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Created by Jijith Nadumuri at 03 Mar 2010 18:16 and updated at 03 Mar 2010 18:16
Mbh.1.75.4119 And Narada taught these thousand sons of Daksha the excellent philosophy of Sankhya as a means of salvation.
Mbh.2.43.1732 Passing over Bhishmaka of abundant energy, and king Dantavakra, and Bhagadatta known for his innumerable sacrificial stakes, and Jayatsena the king of the Magadha, and Virata and Drupada, and Sakuni and Vrihadvala, and Vinda and Anuvinda of Avant Pandya, Sweta Uttama Sankhya of great prosperity, the proud Vrishasena, the powerful Ekalavya, and the great charioteer Kalinga of abundant energy, why dost thou praise Kesava?
Mbh.3.2.80 Then a learned Brahmana, Saunaka by name versed in self-knowledge and skilled in the Sankhya system of yoga, addressed the king, saying, Causes of grief by thousands, and causes of fear by hundreds, day after day, overwhelm the ignorant but not the wise.
Mbh.3.3.211 Thou art the refuge of those versed in the Sankhya philosophy the mysteries of the soul, and thou art the support of the Yogins.
Mbh.3.220.11184 That divine spirit whose course is marked with black and white stains, who is the supporter of fire, and who, though free from sin, is the accomplisher of desired karma, whom the wise regard as a great Rishi, is the fire Kapila, the propounder of the Yoga system called Sankhya.
Mbh.6.26.1182 This knowledge, that hath been communicated to thee is taught in the Sankhya system.
Mbh.6.29.1366 Fools say, but not those that are wise, that Sankhya and Yoga are distinct.
Mbh.6.29.1368 Whatever seat is attained by those who profess the Sankhya system, that too is reached by those who profess the Yoga.
Mbh.6.29.1369 He seeth truly who seeth Sankhya and Yoga as one
Mbh.6.37.1757 Some by meditation behold the self in the self by the self; others by devotion according to the Sankhya system; and others again, by devotion through works.
Mbh.6.42.1911 Listen from me, O thou of mighty arms, to those five causes for the completion of all actions, declared in the Sankhya treating of the annihilation of actions
Mbh.12.50.2712 Everything again that is indicated in the four branches of knowledge, in the four Hotras, O Bharata, as also those eternal duties that are laid down in Yoga and Sankhya philosophy, the duties too of the four orders and these duties that are not inconsistent with their declared practices, all these, along with their interpretations, O son of Ganga, are known to thee.
Mbh.12.195.11718 Is such a man to be regarded as following the ordinances of Sankhya or yoga or work
Mbh.12.195.11724 Sages conversant with the means of attaining to Emancipation have spoken of two methods, viz, the Sankhya and the yoga.
Mbh.12.195.11727 Indeed, the two paths spoken of by sages bent on achieving what is for their good, viz, Sankhya and yoga, are such that they are both concerned and again unconcerned with silent recitations
Mbh.12.209.12698 Diverse other Rishis, whose names are connected therewith, promulgated diverse other sciences such as Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Sankhya, Patanjala, etc.
Mbh.12.217.13122 It seemed that he went about, amazing the world, having assumed the form of none else than that great Rishi, that lord of creatures, whom the followers of the Sankhya doctrine knew by the name of Kapila.
Mbh.12.217.13129 Known as already said by the name of Panchasikha, he had approached one day a large concourse of Rishis following the Sankhya doctrines and enquired of them about the highest object of human acquisition, viz, the Unmanifest or that upon which the five Purushas or sheaths already named rest
Mbh.12.217.13143 Then Kapileya began to discourse unto Janaka, who had according to the ordinance bent his head unto him as a disciple should and who was fully competent to apprehend the sage's instructions, upon that high religion of Emancipation which is explained in Sankhya treatises.
Mbh.12.235.14594 But first of all listen to me about all that is Manifest as expounded in the Sankhya system of philosophy.
Mbh.12.235.14595 In both the Yoga and the Sankhya, systems, five and twenty topics of knowledge have been treated in nearly the same way.
Mbh.12.235.14608 That person who cherishes no desire for earthly objects, who is not unwilling to take what comes, who is dependent on earthly objects to only that extent which is necessary for sustaining life, who is free from cupidity, who has driven off all grief, who has restrained his senses, who goes through all necessary acts, who is regardless of personal appearance and attire, whose senses are all collected for devotion to the true objects of life, whose purposes are never left, unaccomplished who bears himself with equal friendliness towards all creatures, who regards a clod of earth and a lump of gold with an equal eye, who is equally disposed towards friend and foe, who is possessed of patience, who takes praise and blame equally who is free from longing with respect to all objects of desire, who practises Brahmacharya, and who is firm and steady in all his vows and observances, who has no malice or envy for any creature in the universe, is a Yogin who according to the Sankhya system succeeds in winning Emancipation.
Mbh.12.235.14611 I have thus discoursed to thee on those topics viz, Emancipation according to the Sankhya system and that according to the Yoga system which are dissimilar if the speaker be disposed to treat them as such but which in reality, are one and the same
Mbh.12.238.14716 Is it by penance, by Brahmacharya, by renunciation of everything, by intelligence, by the aid of the Sankhya philosophy, or by Yoga?
Mbh.12.239.14782 SECTION CCXL Vyasa said, O excellent son, asked by thee, I have told thee truly what the answer to thy question should be according to the doctrine of knowledge as expounded in the Sankhya system.
Mbh.12.274.16866 For the exhaustion of both merits and demerits, Knowledge has been ordained as the cause in the Sankhya school.
Mbh.12.284.17652 Salutations to thee that art a Sankhya, that art the foremost of Sankhyas, and that art the introducer of the Sankhya-Yoga
Mbh.12.284.17829 With the aid of arguments addressed to reason the deities and the Danavas have extracted from the Vedas consisting of six branches and from the system of Sankhya and Yoga a creed in consequence of which they have practised the austerest penances for many long years.
Mbh.12.300.18778 SECTION CCCI Yudhishthira said, It behoveth thee to explain to me, O sire, what the difference is between the Sankhya and the Yoga system of philosophy.
Mbh.12.300.18780 Bhishma said, The followers of Sankhya praise the Sankhya system and those regenerate persons that are Yogins praise the Yoga system.
Mbh.12.300.18783 Those regenerate persons, again, that are believers in the Sankhya doctrines advance good reasons for showing that one, by acquiring true knowledge of all ends, becomes dissociated from all worldly objects, and, after departing from this body, it is plain, becomes emancipated and that it cannot be otherwise.
Mbh.12.300.18784 Men of great wisdom have thus expounded the Sankhya philosophy of Emancipation.
Mbh.12.300.18789 The evidences of Yoga are addressed to the direct ken of the senses; those of Sankhya are based on the scriptures.
Mbh.12.301.18856 I ask now about the principles of the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.301.18859 Bhishma said, Listen now to what the subtile principles are of the followers of the Sankhya doctrine have been established by all the great and puissant Yatis having Kapila their first.
Mbh.12.301.18864 O foremost of eloquent men, about what is called felicity here, having a clear knowledge of what the sorrows are that overtake when the hour comes all those that are concerned with transitory objects and knowing full well the sorrows of those that have fallen into the intermediate orders of being and of those that have sunk into hell, perceiving all the merits and all the faults of heaven, O Bharta, and all the demerits that attach to the declarations of the Vedas and all the excellencies that are connected with them recognising the faults and merits of the Yoga and the Sankhya systems of philosophy, realizing also that the quality of Sattwa has ten properties, that of Rajas has nine, and that of Tamas has eight, that the Understanding has seven properties, the Mind has six, and Space has five, and once more conceiving that the Understanding has four properties and Tamas has three, and the Rajas has two and Sattwa has, one, and truly apprehending the path that is followed by all objects when destruction overtakes them and what the course is of self knowledge, the Sankhyas, possessed of knowledge and experience and exalted by their perceptions of causes, and acquiring thorough auspiciousness, attain to the felicity of Emancipation like the rays of the Sun, or the Wind taking refuge in Space
Mbh.12.301.18878 Knowing that this body, that is endued with six and ten possessions, is the result of the quality of Sattwa, understanding fully the nature of the physical organism and the character of the Chetana that dwells within it, recognising the one existent Being that live in the body viz, the Soul, which stands aloof from every concern of the body and in which no sin can attach, realising the nature of that second object, viz; the acts of persons attached to the objects of the senses, understanding also the character of the senses and the sensual objects which have their refuge in the Soul, appreciating the difficulty of Emancipation and the scriptures that bear upon it knowing fully the nature of the vital breaths called Prana, Apana, Samana, Vyana, and Udana, as also the two other breaths, viz, the one going downward and the other moving upward indeed, knowing those seven breaths ordained to accomplish seven different functions, ascertaining the nature of the Prajapatis and the Rishis and the high paths, many in number, of virtue or righteousness, and the seven Rishis and the innumerable royal Rishis, O scorcher of foes, and the great celestial Rishis and the other regenerate Rishis endued with the effulgence of the Sun, beholding all these falling away from their puissance in course of many long ages, O monarch, hearing of the destruction of even of all the mighty beings in the universe, understanding also the inauspicious end that is attained, O king, by creatures of sinful acts, and the miseries endured by those that fall into the river Vaitarani in the realms of Yama, and the inauspicious wanderings of creatures through diverse wombs, and the character of their residence in the unholy uterus in the midst of blood and water and phlegm and urine and faeces, all of foul smell, and then in bodies that result from the union of blood and the vital seed, of marrow and sinews, abounding with hundreds of nerves and arteries and forming an impure mansion of nine doors, comprehending also what is for his own good what those divers combinations are which are productive of good beholding the abominable conduct of creatures whose natures are characterised by Darkness or Passion or Goodness, O chief of Bharata's race, conduct that is reprehended, in view of its incapacity to acquire Emancipation, by the followers of the Sankhya doctrine who are fully conversant with the Soul, beholding the swallowing up of the Moon and the Sun by Rahu, the falling of stars from their fixed positions and the diversions of constellations from their orbits, knowing the sad separation of all united objects and the diabolical behaviour of creatures in devouring one another, seeing the absence of all intelligence in the infancy of human beings and the deterioration and destruction of the body, marking the little attachment creatures have to the quality of Sattwa in consequence of their being overwhelmed by wrath and stupefaction, beholding also only one among thousands of human beings resolved to struggle after the acquisition of Emancipation, understanding the difficulty of attaining to Emancipation according to what is stated in the scriptures, seeing the marked solicitude that creatures manifest for all unattained objects and their comparative indifference to all objects that have been attained marking the wickedness that results from all objects of the senses O king and the repulsive bodies, O son of Kunti, of persons reft of life, and the residence, always fraught with grief, of human beings, O Bharata, in houses in the midst of spouses and children, knowing the end of those terrible and fallen men who become guilty of slaying Brahmanas, and of those wicked Brahmanas that are addicted to the drinking of alcoholic stimulants, and the equally sad end of those that become criminally attached to the spouses of their preceptors, and of those men, O Yudhishthira, that do not properly reverence their mothers, as also of those that have no reverence and worship to offer to the deities, understanding also, with the help of that knowledge which their philosophy imparts, the end that of all perpetrators of wicked acts, and the diverse ends that overtake those who have taken birth among the intermediate orders, ascertaining the diverse declarations of the Vedas, the courses of seasons, the fading of years, of months, of fortnights, and of days, beholding directly the waxing and the waning of the Moon, seeing the rising and the ebbing of the seas, and the diminution of wealth and its increase once more, and the separation of united objects, the lapse of Yugas, the destruction of mountains, the drying up of rivers, the deterioration of the purity of the several orders and the end also of that deterioration occurring repeatedly, beholding the birth, decrepitude, death, and sorrows of creatures, knowing truly the faults attaching to the body and the sorrows to which human beings are subject, and the vicissitudes to which the bodies of creatures are subject, and understanding all the faults that attach to their own souls, and also all the inauspicious faults that attach to their own bodies the followers of the Sankhya philosophy succeed in attaining to Emancipation.
Mbh.12.301.18924 Surya then bears, with his rays, those righteous men that are practicers of the Sankhya doctrines.
Mbh.12.301.18981 The Srutis declare, O son of Kunti, that the Sankhya form of philosophy is the form of that Formless one.
Mbh.12.301.18984 Of these that are mobile are superior, That high knowledge, O king, which exists in persons conversant with Brahma, and that which occurs in the Vedas, and that which is found in other scriptures, and that in Yoga, and that which may be seen in the diverse Puranas, are all, O monarch, to be found in Sankhya philosophy
Mbh.12.301.18986 Tranquillity of soul, high puissance, all subtile knowledge of which the scriptures speak, penances of subtile force, and all kinds of felicity, O king, have all been duly ordained in the Sankhya system.
Mbh.12.301.18989 Casting off this body, those regenerate ones that follow the Sankhya system enter into the superior state of Brahma like the celestials entering into the firmament by devoting themselves wholly to that adorable system which is theirs and which is worshipped by all wise men.
Mbh.12.301.18990 Those regenerate persons that are devoted to the acquisition of that knowledge which is recommended in the Sankhya system, even if they fail to attain to eminence, are never seen to fall among intermediate creatures, or to sink into the status of sinful men.
Mbh.12.301.18991 That high-souled person who is fully conversant with the vast, high, ancient, ocean-like, and immeasurable Sankhya system that is pure and liberal and agreeable, becomes, O king, equal to Narayana.
Mbh.12.301.18992 I have now told thee, O god among men, the truth about the Sankhya system.
Mbh.12.302.19023 In the Sankhya scriptures, He is indicated by diverse name, and regarded as having Infinity for his Soul.
Mbh.12.305.19184 Listen now to me, O monarch, as to how the subject of Emancipation has been explained by preceptors to disciple from days of old among highsouled persons conversant with the Sankhya and the Yoga systems of philosophy.
Mbh.12.305.19186 He who sees the Sankhya and the Yoga systems to be one and the same is said to be endued with intelligence.
Mbh.12.305.19202 Only the highest Rishis conversant with the Sankhya and the Yoga systems know that Supreme Soul which Sankhya and Yogins and believers in all other systems say is beyond the Understanding, which is regarded as Knower and endued with the highest wisdom in consequence of its casting off all consciousness of identification with Prakriti, which transcends the attribute of Ignorance or Error, which is Unmanifest, which is beyond all attributes, which is called the Supreme, which is dissociated from all attributes, which ordains all things, which is Eternal and Immutable, which overrules Prakriti and all the attributes born of Prakriti, and which, transcending the four and twenty topics of enquiry, forms the twenty-fifth.
Mbh.12.306.19223 Akshara, Kshara, and on the Sankhya and the Yoga systems, in detail and separately and agreeable to the truth.
Mbh.12.306.19251 I shall now discourse to thee of that Sankhya philosophy by which the Supreme Soul is seen through the gradual destruction of errors
Mbh.12.306.19259 Men of wisdom devoted to the Sankhya path and conversant with all its ordinances and dispensations regard these four and twenty topics as embracing the whole range of Sankhya enquiry.
Mbh.12.306.19284 This much O king, is an account of the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.306.19289 I have now told thee every thing about the Sankhya System truly.
Mbh.12.307.19301 SECTION CCCVIII Vasishtha said, I have thus far discoursed to thee on the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.307.19304 Listen to me first as I tell thee what is Vidya among successive sets of other things, as expounded in the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.307.19355 I shall now be fixed in Sankhya or Yoga.
Mbh.12.307.19375 I have already discoursed to thee what the Sankhya and the Yoga systems are according to their respective indications as expounded in their respective scriptures.
Mbh.12.307.19376 Verily, the science that has been expounded in Sankhya treatises is identical with what has been laid down in the Yoga scriptures.
Mbh.12.307.19377 The knowledge, O monarch, which the Sankhya preach, is capable of awakening every one.
Mbh.12.307.19378 In the Sankhya scriptures, that Knowledge has been inculcated very clearly for the benefit of disciples.
Mbh.12.307.19379 The learned say that this Sankhya system is very extensive.
Mbh.12.307.19381 In the Sankhya system no topic or principle transcending the twenty-fifth is admitted.
Mbh.12.308.19411 This is the cause of Jiva, multifariousness in respect of forms as explained in the Srutis and the Sankhya scriptures.
Mbh.12.314.19666 Tell me also of the Knowledge described in the Sankhya system, and of the Yoga system separately.
Mbh.12.316.19709 Those men that are not blest with intelligence regard the Sankhya and the Yoga systems to be different from each other.
Mbh.12.316.19712 He who sees both the Sankhya and the Yoga systems to be one and the same is to be regarded as truly conversant with the topics or principles that ordain the universe.
Mbh.12.318.19913 For these reasons, Yogins, and followers of the Sankhya system of philosophy, terrified by the birth and death, blessed with sight of the Twenty-sixth, pure in body and mind, and devoted to the Supreme Soul, and do not welcome the Jiva-soul as indestructible
Mbh.12.320.20057 My doubts have been dispelled and am fully conversant with the Sankhya and the Yoga systems, and the ordinances as in respect of sacrifices and other rites, which constitutes the three well-known paths of Emancipation
Mbh.12.320.20157 By ascertainment of faults and merits, called Sankhya, is meant the establishment, by elimination, of faults or merits in premises and conclusions, adopting tentative meanings
Mbh.12.320.20210 This is the view of the atheistic Sankhya school.
Mbh.12.338.21696 who is all the Ritwijas, who is the origin of all sacrifices viz, the Vedas, who is fire, who is the very heart of all sacrifices viz, the mantras and hymns uttered in them, who is he that is hymned in sacrifices, who takes those shares of the sacrificial offerings that are presented to him, who is the embodiment of the five sacrifices, who is the maker of the five sections or divisions of time viz, day, night, month, season and year, who is incapable of being understood except by those scriptures that are called Pancharatra, who never shrinks from anything, who is unvanquished, who is only Mind without a physical frame, who is known only by name, who is the Lord of Brahman himself, who has completed all the vows and observances mentioned in the Vedas who is the Hansa bearer of the triple stick, who is the Parama-hansa divested of stick, who is the foremost of all sacrifices, who is Sankhya-yoga, who is the embodiment of the Sankhya philosophy, who dwells in all Jivas, who lives in every heart, who resides in every sense, who floats on the ocean-water, who lives in the Vedas, who lies on the lotus the image of the egg whence the universe has sprung, who is the Lord of the universe, and whose troops go everywhere for protecting his worshippers.
Mbh.12.339.21907 Learned preceptors, with settled convictions deducted from the truths of the Sankhya philosophy, have spoken of me as Kapila endued with the puissance of Knowledge, dwelling within the effulgence of Surya, and concentrated in Yoga
Mbh.12.340.22128 They are possessed also of deep knowledge of the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.341.22223 The holy one said, In the Rigveda, in the Yajurveda, in the Atharvans and the Samans, in the Puranas and the Upanishads, as also in the treatises on Astrology, O Arjuna, in the Sankhya scriptures, in the Yoga scriptures, and in the treatises also on the Science of Life, many are the names that have been mentioned by the great Rishis.
Mbh.12.342.22653 The preceptors of Sankhya philosophy, possessed of definite conclusions regarding all topics, call me the eternal Kapila staying in the midst of the solar disc with but Knowledge for my companion
Mbh.12.344.22856 Passing out of Pradyumna, those foremost of regenerate persons, including both those that are conversant with Sankhya philosophy and those that are devoted to the Supreme deity, then enter Sankarsana who is otherwise called Jiva.
Mbh.12.347.23147 He is the embodiment of the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.12.347.23164 Both the Sankhya philosophy and Yoga have Narayana for their soul.
Mbh.12.348.23315 Vaisampayana said, That which is the twenty-fifth in the enumeration of topics as made in the Sankhya system viz, when it becomes able to abstain entirely from acts, succeeds in attaining to the Purushottama which is exceedingly subtile, which is invested with the attribute of Sattwa in its subtile form, and which is fraught with the essences symbolised by three letters of the alphabet viz, A, U, and M.
Mbh.12.348.23316 The Sankhya system, the Aranyaka-Veda, and the Pancharatra scriptures, are all one and the same and form parts of one whole.
Mbh.12.349.23328 SECTION CCCL Janamejaya said, The Sankhya system, the Pancharatra scriptures, and the Aranyaka-Vedas, these different systems of knowledge or religion, O regenerate Rishi, are current in the world.
Mbh.12.349.23427 There are diverse kinds of cults, O royal sage, that go by diverse names such as Sankhya, Yoga, the Pancha-ratra, Vedas, and Pasupati.
Mbh.12.349.23428 The promulgator of Sankhya cult is said to be the great Rishi Kapila.
Mbh.12.349.23441 The Sankhya and the Yoga systems are eternal.
Mbh.12.350.23448 Vaisampayana said, In the speculations of the Sankhya and the Yoga systems many Purushas have been spoken of, O jewel of Kuru's race.
Mbh.12.351.23513 Agreeably to the Sankhya mode, as also with the aid of Yoga and the due observance of the ordinances prescribed by it, I am engaged in thinking of the cause of that Purusha, but alas, I am unable to comprehend that cause, excellent as it is.
Mbh.13.10.627 In the Sankhya philosophy too he began to take great delight.
Mbh.13.14.1189 I solicit boons from Him who cannot be comprehended by argument, who represents the object of the Sankhya and the Yoga systems of philosophy, and who transcends all things, and whom all persons conversant with the topics of enquiry worship and adore
Mbh.13.14.1380 Salutations to thee that hast the Sun, the Moon, and Agni for thy three eyes, to thee that art possessed of a thousand eyes, to thee that art both male and female, to thee that art divested of sex, to thee that art a Sankhya, to thee that art a Yogin.
Mbh.13.14.1391 Thou art the Soul of the creatures, thou art He who is called Purusha in the Sankhya philosophy, thou art the Rishabha among all things sacred, thou art that which is called auspicious by Yogins and which, according to them, is without parts being indivisible.
Mbh.13.16.1653 The followers of the Sankhya system, well conversant with their own philosophy and possessing a knowledge of the attributes of Sattwa, Rajas and Tamas and of those called the topics of enquiry, those learned men who transcend the destructible by attaining to a knowledge of the subtile or indestructible, succeed, by knowing thee, in freeing themselves from all bonds.
Mbh.13.17.2755 He who recites this hymn with undivided devotion to Sankara succeeds in attaining to that high end which is theirs that are devoted to the doctrines of the Sankhya philosophy.
Mbh.13.18.2782 After this, Kapila, the Rishi who promulgated the doctrines that go by the name of Sankhya, and who is honoured by the gods themselves, said, I adore Bhava with great devotion for many lives together.
Mbh.13.18.2881 Vishnu said, O Great King, Aditya, Chandra, Wind, Fire, Heaven, Earth, the Vasus, the Viswedevas, Dhatri, Aryyaman, Sukra, Vrihaspati, the Rudras, the Saddhyas, Varuna, Brahma, Sakra, Maruts, the Upanishads that deal with knowledge of Brahman, Truth, the Vedas, the Sacrifices, Sacrificial Presents, Brahmanas reciting the Vedas, Soma, Sacrificer, the shares of the deities in sacrificial offerings or clarified butter poured in sacrifices, Raksha, Diksha, all kinds of restraints in the form of vows and fasts and rigid observances, Swaha, Vashat, the Brahmanas, the celestial cow, the foremost acts of righteousness, the wheel of Time, Strength, Fame, Self-restraint, the Steadiness of all persons endued with intelligence, all acts of goodness and the reverse, the seven Rishis, Understanding of the foremost order, all kinds of excellent touch, the success of all religious acts, the diverse tribes of the deities, those beings that drink heat, those that are drinkers of Soma, Clouds, Suyamas, Rishitas, all creatures having Mantras for their bodies, Abhasuras, those beings that live upon scents only, those that live upon vision only, those that restrain their speech, those that restrain their minds, those that are pure, those that are capable of assuming diverse forms through Yoga-puissance, those deities that live on touch as their food, those deities that subsist on vision and those that subsist upon the butter poured in sacrifices, those beings that are competent to create by fiats of their will the objects they require, they that are regarded as the foremost ones among the deities, and all the other deities, O descendant of Ajamila, the Suparnas, the Gandharvas, the Pisachas, the Danavas, Yakshas, the Charanas, the snakes, all that is gross and all that is exceedingly subtile, all that is soft and all that is not subtile, all sorrows and all joys, all sorrows that come after joy and all joy that comes after sorrow, the Sankhya philosophy, Yoga, and that which transcends objects which are regarded as foremost and very superior, all adorable things, all the deities, and all the protectors of the universe who entering into the physical forces sustain and uphold this ancient creation of that illustrious Deity, have sprung from that Creator of all creatures.
Mbh.13.22.3223 Kasyapa said, The Vedas with their six branches, the Sankhya philosophy, the Puranas, and high birth, these fail to rescue a regenerate person if he falls away from good conduct
Mbh.13.75.6878 There are many persons, who may be called the heroes of the Sankhya faith as, indeed, there are many others that are called heroes of Yoga.
Mbh.13.141.11731 He is always devoted to Yoga and the Sankhya Philosophy.
Mbh.13.149.12564 Yoga, the Sankhya Philosophy, knowledge, all mechanical arts, the Vedas, the diverse scriptures, and all learning, have sprung from Janardana.
Mbh.13.150.12628 Samvarta, Merusavarna, the righteous Markandeya, and Sankhya and Yoga, and Narada and the great Rishi Durvasa, these are endued with severe penance and great self-restraint, and are celebrated over the three worlds.
Mbh.13.150.12648 Sankhya, and Yoga which is highest of the high, and Havya and Kavya and that refuge of all the Srutis, viz, Supreme Brahma, have been declared to be the sources of great benefit to all creatures.
Mbh.18.5.277 He is omniscient, conversant with all ordinances, possessed of a knowledge of all duties, endued with piety, capable of perceiving what is beyond the ken of the senses, pure, having a soul cleansed by penances, possessed of the six high attributes, and devoted to Sankhya Yoga.


This year's writeups are somewhat less coherent than last year (you're getting my raw notes) but I hope they'll still be useful.
I did not successfully document who ran most of these talks (apologies!) so please chime in if you ran one of these or know who did. Also, if you were present and have corrections/clarifications, let me know!


text:
Q: Is a kernel just a symmetric, positive semi-definite, and continuous matrix? From page 9 of these course notes,

A function $k : \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$ is  a kernel if

*

*$k$ is symmetric: $k(x,y) = k(y,x)$

*$k$ gives rise to a positive semi-definite "Gram matrix," i.e., for any $m \in \mathbb{N}$ and any $x_1,\dots,x_m$ chosen from $\mathcal{X}$, the Gram matrix $\mathbf{K}$ defined by $K_{ij} = k(x_i,x_j)$ is positive semi-definite.

From this definition, it seems that a kernel can be thought of as a "continuous" matrix $\mathbf{A}$ that consists of infinitely many rows and columns, where $k(x,y)$ is one element of $\mathbf{A}$. Additionally, $\mathbf{A}$ is symmetric and positive semi-definite. Furthermore, in page 14 of the same course notes, the author writes

Mercer's Theorem
The inspiration of the name "kernel" comes from the study of integral operators, studied by Hilbert and others. Function $k$ which gives rise to an operator $T_k$ via:
$$
(T_k f)(x) = \int_\mathcal{X} k(x,x') f(x') \ \text{d}x'
$$
is called the kernel of $T_k$.

The expression for $(T_k f)(x)$ looks like an infinite matrix-vector product, where the infinitely many columns of $\mathbf{A}$ are linearly combined using the elements of the vector $f$.
Is this way of thinking about a kernel correct?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How many of you were literally forced out of your house as children, to play for two or three hours at a time? My guess would be most of you. My mother used to actually add the charming phrase, "I don't care if you throw rocks at each other!" to make her point: my brothers and I were going outside, and there would be no discussion about it.
Today, how many of you grown-ups force your kiddies outside for two to three hours at a time with no specific play date or plans? My guess would be very, very few. Why is this? Play is something that we were meant to do; it's totally natural. Just watch a bunch of children left on their own, or puppies for that matter. We were simply meant to play outside.
Last winter we had over 40 inches of snowfall in the Philadelphia area, yet in my cute little cul-de-sac, with school-aged children in most every house, I did not see one snowman. While I was shoveling my driveway outside, all the children in our neighborhood were inside watching TV, playing video games or on the Internet – including my own kids.
In the book "The Power of Play: How Spontaneous, Imaginative Activities Lead to Happier, Healthier Children", author David Elkin outlines how childhood traditions are going the way of the dinosaur: hop scotch, jump rope, hide and seek, and other classic games we played as kids are being forgotten. At Liberty Lake Day Camp, some of the most popular activities are "old school" playground games like Wall Ball, GaGa (a form of dodgeball) and Four Square, because kids have never played them before!
Thirty percent of schools in the nation have fewer than 20 minutes of recess each day. In my children's school, physical education is on a two-week rotation with computers, Spanish, art and health. And forget about after-school; with hours of homework, sports practices, karate, dance and music lessons, when is there even time to play?
We have created a society that limits play for our children. Reasons for this include: the loss of social skills in modern children; the loss of true neighborhoods in which neighbors actually know each other's names; lack of time; over-scheduling of kids; and too much homework or pressures to achieve academically.
Too many parents have fears that their kids will get snatched outside, but according to Lenore Skenzay, author of "Free-Range Kids", statistics show the world is actually a whole lot safer than it was back when we were kids. Another threat to free play is organized sports; just because children play sports, doesn't mean they know how to play, or eventually work, with one another effectively.
A Kaiser Family Foundation study on "screen time" showed that children aged 8-18 years old spend an average of eight and a half hours exposed to media each day – that's TV, movies, video games, computers and print. This translates to an average of more than 56 hours per week! And as we hear every day, a third of American children are considered obese. Perhaps if they played outside like we did, instead of video games and computers, this would be different.
In many ways, Summer Camp at Liberty Lake has become the antidote to modern society. Campers come to places like Liberty Lake so that parents know they are safe and so kids can flourish, learning real-life skills like creativity, collaboration, responsibility, leadership, critical thinking, communication, adaptability, flexibility and what it means to be a good friend. Places like Liberty Lake create an extraordinary world that inspires children to believe that anything is possible, and that their potential is limitless.
Summer camp at Liberty Lake is a step back in time: no cell phones or video games and where "social networking" involves actually speaking to people face to face. Camp is the real deal, and without parents around, children learn the kind of social independence that many kids won't experience until they go away to college. Most of all, children learn to play, just like the old days. They get to enjoy their childhood doing things that children have done for thousands of years -- playing with one another…outside! We need to give our children as much sunshine as we can while they are young, because as we know, they are going to need it later!
Published (and copyrighted) in Suburban Family's High School Spring Sports Preview, January, 2012.


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text:
/* $Id: pxudp.c $ */
/** @file
 * NAT Network - UDP proxy.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Oracle Corporation
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 */

#define LOG_GROUP LOG_GROUP_NAT_SERVICE

#include "winutils.h"
#include "proxy.h"
#include "proxy_pollmgr.h"
#include "pxremap.h"

#ifndef RT_OS_WINDOWS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#ifdef RT_OS_DARWIN
# define __APPLE_USE_RFC_3542
#endif
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>

#include <err.h>                /* BSD'ism */
#else
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iprt/stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "winpoll.h"
#endif

#include "lwip/opt.h"

#include "lwip/sys.h"
#include "lwip/tcpip.h"
#include "lwip/udp.h"
#include "lwip/icmp.h"

struct pxudp {
    /**
     * Our poll manager handler.
     */
    struct pollmgr_handler pmhdl;

    /**
     * lwIP ("internal") side of the proxied connection.
     */
    struct udp_pcb *pcb;

    /**
     * Host ("external") side of the proxied connection.
     */
    SOCKET sock;

    /**
     * Is this pcb a mapped host loopback?
     */
    int is_mapped;

    /**
     * Cached value of TTL socket option.
     */
    int ttl;

    /**
     * Cached value of TOS socket option.
     */
    int tos;

    /**
     * Cached value of "don't fragment" socket option.
     */
    int df;

    /**
     * For some protocols (notably: DNS) we know we are getting just
     * one reply, so we don't want the pcb and the socket to sit there
     * waiting to be g/c'ed by timeout.  This field counts request and
     * replies for them.
     */
    int count;

    /**
     * Mailbox for inbound pbufs.
     *
     * XXX: since we have single producer and single consumer we can
     * use lockless ringbuf like for pxtcp.
     */
    sys_mbox_t inmbox;

    /**
     * lwIP thread's strong reference to us.
     */
    struct pollmgr_refptr *rp;

    /*
     * We use static messages to void malloc/free overhead.
     */
    struct tcpip_msg msg_delete;   /* delete pxudp */
    struct tcpip_msg msg_inbound;  /* trigger send of inbound data */
};

static struct pxudp *pxudp_allocate(void);
static void pxudp_drain_inmbox(struct pxudp *);
static void pxudp_free(struct pxudp *);

static struct udp_pcb *pxudp_pcb_dissociate(struct pxudp *);

/* poll manager callbacks for pxudp related channels */
static int pxudp_pmgr_chan_add(struct pollmgr_handler *, SOCKET, int);
static int pxudp_pmgr_chan_del(struct pollmgr_handler *, SOCKET, int);

/* helper functions for sending/receiving pxudp over poll manager channels */
static ssize_t pxudp_chan_send(enum pollmgr_slot_t, struct pxudp *);
static ssize_t pxudp_chan_send_weak(enum pollmgr_slot_t, struct pxudp *);
static struct pxudp *pxudp_chan_recv(struct pollmgr_handler *, SOCKET, int);
static struct pxudp *pxudp_chan_recv_strong(struct pollmgr_handler *, SOCKET, int);

/* poll manager callbacks for individual sockets */
static int pxudp_pmgr_pump(struct pollmgr_handler *, SOCKET, int);

/* convenience function for poll manager callback */
static int pxudp_schedule_delete(struct pxudp *);

/* lwip thread callbacks called via proxy_lwip_post() */
static void pxudp_pcb_delete_pxudp(void *);

/* outbound ttl check */
static int pxudp_ttl_expired(struct pbuf *);

/* udp pcb callbacks &c */
static void pxudp_pcb_accept(void *, struct udp_pcb *, struct pbuf *, ip_addr_t *, u16_t);
static void pxudp_pcb_recv(void *, struct udp_pcb *, struct pbuf *, ip_addr_t *, u16_t);
static void pxudp_pcb_forward_outbound(struct pxudp *, struct pbuf *, ip_addr_t *, u16_t);
static void pxudp_pcb_expired(struct pxudp *);
static void pxudp_pcb_write_inbound(void *);
static void pxudp_pcb_forward_inbound(struct pxudp *);

/* poll manager handlers for pxudp channels */
static struct pollmgr_handler pxudp_pmgr_chan_add_hdl;
static struct pollmgr_handler pxudp_pmgr_chan_del_hdl;

void
pxudp_init(void)
{
    /*
     * Create channels.
     */
    pxudp_pmgr_chan_add_hdl.callback = pxudp_pmgr_chan_add;
    pxudp_pmgr_chan_add_hdl.data = NULL;
    pxudp_pmgr_chan_add_hdl.slot = -1;
    pollmgr_add_chan(POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_ADD, &pxudp_pmgr_chan_add_hdl);

    pxudp_pmgr_chan_del_hdl.callback = pxudp_pmgr_chan_del;
    pxudp_pmgr_chan_del_hdl.data = NULL;
    pxudp_pmgr_chan_del_hdl.slot = -1;
    pollmgr_add_chan(POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_DEL, &pxudp_pmgr_chan_del_hdl);

    udp_proxy_accept(pxudp_pcb_accept);
}

/**
 * Syntactic sugar for sending pxudp pointer over poll manager
 * channel.  Used by lwip thread functions.
 */
static ssize_t
pxudp_chan_send(enum pollmgr_slot_t chan, struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    return pollmgr_chan_send(chan, &pxudp, sizeof(pxudp));
}

/**
 * Syntactic sugar for sending weak reference to pxudp over poll
 * manager channel.  Used by lwip thread functions.
 */
static ssize_t
pxudp_chan_send_weak(enum pollmgr_slot_t chan, struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    pollmgr_refptr_weak_ref(pxudp->rp);
    return pollmgr_chan_send(chan, &pxudp->rp, sizeof(pxudp->rp));
}

/**
 * Counterpart of pxudp_chan_send().
 */
static struct pxudp *
pxudp_chan_recv(struct pollmgr_handler *handler, SOCKET fd, int revents)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;

    pxudp = (struct pxudp *)pollmgr_chan_recv_ptr(handler, fd, revents);
    return pxudp;
}

/**
 * Counterpart of pxudp_chan_send_weak().
 */
struct pxudp *
pxudp_chan_recv_strong(struct pollmgr_handler *handler, SOCKET fd, int revents)
{
    struct pollmgr_refptr *rp;
    struct pollmgr_handler *base;
    struct pxudp *pxudp;

    rp = (struct pollmgr_refptr *)pollmgr_chan_recv_ptr(handler, fd, revents);
    base = (struct pollmgr_handler *)pollmgr_refptr_get(rp);
    pxudp = (struct pxudp *)base;

    return pxudp;
}

/**
 * POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_ADD handler.
 *
 * Get new pxudp from lwip thread and start polling its socket.
 */
static int
pxudp_pmgr_chan_add(struct pollmgr_handler *handler, SOCKET fd, int revents)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;
    int status;

    pxudp = pxudp_chan_recv(handler, fd, revents);
    DPRINTF(("pxudp_add: new pxudp %p; pcb %p\n",
             (void *)pxudp, (void *)pxudp->pcb));

    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp != NULL);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp->pmhdl.callback != NULL);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp->pmhdl.data = (void *)pxudp);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp->pmhdl.slot < 0);

    status = pollmgr_add(&pxudp->pmhdl, pxudp->sock, POLLIN);
    if (status < 0) {
        pxudp_schedule_delete(pxudp);
    }

    return POLLIN;
}

/**
 * POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_DEL handler.
 */
static int
pxudp_pmgr_chan_del(struct pollmgr_handler *handler, SOCKET fd, int revents)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;

    pxudp = pxudp_chan_recv_strong(handler, fd, revents);
    if (pxudp == NULL) {
        return POLLIN;
    }

    DPRINTF(("pxudp_del: pxudp %p; socket %d\n", (void *)pxudp, pxudp->sock));

    pollmgr_del_slot(pxudp->pmhdl.slot);

    /*
     * Go back to lwip thread to delete after any pending callbacks
     * for unprocessed inbound traffic are drained.
     */
    pxudp_schedule_delete(pxudp);

    return POLLIN;
}

static struct pxudp *
pxudp_allocate(void)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;
    err_t error;

    pxudp = (struct pxudp *)malloc(sizeof(*pxudp));
    if (pxudp == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pxudp->pmhdl.callback = NULL;
    pxudp->pmhdl.data = (void *)pxudp;
    pxudp->pmhdl.slot = -1;

    pxudp->pcb = NULL;
    pxudp->sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
    pxudp->df = -1;
    pxudp->ttl = -1;
    pxudp->tos = -1;
    pxudp->count = 0;

    pxudp->rp = pollmgr_refptr_create(&pxudp->pmhdl);
    if (pxudp->rp == NULL) {
        free(pxudp);
        return NULL;
    }

    error = sys_mbox_new(&pxudp->inmbox, 16);
    if (error != ERR_OK) {
        pollmgr_refptr_unref(pxudp->rp);
        free(pxudp);
        return NULL;
    }

#define CALLBACK_MSG(MSG, FUNC)                         \
    do {                                                \
        pxudp->MSG.type = TCPIP_MSG_CALLBACK_STATIC;    \
        pxudp->MSG.sem = NULL;                          \
        pxudp->MSG.msg.cb.function = FUNC;              \
        pxudp->MSG.msg.cb.ctx = (void *)pxudp;          \
    } while (0)

    CALLBACK_MSG(msg_delete, pxudp_pcb_delete_pxudp);
    CALLBACK_MSG(msg_inbound, pxudp_pcb_write_inbound);

    return pxudp;
}

static void
pxudp_drain_inmbox(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    void *ptr;

    if (!sys_mbox_valid(&pxudp->inmbox)) {
        return;
    }

    while (sys_mbox_tryfetch(&pxudp->inmbox, &ptr) != SYS_MBOX_EMPTY) {
        struct pbuf *p = (struct pbuf *)ptr;
        pbuf_free(p);
    }

    sys_mbox_free(&pxudp->inmbox);
    sys_mbox_set_invalid(&pxudp->inmbox);
}

static void
pxudp_free(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    pxudp_drain_inmbox(pxudp);
    free(pxudp);
}

/**
 * Dissociate pxudp and its udp_pcb.
 *
 * Unlike its TCP cousin returns the pcb since UDP pcbs need to be
 * actively deleted, so save callers the trouble of saving a copy
 * before calling us.
 */
static struct udp_pcb *
pxudp_pcb_dissociate(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    struct udp_pcb *pcb;

    if (pxudp == NULL || pxudp->pcb == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pcb = pxudp->pcb;

    udp_recv(pxudp->pcb, NULL, NULL);
    pxudp->pcb = NULL;

    return pcb;
}

/**
 * Lwip thread callback invoked via pxudp::msg_delete
 *
 * Since we use static messages to communicate to the lwip thread, we
 * cannot delete pxudp without making sure there are no unprocessed
 * messages in the lwip thread mailbox.
 *
 * The easiest way to ensure that is to send this "delete" message as
 * the last one and when it's processed we know there are no more and
 * it's safe to delete pxudp.
 *
 * Channel callback should use pxudp_schedule_delete() convenience
 * function defined below.
 */
static void
pxudp_pcb_delete_pxudp(void *arg)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp = (struct pxudp *)arg;
    struct udp_pcb *pcb;

    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp != NULL);

    if (pxudp->sock != INVALID_SOCKET) {
        closesocket(pxudp->sock);
        pxudp->sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
    }

    pcb = pxudp_pcb_dissociate(pxudp);
    if (pcb != NULL) {
        udp_remove(pcb);
    }

    pollmgr_refptr_unref(pxudp->rp);
    pxudp_free(pxudp);
}

/**
 * Poll manager callback should use this convenience wrapper to
 * schedule pxudp deletion on the lwip thread and to deregister from
 * the poll manager.
 */
static int
pxudp_schedule_delete(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    /*
     * If pollmgr_refptr_get() is called by any channel before
     * scheduled deletion happens, let them know we are gone.
     */
    pxudp->pmhdl.slot = -1;

    /*
     * Schedule deletion.  Since poll manager thread may be pre-empted
     * right after we send the message, the deletion may actually
     * happen on the lwip thread before we return from this function,
     * so it's not safe to refer to pxudp after this call.
     */
    proxy_lwip_post(&pxudp->msg_delete);

    /* tell poll manager to deregister us */
    return -1;
}

/**
 * Outbound TTL/HOPL check.
 */
static int
pxudp_ttl_expired(struct pbuf *p)
{
    int ttl;

    if (ip_current_is_v6()) {
        ttl = IP6H_HOPLIM(ip6_current_header());
    }
    else {
        ttl = IPH_TTL(ip_current_header());
    }

    if (RT_UNLIKELY(ttl <= 1)) {
        int status = pbuf_header(p, ip_current_header_tot_len() + UDP_HLEN);
        if (RT_LIKELY(status == 0)) {
            if (ip_current_is_v6()) {
                icmp6_time_exceeded(p, ICMP6_TE_HL);
            }
            else {
                icmp_time_exceeded(p, ICMP_TE_TTL);
            }
        }
        pbuf_free(p);
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/**
 * New proxied UDP conversation created.
 * Global callback for udp_proxy_accept().
 */
static void
pxudp_pcb_accept(void *arg, struct udp_pcb *newpcb, struct pbuf *p,
                 ip_addr_t *addr, u16_t port)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;
    ipX_addr_t dst_addr;
    int mapping;
    int sdom;
    SOCKET sock;

    LWIP_ASSERT1(newpcb != NULL);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(p != NULL);
    LWIP_UNUSED_ARG(arg);

    mapping = pxremap_outbound_ipX(PCB_ISIPV6(newpcb), &dst_addr, &newpcb->local_ip);
    if (mapping != PXREMAP_MAPPED && pxudp_ttl_expired(p)) {
        udp_remove(newpcb);
        return;
    }

    pxudp = pxudp_allocate();
    if (pxudp == NULL) {
        DPRINTF(("pxudp_allocate: failed\n"));
        udp_remove(newpcb);
        pbuf_free(p);
        return;
    }

    sdom = PCB_ISIPV6(newpcb) ? PF_INET6 : PF_INET;
    pxudp->is_mapped = (mapping == PXREMAP_MAPPED);

#if 0 /* XXX: DNS IPv6->IPv4 remapping hack */
    if (pxudp->is_mapped
        && newpcb->local_port == 53
        && PCB_ISIPV6(newpcb))
    {
        /*
         * "Remap" DNS over IPv6 to IPv4 since Ubuntu dnsmasq does not
         * listen on IPv6.
         */
        sdom = PF_INET;
        ipX_addr_set_loopback(0, &dst_addr);
    }
#endif  /* DNS IPv6->IPv4 remapping hack */

    sock = proxy_connected_socket(sdom, SOCK_DGRAM,
                                  &dst_addr, newpcb->local_port);
    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
        udp_remove(newpcb);
        pbuf_free(p);
        return;
    }

    pxudp->sock = sock;
    pxudp->pcb = newpcb;
    udp_recv(newpcb, pxudp_pcb_recv, pxudp);

    pxudp->pmhdl.callback = pxudp_pmgr_pump;
    pxudp_chan_send(POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_ADD, pxudp);

    /* dispatch directly instead of calling pxudp_pcb_recv() */
    pxudp_pcb_forward_outbound(pxudp, p, addr, port);
}

/**
 * udp_recv() callback.
 */
static void
pxudp_pcb_recv(void *arg, struct udp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *p,
               ip_addr_t *addr, u16_t port)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp = (struct pxudp *)arg;

    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp != NULL);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(pcb == pxudp->pcb);
    LWIP_UNUSED_ARG(pcb);

    if (p != NULL) {
        pxudp_pcb_forward_outbound(pxudp, p, addr, port);
    }
    else {
        pxudp_pcb_expired(pxudp);
    }
}

static void
pxudp_pcb_forward_outbound(struct pxudp *pxudp, struct pbuf *p,
                           ip_addr_t *addr, u16_t port)
{
    int status;

    LWIP_UNUSED_ARG(addr);
    LWIP_UNUSED_ARG(port);

    if (!pxudp->is_mapped && pxudp_ttl_expired(p)) {
        return;
    }

    if (!ip_current_is_v6()) { /* IPv4 */
        const struct ip_hdr *iph = ip_current_header();
        int ttl, tos, df;

        /*
         * Different OSes have different socket options for DF.
         * Unlike pxping.c, we can't use IP_HDRINCL here as it's only
         * valid for SOCK_RAW.
         */
#     define USE_DF_OPTION(_Optname)                    \
        const int dfopt = _Optname;                     \
        const char * const dfoptname = #_Optname;
#if   defined(IP_MTU_DISCOVER)  /* Linux */
        USE_DF_OPTION(IP_MTU_DISCOVER);
#elif defined(IP_DONTFRAG)      /* Solaris 11+, FreeBSD */
        USE_DF_OPTION(IP_DONTFRAG);
#elif defined(IP_DONTFRAGMENT)  /* Windows */
        USE_DF_OPTION(IP_DONTFRAGMENT);
#else
        USE_DF_OPTION(0);
#endif

        ttl = IPH_TTL(iph);
        if (!pxudp->is_mapped) {
            LWIP_ASSERT1(ttl > 1);
            --ttl;
        }

        if (ttl != pxudp->ttl) {
            status = setsockopt(pxudp->sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL,
                                (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl));
            if (RT_LIKELY(status == 0)) {
                pxudp->ttl = ttl;
            }
            else {
                DPRINTF(("IP_TTL: %R[sockerr]\n", SOCKERRNO()));
            }
        }

        tos = IPH_TOS(iph);
        if (tos != pxudp->tos) {
            status = setsockopt(pxudp->sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
                                (char *)&tos, sizeof(tos));
            if (RT_LIKELY(status == 0)) {
                pxudp->tos = tos;
            }
            else {
                DPRINTF(("IP_TOS: %R[sockerr]\n", SOCKERRNO()));
            }
        }

        if (dfopt) {
            df = (IPH_OFFSET(iph) & PP_HTONS(IP_DF)) != 0;
#if defined(IP_MTU_DISCOVER)
            df = df ? IP_PMTUDISC_DO : IP_PMTUDISC_DONT;
#endif
            if (df != pxudp->df) {
                status = setsockopt(pxudp->sock, IPPROTO_IP, dfopt,
                                    (char *)&df, sizeof(df));
                if (RT_LIKELY(status == 0)) {
                    pxudp->df = df;
                }
                else {
                    DPRINTF(("%s: %R[sockerr]\n", dfoptname, SOCKERRNO()));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else { /* IPv6 */
        const struct ip6_hdr *iph = ip6_current_header();
        int ttl;

        ttl = IP6H_HOPLIM(iph);
        if (!pxudp->is_mapped) {
            LWIP_ASSERT1(ttl > 1);
            --ttl;
        }

        if (ttl != pxudp->ttl) {
            status = setsockopt(pxudp->sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
                                (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl));
            if (RT_LIKELY(status == 0)) {
                pxudp->ttl = ttl;
            }
            else {
                DPRINTF(("IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS: %R[sockerr]\n", SOCKERRNO()));
            }
        }
    }

    if (pxudp->pcb->local_port == 53) {
        ++pxudp->count;
    }

    proxy_sendto(pxudp->sock, p, NULL, 0);
    pbuf_free(p);
}

/**
 * Proxy udp_pcbs are expired by timer, which is signaled by passing
 * NULL pbuf to the udp_recv() callback.  At that point the pcb is
 * removed from the list of proxy udp pcbs so no new datagrams will be
 * delivered.
 */
static void
pxudp_pcb_expired(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    struct udp_pcb *pcb;

    DPRINTF2(("%s: pxudp %p, pcb %p, sock %d: expired\n",
              __func__, (void *)pxudp, (void *)pxudp->pcb, pxudp->sock));

    pcb = pxudp_pcb_dissociate(pxudp);
    if (pcb != NULL) {
        udp_remove(pcb);
    }

    pxudp_chan_send_weak(POLLMGR_CHAN_PXUDP_DEL, pxudp);
}

/**
 */
static int
pxudp_pmgr_pump(struct pollmgr_handler *handler, SOCKET fd, int revents)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp;
    struct pbuf *p;
    ssize_t nread;
    err_t error;

    pxudp = (struct pxudp *)handler->data;
    LWIP_ASSERT1(handler == &pxudp->pmhdl);
    LWIP_ASSERT1(fd == pxudp->sock);
    LWIP_UNUSED_ARG(fd);

    if (revents & ~(POLLIN|POLLERR)) {
        DPRINTF(("%s: unexpected revents 0x%x\n", __func__, revents));
        return pxudp_schedule_delete(pxudp);
    }

    /*
     * XXX: AFAICS, there's no way to match the error with the
     * outgoing datagram that triggered it, since we do non-blocking
     * sends from lwip thread.
     */
    if (revents & POLLERR) {
        int sockerr = -1;
        socklen_t optlen = (socklen_t)sizeof(sockerr);
        int status;

        status = getsockopt(pxudp->sock, SOL_SOCKET,
                            SO_ERROR, (char *)&sockerr, &optlen);
        if (status < 0) {
            DPRINTF(("%s: sock %d: SO_ERROR failed:%R[sockerr]\n",
                     __func__, pxudp->sock, SOCKERRNO()));
        }
        else {
            DPRINTF(("%s: sock %d: %R[sockerr]\n",
                     __func__, pxudp->sock, sockerr));
        }
    }

    if ((revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
        return POLLIN;
    }

    nread = recv(pxudp->sock, pollmgr_udpbuf, sizeof(pollmgr_udpbuf), 0);
    if (nread == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        DPRINTF(("%s: %R[sockerr]\n", __func__, SOCKERRNO()));
        return POLLIN;
    }

    p = pbuf_alloc(PBUF_RAW, (u16_t)nread, PBUF_RAM);
    if (p == NULL) {
        DPRINTF(("%s: pbuf_alloc(%d) failed\n", __func__, (int)nread));
        return POLLIN;
    }

    error = pbuf_take(p, pollmgr_udpbuf, (u16_t)nread);
    if (error != ERR_OK) {
        DPRINTF(("%s: pbuf_take(%d) failed\n", __func__, (int)nread));
        pbuf_free(p);
        return POLLIN;
    }

    error = sys_mbox_trypost(&pxudp->inmbox, p);
    if (error != ERR_OK) {
        pbuf_free(p);
        return POLLIN;
    }

    proxy_lwip_post(&pxudp->msg_inbound);

    return POLLIN;
}

/**
 * Callback from poll manager to trigger sending to guest.
 */
static void
pxudp_pcb_write_inbound(void *ctx)
{
    struct pxudp *pxudp = (struct pxudp *)ctx;
    LWIP_ASSERT1(pxudp != NULL);

    if (pxudp->pcb == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    pxudp_pcb_forward_inbound(pxudp);
}

static void
pxudp_pcb_forward_inbound(struct pxudp *pxudp)
{
    struct pbuf *p;
    u32_t timo;
    err_t error;

    if (!sys_mbox_valid(&pxudp->inmbox)) {
        return;
    }

    timo = sys_mbox_tryfetch(&pxudp->inmbox, (void **)&p);
    if (timo == SYS_MBOX_EMPTY) {
        return;
    }

    error = udp_send(pxudp->pcb, p);
    if (error != ERR_OK) {
        DPRINTF(("%s: udp_send(pcb %p) err %d\n",
                 __func__, (void *)pxudp, error));
    }

    pbuf_free(p);

    /*
     * If we enabled counting in pxudp_pcb_forward_outbound() check
     * that we have (all) the reply(s).
     */
    if (pxudp->count > 0) {
        --pxudp->count;
        if (pxudp->count == 0) {
            pxudp_pcb_expired(pxudp);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The following excerpt comes from the JewishGen Passover Companion 2019. It was written by Rabbi Chaim Yitzchak Greengrass, who describes how Jews imprisoned at Auschwitz-Birkenau managed to conduct a Seder.
UNPRECEDENTED: Over FIVE HUNDRED Doctors Serving Jewish Communities Across North America Say "VACCINATE"!
In what can only be described as unprecedented, over five hundred doctors representing numerous Jewish communities across North America , signed a letter confirming the need for all children and healthy adults to get immunized according to the CDC schedule.
Jerusalem Mayor Moshe Leon on Tuesday morning visited the Geula area of the capital, escorted by Deputy Mayor Yossi Deutsch and a team of city officials, most from the sanitation department.
The leader of the gang which attacked Argentina's Chief Rabbi, Rabbi Gabriel Davidovich, was arrested Tuesday night by the local police.
Together with the leader of the gang, known as Koko, two other suspects were arrested who are suspected of being accomplices in the robbery and violent assault.
Thirty children and teenagers from the Jerusalem area, aged 7-14, who developed a rash, swelling and itching in their eyes and skin, were brought to the Galil Medical Center after sleeping at night in one of the forests in the Western Galil, as part of an annual trip.
President Rivlin on Tuesday held a second consecutive day of meetings with Knesset faction leaders towards determining who they recommend receiving the presidential mandate to form the next coalition government.
Visit our website at http://www.norfolktorahcommunity.com/ to learn more and schedule you visit to Norfolk, VA.
Yisrael Beitenu party chairman, MK Avigdor Lieberman, held a press conference on Monday evening during his pre-Pesach holiday "toast" for faction members.
During the event he stated his representative will recommend to President Reuven Rivlin to give the presidential mandate to form the next coalition government to Binyamin Netanyahu, which was done on Tuesday, when his delegation met with the president.
"We offer the best deal in New York," explained David G. Greenfield, CEO of Met Council. "You give us access to the needy people and we will give you all the kosher food they need for Pesach." That's how Met Council was able to expand America's largest free Pesach food distribution from 120 locations last year to 129 locations across New York this year.
Chairman of Bayit Yehudi Rabbi Rafi Peretz told the dati leumi Srugim website that the party expects the education and justice portfolio in coalition negotiations. He explained that the United Right-Wing received six seats and therefore, it is entitled to the two portfolios.
The light rail in Jerusalem is preparing for the mass of visitors expected to arrive in the capital during Pesach. As part of the preparations, CityPass, the light rail operator, adjusted the frequency of trains during Chol Hamoed Pesach, and trains will be strengthened in the evening so that the waiting time will be shortened, and the frequency will increase.
A bus traveling on the 981 line from Tzefas to Bnei Brak was targeted by stone-throwers on Highway 6 near Iron Interchange. Two windows were smashed as a result. B'chasdei Hashem there were no injuries.
There is a sense of ease among members of Yahadut Hatorah as it now appears final; the party has received the controversial eighth seat which was taken from the party during the recount.
A motor vehicle accident between two vehicles in the S. Hebron Hills area on Monday left a total of 13 persons injured, six Israelis and seven Palestinians. The accident occurred near Shim'a.
UnitedHealth Group beat first-quarter expectations and raised its 2019 forecast, as the nation's largest insurer increased Medicare coverage and received another boost from its growing business outside health insurance.
Number One in Patient Satisfaction – for 5th consecutive yearEvery year, Israel's Health Ministry conducts a Patient Satisfaction survey among all the country's hospitals. The very latest results published in February 2019, show that once again, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center has topped the table with a satisfaction score of 85%.Expressing his delight that the hospital has been voted #1 in patient satisfaction for the 5th consecutive year, CEO Shlomo Rothschild said: "From the day we opened, we have striven to offer a patient experience that is second to none.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his brother Dr. Ido Netanyahu, met at the PM's Office in Jerusalem with Yosef Shemesh on Monday, who gave them personal items belonging to their brother, the late Yoni Netanyahu HY"D.


text:
Willington railway station serves the village of Willington in Derbyshire, England. The station is 6¼ miles (10 km) south west of  on the Cross Country Route.

The original station was opened in 1839 by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway on its original route from  to  meeting the London and Birmingham Railway for London.
The station was renamed Repton and Willington in 1855 with a notice on the platform: "Alight here for Repton School".
It closed for goods in 1964 and for passengers in 1968.

The present station was opened in 1994.
It is planned that both platforms will be extended by up to 16 metres by no later than 2012.

Services
All services are operated by CrossCountry. East Midlands Railway operate the station but none of their trains call here. The present station was constructed in 1994. It was planned as part of the Ivanhoe line which would run through to Loughborough, but  this has still not been realised.

East Midlands Trains used to run a couple of semi-fast services from Burton upon Trent to London St Pancras. The last London service to call at Willington was on Saturday 13 September 2008. Passengers for London must now change at Birmingham New Street for Avanti West Coast services to London Euston, at Tamworth for London North Western Railway services to Euston or at Derby for the original East Midlands Railway services to London St Pancras.

Services operate several times each day in each direction, running a primarily structured two-hourly service from around 8am to around 6pm. From 6pm, services operate three-hourly (one around 9pm and one around 11/12). There is an hourly service each way during the morning peak.

Willington is not served on Sundays.

Peartree is between Willington and Derby, but no trains from Willington stop at Peartree.

History
The station opened on 26 May 1995 at a cost of £565,000 which was funded by Derbyshire County Council with a contribution from South Derbyshire District Council. The station, which is near to a facility for Toyota, was intended to be part of the Loughborough-Burton-Derby line, known as the Ivanhoe line. Unit 150 101 formed the first service from the station.

References

External links

Railway stations in Derbyshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1839
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1968
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1994
Railway stations served by CrossCountry
Beeching closures in England
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations in Great Britain not served by their managing company

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What do you think about the antique style in architecture? In fact, we are talking about classicism.
On our site there is a category called "House" in which we usually publish everything related to the interior.
Mankind is developing at a frantic pace, and now not a single house can be imagined without a multitude of AC sockets.
Tonight I wanted to do another drawing lesson about comic book characters. I went into my room with a cup of tea in my hand and got ready to start writing.
In this drawing lesson, we'll show you how to draw stairs. We have tried very much to simplify the process of drawing, having divided the lesson into a few extremely simple steps.
Many of our readers have asked us to draw as many different items as possible regarding the house interior. So we drew a table, a chair and an armchair.
We really like the subject of the Middle Ages. Valorous knights, beautiful princesses and legends about dragons (as well as plague, witch-hunting and impassable illiteracy of the population).
Hello dear artists and welcome to Drawing For All. Today we want to continue the theme of items that you can see in everyday life.
Hello everybody. We try to teach you all the basics of drawing. So, we showed you how to draw a chair, table, jug and much more, which is taught to beginners artists.
Hello everybody. We always say that practice is the best teacher for an artist. And what could be better for practice than drawing what we can see every day?


text:
Limburg an der Lahn — Medieval Center Untouched By Time
Visitors have been crossing the Lahn Bridge for over 600 years in order to enter the beguiling town of Limburg an der Lahn. A 13th century traveler visiting the modern town would certainly feel right at home in this untouched-by-time gem along the Lahn River.
A cathedral that more closely resembles a candy-covered gingerbread house is one of the main attractions. The 13th century Limburg Cathedral sits on a rocky hill watching over the town. This Romanesque structure's interior boasts at least as much beauty as its exterior. It is covered in frescoes that date back to the 1200s.
The Old Town (Altstadt) is another historical treasure. Some of the timber houses also date back to the 13th century, along with the more "modern" ones going back to the 19th. Be sure not to miss the Haus der sieben Laster (House of the Seven Vices) which is adorned with intricate carvings depicting the seven deadly sins.
— Top Areas Of Interest
Wandering through the picturesque streets will also bring you to the Werner-Senger-Haus, one of the oldest in the town. There are also many lovely houses in the old fish market district. All these amazing buildings are over 800 years old and were restored to their former glory in the 1970s.
There are plenty of reminders of the modern world in Limburg. There's a very active theater community, most notably is a cabaret troupe called "Thing" which bases itself here. In addition to cabaret, it is possible to see musical performances ranging from the French vocal music of chanson to jazz and folk-rock. The Limburg Cathedral is also home to a well-known boys' choir, the Limburger Domsingknaben.
To visit Limburg an der Lahn is to witness a miracle of historical integrity and a strong desire to protect and preserve the jewels of the past while enjoying the comforts of modernity.
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Name: Limburg an der Lahn
Established: 910
Population: ~34,000
Phone: 06431
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There's a 6 Month reservation window, so the first date reservations can be made is Jan. 19, 2019 after 10am EST.
I will try to maintain a list of site reservations (see below).
Friday @6pm - Pot-Luck Dinner - Lake Side Pavilion.
Mary and I reserved Site 65 for the M&G.
We decided to change sites from Site 90 because Site 65 provides more room behind the side if we want to setup some tents to gather there.
I was wondering what everyone's feeling is about having the Pot-Luck-Dinner on Friday?
Another option could be having Pot-Luck-Dinner on Friday in the Pavilion and then another Pot-Luck-Dinner Left Overs on Saturday - meet and gather behind Site 65 (our site). So we don't leave out anyone arriving on Friday.
Let us know what your thoughts and opinions are.
So far it looks like everyone is arriving Thursday, except Frank who I'm sure could be talked into arriving in time for a Friday pot luck. Now, we don't know how many more folks will jump on the band wagon between now and July. You could plan the pavilion pot luck for Friday, and see how it works out. But if that's the plan you probably want to announce that soon, so that people making reservations can plan accordingly.
I am in for your second suggestion of have 2 pot lucks one on Friday at the pavilion and a second at the camp sites.
Yes, Pot luck on Friday sounds good. Either another pot luck or perhaps dessert/snacks/drinks around campfire early Sat evening would be good. Then you wouldn't have to have full table set up at your site.
I like the idea of dessert on Saturday.
That sounds like a good compromise. Pot luck Friday when we can get a free pavilion and desserts Saturday at your campsite.


text:
By Chung Kiu Kwok May 4, 2020
Swiping White
When Pittsburgh-born author Celeste Ng tweeted that she didn't usually find Asian men attractive because "they remind me of my cousins", she couldn't have foreseen that she would be castigated anonymously as "another white-boy-worshipping cunt" and accused of raising the next Elliot Rodger. Ng's comment may not have been the product of malice, but it fed into a troubling trend. She became the target of an East Asian ethno-nationalist backlash targeted against 'race traitors': Asian women whose supposed colonial mentality induced them to partner with white men.
Eleven percent of all interracial marriages in the US are between a white man and an Asian woman, while only four percent are between a white woman and an Asian man. The difference is even more pronounced in online dating. On platforms like Tinder and OkCupid, white men and Asian women easily receive the most matches. In 2014 OkCupid found that users of all races were significantly less likely to start conversations with black women and Asian men, showing little change from the statistics published five years prior. Controlling for other factors, a study at Columbia found that an Asian man would have to earn a staggering $247,000 more per year to become as desirable to a white woman as a man of her own race. A Cardiff University study on perceived facial attractiveness found that Asian women were rated the most attractive compared to white and black women, while Asian men placed last.
In the US, it is not uncommon for Tinder profiles of white women to include the two little words 'no Asians', dashing the hopes of men who otherwise check every one of their boxes. Meanwhile, Asian women are barraged with messages that often betray an uncomfortable fixation on their race.
I'm thinking of eating dinner alone in France a few years ago, and a man coming up close to shout "konichiwa" at me (I'm not Japanese), or my casual date assuming I want to take selfies with him because I'm Asian (I hate selfies). I wonder how much worse the casual reduction of my person to an implied racial trait can become when a man wants to form an emotional connection with me because he believes I am more pliable, more loyal, more mature. Maybe there's a certain mystique around me because of what I represent: an exotic culture far from home. Maybe I'm supposed to be nerdy – the kind of girl who's into maths and anime but not politics and therefore won't bring up pesky opinions in conflict with his own.
Dozens of widely shared articles bemoan the problematic stereotypes behind 'yellow fever', a derogatory term signifying the sexual fetishisation of East Asians. In the Western world, they are always the 'other'. Just under half of all participants in Harvard's Implicit Association Test automatically associate European Americans with being American and Asian Americans with being foreign, indicating fertile ground for typecasting. Women share their experiences of being hypersexualised and infantilised because of their small bodies and soft voices, as well as the baggage accompanying a history of colonialism and misogyny. Enter an interpretation of 'yellow fever' floated by numerous think pieces: men insecure in their masculinity seek out a woman who can make them feel in control, taking the mental shortcut (consciously or not) toward Asian women.
One widely suggested supporting factor is media influence. Until recently, Asian women have been nearly absent from Western politics and popular culture. A recent USC study showed that Asian-Americans represent only one percent of leading roles in Hollywood, compared to six percent of the population. The few instances in which Asian women did appear reinforced the historical façade of an exotic porcelain doll who offers an experience unattainable with the women back home. Madame Butterfly, one of the first famous Western portrayals of an Asian woman, is a fifteen-year-old geisha who waits for her American lover for years after he's moved on with a wife from home. She eventually attempts (as in the short story) or commits (as in the opera adaptation) suicide when she learns of his betrayal. Nearly a century later she graces the stage in a more palatable incarnation as Vietnamese bargirl Kim from the hit musical Miss Saigon, now seventeen and still the lovelorn ingénue. Actual women of colour were often pushed out of their own stories. Until 1956, the Hays Code governing major studio films in America banned depictions of interracial romance. Anna May Wong, the first Chinese American Hollywood star, was passed over for the female lead of The Good Earth in favour of a white actress.
It's hardly a surprise, then, that we focus on alt-right and incel men who are unable to attract the attention of 'emancipated' women. Prominent Neo-Nazi Andrew Anglin once posted a video featuring his Filipino 'jailbait girlfriend', an Internet term referring to a woman who looks young enough that pursuing her would be considered a crime. Despite embracing white supremacy, these men see Asians as a 'model minority' – honorary whites worthy of their affections. At the same time, they buy into the submissive yet hypersexual stereotypes dissected above. A number of men undoubtedly fall into this camp, but it does not tell the whole story. Most white men who have a thing for Asian women are not misogynists, fascists, or racists. Most of them may not even crave a power imbalance.
'Yellow fever' cannot be examined as a one-sided affair. Critics of the media-based analysis point out that the women who reciprocate problematic advances themselves bear responsibility for their 'white fever'. In Japan, the term 'gaijin hunter' ridicules a woman who intentionally seeks out white men as companions, often with the implication that she is a gold digger pursuing a romantic relationship. Some white men who exclusively date Asian women acknowledge that they do so because Asian women have lower standards for them.
The literature on white-preferring racism in East Asian countries is nowhere near as extensive as that concerning the US or UK. It is so entrenched in society as to go unquestioned; too much a fact of life to merit academic study. Take the case of Sarah Moran, a writer hired as an English teacher in Hong Kong without experience on the condition that she never reveal her mixed heritage. A year later, it comes out that Moran is half Filipina. One of her students pulls out. Wander through shopping malls from Delhi to Tokyo and you will find that the vast majority of ads depict models who are white or conform to white beauty standards: tall, light skin, large round eyes with double eyelids. In former British colonies, where English is the language of elites, Received Pronunciation is a status symbol. Any untrained listener can hear the difference between the speaker who learned their English at boarding school and the one who picked up their fresh-off-the-boat accent from local tutoring centres and YouTube. The ultimate badge of respectability is a degree from the West, ideally Oxbridge or Ivy League. All too often, whiteness confers prestige, and prestige confers desirability.
Although dating is treated as a wholly private choice, it does no good to remain blind to the structural forces at work behind who we find attractive. The naked declaration 'no Asians' bears a disquieting resemblance to the 'WHITES ONLY' signs ubiquitous on Jim Crow storefronts. Even now, some of libertarian, right-wing, or merely racist persuasions argue that private businesses should be allowed to limit service to whomever they please, ignoring that such permissiveness primarily enables systemic prejudice. A restaurant refusing to serve black people reinforces a structural injustice that permeates every area of life; a white woman (or worse yet, an Asian woman) refusing to date Asian men surely does the same. Doesn't it?
'It's okay to have a type': a refrain commonly heard in our sex-positive feminist community. But if attraction is a kind of magic, it's a potion whose main ingredients include subconscious value judgments we are fed from childhood. Recognising this is crucial to confronting the very real legacy of racism that underpins seemingly innocuous dating trends.
Will Tinder one day be urged to implement affirmative action into its rating system? I doubt that such a proposal will ever be taken seriously. We remain fiercely protective of our sexual and romantic choices, which are viewed as amongst the most sacrosanct of the private sphere. Dating preferences don't change at will and taking responsibility for the ways in which mainstream perceptions fail both Asian men and women, as well as men and women of other minorities, is far from a straightforward task. Not every relationship between an East Asian woman and a white man is toxic. In fact, some studies have found them to be amongst the marriages with the lowest divorce rates and highest educational attainments. Of course, this raises the possibility that the trope of the white guy in tech with an Asian girlfriend is not a point of shame, and that what needs to change is the inferior position which Asian men face in the perceptions of peers of all races.
Asian American writers, activists, and public figures have begun pushing back against damaging notions of Asian attractiveness with a frank and often uncomfortable dialogue that acknowledges troubling biases without succumbing to vitriol. They debate the deleterious effects of applying Western standards of masculinity to Asian men, conventionally fictionalised as effeminate or nerdy in ways incompatible with the character of the romantic hero. They praise Crazy Rich Asians, the first major Hollywood studio film to feature a majority cast of Asian descent in 25 years, for representing a desirable Asian hero while calling out producers for casting a biracial actor to do so. Dialogue alone won't balance swiping statistics, but it is a step towards reclaiming an identity that has been tainted as much as that of the Asian woman.
Nevertheless, the entrenched prestige of whiteness manifests itself much more explicitly in Asian societies than it does in progressive Western ones, and faces higher barriers in communities less used to confronting social injustice. There are no simple solutions. How do you convince a young mother who's just trying to get the best education for her daughter that the Chinese-looking Londoner will teach English as well as a white-passing peer? Through this lens, the biggest issue with 'yellow fever' may not be incels or neo-Nazis, but the ingrained attitudes of societies which need to find a way to pursue what's admirable about the West without elevating whiteness itself.∎
Words by Chung Kiu Kwok. Art by Sasha LaCômbe.


text:
Aurinia to Present Preclinical Voclosporin Data at 2020 Keystone Symposia Conference
December 03, 2019 6:30am Comments
- Voclosporin demonstrated fewer adverse effects on beta cell function as compared to tacrolimus in preclinical model of diabetes -
- Data supports differentiation of voclosporin versus legacy CNIs and potential best-in-class attributes -
- Data to be presented at the Keystone Symposia Conference on Islet Cell Biology -
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ:AUPH, TSX:AUP) ("Aurinia" or the "Company"), a late-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing voclosporin across multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, today announced that an abstract has been accepted for presentation at the Keystone Symposia Conference on Islet Biology: From Gene to Cell to Micro-Organ in Santa Fe, New Mexico from January 27-31, 2020. The abstract will be presented by Dr. James D. Johnson, Professor of Medicine in the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Professor Johnson is founding member of the Life Sciences Institute Diabetes Research Group and current Editor-in-Chief of the journal Islets.
The abstract entitled, Tacrolimus, but not voclosporin, significantly inhibits insulin exocytosis from human islets at clinically relevant trough concentrations, will discuss preclinical data comparing the effects of tacrolimus and voclosporin on the function and survival of human insulin producing beta cells. Legacy calcineurin inhibitors ("CNIs") have been a mainstay of treatment for the prevention of rejection after solid organ transplant for decades. In this setting, patients have developed new onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) as a relatively common but serious side effect.1 In a past clinical study, voclosporin was shown to be significantly less diabetogenic than tacrolimus in the renal transplant setting.2 In the recently published AURA-LV study in subjects with active lupus nephritis, voclosporin was shown to have no adverse clinical impact on glucose parameters.
In this in vitro study, human islets were treated with clinically relevant concentrations approximating the peak and trough concentrations of tacrolimus or voclosporin. At these trough concentrations tacrolimus, but not voclosporin, caused a statistically significant impairment of insulin secretion at the distal stages of exocytosis. Transcriptome sequencing identified novel effects of calcineurin inhibitors on genes responsible for the regulation of cellular exocytic machinery and these effects were more marked with tacrolimus.
"We are very happy with these preclinical results," stated Dr. Robert Huizinga, Executive Vice President Corporate Development at Aurinia. "These data, combined with our reported clinical experience with voclosporin with respect to a potentially low diabetic potential of this agent provide additional understanding into the mechanistic rationale as to why we see a limited adverse impact on beta cell function with voclosporin, which supports our reported clinical experience with respect to the very low diabetic potential of this agent."
The results of this study will be incorporated in a potential New Drug Application (NDA) the company expects to file during the first half of 2020.
1. Webster et al., British Medical Journal. 2005; Oct. 8th; 331(7520); 810
2. Busque et al., American Journal of Transplantation. 2011;11(12):2675-2684
Full Presentation Details
Title: Tacrolimus, but not voclosporin, significantly inhibits insulin exocytosis from human islets at clinically relevant trough concentrations (Poster #2004)
Presenter: Dr. James D. Johnson, Professor of Medicine in the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia (UBC)
Location: Santa Fe Community Convention Center - Poster Session 2, Sweeney F, Main Level Breakout Room
About Aurinia
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a late clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing therapies to treat targeted patient populations that are impacted by serious diseases with a high unmet medical need. The Company is currently developing an investigational drug, for the treatment of Lupus Nephritis, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Dry Eye Syndrome. The Company's head office is in Victoria, British Columbia and focuses its development efforts globally. For further information, see our website at www.auriniapharma.com.
About Voclosporin
Voclosporin, an investigational drug, is a novel and potentially best-in-class calcineurin inhibitor ("CNI") with clinical data in over 2,600 patients across indications. Voclosporin is an immunosuppressant, with a synergistic and dual mechanism of action. By inhibiting calcineurin, voclosporin blocks IL-2 expression and T-cell mediated immune responses and stabilizes the podocyte in the kidney. It has been shown to have a more predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship (potentially requires no therapeutic drug monitoring), an increase in potency (vs cyclosporin), and an improved metabolic profile compared to legacy CNIs. Aurinia anticipates that upon regulatory approval, patent protection for voclosporin will be extended in the United States and certain other major markets, including Europe and Japan, until at least October 2027 under the Hatch-Waxman Act and comparable laws in other countries and until April 2028 with anticipated pediatric extension. Further, the new Notice of Allowance is expected to result in the issuance of a U.S. patent with a term extending to December 2037. If the FDA approves the use of voclosporin for LN and the label for such use follows the dosing protocol under the Notice of Allowance, the issuance of this patent will expand the scope of intellectual property protection for voclosporin to December 2037.
Certain statements made in this press release may constitute forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities law and forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable United States securities law. These forward-looking statements or information include but are not limited to statements or information with respect to: preclinical data comparing the effects of tacrolimus and voclosporin on the function and survival of human insulin producing beta cells and the implications of such findings; voclosporin being potentially a best-in-class CNI with robust intellectual property exclusivity; Aurinia's anticipation that upon regulatory approval, patent protection for voclosporin will be extended in the United States and certain other major markets, including Europe and Japan, until at least October 2027 under the Hatch-Waxman Act and comparable laws in other countries and until April 2028 with anticipated pediatric extension; that the new Notice of Allowance is expected to result in the issuance of a U.S. patent with a term extending to December 2037; that if the FDA approves the use of voclosporin for LN and the label for such use follows the dosing protocol under the Notice of Allowance, the issuance of this patent will expand the scope of intellectual property protection for voclosporin to December 2037. It is possible that such results or conclusions may change based on further analyses of these data. Words such as "anticipate", "will", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "target", "plan", "goals", "objectives", "may" and other similar words and expressions, identify forward-looking statements. We have made numerous assumptions about the forward-looking statements and information contained herein, including among other things, assumptions about: the market value for the LN, DES and FSGS programs; that another company will not create a substantial competitive product for Aurinia's LN, DES and FSGS business without violating Aurinia's intellectual property rights; the burn rate of Aurinia's cash for operations; the costs and expenses associated with Aurinia's clinical trials; the planned studies achieving positive results; Aurinia being able to extend and protect its patents on terms acceptable to Aurinia; and the size of the LN, DES or FSGS markets. Even though the management of Aurinia believes that the assumptions made, and the expectations represented by such statements or information are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information will prove to be accurate.
Forward-looking information by their nature are based on assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Aurinia to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements or information. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, the following: difficulties, delays, or failures we may experience in the conduct of our clinical trial; difficulties we may experience in completing the development and commercialization of voclosporin; the market for the LN, DES and FSGS business may not be as estimated; Aurinia may have to pay unanticipated expenses; estimated costs for clinical trials may be underestimated, resulting in Aurinia having to make additional expenditures to achieve its current goals; Aurinia not being able to extend or fully protect its patent portfolio for voclosporin; and competitors may arise with similar products. Although we have attempted to identify factors that would cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements and information, there may be other factors that cause actual results, performances, achievements or events to not be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Also, many of the factors are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements or information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements or information.
Except as required by law, Aurinia will not update forward-looking information. All forward-looking information contained in this press release is qualified by this cautionary statement. Additional information related to Aurinia, including a detailed list of the risks and uncertainties affecting Aurinia and its business can be found in Aurinia's most recent Annual Information Form available by accessing the Canadian Securities Administrators' System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) website at www.sedar.com or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Electronic Document Gathering and Retrieval System (EDGAR) website at www.sec.gov/edgar.
We seek Safe Harbor.
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text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe 'java_se::default' do
  context 'skip install' do
    let(:chef_run) do
      ChefSpec::SoloRunner.new(platform: 'debian', version: '8.8') do |node|
        node.override['java_se']['skip'] = true
      end.converge(described_recipe)
    end

    it 'does nothing' do
      expect(chef_run).to_not include_recipe('java_se::_download_java')
      expect(chef_run).to_not include_recipe('java_se::_linux_install')
      expect(chef_run).to_not include_recipe('java_se::_macosx_install')
      expect(chef_run).to_not include_recipe('java_se::_windows_install')
    end
  end
end