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MCO 3800.2B_Oversight of Intelligence Activities
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MCO 3800.2B IGMC 30 Apr 04 MARINE CORPS ORDER 3800.
2B From: To: Subj: Ref: Commandant of the Marine Corps Distribution List OVERSIGHT OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (a) Executive Order 12333, United States Intelligence Activities, December 4, 1981 (b) DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, Procedures Governing the Activities of DoD Intelligence Components that Affect United States Persons, December 1982 (c) SECNAVINST 3820.3D (d) DoD Directive 5200.27, Acquisition of Information Concerning Persons and Organizations not Affiliated with the Department of Defense, January 7, 1980 (e) MCO 5040.6G (f) SECNAVINST 5000.34B (g) DoD Directive 5240.1, DoD Intelligence Activities, April 25, 1988 (h) DoD OGC Memo, Principles Governing the Collection of Internet Addresses by DoD Intelligence and Counterintelligence Components, February 6, 2002 (i) National Imagery and Mapping Agency, Imagery Policy Series, section 9, part B, (Domestic Imagery), SECRET//X1 (1) USMC Intelligence Components (2) Intelligence Oversight Regulations and Intelligence Support to CONUS Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection Missions (3) Domestic Tactical Air Reconnaissance Imagery Policy (4) Intelligence Oversight Policy for Domestic Off-Base Training in Civilian Environments (5) Sample Intelligence Oversight Brief (6) Intelligence Oversight Responsibilities and Staff Relationships (7) Sample Quarterly Intelligence Oversight Report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Encl:
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A:
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 Reports Required: I. Consolidated Quarterly Intelligence Oversight (Report Control Symbol EXEMPT), pars. 8a(5), 8d(5), and encl. (7) Consolidated Listing of Intelligence Components, Sections, Elements, and Teams (Report Control Symbol EXEMPT), pars. 8a(5) and 8d(7)
1. Purpose. To establish policy, procedures, and responsibilities governing the inspection and oversight of activities of U.S. Marine Corps intelligence and the reporting requirements regarding those activities. This Order has been substantially revised and should be reviewed in its entirety. 2. 3. Cancellation. MCO 3800.2A. This revision:
Summary of Revision.
a. Clarifies the purpose, scope, and applicability of intelligence oversight (Intel Ovst) requirements for the Marine Corps. Required inspections have changed from 18 to 24 months. b. Introduces new guidance on anti-terrorism/force protection (AT/FP), domestic urban training considerations, tactical air reconnaissance imagery, domestic imagery provisions, use of the Internet; and revises baseline training requirements, staff roles, and responsibilities. c. Serves as formal notification for the termination of the HQMC Intelligence Oversight Review Board (IORB). d. Provides procedures to facilitate uniform reporting and expanded guidance on select topics. 4. Background. Reference (a) sets forth the Presidents guidance with respect to U.S. intelligence activities. Reference (b) sets forth the procedures governing the activities of DoD intelligence components that affect U.S. persons. Reference (c) issues Intel Ovst policies and procedures for the Department of the Navy (DON). For purposes of this Order, Intel Ovst is the program ensuring that all USMC intelligence activities, operations, and programs are conducted in accordance with applicable U.S. laws, statutes, executive orders, DoD directives, and regulations. Intel Ovst procedures ensure intelligence components carry out their
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 authorized functions while adhering to certain restrictions against the collection, retention, and dissemination of information concerning U.S. persons. References (d) through (i) govern related areas peripheral to this Order. 5. Definitions. For the purposes of this Order, the following definitions apply: a. Marine Corps Intelligence Components. Those units, organizations, staffs, and offices that perform any intelligence activity, to include collection, production, retention, or dissemination of intelligence information. Intelligence sources are grouped into the following specific disciplines: (1) imagery intelligence, (2) human intelligence, (3) signals intelligence, (4) measurement and signature intelligence, (5) open source intelligence, and (6) counterintelligence. Intelligence components that collect intelligence include ground and aerial reconnaissance units. Enclosure (1) lists Marine Corps intelligence components. b. U.S. Person. A citizen of the U.S.; an alien known by the intelligence agency concerned to be a permanent resident alien; an unincorporated association substantially composed of U.S. citizens or permanent resident aliens; or a corporation incorporated in the U.S., except for a corporation directed and controlled by a foreign government or governments. c. Questionable Activity. Any conduct that constitutes, or is related to, an intelligence activity that may violate U.S. laws, statutes, Executive Orders, Presidential directives, applicable DoD directives, and DON or other Services policies. d. Domestic Imagery. Satellite and airborne imagery of any part of the U.S., its territories, or possessions to a 12NM seaward limit of those land areas.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 e. Proper Use Statements. For the purposes of this Order, a statement included on a flight schedule that publishes domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions, both manned and unmanned. The proper use statement will state: THIS DOMESTIC TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE MISSION IS CONDUCTED IAW MCO 3800.2B. The authorized signature on the flight schedule constitutes certification of the proper use statement. The proper use statement validates the mission and certifies that it is conducted in accordance with the Intel Ovst regulations and Service domestic tactical air reconnaissance imagery policy. 6. Scope
a. This Order is primarily directed at intelligence components and governs all intelligence activities undertaken by such components. It also applies to the following: (1) The Marine Corps total force regarding the participation in intelligence activities by any component or person. (2) All military and civilian personnel assigned or attached to intelligence components on a permanent or temporary basis, regardless of specialty or job function. (3) Contractors or consultants if they are involved in activities subject to the requirements of reference (a). (4) Non-intelligence units and staffs when they are used for intelligence purposes and to personnel conducting intelligence activities as an additional duty, whether or not assigned or attached to an intelligence component. b. This Order does not constitute authority for any Marine Corps component and/or person to conduct an activity not otherwise authorized by law. Marine Corps personnel engaged in any intelligence activity must be familiar with the provisions of references (a), (b), (c), and this Order. 7. Policy
a. The collection, retention, and dissemination of information concerning U.S. persons by Marine Corps intelligence components will be governed by the requirements set forth in references (a), (b), (c), and this Order. b. Marine Corps intelligence activities shall be carried out in a manner that protects the constitutional rights and privacy of 4
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 U.S. persons, and shall not request any person or entity to undertake unauthorized activities. c. Marine Corps intelligence units and staffs can collect, retain, and disseminate intelligence on U.S. persons, provided they adhere to a very specific set of criteria and restrictions. Information that identifies a U.S. person may be collected by a Marine Corps intelligence component only if it: (1) is necessary to the conduct of a function assigned to the collecting component; and, (2) falls within one of the 13 categories authorized under reference (b), procedure 2. Enclosure (2) provides extracts of information categories. d. The use of collection techniques authorized by reference (b) will be limited to those necessary to perform assigned functions. The least intrusive means of collection will always be the preferred method of collection. e. The following is Intel Ovst policy regarding domestic airborne and open source/commercially available imagery: (1) DoD policy for domestic airborne imagery proper use statements is revised. The new policy authorizes individual Services to establish proper use statement requirements for domestic manned and unmanned airborne imagery overflights of both military/government property and private property. Enclosure (3) expands on the above policy and establishes baseline procedures for Marine Corps tactical air reconnaissance imagery. (2) Per reference (i) (available on ATSD/IO SIPRNET website), domestic imagery from commercial systems does not fall under the authorities of the Director of Central Intelligence; therefore, the use of this domestic open source imaging is dependent upon the authorities and responsibilities of each user organization. Marine intelligence personnel may utilize domestic open source or publicly available imagery (e.g., TerraServer.com, Falcon View Imagery, U.S. Geological Survey imagery) as long as Intel Ovst provisions are met. Enclosures (3) and (4) provide further clarification.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 f. Special considerations exist for intelligence support to command AT/FP programs within U.S. territory and/or involving information regarding U.S. persons. Enclosure (2) provides specific guidance. g. Intelligence training, or support to unit training, in an off-base domestic civilian environment demands due diligence to ensure that not only intelligence personnel but also other key personnel (e.g., commanders, controllers, or non-intelligence Marines who may be conducting intelligence activities), are aware of Intel Ovst provisions. Enclosure (4) provides specific guidance. h. Use of the Internet by intelligence components to conduct intelligence activities presents unique challenges beyond traditional collection methods. To maximize the use of the Internet while properly applying the provisions of reference (a), intelligence personnel must understand how to analyze, as well as characterize, information collected via the Internet. Reference (h) addresses Internet-based collection activity against the network (as opposed to network content) and is available for review by commanders on the Inspector General of the Marine Corps (IGMC) (Oversight Division) website listed below. i. Commanders shall ensure that initial assignment and annual refresher Intel Ovst training is provided to all personnel performing duties described in paragraph 5a. Training will cover, at a minimum, the matters set out in enclosure (5). Additionally, commanders, executive officers, staff judge advocates, and key staff should receive Intel Ovst training. Records of training will be maintained for 3 years. The IGMC (Oversight Division) website http://www.hqmc.usmc.mil/ig/ig.nsf is a source for training materials and other references governing the DoD Intel Ovst program. j. Commanders shall ensure that no adverse or retaliatory action is taken against any Marine or civilian employee who reports questionable activities. k. This Order, paragraph 7b; reference (a), parts 2.3, 2.4, and 2.9 to 2.12; reference (b), procedures 1 to 15; and, reference (c), paragraphs 7b, 7c, and 8h(2), constitute and shall apply as general punitive and regulatory orders. A violation of these provisions may be punishable under the Uniform Code of Military Justice for military personnel and could be the basis for appropriate administrative disciplinary procedures for civilian employees.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 l. This Order does not apply to law enforcement activities conducted by U.S. Marine Corps Military Police. Reference (d) provides guidance to all non-intelligence components pertaining to the collecting, processing, storing, and dissemination of information concerning persons and organizations not affiliated with the DoD. 8. Action a. In compliance with references (c) and (e), the IGMC will:
(1) Implement applicable policies and procedures governing Intel Ovst. (2) Publish an inspection checklist and inspect, or cause to have inspected, all Marine Corps intelligence components to ensure compliance with references (a), (b), (c), and this Order. (3) Investigate and report to Naval Inspector General (NAVIG) any reports of questionable activities, significant intelligence activities, and intelligence activities that use nonintelligence component assets, conducted by or on behalf of Marine Corps intelligence components. (4) Determine the reason for the failure to report questionable activities and recommend corrective action. (5) Receive consolidated Marine Corps Quarterly Intel Ovst reports and annual listing of Marine Corps intelligence components reports from the major subordinate commands (MSC) and submit reports to the NAVIG as required by reference (c). (6) In compliance with reference (f), attend meetings of the DON Senior Review Board (SRB). The DON SRB, chaired by the Under Secretary of the Navy, exercises final review and oversight of DON compartmented programs and sensitive activities. Marine Corps participants include the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC); Deputy Commandants for Programs and Resources (DC P&R), and Plans, Policies and Operations (DC PP&O); IGMC; and the Director of Intelligence (DirInt). The IGMC (Director, Oversight Division) serves as a special assistant to the Board for Marine Corps matters. (7) In compliance with reference (f), attend meetings as a voting member of the DON Sensitive Activities Review Board (SARB).
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 The SARB provides review and oversight of all intelligence activities, non-intelligence sensitive activities, and special activities. The NAVIG chairs the SARB, which meets quarterly or as called by the Chair. Marine Corps participants include IGMC, Assistant DC, PP&O, and Deputy DirInt. The IGMC (Director, Oversight Division) serves as a special assistant to the Board for Marine Corps matters. b. The Counsel for the Commandant (CL) and Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) will jointly: (1) Determine whether activities conducted by Marine Corps intelligence components are legal and consistent with applicable policies. (2) Refer all reports of questionable activities conducted by or on behalf of Marine Corps intelligence components to the IGMC for investigation. Provide legal assistance and advice in the conduct of such investigations. (3) Attend meetings of the SRB and SARB, as appropriate, or when issues pertain to the review of Marine Corps matters. c. The DirInt will: (1) Provide close liaison with the IGMC for all Intel Ovst matters. (2) Refer all reports of questionable activities conducted by or on behalf of Marine Corps intelligence components to the IGMC for investigation. Provide assistance and technical expertise in the conduct of such investigations. (3) Provide necessary updates to ensure the IGMC is kept abreast of all Marine Corps intelligence and counterintelligence activities planned or conducted where Intel Ovst or sensitive activities issues may be involved. (4) Ensure that authorized legal and oversight officials are granted access to all information required to properly perform their Intel Ovst functions. (5) Provide technical assistance and augmentation personnel during the preparation and execution of Intel Ovst inspections or evaluations.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 (6) Ensure Intel Ovst indoctrination and annual refresher training for HQMC Intelligence Department personnel are conducted and documented. d. The Commanders, U.S. Marine Corps Forces and Commander, Marine Corps Intelligence Activity will: (1) Monitor intelligence components compliance with the provisions of references (a), (b), (c), and this Order, and other applicable directives. When implementing an Intel Ovst program, commanders are responsible for conducting independent and impartial reviews to ensure compliance with policy, establishing awareness training and reporting procedures, and ensuring legal/policy review of intelligence actions. Consequently, the success of the Intel Ovst program demands the active participation of the command inspector, the senior intelligence officer and the SJA. Enclosure (6) provides a baseline explanation of staff roles and relationships. (2) Ensure subordinate intelligence components are inspected, at a minimum, every 2 years. The IGMC Automated Inspection Reporting System (AIRS) provides commanders with guidelines for day-to-day administration of functional areas and sets minimum criteria for inspections. The official AIRS Intel Ovst checklist #240 sets minimum criteria for Intel Ovst program implementation and is accessible at the IGMC website. (3) Ensure Intel Ovst indoctrination and annual refresher training for all personnel identified in paragraph 5a above are conducted and documented. (4) Report immediately all questionable activities conducted by or on behalf of subordinate intelligence components to the IGMC. (5) In compliance with reference (c), the command inspector or office performing that function shall submit not later than the 5th of October, January, April, and July the consolidated Quarterly Intel Ovst report to the IGMC. See enclosure (7). The Marine Corps Intelligence Activity shall report directly to the IGMC, with a copy to the DirInt. Reports by subordinate intelligence components may be submitted in any format sufficient for MSC to record, at a minimum, the reporting unit, date received, any violations, training conducted, and identification of the individual submitting and receiving the
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 report. The originator shall retain signed copies of reports transmitted digitally/electronically for record purposes. (6) Report to the IGMC significant intelligence activity with Intel Ovst interest (e.g., domestic off-base training in a civilian environment or intelligence support to law enforcement activities/organizations) prior to the event. (7) Report to the IGMC by 10 September annually the information for any intelligence component, section, element, or team under operational or administrative control that has been physically relocated, established, or disestablished during the last fiscal year. (8) Maintain all Intel Ovst reports, training documentation, and records of inspection for 3 years. e. Procedures for Reporting Questionable Activities
(1) The primary means for reporting questionable activities, as defined in this Order, will be via the chain of command. If the commanding officer/supervisor is involved in the allegation, the next senior commanding officer/supervisor in the chain of command will be informed. Commands must expedite handling of such allegations. Commanders will forward such allegations up the chain of command to the commanding general (inspector) for forwarding to the IGMC, per reference (c). (2) Request Mast procedures or the Marine Corps Hotline Program can also be used to report questionable activities. The IGMC will coordinate with the DirInt, CL, and SJA to the CMC to determine the validity of the allegation. When appropriate, an investigation will be initiated. (3) The IGMC will maintain overall responsibility for the conduct of investigations into allegations of questionable activities as defined in this Order. 9. Reports. Reports required by this Order are exempt from reports control and require no report symbols. 10. Questions or Recommendations
a. Questions of interpretation of references (a), (b), (c), and this Order should be referred to the legal office responsible for advising the Marine Corps intelligence component concerned. Questions that cannot be resolved in this manner shall be referred
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 to the Inspector General of the Marine Corps, Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant, and Counsel for the Commandant for resolution. Requests for exceptions or amendments to the policies or procedures of this Order should be referred to the IGMC. b. Recommendations for change or inclusion concerning the content of this Order are invited. Forward recommendations to the CMC (IGMC) via the appropriate chain of command. 11. Applicability. Total Force. This Order is applicable to the Marine Corps
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MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 USMC INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS 1. Marine Corps intelligence components are those units, organizations, staffs, and offices that perform any intelligence activity, to include collection, production, retention, or dissemination of intelligence information. 2. For the purposes of this Order, USMC intelligence components include: a. HQMC Intelligence Department.
b. Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (includes all subordinate commands/elements). c. d. e. f. g. h. Unit G-2/S-2 staffs. Intelligence battalions. Radio battalion. Reconnaissance battalions/companies. Scout sniper platoons. Unmanned aerial vehicle squadrons.
ENCLOSURE (1) 1
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT REGULATIONS AND INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO CONUS ANTI-TERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION MISSIONS 1. Purpose. To provide information on intelligence oversight (Intel Ovst) regulations, specifically DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, and with emphasis on military intelligence support to CONUS AT/FP missions. 2. Key Points
a. In light of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, the Marine Corps will be increasingly required to perform domestic missions with an increased emphasis on AT/FP. As a result, there will be increased instances whereby Marine intelligence activities may come across information regarding U.S. persons. Marine intelligence personnel may collect, retain, and disseminate information about U.S. persons only under certain circumstances. This enclosure will briefly discuss when it is permissible to collect, retain, and disseminate information about U.S. persons. This enclosure is not intended as a substitute for qualified legal advice. Marine intelligence activities must seek the advice of the commands SJA before collecting, retaining, or disseminating any information about U.S. persons. b. Information that identifies a U.S. person may be collected by a Marine intelligence activity only if it is necessary to the conduct of a function assigned to the activity; only if it falls within one of the categories listed in DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2, and set forth below; and is accomplished by the least intrusive means. The permissible categories are: (1) Information obtained with consent. (2) Publicly available information. (3) Foreign intelligence, provided the U.S. person is reasonably believed to be an officer or employee of a foreign power; an organization reasonably believed to be owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a foreign power; a person or organization reasonably believed to be engaged or about to engage in international terrorist or international narcotics activities; or is reasonably believed to be a prisoner of war, missing in action, or is the target, hostage, or victim of international terrorist organizations. ENCLOSURE (2) 1
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 (4) Counterintelligence, provided the U.S. person is reasonably believed to be engaged or about to engage in intelligence activities on behalf of a foreign power, or international terrorist activities; or, is a person in contact with such persons, for the purpose of identification and assessing his or her relationship with such persons. (5) Potential sources of assistance to Marine intelligence activities for the purpose of assessing the suitability or credibility of a U.S. person. (6) Protection of intelligence sources and methods, provided that within the U.S., the collection is limited to present and former DoD employees; present or former employees of a former DoD contractor; and applicants for employment at DoD or at a DoD contractor. (7) Physical security, provided the U.S. person is reasonably believed to threaten the physical security of DoD employees, installations, operations, or official visitors. Information also may be collected in the course of a lawful physical security investigation. (8) Personnel security, provided the information is collected pursuant to a lawful background investigation. (9) Communications security, provided the information is collected pursuant to a lawful communications security investigation. (10) Narcotics, provided the U.S. person is reasonably believed to be engaged in international narcotics activities. (11) Threats to safety, provided the information is needed to protect the safety of any person or organization against threats of international terrorism. (12) Overhead reconnaissance, provided it is not directed at a specific U.S. person. See enclosure (3) for Marine Corps policy. (13) Administrative purposes. c. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2, sets forth more detail on these permissible categories. In addition, before any information about a U.S. person is collected, the Marine ENCLOSURE (2) 2
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 intelligence component must seek the advice of the commands SJA. SJA to CMC (JAO) can provide assistance to local SJAs, if necessary. d. When foreign groups or persons threaten DoD personnel, resources or activities, intelligence components may intentionally target, collect, retain, and disseminate this information. e. Marine intelligence personnel may receive information from law enforcement agencies, other organizations, or sources that contains information about a U.S. person. Merely receiving information does not constitute collection under DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2. Information is considered collected only when it has been received for use by an employee of a DoD intelligence component in the course of his/her official duties. f. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 3, sets forth when information about U.S. persons may be retained. Retention of information refers to the maintenance of information about U.S. persons which can be retrieved by reference to the persons name or other identifying data. Information about U.S. persons may be retained for the following reasons: (1) The information was lawfully collected under DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2. (2) The information was acquired incidentally to authorized collection and: (a) such information could have been collected intentionally under DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2; (b) such information is necessary to understand foreign intelligence or counterintelligence; (c) the information is foreign intelligence or counterintelligence collected from electronic surveillance conducted in compliance with DoD Regulation 5240.1-R; or, (d) is incidental to authorized collection and may indicate involvement in activities that may violate Federal, state, local, or foreign law. ENCLOSURE (2) 3
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 (3) Information may be retained temporarily, for a period not to exceed 90 days, to determine if the information may be retained permanently. (4) Information other than that covered in subparagraphs 2f(1) through 2f(3), shall be retained only for the purposes of reporting such collection for oversight purposes and for subsequent proceedings that may be necessary. g. The references contain more detailed information on intelligence support relating to CONUS force protection. Many of these references have been disseminated to all major commands and are available on the unclassified IGMC homepage and the Director of Intelligence SIPRNET homepage. h. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 4, states that information about U.S. persons may be disseminated without the individuals consent if the information was collected or retained or both in accordance with DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedures 2 and 3; if the recipient is reasonably believed to have a need to receive such information for the performance of a lawful governmental function; and is one of the following: (1) an employee of either DoD or a DoD contractor, and has a need for such information in the course of his or her official duties; (2) a Federal, state, or local government law enforcement entity, and the information may indicate involvement in activities which may violate laws which the recipient is responsible to enforce; (3) an agency within the intelligence community; provided that within the intelligence community (other than information gathered through signals intelligence), may be disseminated for the purpose of allowing the recipient agency to determine whether the information is relevant to its responsibility; (4) an agency of the Federal Government authorized to receive such information in the performance of a lawful Government function; or (5) a foreign government, and dissemination is undertaken pursuant to an agreement or other understanding with such government. Any other dissemination that does not conform ENCLOSURE (2) 4
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 to the conditions listed above must be approved by the SJA to CMC after consultation with the Department of Justice and DoD General Counsel. Such approval shall be based on a determination that the proposed dissemination complies with applicable laws, Executive Orders, and regulations. i. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedures 5 through 11, deal with limitations on and approval procedures for specialized collection techniques and contract services. (1) Collection techniques covered are electronic surveillance, concealed monitoring, physical searches, searches and examination of mail, physical surveillance, and undisclosed participation in organizations. (2) These techniques and the out-sourcing of intelligence activities are used infrequently and only by a small number of units. j. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 12, covers provision of assistance to law enforcement authorities. Consistent with published limitations and approval procedures, DoD intelligence components are authorized to cooperate with law enforcement authorities. Subparagraph 2h(2) above delineates disseminating information to law enforcement authorities. Specialized equipment and facilities or assistance may be provided to law enforcement authorities under certain situations. Requests for specialized assistance to law enforcement authorities should be reviewed by the command SJA and notification made to the IGMC. k. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 14, covers employee conduct. Individuals and commands are responsible for the conduct of intelligence activities and familiarity with Intel Ovst regulations. Furthermore, commands are required to ensure no adverse action is taken against any person for reporting questionable activities. l. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 15, describes identifying, investigating, and reporting questionable activities. Reports of questionable activity will be made to higher appropriate authorities as required, including reports of Intel Ovst violations or questionable activities. Such reports will be thoroughly vetted through the command inspector and SJA to the IGMC as appropriate. ENCLOSURE (2) 5
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 m. It should be noted that the provisions of DoD Regulation 5240.1-R do not prohibit commanders from calling meetings or even establishing information fusion cells where representatives from the intelligence, security and law enforcement sections meet to share and synthesize information to support the commanders force protection mission. Such meetings should be headed by force protection, security, or law enforcement, not intelligence personnel.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 DOMESTIC TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE IMAGERY POLICY 1. Applicability. This policy applies to Marine Corps domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions, both manned and unmanned. It provides guidance for the validation of domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions and the handling of derived imagery products to ensure compliance with intelligence laws, Executive Orders, and regulations. This policy does not apply to commercially available domestic imagery, non-intelligence related public affairs, or law enforcement imagery. However, the use of commercially available domestic imagery by Marine Corps intelligence components is subject to Intel Ovst regulations as is Marine Corps intelligence support to law enforcement activities. 2. Policy
a. All DoD intelligence activities and related activities shall be carried out in strict conformity with the U.S. Constitution, applicable laws, Executive Orders, and DoD regulations governing Intel Ovst, with special emphasis given to the protection of the rights and privacies of U.S. persons. b. Collection or use of imagery of private or non-Federal property requires written permission (permission to collect/image) by the property owner when the private or nonFederal property is the objective of the collection (e.g., imaged to support follow-on military operations, geographic orientation, etc.). Private property collected/imaged incidental to aircraft transit to and from government property collection objectives is not subject to this requirement. Written permission documentation should be maintained with proper use statements. c. U.S. persons shall not be specifically targeted by Marine Corps tactical air reconnaissance imagery platforms (manned or unmanned) for the purpose of gathering information. d. If inadvertent collection occurs that identifies any U.S. person, the resultant imagery must be immediately destroyed. e. DoD Regulation 5240.1-R provides for specific exceptions to paragraphs 2a and 2b. Consult with the command inspector and SJA prior to executing these missions. ENCLOSURE (3) 1
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 f. Proper use statements will be recorded on flight schedules and retained for 3 years in files of units that execute domestic imagery missions, both manned and unmanned. Written permission obtained to collect and/or image private or non-Federal property will also be maintained in accordance with this procedure. g. Officers with properly delegated authority to sign unit flight schedules will become knowledgeable of Intel Ovst procedures and the Marine Corps domestic tactical air reconnaissance imagery policy. Their signature on flight schedules authorizing domestic imagery missions certifies that those domestic imagery missions are in compliance with the provisions of this policy. h. Commanders, or their designated representatives, will implement positive controls to ensure the constitutional rights of U.S. persons are protected, and to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, to include appropriate legal and command inspector review/oversight. 3. Procedure
a. Commands executing domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions will establish local standing operating procedures (SOPs) that comply with the policies set forth herein and are in compliance with applicable Intel Ovst regulations. b. Officers, aircrew, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators who assign, certify, or conduct domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions shall receive requisite Intel Ovst training (unit indoctrination and annual refresher) supplemented by this policy and those policies and SOPs developed to govern and regulate domestic imagery activities. c. Documentation of Intel Ovst training, supplemental domestic imagery training, proper use statements, permission to collect/image documents or domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions, shall be retained for 3 years in unit records. d. Proper use statements will be included on flight schedules that publish domestic tactical air reconnaissance missions, both manned and unmanned. The proper use statement will state: THIS DOMESTIC TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE MISSION IS CONDUCTED IAW MCO 3800.2B. The authorization signature on the flight schedule constitutes certification of the proper use statement. ENCLOSURE (3) 2
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT POLICY FOR DOMESTIC OFF-BASE TRAINING IN CIVILIAN ENVIRONMENTS 1. General
a. Realistic Urban Training (RUT) is an essential part of many Marine units training cycles. The Secretary of Defense, in a 26 April 2000 memo, defined RUT as, high-intensity, closequarter battle training and the use of live or non-lethal fires, the use of demolitions/explosives (i.e., breaching), and air and naval supporting platforms at the objective in civilian urban settings. This includes Military Operations in Urban Terrain training which otherwise meets the definition of RUT. The most common Marine Corps RUT is the Training in an Urban Environment Exercise (TRUEX) Program used in the pre-deployment training cycle for Marine Expeditionary Units (Special Operations Capable) (MEU (SOC)). RUT has strict requirements, time-lines and higher-level notifications above and beyond non-RUT exercises. A commander must first determine whether the offbase training falls under the RUT criteria. b. To assist commanders and inspectors, a checklist of Considerations for Conducting Training and Exercises in an OffBase Civilian Environment may be viewed on the IGMC Oversight Division website at http://www.hqmc.usmc.mil/ig/ig.nsf. c. This enclosure specifically addresses Intel Ovst issues for domestic off-base training in civilian environments. 2. Policy
a. All DoD intelligence activities and related activities shall be carried out in strict conformity with the U.S. Constitution, applicable laws, Executive Orders, and DoD regulations governing Intel Ovst, with special emphasis given to the protection of the rights and privacies of U.S. persons. b. To the extent practicable, consistent with Operational Security (OPSEC) and safety considerations, recommendations of civilian officials regarding community notification/outreach and press procedures will be followed. All requested training must be in accordance with applicable statutes, laws, DoD directives, and other guidance and implementing Service directives.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 c. Commanders, or their designated representatives, will implement positive controls to ensure the constitutional rights of U.S. persons are protected, and to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, to include appropriate legal and inspector general review/oversight. d. U.S. persons shall not be specifically targeted by Marine Corps tactical air reconnaissance imagery platforms (manned or unmanned) or video recording equipment for the purpose of gathering information without written permission. TRUEXs may be one example whereby specific U.S. persons and their property are targeted for the play of the exercise and require written permission. e. If inadvertent intelligence collection occurs that identifies any U.S. person, the resultant products must be immediately destroyed. However, if the information relates to criminal activity, it should be passed to appropriate law enforcement authorities. f. Gathering general information about a potential training site to determine suitability for use is an administrative function, and thereby permissible under DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2C.13. g. Imagery
(1) General Policy. Broad overhead imagery may be collected in the play of the exercise if it is not directed at a specific U.S. person; that imagery may be exploited in order to identify potential boat landing sites (BLSs) and helicopter landing zones (HLZs). If the imagery is magnified and enhanced, it must be done in such a way as to not identify the particular property linked to a U.S. person. If the designated area is to be used for training, coordination with the property owner must also occur. If the site is then to be collected against again by overhead collection assets, consent must be obtained from the property owner. Coordinates may be labeled on the imagery throughout the process. (2) Open Source Publicly Available Imagery (a) Domestic imagery from commercial systems does not fall under the authority of the Director, Central Intelligence; therefore, the use of this domestic open source imagery will be dependent upon the authorities and the responsibilities of each user organization. However, ENCLOSURE (4) 2
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 organizations within the intelligence community are still governed by the legal and policy constraints that have been previously stated. Caution must be used in the collection and use of commercial satellite imagery to avoid the appearance of violating any previously stated legal or policy concerns. (b) If a training area has been identified for use, intelligence personnel may use open source or publicly available imagery (e.g., National Geospatial Intelligence Agency imagery, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) imagery, Falcon View Imagery, TerraServer.com, globexplorer.com) so long as the property cannot be directly attributed to a particular U.S. person. For example, during a TRUEX, Special Operations Training Group may provide the MEU with an HLZ location to which the property owner has given the permission to use. The MEU S-2 may then download available unclassified imagery from the Internet or develop imagery from USGS flats; that imagery may be used for tactical planning so long as the property owner cannot be identified on the image unless consent has been granted. Street names and coordinates may be annotated on the imagery. Non-definitive names such as three-story building, light post, ditch, wire, tower, etc., may also be annotated on the imagery (items that are essential to the safety of the aircraft). (3) Domestic Tactical Air Reconnaissance. (3). h. Counterintelligence/Human Intelligence (CI/HUMINT)/ Ground Reconnaissance (1) CI/HUMINT Marines may measure and sketch an HLZ or BLS so long as the property owner is not identified (unless consent has been granted). Street names and coordinates may be applied to the sketch. (2) Route reconnaissance, either video taped from a ground vehicle or an aviation platform, may be conducted so long as it is not directed at a specific U.S. person. If images are to be chipped out for further exploitation, they must not include any specifically identifiable features with respect to a specific U.S. person unless consent has been granted. See enclosure
ENCLOSURE (4)
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 (3) In order to establish both real world security and security for the play of the problem/exercise, a reconnaissance team may emplace surveillance cameras on hide sites. Cameras may be positioned on the property to which Marines have permission to operate as a force protection measure. This allows the team to monitor, for the purpose of physical security, the areas to its left, right and rear while remaining focused on the objective on which it is permitted/has consent to collect against. Vehicle hide sites may particularly benefit from this since the observer inside the vehicle typically has a very narrow field of view due to limited view apertures. i. While information may be legitimately collected by intelligence personnel under paragraphs 2g and 2h above, once the training event has concluded, information may not be retained on file without a determination under DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 3, being made. Information legitimately collected may be retained on a site if it will be utilized for future near-term training. 3. Procedure
a. Commands executing off-base training in domestic civilian environments will establish local standing operating procedures (SOPs) that comply with the policies set forth herein and are in compliance with applicable Intel Ovst regulations. b. All personnel who assign or certify, or intelligence components or personnel who conduct off-base training in domestic civilian environments, shall receive requisite Intel Ovst training (unit indoctrination and annual refresher) supplemented by this policy and those policies and SOPs developed to govern and regulate RUT and non-RUT missions.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 SAMPLE INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BRIEF 1. Purpose. To provide a baseline curriculum for an Intel Ovst awareness program. 2. Background. To deter DoD intelligence personnel from infringing upon the rights of U.S. persons, all military, civilian, and contractor personnel serving in intelligence billets or units are required to be knowledgeable of Intel Ovst policy. 3. Intelligence Oversight Program
a. Intel Ovst ensures that all DoD intelligence and intelligence related activities are conducted in accordance with applicable U.S. laws, Presidential Executive Orders, and DoD directives and regulations. The program is designed to ensure that the DoD can conduct its intelligence and counterintelligence missions while protecting the statutory and constitutional rights of U.S. persons. (Basic references: Executive Order 12333, DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, SECNAVINST 3820.3, and MCO 3800.2). b. The term "U.S. persons" includes U.S. citizens. It also includes permanent resident aliens, unincorporated associations substantially composed of U.S. citizens or permanent resident aliens, and corporations incorporated in the U.S. that are not directed and controlled by a foreign government. c. Generally, Marine intelligence personnel may not intentionally target, collect, retain, and disseminate information on U.S. persons CONUS or OCONUS. Information pertaining to U.S. persons posing a threat to DoD personnel, resources or activities, is criminal information and falls under the purview of law enforcement and security. d. Exceptions do exist which allow intelligence components to receive, retain, and disseminate information on U.S. persons. Even under these circumstances, military intelligence personnel are limited to the 13 categories of information laid out in DoD Regulation 5240.1-R, procedure 2. e. Violations and even "questionable activities" (actions that may be violations) must be referred to the IGMC, Oversight Office. No adverse or retaliatory actions may be taken against personnel who report questionable activities. ENCLOSURE (5) 1
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 4. Questions. Confer with the command inspector and the staff judge advocate on any occasion when intelligence personnel appear to require collection, retention, or dissemination of information on U.S. persons.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES AND STAFF RELATIONSHIPS 1. Command Inspector. The command inspector is responsible to the commanding general to monitor and oversee the implementation and management of intelligence oversight (Intel Ovst) programs at the command element and subordinate command level. Command inspector of Intel Ovst responsibilities include: a. Inspect a minimum of every 2 years using the HQMC AIRS Intel Ovst checklist, #240. b. Receive and forward required Intel Ovst reports.
c. Receive, investigate, and forward reports of Intel Ovst violations or questionable activity. d. Ensure the command SJA is consulted as appropriate, but especially as part of the review, investigation, or reporting of Intel Ovst violations or questionable activity. e. Advise the commander on status of Intel Ovst policy and procedures. 2. Senior Intelligence Officer. The senior intelligence officer is responsible to ensure the command Intel Ovst awareness program is implemented and properly administered. Duties of individuals assigned command oversight awareness responsibilities include: a. Design and implement the command Intel Ovst training and reporting program. b. Submit Intel Ovst program activity reports to the command inspector via the chain of command. c. Ensure the command SJA is consulted as appropriate, but especially as part of the review, investigation, or reporting of Intel Ovst violations or questionable activity. d. If directed, an intelligence specialist may support the command inspector during inspections of subordinate commands.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 3. Staff Judge Advocate. The SJA serves in a legal review and advisory role of Intel Ovst policy and procedures. The role of the SJA may include review of the following: a. Intel Ovst program activity reports submitted by the command. b. Command intelligence activities to ensure they are legal and consistent with applicable policies. c. Reports or investigations of Intel Ovst violations and questionable activities.
MCO 3800.2B 30 Apr 04 SAMPLE QUARTERLY INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT REPORT 3800 IG/G-7 Date From: To: Subj: Ref: Commander, U.S. Marine Force _______ Commandant of the Marine Corps (IGO) QUARTERLY INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT REPORT, ____ QTR, FY ___ (a) MCO 3800.2B
1. Per the reference, the following informational report is submitted. 2. [A statement identifying any intelligence or counterintelligence activity that was illegal, improper, or contrary to applicable laws, statutes, directives, and/or policies, and corrective action taken.] 3. [Identify intelligence oversight activities completed during this quarter (e.g., training, inspections, etc.) and any significant activities planned for the next quarter.] 4. [Provide any additional comments or suggestions for improving the intelligence oversight program developed locally or reported from the field.] 5. [Identify intelligence oversight point of contact and contact information.]
___________ Commander or, By Direction
United States Department Of Defense
Staff (Military)
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A recipe of suffocating defense, even-handed scoring, and savvy spurred Marquette to a 55-33 win over Morgan Township in the IHSAA Sectional 49 championship tilt.
The victory launched the Lady Blazers into regional play for the fourth straight year and extended the club's streak to 37 consecutive victories at the Scholl Center.
The first half was a collection of runs by both sides. Marquette led 6-1 before the Lady Cherokees hit back-to-back threes to nudge ahead 7-6. The Lady Blazers answered with an 11-0 surge to collect its first double-digit lead.
Sophia Nolan tossed in seven points in the first quarter. Dia Rallings contributed five as Marquette led 19-10 after eight minutes.
Morgan Township's duo of Emmy Wells and Emma O'Brien kept it a tight ballgame. The pair combined to record five three-pointers in the first half. The two teams played to a 10-10 tie in the second quarter.
Nolan and Rallings shouldered the scoring load in the second. Both players had 12 at the break of a 31-22 contest.
Marquette gained separation in a third quarter where five players tallied points. Morgan Crook splashed a triple as she accounted for the first five points of the second half. Rallings landed her third trey of the night and the Lady Blazers took a 47-30 advantage into the final frame.
Armed with a comfortable lead, Marquette was content to run its offense and broaden possessions. Emma Nolan registered five points in the fourth quarter to finish with 11 points. She's finished in double figures in every game this season.
Rallings led all scorers with 15 points. Sophia Nolan added 14. Between Rallings and Ally McConnell, the Lady Blazers received 17 points from their bench.
Marquette (23-2) marches on to next Saturday's Caston Regional, where it'll meet the winner of the Oregon-Davis Sectional at 10 am ET/9 am CT.


text:
BEYOND WAR (1 of 8 study sessions)
Highlights of "BEYOND WAR" Study
Session I: An Introduction to Beyond War – June 2008
Social Change—how it happens, historical examples
(This is a compilation of "headlines" and excerpts from the 37 printed pages of Section I, "Beyond War". Rosemary Doyle, Group Facilitator, Citizens for Peace, June 10, 2008.
Participating as a Change Agent, Gayle Landt(Change our way of thinking to build a world of beyond war). What would need to happen in the minds and hearts of how many citizens in order to achieve long-term, life-affirming change? Session I introduces the cornerstones of "a new way of thinking" and puts the work of building a world beyond war into historical context. People who are active in Beyond War are responding to Einstein's 1946 quote "Everything has changed, save our modes of thinking, and we thus drift toward unparalleled catastrophe." The thinking that Beyond War promotes is that war is obsolete in the nuclear age—and it is an ineffective response to terrorism—and that we all live on one planet and the means are the ends in the making. These are the ideas that people must adopt in order to build a world beyond war.
Beyond War: A New Mode of Thinking: (Make the shift and give up the habit of war.) This will require knowledge, decision and action…time has come to give up the ancient habit of war…war is here, not just over there…problem is our mode of thinking…change our thinking that war is inevitable…we are connected through our common needs and cannot separate ourselves…what is fear's role in war…we must be the change…our intention must be nonviolent, nonwar…education is the most effective action…educate on the values of not having a war system but a peace system…history shows that governments and leaders will respond to the will of the people…to resolve a conflict, I must have an attitude of goodwill…I cannot preach peace while waging war at a personal level. THE SHIFT IS A PERSONAL ONE—A NON-WAR ATTITUDE.
(The Section I discussion group responded to the question of "Was there a point in my life when I began to question whether war might not be an option to resolve conflict?" with "during the Korean War; Vietnam War, current war, some were unsure, others never thought about it, and there was commentary on government integrity as it relates to ending wars.)
Beyond War is a revitalized organization which peaked in the 1980's with over 24,000 members in 23 states and several countries. In 1991 it shifted its focus toward cultural and environmental issues and formally became the Foundation for Global Community, 1991.
Optimism of Uncertainty, Howard Zinn: (Super Powers have failed to accomplish their goals because they were unable to control what seemed to be the "powerless".) (Headliners) Don't let those who have power intimidate you…understand that the major media will not tell you all of the acts of resistance taking place every day in the society…power is fragile, it depends on obedience…see engagement as an ongoing struggle with victories and defeats…what leaps out from history of past 100 years is its utter unpredictability…Rosa Parks refused to move from the front of the bus…the Russian revolution to overthrow the Tsar startled most advanced imperial powers with its results…the Chinese revolution…Spain became an astonishment…the end of WIII left two superpowers, U.S. and Russia…the failure of the Soviet Union to have its way in Afghanistan…the U.S. sent an army into Korea but could not win…apparent power has proved vulnerable to human qualities less measurable than bombs and dollars: moral fervor, determination, unity, organization, sacrifice, wit, ingenuity, courage, patience…no cold calculation of the balance of power need deter people who are persuaded that their cause is just…there is a tendency to think that what we see in the present moment will continue…pessimism becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy; it reproduces itself by crippling our willingness to act…the bad things that happen are repetitions of bad things that have always happened…the good things that happen are unexpected…people are not naturally violent or cruel or
greedy, although they can be made so…revolutionary change does not come as one cataclysmic moment but as an endless succession of surprises, moving zigzags toward a more decent society. (This article appears in the book, The Impossible Will Take a Little While, copyright 2004, Paul Rogat Loeb.)
The Process of Social Change, Professor Everett M. Rogers, (Stanford Research Institute, Diffusion of Innovations, Third Edition, New York, MacMillan Free Press, 1983: (The phases of a new idea being adapted.) Studies at Stanford University tell us that when only 5% of a society accepts a new idea, it is "embedded". When 20% adopt the idea, it is "unstoppable." The studies also
show that it normally requires 50% of the population to be "aware" of the idea in order to reach the 5%
who will adopt it. (Related website: http://www.ogc.org/traubman/)
Examples of the Process of Change, Leon Friedman, Civil Rights Reader, 1967; Alan P. Grimes, Equity in America, 1964: (A historical perspective of major social changes, time, and individuals who started the momentum.) It took 200 years to abolish slavery; women's suffrage, 80 years; Civil rights: in 1896 with Supreme Court held that "separate but equal"; in 1954 the Supreme court ruled that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional; in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed; in 1965 President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law.
Dancing With Systems, (Donella Meadows, professor, Dartmouth College. The Sustainability Institute that she founded before her death will publish her uncompleted book: (Do not assume that technology and data analysis will predict and control results.) People in the industrial world are likely to make a terrible mistake in systems analysis, in interconnection and complication, and the power of the computer if they think that there is a key to prediction and control…The goal of foreseeing the future exactly and preparing for it perfectly is unrealizable…The idea of making a complex system do just what you want it to do can be achieved only temporarily at best…We can never fully understand our world, not in the way our reductionistic science has led us to expect. Our science itself, from quantum theory to the mathematics of chaos, leads us into irreducible uncertainty…The future can't be predicted, but it can be envisioned and brought lovingly into being…We can't surge forward with certainty into a world of no surprises, but we can expect surprises and learn from them and even profit from them…We can't impose our will upon a system. We can listen to what the system tells us and discover how its properties and our values can work together to bring forth something much better than could ever be produced by our will alone…We can't control systems or figure them out. But we can dance with them…Get the Beat…Listen to the Wisdom of the System…Expose your Mental Models to the Open Air…Stay Humble, Stay a Learner…Honor and Protect Information…Locate Responsibility in the System…Make Feedback Policies for Feedback Systems…Pay Attention to what is important, not just what is quantifiable…Go for the Good of the Whole…Expand Time Horizons…Expand Thought Horizons…Expand the Boundary of Caring…Celebrate Complexity…Hold Fast to the Goal of Goodness.
Posted by Rosemary Doyle at 10:25 AM No comments:
BEYOND WAR (1 of 8 study sessions) Highlights of ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Негода Олексій Гнатович ( — ) — радянський офіцер, Герой Радянського Союзу (1945).

Життєпис
Народився 18 жовтня 1909 року в селі Ічня (нині місто Чернігівської області України) у селянській родині. Українець. Закінчив сільськогосподарську школу, потім радпартшколу. Працював заступником директора кінного заводу № 42

У Червоній армії з 1931 року. У 1939 році закінчив Курси удосконалення командного складу.

Учасник боїв біля озера Хасан у 1938 році.

На фронтах німецько-радянської війни з жовтня 1941 року.

В 1942 році закінчив прискорений курс Військової академії імені М. В. Фрунзе.

Під час війни командував 171-ю стрілецькою дивізією 3-ї ударної армії 1-го Білоруського фронту. У квітні 1945 року 171-ша стрілецька дивізія під командуванням полковника Негоди прорвала сильно укріплену оборону противника й успішно просунулась до Берліна. 30 квітня 1945 року бойові частини його дивізії підійшли до будівлі рейхстагу взявши участь у його штурмі та встановивши прапор при вході до нього. У жорстоких боях Берлінської операції дивізією було знищено сотні одиниць бойової техніки, понад три тисячі гітлерівців взято в полон.

За уміле керівництво дивізією, зразкове виконання бойових завдань, мужність і героїзм 29 травня 1945 року полковнику Негоді Олексію Гнатовичу було присвоєно звання Героя Радянського Союзу з врученням ордена Леніна і медалі «Золота Зірка».

Після війни Олексій Негода продовжував службу у Збройних Силах СРСР.

З 1951 року полковник Негода О. Г. у запасі. Жив у місті Дніпропетровську. Помер 1 січня 1975. Похований у Дніпропетровську на Алеї Героїв Запорізького кладовища.

Вшанування пам'яті
У лютому 1979 року одна з нових вулиць міста Ічні одержала ім'я Олексія Негоди.

Джерела
 Дані на сайті Чернігівської обласної державної адміністрації

Уродженці Ічні
Учасники битви на озері Хасан
Радянські офіцери Другої світової війни
Герої Радянського Союзу — українці
Герої Радянського Союзу — уродженці України
Поховані на Запорізькому кладовищі

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Baie lekker gebly, dit het net gereen en 'n matjie op die voorstoep sou gehelp het! Plek is netjies en stil en sal weer daar gaan oorbly.
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 * Object representing content-type header
 *
 * @package PHPocket\Web\Headers;
 */
class ContentTypeHeader extends AbstractHeader
{
    protected $_value;
    protected $_charset;

    const PREFIX = 'Content-Type';

    /**
     * Constructs header
     *
     * @param string      $value   desired content-type
     * @param string|null $charset desired charset for text
     */
    public function __construct($value, $charset = null)
    {
        parent::__construct(self::PREFIX);
        $this->_value = strtolower(trim($value));
        $this->_charset = $charset;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a value of header
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getValue()
    {
        if (!empty($this->_charset)) {
            return $this->_value . '; charset=' . $this->_charset;
        } else {
            return $this->_value;
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Vatican City, Oct 18, 2017 / 05:08 am ().- On Wednesday, the Vatican announced that Joseph M. Siegel, until now auxiliary bishop of Joliet, Illinois, will be taking the reins in the diocese of Evansville, Indiana, which has been vacant for several months.
Siegel's appointment was announced in an Oct. 18 communique from the Vatican, and comes just four months after the previous Bishop of Evansville, Charles C. Thompson, was reassigned to Archdiocese of Indianapolis.
The youngest of nine children, Seigel was born in Lockport Township July 18, 1963, and attended Catholic school.
After graduating from St. Charles Borromeo High School, he entered the local seminary where he completed his college education, and was eventually sent to study at the Pontifical North American College in Rome.
He completed his theological studies there, also taking courses at the Pontifical Gregorian and Angelicum Universities.
Siegel was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Joliet March 4, 1988, and assigned to the St. Isidore Parish in Bloomingdale. While serving at the parish, he completed a Licentiate degree in Sacred Theology from the University of St. Mary of the Lake in Mundelein.
Other parish assignments the bishop held include St. Mary Immaculate in Plainfield, St. Mary Nativity in Joliet and the Cathedral of St. Raymond, where he also served as the diocesan Master of Ceremonies. In 2004, Siegel was named pastor of Visitation Parish in Elmhurst.
He served as a member of the diocese's Presbyteral Council for nine years, including three as chairman, and was also appointed to the diocesan Board of Consultors. He also held the role of director of the Continuing Formation for Priests and was a member of the diocesan Vocation Board, the Priest Personnel Board and was the Dean of Eastern Will County.
Within the Catholic Conference of Illinois, Siegel served as a priest-representative on the Executive Committee and was also chairman of the Catholics for Life Department. During the diocesan celebration of the Year of the Eucharist and Eucharistic Congress in Joliet, he chaired the Steering Committee.
Siegel was also a member of the Bishops' Respect Life Advisory Board, and is a fourth degree Knight of Columbus and a member of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre.
He was named auxiliary bishop of Joliet by Benedict XVI in 2009, and received his episcopal ordination in January 2010.
A year later, in December 2010, the bishop was named Apostolic Administrator of Joliet when the previous bishop, J. Peter Sartain, was reassigned to the Archdiocese of Seattle. When Joliet's current bishop, R. Daniel Conlon, was appointed in 2011, Siegel was named the diocese's Vicar General.
In addition to English, the bishop also speaks Spanish and Italian.


text:
Paris show – Mitsubishi goes for bold
GT-PHEV's plug-in hybrid drivetrain offers 750-mile range.
Stay up to date with the latest from The Executivecondominium
The Fiat Tipo is a medium-sized five-door hatchback and estate family car. The current generation model arrived in the UK in the...
The updated Jaguar XE has received positive reviews from the UK motoring media, with an overall Expert Rating that is competitive with its main rivals.
Mazda 3 models with the brand's new Skyactiv-X petrol engine will arrive in showrooms in October, at prices starting from £23,555.
Andrew Charman
Pride of place on the Mitsubishi stand at the Paris Motor Show is the debutant GT-PHEV concept.
The car is described by the Japanese brand as a 'high-end, next-generation SUV', and could evolve into a future range-topping model.
The GT stands for 'Ground Tourer' – the concept being that the car can travel over long distances no matter what the terrain. It showcases Mitsubishi's latest design language and is powered by a plug-in hybrid drivetrain.
The visuals are far bolder than current Mitsubishi product with narrow windows and tall metal, and a swept back windscreen. The vertical light clusters are also a distinctive change to the brand's current look.
However the front end as a whole does follow Mitsubishi's latest 'Dynamic Shield' visual identity, emphasising the safety aspects of the brand's cars, bold chromed streaks on either side of the grille shielding the Three-Diamond badge which is said to create a 3D suggestion of motion.
The GT-PHEV's powertrain is the latest iteration of the plug-in hybrid drivetrain offered in the production Oultander PHEV. In the GT variant it combines a 2.4-litre petrol engine with three electric motors, and can offer a range of up to 75 miles in electric-only mode. Combined with the engine the range can go up to 750 miles.
Andrew is the News and Road Test Editor for The Executivecondominium. He is a member of the Guild of Motoring Writers, and has been testing and writing about new cars for more than 20 years. Today he is well known to senior personnel at the major car manufacturers and attends many new model launches each year.
6. What is voluntary termination of a PCP?
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Biggest Layout | Vacant | Canal Residence
Apartment, Rent | United Arab Emirates, Dubai, Sports City, Venetian Building
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E&V ID AER-R15639
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I agree with the storage and use of my data in accordance with the Privacy Statement, as well as with the treatment of these within the service provider to respond to my contact requests or inquiries.
I agree to process my data for communication purposes. I agree to the transmission of my data. Please consent to the processing of your data.
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Dubai Sports City is the worlds first purpose-built development dedicated to a variety of sporting facilities and academies all in one place. Set on 50 million square feet of land within the Dubailand, Dubai Sports City features magnificent stadiums, a world-class Golf course, residential towers and villas
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Venetian Building: Location and surroundings of this property
Dubai Sports City is the world's first purpose-built development dedicated to a variety of sporting facilities and academies all in one place. It features magnificent stadiums, a world-class Golf course and residential towers & villas. Known for being a quiet locality, DSC exemplify new levels of luxury, modern trends in home design, and unique ways to be pampered by nature Engel & Voelkers is one of the world's leading service companies specializing in the brokerage of residential and commercial properties, yachts and aviation, with 800 offices in over 30 countries. Contact Engel & Voelkers today or visit www.engelvoelkers.com/dubai for further details.
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Engel & Völkers Dubai disclaims any and all warranty and liability for the correctness,up-to-dateness and completeness of the information and data provided on this advertisement.This applies to any other directly or indirectly specified websites to which Engel & Völkers Dubai refers to or which are hyperlinked to our website. Engel & Völkers Dubai is not liable for the content of the information provided.


There's no better way to enjoy all that the scenic Jersey Shore at Sea Girt NJ has to offer than spending an afternoon at the Golf Courses Jersey Shore nearby to The Beacon House; the best Sea Girt Inn offering Lodging Spring Lake NJ. There are numerous Spring Lake Golf courses nearby, and all offer something new and different to your game. The lush green grasses, the ideal climate, and the scenic sights of the Jersey Shore all combine to create fantastic Golf Courses Jersey Shore near the Beacon House, a B & B In Spring Lake NJ. Learn more about New Jersey Shore Vacations to Sea Girt and charming Spring Lake New Jersey, both are phenomenal New Jersey Vacation Spots. The Beacon House has excellent amenities, affordable rates, the only Jersey Shore Hotel in Sea Girt NJ with a pool, and complimentary VIP passes to one of the hottest spots in Jersey Shore Nightlife, The Parker House Restaurant Tavern & Nightclub. Begin learning about all the activities nearby, including Golf Courses Jersey Shore. Or browse to find out about Sea Girt Lanes, NJ Party Fishing Boats, Shopping Sea Girt, the Sea Girt Lighthouse and so much more.
Bel-Aire Golf Club in Wall, New Jersey has a par 3 course and an 18 hole executive course that features 3,100 yards of golf on the longest tee; par of 60. One of the Golf Courses Jersey Shore that offers plenty to every golfer's game, the scenery that abounds and the well kempt blue grasses are a nice touch to a historic course that opened in 1929. A bit further away is Shark River Golf Course in Neptune New Jersey. Shark River was created in 1922 and was designed by Joseph I'Anson; it has 6,194 yards of golf from the longest tees for a par of 71 and is a great golf club near the Jersey Shore, Sea Girt NJ and Spring Lake New Jersey. Lastly, Spring Meadow Golf Course in Wall Township/Farmingdale NJ is one of the very popular Golf Courses Jersey Shore. A municipal course, Spring Meadow Golf Course is one of the best courses near Spring Lake featuring 5,943 yards of golf from the longest tees. New Jersey Golf Courses Spring Meadow is definitely a place where many enjoy playing a round.
There are numerous other Golf Courses Jersey Shore near Sea Girt that are a bit further out. Below you will find a list of Golf Courses Jersey Shore that are within a short drive of The Beacon House B & B In Spring Lake NJ. Start planning Jersey Shore Vacations today; in addition to the many amenities and rooms within the Sea Girt Inn, The Beacon House Sea Girt NJ Bed and Breakfast also has Sea Girt NJ Summer Rentals available for week long stays or longer. Looking for luxury Lodging Spring Lake NJ near the best places to enjoy Jersey Shore Nights? The Beacon House is our Sea Girt Inn and Jersey Shore Hotel for New Jersey Shore Getaways. Review information on Shopping Sea Girt and the Jersey Shore Outlet, Jersey Shore Nights at some of the best Sea Girt Bars, Jersey Shore Clubs near Sea Girt, and the finest dining at the Restaurants Sea Girt NJ. The Beacon House is perfect for New Jersey Corporate Gatherings and can accommodate guests for New Jersey Shore Weddings. Think about Jersey Shore Girls Trips, Spa Getaways in New Jersey and fun summer Jersey Shore Vacations at The Beacon House in Sea Girt NJ.


I was talking to my one year old grandson the other day in Kansas, and explaining to him the fact that writing is required to have a civilization, or at least some form of visual symbolism. Somehow, even civil people go over the edge of decorum occasionally - let's try better not to be rude to our members, and civilly state our positions.
I get it how some comments and opinions might affect negative written responses, but I would ask our members to simply preview their posts, and edit out the negatives and give all us guys and gals, even the ALFA company and their folks common courtesies in our writings, working towards solutions.
Bobbybear, Jay-Ten, Gator1 and 2 others like this.
Don't Panic! The truth is out there.
Great advise TiSport, not only for this forum but in online communication in general. This seems to be an etiquette that has been forgotten. If you can't say something positive or answer with a constructive answer just don't post and move to the next thread.


At COI, we believe in creating environments that are not only good for the environment at large but also good for you and your organization.
We believe in creating spaces that stand the test of time and back this belief with warranties on many of our products and a full service crew to help maintain your spaces long after installation.
We believe in creating spaces that promote health and safety. This starts on day one. COI is rated with the best in the province for operational safety. Our crews are factory trained and certified, but beyond that, we collaborate and train with world class organizations to keep our work environments free from hazards and exposures. All employees have the right, responsibility and training necessary to fulfill their job requirements in the safest possible manner.
Spaces that help you thrive. Our design is based on your design. We design your space to adapt to you, letting you move and work the way your body was meant to. Whoever you are and however you work, we're here to help you thrive.
As you can see, sustainability means more then ecology to us. But, we are committed when it comes to being environmental stewards. If your project is LEED we can provide consultation assistance through our extensive recycling program. If your existing furniture or flooring needs to be disposed of, we have programs to divert waste from landfills. Many of our suppliers are industry leaders providing Greenguard and Cradle to Cradle certified products.
Shaw Contract Group has installed two billion square feet of it's Cradle to Cradle Ecoworx carpet worldwide. This program has taken years to establish but now guarantees reclamation or recycling.
We are also proud to partner with Herman Miller as they strive for an impressive goal of having a zero carbon footprint by 2020.
Herman Miller's interest in the environment began with the strong convictions of its Founder, D.J. De Pree, who believed that corporations, like people, should see themselves as stewards. This commitment to the environment has taken shape through almost 50 years of programs, initiatives and the many contributions of individuals and teams. During this time, concern for the environment has become part of Herman Miller's corporate life - with architecture, product design and operations.


text:
CHINA FRANCE Issue dated 03/09/2014
China: Airbus holds out to ex-agents
Airbus Group is resisting the efforts of a network of former consultants to sue it for alleged non-payment of commission on deals in China. [...]
The entire article (367 words) may be accessed by subscribers or e-wallet users
This article: 6 EUR
Special report FRANCE 28/07/2017
Tom Enders drags Airbus Group into anti-corruption maelstrom
The top management of the Airbus Group is in a state of extreme schizophrenia. Chief executive Tom Enders, who has been engaged in a complete and sometimes brutal reorganization of [...]
EUROPE 13/07/2016
What the SFO is looking for at Airbus
Skeletons are tumbling out of the closet at the European aircraft manufacturer amid an anti-corruption probe by the UK's Serious Fraud Office. [...]
Spotlight EUROPE 08/07/2015
Enders takes hatchet to Airbus' sales ops
Caught up in a row over commission with one of its former sales agents in China, Airbus is determined not to find itself in the same situation in the future. To protect the European aircraft and defence company going forward, [. [...]
CHINA FRANCE 14/01/2015
Airbus shuts down "Bullshit Castle"
The European defence company has severed its ties with an array of export agents and is to close the international department that used to deal with them. [...]
TURKEY EUROPE 12/11/2014
Airbus in new corruption scandal
The Turkish government is investigating the alleged payment of illegal kickbacks to Turkish officials by Airbus Helicopters, the former Eurocopter. [...]
HONGKONG 01/10/2014
Dilsat Atus, Airbus' Uighur go-between
According to our sources, Dilsat Atus, a Chinese Uighur businessman, is now Airbus' main consultant on sales to China. Atus worked for many years with two consultants now taking legal action against the company. [...]
TURKEY 03/09/2014
Okan Tapan, Airbus' discreet Turkish agent
A key intermediary for several oil traders in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Okan Tapan has also worked for many years for Airbus, the former EADS, in Turkey and China. [...]
FRANCE CHINA JAPAN 18/06/2014
Paris' business ambassadors go east
Maurice Gourdault Montagne and Thierry Dana, France's new ambassadors in China and Japan, have extensive business experience. [...]
FRANCE CHINA 19/02/2014
Airbus's Chinese problem
The Airbus group, formerly EADS, is being asked for huge sums by its former Chinese commercial agents. [...]
Airbus Group
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This weekend we have had a fantastic turnout, keep working hard Novem! You folks are doing awesome. We had a special visitor this weekemd, Emily from CrossFit Center City. Emily placed in 58th in the open earning a spot to go on to compete in this years 2012 CrossFit Regionals. Congrats on all your hard work Emily! Keep it up!
Previous: WOD 042112: Jackie, Karen, Eva… Oh My!


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text:
/*]]>*/ EDF Renewables Announces New Identity, Reorganization - Solar Industry
Home Solar News Business Operations EDF Renewables Announces New Identity, Reorganization
EDF Renewables Announces New Identity, Reorganization
Starting today, more than 20 international subsidiaries of EDF Energies Nouvelles will operate under the brand EDF Renewables.
In North America specifically, EDF Renewable Energy, EDF Renewable Services, EDF EN Canada, EDF EN Mexico and groSolar will transition to the new visual identity in their respective geographic and business areas of expertise.
The decision to unify under a consistent mark worldwide supports the international expansion of renewable energies by the EDF Group and reinforces a common commitment to clean power across all entities, the company says.
EDF Renewables North America is building on its core areas of expertise by organizing the business around three primary lines: grid-scale power, distributed solutions and asset optimization.
Grid-scale power focuses on origination, development, construction and financing of onshore and offshore wind, solar photovoltaic energy, and energy storage projects.
Ryan Pfaff, executive vice president of development, says, "Since 2002, EDF Renewables has brought more than 10 GW of wind, solar and energy storage projects to market across North America. The grid-scale power team leverages this diverse experience, along with a robust pipeline, to provide clients with customized solutions that address their renewable energy challenges and add value to their operations."
Distributed solutions represents the company's expanded service offerings in solar, solar-plus-storage, electric vehicle charging stations and energy management systems. The business line merges the groSolar subsidiary, acquired in 2016, with the distributed electricity and storage group to strengthen both offerings and shared expertise.
Jamie Resor, CEO of distributed solutions, says, "In the coming months, the distributed solutions team will be energizing distributed solar projects in multiple states, from California to Massachusetts. Our fully integrated renewables platform provides clients with local and innovative solutions that reduce energy costs and deliver green power, on both sides of the meter."
Asset optimization aligns operations and maintenance (O&M) with asset management.
Larry Barr, executive vice president of O&M, says, "Closer collaboration between O&M and asset management will allow us to collectively extract additional value from our generating assets through development of service solutions. Once proven, these solutions to maximize productivity can then be quickly deployed to third-party customers. The new structure will enhance our unique advantage as an owner-operator to bring an owner's perspective to external customers."
Teck Purchases SunMine Solar Facility
Duke Energy Renewables Adds to its Solar Portfolio


Available only on the Corvallis campus.
Designed for students pursuing careers as outdoor recreation planners and managers in public land management agencies and non-profit organizations at local, state, and federal levels. Students study land management, the process of permitting, and laws relevant to outdoor recreation. They create monitoring and assessment protocols for recreation resources in natural settings, and they learn to respectfully engage with individuals and groups that may have diverse perspectives and priorities regarding recreation opportunities. Students are trained to facilitate understanding and conflict resolution across these individuals and groups.
Plus additional free electives if necessary to meet university requirement of 180 minimum credits.
Note: FOR 460 ^FOREST POLICY is listed in two places but may be counted only once. If selected to meet one requirement then a different class must be selected to meet the other requirement.


You will learn more about Scouting If you are a boy who is in grades 6 – 10 and likes: Camping, hiking, rifle shooting, swimming, playing sports, learning new skills, helping others, having fun and making new friends? Then Boy Scouts is for YOU!
Robert will be conducting his eagle service project, he will be expanding the existing garden at the Bowie Food Pantry. Please come out and support this service event.
We need parts A, B and C for all Scouts and adults going to summer camp and we will need new parts A and B for those who do not go to summer camp. If we do not have updated medical forms your Scout will not be allowed to go camping with us.
Also, we will be sending home a hold harmless form for all who plan to do COPE at summer camp. The forms must be returned by 9 June so that they can be sent to the camp before we depart. I am going to encourage all parents to sign one of the hold harmless forms because the camp has a great indoor climbing wall that will be open to any Scout who has a release form and has the time period for open climb available.
The summer camp is requesting all medical forms and release forms and the swim test results be sent to the camp 2 weeks before we arrive. They want our forms not later than the 19th of June. The early receipt of forms will aid our check in process on 3 July.
Thank you for supporting our troop as we continue to provide a healthy, educational, and fun outlet for the youth in your community, Our profits and any tax deductible donations will be used for Troop events, equipment, provisions, and expenses.
The troop had wonderful day on the Ski slopes. 15 Scouts and adults were able to get some late season skying done in 50 degree weather.