Brewing beer in your home can be as simple, or as complicated, as you want to make it. Here, we're going to present the simple way. There is a lot of science you can get into, but we're going to skip a lot of that as there are a lot of people who can tell you about it a lot better than we can. And they have books out (John Palmer's How to Brew (online), and Charlie Papazian's The Complete Joy of Homebrewing). We'd recommend reading these books at some point. You'll learn a lot about why everything happens, how brewing really works and just a lot more in-depth information. If you want to make this a serious hobby, those are two can't miss books.
In this article, though, we're going to run through step-by-step how to brew in a small kitchen setting. We know many of you live in apartments (we do), and we've heard too many people say they can't brew because of this. You can! We know this, because we do it. We'll show you how to go about brewing your first batch. Plus, we're including pictures to really show you how it's done. So, let's get brewing!
Smoked Beer Can Chicken recipe by Devon at Drink Craft Beerk (and more food recipes here).
Previously: "But really, if you can make tea, then you can make beer."
My last batch was an imperial IPA and I brewed, fermented, and bottled it in a tiny apartment kitchen with an electric stove (which makes boilovers harder to deal with)... I've never heard anyone say they don't brew because the kitchen is too small, just saying. Nice post, though, I love anything that makes home brewing more accessible.
Couple of interesting things in this.
1) They go straight to an all-grain mash; no warm-up "just use premade extract" version. Extract just gets a brief mention or two.
2) They suggest using an outdoor burner, and I've always wondered about why people suggest it, because when I've tried brewing outdoors it takes LONGER. There's always breeze, and there's a giant 5-gallon stock pot for it to wick away all the heat, even with a lid on. What crazy burners are people using for this? Are they doing it southern California on a no-wind day? Baffling.
3) I like* how detailed the fermentation step is, where it talks about how you need to keep it in a dark, temperature-stable place, and how important that is to the kind of beer you're making.
In addition to the classic books mentioned in the OP, I also have a copy of Radical Brewing by Randy Mosher on my shelf. It's a damn good read for someone who is into the hobby and wants to experiment a bit or has a historical bent.
I can make tea in 3-5 minutes. Brewing beer is a much larger time commitment than going to grocery store and picking up a 6-pack of something I know I'll enjoy.
Brewing your own beer requires a financial investment as well, might as well mention that. But I don't think tea analogy meant *time*, I think it was to demystify the process and say, "hey, thisi s actually more simple than you would expect" and to build confidence.
What crazy burners are people using for this?
People typically use the big propane burners that you'd use for a turkey fryer or for doing a crab/shrimp boil. They're very high output and will go through a 20-lb tank of propane in a couple of hours if you run them full bore.
E.g. ones like this or this. The key phrase to search for is "banjo burner" or "banjo cooker".
My carboys double as coat racks. It's a win/win, keeps the sunlight out, and when I've consumed a good amount of brew I can put a hat on the top and giggle at the little beer man.
Back in the day (i.e.pre-Papazian) the go-to tome for brewers was Dave Line's Big Book of Brewing. A really good, informative read, that I think all home brewers should have.
I brewed beer while living in an apartment, and it came out wonderfully. I used canned malt extract, which eliminates all the most difficult parts.
If you want to do your own malting, on the other hand, then it's going to be very complex.
We did 5 gallon batches, and it wasn't necessary to boil all 5 gallons. We'd do about 1 gallon in a big pot, with all the malt and the hops, and when it was adequately brewed we put it in our primary fermenter and filled it up with water to make 5 gallons.
I don't drink any more, but if I did I'd still be brewing.
I love to brew, but with so many great craft beers available in the Twin Cities these days, it's hard to justify drinking that much beer.
Brewing your own beer requires a financial investment as well, might as well mention that.
The financial investment is tiny though, I spent like $100 4 years ago and have made hundreds of gallons of beer (in my crappy, tiny apartment kitchen) with the same basic kit. I can't boil enough water on my terrible electric stove to do a normal sized batch of all grain so I just stick to extract/partial mash. I have friends who do the outdoor propane burner all grain ultra complicated thing who have spent tons of money on their gear, but when we do blind taste tests my extract brews generally come out on top. I mean I like the nerdy stuff too, just the logistics and time investment is too much for me in my apartment.
It depends on what kind of beer you're into, but I generally brew Belgians so it's like $25-40 of ingredients per batch for the kinds of beers that sell for $10-20+/bottle.
I give away a lot of beer and people are always like "This is really good, brewing must be hard!". Umm no, I invite some friends over and we get really drunk and listen to metal while we wait for things to boil. That's about all there is too it.
I'm surprised that people still suggest five gallon batches for beginners/people in apartments. I brew 2.5 gallon batches, and I'm thrilled with it - it makes all grain a lot easier and cheaper since you can do brew-in-a-bag, boils faster, uses less space (though this is kind of moot for me since I have 2 2.5 gallon fermenters). It also involves less financial investment and if your beer turns out bad you're stuck with way less.
Why is 5 gallons the standard homebrew size? I've stopped brewing because I've gotten tired of the commitment to drinking that much of the same beer; even if it's a very good beer (and I've made one very good beer at least) I find I get sick of it before I'm done and on to the next, not to mention the work of storing that much beer (and that many empties).
When next I have a job, I plan to downsize my brewing equipment to 2.5 gallon batches and see if that's a better fit for my lifestyle; I confess I was kind of hoping this article would be about that.
Apartment dwellers (and people who currently brew beer and enjoy experimenting with weird styles and stuff, and people who don't currently brew beer and are interested in a low-cost entry point) might also like the one-gallon batch. Brooklyn Brew Shop sells a kit.
Why is 5 gallons the standard homebrew size?
Possibly because of the easy availability of 5 gallon carboys. Back in the Carter administration days the office bottle water cooler used glass containers that more than likely found their way to the home of more than a few home-brewers.
I personally do not get the appeal of all-grain brewing. There's a lot of extra steps involved, and the finished product is a lot less likely to have the exact amount of sugar and whatnot that you want for your recipe. Given how many other ways there are to customize a recipe with different hops, specialty grains, yeast and other additives, I have never felt like I was limiting myself by sticking with extract for the malt. I've upgraded a lot of aspects of my homebrew process but that's one that I don't really consider an upgrade.
Also the tip that I would give to beginners that pretty much no one ever mentions is to use FermCap-S. It costs next to nothing to buy enough for a huge number of batches, and since I started using it I've had next to no problems with boil-overs or blow-offs. The other tip would be to use plastic instead of glass for a fermentation vessel although there are more trade-offs involved with that choice.
I found out this weekend that I made my first batch of undrinkable beer, after four successful batches. I put cinnamon into the beer along with the bittering hops, choosing to not look at a recipe for adding cinnamon flavors. The resulting batch tastes like medicine. Its really sad. Hopefully my 1st IPA comes out all right. I'm bottling it tonight or tomorrow.
Home brewing of beer is closely aligned with the home fermentation of wine, which had been going on for ages before home brewing beer was legalized. Wine makers came to use 5-gallon carboys, as they were pretty easy to "find" in most offices.
When Papazian's book first came out it wasn't long after the days of nothing but Blue Ribbon malt and bags of "hops" that could be any variety and were probably leftover from Prohibition. We were lucky to have two homebrew shops in the area (that had started with winemaking) and thus only had to resort to mailorder for oddball stuff.
Now the variety of malt extracts and grains available are simply mind-boggling - I recently brewed a batch with hops from New Zealand(!). We truly live in a golden age.
Thorzdad, plastic is signficantly lighter than glass. A 5 gallon batch weighs over 40 lbs. on its own and the heavy glass carboy just makes it even worse. Plus if you drop a plastic carboy, it won't shatter and potentially injure you in the process.
The downside to plastic is that it can scratch and those scratches can harbor bacteria that are hard to kill. The wrong ones can turn a batch of beer into vinegar or worse.
I'm getting to the point where I'm considering going to plastic myself, just because it's getting harder over the years to haul a full carboy around.
I just got TIPS certified in order to clear the very, very low hurdle towards hosting a beer tasting event in my library. Our function room actually has a small kitchen attached, so if this takes off, I'm hoping to do a Brewbrary Day. At the very least, it'll let me use my brewing kit that's been gathering dust since my kid was born.
Hoping to get a chance to brew at least one 5-gallon batch this winter. I've still got half a dozen cases of 16 oz. heavy duty refillable bottles that I bought full of beer a quarter century ago and used for homebrew many times.
You used to be able to buy cases of beer in heavy 16 oz bottles in a case made from heavy-duty wax-coated cardboard. A case of Straub pounders would set you back about $8 + $1.50 for the deposit. They were a great source for cheap homebrew bottles once you finished off the cheap domestic beer that came in the bottles and steamed the labels off.
Mostly for the same sorts of reasons why every other type of beverage container is not made out of glass. But specifically for something like a 5 gallon carboy, a carboy full of liquid is very heavy, and even if you buy handles or use a milk crate or whatever they are a pain to move around. Added to that, if you ever drop one from a decent height, there's a good chance it will shatter into a bunch of really dangerous giant glass shards that can severely injure you. The one major downside of plastic is that it's easy to get scratches that can be homes for bacteria.
furnace.heart in the previous thread strongly advocated 1-gallon all-grain batches and the book "Beer Craft": link to comment.
We in Canada are blessed with liquid wort kits. With these, all you have to do is add yeast. Of course, you can add other stuff to your heart's content. I understand however, that the companies that make these kits might be facing difficulty due to the popularity of brew-on-premises operations.
In a way, it is hard to justify home brewing now that there are so many great commercial beers that are readily available. It is really hard to come up with something at home that isn't out there somewhere. One open frontier is the domain of low alcohol beers. It is actually quite tricky to make a great beer at the 2%-4% range.
One open frontier is the domain of low alcohol beers. It is actually quite tricky to make a great beer at the 2%-4% range.
Indeed. I would love to find a good small beer recipe. I've given up on soda at lunchtime, and besides mineral/seltzer water there isn't a great alternative soft drink that isn't loaded with sugar or some other undesirable ingredient.
Possibly because of the easy availability of 5 gallon carboys.
Also gravity (no I don't mean ABV). Try picking up a container, glass or plastic, containing 5 gallons of water. Now imagine that you were trying to lift said container onto a [flimsy? I hope not] table while not disturbing the sediment buildup in the bottom too much.
I'd be curious to see any other law regulating batch size. Having lived and brewed in Alabama while it was illegal on the state side made things... interesting at times and mundane at others. On reread of the comments I swore someone said something about the legality of batch size, but I'm not seeing it now... oh well.
I would love to find a good small beer recipe.
I've started experimenting with brown malt. It doesn't convert itself, ie. when mashed by itself, the wort will not have any sugar, and thus no food for the yeast to convert into alcohol. You do get a tasty, malty flavour from this wort which you can add to regular pale ale wort to bring down the alcohol content without watering down important flavour components.
I was under the impression that fermenting at temperatures about 68F would result in off-flavors, which is why I haven't tried it since I moved to New Orleans. Was I mis-informed or is this article just assuming that if it's cheap, you'll drink it anyway.
I would love to find a good small beer recipe. I've given up on soda at lunchtime, and besides mineral/seltzer water there isn't a great alternative soft drink that isn't loaded with sugar or some other undesirable ingredient.
I guess this depends on whether you like sours or not, but Berliner Weisse. If the sour is too much you can pour it with a bit of syrup as is traditional. I had my partner bring back a bottle of fluorescent green waldmeister syrup from Germany but a local bar here was doing it with a hibiscus syrup they made. Ingredients wise it's very simple so it's cheap to make a batch.
Depends on the yeast, if I were you I would brew saisons which are notoriously finnicky yeasts. Traditionally they were fermented in the hot months, here in the mild bay area I have to heat my carboys when doing saisons or the yeast will stall out.
Brewing beer is a much larger time commitment than going to grocery store and picking up a 6-pack of something I know I'll enjoy.
Learning a new skill and sharing it's fruitful results is a much more deeply satisfying and joyful experience than than paying a middle man to procure some industrially manufactured product, heavily marketed for my mindless consumption.
1. For sparging, I bought a picnic cooler (hint: shortly after labor day in the US they are CHEAP) and pulled the spigot and replaced it with a stopper with a copper tube with one end crimped and slits cut into it on the inside. This acts as a grain filter and took all of 20 minutes to make with a pair of pliers and Dremel tool (hacksaw would work too).
2. For chilling the wort, I put freeze a gallon of water ahead of time and put it in my fermenter. I pour the wort over that, top up to 5 gallons and stir to aerate. Time to fermenting temperature: 5 minutes and uses way less water than the bathtub method.
No matter what you do, if you have an electric stove, buy a stock pot with as heavy a bottom as possible to prevent burning (I have a gas stove and a cheaper pot and have a little burning if I'm not careful. If I upgrade anything, it would be the pot).
Thorzdad: Northern Brewer's 1-gallon kits.
BLESS YOU! You just wrote my Christmas list for me, a hundred days out. w00t!
In a way, it is hard to justify home brewing now that there are so many great commercial beers that are readily available. It is really hard to come up with something at home that isn't out there somewhere.
I disagree heartily with this statement. I started brewing because I was having such a time finding things to my taste. It is so much easier to brew a Wiezenbock than it is to find one for starters, secondly I've been adding local california herbs and spices to my beers and ciders. I really want to brew a beer out of mountain oat and a few other native grasses.
To me homebrewing is like making spaghetti. Sure you can get some tasty stuff from a restaurant, but you can make your own to your taste easily.
Ignorant question: does brewing one of those one-gallon kits from extract smell?
Oh, for sure. That's why I do it. I just wonder if I would have started homebrewing if the commercial beer selection was as good then as now. Believe me, I'm glad I do it and will not stop. But I'm no longer just trying to do better than the mass market lagers. I'm actually trying to compete with the best beers in the world. Fun, challenging.
No Worries Mr No Robots!
As an answer to your question, I'm a fairly recent brewer, as in the last 6 months. I've been working with The Flavor Bible to try and accent the flavors in my brews with adjuncts. I've been met with some great success, and my failures have been decently palatable (Making a coffee porter doesn't require a lot of coffee, to fix serve with a shot of Bailey's).
As someone who has done some homebrewing but isn't really interested in it anymore, I always thought the "if you like craft beer, you should homebrew" argument doesn't hold much water. It's like me saying, "if you like well-crafted hats and scarves and sweaters, you should knit" just because I like to knit.
There are tons of rewarding things about both homebrewing and knitting (and a lot of similarities in terms of being easy to start simple and get more complex/creative, as well as the time it takes to get to the finished product) but I don't consider someone to be missing out on the joys of well-made hats if he prefers to purchase ones made by others rather than pick up the needles himself.
I recommend this joker's books - No affliation except a deeply personal one.
I'm not sure I would ever bother to do a 1 gallon batch unless it was for some experiment. For all the effort of brewing, I want the full two cases of beer out of it.
Small batches can be fun; I tried brewing cider in a pumpkin (unsuccessful) and in a bottle of apple juice I left at work over a weekend after accidentally inoculating it with yeast from some homebrew we were drinking (it measured in at 3% ABV, and turned out sparkling since we left the cap closed).
I went from a two story house-- room enough for my husband to make wine and for me to make beer--to a maybe 1000 sq ft apartment (though I suspect that's being generous). We sold or gave away all our brewing gear because we simply could not find room in the new place. I got to keep my kombucha making stuff because it's more compact--except for the 16 pop top bottles I use to bottle anything I make.
Believe me, if I had room to brew beer again I would be doing so, but there's no room at the inn currently.
I am not an expert brewmaster, but I wonder if the extract in your kit might have spoiled. My friends and I have been brewing various things for about a year, and everything we've done has smelled absolutely delicious, like baking bread. I've heard things about the homebrew culture of 20+ years ago that suggest that the freshness of certain supplies was occasionally a bit suspect.
I am drinking a pint of my homebrewed Extra Pale Ale right now, have a concord grape wine and a kombucha fermenting in my laundry room, and a sour cherry wine aging in my 'cellar' (actually an unfinished and uninsulated closet). I plan to start an Oktoberfest this Saturday.
I really highly recommend brewing for pretty much anyone. It's such a fun and low-cost hobby. I also recommend going straight to all-grain if you're doing bear. I mean, if your going to use extract, I feel like you might as well just ferment sugar water (but, by all means, try fermenting sugar water. It's fun!).
Oh, and for the price conscious (and the dedicated drinkers), I 'd like to point out that, after about $100 investment in equipment, it's now costing me about $1 to make a bottle of wine (plus ~4 hours of my time for a 20 bottle batch), and even less for the beer.
And for that matter, knowing what I know now, if I was looking to start a new homebrew operation on a budget I think I could get buy with about $15 in equipment (provided you already have a stove and a pot).
I brew using extract/partial boil in 5 gallon batches using an electric stove, in a small kitchen. It has been nothing short of very tasty, every time. I might try all-grain mash now, using this article as guidance.
Nope. I've been working at breweries in San Diego for five years, and the vast majority of beers we make down here are fermented at exactly 68 degrees F. Lagers will be cooler, some Belgians a little warmer, but 68 is the sweet spot for the vast majority of ale yeasts.
Used to homebrew before I started working at a brewery. Sold everything last year. The last thing you want to do after work is more of the same. Now cheese and sausage making, on the other hand.... I don't know why those haven't caught on as much as homebrewing.
I'm an all-grain brewer (and I kicked off my first 100% Brett batch last weekend, so I'm way down the rabbit hole) but I think it's only worth doing if you really enjoy the hobby. Extract is super easy though, so it's worth a shot if you're interested at all in trying it.
2. It's basically the same amount of work to brew 5 gallons as 2.5 gallons, might as well do as much as you can with your equipment.
Do all of you who think 5g is too much brew alone? I pretty much always brew with a partner, we take turns buying ingredients and split all the batches. If I do a batch by myself I just give it away or show up to a barbeque with a case, everyone loves beer.
Five gallons is only two cases and the beer lasts for months. I usually buy at least a case a month for my own consumption anyway.
I'm just starting to look into home brewing, and for anyone else looking to start, check out your local brick and mortar home brew store. My local store is run by an older couple, probably semiretired. They have kits for both hardware and ingredients, and are extremely friendly and helpful.
The big thing they told me is that they offer in store brewing. I can buy the ingredients and bottles, and use their equipment, and they will even help me with it. I think that's awesome, as it is going to let me do my first home brew project for about $60 and get 48 bottles of beer out of it.
I'm told most local brew shops are pretty similar, guys who took the next step in their own hobby.
burnmp3s: "I personally do not get the appeal of all-grain brewing. There's a lot of extra steps involved, and the finished product is a lot less likely to have the exact amount of sugar and whatnot that you want for your recipe. "
Yes, all grain takes longer and requires more equipment, but it actually gives more control than extract brewing. Extracts seem to vary quite a bit in fermentability, but by controlling mash temperature the brewer can make the finished beer more or less sweet (dry) as desired, instead of guessing what the extract manufacturer did (or figuring it out and then religiously buying the same type and hope they don't change their process). It also seems impossible to make a very pale beer as the extract is inevitably darkened somewhat in manufacturing. Then there is the whole thing about having to use fresh extract, as it spoils more quickly than malt.
A huge benefit if you brew much is that all-grain can be much cheaper in the long run. I buy malt by the sack for as low as around $35 for 50 pounds, and that makes a lot of beer.
ok this is really cool! Can anyone point me in the direction of a guide specifically about ciders? That is my drink par excellence, and with cider season right around the corner, I am excited!
Rebent - depends on what approach you want to take. I wrote the Everything Hard Cider book last year with the point of view of helping folks make decent cider from commonly available ingredients. This is slightly different than the traditional tack that says "If you want good cider, you must start with good cider apples. In order to get good cider apples, you typically have to grow them because they're not commonly commercially available"
If you want a book that is more traditional in approach, I really appreciate Andrew Lea's no nonsense traditional approach. His is a very English-centric impression, but so are most of the ciders we drink in the US. The completist guide to everything world wide, but still very much in the "grow your own tress" model is The New Cider Maker's Handbook.
I've been doing this for a while, ever since I came across a copy of the Brooklyn BrewShop's "Beer Making Book". I don't drink much nowadays but *do* enjoy a good beer, and doing a gallon at a time has proved just right, and gives me room to experiment. I've so far got repeatable recipes for an IPA, a black IPA and a porter, and the black IPA is very close to BrewDog's Libertine.
Oh, and if you do all-grain brewing rather than use extract, don't throw the spent grain away: dry it in the oven and use it for baking.
Oh, for the interested but not *that* interested. Mead is the easiest thing out there to make into an alcoholic and enjoyable beverage. If you're looking for the lowest barrier of entry, a gallon recipe of that may well be it.
I give you my previous rant saying as much.
I was just pondering making a gallon batch of mead!
I've always wondered why the standard is 5 gallon batches. When I lived in a larger apartment I would brew 5 gallon batches on my fire escape fairly often, at least once every two to three weeks. Now that I'm in a smaller apartment with a tiny (seriously tiny) kitchen and no fire escape, I now do one gallon batches and I actually brew more often and have more beer than I did when I was brewing on the larger setup. I find brewing on the smaller setup easier. When I did 5 gallon brews I needed someone else to help me carry the keggle full of wort into the bathtub to chill, or help me untangle the garden hose to use the immersion chiller - now I just pick the pot up, turn around, and dunk it in a sink full of water all by myself. It's great!
the vast majority of beers we make down here are fermented at exactly 68 degrees F.
Arg, I just noticed that I type "about" instead of above. In CA I had a cellar that would consistently stay below 70F, at that worked fine. Here in NOLA the house temp ranges from 76-78, well _above_ 68F. That was my worry.


Unboxed Event notes: "Unstick your digital products"
Sales thinking: identify influencers, budget holders etc.
Stakeholders probably don't believe that you can deliver that much in that little time. Chip away at this by sharing what you're doing and how you're doing it.
When running agile: Make the work visible - extremely important: whole backlog on the wall. Makes it much easier to have a common understanding. Always carry whiteboard markers and post-its when in a non-agile environment (you won't find them there).
The trap of 100% utilisation: Can't move quickly. Grind to a halt.
Optimise 'batch size' - grouping together features for deploy. Small batches = responding to change more quickly. = fixing bugs more easily: if the problem is a result of code which was written recently, the devs have that conceptual stack in their head.
People used to think of environments like pets: they all had names. Today they're like cattle: set up when you need it, tear down when you're done.


BRAD HORN/Nevada Appeal Family members comfort each other early Friday morning at the accident scene where two men were killed in a rollover accident on Highway 50 in east Carson City.
Three people were killed in two separate accidents in Carson City late Thursday night and early Friday morning.
A head-on collision near the Lyon County line on Highway 50 in east Carson City on Friday claimed the lives of Michael Cantamessa, 29, of Mound House, and Richard Jones, 36, of Carson City.
According to Trooper Nick Nordyke, Cantamessa was westbound in a white Ford pickup about 5:50 a.m. when he lost control of his vehicle and traveled across the westbound and center turn lanes into the path of Jones, who was driving east in a Chrysler two-door convertible. Nordyke said the right side of the Ford struck the front of the Chrysler and overturned, ejecting Cantamessa. The truck came to rest in the center lane on its top. The Chrysler came to rest on the eastbound paved shoulder. Both vehicles were destroyed.
Cantamessa and Jones were pronounced dead at the scene. Nordyke said it didn't appear either man was wearing a seat belt.
Jones was on his way to work at American Ready-Mix in Mound House. It's unclear where Cantamessa was headed, Nordyke said.
The accident closed both eastbound lanes and one westbound lane, backing up traffic for more than two hours. Eastbound traffic was routed around the scene on a dirt shoulder.
Late Thursday night, a single-vehicle rollover on Goni Road claimed the life of David G. Chase of Carson City.
Trooper Chuck Allen said Chase was northbound on Goni Road in a 1997 Mercedes four-door sedan about 11:30 p.m. when he lost control in "slight right-hand curve," and his vehicle drifted off the left roadway edge and struck a cement culvert. Chase was ejected.
Allen said the accident happened not far from Chase's home. It appears he also was not wearing a seat belt.
"The Department of Public Safety would like to re-emphasize how important seat belts are. They often can reduce injuries as well as keep you restrained in your seat, especially in a rollover accident," Allen said.
He said most rollover accidents that result in fatalities are because the victim was ejected from the vehicle.
"Take two extra seconds to buckle up before driving and be sure your passengers are properly restrained. It may save a life," Allen said.


text:
Neoathripsodes anomalus är en nattsländeart som beskrevs av Ralph W. Holzenthal 1989. Neoathripsodes anomalus ingår i släktet Neoathripsodes och familjen långhornssländor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhornssländor
anomalus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As a little girl my aspirations were high. I was the oldest child of our family of 5 children. Mom and Dad were in ministry. We seemed to always be in church or someone else's revivals.
I loved going to church meetings and tent revivals. As a child I longed to be with the saints of God. God's Presence was everywhere as we sang the songs of worship and listened to the preaching. There is nothing like experiencing signs, wonders, healings, and the miracles of God right before your eyes.
I received Jesus into my heart at eight years old and the Baptism of the Holy Spirit with the evidence of my heavenly language at eleven. Even at this young age, all I desired was to experience Jesus and to tell others about Him.
On some Sunday afternoons I used to get my three sisters and one brother together and we would go upstairs to the attic of our house and "have church." I led the worship as well as I did the preaching. Each one was called on to sing or testify. After my preaching, I insisted they line up, be prayed for, and fall out in the Spirit. They would take turns catching one another. I smile, thinking about it today.
At the age of about twelve, our family was in a large tent revival where the gifts of God were moving, when I asked God to tell the preacher to come back and give me a message from Him. God did exactly that! We were sitting three-fourths of the way back, down the middle aisle of a tent filled with about 5,000 people. The preacher came walking down the aisle as if he were looking for someone. That someone happened to be me, a girl whose heart was after God.
As I grew up, I never lost my desire to be where God wanted me to be, doing what He wanted me to do; and the words of the prophet did come to pass, just as I was told.
I did go across the waters to preach the Gospel. Today God uses me like the men and women I used to watch, so desiring to be like them.
There is a time and season for everything, even a time for your dreams to come true. Never give up on your dreams and hold tightly to what you know God has said to you.
You are important to God. Your life counts, and He loves you!


text:
Iraq's Ongoing Fuel Crisis
by Robert Bryce
The ongoing war in Iraq will likely be won or lost based on the availability of one commodity: motor fuel.
For the moment, the U.S. military has all the fuel it needs–about three million gallons per day — to continue prosecuting the war in Iraq. The same cannot be said for Iraqi civilians. Indeed, the supply of motor fuel in Iraq remains highly precarious.
Evidence of that can be found by looking at the case of Lloyd-Owen International, a small American company which provides security for hundreds of gasoline tanker trucks hauling fuel from Kuwait into Iraq. For the past month, Lloyd-Owen has been facing a May 25 deadline. Effective today, according to the U.S. military, Lloyd-Owen was to be prevented from moving its fleet of tankers through a military checkpoint near Safwan on the Iraq-Kuwait border. Lloyd-Owen provides security for transporters who haul about 6 million liters of fuel per day to various locations in southern Iraq. That fuel is then distributed to service stations in the region for use by civilians.
Lloyd-Owen's trucks were to be barred from using the checkpoint under a new policy which said that only trucks working under contracts with the U.S. military will be allowed to use the military checkpoint. Lloyd-Owen's contract is with Iraq's Oil Marketing Company, known as SOMO, which has been buying fuel from the Kuwait Petroleum Company in order to meet domestic demand. Thus, even though Lloyd-Owen's work is directly related to the rebuilding and stabilization efforts in Iraq, its trucks would not be issued special badges by the U.S. military. And without those badges, their trucks would not be allowed to use the checkpoint.
On May 11, U.S. Rep. Henry Waxman (D-California) intervened on behalf of Lloyd-Owen and sent a letter to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld asking him to look into the matter. Waxman wrote that "in light of the potential consequences of a fuel shortage in Iraq, I would like an explanation for the new policy of the Defense Department." Waxman's office said they got a response from Rumsfeld's office but that it was "non-substantive." Then, about mid-day yesterday, May 24, just a few hours before the deadline, the Army suddenly rescinded its policy, and determined that Lloyd-Owen's trucks could use the military checkpoint until a "to be determined date."
Now, all of this could be excused as part of the bureaucratic mess that always accompanies military operations. But motor fuel is a critical commodity in Iraq. Without fuel, there is absolutely no chance that Iraq's economy can sustain itself. The Kuwaiti fuel is essential because output from Iraq's own refineries has been dramatically reduced or stopped altogether due to insurgent activity. Corruption within the Iraqi oil ministry is also causing a myriad of problems. That means that getting Kuwaiti fuel across the border must happen quickly in order to assure adequate supplies of fuel to Iraqi citizens. The CEO of Lloyd-Owen, Alan Waller, insists that his trucks must be allowed to use the military border crossing. The civilian checkpoint is not an option. "We tried sending four tankers," through the civilian crossing, Waller told me. "It took four days to get those tankers through." By comparison, according to Waller, the trucks going through the military checkpoint can get through in 16 minutes.
Waller's trucks are only meeting a fraction of the demand for motor fuel in Iraq. Normal gasoline demand is probably about 20 million liters per day. But consumption is constrained by instability and endemic corruption.
Fuel availability and logistics problems are an ongoing theme of the Second Iraq War. In northern Iraq, trucks carrying fuel and other supplies into the country from Turkey must cope with monstrous traffic jams at the border. Queues of trucks waiting to enter Iraq at the Habur Gate crossing are–this is not a typo–up to 20 miles long. U.S. Army logisticians are reporting that for one tanker truck (carrying military fuel) to make a complete round trip from Turkey to Iraq and back to Turkey takes up to 24 days.
In the first few months of the war, KBR, a division of Halliburton, was given the task of importing fuel from Kuwait into Iraq. Pentagon auditors later found that KBR was using huge markups on the fuel. In one case, KBR apparently charged the DOD $27.5 million to transport liquefied petroleum gas worth $82,100. From May 2003 through March 2004, KBR billed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers $875 million for supplying fuel into Iraq; Pentagon auditors later questioned $108 million of that amount. The Defense Department has since decided to pay Halliburton nearly all of the disputed amount.
LOI got the fuel delivery security contract (formerly held by KBR) in 2004. There have been no reported problems with LOI's management of the contract. Waller, who is a former member of the British army, says his company has accompanied some 46,000 truckloads into Iraq without the loss of a single truck. That's about 1.6 billion liters of fuel.
The problems in Iraq are not confined to refined products. Earlier this month, Platts Commodity News reported that some 60 million barrels of crude oil production in Iraq had gone missing. Platts estimated the value of the missing crude at $3 billion, and said that Iraq's oil production and export figures "consistently do not balance out when supply to refineries is deducted from the total."
The many opportunities for corruption have left ordinary Iraqis struggling to get the fuel they need. Earlier this week, I corresponded with an Iraqi who left Baghdad about three weeks ago and moved to Dubai. Ahmed Karrufa, who published a blog called Life in Baghdad, said fuel shortages have been constant since the U.S. invaded the country in 2003. In an e-mail, Karrufa wrote that last year,
"the government increased the prices of fuel dramatically, hoping that this will help, but instead, fuel lines remained hours long, and fuel prices in the black market jumped even higher. I don't know if you know this or not, but in Baghdad, there is what is called [the] odd/even traffic rule. That is, one day only cars with odd numbered registration plates are allowed, the other day, only cars with even numbered registration plates are allowed. This is also an attempt to reduce fuel shortage and the traffic jammed due to blocked roads.Each day in Iraq and specifically in Baghdad, is worse than the day before. This rule has been working for the past three years and there is nothing that hints that it is going to change soon."
It's not clear yet what will happen to Lloyd-Owen. If the U.S. military prevents its gasoline trucks from going through the military checkpoint, then Baghdad could be left with little or no motor fuel at all. And that will only help feed the ongoing unrest in the region. Furthermore, according to Waller, "There's more money in the black market now than ever before."
Many news reports from Iraq are saying that ordinary Iraqis must purchase fuel on the black market at prices that are several times that of the official government price. Of course, there are shortages of other energy as well. Electricity in Baghdad only functions for four hours per day.
Even though Lloyd-Owen got a reprieve, and its trucks can continue using the military checkpoint, there could still be a meltdown in Iraq's domestic fuel market. During a conference last month in Washington, D.C., U.S. Army officials working for the Defense Energy Support Center (the Pentagon agency that buys fuel for the military) said that SOMO "isn't paying their bills very well." That was confirmed by Waller, who said SOMO owes the trucking companies who transport the fuel $60 million; his own firm is owed some $2.7 million from the Iraqis.
Iraq recently installed a new government. And the Bush Administration continues to put a smiley face on the U.S. military's efforts in Iraq. But unless or until the U.S. can resolve the ongoing fuel supply issues in Iraq, don't expect much good news.
ROBERT BRYCE lives in Austin, Texas. He is the author of Cronies: Oil, the Bushes, and the Rise of Texas, America's Superstate. He can be reached at: robert@robertbryce.com
Robert Bryce will publish his fifth book, Smaller Faster Lighter Denser Cheaper: How Innovation Keeps Proving the Catastrophists Wrong.

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Slack Valued Over $20 Billion at Public Debut
Home /Ecosystem/Slack Valued Over $20 Billion at Public Debut
Vancouver-born Slack is off to a great start as a public company today as shares of the chat-based collaboration app are trading 50 percent above the initial price set by the company.
Slack shares started trading at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, well above Slack's "reference price" of $26. The reference price is part of the direct listing process and is based on recent private trades of the company stock.
The soaring stock traded above $40 for most of the day, pushing Slack's market value to over $20 billion.
Direct listings remove underwriters — intermediaries who facilitate the process through buying shares from the company and then selling them to the public. Instead, executives, employees and investors sell shares directly to the public via stock exchanges.
Music streaming heavyweight Spotify was the last big company to pursue a direct listing when it went public last year.
Unlike an IPO, Slack isn't raising additional cash through selling new shares. With more than $800 million in cash on-hand, Slack has a long runway and isn't in need of cash.
CB Insights has put together a chart showing the biggest winners of Slack's strong public debut and not surprisingly co-founder Stewart Butterfield made out just fine.
Slack's Biggest Winners – CB Insights
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Seidelman Follows Her Own Path
With `She-Devil,' director tackles a topic Hollywood has neglected: the politics of femininity. FILM: INTERVIEW
By David Sterritt Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
December 19, 1989 | NEW YORK
SUSAN SEIDELMAN knows all about New York women. She's one herself, and her movies have been full of them - from the offbeat ``Smithereens'' to the hit ``Desperately Seeking Susan,'' the recent ``Cookie,'' and the brand-new ``She-Devil,'' starring Roseanne Barr as a vengeful homemaker and Meryl Streep as a glamourous rival for her husband's affections. ``She-Devil'' had its world premi`ere in ``Projections of the New York Woman,'' an exhibition on-screen recently at the American Museum of the Moving Image here [see article at left]. Several women have invaded the male-dominated world of movie directing in recent years, and Ms. Seidelman is the most active and successful of them all. During a recent interview at the museum, I asked her if it is difficult to work in such a gender-skewed environment. In response, she pointed out that her position has always been a little removed from the filmmaking mainstream.
``I tend to be slightly outside the industry,'' she says. ``I choose to live in New York instead of Hollywood; so I don't have to play the game. I started out as an independent; in other words, I gave myself my own opportunity. I decided no one was going to hire me; [so] I'm not going to even waste my time knocking on doors. If I don't do it for myself, it's not going to happen. I didn't even attempt to try the `normal' route. I think a lot of women who have ended up being directors have gone a circuitous route, because - let's face it - most of the studios are still run by men.''
How can Seidelman claim to be an ``outsider'' when most of her films are full-scale Hollywood productions?
``I do get my funding from Hollywood studios,'' she admits, ``but I tend to see myself as riding that thin line: I am not really part of the system, but I can't pretend to be totally outside the system. ... I make only films I want to make. Thus far, I don't really consider myself a director for hire. I am not attached to a studio where they say, `You have got to do this movie.' So I still consider myself pretty independent.''
Why did she want to make ``She-Devil?''
``I actually think it's sort of a political film,'' she says of the comedy. ``That's what it's about, and [that's] the reason it was cast with two incredibly different types of women. It's really about the politics of femininity, and about how one's looks affect the kind of power that you have. There are certain ways a woman is supposed to look and behave. And I think that's an issue that hasn't been discussed much on film.''
Why has Hollywood dodged this subject?
``Most directors of films about women have been men,'' Seidelman answers. ``They have shown a very glamourized version of what women are like. The whole purpose of this movie is that one of the characters is very glamourous, and the other is very deglamourized. I think people are going to be surprised by the housewife character, the Roseanne Barr character, because she really is very different from a lot of the women we've seen on screen.''
This issue goes beyond films into real life, Seidelman adds. ``I was looking at a magazine article,'' she recalls. ``I think it was about Malcolm Forbes's birthday party. And I was struck by the number of couples where you see a successful, powerful, 60- or 70-year-old man with a beautiful 25-year-old model on his arm. So often, men are thought of in terms of power and success and money. But women are thought of, and valued, in terms of their physical appearance.''
Seidelman feels women have a different approach from men when it comes to depicting female characters. ``Women making movies about other women have a kind of insiders' point-of-view,'' she muses. ``It's a less romanticized point-of-view, because we know the flip side. When men make movies about women, they are often slightly romanticized. Also, women get the little details of womanhood.''
Have movies tended to help or hurt the progress of women in society? ``It would be hard to answer that,'' Seidelman says, ``but I do think they have reflected something about the journey that women have gone on over the past 30 years. When I think about movies of the '50s, the main concern seemed to be ..., if it was a career women, how is she going to snag a husband? The relationships between girlfriends in those films are often very competitive, fighting over some guy.''
By contrast, she continues, ``When you look at the films of the late '60s and early '70s, which reflect something about the women's movement, the protagonist had changed.'' The characters played by Diane Keaton in ``Annie Hall'' or Jill Clayburgh in ``An Unmarried Woman,'' for example, ``are a lot different from the Marilyn Monroe character of the '50s.
``Then, if you extend it to the '80s,'' Seidelman goes on, ``you have the working women, like Sigourney Weaver and Melanie Griffith, and that again says something about the time we're living in - where women are very much in the workplace and are very ambitious and are trying to figure out how to deal with a personal life and a professional life at the same time.''
These characters and movies notwithstanding, many people feel American society has become more traditional in recent years. How does this affect Seideleman's theory that things have been improving in films?
``The times we're living in have gotten a little more conservative,'' she acknowledges. ``In a way, the movies have reflected that, too. For example, `Working Girl' is probably a slightly more conservative movie than one like `A Woman Under the Influence''' (1974).
This doesn't stop her from putting a social and political subtext into her pictures, however. ``It certainly is there ... in all the movies I have made,'' she says with conviction. ``All have to do with a woman who comes from a certain milieu and is trying to break out of it. ... In each case, they come from an environment where they feel a little bit stifled, and by the end they've liberated themselves in some way. I have an optimistic view, definitely. [But] I think the issue of identity has been a theme in every movie I have made: Who am I, and how do I fit in?''
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https://www.csmonitor.com/1989/1219/lseid.html


Low-carbon efforts will deliver broader societal objectives if a multidisciplinary approach underpins the projects. On March 28th, I interviewed Subash Dhar, a Senior Economist from India who manages a low-carbon transport project in three Indian cities on behalf of UNEP Risø Center and in partnership with local and international institutions.
Meeting these broader societal objectives in developing countries is critical because of the need to improve the daily life of billions of people through improvements in transport and energy access as well as better quality of air, food and water. Our countries benefit from giving priority to low-carbon interventions that catalyze development for the benefit of the majority of citizens. Leave behind the narrow notion that a low-carbon project sole objective is to "reduce carbon".
Low-carbon transport efforts are a fertile area for combining social, economic and carbon mitigation objectives. In fact, exciting developments are underway. This interview distills the essence of this project and discusses its transformative potential given that there are around 100 cities of more than half million plus people in India that could replicate some of the lessons in transport planning and the mainstreaming of societal objectives.
Nivela: Tell us about this project?
Mr Subash Dhar: A key part of our work consists on helping prepare low carbon comprehensive mobility plans which include the analyzing business-as-usual trends in the demand for mobility in the future, the generation of alternative scenarios and the evaluation of whether these strategies help India meet its climate strategy.
We know that transport aggravates road congestion, local air pollution, noise and accidents, particularly in urban areas. In the case of India, the transport sector is the second largest contributor of CO2 emissions.
Udaipur, known as "City of Lakes," a major tourist destination.
The project links what India needs to do under the National Action Plan on Climate Changefor urban transport, which was released in 2009, and Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission which called for a renewal of transport system in 2005. In 2010, our low-carbon project was launched with the funding from the German Government's International Climate Initiative in consultation with the Government of India's Ministry of Urban Development, a variety of city authorities, local partners (including the Indian Institute of Management, Indian Institute of Technology and Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University (CEPT) University) UNEP in Nairobi and UNEP Risø Center.
Nivela: What is this project trying to do differently?
Mr Subash Dhar: One distinctive attribute of this project is the notion that mobility and planning objectives need to incorporate other goals such as improvements in equity, safety and environment. We promote a broader planning vision. In order to do this in practice, we have brought together professionals from different fields. That means combining expert views on transport planning, urban planning, social inclusion, gender, safety and climate change.This hybrid approach to problem solving can of course add complexity (experts tend to naturally prefer to stay within their own fields of expertise).But at the same time, the benefits for these cities will be bigger if we succeed with this multidisciplinary approach and provide low-carbon mobility solutions that are informed by social and gender realities that lead to strategies that do improve the lives of people in India, especially the poor.In order to inform our work, we did surveys and studied demographics and learned about key social and demographic trends.For example, the data revealed that women used far less public transport than men in India.. We also realized that traditional transport projects favor the building of roads by default neglecting the reality of pedestrians, bicycles and public spaces that can make huge positive impact on people. We have also analyzed data and trends regarding land uses in these cities and what that meant for low-carbon planning.
Nivela: What is the vision for scaling up this project?
Mr Subash Dhar: What is interesting is that we are conducting these projects in three very different city environments: a coastal, a industrial and touristic and therefore identifying insights that could be very helpful for other cities in India that are of similar size or attributes.We estimate that the three cities where we work could be a prototype for about 100 more cities in India.
Ultimately, the driver for scaling up these solutions to other parts of India is local ownership of these solutions. Local authorities and actors will need to own solutions.To the extent they are part of the process, seize the ideas and make them their own, the process of problem solving will be sustained in these cities and, hopefully, replicated in India.
We have founded very positive that the Ministry of Urban Development has integrated some of our solutions in their revised Toolkit for comprehensive mobility planning.
We ended the conversation with an invitation by Nivela.Org to hear more about these three projects and help diffuse the good stories outside India as examples of the power of collaboration in promoting development that works for people while reducing carbon.
Relevant publications by Subash Dhar include "Low carbon city: A guidebook for city planners and practitioners". For more publications click here.


In 2002 we published Before & After: Stories from New York; a collection of stories in two halves – the first taking place in the city before the 9/11 attacks, the second being comprised of testimonials from the day itself and its immediate aftermath. Recently, we asked for submissions for the site, to explore the evolution of emotions which surround the tragedy and the changes that New York City has experienced over the last decade.
We received many responses; here are a few.


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from Orbit of Darkness
Ian McMillan
Pripet Marshes, Northwest Ukraine, June 1944
Ivan Pomorenko sat on a dry hummock near the mosquito-netted entrance to the bunker. Earlier he heard heavy vehicles moving, probably German, and assumed that they were building a temporary road somewhere to the north of the bunker. The marsh water had receded, and Pomorenko would have to move their hideout further in. He heard another soft moan from the entrance, and laughed bitterly—the Germans were killing everyone now because the front line was moving west-ward toward them and they now had to finish everything before leaving. In the past week alone he had gone out on sorties looking for food and information and had found tortured corpses; women and children and old men with their faces blasted away, partisans hanging from trees with their mouths full of flies and shiny ravens perched on their shoulders. Such was what became of their endless speculating about Ukrainian independence, and now all that was left was to kill before being killed. Even politics meant nothing. Only killing meant something. As long as there were two people killing independently, then there was a sort of Ukrainian independence. And he thought, no, one person killing.
And then, almost as if it were a vision from some perfect, earlier life, he saw her again: the side of her head with her cheek mashed onto the stock of the Mauser, and he with the field glasses, preparing to watch what seemed to him some cryptic scientific experiment, or some act of magic. A year ago, when she was sixteen, a year and a half. There was no sharp-shooter anyone knew or heard of who shot with the accuracy that she did. Pomorenko would watch until she began to relax around the rifle, both eyes open, and then he would turn and look through the field glasses —the two watery circles would melt into one, and he would see the figure in green, or better, black or grey—he could even see the insignia on the chest and on the collar. Then he would wait. The air would be hollow and dead for a second, like a half-held breath, and it would explode with a powerful surge of sound and energy, after which there would be a pause where time would seem to stop as the bullet made its flight. He would focus his eyes in the liquid circle, and see the man's head explode. In the glasses he would clearly see the flying mist of blood and brain and hair, before the man crumpled in a heap to the ground. He would always turn and look again at her as she raised her face off the rifle stock, and he would see a wistful, hazy smile, almost as if she were in some very personal kind of trance, mesmerized by the beautiful silence that followed the shot.
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More from Issue 116, Fall 1990
Bradford Morrow
A Bestiary
from A Man Asleep
I Am Here to Tell You It Can Be Done
The Art of Fiction No. 119
Of Linnets and Dull Times
Korean Soap Opera
Attilio Bertolucci
David Bottoms
Catherine Bowman
Michael Burkard
Maxine Chernoff
Going Out for Cigarettes
Martin Edmunds
Ian Ganassi
Primary Process
Suzanne Gardinier
August Kleinzahler
Hilda Morley
The Barter
Geoffrey O'Brien
James Poolos
Mr. Luna and History
Len Roberts
More Walnuts, Late October
D. P. Skrief
Opened Views
Arthur Sze
Alexander Thorburn
Seymour Lawrence
Adventures with J. P. Donleavy, or How I Lost My Job and Made My Way to Greater Glory
A Radio Interview
George Plimpton
Contents Page: Untitled
Tim Rollins
Studies for Amerika: For the People of Bathgate
The Distance Up Close
By Molly Peacock
By Catherine Bowman
Current Issue No. 231
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Episode 13: "Before the Light"
Legendary novelist and Nobel laureate Toni Morrison explains why beauty is absolutely necessary in an interview from the magazine's archives; Molly Ringwald channels adolescent grief in her reading of "Guests," a story by Mary Terrier; and poet Alex Dimitrov reads his poem "Impermanence."
Redux: Two Eyes
This week, we've lowered the paywall on John Fowles's Art of Fiction interview, a short story by Vilma Howard, and a poem by Frank O'Hara.
Rae Armantrout, The Art of Poetry No. 106
By Rae Armantrout
Photo courtesy of Rae Armantrout
Independent, skeptical, laconic, and always lyrical, Rae Armantrout is a poet of wit and precision. Her poems are typically built of brief sections and short lines in which every word and syllable has been carefully weighed and placed. She also values alacrity and surprise. Arcs of argument can end midflight or spring abruptly in unforeseen directions. The tone shifts, and shifts again. The rewards of her quicksilver verse are many: she helps, as William Blake once put it, to cleanse the doors of perception. You look anew at everyday things and delight in language's myriad marvels and traps. You also laugh out loud.
Her poems often bring together contraries. She shuttles from topics as ambitious as cosmology and theology to things as ordinary as weeds glimpsed out a window or remarks overheard in a coffeehouse. She has written about intimately personal and private matters, such as motherhood and her treatment for a rare, painful cancer, and she has tackled urgent public matters such as immigration, climate change, and economic inequality.
Armantrout is a West Coaster through and through. She grew up in San Diego during the post–World War II boom years, attended Berkeley at the height of the Vietnam War, and for many years taught creative writing at the University of California, San Diego. She recently moved to Everett, Washington, a town north of Seattle, to be near her son's family.
Critics often associate Armantrout with the avant-garde Language poetry movement. During the seventies, she helped found its San Francisco branch. Her first books, Extremities (1978) and The Invention of Hunger (1979), like the early works of her colleagues Lyn Hejinian, Bob Perelman, and Ron Silliman, experiment with narrative discontinuity, syntactic disruption, and found text. She has never, though, been content to travel in a pack. From the beginning, her work has been more autobiographical and songlike than that of her Language poetry peers. While she has continued to correspond and collaborate with them, she has pursued her own singular path. She has written more than fifteen books, including Necromance (1991), Veil (2001), and Versed (2009), which won the Pulitzer Prize. Her most recent, Wobble (2018), was a finalist for the National Book Award. A new collection, Conjure, is forthcoming in 2020.
From the Archive, Issue 231
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Guys, you know that I love upcycled lanterns. It's become somewhat of an obsession.
There's something about taking a jar or a tin can or something that would ordinarily be in the recycling bin… and then sticking a candle in it.
This Saturday between 1pm and 2:30pm, I'm going to be at Milner Gardens in Langley, BC, doing a demonstration on upcycled garden lighting ideas. I'll be joined by two other lovely bloggers: Crystal of Sew Creative, and Jamie of So Much Better With Age. We're going to be sharing some of our garden crafts in a big open house at the nursery.
If you're in the neighbourhood, stop by! Not only is Milner Gardens a lovely and inspiring garden centre, but it's also home to the fabulous Shelley of Sow and Dipity. It's going to be a great afternoon!
These lanterns are so very simple. I started with pint sized mason jars, but I switched out the lids for the daisy-style lid. Not only is this more visually appealing, but traditional candles need oxygen, so these lids let the air in.
I cut out adhesive vinyl shapes using my Silhouette cutting machine.
I can't help myself…. I love nautical shapes so much right now. Lila said that the whale was her favourite, and I have to agree.
You're right, Willy. Your giant forehead truly becomes you.
A purist might say that battery-operated tea lights are a travesty to lanterns.
But I think that they're fabulous.
My children cannot burn themselves on battery operated tealights. Nobody can tip these lanterns over and start a fire. (Unless there are some serious MacGuyver skils happening). The light is warm and flickers just like a real candle.
I'm completely sold on these babies.
But I'm also sold on these fancy little nautical lanterns. As the day slips away and the night creeps in, the silhouettes of the anchor, wheel, and whale all become more prominent against the light. It's the perfect little grouping of lanterns for drinks and laughs on the patio.
And it was quick, cheap and easy.
Seriously….do those three words not give you a thrill?
Looking fabulous girl! Can't wait to hang out with this Saturday! EEK!
It's going to be fantastic, Jamie! Your flower pots are sooo lovely, too. The crowd is going to love them!
Love this! Where did you find the lids?
Thank you, Shawna! I actually got the daisy lids at my local Michaels; they come in a two-pack.
Oh they're really cute, great job!
Thank you, Mel! They're quick and easy – my kind of craft!
I LOVE these. I've been wanting to grab some of those lids on Pick Your Plum but I always seem to miss them. Fabulous project.
These are so cute; I love 'em. I've read back over your spill and are you saying that the lids are sold at Michale's already punched out in that design? I've got a Michael's one mile from me. Whoohoo! When I saw this on Pinterest, I wondered how you punched the lids so perfect..Never knew about the ready-made lids. I'm sure there are a lot of things down at Michael's or ACMoore that I don't know about..Guess that means I should go there more often, huh?
What a cute project, and so perfect for summer!
I'm also a sucker for giving new life to old things, which is why I used some of our old mason jars to make some pretty button storage for my mom as a Mother's Day gift. I still have a few jars left, and some extra vinyl for my Cricut. I might have to make a few of these for our patio!
Quick, cheap, and easy are def my three favourite words. Love these Tara!
That is such a great idea. I love any project using mason jars!
Visiting via Snickerdoodle Sunday. Have a fabulous week.
I love you nautical mason jars. Where did you get the nautical template?
These are just SO cute!!! Thanks so much for taking the time to link up with us over at the #HomeMattersParty – we hope to see you again tomorrow!
Love how your nautical lights turned out. I recently have done two nautical projects myself. I'd love to add this to my list. Thanks for sharing at the party.
These are sewtainly clevah! Haven't seen them before anywhere. Great idea 🙂 Love any new ways you can re-purpose a Mason jar!
I can't find anything Nautical for Cuttlebug cutters and I can't find much of anything Nautical anywhere. Do you know of somewhere I can get your designs for the Lanterns? I am having a Nautical themed party at the end of September and I came across your craft idea that I thought would be a fun addition to my party. My husband came up with the idea of adding sand at the bottom of the mason jar to stabelize the candle. Since I have a sandbox for my grand kids that just moved to Ohio from Colorado, I can make good use of the sand!


text:
Q: How to internationalize the specific text message in Spring Boot? Currently I'm implementing a service for sending notifications (SMS, for example) to customers. Service is written in Java, based on Spring Boot.
I'd like to send a message in the recipient's language.
So basically I'd like to have a method, taking some id of the message with the desired localization ("en", "fr", "es") and giving back the correct String. Also configuring some default language (like "en") would be great - to fall back to it if the desired language is not supported.
Any suggestions how to achieve this with Spring Boot?
P.S.: Sorry, yes, I've tried "googling". I've found several internationalization examples, but most of them seem not useful, as they're intended for the whole user interface, not a specific message.

A: First, you need to create a couple resource files. Put a file called messages_en.properties and another called messages_fr.properties in src/main/resources.
In the en file put a line:
hello.world=Hello World!

In the fr file put a line:
hello.world=Bonjour le monde!

Then where ever you need to get this text inject a MessageSource
@Autowired private MessageSource messageSource;

Then you can use it to get the text
messageSource.getMessage("hello.world", null, locale);

You'll need to pass in the locale of the user to that method. You can setup a LocaleResolver to do that if you need.

A: As of now I've resolved the issue initializing MessageSource manually:
@PostConstruct
public void initMessageSource() {
    ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource reloadableMessageSource = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
    reloadableMessageSource.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
    reloadableMessageSource.setBasename(config.getI18nBundleBase());
    reloadableMessageSource.setCacheSeconds(config.getI18nCacheSeconds());
    this.messageSource = reloadableMessageSource;
}

Autowiring initialized my messageSource with empty DelegatingMessageSource, so internationalization did not work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Reparations payments (£6,000 million) imposed on her by the allies difficult to meet. Germany did not keep up with her reparations payments, but the French in particular were determined to force Germany to pay what they owed
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Stab in the Back
Germany's economy was in ruins after her defeat in the First World War, and she found the reparations payments (£6,000 million) imposed on her by the allies difficult to meet. Germany did not keep up with her reparations payments, but the French in particular were determined to force Germany to pay what they owed.
In January 1923 French and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr, the richest industrial area of Germany. German troops were ordered by their government to stand aside to avoid bloodshed and allow the French and Belgians to occupy the area. The French and Belgians took over all of the area's factories and coal mines. Goods and raw materials made by these industries were seized. This action was permitted under the Treaty of Versailles as Germany had fallen behind in her reparation payments.
he invasion of the Ruhr was a major crisis for the German government and was directly linked to the Treaty of Versailles as the invasion was as a direct result of the German government's inability to pay reparations (compensation) to the Allies as agreed in 1919. The German public were furious, especially when stories and rumours were told of French atrocities in the area. The Weimar government could do little to stop the invasion and occupation however, as they had a greatly weakened army due to the Treaty of Versailles and were in no position to confront the Allied Powers again. The old myth of the 'Stab in the Back' (where the government were accused of deliberately stopping the Great War and surrendering to the Allies although the German troops could have fought on) was once again rekindled. The Weimar Government appeared weak and willing once again to give in to Germany's 'enemies'.
The German workers in the Ruhr responded to the invasion with a policy of passive resistance – simply refusing to work. Across Germany there was great admiration for the action of the Ruhr workers. However, their actions only worsened the government's plight. The workers still had to be paid, even though they were not working or producing goods that would have benefited the nation's troubled economy.
This was the final straw for the battered German economy, hyperinflation being the result.
Directory: vtc -> 2007-08 -> history -> 120 -> 1923
vtc -> Bibliography
120 -> The Battle of Britain Changing the course of World War II
vtc -> Dangers of Coal Mining
vtc -> British generals field Marshall Douglas Haig
120 -> The First World War officially ended on 11
120 -> Key questions to consider
120 -> Wall Street Crash (1929). The coalition governments
120 -> Lesson: Economic and Political Crisis 1929-33
german government
weimar government
german public
german troops
german workers


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text:
KARGALARN ZIYAFETI PDF
: Kargaların Ziyafeti: Kısım 1 (A Song of Ice and Fire #4, Part 1 of 2 ) () by Sibel Alas George R. R. Martin and a great selection of. : Kargaların Ziyafeti: Kısım 2 (A Song of Ice and Fire #4, Part 2 of 2 ) () by Sibel Alas George R. R. Martin and a great selection of. English Grammar Understanding the Essential grammar in use a self-study reference and practice Download Basic Grammar i.
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Retrieved March 3, Brienne of Tarth 's quest for Sansa leads her all over the Riverlands, where she observes the destruction caused by the zigafeti, and acquires Podrick Payne, former squire to Tyrion Lannister. Bri74 rated it did not like it Sep 28, To settle the crown's debts to the Faith of the Seven, Cersei permits the restoration of that religion's military orderthe Faith Militant, ignoring the danger to her own power. Martin originally planned for the fourth book to be called A Zihafeti with Dragons with the story picking up five years after the events of A Storm of Swords primarily to advance the ages of the younger characters.
Cutting the novel in half would have produced two half-novels; our approach will produce two novels taking place simultaneously, but set hundreds or even thousands of miles apart, and involving different casts of characters with some karalarn. In Martin received kagralarn B. Ziyaefti characters whose stories he did tell wandered back and forth across a landscape devastated by war and oncoming winter, but didn't seem to be headed anywhere in particular.
Poche idee e metafore sui vessilli ripetute alla nausea. Unlike its predecessors, the fourth novel follows numerous minor characters as well.
A Game of Thrones: Open Preview See a Problem? He was Executive Producer for Doorways, a pilot which he wrote for Columbia Pictures Television, which was filmed during She wakes up the following morning blind.
Kargaların Ziyafeti Kısım 2 A Song of Ice and Fire #4 part 2
In the confusion, one of Arianne's co-conspirators, the knight Gerold "Darkstar" Dayne, attempts to kill Myrcella; she survives but her face is scarred, and Ser Arys is killed. He has stolen an important key to a depository of books ziyafetii records at the request of a stranger in exchange for a reward; after turning over the key and receiving the reward, he dies abruptly from poison. Retrieved August 10, Four Tales from the Crossroads Dreamsongs: Other books in the series.
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Publishers Weekly said, "Long-awaited doesn't begin to describe this fourth installment in bestseller Martin's staggeringly epic Song of Ice and Fire.
Her incompetent management raises the kingdom's debts to the Iron Bank of Braavos and the Faith of the Seven. A scheme to falsely have the Faith put Margaery on trial for adultery backfires when the religious leadership imprisons Cersei herself on similar correct charges.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. He also directed chess tournaments for the Continental Chess Association fromand was a Journalism instructor at Clarke College, Dubuque, Iowa, from The novel was first published on October 17,in the United Kingdom, [1] with a United States edition following on November 8, After a series of disagreements, Cersei dispatches Jaime to the Riverlands to re-establish control.
Kargaların Ziyafeti – Vikipedi
He meets the archmaester Marwyn, who tells him the Citadel have a plan against magic, and leaves to find Daenerys. ZigZagSuck rated it did not like it Aug 05, Martin became a full-time writer in Retrieved March 5, The New York Times.
However, during the writing process it was discovered that this was leading to an overreliance on flashbacks to fill in the gap. Iron Throne White Walker.
Return to Book Page. As a novice there, Arya attempts to master their belief that Faceless Men have no true identity by throwing all her treasures into the water secretly keeping her sword, Needle and posing as a girl called "Cat of the Canals". Want to Read saving…. In he married Gale Burnick. Sam is accompanied by aging Maester Aemon, the wildling mother Gilly, her newborn baby, and sworn brother Dareon. During this time, Petyr appears to be carefully manipulating his murdered wife's former bannermen and securing control of the Protectorship of the Vale.
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Kargaların Ziyafeti – George R. R. Martin
A Storm of Swords August ". Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Retrieved February 13, After twelve months or so of working on the book, Martin decided to abandon much of what had previously been written and start again, this time picking up immediately after the end of A Storm of Swords.
Book Category Portal Outline. Victarion estimates that when the Redwyne fleet returns from the siege at Dragonstone it will retake the islands; and when Euron sends him east to woo Daenerys Targaryen on his behalf, to thus gain a claim to the Iron ThroneVictarion decides to woo her for himself instead.
Retrieved March 6, Though A Feast for Crows was the first novel in the sequence to debut at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list[5] it received more negative reviews in comparison with the previous novels in the series. Having confessed this death, she is given a glass of warm milk as punishment. He began writing very young, selling monster stories to other neighborhood children for pennies, George R. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. He went on to complete a M.
He announced this decision, along with the new title A Feast for Crowsat Worldcon in Philadelphia on September 1, She also disregards accurate advice by her uncle Kevan Lannister and her brother Jaime, alienating them both. Following the death and funeral of Tywin Lannister, Cersei's reign is marked by rampant cronyismand her councils staffed with incompetent loyalists.
A Song of Ice and Fire. A Dance with Dragons.
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