text:
Americans, including Governor Kay Ivey, participate in National Day of Prayer
Today is a National Day of Prayer and a day of of observance for people of all faiths to pray or meditate.
In 1952, Congress proclaimed a national day of prayer, but our nation's leaders have called for prayer for hundreds of years.
In 1775, the Continental Congress issued a proclamation for it; 20 years later, it was George Washington calling for thanks and prayer. Then John Adams and then Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.
Thursday, Governor Kay Ivey issued her own encouragements.
"In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, I can think of no better time to pray for our country, our state, and one another," Ivey said. "I certainly believe that prayer changes things! As your governor, I ask you to join me in praying for our state and I echo the prayer from Numbers 6:24-26: 'May the lord bless you and keep you, make his face shine on you and be gracious to you, may he turn his face toward you, and give you peace.' May God bless you and the great state of Alabama!"
Due to the pandemic, celebrations may look different, but the intention is the same: to take some time for quiet thought and thanks.
DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) — A single Powerball ticket sold in Maryland is the winner of an estimated $731.1 million jackpot, the first to get the top prize in months.
Thanks to math and bad luck, lottery players had another shot at a giant jackpot Wednesday night that earlier had been estimated at $730 million, but grew even further based on final ticket sales. Following the win, the new jackpot drops to an estimated $20 million for the next drawing Saturday.
Rain Precip: 100%


text:
package cluster

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"

	g "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"

	reale2e "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e"
	e2e "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework"

	exutil "github.com/openshift/origin/test/extended/util"
)

var viperConfig string

const (
	defaultThreadCount int = 10
	channelSize        int = 1024
)

var _ = g.Describe("[Feature:Performance][Serial][Slow] Load cluster", func() {
	defer g.GinkgoRecover()
	var oc = exutil.NewCLIWithoutNamespace("cl")

	g.BeforeEach(func() {
		var err error
		viperConfig = reale2e.GetViperConfig()
		e2e.Logf("Using config %v", viperConfig)
		err = ParseConfig(viperConfig, false)
		if err != nil {
			e2e.Failf("Error parsing config: %v", err)
		}
	})

	g.It("concurrently with templates", func() {
		var namespaces []string

		project := ConfigContext.ClusterLoader.Projects
		if project == nil {
			e2e.Failf("Invalid config file.\nFile: %v", project)
		}

		numWorkers := ConfigContext.ClusterLoader.Threads
		if numWorkers == 0 {
			numWorkers = defaultThreadCount
		}

		work := make(chan ProjectMeta, channelSize)
		ns := make(chan string)
		var wg sync.WaitGroup

		for i := 0; i < numWorkers; i++ {
			go clWorker(work, ns, &wg, oc)
		}

		for _, p := range project {
			for j := 0; j < p.Number; j++ {
				wg.Add(1)
				unit := ProjectMeta{j, p, viperConfig}
				work <- unit
				namespace := <-ns
				namespaces = append(namespaces, namespace)
			}
		}

		wg.Wait()
		e2e.Logf("Worker creations completed, closing channels.")
		close(work)
		close(ns)

		if err := postCreateWait(oc, namespaces); err != nil {
			e2e.Failf("Error in postCreateWait: %v", err)
		}
	})
})

func clWorker(in <-chan ProjectMeta, out chan<- string, wg *sync.WaitGroup, oc *exutil.CLI) {
	for {
		p, ok := <-in
		if !ok {
			e2e.Logf("Channel closed")
			return
		}
		var allArgs []string
		if p.NodeSelector != "" {
			allArgs = append(allArgs, "--node-selector")
			allArgs = append(allArgs, p.NodeSelector)
		}
		nsName := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", p.Basename, p.Counter)
		allArgs = append(allArgs, nsName)

		// Check to see if the project exists
		projectExists, _ := ProjectExists(oc, nsName)
		if !projectExists {
			e2e.Logf("Project %s does not exist.", nsName)
		}

		// Based on configuration handle project existance
		switch p.IfExists {
		case IF_EXISTS_REUSE:
			e2e.Logf("Configuration requested reuse of project %v", nsName)
		case IF_EXISTS_DELETE:
			e2e.Logf("Configuration requested deletion of project %v", nsName)
			if projectExists {
				err := DeleteProject(oc, nsName, checkDeleteProjectInterval, checkDeleteProjectTimeout)
				e2e.Logf("Error deleting project: %v", err)
			}
		default:
			e2e.Failf("Unsupported ifexists value '%v' for project %v", p.IfExists, p)
		}

		if p.IfExists == IF_EXISTS_REUSE && projectExists {
			// do nothing
		} else {
			// Create namespaces as defined in Cluster Loader config
			err := oc.Run("adm", "new-project").Args(allArgs...).Execute()
			if err != nil {
				e2e.Logf("Error creating project: %v", err)

			} else {
				out <- nsName
				e2e.Logf("Created new namespace: %v", nsName)
			}
		}

		// Create templates as defined
		for _, template := range p.Templates {
			err := CreateSimpleTemplates(oc, nsName, p.ViperConfig, template)
			if err != nil {
				e2e.Logf("Error creating template: %v", err)
			}
		}

		wg.Done()
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


How is it not possible that there aren't enough examples of these kinds of numerical documents from which clear format rules can be discerned? This discussion is proceeding as if we were talking about a small handful of documents, like kings lists, that have enough inconsistency to create controversy. But numbers? I'm shocked that there is even room for controversy where this discussion seems to already be probing number format analysis that hasn't already been considered by the many thousands of Egyptologists over the centuries who have tried to translate and follow the progression of the language from the earliest roots. Where are the linguists who have developed the syntax for these languages and why is there still such unknowns about what is arguably the most basic component of any communication system -- the numbers?
With all that's already been studied and asserted about ancient Egypt, there's clearly SO much more we do not yet really know.


text:
Павук (риболовецька снасть)
 Павук (ловильний інструмент при бурінні)
 Павуки (істоти)
 Павук (символ)
 Павук (Інтернет)
 Павуки (село) — село Стрийського району Львівської області

Фільми

 «Павук» — радянський еротичний фільм жахів 1991 року.
 «Павук» — канадська драма 2002 року.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Find out more about the First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) and the plan for Massachusetts.
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Read newsletters and other communications from the Public Safety Broadband Office.
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Secrets of My Diary: #11. ~Nevertheless, I'm with you~ – I'm Here; Right Here.
I once felt. I still do. I do it more these days.
You know you are the happiest you have ever been when you realize that you have the best father and you have the best mother and then you have even the best brother. And above all there is the Greatest Almighty Allah who gave you all these.
Do you think you can ever thank Him enough for the goods He blessed you with?
Alhamdulillah.. Alhamdulillah…!!! I really needed this!!
We need to think more often.


Published 04/20/2019 05:03:45 pm at 04/20/2019 05:03:45 pm in How To Make A Kitchen Island Out Of A Table.
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text:
Lansing – miasto w stanie Nowy Jork, w hrabstwie Tompkins. W roku 2010 liczyło 11 033 mieszkańców. Ma powierzchnię 181,1 km², z czego 157,3 km² to stały ląd, a 23,9 km² stanowią obszary wodne.

W latach 1942-1961 w South Lansing – w zachodniej części Lansing – na ówczesnych Farmach Królestwa działała Biblijna Szkoła Strażnicy – Gilead, kształcąca misjonarzy Świadków Jehowy.

Podział administracyjny
 Asbury
 Buck Cornes
 Dublin Corners
 East Lansing
 Head Corners
 Howland Corners
 Howser Cornes
 Ithaca-Tompkins Regional Airport (ITH)
 Lake Ridge
 Lake Ridge Point
 Lansing Residential Center
 Lansing Station
 Lansingville
 Ludlowville
 McKinneys
 Midway
 Munson Cornes
 Myers
 Norten
 North Lansing
 Portland
 Portland Point
 Rogues Harbor
 Smith Cornes
 South Lansing
 Terpening Corners

Przypisy

Miasta w stanie Nowy Jork


The content of my previous site http://www.systems-biology-modelling.com is transferred on this site.
Hierarchical or Multiscale modelling is currently extensively developed in a specific scientific discipline, Cardiovascular Science. Therefore, this scientific context serves in this site as a paradigm for the illustration of the approach. Some elements of Cardiovascular Physiology are given below.
CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AT A GLANCE: "THE BIG PICTURE"
The human organism in order to maintain itself needs nutrient fuels that will be consumed in its internal combustion engine using oxygen. The equivalent of the combustion engine are the different cells in our entire body. Both nutrients and oxygen have to be delivered in all cells. The organism accommodates this need by using a set of "pipes", the vessels, and a liquid medium, the bloodstream. It also needs a "pump" to set the liquid medium in motion and to keep it circulating. This is the role of the heart; it acts as a pump that facilitates delivery of nutrients and oxygen to all cells.
The heart pump has to propel the liquid medium carrying nutrients and oxygen. After it receives a volume of blood that fills it entirely, it contracts and thereby it moves the blood forward. Subsequently, it relaxes and is filled again with blood. The contraction and relaxation is accompanied by sound and constitutes the heartbeat. The continuous contraction and relaxation of the heart ensures proper blood circulation.
Teleologically speaking, that is if we were to accept that causes, design, and purpose (greek "telos" *) exist in nature, what mechanism has nature designed to mediate contraction of the heart muscle and, in particular, coordinated contraction of all heart cells that compose the organ? First, to generate contraction, muscle cells are equipped with special contractile apparatuses, the sarcomeres, composed of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments (Figure 1). The latter are made to contract when they bind a specific substance, calcium. Therefore, when calcium is increased in the muscle cell, sarcomeres will contract. In order to mediate the repetitive contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle, nature had to devise a mechanism to increase and subsequently decrease the concentration of calcium inside the cell in a repetitive manner.
Figure 1: Contractile apparatuses (sarcomeres) in relaxed and contracted positions. Sarcomeres are comprosed primarily of myosin (red) and actin (blue) filaments (image from wikipedia).
On the surface of the cell membrane there is a calcium channel, which can mediate calcium influx from the extracellular space, if activated. Again, nature had to devise a mechanism for repetitive activation and deactivation of the calcium channel. For this purpose, it attributed a specific functional feature to this channel: this opens when the voltage of the membrane is approximately -20mV. The voltage value of the cardiomyocyte membrane at rest is about -80mV, with the inside «being more negative » than the outside. Another feature of the calcium channel is that it closes very quickly after calcium has been increased in the cell.
Now, only a mechanism that changes the voltage of the membrane in a repetitive manner had to be discovered. To this purpose, a group of cells that generate electricity were « placed » in the heart. These cells, which are called "pacemaker cells" (as they set the pace), create electric signals that travel in the entire heart. When this signal arrives on the membrane of a heart cell, it induces the opening of another type of channel, the sodium channel. As a result, sodium ions, which are positively charged, enter massively from the extracellular space inside the cell and increase the voltage (from its initial value of -80mV). As mentioned, when the voltage increases to -20mV, the calcium channels will be activated and will mediate calcium influx that will activate the sarcomeres and the contraction of the muscle cell. Shortly afterwards, othen channels or pumps will extrude the ions that entered the cell and will normalize the voltage of the cell membrane. In this way, the cell is ready for the next arrival of the electric signal, that will repeat the procedure.
In the above simplifying description only two currents were mentioned, a sodium current and a calcium current. However, many other currents have been identified, each with its own characteristics e.g. voltage of activation, duration of activation, amount of ions transported etc. In order to analyse simultaneously all these currents, only a computational approach can be followed. This is the aim of electrophysiology, which uses computational modelling in order to represent these events.
Once this fundamental mechanism has been successfully represented computationally, it is possible to add additional cellular mechanisms, e.g. how the modelled ion currents are translated to cardiomyocyte contraction, or how nutrients are used to generate energy to support these processes. In this way, we can represent and simulate the behaviour of the cell as a whole. Then, it is possible to combine the behaviour of cells and extracellular components, in order to model the behaviour of the tissue. We can further proceed to modelling the whole organ and obtain a simulation of heart function. Finally, it is possible to add adjacent organs and create a computational model of an organic system. This hierarchical modelling approach and relevant modelling standards that have been generated to implement it are described in this site.
if we have figured out how electric signals are propagated in a cardiomyocyte, can we predict how they are transferred in a tissue which is composed of these cells in different arrangements and of different materials e.g. glue-like materials like collagen?
Can we predict how the whole tissue will move by changing its form?
if we know how tissue bits behave can we put them in place following the example of a builder who places small pieces on a scaffold or a sculptor who places these on a mould in different orientations in order to create a heart? If we combine them successfully, will we be able to predict the function of the heart?
Can we try to integrate adjacent organs and create an organic system?
Towards this direction " the torso model" has been proposed.
The Physiome Project was initiated by Denis Noble and Jim Bassingthwaighte of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS). The Heart Physiome Project represents the most developed part of the Physiome Project at this point. It can be accessed at the following link: http://www.physiome.ox.ac.uk/ (for referenceHunter, P. J. and T. K. Borg (2003) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(3): 237-243, Hunter, P. J., E. J. Crampin, et al. (2008) Brief Bioinform 9(4): 333-343).
The Heart Physiome Project aims in the representation of the heart as a physiological entity composed of different levels of biological organization, of spatial and temporal nature. It addresses different spatial scales i.e. molecule, biomacromolecule, cell, tissue, organ and organic system and different temporal scales i.e. μs time interval required for molecular interactions to human lifespan. To this aim, it works in the direction of multiscale modelling, as it will be described further below.
The heart is an organ comprised primarily of cardiac muscle cells and which produces electrical activity, transmits it throughout its entity and generates contraction. Electrical activity arriving at the cardiomyocyte membrane mediates the «electrical» activation of the cardiomyocyte. The first in a series of events is the activation of the sodium channel which is responsible for the extremely rapid voltage change of the cardiac muscle cell membrane. This voltage change will activate the calcium channel which will increase the calcium concentration of the cell, which in its turn will switch on the cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus to generate contraction. Finally, the potassium channel will amend the changed voltage and will return the cell to its resting state.
The series of ion channel activation in the heart has been studied and modelled extensively in the electrophysiology field initially by Denis Noble (Oxford University) who was inspired by the Hodgin-Huxley nerve model. Additionally, individual molecular channel models of the Hodgin-Huxley model type exist. These molecular models constitute the first degree/element in the spatial hierarchy mentioned above and are to be incorporated in the electrophysiology cellular models.
In order to model biological processes at the cellular level, markup languages based on the XML world wide web language, have been developed, e.g. SBML or CellML. These standards allow for a representation of biological function in a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Heart Physiome Project is using the CellML standard.
The CellML standard is described at http://www.cellml.org/specifications/cellml_1.1.
In order to model tissue processes, which are influenced by the spatial variations of the tissue, a different standard has been developed, FieldML which uses partial differential equations (PDEs).
Hunter, P. J. and T. K. Borg (2003). "Integration from proteins to organs: the Physiome Project." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(3): 237-243.
Hunter, P. J., E. J. Crampin, et al. (2008). "Bioinformatics, multiscale modeling and the IUPS Physiome Project." Brief Bioinform 9(4): 333-343.
The first from the left image could represent a traditional "pencil and paper" first draft of an otherwise computationally intensive discipline. The second image represents a tissue section (with numbered cells) which is a very common task/technique in many biological labs. Although the reconstruction of a tissue block by joining individual sections is an automated task with today's microscopes, coding of spatial information is a technique performed by specialists; a step of this process is demonstrated in the third image. Processing of spatial information with sophisticated computational techniques results in representations that resemble an art form, as demonstrated in the fourth image.


Approximately 30 members of the Halesite Fire Department marched in the 2010 St. Patrick's Day Parade on Sunday, March 14th. Despite the steady rain and sparse attendence by parade goers, Halesite's members marched with pride from The Yankee Peddler to St. Patrick's Church.
Pictured above is Halesite's 1924 Ahrens Fox being driving in the parade by Ex-Chief Kurt Martin with umbrella assistance from Craig Lanigan.


text:
Caselaw/
US 7th Cir./
OWENS v. FUNK
OWENS v. FUNK (2019)
Reset A A Font size: Print
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
James OWENS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Sandra FUNK, Defendant-Appellee.
Decided: February 12, 2019
Before WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge, AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge, MICHAEL Y. SCUDDER, Circuit Judge James Owens, Pro Se Katelin B. Buell, Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Civil Appeals Division, Chicago, IL, for Defendant - Appellee
James Owens, an Illinois prisoner, sued prison officials at four correctional facilities under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that they violated his constitutional rights. Among numerous other claims, Owens contends that Sandra Funk, who coordinates the transfer of prisoners, was deliberately indifferent to his safety when she transferred him to Menard Correctional Center, where he had known enemies. The judge granted summary judgment for Funk because Owens failed to exhaust administrative remedies. Because the issue of exhaustion is contested, as Funk concedes, we vacate and remand with respect to that issue only. The district judge did not err in dismissing or severing Owens's many other claims, so we affirm the remainder of the judgment.
Owens initially raised 21 claims against 72 defendants at 4 different prisons for events that spanned 5 years, beginning a decade ago. "As we have told him before, this scattershot strategy is unacceptable under Rule 20(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Prison Litigation Reform Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)." Owens v. Evans, 878 F.3d 559, 561 (7th Cir. 2017); see also Owens v. Godinez, 860 F.3d 434, 436 (7th Cir. 2017); Owens v. Hinsley, 635 F.3d 950, 952 (7th Cir. 2011).
Owens first discusses problems that occurred from 2008 to 2010. As relevant to this appeal, officers at Big Muddy River Correctional Facility allegedly violated prison policies regarding grievances and refused to let him make photocopies in the library. Owens was transferred to Pinckneyville in 2010. He contends that officers there denied him his right to protective custody.
Owens next describes three events beginning in late 2011, when he was transferred from Pinckneyville to Menard Correctional Center. He first alleges that Funk, the transfer coordinator, deliberately placed him at Menard because of the dangers it posed to him: several inmates at Menard had threatened him in 2005, and Owens had angered some of Menard's staff by suing them. Second, Owens alleges that after he arrived at Menard, the staff assaulted him and later denied him reading materials in segregation. Third, he asserts that, in deliberate indifference to his safety, Menard's staff celled him with an inmate with a high "aggression rating" who stole some of Owens's property. Owens later was transferred from Menard to another prison.
Anticipating a problem with the timeliness of some these claims when he filed this suit in 2014, Owens also alleged an ongoing conspiracy, dating back to 2008, to deny him access to court. He told the district judge that in all four institutions, prison officials conspired to delay or deny his ability to file timely grievances by interfering with his access to the law library, to the copier, and to the grievance forms themselves.
The district judge screened Owens's complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, dismissed most of the claims with prejudice as untimely, and rejected the "conspiracy" allegations because Owens had been litigating other cases "almost continuously" during the relevant period. The judge granted Owens leave to amend the remaining counts. He filed a pared-down amended complaint against 18 defendants. The judge again screened it and dismissed all but two claims. First, she allowed Owens to litigate his claim against Funk for transferring him to Menard, allegedly in deliberate indifference to his safety. Second, she let him proceed on his claim against Menard guards for assaulting him, but she severed that claim and it is not before us.
Discovery ensued on Owens's transfer claim. Owens asked for recruited counsel, but the district judge denied the request. Funk later moved for summary judgment, arguing that Owens did not exhaust his administrative remedies because he never submitted a grievance about his transfer to Menard, which occurred at the end of 2011. She furnished an affidavit from a member of the Administrative Review Board, which stated that the Board had no record of a grievance. Owens responded with a copy of a grievance about his transfer that he swore he submitted in December 2012 and to which prison officials never responded. Acknowledging that he submitted this grievance almost a year after his transfer, he urged that it was timely because the officers refused to give him a grievance form earlier. Without conducting a hearing to weigh the competing stories, the district judge entered summary judgment for Funk. She reasoned that even if Owens had filed his grievance in December 2012, he had only 60 days from the transfer to file the grievance, and she did not believe his excuse about withheld grievance forms because he had filed another grievance earlier in 2012.
We begin with Owens's claim against Funk under the Eighth Amendment for her alleged deliberate indifference in transferring him to Menard. He correctly argues that the district court prematurely entered summary judgment on exhaustion grounds. The district court rightly observed that Owens did not file his grievance within 60 days of his transfer, as Illinois code requires. See Ill. Admin. Code tit. 20, § 504.810(a). But Illinois code also provides that late grievances will be considered if the inmate can demonstrate good cause. Id. And Owens argued to the district court that he did have good cause—he swears that the staff refused to give him the necessary form. The district judge did not properly assess, through a live hearing, Owens's sworn statement that he submitted the grievance as soon as he could and never received a response. Her observation that Owens filed another grievance in 2012 did not obviate the need for a hearing because prison officials may have supplied him with only one grievance form. Funk concedes that this claim should be remanded for a hearing under Pavey v. Conley, 544 F.3d 739, 742 (7th Cir. 2008). Because "[a] swearing contest requires an evidentiary hearing to resolve, and none was held," Roberts v. Neal, 745 F.3d 232, 234 (7th Cir. 2014), the case must go back to the district court on the issue of exhaustion.
That is as far as Owens can get on appeal, for we reject the rest of this contentions. Owens first argues that the district court should not have dismissed his claim that, beginning in 2008, officers in all four prisons conspired to obstruct his grievance and litigation pursuits. But as the district judge correctly observed, Owens has not alleged a plausible conspiracy. He points to only discrete, disconnected acts: 37 grievances, many unrelated to this case, that he filed across four institutions. He asserts that sometimes a defendant did not answer a grievance, sometimes another defendant responded inadequately, and other times different defendants denied him enough time in the law library to complete his filings. But he never alleges that the different officers among the four prisons who handled the grievances or arranged for library time over the years worked in concert, as he must for his conspiracy claim to be plausible. See Cooney v. Rossiter, 583 F.3d 967, 971 (7th Cir. 2009). Thus, a claim based on an inter-prison, multi-year conspiracy fails.
Owens next contests the dismissal of nine claims as untimely. We note that timeliness is typically an affirmative defense, but a district judge may dismiss claims as untimely when the plaintiff pleads facts showing that he filed too late. See Sidney Hillman Health Ctr. of Rochester v. Abbott Labs., Inc., 782 F.3d 922, 928 (7th Cir. 2015). That is the case for eight of the nine dismissed claims. For these claims, which describe events at Big Muddy and Pinckneyville, Owens stated that he exhausted his administrative remedies by 2010. At that time, his two-year limitations period began to run. See Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 387, 127 S.Ct. 1091, 166 L.Ed.2d 973 (2007). Yet Owens filed suit on these claims in 2014, at least two years too late, and he does not explain how the defendants prevented his timely filing of these particular claims. In the ninth claim, Owens asserts that prison officials at Menard violated prison rules when, after they put him in segregation, they denied him reading materials. He contends that this claim is timely because he exhausted administrative remedies in 2012; but even if he is right, the claim is meritless. A violation of prison rules does not, without more, offend the Constitution. Fuller v. Dillon, 236 F.3d 876, 880 (7th Cir. 2001).
Next, we reject Owens's argument that the district judge wrongly dismissed on the merits, or severed, other claims against Menard officials. First, he contends that he stated a claim against them for celling him with an inmate with a high "aggression rating" who stole his property. But the law does not recognize a liberty or property interest in a prisoner's cell assignment. See DeTomaso v. McGinnis, 970 F.2d 211, 212 (7th Cir. 1992). His only potential claim is under the Eighth Amendment, but Owens did not state a claim under that theory. His cellmate has not harmed him, and theft or harm to property generally does not create a substantial risk of serious harm. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994). The district judge recognized that if his cellmate repeatedly stole his food, he might state a claim, but she told Owens that if he wished to pursue that claim, he must amend his complaint, sever it, and incur a separate filing fee. Owens did not do so. Nor did the district judge err in severing his claim that guards at Menard assaulted him. The judge appropriately complied with our instructions for dealing with Owens when he improperly joined unrelated defendants. See Godinez, 860 F.3d at 436; see also George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007) (explaining standard for severance).
Owens's argument that the district court erred in dismissing on the merits his claim against Pinckneyville officials for not placing him in protective custody also fails. Pinckneyville, a medium-security institution, does not have protective custody. See Ill. Admin. Code tit. 20, § 501.310(a) (requiring only maximum-security facilities to maintain areas for protective custody). Owens contends that this feature violates his right to equal protection because inmates at more secure facilities, where protective custody exists, are treated more favorably. But differential treatment for inmates at prisons of different security levels is rational. "Indeed, to state the distinction is to furnish the justification: security." Hammer v. Ashcroft, 570 F.3d 798, 801 (7th Cir. 2009). In any case, inmates in lower-security prisons may receive protective custody by a transfer to another prison if protective custody is not available but is deemed necessary. (Owens was transferred for that purpose after an incident in 2005.)
That brings us to Owens's contention that the judge abused her discretion in denying his motion for counsel. We conclude that the judge did not err. Over Owens's long history of frequent litigation before the district court, he has demonstrated that he is sufficiently experienced and is capable of handling a case containing the issues that he has raised here. See Pruitt v. Mote, 503 F.3d 647, 658–60 (7th Cir. 2007) (en banc). For the same reason, we DENY Owens's second motion to reconsider this court's denial of his request for counsel on appeal.
We have considered Owens's other arguments, and none has merit or requires further discussion, but we close with two observations. First, we assure Owens that we did consider his reply brief, though it was filed three months late. Accordingly, we GRANT his motion to file the reply brief to the extent that we have considered the arguments therein. Finally, and as we mentioned at the outset, Owens has repeatedly disregarded our instructions (and subsequent warnings) about filing oversized complaints against dozens of unrelated defendants for unrelated wrongs. Because he appears to have violated those instructions in the district court, we invite the judge to consider on remand whether an appropriate sanction is warranted.
Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is VACATED and REMANDED on the transfer claim for further proceedings consistent with this order. The judgment of the district court is otherwise AFFIRMED.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Family: In the backyard by the slide, yep. I think he sees your golf club.
Matt: Ok, lets see how hard this is going to be… What happened?
Family: The golf club door opened.
QMI: Phil is planning on fixing the door during the summer months, but my team we only have today, so we are taking matters into our own hands. This is the ultimate deterrent: 200 pounds of unbreakable, unbeatable retractable metal.
Matt: Now, this is just a protective gate and watch it seal up really tight.
Matt: If a guy sees this, he knows you are taking security very, very seriously.
Ex-burglar: What is the hell is this?
Ex-burglar: Where's my easy glass door and golf club? I'll tell you what. This rocks because no one is getting in through this. No one.
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An equipment rack at the Charles R. and Anita B. Winter Visual and Performing Arts Center at Millersville University, including RedNet components from Focusrite. The gear was installed by Clair Solutions.
Los Angeles, CA, November 9, 2016 – Millersville University, in Millersville, PA, is one of the state's leading education institutions, one of the 14 schools that constitute the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Millersville University also benefits from its relationship with Clair Solutions, a world-renowned audio, video and lighting integrator, located in nearby Manheim. Clair has been instrumental on the systems side of the Charles R. and Anita B. Winter Visual and Performing Arts Center at Millersville University, the $26 million, 84,000-square-foot media center that features a concert hall, recital hall, performance hall, classrooms, recording studios, piano lab, a music library, faculty offices and more. The Center's audio systems recently underwent a significant upgrade with the integration of a number of RedNet Dante™-networked audio converters and interfaces from Focusrite.
Photo caption: An equipment rack at the Charles R. and Anita B. Winter Visual and Performing Arts Center at Millersville University, including RedNet components from Focusrite. The gear was installed by Clair Solutions.


text:
arterial oxygen tension (32)
oxygen (13)
retinopathy of prematurity (5)
alveolar ventilation function (3)
cell respiration (3)
catheters (2)
congenital abnormality (2)
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2)
Agency ABCs (2)
Experience and Reason—Briefly Recorded (3)
Letters to the Editor (3)
Commentaries (2)
Errata (1)
Original Articles (1)
arterial oxygen tension
The Mortality Index for Neonatal Transportation Score: A New Mortality Prediction Model for Retrieved Neonates
Simon J. Broughton, MRCP, Andrew Berry, FRACP, Stephen Jacobe, FRACP, Paul Cheeseman, PhD, William O. Tarnow-Mordi, MRCP, DCH, FRCPCH ...
Objective. To develop a mortality prediction score for retrieved neonates based on the information given at the first telephone contact with a retrieval service. Methods. Data from the New South Wales Newborn and Pediatric Emergency Transport Service database were examined. Analysis was performed with the results for 2504 infants (median gestational age: 36 weeks; range: 24–43 weeks) who were <72 hours of age at the time of referral and whose outcome (neonatal death or survival) was known. The study population was divided randomly into 2 halves, the derivation and validation cohorts. Univariate analysis was performed to identify variables in the derivation cohort related to neonatal death. The variables were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis with neonatal death as the outcome. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed with the regression model and data from the derivation cohort and then the validation cohort. The results were used to generate an integer-based score, the Mortality Index for Neonatal Transportation (MINT) score. ROC curves were constructed to assess the ability of the MINT score to predict perinatal and neonatal death. Results. A 7-variable (Apgar score at 1 minute, birth weight, presence of a congenital anomaly, and infant's age, pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, and heart rate at the time of the call) model was constructed that generated areas under ROC curves of 0.82 and 0.83 for the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The 7 variables were then used to generate the MINT score, which gave areas under ROC curves of 0.80 for both neonatal and perinatal death. Conclusion. Data collected at the first telephone contact by the referring hospital with a regionalized transport service can identify neonates at the greatest risk of dying.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Low-dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Term and Near-term Infants With Respiratory Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension
David N. Cornfield, MD, Roy C. Maynard, MD, Raye-Ann O. deRegnier, MD, Sixto F. Guiang, III, MD, Joel E. Barbato, MD ...
Pediatrics (1999) 104 (5): 1089–1094.
Recent reports indicate that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation, increases arterial oxygen tension, and may decrease the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Despite these reports, the optimal dose and timing of iNO administration in PPHN remains unclear. Objectives. To test the hypotheses that in PPHN 1) iNO at 2 parts per million (ppm) is effective at acutely increasing oxygenation as measured by oxygenation index (OI); 2) early use of 2 ppm of iNO is more effective than control (0 ppm) in preventing clinical deterioration and need for iNO at 20 ppm; and 3) for those infants who fail the initial treatment protocol (0 or 2 ppm) iNO at 20 ppm is effective at acutely decreasing OI. Study Design. A randomized, controlled trial of iNO in 3 nurseries in a single metropolitan area. Thirty-eight children, average gestational age of 37.3 weeks and average age <1 day were enrolled. Thirty-five of 38 infants had echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. On enrollment, median OI in the control group, iNO at 0 ppm, (n = 23) was 33.1, compared with 36.9 in the 2-ppm iNO group (n = 15). Results. Initial treatment with iNO at 2 ppm for an average of 1 hour was not associated with a significant decrease in OI. Twenty of 23 (87%) control patients and 14 of 15 (92%) of the low-dose iNO group demonstrated clinical deterioration and were treated with iNO at 20 ppm. In the control group, treatment with iNO at 20 ppm decreased the median OI from 42.6 to 23.8, whereas in the 2-ppm iNO group with a change in iNO from 2 to 20 ppm, the median OI did not change (42.6 to 42.0). Five of 15 patients in the low-dose nitric oxide group required ECMO and 2 died, compared with 7 of 23 requiring ECMO and 5 deaths in the control group. Conclusion. In infants with PPHN, iNO 1): at 2 ppm does not acutely improve oxygenation or prevent clinical deterioration, but does attenuate the rate of clinical deterioration; and 2) at 20 ppm acutely improves oxygenation in infants initially treated with 0 ppm, but not in infants previously treated with iNO at 2 ppm. Initial treatment with a subtherapeutic dose of iNO may diminish the clinical response to 20 ppm of iNO and have adverse clinical sequelae.
Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen Required to Achieve 90% Saturation of Hemoglobin in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns
Daniel Émond, Christian Lachance, Jacynthe Gagnon, Harry Bard
Published: March 1993
Since very low birth weight preterm newborns are prone to oxygen toxicity and have red blood cells that have a high oxygen affinity, the knowledge of the P90 (the Pao2 required for 90% saturation of hemoglobin) could result in a more optimal oxygenation. This information could diminish the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retrolental fibroplasia. To determine P90 and P50 (the Pao2 required for 50% saturation of hemoglobin), cord blood was obtained from 10 preterm newborns who were of less than 30 weeks' gestation (26.4 ± 1.4 [SD] weeks) weighing less than 1000 g (816 ± 119 g). The P50 and P90 were determined by gas mixing tonometry and expressed in millimeters of mercury at a temperature of 37°C, a pH of 7.40, and Pco2 of 40 mm Hg. The tonometer permitted an equilibration and sampling of successive aliquots of blood at different oxygen tensions. Measurement of oxygen saturation, pH, and Pao2 provided the information for plotting the oxygen dissociation curve, the P50 and P90. There were at least six experimental points for each oxygen dissociation curve. The results showed that the mean P50 was 18.3 ± 1.9 mm Hg (2.5 ± 0.3 kPa) and the P90 was 40.8 ± 3.6 mm Hg (5.4 ± 0.5 kPa). This study demonstrates the fetal nature of the oxygen dissociation curve of very low birth weight newborns; but most importantly it also shows that when treating very low birth weight newborns with oxygen, a Pao2 of 41 mm Hg (5.5 kPa) is enough to saturate 90% of the hemoglobin at a physiological pH. This information could be of clinical importance to minimize oxygen toxicity.
J. Devn Cornish, Golde G. Dudell
The concerns raised by Dr Kitterman regarding potential inaccuracies of and risks related to umbilical venous catheterization are true and well stated. Indeed, the authors have great respect for the points he makes. Nonetheless, it is still the case that arterial oxygen tension is an indirect and a potentially misleading indicator of the adequacy of oxygenation in newborn patients. Although the placement of such catheters is associated with significant risks, these risks are at most comparable to and may in fact be significantly less than those associated with umbilical artery catheterization.
Preductal and Postductal Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension Measurements in Premature Newborns With Hyaline Membrane Disease
Stephen A. Pearlman, Jeffrey Maisels
Pediatrics (1989) 83 (1): 98–100.
Pre- and postductal transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) was measured in 23 preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease to estimate the degree of right to left ductal shunting. The study was done during the first 24 hours of life and the data were recorded continuously. The studies were 11.9 ± 4.0-hours long, (mean ± SD) and the difference between the pre- and postductal tcPo2 (ΔTcPo2) was measured every 100 seconds. Of 9,872 determinations, the ΔtcPo2 was ≤15 mm Hg in 90.1%, 16 to 29 mm Hg in 9.3%, and ≥ 30 mm Hg in 0.6%. It was concluded that large differences between pre- and postductal oxygen tension are rare in infants with hyaline membrane disease. The results of this and other published data suggest that it is unlikely that measurement of Pao2 in the descending aorta or tcPo2 below the ductus places infants at an increased risk of having retinopathy of prematurity develop.
Changes in Oxygen Tension and Effects on Cyclooxygenase Metabolites: III. Decrease of Retinal Prostacyclin in Kittens Exposed to Hyperoxia
Marie J. Stuart, Dale L. Phelps, B. N. Yamaja Setty
The acute phase of oxygen-induced retinopathy is associated with vasoconstriction and occlusion of the retinal vessels. Because this acute vasoobliterative phase could be due to the inhibition in retinal vessels of the production of the potent vasodilator and antithrombotic metabolite prostacyclin, animal experiments were performed to assess this possibility. Eight litters of 27 kittens (four to six days of age) were used. Control kittens were left in room air; hyperoxic kittens were placed in 80% oxygen for 48 hours; recovery kittens were returned to room air for 24 hours following hyperoxic exposure. Following treatments, the animals were killed, retinas isolated, and prostaglandin formation assessed. Retinal tissues produced 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane B2, from exogenous arachidonate. A significant (approximately 33%) reduction in retinal 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (the end product of prostacyclin) was observed both in the hyperoxic and recovery litter mates when compared with controls. Both of the experimental groups also demonstrated a reduction in total retinal prostanoids that paralleled the changes observed in prostacyclin, suggesting that the biochemical effect of hyperoxia on retinal vascular arachidonic acid metabolism occurred at the level of cyclooxygenase. A decrease in the local production of prostacyclin during hyperoxia is consistent with the histologic retinal changes observed during the acute phase of oxygen-induced retinopathy.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Selection Criteria: Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen Versus Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient
T. David Marsh, Shirley A. Wilkerson, Larry N. Cook
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has dramatically increased the survival rate of hypoxemic neonates who are unresponsive to maximum conventional medical therapy. Because ECMO involves multiple risks, including ligation of the right common carotid artery and right internal jugular vein, ECMO candidates should be neurologically intact neonates with a high probability of death despite maximum conventional ventilatory support. Currently, criteria based on the calculated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDo2) have replaced the neonatal pulmonary insufficiency index for predicting mortality and, thus, ECMO eligibility. A retrospective review of death prediction for the 26 months prior to the initiation of an ECMO program revealed a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 96% using the criterion of a Pao2 of less than 50 mm Hg for four hours. An equivalent A-aDo2 criterion of greater than or equal to 630 for four hours produced a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 96%. Prediction of mortality in neonates with sepsis was poor regardless of the criteria used. Excluding the deaths due to sepsis increased the sensitivity to 86% and 79% using criteria based on Pao2 and A-aDo2, respectively. It is concluded that the use of criteria based on Pao2 is equivalent to criteria based on A-aDo2 for predicting mortality. Criteria based on Pao2 may, however, decrease both the false-negative rate (patients with an elevated Pco2) and the false-positive rate (patients with intentionally induced hypocarbia secondary to hyperventilation alkalosis).
Transcutaneous Arterial Oxygen Tension and Retrolental Fibroplasia
D. WILLARD, J. MESSER
To the Editor.— According to Rooth et al1 transcutaneous monitoring of the newborn gives a reliable indication of arterial oxygen tension, if correctly used. We have evidence2 confirming such a point of view, often considered as controversial in the United States. Since 1980, we have used this system of monitoring, without any additional blood control, on every oxygen-dependent newborn treated in our neonatal care unit with few exceptions. From January 1980 to July 1986, 1,672 premature infants (approximately one third of whom weighed less than 1,500 g) were assessed by means of indirect ophthalmoscopy to rule out classical forms of retinopathy.
Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitors Are Reliable Indicators of Arterial Oxygen Tension (If Used Correctly)
G. ROOTH, A. HUCH, R. HUCH
The following recommendations should always be kept in mind: 1. Each new transcutaneous equipment, or modification of equipment, must be adequately tested in vivo as well as in vitro. 2. The users must have basic understanding of the principles and the major requirements for applying the tcPo2 technique. 3. Calibration procedures must be carefully adhered to according to the manufacturer's instruction. 4. The temperature of the electrode must be kept at 44°C for premature infants and at 44° or 45°C for term infants if the clinical aim is to estimate arterial Po2 levels. Resetting of the electrode must then be done every two hours. For sick infants, this may be needed more frequently. 5. Whenever there is cause to compare tcPo2 values with arterial ones, the latter must be obtained from an appropriate vessel. Great care must be taken when drawing and analyzing blood for Po2. The infant should not be crying. 6. Significantly lower transcutaneous Po2 values than arterial Po2 values are due to either one or several of the errors indicated above or to an insufficient circulation under the electrode. In recent years, technical or clinical errors seem to have become more and more common. Thereby the technique has unjustly fallen into disrepute. 7. Insufficient circulation under the electrode rarely occurs in the newborn infant and then only in those who are in overt shock.
Effects of Changes in Oxygen Tension on Vascular and Platelet Hydroxyacid Metabolites II. Hypoxia Increases 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid, a Proangiogenic Metabolite
B. N. Yamaja Setty, Carolyn Ganley, Marie J. Stuart
Current strict O2 management may be precipitating more severe retinopathy of prematurity than would occur with a more lenient approach. Hypoxemia in an animal model has also been found to worsen retinal neovascularization. It has recently been shown that the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids can modulate angiogenesis. 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is proangiogenic, whereas 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is an antiangiogenic metabolite. In vitro exposure of paired human neonatal vessels (n = 7) to hypoxia enhanced the production of total vascular hydroxyacids (232 ± 36 pmol/mg of protein [experimental group] v 168 ± 31 pmol [control group]; P < .01). The increase in vascular 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid under hypoxic conditions was even more significant (P < .001). However, platelet production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was not significantly affected by hypoxia. These observations suggest a possible biochemical basis for the abnormal angiogenic process that occurs during the proliferation phase of the retinopathy of prematurity. The production of local hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in tissues manifesting abnormal neovascularization needs to be further evaluated.
Pulmonary Vascular Response to Oxygen in Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Steven H. Abman, Robert R. Wolfe, Frank J. Accurso, Beverly L. Koops, C. Michael Bowman ...
Pediatrics (1985) 75 (1): 80–84.
The cardiac catheterization data of six infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were reviewed to examine the responsiveness of their pulmonary vascular beds to changes in oxygen tension. The infants were studied because of slow recovery from their oxygen requirements and clinical evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension. All were receiving home oxygen therapy and had abnormal chest radiographs and right ventricular hypertrophy by ECG at the time of catheterization (mean age, 25 months). All infants had mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mm Hg in room air, with a mean of 48 mm Hg. All decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure by at least 10 mm Hg when placed in high levels of inspired oxygen (FiO2 > 80), with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm Hg. This represented a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure from room air pressures (P < .005). Mean pulmonary artery pressure was also measured in three infants who were breathing supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula at flow rates similar to levels used for outpatient therapy. Most of the reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure that occurred at high FiO2 occurred at these lower flow rates of supplemental oxygen. It is concluded that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who have pulmonary hypertension generally have reactive pulmonary vascular beds, responsive to supplemental oxygen. Continuous oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be useful in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension During Nonnutritive Sucking in Preterm Infants
Roberto Paludetto, Steven S. Robertson, Maureen Hack, Chandra R. Shivpuri, Richard J. Martin
The effects of nonnutritive sucking on transcutaneous oxygen tension, heart rate, and respiratory rate were studied sequentially in 14 sleeping preterm infants breathing room air. Transcutaneous oxygen tension increased during nonnutritive sucking in infants between 32 and 35 weeks postconceptional age, but not in those between 36 and 39 weeks. This response was not associated with a change in respiratory rate or sleep state, although heart rate tended to increase. These data offer further support for the beneficial effects of nonnutritive sucking in preterm infants.
Melanie J. Pollitzer, Linda P. Soutter, E. Osmund R. Reynolds
Two hundred eighty-two umbilical artery catheters with oxygen electrodes on their tips were passed into the aortas of 268 newborn infants with severe respiratory illnesses between 1974-1977; 254 (90%) of the electrodes recorded Pao2 satisfactorily for a mean of 66 hours; 212 (75%) electrodes were still functioning well when removed, because they were no longer clinically needed, after a mean of 87 hours. The 27 electrodes that failed to record Pao2 on insertion, 42 that failed later, and 25 that temporarily malfunctioned were examined after removal from the infants. A structural cause was found which accounted for the failure or malfunction of 43 electrodes. Problems with the remaining 51 electrodes were thought often to have been due to clotting over the tip of the electrode. The main complication of catheterization was temporary impairment of the circulation to the legs in 69 (26%) infants. Autopsies were done on 69 (85%) of the 81 infants who died; 22 (32%) infants were found to have thrombi in an iliac artery, which spread in ten (15%) to the aorta. It was concluded that the intravascular electrode usually functioned satisfactorily and that the incidence of complications was no higher than that reported with ordinary umbilical artery catheters. Improvements in the performance of the catheter-tip electrode would be expected if structural causes for failure were eliminated and if means to reduce the incidence of clot formation around the catheter and electrode could be found. It is believed that intravascular electrodes cannot be replaced by skin electrodes For the initial management of severe respiratory illnesses.
Effect of Electrode Temperature and in Vivo Calibration on Accuracy of Transcutaneous Estimation of Arterial Oxygen Tension in Infants
Melanie J. Pollitzer, Michelle D. Whitehead, E. Osmund R. Reynolds, David Delpy
Previous studies showed that a skin oxygen electrode with a macrocathode, when heated to 43 C, underestimated arterial oxygen tension (Pao2). At 44 C the skin was damaged. The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the macrocathode electrode when set at 43.5 C. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) recorded by the macrocathode electrode at 43.5 C was compared with Pao2 measured continuously with an intravascular oxygen electrode, and with tcPo2 recorded by a microcathode electrode which has been shown earlier to work well at a temperature of 44 C. Both the skin electrodes were calibrated in vitro and in vivo. Particular attention was given to the details of calibration. Twelve newborn infants with respiratory illnesses were studied, each for six hours. Transcutaneous Po2 recorded by both skin electrodes was found to estimate Pao2 resonably accurately for the entire six-hour duration of the study, with the exception of a large and unexplained overestimation of Pao2 by the macrocathode electrode in one infant. This overestimation was corrected by in vivo calibration. Serious skin lesions were not seen after the skin electrodes were removed. We conclude that (1) The temperature setting of skin electrodes is crucial to their satisfactory performance. (2) For use on newborn infants, 43.5 C is the optimal temperature for the macrocathode electrode. (3) The optimal temperature for the microcathode electrode was confirmed as 44 C. (4) At these temperatures, both electrodes could be left on the same site on the skin for six hours. (5) Periodic in vivo calibration of skin electrodes is advisable.
Effect of Supine and Prone Positions on Arterial Oxygen Tension in the Preterm Infant
Richard J. Martin, Nancy Herrell, Dov Rubin, Avroy Fanaroff
To determine the optimal position for the preterm infant, arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) was monitored in 16 preterm infants by the transcutaneous method with the infants in both supine and prone positions. When the infants were prone, Pao2 rose by a mean of 7.4 mm Hg (P < .001), an increase of 15%. In those infants with residual cardiopulmonary disease, a 25% increase was noted. The higher Pao2 in the prone position was accompanied by a significant decrease in the amount of time the chest wall moved asynchronously. This improved oxygenation in the prone position appears to be the result of enhanced ventilation/ perfusion ratios and not merely secondary to an alteration in sleep state with positioning of the infant. These findings may have important implications in the management of preterm infants requiring neonatal intensive care.
Comparison of Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension With Arterial Oxygen Tension in Newborn Infants With Severe Respiratory Illnesses
Peter N. le Souëf, Andrew K. Morgan, Linda P. Soutter, E. Osmund R. Reynolds, Dawood Parker
Transcutaneous oxygen tesion (tcPO2), measured by two skin electrodes of different design, and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), measured by an intravascular oxygen electrode, were continuously recorded for periods of six hours in 15 newborn infants with serious respiratory illnesses. Ten of the infants needed mechanical ventilation and three needed continuous positive airway pressure. One skin electrode had three microcathodes surrounded by a heated ring-shaped anode, and the other had a large heated cathode. The temperature of both electrodes was set at 44°C and they were calibrated in vitro. The tcPO2 recorded by the electrode with the microcathodes was found to estimate PaO2 reasonably accurately for the whole six-hour duration of the study. The tcPO2 recorded by the electrode with the large cathode gave a similar estimate of PaO2. for three hours, but then tcPO2. often fell relative to PaO2. This fall was probably caused by skin changes at the electrode site. For a variety of reasons, our results suggest that measurement of tcPO2. is unlikely to replace continuous intravascular measurement of PaO2. in infants with severe respiratory illnesses.
Neonatal Radial Artery Puncture: A Teaching Simulator
Richard L. Schreiner, Edwin L. Gresham, Craig G. Gosling, Marilyn B. Escobedo
Pediatrics (1977) 59 (6): 1054–1056.
Respiratory diseases of the newborn continue to be major contributors to neonatal mortality and morbidity. When caring for a sick newborn who requires supplemental oxygen or when evaluating an infant with cyanosis, it is imperative to determine the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) to prevent the damage that may result from either hypoxia or hyperoxia. See image in the PDF file The technical difficulties encountered when monitoring arterial blood gases in newborns, especially in small premature infants, are well known. Possible sites of blood sampling include: (1) radial, brachial, temporal, dorsal pedal, and posterior tibial arteries; (2) umbilical arteries; and (3) capillaries ("arterialized"). "Capillary" or "arterialized" samples are satisfactory for determination of PCO2 and pH but are probably inadequate for accurate PO2 values.
Effects of Acutely Increasing Systemic Vascular Resistance on Oxygen Tension in Tetralogy of Fallot
Dov B. Nudel, Michael A. Berman, Norman S. Talner
Effects of phenylephrine hydrochloride on the degree of hypoxia were studied in six cyanotic patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Baseline aortic and right atrial oxygen saturations, blood gas tensions, pH, and indicator-dilution curves were obtained under stable conditions. Phenylephrine was infused while systemic arterial pressure was monitored continuously. Aortic and right atrial blood samples were measured at each 10 mm Hg systolic pressure increment and decrement and analyzed for pH, Po2, Pco2, and oxygen saturation. A 40 mm Hg peak systolic aortic pressure rise was the arbitrary end point for phenylephrine infusion and the indicator-dilution curve repeated. Aortic oxygen tensions rose in all from 4 to 28 mm Hg (mean, 14 mm Hg). The net right-to-left shunt decreased from 10% to 40% (mean, 25%) with phenylephrine infusion as compared to the shunt under basal conditions. The presumed mechanism related to the increase in systemic vascular resistance relative to right ventricular outflow obstruction with resultant augmentation of pulmonary blood flow. It is concluded that acutely raising systemic vascular resistance in patients with tetralogy of Fallot using phenylephrine infusion has a beneficial effect on systemic arterial oxygen level and might be the medical treatment of choice for protracted hypoxic spells.
With the lowering of mortality rates and improved survival, particularly in the smallest infants, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the risk of developing retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) is still a serious problem. This is true even in the most advanced newborn intensive care units where the administration of oxygen is strictly controlled by means of serial measurement of arterial oxygen tension. Indeed, there is evidence that any concentration of oxygen in excess of that in air is associated with the risk of developing RLF. The identification of oxygen as a major factor causing the development of RLF greatly reduced the impetus for additional research in RLF after 1956. However, today we realize there are still many unresolved problems, and the need for further research in this field is essential. There has also been an increase in public discussion of and interest in this disease because of new litigation concerning cases originating as far back as 1949. Patients and physicians are both uncertain about what actually occurred with respect to the evolution of new information concerning the use of oxygen and the development of RLF. To recreate the sequence of events, the Committee on Fetus and Newborn of the American Academy of Pediatrics has endeavored to present the facts largely through the writings of those who participated in the search for a solution to RLF, and to trace the important steps that led to the discovery of the major cause of this puzzling disease. In recreating events, attention has been paid to the historical background of modern premature care (particularly the use of oxygen), the practice of medicine when oxygen was first used on premature infants in the light of current knowledge, and the process of dissemination of new information.


text:
La chiesa di San Severo si trova a Perugia, in piazza Raffaello di Porta Sole, sulla parte più alta della città (m. 493).

Storia
L'edificio attuale risale al 1758, quando venne costruito in adiacenza alla più antica chiesa camaldolese, oggi sotto il convento. Questa chiesa antica, fondata all'epoca di san Romualdo, aveva piccole absidi e una nicchia cuspidata i cui resti sono visibili nell'ex-convento.

Secondo la tradizione la chiesetta primitiva era stata eretta su di un tempio pagano dedicato al dio Sole, da cui deriverebbe il nome del rione.
Tra i secoli XIII e XVI (fino al 1520) la chiesa fu membro manuale del monastero camaldolese di Sansepolcro.
La chiesa venne riedificata una prima volta nel XV secolo ed era a tre campate. Sul secondo altare a sinistra si trovava l'affresco della Trinità e santi di Raffaello e Perugino (1505-1521), che oggi si trova isolato in un vano rettangolare attiguo alla chiesa.

Descrizione
L'interno, in stile neoclassico, conserva alcune pregevoli opere d'arte: nel braccio destro del transetto Cristo in gloria di Francesco Appiani, sull'altare maggiore la Madonna col Bambino e santi (1632) di Stefano Amadei.

Note

Bibliografia
AA.VV., Umbria ("Guida rossa"), Touring Club editore, Milano 1999. ISBN 88-365-1337-9

Voci correlate
Cappella di San Severo

Altri progetti

Severo
Perugia
Severo


text:
Online Internship Opportunity at CSRIPR, NUSRL, Ranchi in IPR [Feb 1-28, 25 Positions]: Apply by Jan 20
CSRIPR of NUSRL Ranchi is inviting applications for an online internship opportunity for law students, in Intellectual Property Law. The internship will commence from February 1, 2022 in a virtual mode.
About NUSRL, Ranchi
National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL), Ranchi has been established to further the cause of legal education in its manifold spheres of knowledge, development and dissemination; coupled with the capacity building of state and non state institutions; specializing in relevant legal technological interrelationship and above all strengthening the legal system at all levels.
Student-centred legal education with global perspectives; preparing students as future legal professionals in law practice, academic and public policy are going to be the mainstay of this University. It is well known that for the purpose of social, economic and political betterment of a nation, the legal system plays a cardinal role and as such better legal education would be the core principle of the University.
About the CSRIPR
This Centre is founded in response to an escalating need felt by scientists, lawyers, technologists and companies. The object was, and still is, to gain a thoughtful knowledge in patent, trademarks, design and copyright law.
More in meticulous the CSRIPR wishes to gain a better insight and glimpse into new and evolving areas of intellectual property law (such as the protection of software, semi-conductor products and biotechnological inventions, standardisation and technology transfers) and the general problems of patents, trademarks, designs and copyright.
To concertize these objects the CSRIPR will organize a manifold of activities on an interdisciplinary level. These activities include fundamental research, the gathering of documentation, organizing conferences and scientific service to the community.
About the Internship
This internship will revolve around one month during the course of which students will be required to research upon nuances of Intellectual property law and other related fields in this realm. The students will be allotted one domain from IPR, as per their interest, which can be:
Trademark & GI
Trade Secrets & Undisclosed Information
The internship is purely research-oriented and drafting centric, revolving around the realm of Intellectual Property Rights concerns and shall be conducted virtually as a work from home initiative. During the course of the Internship, the interns will be required to prepare 3 well-researched articles on the topic assigned to them and submit it within the specified deadlines.
Applicants for this internship should be either pursuing their Undergraduate or Postgraduate Legal studies in a College/University recognized by the Bar Council of India or any other institution of prominence within India or Abroad.
Number of Interns Required
Duration of Internship
February 1, 2022, to February 28, 2022 (4 Weeks)
Relevant Dates
Last Date of Application for Internship: January 20, 2022
Notification of Shortlisted Candidates: January 24, 2022
Submission of 3 Topics by shortlisted Candidates: January 25, 2022
Interview of Shortlisted Candidates: January 26-28, 2022
Notification of selected Interns: January 29, 2022
Commencement of Internship: February 1, 2022
End of Internship: February 28, 2022
Click on the link given at the end of this post to apply for the internship.
Selections will be made on the basis of merit.
In case of any difficulty in submitting the application, reach out to us at csripr@nusrlranchi.ac.in or kindly contact to:
Student Co-ordinators
Mr. Harshal Bhale: (+91) 6200557528
Mr. Pritesh Raj: (+91) 84209 74946
Click here to apply for the CSRIPR internship.
Disclaimer: We try to ensure that the information we post on Lawctopus is accurate. However, despite our best efforts, some of the content may contain errors. You can trust us, but please conduct your own checks too.
Source: Lawctopus
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text:
Lapua ( Lappo) je město ve Finsku. Má rozlohu 752 km² a žije v něm  obyvatel, z toho 99 % tvoří Finové. Lapua leží v kraji Jižní Pohjanmaa na soutoku řek Lapuanjoki a Nurmonjoki.

První záznamy o místním osídlení pocházejí ze 14. století, obec Lapua byla založena v roce 1865 a v roce 1977 získala městská práva. Působil zde známý probuzenecký kazatel Niilo Kustaa Malmberg. Lapua je sídlem luteránské diecéze a nachází se zde katedrála, postavená v roce 1827 podle projektu Carla Ludwiga Engela.

Za finské války zde 14. července 1808 proběhla bitva u Lapuy. V roce 1929 bylo částí místních obyvatel založeno krajně pravicové Lapuaské hnutí (Lapuan liike), které se roku 1932 pokusilo o státní převrat a bylo postaveno mimo zákon.

Největším průmyslovým podnikem ve městě je výrobce munice Nammo Lapua, založený v roce 1927. V továrně došlo 13. dubna 1976 k největší průmyslové katastrofě finských dějin, když si exploze střelného prachu vyžádala čtyřicet lidských životů.

Město hostí každoročně na přelomu července a srpna hudební festival Vanhan Paukun.

Narodila se zde první finská předsedkyně vlády Anneli Jäätteenmäkiová.

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Oficiální stránky

Města ve Finsku
Jižní Pohjanmaa


Chandigarh will be developed as a solar city in near future, Punjab governor and UT administrator Shivraj Patil said at the 66th Independence Day celebrations organised at the Parade Ground in Sector 17 on Wednesday.
Addressing the gathering, Patil said there was a need to tap the solar energy in the city beautiful -- the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana -- and that the government and private builders would be encouraged to do so.
A cultural programme with tableaux displaying various aspects of the city and a parade were organised to mark the day.