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in France, November 17, 2020. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes
A health worker collects a swab sample from a child during a rapid antigen testing campaign for the coronavirus on the outskirts of Mumbai, India, November 20, 2020. REUTERS/Francis Mascarenhas
Senior healthcare assistants Megan Reeves and Sharleen O'Leary prepare to administer rapid coronavirus tests which produce a result in thirty minutes at The Chiswick Nursing Centre in London, Britain, November 26, 2020. REUTERS/Kevin Coombs
Reuters / Thursday, November 26, 2020
A healthcare worker is seen during a testing campaign for the coronavirus in Ahmedabad, India November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Amit Dave
Medical specialists wearing protective gear work at the Vologda City Hospital Number 1 in Vologda, Russia November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov
Medical staff members work at the University Hospital Centre "Mother Teresa" where patients suffering from the coronavirus are treated in Tirana, Albania, November 20, 2020. REUTERS/Florion Goga
French anaesthesiologist Caroline Tesse, 34, examines a patient in the ICU where people suffering from the coronavirus are treated at Cambrai hospital, France, November 14, 2020. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
A medical worker is seen near a patient at the ICU of the Nossa Senhora da Conceicao hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, November 19, 2020. REUTERS/Diego Vara
Medical workers in protective suits attend to people at a makeshift community testing centre for the coronavirus in Hong Kong's Yau Tsim Mong district, China, November 24, 2020. REUTERS/Joyce Zhou
Medical staff members work in the ICU where patients suffering from the coronavirus are treated at the Melun-Senart hospital near Paris, France, November 20, 2020. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Be kind to Andy Cohen's friends — or else!
The lovable TV personality paid a visit to Late Night With Seth Meyers on Monday, where he shared a story detailing a tense (and hilarious) incident that occurred when he and Anderson Cooper were traveling together recently for their spoken word tour.
"We were at LaGuardia and I was doing my thing, which is organizing the bins that come out … and this woman with a thick Russian accent said to me, 'I wish you were as diligent about your reporting as you are with those bins,'" he explained. Apparently the aforementioned woman saw Cooper prior and had somehow confused him with Cohen.
Cohen and Anderson will be hitting the road again on their tour in September. Head here to learn more and get tickets.
Check out more news on Cohen in the clip below.


● No 18650 rechargeable battery included. You need buy it separately.
60 Days for Joyetech eVic-VTC Mini 75W with TRON-S Atomizer Starter Kit.
"Dead on Arrival " (DOA) claims, please kindly report to us within 72 hours from the delivery time.


Social care, according to Mr Hancock, needs to be better funded, not because hundreds of thousands of disabled people are living alone and unsupported or with carers who can barely cope, in conditions where their quality of life is somewhere between dismal and desperate; no, the objective of this – pretty modest – cash injection is to "free up those vital hospital beds".
DHSC will "pay for social care packages this winter" not because people will otherwise linger in pain, isolation and misery, but "to support our NHS". It is not that we want a decent, or even a just passable, system for caring for seriously dependant older people; the central objective of making more money available is "to make the NHS the best health service in the world".
After about a dozen more references to the health service, not quite as an afterthought but within a few paragraphs of the end of his speech, Mr Hancock said, "Reform of social care is long overdue and we'll publish a paper later this year". Thank you for – almost literally – nothing!


text:
Start Business
Small Appliances Drop-Shippers, Distributors, Wholesalers
Almo Corporation is a leading distributor for appliances, consumer electronics, AV systems and more. At Almo we work hard to meet the needs of our major appliance dealers by offering unprecedented 1 to 2 day delivery, extensive in-stock inventory, financing options and marketing support.
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Algert Co. Inc. is a major distributor for appliances and consumer electronics. From the new Kuwaiti Ice cream store chain looking for a reliable turnkey supplier of everything from the outside sign to the ice-cream flavors, to the defense contractor needing to ship in short notice, all living necessities for its 30 engineers relocating to Pakistan, to the major U.S. Appliance Manufacturer looking for a customer to solve quickly its acute excess inventory problem in a foreign country, to a foreign government looking for a well financed and reputable trading company to consolidate and supply over 500,000 appliance related parts from 15 different U.S. manufactures, to USA "Baggage Trade" dealers looking for professional and dependable distribution of U.S. made appliances and consumer electronics, to the returning foreign student wanting to take the best American appliances... we are the answer!
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Appliance Distributors Unlimited prides itself as the best resource for kitchen appliances in the Mid-Atlantic since 1982. ADU specializes in: complete kitchen appliance packages for homeowners remodeling their kitchens; builders, remodelers, kitchen designers and their clients; serving general and commercial contractors, property managers, the hospitality industry, schools, hospitals, and offices; ADU sales associates are trained to help you select the best appliance package for your kitchen remodel or other projects; Four large Showrooms in three states: Maryland; Northern Virginia; Washington DC; and South Central Pennsylvania; ADU was founded in 1982; ADU is dedicated to: Providing Professional Sales People; Offering Competitive Pricing; Providing Built-in Kitchen Appliances; Being the Best in Service.
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ARD Distributors, Inc. was founded in 1978 by the current management. ARD serves as the exclusive Florida & Export Distributor of quality lines of Appliances, Gas Grills, Room Air Conditioners and Package Terminal Units. ARD is a nationally recognized Award Winner as a successful and progressive marketer. ARD operates 3 Florida Distribution Centers: Miami serving South Florida and the Ports of Miami, Ft. Lauderdale and West Palm Beach; Tampa serving Central Florida and the Port of Tampa; and Jacksonville serving Northern Florida and the Port of Jacksonville.
1600 NW 159 Street
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Benji-26
Benji-26 is a distributor and exporter for new and refurbished products from leading consumer electronic brands, such as Pioneer, Sharp, Philips, Magnavox, Vizio, Polaroid, GE/RCA, Emerson, Vivitar, Funai, Sylvania, and Symphonic. Products carried range from Air Conditioners, Air Purifiers, Microwave Ovens, LCD and Plasma TVs, to Digital Cameras, DVD Recorders, DVD Players, Home Theater and Home Audio Systems, MP-3 Players, Cordless Phones, DVD Burners and more. Over the course of the past 29 years, Benji-26 has established extensive sales and distribution channels across the US, as well as internationally. Benji-26 provides full technical support to its dealer for all products carried. Benji-26 is also fully EDI capable and our selected partners can check on-hand inventory, place orders and track shipment of their orders online. Contact Benji-26 today.
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Crosley Distribution is a wholesale distributor for refrigerators, washers, dryers, freezers, ranges, dishwashers, air conditioners, microwaves, compact appliances, dehumidifiers, gas grills and more .Formed in 1976, the Crosley group has evolved to become a premier distribution specialist in appliances and consumer electronics with 35 distribution points covering the United States and Canada. Our distribution points provide cumulative warehouse space in excess of 2 million square feet. This warehousing capacity along with a sales force of over 200 outside salespeople gives us unmatched power in providing product to independent dealers in a timely and efficient manner. Our current dealer network exceeds 15,000 retail outlets.
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East West International
East west International is a leading distributor appliances and multisystem electronics. High quality of products and services is our asset, which attracts a steady flow of old, and new customers. Be it small audio-video equipment or a highly professional product, be it a small kitchen appliance or a major household item, you name; we have it. At East West International, we believe that you must have the product when you want it. To meet this objective, we are committed to holding a huge inventory of goods in our large warehouse facility, thus enabling immediate delivery of items ordered by our valued customers. Should any product not be available on request, we will take the order and ensure delivery in the shortest possible time.
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Petra is the nation's leading distributor of consumer electronics, houseware products and small appliances for more than 26 years. We are a solution-oriented company, making it easy for dealers to stay in step with advancing technologies that span across multiple markets in the consumer electronics industry. In all of our efforts, we remain true to our mission statement—"To provide the highest level of service, integrity and product value to ensure customer satisfaction." Petra's enormous buying power allows for us to offer an extensive listing of more than 20,000 products from more than 500 industry-leading manufacturers—all backed by our Lowest-Price Guarantee to beat any competitor's price. Fulfilling orders – big or small – is what we do best. We never require a minimum order allowing dealers to keep their offerings diversified and only order what they need, when they need it. Plus, our dealers receive guaranteed same-day shipping on all orders placed by 6:00 pm central time.Petra ensures true blind-ship fulfillment for its e-tailer customers by serving as a virtual warehouse. E-tailer orders get shipped direct to the end-user consumer, which allows more time for e-tailers to market and sell products (minus the hassles of shipping and inventory). Come partner with us.
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What Effect has the Arab Spring had on Investors?
The Arab Spring has made the Middle East and Africa less attractive to certain investors, but there is still plenty on offer in the battle for capital, panelists said during a CNBC debate at the World Economic Forum in Jordan.
The International Institute of Finance (IIF) estimated private capital inflows into emerging markets at around $1.181 trillion in 2012, of which a modest $73 billion went into the Middle East and Africa. But that number is forecast to rise to $82 billion by 2013, and $84 billion in 2014.
"Domestic political developments and geopolitical uncertainties have more of an impact on flows to non-oil exporting countries in the MENA region (Egypt, Lebanon, and Morocco)," the IIF said.
Salem Nasser Al-Ismaily, chairman of Oman's Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export Development (PAIPED), said stability was key to investors.
"My main concern,of course, if I were to put myself in the investor's shoes, is to make sure there is stability," he said. Earlier this year, PAIPED won an UNCTAD award for excellence in promoting export-oriented foreign direct investment.
An important lender in the region is the European Investment Bank (EIB), despite 90 percent of its loan book allocated to projects within the European Union. Philippe De Fontaine Vive Curtaz, vice president at the EIB, said more needed to be done to instil confidence.
"Let's be frank, we have to reassure more investors now than in the past. We have to be there to provide some political guarantee, so that we really ensure investors and local banks, that we will provide some kind of umbrella," he said.
There has also been growing concern about economic expansion not being inclusive enough to be sustainable in the long-term.
"When growth comes, that growth is an inclusive growth - it creates jobs,it provides benefits for the full range of people… that's the way you'll attract a large amount of money," U.S. Assistant Secretary of International Finance, Charles Collyns, said.
Martin Senn, CEO of Zurich Insurance Group, had a similar view. The global insurer has a strong presence in the oil-exporting nations of the Gulf, which have largely escaped the wave of political change since 2011.
"What needs to happen is that there is a push to diversify the economy more. I think there is a need to set a foundation for sustainable growth in the labor force and to create more employment," he said.
Turkey is the world's seventh largest agricultural producer in the world, according to the OECD, and the country has ambitious plans to bring foreign investors on board.
"We've been investing very heavily in the Southeast and Eastern Turkey. And the biggest issue in the future is food supply security for part of this region. It's likely to offer a huge opportunity," Mehmet Simsek, the country's finance minister, explained.
Collyns also said he saw significant potential – but that it could only be realized once macroeconomic stability was provided.
"There are plenty of opportunities in tourism, agro-business, business services... investors will come when you have established the right environment," he said.
Despite the polarizing political discord, there are countries investing aggressively in the region. Turkey is a prominent example, driven in part by necessity rather than choice.
"Europe has been a big drag on Turkish economy. The way we dealt with that was to rediscover our neighborhood – Middle East and North Africa region, Central Asia," Simsek added.
Turkey has managed to reduce its exports to Europe - its most important trade partner - from 56.4% in 2000, to 38.2% in 2012. That compares with an increase in exports to the MENA region from just 13.2% to 35.3% in the same period, according to Turkstat.
"Right now, in the MENA region with the Arab awakening, there is fair bit of disruption, but that's a short term," he said.
This week on "Access: Middle East":A CNBC debate on creating a dynamic emerging market from the World Economic Forum on the Middle East.
Featured panelists include Mehmet Simsek, Turkish Minister of Finance; Philippe De Fontaine Vive Curtaz, Vice-President at the European Investment Bank (EIB); Salem Nasser Al-Ismaily, Chairman of Oman's Public Authority for Investment Promotion and Export Development (PAIPED); Charles Collyns, U.S. Assistant Secretary, International Finance; and Martin Senn, CEO, Zurich Insurance Group.


From the Bambino Baby Range comes this lovely gift boxed set of a passport cover and luggage tag. Made from faux cream leather the set is decorated with gold dots and tiny sparkly silver stars. Each piece had a silver Teddy icon on the cover and gold text 'My First Passport' and 'My Luggage'. The passport cover takes a standard EU/British Passport current size and the tag has a strap with gold Presented in a cream box with lid, it makes a wonderful present for a new arrival or as a Christening Gift.


Looking back, the destination had always been mapped out but the journey to Armadillo Ink has been an amazing if not sometimes sad experience. I was born pencil in hand, or so my Mum has always told me. I followed the artists path through school and college, and study aside I was always involved in other creative activities, tinkled with jewellery, ceramics, textiles but it was always the craft of tattooing that was my main draw. It was only a matter of time and opportunity before I could get into the artists chair.
I cut my teeth in a well known studio enjoying the varied opportunities of a well known established and experienced artist, Baz K, and soaked up the benefits of his experience under a typical apprenticeship. For this break and opportunity I shall forever be grateful. Life changed and I found myself in a position to be able to take the step and open my own place, thus Armadillo Ink was born. With the love and support of amazing friends and family the studio has gone from strength to strength and my work has been featured in several publications. It's a hard graft, no doubt but ultimately being the master of your own destiny is worth it.
I gain my inspiration from many sources, I am fascinated with Indian textile designs, culture and artwork, Eastern culture, Henna paintings, Ernst Haeckels work in botany , so many artists to name. In the world of Tattooing, there are so many that I admire but to list a few, Anil Gupta from New York, Guy Aitchinson and his amazing use of colour theory, Claire Reids amazing ability to tattoo as though she is painting a canvas, my list is endless and I apologise for leaving out so many many artists who inspire me on a daily basis.
My love of my craft is my life, it's a 24/7 and 365 day pleasure. Being an artist is a way of life, not a 9-5 job. I value the clients input, you give me a canvas to create my art upon and in return I give you what I do and love, to wear everyday.
So if you have an idea, no matter how small or big, come on down to Armadillo Ink, lets work together and see what we can create for you to wear with pride for the rest of your life.


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Tommy Sheridan YES Talk In Aberdeen
Aberdeen City, Events, News No Responses »
With thanks to Dave Watt.
Tommy Sheridan is in Aberdeen on Wednesday 3rd of September at the Copthorne Hotel in Huntly Street as part of the Hope Not Fear Tour where he has spoken at venues all over Scotland alongside YES campaigners David Hayman and Ian Hamilton to over 15,000 people in the last eight months.
Thumbnail image credit: "TommySheridan2007" by D. Natanson – Self-photographed. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons
Posted by Fred at Aberdeen Voice at 05:16 Tagged with: Independence, Politics, Referendum, Socialist
Defying The Economic Cycle, By Bike
Articles, Community, Information, Sport No Responses »
In these bleak and pessimistic economic times, it's always heartening to hear of a thriving business looking to expand. All the better when its success is built on an alternative business model which genuinely appreciates its staff, rewards and motivates them appropriately,and involves them at the core of decision-making. Surely this can't work in the cut-throat commercial world? Jeremy Miles, MD of the Edinburgh Bicycle Co-operative has proved it can. David Innes cruised alongside him in high gear (definitely NO Lycra though) to ask him how it works.
Expanding? In the current economic climate?
What looks like a sudden announcement of expansion is really a plan we have been quietly executing for just over ten years. For 25 years we only operated in Edinburgh where we built up a £3m store. We decided to expand in 2001 and acquired Cycling World in Aberdeen's George Street.
By 2011, turnover increased to £12m, with stores operating in Newcastle, Leeds, Manchester and Sheffield. We were developing our online presence at the same time. Our aim was to double in size in each of the two five-year periods – every self-respecting socialist-minded business has to have a five-year plan! These are among the most challenging times traders have ever faced. Our business is no different. Customer spending on discretionary items is down, on bicycles as much as sofas and flat screen TVs. We're seeing growth, but its hard work to keep that going, although it's very positive in current conditions.
Our optimism and our ambitions are based of a number of factors. Cycling is enjoying a very positive momentum at present with concerns over health, transport costs, congestion and the environment all helping the industry to grow. We also feel that our co-operative structure presents an alternative to discerning customers who want to spend with a company with real values as well as a genuine focus on high levels of service delivered by owners of the business.
we work within our general vision of doubling turnover every five years.
Look how the Co-op has positioned itself against the corporate strength of the major supermarkets. The Co-op has heavily engaged with its local communities to help fund projects. It projects an image of being off the beaten track in terms of their offer.
Since we face similar challenges as our competitors become more organised and supported financially by private equity, we must also target a particular market where the growth in cycling is focused – in family leisure cycling and commuting.
Our previous expansion plans were about big stores in big cities with the right demographic spread; a fairly rigid plan which worked well for us in good times. The bike market is changing, however, with the development of some huge internet players in Wiggle and Chain Reaction Cycles. Significant retail chains like Evans and Cyclesurgery are expanding rapidly and bicycle retail is very different from even five years ago. We're also seeing more established brands such as Specialized and Giant opening branded stores, whilst the government-driven Cycle to Work initiative has also helped change the landscape.
Expansion opportunities are broader and more flexible as the customer base widens. Business-to-business relationships develop through government-funded initiatives and the internet offers new ways to market and support the bricks and mortar business. We look to capitalise on these opportunities when they emerge. We don't have plans for x stores in y years, but we work within our general vision of doubling turnover every five years.
This co-operative structure – how does that work?
Within the spectrum of employee-owned businesses we are a traditional workers' co-operative, so as hardline as it gets!
We have around 180 employees, full-time and part-time, of whom 135 are co-operative members. Members are invited to join after 12 months service by purchasing a single £2.75 business share. Around 75% of our workforce are owners of the business.
Having secured membership, they're entitled to receive a share of profits, free shares awarded annually, a single vote on issues put to the membership and the opportunity to be elected to the Board. They have access to communication mechanisms allowing information to move freely from top to bottom and vice versa, ensuring that opinions and ideas are fully utilised. It's an open and consultative approach to management and operations.
Aside from the ownership model, our business structure is fairly traditional with a board of directors, including an executive management team where I am MD, a group of elected employee directors to represent the membership, and an external non-executive director to provide guidance and expertise. I manage the staff in a conventional manner via Divisional and Department Managers.
This obviously works – tell me why
We've always been structured this way. We started out in 1977; seven hippies fixing bikes in a small repair centre in Edinburgh. Two of these hippies are still with us today!
The central philosophy was always to have an alternative view of how a business was structured, but I don't suppose your readership is all that interested in very deep philosophical musings about the prevailing mood of the 1970s and detailed Marxist rhetoric!
We are very much a business which values its people. We see them as the key asset of the business, so it makes sense that they control the business.
We spend 10% of our targeted profit every year on supporting grass-roots cycling projects
A prime retail challenge is delivering an all-round quality customer experience. To be effective at this, you must ensure that customer-facing staff are heavily engaged with your business. Many retailers struggle, paying minimum wage rates and providing a fairly uninteresting working environment. They turn staff over very regularly.
As a co-operative, we put owners in front of customers in most instances. This makes it much more likely that customers are speaking to someone with a deeply-vested interest in making sure the experience is positive. The fact they are almost always very passionate about the product they are selling helps too!
We see ourselves as much more than just a shop selling bikes and bits. We're all about added value and the wider customer experience. Promoting cycling as a leisure activity and a genuine alternative mode of transport is at the heart of our vision and mission. We spend 10% of our targeted profit every year on supporting grass-roots cycling projects, from school fairs to individual charity rides through Vietnam. We support key charity-focused cycling events which also promote cycling, for example the Edinburgh to St Andrews Ride and the Great North Ride in Newcastle.
We don't just write a cheque. We're hands-on involved, with starting line presence, repair services en route, food stops, and finish line presentation. We've run a range of hugely-successful maintenance and training skills classes for customers for years, and have a real commitment to providing repairs services to a high level. Our workshops are prominent in our stores rather than tucked away in a back room.
We see our engagement with customers as a vital part of the character of our business and put huge effort into getting feedback from them. Customers contribute to the content of our catalogues with family photos, and will soon be helping with blogs and social media content.
We have a very loyal base who are genuinely interested in our values and want to be part of our success as a genuine community co-operative.
Posted by at 06:00 Tagged with: Aberdeen, Alternative, Bicycle, Bike, Business, Co-op, Corporate, Customer, Cycling, Economic, Edinburgh, Giant, Leisure, Management, Manchester, Market, Marx, Newcastle, Product, Retail, Sheffield, Shop, Socialist, Staff, Target
When The Clyde Ran Red – Book Review
Articles, Community, Featured, History, Information, Opinion No Responses »
Deliberately resisting the attraction of the undoubtedly arcane and twisted plots of this year's Broons annual, David Innes evaluates Maggie Craig's take on exciting revolutionary times on Clydeside a century ago.
When Lenin appointed John MacLean, perhaps Red Clydeside's most-revered socialist son, Soviet Consul for Scotland in 1918, the reputation of Glasgow and its industrial satellite towns as the most likely crucible of any UK workers' revolution was sealed.
In the aftermath of Bloody Friday in January 1919, the militia, backed up by tanks was in George Square, the Riot Act had been read to an assembly of tens of thousands of working people and Scotland's own socialist revolution seemed inevitable.
When The Clyde Ran Red faithfully documents these tumultuous events which took place in what must have been life-enhancing times, but Maggie Craig achieves much more than re-documenting tales and phenomena well-known to historians and socialists.
In what might be regarded as a primer for the more in-depth and heavy duty histories and biographies listed in her book's bibliography, she chronicles forty years of the people's history through the experiences of those closely involved and those affected by events which showed that change was possible if the determination of the people was present and stout, resolute leadership given.
Not only are the iconic heroes of the struggle – Maxton, Muirhead, Kirkwood, Shinwell, Johnston and others – celebrated for their unstinting efforts as leaders in the battle for liberty, equality and fraternity, the lesser-known local heroes of rent strikes and trade disputes are also lauded. The little victories against oppression and exploitation, the author illustrates, are just as vital in changing lives as headline-grabbing larger scale changes.
There is obvious pride in her own Clydeside roots as Craig relates the day-to-day realities of struggles, defeats and wins for working people, describing the Singer dispute, the building, moth-balling and eventual launch of Cunard's Queen Mary and the Nazis' terrifying and murderous Clydebank Blitz in 1941.
Whilst these histories are well-known, the author brings new life to their re-telling from the perspective of residents, citizens and workers directly involved and affected.
Craig's previous form as a novelist, with seven previous publications in this genre, is obvious and welcome as When The Clyde Ran Red is an immensely-readable social history of headily-exciting times and fiery, determined human spirit.
When The Clyde Ran Red
Maggie Craig
Mainstream Publishing
http://www.rbooks.co.uk/product.aspx?id=1845967356
Posted by Fred at Aberdeen Voice at 22:35 Tagged with: Act, Book, Clyde, Clydeside, David Innes, Equality, George, Glasgow, History, John McLean, Lenin, Liberty, Maggie Craig, Mainstream, Mary, Nazi, Queen, Red, Rent, Review, Revolution, Singer, Social, Socialism, Socialist, Soviet, Square, UK
The Amazing Life Of Bob Cooney Part 3: War, Work And Words
In this third and final part of Bob Cooney's amazing biography, written by his nephew – Aberdeen City Councillor Neil Cooney – we learn that Bob having come home from fighting Fascism in Spain, returns to continental Europe to fight Fascism again as a gunner in the Second World War. We learn of his experiences in the war, changing attitudes towards Communism and his career as a folksinger.
On his return from Spain, his mother wept at the sight of him.
He was so thin and emaciated. For more than a year after his return he still bore sores in his arms and legs.
He had served his apprenticeship as an amateur soldier. Now the professionals conscripted him.
Conscription to W.W.2
In September 1939, the Second World War began. Bob was there as a gunner from the beginning to the end. He was sickened by the poverty he encountered in conquered europe. His eyes filled as he told of young German mothers giving their bodies for an egg to feed their bairns.
We are all losers in war. Bob was to campaign vigorously within the peace movement, but he was never a pacifist. There are times when we have to stand up and fight for a just cause.
1945 brought victory and the heady triumph for Labour in the election. Churchill with his cold-war rhetoric was dumped by the pro-Beveridge stance of Atlee. Socialism was at the front of the agenda. Gunner Cooney was deprived of his chance to help in the shaping of it by party HQ. That chance never came again although he flew the flag in the safe Labour seat of North Aberdeen in 1950 and picked up a creditable 1,300 votes.
By now he had championed a new group of friends, the squatters.
Housing was a key issue in the 1945-50 era. There had been an already acute housing shortage by 1939; wartime bombing had aggravated that problem by 1945. Nye Bevan was given the Housing portfolio as well as the Health one. Although he brilliantly negotiated a minefield of problems to set up the National Health Service, he failed to reach his housing target of 200,000 new units per year.
Shortages of men and materials made the task very difficult. The Tory jibe was that Labour had only "half a Nye" on the problem.
The Communist tag was no longer an asset after the outbreak of the Korean War
The houses that did get built, including the very popular prefabs, were constructed to a good standard, but there simply were not enough of them for all the newlyweds and their post-war baby boom. Ever-lengthening waiting lists rendered the future bleak for thousands of Aberdeen families.
A short-term practical answer lay in organising squats in empty properties such as the old camps at the Torry Battery and Tillydrone. Bob was once again organising.
He was now a family man himself, with a wife, Nan, and twin girls, Pat and Pam. He had to be earning; he joined the building trade and was soon involved in unionising the men. These activities eventually got him blacklisted from his beloved Aberdeen. There were no vacancies when Bob came to call. He was elbowed out of the dignity of work.
It was a particularly difficult time for him. The Communist tag was no longer an asset after the outbreak of the Korean War.
Under American influence, Commies were everywhere depicted as enemies, fifth columnists undermining the democratic process. Even the comic books had replaced the square-headed Nazi enemy with the square-headed Commie enemy. Stalin's death in 1953 was accompanied by a torrent of horror stories about purges and gulags.
Bob's messianic message was no longer marketable.
Folk Celebrity
He spent twenty years in exile in Birmingham where he found work as an industrial crane operator. He lodged with Dave and Betty Campbell and their close-knit family. The Campbells were old comrades from Aberdeen days. He was adopted into their family and he shared their love of folk music.
Second generation Ian and Lorna became leading lights in the folk scene. Ian's sons, the third generation, went on to take the pop scene by storm by founding UB40, just as the third generation of the Socialist Lennox family of Aberdeen produced the great Annie Lennox of Eurhythmics and, later, solo fame. Music had been a popular Socialist activity in the Hungry Thirties.
The definitive Spanish Anthem, however, was written by Bob himself for the 27th anniversary reunion of the International Brigade
Then ambitious shows were presented. The rehearsals kept the young unemployed busy. Little Alfie Howie, an unemployed comb-maker, recalled dozens of rehearsals for a star turn choral enactment of the Volga Boatmen. On the night, the rope was long, the line descending in order of size and the song was over and the curtains closed before Alfie had even reached the narrow little stage.
Bob even wrote a complete musical for Unity Theatre, but it was never performed: Fascists and Spain got in the way.
Bob himself became a minor folk celebrity, performing traditional Northeast tunes such as the "Wee Toon Clerk" and "McGinty's Meal And Ale". He was also frequently requested to perform his own compositions such as "Foul Friday" and "Torry Belle" or Chartist or Wobbly songs of American labour or the Spanish anthems such as Alex McDade's "Song of Jarama" sung to the tune of Red River Valley:
There's a valley in Spain called Jarama
It's a place that we all know so well
It is there that we gave of our manhood
And most of our brave comrades fell.
Alex himself died for the cause at Brunete in July 1938.
The definitive Spanish Anthem, however, was written by Bob himself for the 27th anniversary reunion of the International Brigade. He called it "Hasta La Vista, Madrid". It is a prose poem that he would deliver with gusto. He reckoned, with good reason, that it was the best thing he ever wrote.
Our century had to be cleansed
So we went to Spain
Where the defeat of Hitler started……
No freedom fight is ever lost
While folk can learn
Each human mind's an outpost
And the frontiers of freedom expand
Conquering minds and hearts
Prelude to the conquest of cities and states
Till the world will be wholly free
Then Folk will strive for higher freedoms still.
Bob even appeared on vinyl as a singer with the "Singing Campbells". He also worked with Hamish Henderson in the epic folk collection.
When he retired back home to Aberdeen in 1973 at the age of 65, he was "adopted" by the Aberdeen Folk Club. They honoured him by publishing in 1983 a selection of his songs and poems, "When of Heroes we sing".
That little booklet sums up his philosophy of life and the causes he so fervently supported. He was now 75 and his health was rapidly failing. His active mind kept him awake; insomnia wore him down.
He spent his last months in Kingseat Hospital, still humming his tunes and composing poems in his head.
He died in August 1984 aged 78.
He gave so much and seemed to get so little in return, yet he was happy in comradeship and lived a full life. Bob could be very shy in company until he got to know you, and then he could be quite gregarious. He could tell you jokes you had heard many times before, but he added his own little bits to milk the story for a few more hilarious minutes.
He wanted a world full of laughter; he challenged a life full of injustice. He won his fair share of battles and never shirked a challenge. The cause was always more important than personal comfort. It was a life of sacrifice in a huge effort to improve conditions for his fellow men. He didn't always win but he did inspire others to take up the cause.
He had a rich life worth celebrating, and it duly was celebrated in the Lemon Tree with a folk night featuring Dick Gaughan. The Trades Council also organised a celebration of the International Brigadiers in November 1989. His name lives on in the Housing Association development at Berryden: not bad for a squatter and a born rebel.
Aberdeen Voice wishes to thank Cllr Neil Cooney once again for permission to publish this inspiring story of a fellow Aberdonian to whom we owe an infinitely greater measure of gratitude.
Posted by Suzanne at Aberdeen Voice at 02:00 Tagged with: Aberdeen, Barcelona, Belchite, Blackshirts, Bob Cooney, Brigade, Britain, British, Churchill, City, Civil, Cllr, Communism, Communist, Conservative, Council, Councillor, Ebro, Election, Fascism, Fascist, Franco, George Fletcher, Germany, Government, History, Ian Campbell, International, London, Madrid, Menace, Mosely, Nazi, Neil Cooney, Peter Kerrigan, Politics, Poverty, Reds, Russia, Service, Socialism, Socialist, Soviet, Spain, Spanish, Treasury, UK, Uniform, Union, Valencia
Word 11 Festival – Iain Banks In Aberdeen
Aberdeen City, Articles, Community, Events, Featured, Information, Opinion No Responses »
As part of Word 2011 Book Festival in Aberdeen which runs from 9th to 15th of May, Celebrated Scottish writer Iain M Banks will be appearing at 7pm on Friday 13th May in the Arts Lecture Theatre, King's College.
Aberdeen Voice is grateful for permission to reproduce the following article entitled 'The Culture' which appeared recently in Democratic Green Socialist online magazine.
Is there more to some science fiction than meets the eye? Steve Arnott takes a personal look at the 'Culture' novels of Iain Banks and argues that leftie sceptics of the genre are missing out on something big.
'Perspective, she thought, woozily, slowly, as she died; what a wonderful thing.' – ( Last line, Chapter One, Surface Detail ) – Iain M. Banks
'I didn't want to leave. I didn't want to keep them safe from us and let them devour themselves; I wanted maximum interference; I wanted to hit the place with a program Lev Davidovich would have been proud of. I wanted the junta generals to fill their pants when they realised the future is – in Earth terms – a bright, bright red.' – ( Diziet Sma, The State of the Art ) – Iain M. Banks
'…it all boils down to ownership and possession, taking and having.' – ( The drone Flere-Imsaho summing up the feudal-capitalist society of Azad, The Player of Games ) – Iain M. Banks
I read Iain Banks' newest Culture novel Surface Detail recently. Feeling I'd just read something exhilarating, deep and satisfyingly unique, and contradictorily wanting more of the same, I took the opportunity of systematically re-reading all of the Banks Culture novels – some for the fourth or fifth time. Having made mutterings since the inception of Democratic Green Socialist online magazine about writing something on the Banks Culture universe, the inexhaustibility of these radical novels finally convinced me it was long past time to put fingertips to keyboard pad, and share my thoughts on the Culture with other readers of the DGS.
Not the least motivation for me doing so is that many on the left in Scotland seem mainly or wholly ignorant of these titanic, richly layered literary and philosophical works, even though they are authored by one of Scotland's leading popular writers. Thus they are unable to participate in a meaningful discourse about the important – and genuinely revolutionary – ideas and concepts they embody and contain.
If you have never read any of Iain Banks' Culture novels previously I hope this short essay can act as a bit of a primer and goad, and lead you to those books. If, like me, you're already a fan, then I hope it might spark the beginnings of a discussion group on the left about the Culture.
What are the Culture novels? And what is the Culture? (I'll stop using italics at this point).
Most readers of books are aware that Iain Banks publishes his non-genre novels under that name, and uses the middle initial M. when publishing his science fiction output. The Culture novels and novella represent the greater part of that science fiction output and are, in order of publication, Consider Phlebas, The Player of Games, Use of Weapons, The State of the Art, Excession, Inversions, Look to Windward, Matter and Surface Detail.
All of Banks' science fiction is of a mind numbingly consistent quality – they are wide screen, intelligent space operas, thrillers that are both comic and tragic in turn, redolent with dizzying philosophical and scientific ideas painted on a universal canvas, splendidly baroque, grotesquely violent, but always with intimate, human, recognisable stories at their core. The Algebraist, for instance, would be a good example of a great Iain Banks science fiction novel that isn't necessarily a Culture novel. But here I want to talk exclusively about the Culture, Banks' greatest character, and surely his highest intellectual creation.
The Culture is the communist/anarchist/socialist/libertarian (delete/add according to taste) civilisation that is both background and protagonist in the loose and diverse group of Culture novels. A galaxy spanning, highly technological meta-civilisation that is both pan-human and pan-species, in which artificial intelligences (in many ways superior) are the civic equals of their biological counterparts, and in which men and women routinely meddle with their genes and enhance and change their body shape and sex, the Culture is a 'Player' in galactic terms; one of a small group of galactic civilisations who have evolved way beyond middling stellar empires or republics to where they are either approaching the possibility of Sublimation (throwing off all remaining material shackles and effectively becoming 'something else'), or are busy (when not having plain good old-fashioned hedonistic fun) trying to do good in galactic terms by their own moral lights.
The Culture is in the latter category. Most folk remember 'Star Trek' and its off-shoots, and the famous 'Prime Directive' which forbade the Captains' Kirk or Picard of the Federation to interfere in developing cultures. Both the Culture and the Federation are egalitarian societies that have abolished disease, poverty, war and money, but whereas the Star Trek Federation worldview is informed by 60's, 70's and 80's progressive liberalism and cultural relativism, the Culture is an utterly bolshevik creation, informed by historical materialism, social critiques of capitalism and oppression, and a view of all things in the universe as being fundamentally transient and processal in nature.
Although it agonises about it and tries to do it using minimal possible force, the Culture is an interferer par excellence in emerging and developing cultures on planets and habitats throughout the galaxy.
When I first read that book back in the late eighties I was blown away by the spectacle and scale, the dark violence and inexorable sense of doom
Through the sometimes clandestine, sometimes open agency of its 'contact' and 'special circumstances' sections, it actively seeks to shorten the time civilisations will spend in a state of primitive barbarism, whether feudal, capitalist, or in state or religious tyrannies, (and sometimes mixtures of all of these), and help them progress to more enlightened and egalitarian states of being.
It is in the interstices of this pan-stellar revolutionary/evolutionary narrative, the doubts and moral shadings of the enterprise, its rewards and contaminations, that Banks finds his characters and his stories.
We were first introduced to the Culture through the eyes of one of its enemies; the Changer Horza Bora Gobuchul, a mercenary working for the religiously fanatic Idirans at war with the Culture, in the now classic of the SF canon, Consider Phlebas.
When I first read that book back in the late eighties I was blown away by the spectacle and scale, the dark violence and inexorable sense of doom. In the era of Star Wars, Aliens and Blade Runner I absorbed it as a wide screen space opera that would surely out do all others if ever made into a film.
All of Banks' science fiction work has that hugely visual, imaginative cinematic quality – not just in the sense of making the page disappear before your eyes and immersing you utterly in his story, but in the literary sense of showing not telling his deeper themes. And deeper themes there are in all of his work. Though there is no lack of talky philosophical discourse between Banks' protagonists, it is principally through the plot and development of the characters themselves, the tragic/redemptive weave of their pasts, presents and futures that we find a truly humane richness and a reflection of our own lives. Reading and re-reading Consider Phlebas I became aware that this wasn't just the ultimate science fiction action movie in print but a more mythic and multi-layered tale. In following Horza's journey through war, death, the hope of new life and irredeemable loss, we see his prejudices against the Culture and machine intelligence gradually undermined, until he realises he's been fighting on the wrong side all along.
Banks followed up this stunner of a novel with another immediate classic. The Player of Games introduces us to Culture society and the machinations of its dirty tricks section Special Circumstances from within. Jernau Gurgeh is one of the great Game players of Culture wide renown, with a life devoted to the study and winning of games picked up from planetary and stellar civilisations throughout the galaxy.
Living a comfortable life of academic luxury on a Culture Orbital (a circular ribbon of diamond hard material 3 million kilometres in circumference, 10 million kilometres in diameter and a few thousand kilometres across its inner surface – few Culture citizens live on anything as primitive as a planet), Gurgeh is inveigled by Special Circumstances to travelling to the Empire of Azad, a cruel feudal capitalist stellar empire, to play the game of Azad, a game on which the whole society is modelled and run and which determines the station of every one of its subjects.
The Culture is physically vast beyond our capacity for imagination
Think Graham Green meets Blade Runner meets Hesse's The Glass Bead Game, together with devastating social critique and an apocalyptic set piece climax, and all compressed into a shortish novel, a breathless, beautifully written narrative best read in a single evening.
Here's the thing; all of Banks' Culture novels are different – different characters, different stories, different storytelling techniques. Both the Culture oeuvre and the Culture universe are too vast to encompass in a short essay. Suffice to say the classically written two viewpoint, two plot narrative of Inversions is a much easier read for the relative newcomer than the multi-narrative, high tech Excession, and though both are fantastic novels that deeply reward the attentive reader, the reader will benefit from having already introduced herself to the Culture through the earlier novels. Look to Windward is a deceptively simple, yet tricksy tale, an exquisitely observed tragi-comedy of manners; Matter a return to epic scale and high adventure.
Yet there are also common themes which seem almost instinctively knitted into all of the Culture stories, and which are worth drawing attention to.
Perspective. The Culture is physically vast beyond our capacity for imagination. It is the pinnacle of what we might imagine a future socialist society to be, super technological, superabundant, superhuman, morally enlightened, profoundly egalitarian and long since moved from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom. It has existed for thousands of years and will continue to exist for thousands of years, but it is only one of a number of galactic meta civilisations, and it too will fade away, collapse or transform itself into something different. All things come into being and pass away.
Our Earth, our world, is part of the Culture universe, but only incidentally, in the passing, as it were, as one of the multitude of barbarian primitive planets observed but not yet contacted. The events of Consider Phlebas occur 'far, far away' at the time of the Crusades. The Culture's Contact section comes across us in AD 1977, in the novella The State of the Art, but decides not to intervene in our mixed up primitive society, and instead treat us as a kind of control experiment, clandestinely observed, to see whether we make it out of barbarism by ourselves, or destroy the planet by ourselves. The class struggle is universal but we are one speck of dust in a galaxy teeming with life and conflict.
Politics, and the price of doing good. Left politics runs through all the Culture novels like an invariable, but infinitely applicable, mathematical constant, and not in the bad "you'll have three bowls of cold socialist realist porridge a day, young man", kind of way.
This is not Doctor Who. The universe is not saved every week by waving a sonic screwdriver and 'reversing the polarity'
Rather, Banks allows the politics to be a kind of emergent phenomenon, something that is created from the narrative, the moral questions and exigencies of character and plot, the observation of societies and the multifarious nature of the sentient conscious beings that populate the Culture universe.
As in his so-called 'mainstream' novels, it is very clear that Banks is an original, non-dogmatic thinker who has imbibed in his education much left wing discourse, and sipped of the notion of revolution and social progress as a moral categorical imperative. The clear theme that runs throughout the Culture novels is the price to be paid when persons, singularly or collectively, attempt to do good, or to maintain good in the face of reaction. That price may be physical destruction or emotional disintegration, it may be moral compromise or the shattering of cosy cherished beliefs, but there is always a price to be paid. Leading characters die, or become disillusioned, or are used for higher purposes. This is not Doctor Who. The universe is not saved every week by waving a sonic screwdriver and 'reversing the polarity'. There is real death, real failure, real suffering. The redemptive aspect comes from doing what is right for wider social progress on an interstellar scale.
Human nature in 'Utopia'. Banks' Culture has often been referred to be critics as a utopia – mistakenly in my view. Literary utopias are all blank slate/human putty endgames from Revelations to Thomas More and onwards. They assume that human nature is flawed either because of some form of original sin or because society isflawed. The Utopia cleanses humanity of these flaws and either allows their 'true' humanity to shine through or makes them into the New Man. Dystopias are the cynic's/realist's response where attempts to make the New Man fail with disastrous, frightening, totalitarian consequences.
The Culture is neither Utopia or Dystopia because human nature in Banks' vision is not a blank slate or human putty to be perfected or damned. Or more correctly 'person' nature – whether that person is human basic, human enhanced, machine or alien – arises from its evolutionary and contingent history and the very nature of sentience and social being itself. The lives of persons can be enormously enriched by a better society, but they do not become wholly New.
The protagonists of the Culture remain recognisable. They have fears and flaws, loves and hatreds, pettinesses and jealousies, egotistic personal drives and altruistic self-sacrifice; this is a mirror that holds up human nature as a complex constant. The new civilisation is about creating a better place for the great Bell curve of sentient beings to live their diverse lives in, not about creating a trillion Stakhanovite Aristotles in some endpoint socialist paradise.
When Iain Banks appeared on The Book Show recently he appeared to argue that artificial divisions between literary, mainstream novels and the genre novel can be misleading. He made the point that the literary novel itself is a genre novel with its own sets of rules and suppositions. Perhaps Banks himself has been hamstrung by the artificial division he himself (or his publisher) has created between the science fiction writer Iain M. Banks and the mainstream novel writer Iain Banks.
Or, just perhaps, Banks has been enjoying a near three decade long private joke at the assumptions and labellings of the critics. His 'mainstream' work is very fine, of that there is no doubt – The Wasp Factory, Espedair Street, The Crow Road and Whit are all excellent reads. But I would argue that Bank's greatest contribution to literature are his Culture novels, and that perhaps that will only be finally seen and understood in the fullness of time.
Further, I would argue that the left has ignored the Culture as a potential source and reference point for discourse and that Banks, in his Culture novels, whether instinctively, or consciously, or a bit of both, has made a major theoretical contribution to socialist and progressive thought. The idea of fiction as a source of theory may be new and alien to many readers, but in this particular case I believe it to be true.
But an essay on a whole body of work can give only a flavour – and a flavour through the perceptions of one person at that. The proof of the pudding is in the reading. Go spacewards, young barbarians, and find new worlds.
Oh, and one final, teasing thought. What if something like the Culture actually existed?
Read more about Iain Banks at http://www.iain-banks.net/
For more info on Word 11 Festival, See: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/word/
Posted by Fred at Aberdeen Voice at 20:22 Tagged with: Aberdeen, Book, Culture, Democratic, Festival, Green, Iain Banks, Lecture, Magazine, Novel, Science, Scottish, Socialist, University, Writer


text:
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text:
#ifndef AERON_CONCURRENT_ATOMIC64_GCC_CPP11_H
#define AERON_CONCURRENT_ATOMIC64_GCC_CPP11_H

#include <atomic>
#include <thread>
#include <cstdint>

// Implement all operations using C++11 standard library atomics and GCC intrinsics.
// Not as fast as the x64 specializations, but allows Aeron to work on other platforms (e.g. ARM).
// See: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/_005f_005fatomic-Builtins.html

namespace aeron { namespace concurrent { namespace atomic {

inline void thread_fence()
{
    std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acq_rel);
}

inline void fence()
{
    std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
}

inline void acquire()
{
    std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
}

inline void release()
{
    std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
}

inline void cpu_pause()
{
}

inline std::int32_t getInt32Volatile(volatile std::int32_t *source)
{
    std::int32_t sequence = *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::int32_t *>(source);
    acquire();

    return sequence;
}

inline void putInt32Volatile(volatile std::int32_t *source, std::int32_t value)
{
    __atomic_store(source, &value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline void putInt32Ordered(volatile std::int32_t *source, std::int32_t value)
{
    release();
    *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::int32_t *>(source) = value;
}

inline void putInt32Atomic(volatile std::int32_t *address, std::int32_t value)
{
    __atomic_store(address, &value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline std::int64_t getInt64Volatile(volatile std::int64_t *source)
{
    std::int64_t sequence = *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::int64_t *>(source);
    acquire();

    return sequence;
}

template<typename T>
inline volatile T *getValueVolatile(volatile T **source)
{
    volatile T *t = *reinterpret_cast<volatile T **>(source);
    acquire();

    return t;
}

inline void putInt64Volatile(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t value)
{
    __atomic_store(address, &value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

template<typename T>
inline void putValueVolatile(volatile T *address, T value)
{
    __atomic_store(address, &value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline void putInt64Ordered(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t value)
{
    release();
    *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::int64_t *>(address) = value;
}

template<typename T>
inline void putValueOrdered(volatile T **address, volatile T *value)
{
    release();
    *reinterpret_cast<volatile T **>(address) = value;
}

inline void putInt64Atomic(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t value)
{
    __atomic_store(address, &value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline std::int64_t getAndAddInt64(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t value)
{
    return __atomic_fetch_add(address, value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline std::int32_t getAndAddInt32(volatile std::int32_t *address, std::int32_t value)
{
    return __atomic_fetch_add(address, value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

inline std::int32_t xchg(volatile std::int32_t *address, std::int32_t value)
{
    std::int32_t original;
    __atomic_exchange(address, &value, &original, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
    return original;
}

inline std::int64_t xchg(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t value)
{
    std::int64_t original;
    __atomic_exchange(address, &value, &original, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
    return original;
}

inline std::int32_t cmpxchg(volatile std::int32_t *address, std::int32_t expected, std::int32_t desired)
{
    if (__atomic_compare_exchange(address, &expected, &desired, false, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
    {
        return expected;
    }
    else
    {
        return *address;
    }
}

inline std::int64_t cmpxchg(volatile std::int64_t *address, std::int64_t expected, std::int64_t desired)
{
    if (__atomic_compare_exchange(address, &expected, &desired, false, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
    {
        return expected;
    }
    else
    {
        return *address;
    }
}

//-------------------------------------
//  Alignment
//-------------------------------------
// Note: May not work on local variables.
// http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24691
#define AERON_DECL_ALIGNED(declaration, amt) declaration __attribute__((aligned(amt)))

}}}

#endif