text:
For UN, a Widening Gap Between Rhetoric and Reality
June 17, 2016 by Alex J. Bellamy
UN vehicles deliver aid to rebel-held areas previously cut off by Bashar al-Assad's forces. Douma, Syria, June 10, 2016. (Abd Doumany/AFP/Getty Images)
Earlier this week, a damning report from advocacy group The Syria Campaign accused the United Nations of breaching its humanitarian principles by prioritizing cooperation with the Assad government "at all costs." This is not the first time that such charges have been leveled. An internal inquiry into the UN's response to the final days of the decades-long Sri Lankan civil war found that officials privileged maintaining good relations with the Colombo regime over their responsibilities to protect human rights.
What is more, the UN has recently been at the receiving end of an avalanche of revelations that it has succumbed to pressure from it member states over its reporting and language:
Australia lobbied hard to ensure that UNESCO removed the Great Barrier Reef from a list of endangered world heritage sites, despite near universal consensus among scientists studying the reef that it is, indeed, deeply at risk as a result of climate change and runoffs from coastal farms and industrial plants.
Saudi Arabia threatened to defund UN programs, and to encourage other Islamic countries to do the same, if the UN did not remove a report's references to patterns of violations against children in Yemen committed by the Saudi-led coalition.
Morocco threatened to withdraw support for UN operations in retaliation for Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon referring to Western Sahara as "occupied," despite the fact that this is precisely the legal situation in that part of the world until a referendum on its future can be held.
Myanmar insisted that UN officials refrain from using the term "Rohingya" to refer to an ethnic minority in that country and has threatened to withdraw cooperation with any that do. Some, such as the Secretary-General's Special Envoy Vijay Nambiar, have complied with the regime's demand, overlooking the right of groups to self-identify. Others, such as Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Yanghee Lee continue to use the label and have faced vilification because of it.
In some ways, these controversies are thoroughly unremarkable. The UN is, after all, a club of sovereign states. Its Secretariat, and its funds and programs, are there to serve the wishes of, and are accountable to, these member states. In that context we might expect back and forth between states and UN officials about reports, terminologies, and judgments. That, after all, is the regular business of politics. New York houses 193 permanent missions whose job, let us not forget, is to serve the interests and whims of their own government, not the lofty ideals of the UN Charter. That is very much a secondary consideration for most member states.
These controversies might even be seen as signs of the system's underlying health. On the one hand, it shows that member states care about what the UN—and other members of the international community—think about them. The organization is not, then, just the idle talking shop its critics claim it to be. Its reports, language, and terminology are sufficiently consequential—even if only in reputational terms—that member states will go to great lengths to influence them, even at the risk of embarrassing themselves in the process.
On the other hand, it shows that in an increasingly globalized world, the UN's remit is widening and deepening. Systemic reports on violations of children's rights in armed conflict are a new thing; the UN's role in Myanmar is also relatively nascent and expanding; its humanitarian operation inside Syria is unprecedented for enjoying a mandate to cross an international boundary without host state consent. As the international community takes on more responsibility for human security and human protection, it will inevitably reach into areas that some states are uncomfortable with. Given its widening and deepening mandates, one might think that if the UN is not running into these sorts of controversies it is probably not doing its job properly.
Beyond that, though, these political games reveal some deeply disturbing trends that do not bode well for the future. In particular, there is a widening gap between the commitments and mandates established by member states and their actual practice. Confronted by evidence that their actions are not in accordance with their obligations, states are preferring to shoot the messenger rather than change their own course. And they are getting away with it. Australia is "committed" to the climate change goals of UNESCO but not when it comes to open reporting of the situation in the Great Barrier Reef; Syria is a party to the core conventions of international humanitarian law and is bound by Security Council resolutions yet refuses to grant even basic access without monetary and other concessions; Saudi Arabia, too, is bound by international law and Security Council decisions yet prefers to squash reports showing compelling evidence that it is violating its legal obligations; the same is true of Myanmar and Morocco.
But the problem goes much wider than this. The Saudi coalition is backed by three permanent members of the Security Council—the same members that mandated the naming and shaming of armed groups that violate the rights of children in armed conflict. Yet none of these permanent members have denounced Saudi Arabia's clear attempt to subvert the will of the Council. Nor has any other state, or group of states, offered backing to the UN, for example, by offering to cover financial shortfalls should the Saudis withdraw funding. Meanwhile, the Syrian government is backed both militarily and politically by one permanent member and politically by a second. Again, neither of these have denounced the regime's all too obvious violation of demands that they themselves have issued through the Security Council. Not only, therefore, is there a growing gap between what states say and what they do, there is an increasingly obvious reluctance to hold states to their commitments.
Left unattended, the gap between rhetoric and reality will be filled with cynicism, leading to a loss of legitimacy and credibility. In addressing accusations of the UN's failures, former Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold once famously asked: "Do we refer to the purposes of the Charter? They are expressions of universally shared ideals which cannot fail us, though we, alas, often fail them. Or do we think of the institutions of the United Nations? They are our tools. We fashioned them. We use them. It is our responsibility to remedy any flaws there may be in them…"
The UN is the creation of member states and its fate lies, ultimately, in their hands. It is for these member states themselves to decide whether or not their words and commitments carry credibility, and whether they really mean it when they say that they want to protect children in armed conflict, deliver humanitarian aid to Syria, or recognize the Rohingya in Myanmar. But if they want to avoid the looming crisis of credibility, these states will need to do more to close the gap between what they say and what they do when it comes to international peace and security.
Analysissyria, united-nations
by Alex J. Bellamy
Alex Bellamy is Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies and Director of the Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, at the University of Queensland, Australia. He is also Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and a Non-resident Senior Adviser at the International Peace Institute (IPI).
More articles by this author → Follow @Alex_J_Bellamy
Does the UN Need a More Coherent Approach Toward "De Facto" Authorities?
January 6, 2023 by Damian Lilly
As a result of shifting dynamics in certain conflicts, as well as recent coups, the UN is having to engage with de facto authorities in a growing number of country contexts.
Analysisunited-nations
Reflecting the UN's Core Mission in its Counterterrorism Efforts: Interview with Fionnuala Ní Aoláin
November 30, 2022 by Agathe Sarfati, Eimer Curtin and William Lighthart
UN Special Rapporteur Fionnuala Ní Aoláin discusses the challenges that emerge as states increasingly frame conflict and violence through a terrorism lens, rather than a peace lens, and the repercussions for local mediation and human rights endeavors.
Interviewshuman-rights, terrorism, united-nations
Countering Right-wing Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Is There a Role For the UN?
August 23, 2022 by Naureen Chowdhury Fink & Michaela Millender
The UN counterterrorism architecture was written broadly though its application has been largely focused on two groups: al-Qaeda and Daesh. With transnational dimensions growing in right-wing terrorism, is there a role for international organizations like the UN?
Analysisterrorism, united-nations
A Crisis of Consent in UN Peace Operations
August 2, 2022 by Anjali Dayal
Last week, at least 15 people died in protests demanding UN peacekeepers leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The week before, the military junta ruling Mali halted troop rotations for the UN mission there and ejected the mission's deputy spokesperson. These incidents highlight…
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The 2022 UN Peacekeeping Budget: Signs of Progress or a Fleeting Moment of Consensus?
July 20, 2022 by Daniel Forti
Member states agreed to an overall increase in the peacekeeping budget for the first time in seven years, and they endorsed a resolution that considers a wide range of operational, financial, and personnel issues impacting UN operations around the world. But by digging deeper into the newly…
Analysispeacekeeping, united-nations


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The crisis in school places: is Brexit the quick fix?
rpinto_anglodeutsch26/05/2016Brexit / EU Referendum, Education, European Union, Future of the EU, Miscellaneous, Politics, Referendum, The British QuestionAngloDeutsch™ Blog, brexit, Britain, central government, EU, EU referendum, EU28, European Union, freedom of movement, future of EU, immigration, local government, local pressures, Michael Gove, population forecasts, Priti Patel, public services, Referendum, school places, surge, TUC, unsustainable pressures
With about a month to go before the EU referendum scheduled to take place on 23 June 2016, high-profile Brexiteers keep pushing the line or argument that it is because of the European Union´s (EU) freedom of movement of people that Britain has major problems with its public services, not least health (EU health tourism), housing (being priced out by EU migrants), benefits (EU benefit tourism), education (too few places due to EU immigrant families), etc.
I have already discussed some of the arguments (see links above), so now attention turns to another major public policy concern in the Brexit: education. If it true that the education system is under pressure specifically because of immigration from the EU, then this could be a reason for considering leaving Brexit from the EU.
On the other hand, if the pressures for educational places predate 2004, when the EU immigration to the UK started in earnest, or if EU migration is only one factor among others that are causing the particular problem of pressures for school places, then it is also reasonable to discuss those other issues, thus putting EU immigration in context.
After all, everyone knows that government has ultimate responsibility for securing public goods which the market cannot deliver on its own: where an important public policy gap is diagnosed, it is for government to devote the necessary public funds to correct the market failure. No one is suggesting that Brussels is responsible for education (or housing construction, funding hospitals and clinics, etc.), not even the Brexiteers.
My kingdom for a school place!
In a clear echo of their diagnosis of the nature of the crisis in the health sector (i.e. the NHS is at breaking point because of EU health tourism and similar), the Brexiteers they are once again pressing the crisis button and pointing in the direction of Brussels: the school system is under "huge and unsustainable pressure" from a dramatic rise in the number of children from European migrants' families. Ms Priti Patel, the pro Leave Employment Minister, echoing her now familiar anti-EU immigration refrain, keeps making comments such as: "These figures show how the EU's open borders policies, and the uncontrolled immigration that stems from that, is leading to huge and unsustainable pressures on our schools."
This possibility is deeply troubling for the average British family, so let us try to unpack this issue.
First of all, it is clear that Ms Patel and her bedfellows are not making allegations about the performance of the school system. There, it is clear that educational performance is a long running concern that cannot be pinned on the EU: Britain is responsible for the national curriculum, the schools and the teachers, not the EU. In any case, Britain has a long and proud history of accepting children whose mother tongue is not English and turning them into integrated citizens. Furthermore, the experience of EU migrant's children has generally been positive in pushing up standards, especially in the urban areas where EU and other migrants tend to concentrate. So instead, the Brexiteers are focusing on the issue of insufficient school places (i.e. the unsustainable pressure bit) and pointing to EU immigration as the reason for the crisis.
So the central question to be asked is: are there sufficient places for school age children in the UK?
The answer is a clear and unequivocal "yes". At the national level there is a notable surplus of both primary and secondary school places.
While Ms Patel and other Brexiteers are pointing the accusing finger of blame in the direction of EU immigrants, even Migration Watch, an initiative that maintains that immigration is neither properly managed nor sustainable and thus has an impeccable Brexit pedigree, says otherwise:
"There are currently 4.416 million primary school places in England and 4.011 million pupils on school rolls which means there are 434,000 unfilled places. At the moment the number of unfilled places as a percentage of total places is 9.8%… The current number of secondary school places in England is 3.637 million while the current number of pupils is 3.191 million. This means that there are over 450,000 places currently unfilled. The number of unfilled place as a percentage of total places is currently 12.9%." (emphasis added, 2014 data).
The real issue is that Britain's fertility rate combined with immigration has resulted in a projected increase in school age children, which will feed into the school system from 2018 to 2020, as illustrated in the chart below.
So the point is not that there are currently unsustainable pressures but that in the future there might be unsustainable pressures if the British government fails to act. Perhaps this is what Ms Patel actually means, as opposed to what she and the rest of the Leave campaign are implying. Either way, the effect on the average voter can be imagined.
Responding to present or future school place demand is categorically not the responsibility of the EU or of EU citizens who choose lo live in Britain, as is their right to do.
It would be absurd to blame the large numbers of Britons living in France and Spain for causing unsustainable health / housing / education, etc. pressures there. Relatively little of the projected increase in demand for UK school places can possibly be attributed to EU immigrants. Generally speaking, they tend to be younger, better educated and single, factors which tend not to be correlated with large families and thus disproportionate number of school age children. As far as I can tell Britons, including Ms Priti Patel and Mr Nigel Farage, as well non-EU migrants who make-up the majority of the annual immigration to the UK, also find the time to make babies. British children clearly and unequivocally make-up vast majority of the children taking-up places in the schools.
When it comes to forecasts about future school places, it is the responsibility of Ms Priti Patel, Mr Boris Johnson, Mr Michael Gove (former Secretary of State for Education (2010-2014) and previously Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007 – 2010)), Mr David Cameron, Mr David Osborne, etc. to ensure that resources are allocated to meet those needs. Since politicians keep on about our children being our future, one would expect them to get on with funding the necessary school places, so as to avoid any future unsustainable pressure from a well-documented surge in school age children. Is this too much to expect of a responsible government and its leading ministers?
Bread today, not tomorrow
It would not be appropriate to suggest that the problem of school places is only about the future: it is also about today. The point is that demand for school places varies from location to location. Some schools are much more attractive than others for the simple reason that some perform much better academically than others. Most parents want to send their children not just to the nearest local school but to the best performing nearest school, since this is likely to affect their educational performance and thus their chances of getting to university and land a good job. That is a perfectly rational desire on their part.
But the result is that in high demand locations/schools, the parents' first choice of school may or may not work out. The issue is thus not one of not getting a school place, whatever the Brexiteers may imply (though it may come to that in the future), but of getting a place in the school that the parents would prefer their child to attend. The better schools will always attract more demand for school places than they can possibly satisfy. In this context, available primary and secondary school places may not match demand for specific schools in particular parts of the country, especially in urban areas. In some places, it is possible that simply not enough school places are available to cope with demand.
None of this is new, unusual or driven by EU immigration.
Since demand and supply vary across time and space, it is up to central and local government to meet that future demand (based on population projections), as well as current demand in hot spots. This is at the core of governance, which includes taking into account the fact that EU migration not only happens, but has been happening since even before the UK joined in 1973. Nothing new there, though the scale of EU immigration has increased since 2004. That is nothing new either, so the responsible individuals have had more than enough time to factor it into their planning.
It is up to each local authority not only to ensure that there are sufficient school places, but also to promote parental choice, diversity and fair access.
If there are access hot spots in particular locations, would you blame the parents for choosing to live in those parts of the country or wanting to send their kids to be best possible schools? If there are particular areas with insufficient school places, would you blame people for still wanting and expecting their children to get a school place? If there are problems, I would point to central and local government for failing to act according to the population forecasts and patterns of demand. There is absolutely no rocket science and there are no sudden unexpected factors involved. The nationality of the children or parents involved is irrelevant, except if some choose to make a political issue out of it.
The Department for Education is tasked with making capital funding available to establish new schools and maintain existing ones. For their part, local authorities argue that they cannot cope with the funding pressures: in 2014, 3 out of 4 claimed that capital funding for new places was insufficient. The National Union of Teachers argues that where there is a school places crisis, it is caused by the curtailment of local authorities' powers and the centralisation of decisions over where to build new schools.
I can see that a problem exists in the policy nexus between the Department of Education, local authorities and the National Union of Teachers. What I fail to see is how Ms Priti Patel can attribute blame to EU immigrants when she and her fellow Brexiteers, such as Mr Gove, have systematically failed to perform their day job. It is British politicians and ministers who are paid to assess, plan and fund school places (and housing and health services and infrastructure and all the rest of public goods that only government policy can deliver) according to changing patterns of national, regional, local and micro demand. This applies equally to all public services.
Surely Ms Patel and Mr Gove can understand this point and their own role in the future availability or otherwise of primary and secondary school places? But fear not, it is not too late. There are still a few years before the looming school place crisis hits the school system (see chart above), so they may as well just get on with building the necessary schools, rather than blaming all and sundry for national and local politicians' own policy failings. It is not just a bit too convenient to push the blame for public policy failures to someone else?
Scapegoating immigrants is never a pretty sight and can be downright dangerous.
With her background, Ms Priti Patel should understand this point much better than most even if the EU referendum, so dear to her ideological heart, may be at stake. I acknowledge that for someone with an immigration background in theReferendum Party and now the Conservative Party, talking tough about EU immigration may be some sort of mark of distinction, but she has to be fair and reasonable in apportioning blame for the problem. As far as I am concerned, that particular bar is set even higher for senior members of the British government with constant access to the media. With power should come at least a sense of proportion, if not responsibility. The longer the Brexit debate goes on and the more the polls shift slowly towards Remaining, the more shrill the Brexit case become. The same could be said about the Remain campaign to some extent, though the focus is different.
One is tenuous and based on the premise that EU immigrants are to blame for almost all the public policy problems (housing, education, health, etc.). The other talks principally about the economic consequences of leaving on taxes, wages, pensions, house prices, jobs, etc. This claim and counter claims muddy the waters and confuse the public prior to what will undoubtedly be the most important vote for a generation. However, this decision cannot possibly be reduced to just the issue of EU immigration, no matter how emotive it may be. Apart from anything else, British people returning home to the UK, together with non-EU immigration, constitute a larger portion of annual net migration than does EU immigration.
Returning to the issues of school places, let us keep things simple: any way you choose to look at it, Brexit cannot possibly be a quick fix for the forthcoming crisis in school places at primary and secondary school level. The surge in school age children is coming because of fertility rates: that means first and foremost Britons, as well as non-EU immigrants and EU immigrants. Why single out the least important contributing factor that is dwarfed by the impact of Britons themselves? Leaving the EU will change little in this respect, not least because EU migrants are attracted by work, are younger, are better educated and are more mobile, all of which tend to reduce fertility levels compared to the UK average.
Neither will Brexit affect well-established and long-standing local patterns of demand for the better performing schools. That is, unless Brexit is to be combined with forcing non-native Britons back to the other EU-27 countries. This is something which has been ruled out by everyone, even UKIP, since it would prompt a retaliatory reverse flow of almost as many Britons back to the UK. Apart from unleashing unpredictable forces in Europe (there are enough of those around at the moment) for very little gain, it would be one heck of a mess to sort out.
Blaming is easy, solving is not
So if Brexit is not the answer to the coming surge in school age children, as well as the high local demand for certain schools in particular locations, what would improve matters? There no prizes for guessing the answers:
The UK government (Department of Education and Chancellor of the Exchequer) should take its responsibility seriously and allocate the capital funding today in order to create the necessary new school places tomorrow and relieve localised pressure for school places.
Local government should ensure that public funds result in schools being built in the right locations, especially in high demand urban areas, while also ensuring fair access in demand hot spots so as to avoid accentuating social segregation.
Ms Priti Patel and the rest of the Brexiteers, not least Mr Michael Gove, should acquire a bit of humility and refrain from pinning their and their fellow British politicians' own long-standing public policy failings (e.g. housing provision, NHS funding, capital funding for school, etc.) on the EU and scapegoating EU immigrants at the same time.
Now that would be a nice start in actually trying to solve at least one of Britain´s public policy challenges.
Will it happen? Fat chance.
It is much easier and politically rewarding to keep pointing the finger at EU immigrants. In the past, that finger was pointed at any old immigrant. These days, in the lead-up to the EU referendum, it is no coincidence that it is EU immigrants that are singled out.
And what happens after the 23rd of June 2016, when it has become normal and acceptable to blame Britain´s long-standing public policy ills (e.g. access to housing, access to education, access to health, benefits abuse, etc.) on foreigners, rather than the Britons who are responsible for policy-making, planning and funding? Will Britons wake-up and find that those public services have miraculously improved? Scapegoating is far too easy; trying to understand the problems and then solving them is much, much harder.
"It's too easy to criticize a man when he's out of favour, and to make him shoulder the blame for everybody else's mistakes." ― Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace
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text: United States midfi elder Julie Ertz (8) and Costa Rica midfi elder Raquel Chacon (20) collide as they go for a header while Costa Rica forward Maria Salas (17), midfi elder Lindsey Horan (9) and midfi elder Katherine Alvarado (16) look on during the fi rst half of a CONCACAF women's Olympic qualifying soccer match Monday, Feb. 3, 2020, in Houston. Associated Press / Michael Wyke Caribbean L 50 ife, February 7-13, 2020 Coach Education Program, a key part of the new "Cricket First" strategy and investment plan to develop coaches and players to strengthen cricket in the West Indies for long-term success. CWI said in a statement that newlyappointed education manager, Chris Brazon, international and franchise coaches will be working together to develop a framework as to how all coaches in the region will work together to improve player development and shape the players of the future. Adams said he is pleased that CWI is putting resources behind player development through the strengthening of its coaching pathway, adding, "we need to have all our coaches in the region playing a consistent and integrated role in player development and this forum will be a significant part of the process". Following the West Indies coaches forum, Brazon will visit all regional franchises to meet with regional pathway coaches to understand how CWI can better support them and how all coaches can work together with the new education program. By Azad Ali West Indies Under-19 crashed out of the ICC Under-19 World Cup after a shocking two-wicket defeat to New Zealand and missed out on a spot in the final four of the One-Day International (ODI) last week in South Africa. The regional team dropped four catches, missed a vital run out while conceding 38 runs from the last three full overs, as they squandered a winning position. Defending 238 runs at Willomoore Park, the Caribbean side reduced the young Kiwis to 153 for eight in the 35th over after left-arm spinner Ashmead Nedd had ripped through the innings with an excellent spell of three for 33 runs from his 10 overs. But eventual Man-of-the-Match, Kristian Clarke, with an unbeaten 46 and Joey Field, 38 not out, displayed composure and maturity beyond their years in a record unbroken ninth-wicket partnership of 86, to turn the game into a nail-biting finish for New Zealand to gain victory with two balls to spare. Clarke struck three fours and a six off 42 balls, while Field faced 58 balls and counted three fours. With the pressure mounting, West Indies' fielding fell apart and New Zealand capitalized to whittle down a required asking rate from nearly 11 by taking 14 runs from both the 47th and 48th overs and another 10 from the 49th over. order to increase attendances. "I want to take all the politics out of the decision-making when it comes to allocating games," Grave told the Mason and Guest cricket show in Barbados. He noted that the biggest crowd in the West Indies vs Ireland series was Grenada, which did not have cricket between 2015 and 2019 and it is important to spread cricket around the international grounds. Grave is hoping that the board continues to support the policy where every international ground will get either a Test match or two either T20s or ODIs or combination of every single year. The Ireland series, comprising One- Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 Internationals — the first international homes series this year, was Barbados, Grenada and St. Kitts. When the New Zealand team arrives in July, the white-ball series will be hosted in Antigua, Dominica, and Guyana, with Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia and Jamaica staging matches on South Africa's full tour of the Caribbean in July and August. determined on Tuesday when Canada plays Mexico on Tuesday in Edinburg, Texas. The winner of that match will avoid the top-ranked Americans. Press extended her scoring streak to four straight games with a goal in the fourth minute. Lindsey Horan, who had a hat trick in the U.S. team's 8-0 victory over Panama on Friday, scored some six minutes later. Press, who plays for Utah of the National Women's Soccer League, added her second goal in the 36th minute. Mewis scored on a free kick by Press in the 63rd minute and Jessica McDonald added a goal in the 77th before Mewis' second goal, which appeared to just barely hit the line after deflecting down off the crossbar. The crowd at Houston's BBVA Compass Stadium was announced at 7,082. Already eliminated, Haiti beat Panama 6-0 in the other group game earlier in the day. Costa Rica rested top players Shirley Cruz and Raquel Rodriguez in anticipation of the semifinals on Friday. The U.S. has qualified for every Olympics since women's soccer was introduced in 1996, and has won the gold medal four times. The team has five consecutive titles in the qualifying tournament. Six teams have already made the field for Tokyo: Japan, Brazil, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden and New Zealand. Continued from Page 49 Cricket West Indies CEO, Johnny Grave. https://pbs.twimg.com Continued from Page 49 Continued from Page 49 US WOMEN QUALIFIES IN GROUP No politics in match venues Coaches forum WI Under 19 fails to qualify /pbs.twimg.com /pbs.twimg.com


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NGC 6124 (noto anche come C 75) è un brillante ammasso aperto visibile nel sud della costellazione dello Scorpione.

Osservazione

Si individua con facilità circa 5 gradi a ovest del brillante gruppo stellare concentrato attorno all'ammasso NGC 6231, in un tratto della Via Lattea fortemente oscurato da polveri interstellari; con un binocolo è già ben evidente la sua natura di ammasso stellare, tanto che sono riconoscibili alcune stelle gialle e rossastre di magnitudine 8 e 9. Un piccolo telescopio permette una completa risoluzione in diverse decine di stelle anche a bassi ingrandimenti e mette in evidenza alcune concatenazioni orientate in senso nordovest-sudest.

A causa della sua declinazione piuttosto meridionale, quest'ammasso può essere osservato principalmente da osservatori situati nell'emisfero australe della Terra, sebbene sia comunque osservabile discretamente anche fino alle latitudini temperate medie. Il periodo migliore per la sua osservazione nel cielo serale è quello compreso fra giugno e ottobre.

Storia delle osservazioni
L'ammasso è stato osservato per la prima volta da Nicolas Louis de Lacaille nel 1751, durante il periodo in cui si trovava a Città del Capo; fu in seguito rivisto da William Herschel e da suo figlio John, che lo inserì nel suo General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters.

Caratteristiche
NGC 6124 è un ammasso moderatamente ricco e contrastato, situato alla distanza di 512 parsec (1670 anni luce) sul bordo interno del Braccio di Orione, al di là delle stelle dell'Associazione Scorpius-Centaurus; contiene diverse giganti rosse e stelle evolute, che lasciano intendere un'età leggermente avanzata, stimata in effetti sui 140 milioni di anni. La presenza di banchi di gas oscuro nei dintorni fa sì che le stelle dell'ammasso appaiano soggette ad arrossamento differenziale.

Effetti della polarizzazione della luce sono ben evidenti nelle stelle dell'ammasso e sono dovuti anch'essi alla presenza di nubi oscure lungo la linea di vista, in particolare per la presenza della Nube del Lupo; questo fenomeno si è rivelato utile per la determinazione delle stelle fisicamente non appartenenti all'ammasso ma visibili nella sua direzione solo per un effetto prospettico.

Note

Bibliografia

Tirion, Rappaport, Lovi, Uranometria 2000.0, William-Bell inc. ISBN 0-943396-15-8

Voci correlate
Oggetti non stellari nella costellazione dello Scorpione

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Ammassi aperti
6124
0075
Braccio di Orione

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
CYP3A and Drug Transporter Activity Changes in Thai Elderly with CKD Assessed Using a Microdose Cocktail
Pharmacology (PharmacoKinetics, -Dynamics, -Genomics)
Category: Pharmacology (PharmacoKinetics, -Dynamics, -Genomics)
1800 Pharmacology (PharmacoKinetics, -Dynamics, -Genomics)
Rattanacheeworn, Punyabhorn, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Punyabhorn Rattanacheeworn,
Kittanamongkolchai, Wonngarm, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Wonngarm Kittanamongkolchai,
Townamchai, Natavudh, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Natavudh Townamchai,
Udomkarnjananun, Suwasin, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Suwasin Udomkarnjananun,
Praditpornsilpa, Kearkiat, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa,
Kerr, Stephen J., Biostatistics Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Stephen J. Kerr,
Thanusuwannasak, Thanundorn, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Thanundorn Thanusuwannasak,
Udomnilobol, Udomsak, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Udomsak Udomnilobol,
Jainmongkol, Suree, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Suree Jainmongkol,
Ongpipattanakul, Boonsri, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Boonsri Ongpipattanakul,
Prueksaritanont, Thomayant, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Thomayant Prueksaritanont,
Avihingsanon, Yingyos, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Yingyos Avihingsanon,
Chariyavilaskul, Pajaree, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Pajaree Chariyavilaskul,
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may influences cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and drug transporters activity, resulting in the change of pharmacokinetics. This study investigated the effect of age and renal function on activity of CYP3A and various drug transporters in healthy Thai elderly and CKD patients using a validated microdose probe substrate cocktail.
Fifty three subjects were studied [healthy young subjects (Gr1, n=20), healthy elderly (Gr2, n=16) and elderly CKD patients (Gr3, n=17)]. Each subject was given a single dose of the microdose cocktail consisted of midazolam (M; for CYP3A), dabigatran etexilate (D; for gut P-gp), pitavastatin (P; for OATP1B), rosuvastatin (R; for BCRP, OATP, P-gp), and atorvastatin (A; for OATP, BCRP, P-gp, CYP3A). Plasma samples were collected at 0, 0.33, 0.67, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after dosing. All plasma drug concentrations were measured using a fully validated LC/MS/MS. Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were calculated by the trapezoidal rule.
No side effect was observed. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for body mass index, co-morbidity and liver functions) showed negative effects of ageing and CKD on drug transporters activity. AUC0-last and maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) were increased in Gr2 and 3 compared to those in Gr1 (AUC0-last in Gr2 and 3, respectively: M 2.19 and 2.68 folds, D 1.65 and 4.43 folds, P 0.99 and 1.57 folds, R 1.43 and 1.83 folds, and A 2.19 and 4.20 folds; Cmax: M 1.83 and 1.86 folds, D 1.23 and 1.61 folds, P 1.22 and 1.90 folds, R 1.12 and 1.59 folds, and A 2.28 and 4.22 folds). AUC0-last of Gr3 were significantly increased when compared to Gr2 in D, P and A (2.69 (p<0.001), 1.59 (p<0.001) and 1.92 (p=0.001) folds, respectively). Cmax were significantly increased only in P and A (1.70 (p<0.001) and 1.94 (p<0.001) folds, respectively).
Independent of ageing, CKD itself further reduces the activity of drug transporters, suggesting that this information has to be taken into account when drugs that pass through those transporters are prescribed to CKD patients.


A great wardrobe is often the key to a man's success. But without a good grooming routine, all those outstanding threads could be overlooked. Here are a few tips for looking your best while staying ahead of the game.
Soak up every last bit of sun, because fall is here. And when fall hits, we are here to help you style those beautiful sweaters just waiting to be worn.
New fall produce is starting to arrive in grocery stores and at farmers markets. For people who love to cook, getting the best out of fall harvest foods is one of the greatest joys of the season. Creating delicious fall recipes is made all the more enjoyable when the ingredients are picked fresh from the farm.
Thursdays are splash pad days at daycare. My daughter (6) and her friends walk down to the beach in their swimsuits, weighed down with towels and totes for a day of fun in the water.
This week as we left for our usual Thursday morning, she already in her swimsuit (and shorts) and I in my usual work wear shirt and jeans, we stepped outside to discover that it was cold. Damn cold.
"It's sooo chilly!" my daughter quipped. "It feels like...hot chocolate and pumpkin pie."
Lately the word "Swag" has become a perpetual utterance for wannabe hipsters boasting about their style. Nowadays it isn't impossible to spot a young couple wearing nothing but overalls and hand-me-down flip-flops in the midst of the winter. What I mean to get across is there is a vast difference in trying to be diverse and actually being diverse; for instance let's take a look at Grammy winning recording artist Macklemore.
Being on vacation is usually synonymous with getting away from it all. All we can think about is vegging out on that amazing beach we've been dreaming about for the last six months with a cocktail in hand and not a care in the world. But this doesn't mean that we should also hang up our eco-friendly hats and forget about our carbon footprint. Because let's face it: if we all don't start tavelling green now, that amazing beach won't be around forever. So get on board with these easy five green travel tips and you'll sleep even better while visiting the beautiful corners of our world!


Any reference to either 'us' or 'we' in these booking conditions refers to the property owners. 'the property' refers to the first floor apartment at No. 1 Place de la Liberté. 'you' or 'your' are references to the person making the booking and all members of the holiday party. So that you understand the basis of the contract between you and us when you book your accommodation, we have laid out as clearly as possible, the conditions on which your booking is made. Nothing in these conditions affects your normal statutory rights.
You must be at least 18 years old when you book your accommodation. Your booking is made as a consumer and you acknowledge that no liability can be accepted for any business losses howsoever suffered or incurred by you. When we issue our written confirmation to you we enter into a contract with you, the party leader, which is subject to these booking conditions. Any disputes or queries will be between the party leader and the owner. The party leader will assume responsibility for the whole party and the compliance with these rules of all party members. We have the right to refuse any booking prior to the issue of our written confirmation, and if we do this we will tell you in writing and promptly refund any money you have paid us. When your confirmation is received, the details must be checked carefully. If anything is not correct you should tell us immediately. You may not add to the party size stated on your booking form without prior consent from the owners.
A deposit of 25% of the booking price is to be returned along with a completed booking form contract. On receipt of signed contract and on clearance of funds we will issue confirmation and at this point your booking becomes binding. The balance of the booking cost must be received by us no later than 8 weeks before your arrival date, together with an additional breakage deposit as detailed at the time of booking. This payment must be made in time for the funds to be cleared by the due date on your contract. Provided that there has been no damage caused to the property, the deposit will be returned to you within two weeks after the end date of your holiday. If you book less than 8 weeks before the arrival date, payment of the total cost of the booking, including the breakage deposit is due immediately.
If you need to cancel your booking you must contact the owners as soon as possible in writing. The booking deposit is non-refundable. However we will make every effort to re-let the property once formal cancellation has been received and if we are able to re-let at the same price the balance minus an administration fee of £25 will be refunded to you. If we are only able to re-let at a reduced price (with your approval) the reduced balance will be refunded. If we are unable to re-let the full balance will remain payable by you. We recommend you to take out guest cancellation insurance against cancellation due to ill-health, bereavement etc as the above refund terms are non-negotiable.
If we have to cancel your booking in advance for any reason you will be refunded the full amount of the booking. If we have to terminate your holiday you will be refunded part of the booking fee based on the time remaining of the booking. No additional compensation will be payable.
You are responsible to the owner for the actual costs of any breakage or damage in or to the accommodation, along with any additional costs that may result, which are caused by you or your party. These costs may be deducted from your breakage deposit, but are not limited to that amount. You may be billed for the difference between this and the actual cost of the repairs.
The owners shall have no liability to you for the death or personal injury to you or any member of your party while staying at our properties. You must take all necessary steps to safeguard your personal property. No liability to you is accepted in respect of damage to or loss of such property.
The owners aim to ensure that the information and descriptions provided are accurately conveyed on any websites and any authorized third-party websites or advertisements. There may be small differences between the actual accommodation and its description as we are always seeking to improve services and facilities. Occasionally, problems mean that some facilities or services become unavailable, and if this is the case we will tell you as soon as reasonably practical after we have been made aware of the situation. Similarly, we cannot accept responsibility for any changes or closures to local area amenities or attractions mentioned on the website or advertised elsewhere. There are many unauthorised websites listing holiday rentals, we cannot accept responsibility for the descriptions on these sites.
The Owner or any representative of the owner is entitled to refuse to hand over to you or to repossess the accommodation if they reasonably believe that any damage is likely to be caused by you or your party or can repossess the accommodation if damage has been caused. You cannot allow more people than you have booked to stay in the accommodation, nor can you change the makeup of the party during the duration of your stay in the accommodation. If you do so the Owner can refuse to hand over the accommodation to you or can repossess it. You may not carry out any form of trade or business from the property unless agreed with the Owner in advance, and you may not sub-let any part of the buildings. The property is entirely non-smoking and you agree not to smoke in any part of the property. You must pay due consideration to the neighbours and other guests and avoid late-night noise, particularly outside. We will treat contravention of any of these rules as a cancellation by you and Section 4 will apply. You must allow the owner or any representative of the owner access at any reasonable time during your stay.
The apartment is pet free unless otherwise agreed by the Owner.
You agree to keep the accommodation clean and tidy as found and leave the accommodation in a similar condition. The following level of cleanliness is required on departure: Hob and oven clean and fat-free. Crockery and cutlery washed/dried and put away. Toilets clean. Spills and stains removed. Any furniture moved restored to original position. Barbecue clean and fat-free. No rubbish or recycling is to be left after your departure. Bins for recycling are located a short walk away from the apartment. Cardboard, tins and plastic can be bagged in the yellow bags provided and put into the bins with the yellow lids and glass goes into the verre bins. All other rubbish should be bagged and placed into the bins with the blue lids. Please ensure that you do not leave any rubbish or recycling in the apartment at the end of your holiday. Failure to meet this standard will result in a cleaning charge against your deposit.
Bed linen and towels are provided at the start of your stay, the laundering of these items will be taken care of after your departure.
Unless agreed otherwise with the Owners or the Owners representatives check-in time is 4pm and check-out time is by 10am. Please ensure that you have vacated the property by no later than the check-out time so that we are able to get the property ready for the next guest.
Please note that the apartment is located right in the centre of Sarlat and as a result you will at times hear the noises associated with a busy market town. If you prefer a rural retreat please search for our other properties located at La Blanquette B&B, Gites and Glampingwhich is located just 6km from Sarlat in a beautiful and peaceful countryside setting.
Every effort has been made to ensure that you have an enjoyable and memorable holiday and to date we have had no complaints or problems. If however, you have any problem or cause for complaint it is essential that you contact us immediately to give us the chance to resolve it. We value your custom and want you return.


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Home » What's Wrong with Scientology?
Scientology has a long, well-documented history of breaking the law.
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Guardian Office Memo Requests Update on Stealing Department of Justice Files
October 3, 1975: A Guardian's Office memo is sent to Richard Weigand requesting a compliance report on target 17 of GO 1361. (Target 17 directed the infiltration and theft of files relating to Scientology from the Tax Division or the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C.) Weigand added a handwritten note to the memo that target 17 "is almost done" in Washington DC, but that six more weeks would be needed to complete the target at the Justice Department in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Police - Public Statement Regarding Eugene Ingram's Wiretapping
April 23, 1985: A public announcement by Los Angeles Police Chief Daryl Gates disavowing any cooperation with Eugene Ingram, longtime Scientology agent, who claimed to have obtained a letter from the LAPD authorizing Ingram to eavesdrop on others.
Affidavit of Margery Wakefield
April 13, 1990: Testimony tells the story of her experiences in Scientology.">Margery Wakefield's affidavit describes illicit activities, hearing plans to murder individuals, and false imprisonment by the Church of Scientology.
crimes in the News
September 22, 1999 Jail sought against French Scientologist Reuters: Jail sought against French Scientologist crimes
December 14, 1998 At a Loss To Make Legal Findings The saga of Scientology's legal skirmishes in France date back at least as far as 1978, when the organisation's founder, L Ron Hubbard, was condemned in absentia for fraud. But if the latest legal row involving Scientology is far from being the first, it is surely one of the most bizarre. In October, Le Figaro newspaper revealed papers in a long-running legal action against the self-proclaimed church had gone missing, provoking outrage from lawyers working on the case. Justice Minister Elizabeth Guigou considered the incident serious enough to order an internal inquiry. Even before this, however, there were signs something was amiss. crimes, France
December 6, 1998 The Life and Death of a Scientologist Within 17 days, McPherson - who'd spent most of her adult life and tens of thousands of dollars as a devotee of Hubbard's teachings - would be dead. The once-voluptuous 36-year-old - she stood 5 feet 9 and wore a size 12 dress - lost an estimated 40 to 50 pounds during the ordeal, dropping to 108, her bruised body pocked by insect bites and scabs. She was never seen by a licensed physician during that time. Clearwater, crimes, Lisa McPherson, Press
December 1, 1998 Church pleads innocent to criminal charges St. Petersburg Times: Church pleads innocent to criminal charges crimes
December 1, 1998 Scientology Pleads Not Guilty in 1995 Death The Church of Scientology pleaded not guilty today to criminal charges in connection with the 1995 death of a member whose family maintained that she had been held against her will by the church for 17 days. The church's Flag Service Organization, its chief operating arm here, was charged in the case this month with abuse or neglect of a disabled adult and practicing medicine without a license, both felonies. No individuals were charged. Clearwater, crimes, Lisa McPherson, Press
November 23, 1998 State Takes Middle Road Against Scientology The Church of Scientology Flag Service Organization Inc. was charged with abuse and/or neglect of a disabled adult and practicing medicine without a license. Though serious, the lawyers said, the charges carry less emotion than manslaughter and less of a stigma for Scientology than if church members faced individual charges that could put them in prison. Because the Scientology entity was charged corporately, no single person faces prosecution or punishment. "They probably determined that this is the charge that can be best proved, most easily proved, as opposed to manslaughter," said Michael Cheek, a veteran criminal defense lawyer in Clearwater. Clearwater, crimes, Lisa McPherson, Press
November 14, 1998 Florida Charges Scientology In Church Member's Death Florida prosecutors filed criminal charges against the Church of Scientology in connection with the death of a church member while she was under the care of Scientologists three years ago. The church's Flag Service Organization, its chief operating arm in Clearwater, Fla., was charged with abuse or neglect of a disabled adult and with the unauthorized practice of medicine in the death of the church member, Lisa McPherson, 36. Clearwater, crimes, Lisa McPherson, Press
November 14, 1998 Scientology Charged in Member's Death The Church of Scientology in Clearwater has been charged with criminal neglect and practicing medicine without a license in the 1995 death of Lisa McPherson, the mentally disturbed Scientologist who turned to outsiders for help before church officials intervened and placed her under their care. Unlicensed Scientology staffers "medicated her without her consent," isolated her and took other measures to treat her physical and mental condition at Scientology's Fort Harrison Hotel, according to an affidavit filed Friday in Pinellas-Pasco Circuit Court. Clearwater, crimes, deaths, Lisa McPherson
November 9, 1998 French Justice In Scientology Row French justice will face accusations today that it has been manipulated by the Church of Scientology as the Paris Appeal Court rules on whether to continue a 15-year investigation into the organisation. The disappearance of some of the investigating magistrate's files has fuelled the suspicions of anti-sect campaigners before the hearing. They believe Scientologists have infiltrated the upper echelons of the legal system, using their influence to put pressure on judges and block inquiries. crimes, Paris, Press
October 20, 1998 Butterworth Offers Help in Scientologist Case Florida Attorney General Bob Butterworth has offered "the complete services of my office" to help investigate the 1995 death of Scientologist Lisa McPherson. McPherson, 36, had been under the care of fellow Scientologists who tried for 17 days to nurse her through a psychotic outburst at the Fort Harrison Hotel, Scientology's retreat in downtown Clearwater. Although physically healthy when she entered the hotel, she was dead on arrival after Scientologists drove her to a Pasco County hospital. Clearwater, crimes, Lisa McPherson, Press
September 30, 1996 Patrice Vic Trial Begins - Scientology Executive Charged with Manslaughter Trial begins in the death of Patrice Vic. Scientology executive Jean-Jacques Mazier is charged with manslaughter, and 22 other Scientologists also face charges. crimes, deaths, France, Patrice Vic, Press
April 13, 1990 Affidavit of Margery Wakefield Testimony tells the story of her experiences in Scientology.">Margery Wakefield's affidavit describes illicit activities, hearing plans to murder individuals, and false imprisonment by the Church of Scientology. crimes, Documents, false imprisonment, Margery Wakefield
April 23, 1985 Los Angeles Police - Public Statement Regarding Eugene Ingram's Wiretapping A public announcement by Los Angeles Police Chief Daryl Gates disavowing any cooperation with Eugene Ingram, longtime Scientology agent, who claimed to have obtained a letter from the LAPD authorizing Ingram to eavesdrop on others. crimes, Documents, Eugene Ingram, harassment, Los Angeles, CA
August 3, 1980 Scientologist Elizabeth Eagleton Wiegand, Senator Eagleton, Stephen E. Poludniak, St. Louis. Libby Wiegand, $220,000, company;, Scientologist Elizabeth Eagleton Wiegand, niece of Senator Eagleton, and her attorney Stephen E. Poludniak are arrested and charged with extortion and conspiracy in St. Louis. Libby Wiegand had threatened to publicize embarassing information about the senator unless he purchased $220,000 of her stock in a family company; he refused to purchase the stock because he believed the money would go to Scientology. Although Scientology denied any involvement at the time, they later linked it to a Guardian's Office operation in their IRS Form 1023 declaration. crimes
October 6, 1979 Mary Sue Hubbard and 8 Other Scientology Executives Admit Massive Conspiracy Hubbard's wife Mary Sue and eight other Scientology executives signed a 282-page (plus exhibits) Stipulation of Evidence that detailed the government's case. That document details the burglaries, forgeries, conspiracies, to obstruct justice and other crimes committed. crimes, Guardian Office, Mary Sue Hubbard
October 6, 1976 Michael Meisner Moves to a Scientology-Rented Apartment; Coverup Continues Michael Meisner moves into an apartment at 444 South Burlington Street in Los Angeles. The apartment was rented by Paul Poulon (Collections Officer for the Information Bureau); the Guardian's Office wanted to reduce expenses and it was cheaper for Meisner to hide out in an apartment than in hotel rooms. Meisner spends most of his days at local libraries doing research on the security of government buildings, in order to support one of the cover-up stories, _viz._, that he had entered various government buildings to do an expose on the lack of security. Cinty Raymond and Meisner meet approximately twice a week to discuss the ongoing cover-up. crimes, Guardian Office, Los Angeles, CA, Michael Meisner
September 28, 1976 Mo Budlong writes to Richard Weigand, describing a plan for hiding Michael Meisner from his arrest warrant Mo Budlong writes to Richard Weigand, describing a plan for hiding Michael Meisner from his arrest warrant. This constitutes conspiracy, harboring a fugitive, and obstructing justice. crimes, Guardian Office, Michael Meisner
October 3, 1975 Guardian Office Memo Requests Update on Stealing Department of Justice Files A Guardian's Office memo is sent to Richard Weigand requesting a compliance report on target 17 of GO 1361. (Target 17 directed the infiltration and theft of files relating to Scientology from the Tax Division or the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C.) Weigand added a handwritten note to the memo that target 17 "is almost done" in Washington DC, but that six more weeks would be needed to complete the target at the Justice Department in Los Angeles. crimes, Guardian Office, Richard Weigand, Washington DC
September 21, 1975 Scientologists Commended for Breaking into Government Offices Gregory Willardson writes a CSW (Completed Staff Work) to Jane Kember and requests commendations and awards for various staff members who had been involved in executing GO 1361 (which directed breaking into government offices and stealing documents), including Cindy Raymond. crimes, Guardian Office, Jane Kember
October 10, 1972 Guardian's Office Weekly Report Directs Attacks on Paulette Cooper Scientology Guardian's Office Weekly Intelligent Report notes that Paulette Cooper is "still actively attacking Scientology" and lists three "handling" actions, including giving New York Scientologists orders to "attack her in as many ways as possible"; this item says that action has already been taken on "wide-scale exposure of PC's sex life." crimes, Guardian Office, harassment, New York, Paulette Cooper


Oddly, his search slowed when he reached "pirates", and hit a full stop at swashbuckling. Swinging a sword around and making people walk the plank certainly sounded like a manly pursuit, so he dove into it headlong. He took the name of Sir Steven, Duke of Torvald's Gates and returned to the city to buckle and swash.