text:
void State::add_new_value(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, json& response){
    basic->finish_construction();

    auto& id_map = get_id_map(basic->get_type());

    id_map.new_value(basic);
    id_map.serialize_last(response, "Added");
    last_value = id_map.last_value().get();
}

void State::delete_value(std::weak_ptr<Basic> basic, json& response){
    auto basic_shared = basic.lock();
    auto& id_map = get_id_map(basic_shared->get_type());

    id_map.remove_value(basic_shared->get_id(), response);
}

void State::add_new_values_from_basic(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, json& response){
    auto new_values = basic->get_new_basic_values();
    if(!new_values.empty()){
        for(auto& value: new_values){
            add_new_value(value, response);
        }
    }
}

void State::delete_obsolete_values(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, json& response){
    auto removed_values = basic->get_removed_basic_values();
    if(!removed_values.empty()){
        for(auto& value: removed_values){
            if(value.use_count() == 1){
                delete_value(value, response);
            }
        }
    }
}

void State::update_value(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, BasicValues values, json& response){
    json partial_response;

    partial_response["response"] = "Updated";
    basic->serialize_base(partial_response);
    utility::serialize_values(values, partial_response["values"]);
    response.push_back(partial_response);
}

ValueWrapper* State::get_basic_value(std::string type, int index, std::string value_name) const{
    auto basic = get_basic(type, index);
    return get_value(basic, value_name);
}

ValueWrapper* State::get_value(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, std::string value_name) const{
    for(auto& value: basic->get_specific_values()){
        if(value->get_name() == value_name){
            return value;
        }
    }
    throw std::runtime_error("Type: " + basic->get_type() + "does not have a value named " + value_name);
}

void State::update_value_from_command(const json& command, json& response){
    std::string type = command["type"];
    int id = command["id"];
    auto basic = get_basic(type, id);
    json json_values = command["values"];
    BasicValues updated_values;
    for(json::iterator update_value = json_values.begin(); update_value != json_values.end(); ++update_value){
        auto value = get_value(basic, update_value.key());
        value->deserialize(json_values, response, *this);
        updated_values.push_back(value);
    }
    update_value(basic, updated_values, response);
}

void State::update_basic_value(std::shared_ptr<Basic> basic, json& response){
    auto updated_values = basic->get_updated_values();
    if(!updated_values.empty()){
        json partial_response;

        partial_response["response"] = "Updated";
        basic->serialize_base(partial_response);
        utility::serialize_values(updated_values, partial_response["values"]);
        response.push_back(partial_response);
    }
}

void State::reset(){
    for(auto& id_map: all_id_maps){
        id_map.reset();
    }
}

void State::perform_step(double step_time, json& response){
    for(auto& id_map: all_id_maps){
        id_map->perform_step(step_time);
    }
    for(auto& id_map: all_id_maps){
        for(auto& basic_value: id_map->get_all_basics()){
            delete_obsolete_values(basic_value.second, response);
            add_new_values_from_basic(basic_value.second, response);
            update_basic_value(basic_value.second, response);
        }
    }
}

void State::que_command(const json& command, json& response){
    std::string type = command["to_que"]["type"];
    int id = command["to_que"]["id"];
    auto command_que = get_derived_value<CommandQue>(type, id);
    IDMapWrapper& id_map = get_id_map(command["type"]);
    auto new_command = id_map.deserialize_instance(command["values"], response, *this);
    command_que->add_command(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Command>(new_command));
    update_basic_value(command_que, response);
}

IDMapWrapper& State::get_id_map(std::string type) const{
    for(auto& id_map: all_id_maps){
        if(id_map->correct_type(type)){
            return *id_map;
        }
    }
    throw std::runtime_error(type + ": is not found in engines IDMaps");
}

std::shared_ptr<Basic> State::get_basic(std::string type, int index) const{
    return get_id_map(type).get_basic(index);
}

void State::deserialize_add(const json& command, json& response){
    std::string type = command["type"];
    auto& id_map = get_id_map(type);
    id_map.deserialize_instance(command["values"], response, *this);
}

json State::get_serialized_state(){
    json serialized_state;
    for(auto& id_map: all_id_maps){
        id_map->get_serialized_state(serialized_state);
    }

    return serialized_state;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
require 'google/apis/serviceconsumermanagement_v1/service.rb'
require 'google/apis/serviceconsumermanagement_v1/classes.rb'
require 'google/apis/serviceconsumermanagement_v1/representations.rb'
require 'google/apis/serviceconsumermanagement_v1/gem_version.rb'

module Google
  module Apis
    # Service Consumer Management API
    #
    # Manages the service consumers of a Service Infrastructure service.
    #
    # @see https://cloud.google.com/service-consumer-management/docs/overview
    module ServiceconsumermanagementV1
      # Version of the Service Consumer Management API this client connects to.
      # This is NOT the gem version.
      VERSION = 'V1'

      # See, edit, configure, and delete your Google Cloud data and see the email address for your Google Account.
      AUTH_CLOUD_PLATFORM = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'
    end
  end
end


Admire the giants of the ocean.
Spend the day on the water viewing Humpback Whales.
Take an unique trip to the Chiriqui Gulf to observe the whales in their natural habitat! Each year, between July and November, more than 6,000 humpback whales migrate to the warm waters off the Chiriqui Gulf, to mate, give birth and care for their young.
This tour is also the great opportunity to discover the Boca Brava islands, a well preserved secret in the Pacific. These isolated islands surrounded with unspoiled white sandy beaches are the the perfect blend of sea and greenery… Go snorkelling in the surrounding waters, spot beautiful coral reefs, colorful fishes and turtles.
Go and explore the lush jungle and see fantastic tropical plants and singing exotic birds.


Dordt College will host a Healing the Wounded Heart Conference on September 28-29 in the B.J. Haan Auditorium. Well-known author, founding seminary president, and therapist Dr. Dan Allender will speak.
The conference speaks into many of the painful and often hidden issues resulting from sexual abuse, providing hope for survivors and those who know or work with victims of sexual abuse.
Registration will begin at 5:30 p.m. on Friday and the conference will conclude on Saturday at 5 p.m. Registration cost is $90 and ends on September 27, 2018.
The event is sponsored by Sioux Center Christian School, Bethesda Christian Counseling, and Dordt.


text:
Julie Marie Christine Gräfin von Oldofredi-Hager, geb. Julia Hager von und zu Altensteig (* 8. Februar 1813 in Debreczin; † 4. März 1879 in Wien), war eine österreichische Dichterin.

Leben

Julie Oldofredi-Hager wurde als einzige Tochter des k.u.k. Generals Johann Reichsfreiherr Hager von und zu Altensteig (1761–1822) und Maria Magdalena von Illéssy (1793–1858) im ungarischen Debreczin geboren, da ihr Vater dort zu dieser Zeit stationiert war. Kurz darauf wurde er nach Temesvar versetzt, wo er verstarb, als Julie neun Jahre alt war.

1831 heiratete sie im Alter von 17 Jahren den Grafen und Oberlieutenant Hieronymus Oldofredi in Wien. Durch einen Sturz wurde ihr Mann für mehr als zwei Jahre bettlägerig und während sie ihn pflegte, verbrachte sie die verbleibende Zeit mit Studien der Geschichte und Literatur.

Nach seiner Genesung wurde Hieronymus Oldofredi ins Banat und später nach Siebenbürgen versetzt, wohin sie ihm folgte. Gelegentlich reiste sie zu ihrer Mutter, die in Pest wohnte. Dort kam 1839 ihr erster Gedichtband Blüthen des Gefühls heraus.

1842 zog die Familie nach Galizien. Im Jahr darauf veröffentlichte Gustav Heckenast Julie Oldofredi-Hagers zweite Gedichtsammlung. Das Werk hieß Neue Gedichte und enthielt ein Vorwort der Schriftstellerin Caroline Pichler.

Ab 1847 lebte die Familie vier Jahre lang in Lemberg, der damaligen Hauptstadt Galiziens. In dieser Zeit publizierte Julie zwei neue Gedichtbände, einen davon für wohltätige Zwecke. Während der weiteren militärischen Karriere ihres Mannes, der zunächst Major, später General wurde, zog die Familie nach Tarnopol, Siebenbürgen, Banat, Graz, Horn, Wien und Pest.

1852 wurde Julie Oldofredi-Hager mit dem Sternkreuzorden ausgezeichnet. Ein Jahr danach erschien ihr letzter Gedichtband Moos, dessen Erlös sie zum Zweck des Baus der Wiener Votivkirche spendete.

Ihre letzten Lebensjahre verbrachte Julie Oldofredi-Hager nach dem Tod ihres Mannes allein in Wien, wo sie 1879 verstarb. Das Paar hatte einen Sohn, der wie sein Vater und Großvater eine Militärlaufbahn einschlug.

Werke

 Blüthen des Gefühls. Kilian u. Co, Pest 1839.
 Neue Gedichte. Heckenast, Pest 1843.
 Dornen. Trewendt, Breslau 1848.
 Gelbe Blätter. Gerold und Sohn, Wien 1851.
 Moos. K. K. Hof- u. Staatsdruckerei, Wien 1853.

Rezension

Der erste Gedichtband der Autorin Blüthen des Gefühls. stieß auf geteiltes Echo. Im Repertorium der gesammten deutschen Literatur, Jahrgang 1840 ist die Rede von einer «nichtssagende[n], triviale[n] Weise» und «unempfundener Phraseologie», mit der die Autorin «sehr gewöhnliche und subjective Lebensbereiche, bald mehr bald weniger glücklich in Verse gesetzt» habe. Es wird außerdem der «Servilismus» kritisiert, mit dem sie in ihren Gedichten zwei Adelige besingt.

Karoline Pichler äußert sich dagegen positiv in ihrem Vorwort zum zweiten Gedichtband: «Die "Blüthen der Gefühle" verdienen diesen Namen mit vollem Rechte; es waren, wie die Blüthen an Blumen und Pflanzen, Entfaltungen der reinsten und zartesten Kräfte in lieblicher Gestalt von Form und Farbe. Das Publikum hat sie gewürdigt [..]».

Die Zeitschrift Der Phönix bezeichnet in seiner Ausgabe von 1852 Julie Oldofredi-Hager als eine «Naturdichterin», die zwar keinen Unterricht erhalten habe, aber «das Versmaaß nach dem Gehöre» ordne und eine «bedeutende Stufe der Kunst und intellektuelle Bildung» erreicht habe. Jeder ihrer bis dahin erschienen «vier Bände wurde von der Kritik auf das beifälligste und schmeichelhafteste aufgenommen, wie seiner Zeit in allen literarisch-kritischen Journalen zu ersehen war.»

Literatur
 Ludwig Adolf Staufe: Julie Gräfin Oldofredi-Hager. In: Oesterreichische Illustrirte Zeitung, Jahrgang 2,  No. 50 (7. Juni 1852), S. 395–397 (BSB digital).

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Trägerin des Sternkreuzordens
Lyrik
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (Österreich)
Person (Österreich-Ungarn)
Person (Kaisertum Österreich)
Julie Marie Christine
Geboren 1813
Gestorben 1879
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you like to spend your holiday on Italy's largest lake in an uncomplicated and comfortable way, then you are in the right place at one of the hotels at Lake Garda! Whether you are looking for lakeside accommodation, relaxing in the quiet backcountry or a hotel in one of the bustling centres, hotels at Lake Garda are available in every situation and in a wide variety of categories.
From the functional accommodation facility for sportspeople to the cosy family accommodation, to the elegant house with all the luxuries, guests of Lake Garda will find a huge variety of accommodation. Many of them have their own restaurant, where you can enjoy the delicious dishes of the region. Others, however, only offer a rich breakfast buffet, so that guests can make their vacation day completely flexible, without having to orientate themselves at fixed mealtimes.
In order to satisfy the wishes of the guests and to enable them have a wonderful holiday, many accommodation facilities at Lake Garda have specialized in a specific type of holiday. This makes it possible to provide special offers or services for hikers, surfers, mountain bikers, spa lovers or families. If you are simply looking for a welcoming house with a warm atmosphere, you should opt for a lovingly family-run accommodation facility.
Discover the variety of hotels on Lake Garda and find the right accommodation for your dream holiday!
The hotels in Gardasee were rated 4.1 out of 5 stars by 584 users.


This piece was inspired by a summer day near the Flatirons. The afternoon cumulous clouds were building up in anticipation of a thunder storm.
It is constructed of hundreds of hand wrapped and coiled threads. the clouds are hand beaded around mother of pearl buttons. The sky is hand painted dyed gradient fabric.


text:
You are here: Home / Groups & Clubs / Welcome to Hook Norton Film Society
Welcome to Hook Norton Film Society
Embrace of the Serpent: January 4th
Follow this link for the new season's programme -See the trailers and read the reviews.
Hook Norton Film Society usually screens 13 films on Saturday nights in the Memorial Hall, Chapel Street between September and April. Each film is preceded by a supper cooked by members.
We have two pot luck supper evenings where all members provide a dish. Each year the society makes substantial contributions to local causes.
Doors open at 6.45pm, the meal is served at 7pm and the film starts at approximately 8pm after a short introduction.
We use top of the range projection and sound equipment, provide comfortable seating, and good sightlines to a large screen. We always give a warm welcome to new members.
If you don't want to commit for the whole year, but would like to join us for the occasional supper and/or film of your choice, we'd be delighted to see you if places are available. The cost is £15 for meal and supper and £7 for the film only.
Our aim each season is to show exceptional films, many of them recently released, which represent a range of genres, countries and decades and have received outstanding reviews. Our seasons always include a number of films which have won prestigious awards at international film festivals.
Membership, covering admission to all screenings, costs £35 per person for the year. Meals are an additional £7 each which is payable on the evening. To join, please pick up a brochure from the library, or village shop and send completed membership form to the Treasurer, Paul Tranter. We offer reduced membership for students aged between 16-21. Please contact Paul for details.
For enquiries about membership email : paultranter@onetel.com. Or telephone him on 01608 737 928.
Guests are most welcome and pay only £15 for both meal and film.
The Film Society is extremely popular so members and guests should book in advance for meals and/or films no later than 6pm on the Wednesday evening before the Saturday screening by phoning Gill White, 01608 737411.
For general enquiries, contact the Chairperson, Claire Barry on 07850 309231 or email abtvclaire@hotmail.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is a video that I like to watch for motivation before I go running. Some people seemed radical enough to be members of an Eritrean Ministry of Twitter Propaganda, portraying their country as a veritable Disneyland. No, what was exceptional was the Eritrean's experienced racing head. Gotta say, even though it is about 8 minutes long, every second was worth listening to. My casual Twitter conversation doesn't prove or discount anything. KerryWMartin I really can't think of a country being unjustly demonized like Eritrea has, only a handful of respected media outlets around — 5thelement 5thelement86 December 22, KerryWMartin Eritrea is the most demonized country in Africa. KerryWMartin I am an Eritrean citizen, but not interested about your fake journalism. MSM's depiction of the country is very cartoonish.
Those under age 16 must have consent from their parents before using Madote chat. The chat room is. Eritrean News and Views.
Eritrean President To Visit Ethiopia's Amhara Region. Admin 20 hrs ago 0 Comments.
Abiy Ahmed and Isaias Afwerki at the. Modal title. OK. posts Afrika posts. Share.
Afrika 12/19/13 in General · Quote 0 0 0. ×.
The Washington PostThe GuardianThe Wall Street Journaland other reputable Western media outlets lay the blame entirely on Eritrea's autocratic government, describing Eritrea as one large prison camp, a uniquely brutal dictatorship devoid of liberties, hostile to the West and to our allies in the region, " the North Korea of Africa.
When u look at Eritrea is another eg of Cuba, not N. Many Western portrayals mention Ethiopia as an endnote in the more gripping narrative of the repressive Eritrean regime, yet the histories of Eritrea and Ethiopia are perhaps the most intertwined of any two countries in Africa.
PEN Eritrea is a global network of Eritreans sharing ideas and insights, a space of free speech and expression that the Eritrean government fails to provide, several of whose journalists are profiled her by The Guardian whose series " Inside Eritrea ," to its credit, tries to correct the Western record on Eritrea.
KerryWMartin Eritrea is the most demonized country in Africa. So, why are u interested about my country and people?
Craigslist salisbury maryland houses for rent So, why are u interested about my country and people?
Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you. Freelance writer and an organizer of immigrant communities in Brooklyn. My casual Twitter conversation doesn't prove or discount anything. My mediocre article seemed to hit a nerve with Eritreans online.
Daily Eritrea News and Views. President Isaias: Eritrea Gives Utmost Priority for Consolidation of the New Era of Peace.
Expectations were thus very high we would see something exceptional by the end of the race, and we were rewarded but it wasn't in terms of time, though Tadese's At the 15km point en route to the Half Marathon the pace was just five seconds short of the World record for that intermediate mark KerryWMartin I am an Eritrean citizen, but not interested about your fake journalism.
Other groups and sites, such as the Eritrean Diaspora Networkoperate similarly. My casual Twitter conversation doesn't prove or discount anything.
Craigslist kelso But for me, it rightfully ruptured the West's monotone narrative about a country, whose Western narrators in large part have no personal stake in Eritrea's favor, and if swayed by their own countries' diplomacy, may even have a stake against it.
My article's claim that Eritrea sends soldiers to fight alongside Al Shabaab, which I had exaggerated based on an assertion in this Reuters articleraised questions from several readers. Eritrea - Ajoki Eritrea Don't worry Eritrea.
KerryWMartin Eritrea is the most demonized country in Africa. MSM's depiction of the country is very cartoonish.
Learn more about Eritrea from Eritreans themselves.
Some people I talked to via emails and written messages defended the Eritrean government, which many Westerners deem the world's most repressive. My casual Twitter conversation doesn't prove or discount anything.


Each year migratory birds travel over thousands of kilometres. In spring and autumn, billions of individuals move from colder and less productive areas across vast distances to warmer and more productive places. To do so, however, it seems that the shortest route does not necessarily grant the fastest journey. Birds can save energy and time if they use wind support. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell Germany have calculated optimal routes in respect to wind support globally. Their research shows that birds using optimal wind conditions can save up to a quarter of travel time. Thus birds optimising on wind support should arrive earlier and in better conditions and have higher chances of survival and reproduction. The knowledge about such optimal flyways could spread over generations in migratory species.
On their migratory journey, birds cross oceans, the highest mountains, and deserts. The arctic tern, for example, holds the world record in annual avian travel distance, where it moves between its breeding grounds in the Arctic to winter in the Antarctic. Using satellite based technology, scientists are just on the verge of unravelling these phenomena.
Scientists, led by Kamran Safi at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology have now calculated that the route with the shortest distance between two points on the globe almost never represents the fastest option. They propose that it is beneficial for migratory birds to take detours, thereby using wind support on their journeys. "Of course the birds cannot forecast weather," says Bart Kranstauber, first author of the study. "But through natural selection or learning, it is possible that knowledge about the optimal route can spread in a species over time." This, however, only works because there are predictable patterns in the wind conditions over years.
"Quite a few of the routes we calculated match what we know some birds actually do," explains Safi. And the models suggest that it is energetically cheaper to fly south to Africa in the autumn using a more easterly detour and to return to Europe on a westerly route, giving rise to a so-called "loop migration". This pattern matches what is known from the common cuckoo.
The birds can save up to a quarter of their time if they choose to optimise their route in respect to wind instead of simple distance. Thus, they probably would be less fatigued and have a head start when it is comes to occupying good nesting sites. This in turn can decrease mortality, reduce recovery times and overall increase reproductive output of those individuals taking the optimal routes. Travelling along optimal routes can therefore become the winning strategy through natural selection or tradition.
Safi and his group use weather data collected from 1990 until 2010 and calculated the most efficient routes in respect to wind support for 102 departure and arrival locations in the northern hemisphere connecting to 65 locations in the southern hemisphere. And although the programme ignores all other important factors in bird migration, the results are a striking match for some known flyways.
Based on this model, the researchers want to investigate when and where bird migration deviates from the simple assumptions, adding more complexity to better understand the importance of additional factors for bird migration. "We now want to know where the model fails and why, which will help us to derive a better understanding of what actually shapes the fascinating phenomenon."
One of the still unresolved issues in bird migration is how birds navigate over such vast distances and can potentially master the task of following an optimal route.
Global aerial flyways allow efficient travelling.


For a good century the prime method of transporting people and goods for longer distances were the turnpike roads established in the mid 18th century. There were regular carrying services, run by a number of private enterprises, from Brough and Kirkby Stephen going in all directions on the roads towards Bowes and Barnard Castle in Durham, north towards Carlisle and west towards Kendal, and over Stainmore via Tan Hill to the Yorkshire Dales.
Nothing was to disrupt this pattern of long distance transport until the railways arrived in Cumbria during the latter part of the 19th century. Elsewhere canals had caused a brief transport revolution, particularly of heavier loads such as coal and delicate goods like pottery. But canals were never suitable in the hilly regions of Cumbria, so the region leapt straight into the railway age, albeit some decades after more industrialised parts of the country.
Local business people and landowners were keen to have their own slice of the railway pie – there was money to be made and a potential boost to local industry to be had – but the terrain and lack of population conspired against the earliest schemes to set up an Eden Valley line. Eventually it was the draw of commerce between the North East coalfields and mines on the west coast that made the construction of a railway line across the Pennines economically feasible.
A new line was planned from Bishop Auckland, where there was a link with the Stockton & Darlington railway, to join with the West Coast Main Line at Tebay. The South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway (or Stainmore Line as it became known) reached the Upper Eden Valley via Barnard Castle and made its way over Stainmore Summit, at nearly 1400ft the highest point of any railway in England. From the pass it dropped gradually towards Kirkby Stephen, the town that was far enough away from the Stainmore summit for the gradient to be manageable, although still steep. Inevitably the town of Brough, which lay much closer to the pass, was bypassed.
The railway took a long gentle arc around Kirkby Stephen on a series of viaducts to reach a station, Kirkby Stephen East, at the southern end of the town, around a mile from the market place. Before long the town stretched out to meet it, a single road with housing on both sides for most of its length.
Local interests and investment did result in a branch line to the Westmorland county town of Appleby, passing through Warcop and Great Musgrave, where a station was built at the behest of the townspeople of Brough. It was still over two miles from the town centre of Brough but by this stage better than nothing.
The main line from Kirkby Stephen continued west to Tebay where a junction was made with other lines going north and further west to the south of the Lake District. Although the primary purpose was for goods the first passenger train ran a day after the official opening ceremony in August 1861. It became a popular tourist route for holidaymakers from the north east heading to Morecambe, Blackpool and other west coast resorts.
Kirkby Stephen, in stark contrast with neighbouring Brough, benefited from a second railway, the stunning Settle-Carlisle line. Because this line had to maintain height to reach through the Mallerstang valley on its way south its Kirkby Stephen station is even further away from the town centre, nearly a mile south of Kirkby Stephen East station. The Settle-Carlisle station still remains in open countryside, linked to the town by road and a public footpath. It is quite a long walk into town.
The Stainmore line crossed the Belah beck just below High Ewebank. Despite the income promised from commercial and passenger traffic the line was built on a very tight budget. The design and engineering task was handed to Sir Thomas Bouch, the man unfortunately better known for the collapse of his bridge over the River Tay at Dundee in December 1879. This major disaster, in which the bridge was torn apart by gale force winds as a train was crossing it, led to the loss of around 75 lives. Bouch's reputation was ruined and he died a year later.
In spite of the mistakes made on the River Tay – and argument still rages over who was fully at fault – Thomas Bouch was an ingenious engineer. At the Belah crossing he kept construction costs down by designing an iron lattice bridge held between two large stone buttresses, similar to those well known (and frequently blown up) in Western films. The bridge was a triumph, but sadly today only the buttresses remain. The line was closed in the early 60s and the bridge was dismantled in 1963. It is a testament to the quality of its construction that it took longer to take down than it took to put up.
Barras had its own station. The station master's house is surprisingly substantial. Some say it was to allow travellers to stay over for a day or more and soak up the stunning views from this high point over the Eden Valley. If true it seems the plan was misguided, as the vast majority of holidaymakers simply continued on their way. One person apparently inspired by the place was the 19th century painter John Martin. His painting 'The Plains of Heaven', one of three huge canvasses in his apocalyptic style telling the tale of the last judgement, is said to have been first conceived on the hills above Barras a decade or two before the arrival of the railway. The link to his painting is tenuous but it makes a good story.
On a more prosaic level, the railway brought a much more efficient mode of transport for the farmers on Stainmore, still evidently engaged in the rearing of cattle. A special platform was built at Barras station so that cattle could be loaded into trucks. This must have opened up significant and lucrative markets for them in the centres of population at either end of the line.
The railway was used for local journeys too. When we bought Tufton Lodge twenty years ago a Mrs Brown was living at High Ewebank Farm, a tiny old lady with a thick Geordie accent who was transported up and down the road by her son Ronnie in his Land Rover. In her younger days Mrs Brown would catch the train from Barras station to Kirkby Stephen to do her shopping. On her way back she took advantage of the train slowing down to cross the Belah viaduct and would carefully drop off her shopping bags by the track on the High Ewebank side. She would pick them up on her way back from the station.
It was not a line without challenges. Winter weather hits hard on Stainmore. Our house and the High Ewebank hamlet are frequently cut off for a week or more at a time through drifting snow on the road. It's not unusual for the drifts to be over 6ft high, too much to dig out by hand. The railway, in its time, was even more susceptible to snow carried in on the westerly winds and filling up entire cuttings. An evocative film from 1955 in the British Film Institute archive shows the effort that went into reopening the line after a wintry blast.
It is sad now to see the line gone. When it closed cost-cutting was the order of the day and, to save money on wayleaves for drainage and access with local landowners, deals were done to hand back the land on which the line ran. The iron lattice viaducts were taken down with unseemly haste, an act that would be seen now as cultural vandalism. It would be impossible, without vast investment, to reopen the full extent of the line even as a walking and cycle track – as has been done successfully elsewhere.
Immediately around Kirkby Stephen, however, that refurbishment has been done, along with the restoration of the stone viaducts, and the old railway has become a popular 'promenade' circling the town. Kirkby Stephen East station is a thriving restoration project for everything to do with the railways, with steam engines running on a relatively short length of track towards Warcop. The viaducts walk, a visit to Kirkby Stephen East and, for some, a trek up to the Belah viaduct and Stainmore summit, makes the Upper Eden Valley an increasingly popular destination for railway enthusiasts.


Small through 3XL in colors Heather Gray, White, or Light Blue are kept in stock.
No Minimums. Full Color Printing & Photos. All Standard!
100+ prints = 10% off of printing!
200+ prints = 15% off of printing!
Q. What if I do not need RUSH or Expedited printing services?


On August 11 2017, Peter Deyo from New Haven Sign Company installed a plaque commemorating Felice Varini's "Square with four circles" commissioned by Site Projects and installed in 2010. The aluminum sign-- envisioned by graphic designer Pat Shoemaker, was installed in the wall of the pedestrian walkway on Chapel Street that connects to Temple Plaza.
The sign provides context to one of New Haven's most iconic public artworks. Also involved were: Consolidated Management Group (owners of Ann Taylor Building,) Town Green Special Services District and numerous private donors.
Thank you to David Sepulveda for capturing the installation process. Check out his photos below.


EMERGENCY Services Minister Chris Picton has praised the mateship and community spirit shown in the wake of the devastating Sherwood bushfires as he toured the scorched region last week.
He praised the efforts of Country Fire Service volunteers who saved 20 buildings and homes as flames up to 13 metres high swept through the Upper South East during catastrophic fire conditions on January 6.
"Some 13,000ha between Keith and Bordertown were affected," Mr Picton said.


Use Beadalon's beading loom to create continuous woven designs from seed beads. It's easy to set up and operate, comprised of deluxe metal construction and has correctly-spaced metal thread separators. Bead weaving is simple and safe with no sharp edges to cut or damage thread.


X.Leah.XO Contact Info ( Phone Number, Social Media Verified Accounts) | Age, Bio Profile Info – X.LEAH.XO is an American Instagram Star, Gymnast as well as Social Media Phenomenon who has widely known for the @x.leah.xo Instagram account. She has posted her all Gymnastic Pose as well as selfies photos on her account. But the authenticity of his account has not confirmed yet. Her all gymnastics videos are also posted on Facebook page by @Peopleareawesome Page. Moreover, we couldn't find her all accounts when we find out then post it soon.
She has also an account on INSTAGRAM in which she Posts her Videos or Pictures on INSTAGRAM. If you want to follow her then click on the above link.


The ever vibrant city of Philadelphia can pose daily challenges for an emergency manager, but for 2012 Center for Homeland Defense and Security master's degree alumna, Sam Phillips, practice makes perfect.
Phillips joined the Philadelphia Office of the Emergency Management in 2007 and for the past five years has been the director of the agency. The past two years have seen an exceptional swell of activity from the unexpected – an Amtrak train derailment and a transit strike among them – to long-planned events such as the July 2016 Democratic National Convention to a September 2015 visit from Pope Francis that drew an estimated 1 million people to the city.
The grueling pace is a good thing. The dignitary visits and conventions offer an opportunity to focus on planning, logistics, and collaboration in preparation for a catastrophe later.
That notion proved timely during the May 2015 Amtrak derailment. Phillips' team was fresh from planning for the Papal visit and was amid revising a mass casualty plan that required working with law enforcement, fire, and emergency medical services.
"We were so involved in planning for the Papal visit that we already had these incredible relationships that we could leverage during the derailment," she recalled.
While there are few "average days" for any emergency manager, the job in Philadelphia carries some ongoing challenges. First is the core mission. Is the team fully prepared for an unexpected crisis? Has it bonded with the necessary peer agencies? The department and its partners need to evolve and be ready with the best resources possible in order to fully manage an unexpected crisis.
Coupled with the operational challenges are budget and bureaucratic boundaries common to government leadership. The city is transitioning to performance-based budgeting. As any experienced player in homeland security well knows, preparedness and deterrence don't easily mesh with fiscal metrics.
Another consistent priority is ensuring staff is at full strength and that the team is adequately trained and exercised to manage the next big catastrophe.
"How do we evolve and train in a way that makes us, not 29 employees but 29 emergency managers," Phillips said.
Phillips was appointed by former Mayor Michael Nutter and retained in the post by current Mayor Jim Kenney. In announcing his appointment, Kenney commended Phillips' work in several disasters, including Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee.
A CHDS master's degree education has been beneficial in doing her job, especially in areas of navigating response, budgeting and the plethora of writing and documentation the multi-pronged job demands. The curriculum nurtures strategic thinking, Phillips said, and the critical thinking challenge tests one's prism in how they look at things.
Equally important is the alumni network that offers access to a nationwide cadre of homeland security professionals that have a wide range of experiences to draw upon. There are a dozen master's degree alumni in the Philadelphia region in addition to hundreds across the country.


text:
Opinion-Editorial NEWS
Opinion-Editorial / Editorial / Alert level 2 in NCR signals opportunities for safe return to normalcy, boosts economic recovery prospects
Editorial, Opinion-Editorial
Alert level 2 in NCR signals opportunities for safe return to normalcy, boosts economic recovery prospects
Published November 6, 2021, 12:05 AM
by Manila Bulletin
Responding to an apparent widespread clamor, the government declared the de-escalation of the National Capital Region (NCR) from alert level 3 to alert level 2 from November 5 to 21. This de-escalation follows an emergent consensus among key stakeholders on the need for fast-tracking the further opening up of business establishments, offices, schools, recreational facilities and venues for mass gatherings in view of clear indications that the risk level from coronavirus infection continued to decline.
Based on Department of Health (DOH) data, Metro Manila has been reclassified as a low-risk area in view of the following key indicators: first, average daily attack rate has declined to 5.72 per 100,000 population from 6.36 the previous week; second, positivity rate is down to five percent and reproduction rate is low at .53; third, all 17 local government units (LGUs) in the region posted reproduction numbers less than 0.9; fourth, daily average number of new cases at 810 is 14 percent lower than the previous week's 901. Over and above these highly upside indicators, it was reported that more than 80 percent of the eligible population in Metro Manila has been fully vaccinated while 96 percent of adults have received at least a first dose.
With all health-related bases fully covered, the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for the Management of Emergent Infectious Diseases green-lighted Metro Manila's reclassification to Alert Level 2. The majority of business establishments and services are now allowed to operate, or be undertaken "at a maximum of 50 percent indoor venue capacity for fully vaccinated individuals and even those below 18 years of age, even if unvaccinated, and 70 percent outdoor capacity".
Previously prohibited activities that would now be permitted to take place include, among others: limited face-to-face or in-person classes for basic education subject to Office of the President approval; kid amusement playgrounds and kiddie rides; and karaoke bars, theaters and live-audience venues such as concert halls and theaters. Government agencies are mandated to become fully operational with up to 50 percent on-site capacity while continuing with flexible work arrangements.
Prior to the cautious stance taken by the IATF in initially declaring an extension of alert level 3 until November 15, the country's economic managers, business leaders and the LGUs uniformly expressed their belief that a downshift to alert level 2 was both timely and imperative.
The National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) projected that with the NCR under Alert Level 2, the country's gross domestic product (GDP) would gain P3.6 billion and some 16,000 jobs would be recovered. As reported by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the country's unemployment rate increased last August from 3.88 million in August 2021 to 4.25 million resulting to an unemployment rate of 8.9 percent — the highest since January 2021. High unemployment and sluggish economic activity could further erode prospects for economic rejuvenation toward yearend.
Meantime, medical experts are proposing the start of booster vaccination for priority sectors such as health workers and senior citizens. This would preclude the possibility that waning vaccine efficacy might trigger a fresh spike in infections that could reverse anew the steady march toward recovery on all fronts.
alert level 2
boosts economic recovery prospects
NCR signals opportunities
safe return to normalcy
Looking around at them with anger
A resilient Republic
'Academic break' may help ease burden on students, teachers
How Inday Sara Duterte swept Filipinos off their feet
Weddings and the pandemic
Sports stardom and public interest
["editorial","opinions-and-editorials","opinions-and-editorials"]
Opinion, Opinion-Editorial
Learning to live with COVID-19
Self-discipline: Vital key in COVID containment
Review-19
The Sabbath was made for man
Omicron this, Omicron that!
What a year it has been for BPI
Concerned OFWs ask: How secure are 2022 Philippine polls against hacking?
Show cause order vs UE


Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean reservoir by drilling an injection well bore having an outlet in the reservoir and drilling a production well bore spaced apart from the injection well bore and having an inlet in the reservoir. A permeable zone having a first patterned web of channels radiating outwardly from the outlet of the injection well and connecting to a second patterned web of channels radiating outwardly from the inlet of the production well is formed in the reservoir. Heated fluid is passed from the outlet into the permeable zone to mobilize hydrocarbons in the subterranean reservoir so that the mobilized hydrocarbons flow toward the inlet. The permeable zone fans out from the wells to cover an extended area of the reservoir to enhance hydrocarbon recovery by heating hydrocarbons from an expanded area of a reservoir and gravity draining the hydrocarbons.
The present invention relates to the recovery of hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir.
Hydrocarbons that are recovered from a subterranean reservoir include oil, gases, gas condensates, shale oil and bitumen. To recover a hydrocarbon, such as oil, from a subterranean formation, a well is typically drilled down to the subterranean oil reservoir and the oil is collected at the well head. The recovery of hydrocarbons that are very heavy or dense, such as for example, the recovery of bitumen from oil sands, are especially difficult as these materials are often thick and viscous at reservoir temperatures, so it is even more difficult to extract them from the subterranean reservoir. For example, bitumen can have a viscosity of greater than 100,000 centipoises, which makes it difficult to flow. Suitable methods for the recovery of these heavier viscous hydrocarbons are desirable to increase the world's supply of energy. Methods for recovering bitumen are particular desirable because there are several trillion barrels of bitumen deposits in the world, of which only about 20% or so are recoverable with currently available technology.
A conventional method of recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean oil reservoir is by utilizing both a production well and an injection well. In this method, a vertical production well is drilled down to a hydrocarbon reservoir, and a vertical injection well is drilled at a region spaced apart from the production well. A fluid is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir via the injection well, and the fluid promotes the flow of hydrocarbons through the reservoir formation and towards the production well for collection. However, a problem with this method is that the injected fluids tend to find a relatively short and direct path between the injection and production wells, and therefore, bypass a significant amount of oil in the so called "blind spot". Furthermore, if the injected fluid, such as steam, is lighter than the reservoir oil, the injected fluid tends to flow through the upper portion of the reservoir and thus bypass a significant amount of oil at the bottom of the reservoir. Due to these unfavorable mechanisms, injected fluids tend to reach the production well at a relatively early time. When this "early breakthrough" of the fluids occurs, the steam-oil ratio increases rapidly and recovery efficiency of the hydrocarbons is reduced.
In one method of improving the recovery of hydrocarbons using vertical injection and production wells, a horizontal high-permeability web is formed at the bottom of the production well to increase the hydrocarbon recovery area at that region, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,520, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The high-permeability web has multiple channels or fracture zones that are formed horizontally about a receiving region of the production well located near the bottom of the reservoir. To recover the hydrocarbons, a neighboring injection well injects steam into a top portion of the reservoir via an injection inlet. The injected steam heats the hydrocarbons in the reservoir, and pushes the hydrocarbons downwards for collection by the high-permeability web of the production well.
However, while this method increases the recovery area immediately about the production well and displaces the oil in a "gravity stable" manner, it's extraction efficiency per unit area is low for subterranean reservoirs having viscous hydrocarbons that are difficult to flow under typical injection pressures. Oil recovery from these reservoirs, such as oil sands reservoirs, remains difficult and yet highly desirable.
In one version of a conventional recovery method, a "huff and puff" process is used to recover bitumen from a subterranean oil sands reservoir. In this method, a vertical well bore is drilled to the reservoir and steam is injected towards the bottom of the bore and into the surrounding reservoir. The steam heats the bitumen about the well bore to reduce its viscosity and cause it to flow back to the well bore. When a desired amount of the bitumen has been collected in the bottom of the well bore, the well is pumped off and the oil is collected at the well head. However, the steam typically traverses only the area immediately around the vicinity of well bore which may be only a small portion of the underground reservoir. Thus the amount of oil recovered is limited by the distance the steam can travel before it cools and condenses, and a large portion of the reservoir may not be reached by steam using this method.
In another conventional method, a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is used to recover bitumen from a subterranean reservoir. In this method, a horizontal production well bore is formed near the bottom of the reservoir. A horizontal steam injection well is formed parallel and above the production well bore. The injected steam heats the bitumen between the wells, as well as above the injection well, and gravitational forces drain the heated bitumen fluids down to the production well for collection. However, this method has problems that are similar to those of the huff and puff method. Namely, after the steam from the injection well reaches the top of the reservoir, the bitumen production becomes limited by the extent to which the steam can laterally expand. As heat losses from the steam to the overburden above the reservoir are high, the lateral expansion is restricted, and a large amount of the reservoir may not be reached by the heated steam.
Thus, it is desirable to efficiently recover hydrocarbons from a large are of a subterranean reservoir. It is furthermore desirable to recover dense or viscous hydrocarbons with injection and production wells that provide a heated fluid to the subterranean reservoir.
In one method of recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir, an injection well bore having an outlet and a spaced apart production well bore having an inlet, are drilled into a subterranean reservoir. A permeable zone is formed in the subterranean reservoir that has a first patterned web of channels radiating outwardly from the outlet of the injection well and connecting to a second patterned web of channels radiating from an inlet of the production well bore. A heated fluid is flowed from the outlet of the injection well into the permeable zone to mobilize hydrocarbons in the subterranean reservoir so that the mobilized hydrocarbons flow toward the inlet of the production well bore.
A version of a well pattern to recover hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir has the injection well bore, production well bore, and the permeable zone, and also has an injection fluid supply to supply a heated fluid to the subterranean reservoir to heat the hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
In one version, the injection and production well bores are located at alternating intersection points of a grid pattern. The grid pattern has squares with diagonally facing injection wells bores and diagonally facing production wells bores. The permeable zones are formed to connect facing pairs of outlets of the injection well bores and facing pairs of inlets of the injection well bores in the subterranean region.
In another version, a substantially vertical well bore is drilled into the subterranean reservoir, for huff and puff applications, and a permeable zone having a patterned web of channels is formed that radiates outwardly from the outlet and extends upwardly from the well bore into the subterranean reservoir at an angle of at least about 5 degrees. A heated fluid is flowed into the permeable zone.
A drilling tool to drill a permeable zone has a drill head capable of being inserted into a well bore. The drill head can drill a permeable zone that fans out directly from the well bore at a horizontal angle of from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees. The drilling tool can comprise powered mechanical drill bits or a high-pressure water jet.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a drilling tool adapted to drill multiple conduits to form a permeable zone having a predetermined shape.
The present invention is used to recover hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11. The hydrocarbons can be in the form of oil, gas, gas condensate, shale oil and bitumen. The recovery method may be particularly beneficial in the recovery of dense hydrocarbons, such as bitumen.
To recover hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11, a substantially vertical production well 31 is drilled into the ground to receive and recover the hydrocarbons, as shown in FIG. 1. The production well 31 comprises a well bore 32 drilled through one or more overlying layers, such as an overburden 12 to a desired depth in or beneath the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11. A well casing 33 can extend at least partially along the length of the well bore 32 to structurally support the bore 32. The well bore 32 comprises a hydrocarbon receiving zone 34 having one or more receiving inlets 35 in or about the subterranean reservoir 11, the inlets 35 comprising, for example, perforations in the well casing 33, or a portion of the well bore 32 that is otherwise open to the surrounding subterranean formation, such as an open lower end of the well bore 32. The inlets 35 into the well bore 32 are desirably located towards the bottom of and even underneath the hydrocarbon reservoir 11.
Hydrocarbons are collected from the well 31 through a tubing 36 that extends through the well bore 32 to a well head 37 located towards the top of the well bore 32. The hydrocarbons can be lifted through the tubing 36 by natural pressure, induced pressure from injected steams, or with the assistance of a pump (not shown) to pump the hydrocarbons from the bottom of the bore 32 to the well head.
A substantially vertical injection well 21 is provided to inject a fluid into at least a portion of the subterranean reservoir 11 to mobilize and promote the flow of hydrocarbons towards the production well 31. The injection well 21 comprises an injection well bore 22 that is drilled at a location that is spaced apart from the production well 31. The injection well bore 22 can be drilled to a desired depth in or beneath the hydrocarbon reservoir 11, and a well casing 23 can be provided that extends along at least a portion of the bore 22 to structurally support the well bore 22. The injection well bore 22 comprises an injection zone 24 having one or more injection outlets 25 that may be, for example, perforations in the well casing 23 or portions of the well bore that are otherwise open to the surrounding subterranean formation. The injection outlets 25 are desirably located adjacent to the reservoir 11 to provide fluid to the reservoir 11, and may be near the bottom of the reservoir 11.
Typically, a heated fluid is injected by the injection well 21 to heat the hydrocarbons in the reservoir 11, thereby reducing the viscosity of and mobilizing the hydrocarbons so the hydrocarbons flow through the subterranean reservoir 11 towards the receiving zone 34 of the production well 31. For example, the heated fluid can comprise a vaporized liquid such as steam that is supplied by an injection fluid supply 27 such as a steam generator, and injected into the subterranean reservoir 11 via tubing 26. The steam can also be super-heated to provide more thermal energy. As another example, the injected fluid can comprise an oxygen-containing fluid. In this version, an oxygen-containing fluid, such as oxygen gas or air, is supplied by injection fluid supply 27 and is injected into the subterranean reservoir 11 at the injection zone 24. The combustible fluid and reservoir hydrocarbons can be ignited, for example, by lowering an igniter to the injection zone 24. Burning hydrocarbons in the reservoir 11 generates heat that reduces the viscosity of the remaining hydrocarbons. Also, the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons can decompose heavy hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbon molecules that flow more easily to the production well 31, and can also dilute heavier hydrocarbons to promote their flow. The injection fluid may also comprise light hydrocarbons that are easier to ignite to facilitate initiation of the combustion and hydrocarbon burn.
To improve the recovery of the hydrocarbons, a permeable zone 13 is formed to connect the injection and production wells 21, 31. The permeable zone 13 comprises a patterned web of channels 15 in the subterranean reservoir 11 that radiate outwardly from the outlet 25 of the injection well 21 and connect to the inlet 35 of the production well 31. For example, the permeable zone 13 can comprise a first patterned web of channels 17 a that radiates out from the outlet 25 of the injection well 21 and connects to a second patterned web of channels 17 b that radiates out from the inlet 35 of the production well 31. The permeable zone 13 having the patterned web of channels 15 increases the flow of hydrocarbons to the production well 31 by providing a highly permeable and accessible pathway in which the hydrocarbons from the reservoir 11 can flow towards the production well 31. The permeable zone 13 also provides an extended heated fluid flow area adjacent to the hydrocarbon reservoir 11 to allow heating of a larger portion of the reservoir 11, and thus, provides for the recovery of a greater number of hydrocarbons from the reservoir 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the permeable zone 13 is formed in a lower section of the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11 such that the hydrocarbons above the permeable zone 13 in the extended region between the injection and production wells 21, 31 are heated by the fluids injected into the permeable zone 13. The heated hydrocarbons in the reservoir 11 above the permeable zone 13 are drained via gravity into the zone 13, in which the heated hydrocarbons flow through to the receiving zone 34 of the connecting production well 31. Thus, the permeable zone 13 provides enhanced heating of an extended area of the hydrocarbon reservoir 11 and improves flow of the heated hydrocarbons to the production well 31 to increase recovery of the hydrocarbons.
The permeable zone 13 can have a patterned web of channels 15 with a predetermined shape that induces a gravity flow of the mobilized hydrocarbons towards the production well 31. For example, the permeable zone 13 can be formed about a plane that is angled downwardly from the injection well bore 22 to the production well bore 32. A suitable angle may be a vertical angle θ, as shown in FIG. 1, of from 0° to about 30°, such as at least about 5°, and even from about 5° to about 20°. To provide a connecting permeable zone 13 having a steeper angle, the injection outlets 25 can be located at positions along the injection well bore 22 that are above the receiving inlets 35 of the production well bore 32. The production well bore 32 can also be drilled into a region below the subterranean reservoir 11, such as in an underburden 14, to provide the desired angle.
The permeable zone 13 also desirably fans out from at least one and preferably both of the wells 21, 31 to provide one or more wedge-like shapes that increase in width with increasing distance from the bore to cover a larger area of the reservoir 11, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. By forming a zone 13 that radiates out from the bores with increasing width, an increased area of the hydrocarbon reservoir 11 can be heated by the fluid passed through the fluid flow zone 13. For example, the permeable zone 13 can fan out from at least one of the well bores 22, 32 to cover an extended area between the wells 21,31, such as an area about a "blind spot" between the wells. A horizontal angle φ carved out by the radiating permeable zone 13, as shown in FIG. 2, may be from about 0° to about 90°, and even from about 30° to about 60°. In one version, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the permeable zone 13 comprises a first radiating section 13 a having a first patterned web of channels 17 a connected to the injection well bore 22 of well 21, and a second radiating section 13 b having a second patterned web of channels 17 b connected to the production well bore 32 of well 31. The first and second sections 13 a and 13 b of the permeable zone 13 are connected together at a point where the sections 13 a, 13 b are fairly wide, thus, enhancing heating of the regions between the wells 21, 31.
The permeable zone 13 can also comprise a predetermined shape that connects the injection wells and production wells to form a convoluted and indirect path, such that the permeable zone 13 extends to cover a larger portion of the hydrocarbon reservoir 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the permeable zone 13 can comprise first and second sections 13 a, 13 b that are angled with respect to each other such that section 13 a bisects section 13 b with a horizontal angle α of from about 90 to about 180 degrees, such as about 90 degrees to about 150 degrees. The vertical angle can be from about 0 to about 30 degrees, such as from example, about 5 to about 20 degrees. This circuitous and indirect route between the injection and production wells 21, 31 allows the fluids flowing in the permeable zone 13 to heat regions of the reservoir 11 that are remote from the wells 21, 31 and that otherwise could be difficult to reach.
The method of recovering hydrocarbons by passing a heated fluid through the permeable zone 13 can be applied to various injection and production well patterns 41. For example, the method of hydrocarbon recovery can be applied to a 5-spot well pattern 41, as shown in FIG. 3. Although the 5-spot well pattern 41 is used as an example, similar principles could be used to apply the recovery method comprising the permeable zone 13 to configurations having only one or two wells, and also configurations having wells in a 4, 7 or 9 spot pattern. In the exemplary 5-spot well pattern 41, alternating production and injection wells 31, 21 are drilled to form an array of wells disposed at the intersection points of an ordered grid pattern 42, for example, with the wells 31, 21 located at the intersection points 43 of the pattern 42. The grid pattern 42 provides extended coverage of a reservoir 11 with multiple hydrocarbon recovery points to increase hydrocarbon production. The intersection points of the grid pattern 42 form one or more squares 46, and each square, such as the first square 46 a, has the injection and production wells 21 a,e, 31 a,b arranged in an alternating fashion at the vertices of the square 46 a such that the production wells 31 a, 31 b lie facing each other along one diagonal of the square and the injection wells 21 a, 21 e lie facing each other along the other diagonal. In the version shown in FIG. 3, four squares 46 a-d having this pattern of injection and production wells 21 a-21 e, 31 a-31 d are placed together to form the well pattern 41, with one of the injection wells 21 e forming a common vertex or intersection point 43 of all four squares 46 a-d.
The pairs of injection wells and production wells in each square 46 a-d are connected together via one or more permeable zones 13. The wells can be each interconnected to the others via the permeable zone 13, as shown in FIG. 3. Desirably, the permeable zone 13 connects the injection and production wells in each square 46 a-46 d in an indirect manner to form a convoluted path therebetween. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, each square 46 a-d comprises a permeable zone 13 having first through eighth triangular sections 13 a-h. Each section 13 a-h fans out with increasing width from a single well 21 a, 21 e, 31 a, 31 b, and pairs of sections of adjacent injection and productions such as 13 a and 13 b abut together along a base 44 of each triangular section about the interior region 16 a of the square 46 a, also called the blind spot, to form an interconnected zone 13. Thus, the sections 13 a-h of the permeable zone 13 form a convoluted and circuitous highly-permeable route to allow the fluids flowing in the permeable zone 13 to reach the interior region 16 a, and thereby heat even remote regions 16, such as the blind spots.
The permeable zones 13 in each square 46 a-d form relatively "open" region of the reservoir 11, through which the heated fluid can readily passes, and which are spaced apart from one another in the grid pattern 42 by relatively "closed" and unexcavated regions 45 of the reservoir 11 that remain in the areas of each square 46 where the permeable zone 13 has not been formed. The unexcavated regions 45 are typically in areas where the path between the production well 31 and injection well 21 is relatively short and direct, such as along a side 47 of the square 46 a. For example, the unexcavated regions 45 can comprise obtuse triangles bounded in each square 46 a by two sections 13 a,b of the permeable zone 13 and the side 47 of the square 46 a. The relatively closed unexcavated regions 45 force the heated fluid to primarily take a more convoluted path between the wells via the permeable zone 13, and thereby sweep out a greater region of the reservoir 11. However, because the distance between the wells in the unexcavated regions 45 is relatively short, the heated fluid gradually seeps into the unexcavated regions 45 and recovers hydrocarbons from these regions as well. Thus, the well pattern 41 having the permeable zones 13 and unexcavated regions 45 of FIG. 3 provides for the recovery of hydrocarbons from a maximized area in the subterranean reservoir 11 by facilitating the flow of heated fluid to remote or hard to reach areas and controlling a flow of the heated fluid to the more easily accessible areas. This novel configuration prevents the steam from initially taking the shortest path between the outlet of the injection well and the inlet of production well, and instead forces the steam to access a larger area between the wells. At the same time, it allows hydrocarbons in the closed regions to be gradually swept as the open regions expand into them. Thus, the array of wells in a grid pattern with permeable zones therebetween efficiently recovers hydrocarbons from the subterranean region.
In another version, which can be applied, for example, to a "huff and puff" process, a well 71 is setup to operate as both an injection and production well, as shown in FIG. 4. The well 71 comprises a well bore 72, such as a substantially vertical well bore 72, that extends into the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11. The well 71 can comprise a well casing 73 and a tubing 76 through which fluids such as steam, oxygen, other gases and hydrocarbons, are flowed. A permeable zone 13 having a predetermined shape is formed that extends upwardly from an injection outlet 75 in an injection and receiving zone 74 of the well bore 72 into the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir 11. A suitable vertical angle of the permeable zone 13 may be at least about 5°, such as from about 5° to about 30°, and even from about 10° to about 20°. In operation, heated fluids, such as for example steam or oxygen-containing gases, are introduced into the permeable zone 13 via the injection outlet 75. The heated fluids are "shut in" the well 71, to allow heating of the hydrocarbons above the permeable zone 13. The heated hydrocarbons flow into the permeable zone 13 and drain via gravitational forces along the angled zone 13 into the injection and receiving zone 74 of the well bore 72. Once a sufficient volume of hydrocarbons has been collected in the bottom of the well bore 72, the hydrocarbons are produced to a well head 77 of the well 31, for example by pumping off the well 71, to allow recovery of the hydrocarbons. The method allows for an extended region of the subterranean reservoir 11 about the well bore 72 to be heated, thereby increasing the recovery of the hydrocarbons from the reservoir 11.
Methods of forming the permeable zone 13 include, for example, high-power microwave irradiation, high-pressure water jet drilling, mechanical drilling, explosive fracturing, hydraulic fracturing and drilling with lasers. In one version of a microwave irradiation method, a microwave irradiation device such as a high-power microwave antenna is lowered into one or more of the production and injection well bores 32, 22. The microwave irradiation device generates microwave beams that irradiate regions of the subterranean reservoir 11 adjacent to the well bore, and the water in the irradiated regions is quickly vaporized by the microwave energy. This rapid generation of large amounts of water vapor induces fractures in the regions irradiated by the microwave beams, causing increases in the permeability of the irradiated region and thereby forming a highly permeable zone 13 comprising a patterned web of channels 15 radiating out from the well bore. The frequencies, directions, intensities, angles and durations of the microwave beams are selected to provide desired characteristics of the permeable zone 13, such as the desired predetermined shape, including the direction and angle of the permeable zone 13, and the desired permeability of the zone 13. A suitable permeability of the irradiated region, and thus the permeable zone 13, is for example more than about one Darcy. Multiple radiating permeable zones 13 can also be provided by irradiating the subterranean reservoir 11 from the bore in multiple different directions, for example to connect wells in adjacent 5-spot patterns. Microwave methods of irradiation are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,299,887 to Ensley et al, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety and U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,520 to Yu et al., herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The permeable zone 13 can also be formed by at least one of a mechanical and a high pressure water jet drilling method. Methods of drilling with a high pressure water jet drill are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,184 to Landers et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,520 to Yu et al., both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. In a method of drilling the permeable zone 13, a drilling tool is lowered into one or more of the injection well bore 22 and the production well bore 32. The drilling tool drills multiple channels 15 radiating out from the well bores 22, 32, to form a permeable zone 13 having a patterned web of channels, as shown for example in FIGS. 2 and 3. The multiple channels 15 provide a highly permeable and extended area into which the hydrocarbons and fluids can flow.
The multiple channels 15 of the patterned web can be formed in the predetermined shape, for example upwardly or downwardly angled, and can also be formed such that a horizontal angle φ formed between outermost channels 15 a, 15 b is from about 0° to about 90°, and even from about 30° to about 60°. The multiple channels 15 are desirably large enough to provide a good flow of hydrocarbons and fluids through the channels 15, while remaining small enough such that the portions of the reservoir 11 above the permeable zone 13 are not destabilized. A suitable thickness of a channel 15 may be, for example, from about 1 inch to about 12 inches, such as from about 2 inches to about 6 inches.
The channels 15 can further be stabilized by providing a liner 51 about at least a portion of the channel 15, as shown for example in FIG. 5. The liner 51 may be desirable as the drilling and depletion of the hydrocarbons can lead to unstable conditions in the subterranean reservoir 11. The liners 51 can be inserted into the channel 15 by lowering the liner 51 into the well bore and extending the liner from the well bore into the channel 15. The liner 51 comprises a top section 52 that is permeable to the hydrocarbons and fluids, for example the top section 52 can comprise a permeable material such as a highly porous net, a flexible plastic sheet with holes or a synthetic porous media. A bottom section 53 of the liner 51 is shaped to improve the fluid flow through the channel 15, for example, the bottom section 53 can comprise a substantially impermeable and flexible plastic sheet with a groove 54 to facilitate gravity drainage of the fluids. The two sections 52 and 53 are separated by spaced apart braces 55 that provide structural support for the liner 51 and channel 15.
An example of a drilling tool 61 suitable for forming the permeable zone 13 is shown in FIG. 6. The drilling tool 61 comprises a drill head 62 that is capable of being inserted into the well bores 22, 32 and positioned adjacent to the injection zone 24 or receiving zone 34. The drill head 62 is adapted to drill a permeable zone 13 having the desired predetermined shape, such as a permeable zone 13 that fans out from the well bore 22, 32 at a horizontal angle of from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees. The drill head 62 can also be adapted to drill a permeable zone 13 that is angled upwardly or downwardly at an angle of at least about 5 degrees. In one version, the drill head 62 comprises multiple high-pressure water jet nozzles 63 that are positioned to simultaneously drill multiple channels 15 along a predetermined arc of a bore wall 64 by shooting high-pressure water jets at predetermined points along the arc. In another version, the drill head 62 comprises multiple rotating drilling bits 63 that are adapted to simultaneously drill the multiple channels 15 along the arc in the bore wall 64 to form the permeable zone 13 having the predetermined shape. A drilling tool power source 65 supplies power to the drill head 62 to drill the channels 15.
The following example demonstrates the advantageous process economics of bitumen recovery using a 5-spot well pattern having the permeable zone 13. In this example, the estimated total reservoir volume within a pattern region that is 25 meters thick and with a distance of about 330 feet between adjacent injection and production wells, as is typical for oil sands in Alberta Canada, is 330 ft×330 ft×25 m×3.28 ft/m=9×106 ft3. The bitumen content is typically 25% by volume of the reservoir region, or 2.2×106 ft3 or 4×105 bbl. The heat of combustion of the bitumen is 19,000 BTU/lb and the density of the bitumen is 62 lb/ft3. Thus, the total heat content of the bitumen in a pattern=19000 BTU/lb×62 lb/ft3×2.2×106 ft3=2.6×1012 BTU.
Water=0.1×62 lb/ft3×2.2×106 ft3×(1180−38) BTU/lb=1.6×1010 BTU.
Bitumen=0.25×62 lb/ft3×2.2×106 ft3×0.6 BTU/lb/° F.×(300−70)° F.=4.3×109 BTU.
Sand=0.65×164 lb/ft3×2.2×106 ft3×0.19 BTU/lb/° F.×(300−70)° F.=1.0×1010 BTU.
So the total energy is 3.0×1010 BTU, which is only about 1.2% of the total heat content of the in-place bitumen.
So the total energy required for the combustible fluid process is 8.5×1010 BTU. Overall, a safe estimate of the energy required for a recovery process with steam or combustion is 1.0×1011 BTU, or about 4% of the energy of the bitumen in the reservoir.
The cost of fabricating the permeable zones 13 can also be estimated. The energy required to fabricate a zone 13 for a 2.5-acre 5-spot well pattern by a high-power microwave method is estimated to be less than about 1% of the energy of the in-place bitumen. As oil sands having bitumen are typically fairly shallow and the unconsolidated sands are easy to drill, the costs of forming a zone 13 via mechanical drilling or high pressure water jet is not expected to exceed 2.5% of the energy of the in-place bitumen. Thus, the process of flowing steam or combustion through a permeable zone 13 in the reservoir is expected to be a highly cost-effective and efficient means of bitumen recovery.
The above description and examples show an improved method and well configuration for the recovery of dense hydrocarbons, such as bitumen, from a subterranean reservoir 11, by providing a highly permeable zone 13 having a patterned web of channels radiating out from and connecting injection and production wells 21, 31. The highly permeable zone 13 provides better heating of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir 11 by forming an extended heating area adjacent to and beneath portions of the reservoir 11 to quickly and efficiently heat a larger volume of the reservoir 11. Furthermore, a patterned grid 42 of wells can be provided having interconnecting permeable zones 13 with convoluted flow paths and spaced apart "open" and closed regions to control the flow of the fluids to areas in the reservoir 11 to maximize the recovery of hydrocarbons from the reservoir 11. Because the cost and energy of fabricating the permeable zone 13 and performing the recovery process is expected to be a small percentage of the overall value and energy content of the hydrocarbons in the reservoir 11, the permeable zone 13 is expected to provide a highly cost-effective and energy efficient means of recovering the hydrocarbons from the reservoir 11.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art may devise other embodiments which incorporate the present invention, and which are also within the scope of the present invention. For example, other versions of web patterns can be used depending upon terrain, topography, and the viscosity of the hydrocarbon deposits. Therefore, the appended claims should not be limited to the descriptions of the preferred versions, materials, or spatial arrangements described herein to illustrate the invention.
(d) flowing a heated fluid from the outlet of the injection well and into the permeable zone to mobilize hydrocarbons in the subterranean reservoir so that the mobilized hydrocarbons flow toward the inlet of the production well bore.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises forming a permeable zone having a predetermined shape that induces gravity drainage of the mobilized hydrocarbon towards the inlet of the production well bore.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises forming the permeable zone about a plane that is angled downwardly from the injection well bore to the production well bore.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein (c) comprises forming a permeable zone that is angled downwardly with an angle of from about 5 degrees to about 20 degrees.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises forming a permeable zone having first and second patterned webs of channels that fan out from the injection and production well bores towards an interior region of the reservoir between the injection and production well bore, and wherein the first and second patterned web of channels are connected at the interior region.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises forming a permeable zone that fans out from at least one of the injection and production well bores at a horizontal angle of from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein (c) comprises forming a permeable zone having a convoluted path between the injection well bore and production well bore.
8. A method according to claim 1 comprising forming a plurality of injection well bores and production well bores that are disposed about the intersection points of a grid pattern.
9. A method according to claim 1 comprising forming two injection well bores and two production well bores that are disposed at the vertices of a square, the injection well bores lying on a first diagonal and the production well bores lying on a second diagonal of the square, and further comprising forming permeable zones that pass through an interior region of the square to connect outlets and inlets of the injection and production well bores.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises flowing a heated fluid comprising an oxygen-containing gas into the permeable zone.
(c) flowing a heated fluid from the outlets into the permeable zones to fluidize hydrocarbons in the subterranean reservoir so that the fluidized hydrocarbons flow toward the inlets of the production well bores.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein in (b) the permeable zones are spaced apart from one another in the grid pattern by unexcavated reservoir regions.
13. A method according to claim 11 wherein in (b) the permeable zones comprise triangular sections that fan out with increasing width from each well bore.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein in (b) each triangular section covers an angle of from about 30 to about 60 degrees.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein diagonally opposing triangular sections abut together along a base of each triangle about a center of the square.
16. A method according to claim 11 wherein (c) comprises flowing a heated fluid comprising an oxygen-containing gas into the permeable zones.
18. A method according to claim 17 wherein (b) comprises forming a permeable zone that fans out from the well bore at a horizontal angle of from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees.
a permeable zone in the subterranean reservoir comprising a first patterned web of channels radiating outwardly from the outlet of the injection well and connecting to a second patterned web of channels radiating outwardly from the inlet of the production well in the reservoir, whereby the heated fluid flows from the outlet into the permeable zone to mobilize hydrocarbons in the subterranean reservoir so that the mobilized hydrocarbons flow toward the inlet of the production well.
20. A well pattern according to claim 19 wherein the permeable zone is angled downwardly from the injection well bore to the production well bore at an angle of from about 5 degrees to about 20 degrees.
21. A well pattern according to claim 19 wherein the permeable zone fans out from at least one of the injection and production well bores at an angle of from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees.
22. A well pattern according to claim 19 wherein the permeable zone has a convoluted path between the injection and production well bores.
a power source to supply power to the drill head.
24. A drilling tool according to claim 23, wherein the drill head is capable of drilling the permeable zone such that the permeable zone is upwardly or downwardly angled at least about 5 degrees.
25. A drilling tool according to claim 23, wherein the drill head is capable of drilling multiple conduits fanning out from the well bore.
US1093031A (en) * 1914-04-14 Frank O Brown Method of raising fluids from artesian wells.
ES2251254T3 (en) 2006-04-16 Method and system for accessing subterranean deposits from the surface.


text:
Sun City: Life After Life
Celebrity Portraits
Topophilia
Small Town America
Music Eden
The Border Patrol | The New York Times
Young Thug | FADER
Perfume Genius | Huck
College Republicans Convention | Buzzfeed News
The Train Window | WIRED
Williston, ND Oil Boomtown | AARP
Greensboro, Alabama | NPR + This American Life
Aging | TIME
Church | Atlanta Magazine
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The Sun City Poms
Robby Redar, Long Beach
For ProPublica
Juan and Imelda Calderon in El Paso, Texas October 4, 2019. Imelda, who suffers from dementia, went missing in November 2018 when she slipped away from her husband at a store and then somehow made it across the Mexico border in Juarez.
David Walter Banks
Curtis Hay, 87, plays pool at one of the rec centers with a 96-year-old a couple times a week and "as a matter of fact I won all the games today, but one," he said. He has lived in Sun City with his wife for 20 years now and said it has everything. He sits in his golf cart in his Sun City driveway.
Danielle Gandy poses with her two daughters Madison Jacquette (left), 15, and Cadynce Hines, 6, outside of their Los Angeles, CA home on May 30, 2020.
Young Thug for FADER
Perfume Genius, for Huck
Elaine Welteroth For The New York Times
Jim, 66, and his husband Howard, 68, have been a couple for 42 years this September. They moved to Sun City 10 years ago.
Velta Larson and Gene Limbacher pose between round dances at Social Hall No. 1 during a square dance and round dance night in Sun City, Arizona December 8, 2009. The dancing pair are not married but have been dancing together for 16 years.
Singer, songwriter, producer, musician Thundercat in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles
Will Ferrell for The New York Times
Perry Fisher is working with Attorney Peter Borenstein to try and reclaim money allegedly stolen by his former attorney when he was incarcerated.
For The Marshall Project
Snoop Dogg + Martha Stewart
Recently blessed uncooperative cats become entertainment for the congregation of the All Saints of the Desert Episcopal Church as they make their way back to their pew with their owners during the annual blessing of the animals.
Margaret and Corey
Julia Whelan, actor and voice actor
For The Lily
Aga Maru
Award-winning skier Lindsey Vonn For TIME
I met Larry at his cousin's funeral December 11, 2010. Monte, 70, had died crashing an ultralight plane that he had just learned to fly. (The crash site was located by the giant plume of dust and smoke that billowed out of the desert sand into the sky.) I was sitting on the ground on the tennis court Monte had played at every day in Sun City, with my camera aimed upwards, just moments before all the mourners sang in unison and released colorful balloons into the sky. Larry bent over and said, "Hi, who are you and who are you taking photos for?" I told him TIME Magazine and he was impressed. It was my third trip back, and TIME had commissioned my return. Larry still tells every single person he introduces me to this story about my working for TIME at his cousin's funeral. It makes me blush every time, but I love that he tells it because it feels like one of those proud dad moves. Last visit last year, Larry's Jeannie told me about discovering she had a brain tumor — by watching an episode of Dr. Oz, believe it or not. The longer I'm away, the more anxious I become that something might have happened to them, and then, luckily, in their next email I find that they are fine and hope I will visit soon.
Jeannie always has cookies or brownies for me when I visit and we shared cookies and mango in their backyard in Sun City this weekend. Larry asked Jeannie if they should show me the new shirts they had made and I interrupted and said yes! So they went in and changed tops and came back out and unveiled this sweetness. Larry and Jeannie started dating (if you can call it that) when they were in second grade, in 1950.
LaKeith Stanfield For The Washington Post
Christine Lahti For The New York Times
Quarterback Baker Mayfield for ESPN
Artistic duo FriendsWithYou are Samuel Borkson (left) and Arturo Sandoval III.
For The New York Times
Lindsey Vonn for TIME
The ringmaster
A woman steps out of the Saturday night Classic Rock Dance Club at Fairway Recreation Center in Sun City
Actor Bobby Cannavale
Tanaïs is a novelist and she also created Hi Wildflower, a beauty and fragrance brand.
The Fountain of Youth Spa and RV Park's 50th Anniversary Parade in Niland, California.
The first annual Howl-O-Ween Dog Costume Parade at the Duffeeland Dog Park in Sun City.
Little Mr. and Miss Groundhog crowning ceremony at Punxsutawney Weather Discovery Center in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania following Punxsutawney Phil's prediction for a longer winter.
Audrey Jean Johnson, 5, and David Kunselman, 6, were crowned
Actress Grace Zabriskie
The Sun City Poms for AARP
Olaf Breuning's smoke bomb installation
Sisters Sara and Erin Foster
Rapper Ca$h Out in Atlanta
For FADER
On the set of DJ Khaled's "No New Friends" video with Lil Wayne, Rick Ross, and Drake directed by Collin Tilley at Chateau Artisan outside of Miami, Florida.
Gillian Anderson + David Duchovny
Allie Van Why, Chugwater, Wyoming
Elena Turner poses for a portrait at her family home in Costa Mesa, California. She is spending her COVID quarantine from college at her family home.
Purple Woods, 77, poses for a portrait at the Sun City Senior Prom at Sundial Auditorium in Sun City, Arizona March 6, 2020. The theme was The Roaring Twenties and the flyer said "The Roaring 2020's that is!"
As she walked in the entrance completely drenched in purple from head to toe (even a pillow, water bottle and bag she carried were purple), I was enamored with her—her spirit, her energy, the way she moved, how she said her one regret was never jumping out of a plane with a parachute so she could feel what it was like to float so effortlessly and how she cannot wait to go to heaven to dance on the clouds there.
Rappers walk a line that straddles struggle and fantasy, and fame.
Long hours late at night in a studio pay off for some.
Until then, success is projected through chains and rhymes.
This is a peek into both the projection and the reality.
Food truck, East Dublin, Georgia
Elvis Week and another Elvis sighting
Allie Van Why flips her hair as she waits to run to second base during a tee ball game in Chugwater, Wyoming. Chugwater's population is just under 300 people.
Thomas Goett's driveway is lined with plastic reinder. "My wife back up and ran him over," he said of the broken one.
Coal-fired smokestacks can be seen from just about anywhere in Cheshire, Ohio. The village, which is along the Ohio River, has a population that is a fraction of what it was just years before. The schools sit empty with locked doors. In 2002, the American Electric Power Company settled with citizens over an investigation in pollution and the consequences it had on the residents. The power plant had a $20 million buyout and most of the more than 200 residents sold their property and left. Still, some residents remain in Cheshire today.
A swine competition at the Lincoln County State Fair in Troy, Missouri
Bluesman, Clarksdale, Mississippi.
Gordon Parlova and Debbie Webb dance at the annual Sun City Senior Prom at Sundial Auditorium in Sun City, Arizona March 6, 2020. The theme was The Roaring Twenties and the flyer said "The Roaring 2020's that is!"
Petya and Viktoriya, who are acrobats from Bulgaria, have a unique act where they hang from their hair and spin. There's no trick to the act, although they both spray their hair wet to make it hurt a little less. Viktoriya is married to one of the show's motorcycle stuntmen, Andrey Medeiros, and the two have a three-year-old son.
Pedro Carillo, flexes his muscles, before heading into the ring to walk across the high wire with the Toprasta Troupe, from Colombia. Carillo was born in 1947 to a Colombian cowboy. He has been walking across the wire for more than 40 years. He performs the three-tier, 7-Man Pyramid on the High Wire with his troupe for the Cole Bros. Circus.
Jeannie and the tangerines in Sun City
Balloons are released by family and friends, including his youngest sister Janis Schewe (center, blonde), at the memorial service for Sun City resident Monte Haag, who moved to Sun City in 2000 and died in a crash flying an ultralight plane outside of Sun City.
© Kendrick Brinson 2022MINIMAL
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Megan Gale has opened up for the first time about the heartbreaking loss she faced last year, suffering a miscarriage while beginning work on her dream project Australia's Next Top Model.
"It took us six months with River…so we thought, let's try around April and see what happens," she tells InStyle.
However just as she was due to start filming she fell ill.
However she recently shared videos of the interview on her Instagram, revealing how difficult it was for her to talk about the miscarriage.
"You don't really want to be reminded of it all the time, so I think that's why a lot of women don't talk about it," she said.
She added that she felt incredibly guilty at first, and looked for reasons that it might have gone wrong.
"I was just so shocked, and immediately you just go into a bit of blame. What have I done? Because you're charged with this responsibility to grow this life and carry it through.
"I think it's very natural with miscarriage to have this feeling that you've really dropped the ball."
However things changed when she fell pregnant again, with a healthy baby boy.
"I fell pregnant immediately," she wrote. "As my obstetrician said at the time, this is a blessing and a good sign for the future should we choose to try again."
Megan Gale also opened up about what it's like to work as a model, and why she chose to be a mum.
"I'm a bit of a nerd in that I just love to be professional and do the best job that I can. But I thought, 'It's worth it at the end of it because I'm going to have this baby,'" she tells InStyle.
After a reassuring six-week scan, Gale scheduled her next obstetric appointment to fall just before she jetted to Milan with the final four Top Model contestants to film the semi-final episode. But, she says, as the weeks progressed, something didn't feel right.
What followed was a harrowing sequence of events: an in-hospital procedure in Melbourne, before a rushed trip to Sydney, and then the long journey to Milan. "There was a risk of it getting out and spreading like wildfire, and I wasn't prepared to deal with everyone knowing," she says.


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