Barbecues are usually all about meat, French bread and dipping sauces. With these tips and delicious and healthy alternatives to greasy, calorie-laden junk foods you can learn to enjoy guilt-free grilling.
On average, the Dutch have barbecues 5 to 10 times a year in their gardens, on balconies or at parks. A whopping 31% would like to light the grill all year round. And that's only logical, because barbecuing is a social event more than any other form of cooking. It's a gathering of family, friends and neighbours. It's about people getting together, firing up the grill and enjoying themselves. And you can't beat that – even if you have to set up the grill beneath an overhead shelter on account of rain.
Want to feel healthy and guilt-free every time you indulge in a barbecue dinner? It's all about proper preparation. And we're not talking about preparing the food, we mean preparing your stomach. Don't show up for a barbecue feeling hungry. This will only result in you eating all the French bread that you can find before the grill has even been lit. Instead, munch on a healthy snack or have a salad while you wait until the meat is done.
Meat is the main focus of most barbecues but many meats are very high in fat and calories. However, there is a way to go lean without sacrificing anything in the way of taste. Simply avoid high-calorie meats such as hamburgers, bacon and sausages, and opt for lean meats like steak, chicken breast, turkey or pork tenderloin. Want to go meatless altogether? Why not have a full-on fish feast with cod, tuna, trout, plaice, sole or monkfish. Tip: barbecue the easy way with a portable grilling basket or fish wrapped in foil packets.
There are many vegetarian barbecue dishes that will satisfy your taste buds and help you feel healthy. Take, for instance, this portobello burger. Kebabs are also one of the most versatile dishes you can make. Simply slice up your favourite veggies (e.g. bell peppers, courgettes, mushrooms, tomatoes), marinate them in olive oil and season with salt, pepper and garlic, push them onto a skewer and get grilling! Grilled corn on the cob is also a delicious side dish. Drizzle with olive oil, and season with salt and pepper. Or try grilling fruit. Grilled fruit makes a great dessert and the heat really brings out the flavour.
No barbecue fest is complete without a few dipping sauces. Throwing a healthy barbecue doesn't mean sauces are off limits. Just remember that red sauces such as ketchup and curry sauce contain less fat than white sauces like mayonnaise. Unfortunately, most peanut sauces are fattening. You can also make your own low-fat sauces. These yogurt dips are simple, healthy and make a perfect addition to your barbecue menu.
Bon appétit and a happy grilling season!


text:
By - The Washington Times - Tuesday, January 22, 2002
The Jersey taxman
How long did it take for New Jersey's new Democratic governor, James E. McGreevey, "to turn to tax hikes as the way to fill a sizable budget hole?" the New York Post asks.
"Two days," the newspaper noted in an editorial.
"Despite his campaign promise reiterated the day after his election that he would 'not consider any tax increases,' McGreevey last Thursday announced that his pledge would be limited to income and sales taxes.
"Which means that New Jersey's property-tax rebates likely will soon be history. And a host of sin taxes and other user fees will be winding their way through the Democratic-controlled state Legislature.
"'Literally every option is on the table, with the exception of increasing sales and income taxes,' said the new governor on his second day in office.
"And to ensure that he lives up to both ends of the Democrats' wholly justified 'tax and spend' label, McGreevey used his first executive order to mandate the use of union labor by state agencies.
"That not only excludes from government contracts the 80 percent of New Jersey workers who don't belong to labor unions, it also will probably boost the cost of public construction projects by 20 percent… .
"In his first hours in office, McGreevey seems to be following the course of New Jersey's last Democratic governor, who also said 'never mind' after vowing not to raise taxes.
"Trenton's new chief executive might want to give some thought to what happened to Jim Florio the next time he had to face the voters. It wasn't pretty."
The forgotten state
Amid all the attacks on George W. Bush in Democratic Chairman Terry McAuliffe's speech Saturday to the party's national committee, "one issue was noticeably absent: Not once did McAuliffe say the word 'Florida,'" Byron York writes at National Review Online (www.nationalreview.com).
"In fact, he made no reference to the election of 2000 at all, and mentioned Al Gore just once, almost in passing, when he praised the 'values that powered the Clinton-Gore agenda.'
"Indeed, the disputed election, which was such a crowd-pleaser just a year ago, disappeared nearly completely from the podium on the final day of the DNC winter meeting. House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt briefly urged Democrats to make sure 'that the kind of elections we had in Florida and other places around this country last year in 2000 don't happen again.' But otherwise, Florida was gone. Even the T-shirt and button sellers didn't seem to care, beyond pushing a few 'Re-Elect Gore in 2004' bumper stickers," Mr. York said.
"It was obvious well before September 11 that the general public no longer cared about the disputed election and the alleged illegitimacy of the Bush presidency. What was striking about the DNC winter meeting was that it was no longer necessary even to give lip service to Florida when speaking before the party's hardest-core, most die-hard activists.
"Yes, the war is a factor, but it didn't stop McAuliffe from attacking Bush on taxes, Social Security, Medicare, and other issues. Instead, it seems that McAuliffe and Democratic strategists have realized that after public indifference, a fizzled media recount, and failed books on the topic, there is simply no evidence that even the party faithful care about Florida anymore."
Bad farm policy
"When the Senate resumes its session this week, boosters of the Daschle-Harkin farm bill, supported by almost the entire agriculture lobby, will demand the bill's swift passage. This would be a serious public-policy mistake that would harm most farmers and their fellow citizens," Sen. Richard G. Lugar, Indiana Republican, wrote yesterday in an op-ed piece in the New York Times.
"Passage of the Daschle-Harkin bill would halt attempts to reform America's distorted agriculture policy. It would, indeed, commit still more money to that policy: adding $73.5 billion over 10 years, on top of the $98.5 billion that would go to maintaining current programs. Such huge increases are out of line at a time when the United States is fighting a sluggish economy and a life-or-death war on terrorism," Mr. Lugar said.
"Ineffective agriculture policy has, over the years, led to a ritual of overproduction in many crops and most certainly in the heavily supported crops of corn, wheat, cotton, rice and soybeans and the protected specialty products like milk, sugar and peanuts. The government has provided essentially a guaranteed income to producers of these crops. So those farmers keep producing more crops than the market wants, which keeps the price low so low that these farmers continually ask the government for more subsidies, which they get."
Weary of war
Political posturing "only goes so far in explaining the current Enron enthusiasm," USA Today columnist Walter Shapiro writes.
"The truth is that four months after the worst terrorist attacks in history, both the nation's political elite and the press pack have grown weary with the war against al Qaeda," Mr. Shapiro said.
"Maybe the cause is the truncated attention span that accompanies the 24-hour news cycle, or maybe it's the chilling knowledge that we're a long way from eradicating terrorist threats. But what is unmistakable is that the television logos heralding 'America's New War' now look old.
"Yet this is precisely the wrong moment to change channels in search of diverting scandal coverage. The ease of the victory over the Taliban should not lull citizens into believing that Afghanistan is now pacified or that the American strategy has been fully vindicated."
An off-the-wall report
"Afghans may have danced in the street and ripped off their burkhas when the war on terror liberated them from the Taliban. But judging from the latest survey by Human Rights Watch, the world might have been better off had the Taliban liberated Washington, D.C., instead," the Wall Street Journal observes in an editorial.
"We exaggerate only slightly. In its annual survey of rights around the world, released last week, Human Rights Watch devotes at least three times as much critical space to America as to any other country. And it treats the war on terror as a far greater threat to humanity than terrorism itself. Many of our liberal friends have been bragging that the blame-America-first left has vanished since September 11. Well, it's back, and running Human Rights Watch," the newspaper said.
The newspaper added: "We hardly think the U.S. is immune from criticism, and as a rich democracy it should be held to the highest standards. But this report is off the wall. It harks back to the kind of left-wing moral equivalence we haven't seen since the fall of the Berlin Wall. A Democrat who wants to be president would be smart to slap it down hard and publicly.
"All the more so because the real loser here is the cause of human rights itself. Human rights are about universal moral standards, not someone's narrow political agenda. This report is all about the latter and its cynicism will only make people skeptical whenever they hear the phrase 'human rights.' Maybe the authors need to spend a week or two with the Taliban to relearn some basic moral distinctions."
Same old Moyers
Bill Moyers has a new program on PBS, but viewers got the same old liberal pontification they've come to expect, the Media Research Center's Brent Baker writes.
"On Friday night, PBS debuted its new weekly news program, 'Now with Bill Moyers.' He used it as a platform for a liberal lecture about how 'America's richest and most polluting companies' are 'sitting pretty' thanks to the Bush administration they bought and paid for while the environment is suffering," Mr. Baker noted.
"'Even some Washington conservatives are outraged' at Vice President [Richard B.] Cheney's 'adamant secrecy' in not divulging who his energy-policy task force consulted, Moyers maintained as he showcased a 'staunch conservative' on his side: [Judicial Watchs] Larry Klayman."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php
/**
 * @namespace
 */
namespace Vein\Core\Session\Adapter;

use Phalcon\Session\Adapter as BaseAdapter,
	Phalcon\Session\AdapterInterface,
	Phalcon\Session\Exception;

/**
 * Class Redis
 *
 * @category    Vein\Core
 * @package     Session
 * @subpackege  Adapter
 */
class Redis extends BaseAdapter implements AdapterInterface
{

	/**
	 * Phalcon\Session\Adapter\Redis constructor
	 *
	 * @param array $options
	 */
	public function __construct($options=null)
	{
		if (!isset($options['path'])) {
			throw new Exception("The parameter 'save_path' is required");
		}

		ini_set('session.save_handler', 'redis');
        if (is_array($options['path'])) {
            if (!isset($options['path'][0])) {
                $path = $options['path'];
                unset($options['path']);
                $options['path'] = [$path];
            }
            $paths = [];
            foreach ($options['path'] as $val) {
                $path = 'tcp://';
                $path .= $val['host'];
                unset($val['host']);
                $path .= ':'.$val['port'];
                unset($val['port']);
                if (!empty($val)) {
                    $path .= '?'.http_build_query($val);
                }
                $paths[] = $path;
            }
            $options['path'] = implode(', ', $paths);
        }
		ini_set('session.save_path', $options['path']);

        if (isset($options['name'])) {
            ini_set('session.name', $options['name']);
        }
        if (isset($options['lifetime'])) {
            ini_set('session.gc_maxlifetime', $options['lifetime']);
        }
        if (isset($options['cookie_lifetime'])) {
            ini_set('session.cookie_lifetime', $options['cookie_lifetime']);
        }

		parent::__construct($options);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Protocol method deprecation causes warning in Swift Let's say that I have a pure Swift protocol (not marked with @objc statement), this protocol serves as a delegate in some other class. This protocol has two methods: old method that I'd like to deprecate and new method that I'd like to introduce as a replacement:
protocol TestProtocol: AnyObject {

    @available(*, deprecated, renamed: "newMethod()")
    func deprecatedMethod()

    func newMethod()
}

class TestClass {

    weak var delegate: TestProtocol?

    func testDelegates() {
        // Warning: 'deprecatedMethod()' is deprecated: renamed to 'newMethod()'.
        delegate?.deprecatedMethod()

        delegate?.newMethod()
    }
}

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        let testClass = TestClass()
        testClass.delegate = self
        testClass.testDelegates()
    }
}

extension ViewController: TestProtocol {

    func deprecatedMethod() {
        print("Deprecated method.")
    }

    func newMethod() {
        print("New method.")
    }
}

Since class still has to call deprecated method of the protocol it causes warning. I'd like to prevent this warning. Are there any ideas on how this can be fixed?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This article appeared in The Kansas City Star on April 27, 2008.
David T. Beito is chairman of the Alabama State Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Ilya Somin is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute.


This is an an additional common issue when it involves a commode. If the bathroom flush bar is damaged, you have to replace it right away. Otherwise, your kids may discover it challenging to flush the commode. Replacing a bathroom flush lever is easy. It can be conveniently executed as a DIY job if you have a little experience in this field. If you assume that you are unable to change the flush bar, it is finest that you call the experts immediately. Call A Plumber is one of the most effective toilet repair work company in Murdock . Call them now for all your bathroom fixing and setup tasks.
Are you setting up a new bathroom or changing parts in your existing bathroom? Then, you must call Call A Plumber given that we are the leading provider for bathroom installments in Murdock and its suburbs. There are many pleased customers that are commending our services. A lot of our consumers are repeat clients, who have actually returned to us again and again for all their pipes repair service troubles. Whether you should replace certain parts in your commode or set up a complete new system, we will help you do it within a short time period. Our highly qualified and also experienced specialists will certainly assist resolve all your issues with full convenience.
most of the homeowners will certainly discover their commodes leaking at the base. This is one of the largest issues dealt with by the majority of the home owners today. This type of leak typically occurs when you flush the bathroom. Tightening the tee screws or changing the commode wax ring is one solution for this trouble. Prior to you head down this path, you ought to be sure that the water is dripping from the base. Often, various other parts of the bathroom might be dripping and producing the water on the floor. This is why you need to call the specialists to examine the problem and supply a solution to it. Call A Plumber is the very best when it involves repairing or mounting a commode base in your home.
Are you experiencing trouble with your bathroom container? Is your commode tank dripping? If so, you should call Call A Plumber promptly. Bathroom storage tank repair is quite an usual pipes problem in Murdock as well as various other parts of the state. Despite the fact that there are numerous bathroom container repair work company in Murdock, , not every one of them are superior. This is why you have to carry out substantial study in picking the most effective service provider for toilet tank fixings. This is where Call A Plumber be available in helpful. We utilize several of the very best service technicians that are highly qualified and also experienced in dealing with all your toilet container repair work issues. Call us today for a complimentary quote for all your plumbing concerns in Murdock, IL.
As a customer, you have to execute comprehensive study when selecting a specialist and also credible pipes provider in Murdock. There are many many provider that market their solutions as being the most effective in the area, yet most of them will never ever guarantee their workmanship. This is why you should be exceptionally careful when selecting a pipes expert in the area. Call A Plumber is one of the most reputable expert toilet fixing company in the location. Call us now for all your pipes as well as bathroom repair issues in Murdock IL.


Microsoft is remaining its windows stay Soul Crazy spaces blogging platform and shifting all its customers over to WordPress.com. It's a dramatic pass because of this that it is giving up a potentially massive slice of marketing enterprise – perhaps because it surely cannot make it pay.
Or as Microsoft places it, "partnering collectively" – redundant word alert – "and supplying an upgrade for 30 million home windows live areas clients".
Make no mistake, this is dramatic: it was that Microsoft is giving up doubtlessly valuable turf wherein it could have offered advertisements, in the manner of Google and the Blogger platform (which generates sales for Google), and retreating from as a minimum one part of the online space.
Basically, if you're one of those stay space bloggers, and you're really nevertheless doing stuff for your blog, then live areas is encouraging – nay, pushing – you over to WordPress.
You've got six months before it disappears into the awesome Bit Bucket where Geocities has long past.
Following the news that Vox is ultimate (on 30 September), and that its parent Six apart (which created Movable kind) is becoming a member of with VideoEgg to create a new company called Say Media, one has to think that the pool of hosted running a blog systems is shrinking instead rapidly. Atthis price, pretty soon it's handiest going to be Blogger and WordPress.
And if that's what it comes right down to, you'd have to mention that WordPress has the brink. It is being taken up with the aid of the British government, even for non-blogging websites, where it acts as an effective content material management device.
That even though may additionally overlook the emergence of "superfast weblog" systems such as Tumblr, which strip away a lot of the stuff at the outside – which can make weblog preservation complex or tedious.
Nonetheless, it's not clear from here where running a blog, as a separate interest, is genuinely going. I nevertheless have the experience – as I stated last yr – that the long tail of blogging is loss of life. Microsoft's capitulation over live spaces appears an acknowledgement of that (its previous post, related in that quote above, notes how much of a problem unsolicited mail blogs and comment spam had been; certainly, after I used to trawl blogs for generation content material, live areas blogs were notorious for being pure splogs or reproduction/paste jobs).
WordPress.com has done a higher activity preserving the spam out. The query now's whether it's far building its enterprise on top of an iceberg in a warming sea – or on dry land.


text:
Illegal Procedure: The Quick and the Dead
by Chris Floyd
The execution of Saddam Hussein is necessary, we are told, in order to re-establish the principles of law and order and justice in Iraq, after decades of his arbitrary tyranny. That's why he was not given over to summary justice, a la Mussolini, but was subjected to a "fair trial" under "rules of law." Having been found guilty by this formal legal procedure, he has been duly and legitimately sentenced to die, by hanging, again in accordance with impartial processes of law established by the American liberation of Iraq. (For a somewhat different view of the situation, see the post below.)
But what are we told today by the New York Times? That Saddam will likely be hanged willy-nilly, hugger-mugger, chop-chop, without any bother about those silly-billy legal procedures of a democratic government – you know, the freedom and democracy for which Bush has sacrificed almost 3,000 American lives (topping Osama bin Laden's body count) and more than half a million innocent Iraqis.
From the NYT:
Another senior administration official said later Thursday night that Iraqi officials had told the White House to expect the execution on Saturday, Baghdad time. In Iraq, where the Constitution requires that the Iraqi president and his two deputies sign all execution orders, officials said it was unlikely that legal formalities would stand in the way. The president, Jalal Talabani, had not received the documents by late Thursday.
But a government official familiar with the process said that little objection would be raised if the execution took place almost immediately. "Even if it happens tonight, no one is going to make an issue out of the procedure," the official said.
Why, it almost seems that…one would almost think…I mean, gosh, it's hard to believe but…could it be this whole "freedom and democracy and law" stuff was just -- how to put it politely, in keeping with the civility demanded of us by all the Broders and Liebermans of the world? – could it be it was just howling bullshit peddled by bloodthirsty predators determined to have their way no matter what the cost? Could it be that – help me out here, Dave, Joe – could it be that we've been, you know, lied to?
But let us not be intemperate. Let us not be uncivil. Let us each pledge, here and now, that when the time comes, we will ensure that Mr. Bush and Mr. Cheney and their many accomplices in Saddamian mass murder will receive a truly fair and impartial trial, and that we will never allow them to be executed outside of the "legal formalities." No, let us stoutly assure those gentlemen (and ladies) that we, at least, will always "make an issue out of the procedure" that guarantees their rights under the rule of law.


Whether you might be present process a medical procedure or enjoying a spa indulgence, different aspects of the island also hyperlink with its suitability to healthy living. With the health attributes of the Mediterranean food plan widely recognised, and the island's abundance of recent, local produce that bursts with flavour, eating effectively is a pleasure that comes simple in Cyprus. And with it comes the added bonus of having fun with your dining outside… with panoramic sea or mountain views. The improbable year-spherical climate of dry summers and mild winters, also permits for a myriad of activities and pursuits, from strolling and biking to swimming and diving, while the areas of stunning pure magnificence – from coast to forest – are soothing to all the senses. At the stage of humanity or of a part of humanity (human teams inside one area, of one or several continents) these three stages (or two of them) might be simultaneous, as is shown as a lot by the present as by the past. It is a result of the uneven development of human societies, whether attributable to inside reasons or by one or more exterior components exerting an accelerating or slowing-down affect on their evolution. However, in the historic strategy of a given socio-economic complete each of the above-talked about stages comprises, as soon as a sure stage of transformation is reached, the seeds of the next stage.
Since surprising points happen to everybody, having health insurance can really prevent cash. Additionally, if you don't get insurance coverage for 2015, chances are you'll be topic to a penalty in your tax return. This payment is either 2 percent of your yearly family or $325 per adult, whichever is greater. For children below the age of 18 the payment is $162.50. You may pay the payment in your 2015 federal income tax return. Most people will file this return in 2016.
You've got submitted your Marketplace utility and enrolled in a plan, but you're not achieved but. You will need to pay your first health insurance premium on your protection to start. You make the cost to your health insurance company — not the Marketplace. Its water is by and enormous proposed throughout pregnancy because it aides in constipation, heart burn and average digestion. The presence of lauric acid in its water acts as anti-bacterial and anti-viral, which in any other case support the physique's immune system.
When all of the staff in an exceedingly agency maintain personal hygiene, it helps in growing the ultimate productiveness of the corporate. this may be notably the case in industries wherever specialization of labor is utilized. Factions of labor sq. measure bogged down or maybe halted as a outcomes of the sickness of a specialised worker. It ends up in failure to fulfill deadlines and this can be terribly dangerous to the success of any business.
Usually it might seem that Antagolin is also capable of help sufferers with hormone resistance to decrease their glucose ranges and subsequently if mixed with a wise low-fat, low-GI diet and exercise to conjointly promote weight reduction. All of us want a superb night time sleep and be well rested. A effectively-rested physique means your inner systems are working successfully. That is important to good health. Lack of sleep or a superb rest is not only bodily and mentally tiring in the course of the day however could possibly be a sign of heart illness, overweight problem and even stroke.


Last year, for the first time, people in the United States purchased more wine than people in France, according to a report from the International Organization of Vine and Wine.
France's per capita consumption is still much higher than America's, but total wine consumption in France fell while it rose in the U.S. Americans bought 29.1 million hectolitres of wine in 2013, while the French bought only 28.1 million hectolitres, a decline of almost 7% from the previous year.
Americans who are embracing wine live in the greatest era in wine history, when more fascinating wines are readily available than ever before and in a greater diversity of styles from more different places.
But travel to Europe and what do you see? Europeans behaving more like Americans, working longer hours with shorter lunches, as well as grabbing dinner on the go rather than gathering as a family.
Wine is still hugely popular in Europe, however. Reuters notes that the average French person drinks 1.2 bottles of wine per week, which is six times higher than consumption for the average American, according to 2011 data.
And France still produces more wine than the U.S., but a significant portion of the world's wine is consumed in America.
As the map notes, nearly half of the world's wine is consumed by just five countries.
One explanation for the decline in wine drinking in France could be a focus on higher quality wines that the French buy in less quantity.


Optimized for fast shooting speeds and working in difficult conditions, the AF-S NIKKOR 500mm f/4E FL ED VR is an impressive telephoto designed for Nikon FX-format DSLRs. The sophisticated optical design incorporates two fluorite and three extra-low dispersion elements to control chromatic aberrations and distortions, as well as lessen the overall weight of the lens. Also contributing to improved image quality, both Nano Crystal and Super Integrated Coatings have been applied to lens elements to lessen flare and ghosting for improved contrast, clarity, and color fidelity. Protecting the advanced optical design is a front fluorine-coated meniscus glass element that, when paired with the weather-resistant magnesium alloy barrel, supports working in inclement conditions.


Sprudle is a new product from Balholm—100% natural juice, carbonated for a refreshing and sparkling mouthfeel.
100% apple juice with carbonation added. No water or sugar added. Sweet-sour apple taste with a refreshing mouthfeel.
100% apple and blackcurrant juice with carbonation added. No water or sugar added. Fresh sweet-sour black currant taste with a refreshing mouthfeel.
Fruit juice made from fresh organic apples and cherries. The cherry variety Fanal is juicy and very aromatic, with a crisp acidity that makes it suitable for cocktails. Balholm Organic Apple and Cherry Juice pairs well with light dishes like sandwiches, pasta, and fish.
Fresh organic apple and blackcurrant juice. Black currant is the healthiest of the garden berries and has an acidity that makes it lovely together with food. Balholm Organic Apple and Blackcurrant Juice from is a good alternative to red wine. It pairs well with rich and solid dishes.
Fruit juice made from fresh organic apples and blackcurrants. Blackcurrants are the healthiest of the garden berries and have a tantalizing acidity that pairs well with food. Balholm Organic Apple and Blackcurrant Juice is a good alternative to red wine. It pairs well with rich and hearty dishes.
Fruit juice made from fresh organic apples and pears grown in lush orchards along the Sognefjord. Here there is evidence of fruit cultivation all the way back to the 1200s. Balholm organic apple and pear juice has a mild sweet-sour taste that pairs well with spicy dishes.
Fruit juice from fresh organic apples and wild blueberries. The blueberries are harvested in the forests surrounding the fruit-growing village Solvorn, overlooking Urnes Stave Church on the other side of the Sognefjord. Balholm organic apple and blueberry juice has a mild sweet-sour taste and pairs well with cheese.
Taste: Pure, fruity, and immediate. Refreshing aftertaste.
Smell: Hint of ripe apples and blueberries, touch of herbs and canned fruit.
This is a fruit juice made from fresh, hand-picked apples and the local raspberry variety Veten, which has grown along the Sognefjord for 70 years. Veten is an aromatic raspberry with a deep red color. Balholm Apple and Raspberry Juice tastes of summer and grandmother's kitchen! Healthy and pairs well with light dishes.
Fruit juice made from fresh organic apples grown in lush orchards along the Sognefjord. Here there is evidence of fruit cultivation all the way back to the 1200s. Balholm organic apple juice has a fresh sweet–sour taste and suits most dishes.


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text:
photo-eye Book Reviews: (based on a true story)
(based on a true story). Photographs by David Alan Harvey.
Published by BurnBooks, 2012.
(based on a true story)
Reviewed by Colin Pantall
Photographs by David Alan Harvey
BurnBooks, 2012. Softcover. 132 pp., 66 color illustrations, 7-1/2x10".
It's exciting times in the photobook world. There are new ways of printing, distributing, editing, selling; new inks, new papers, new publisher, new inserts, new everything. But for all the newness, nearly all photobooks made by publishers, both big and small, are innately conservative. Sure, there is visionary photography that gives a book certain shape. Paul Graham's Shimmer of Possibility springs to mind. It was still a conservative book though. The Altogether by Chris Coekin with its ambitious combination of text, images and music pushes the boundaries a bit more and Alec Soth is publishing brave and labor-intensive gems at Little Brown Mushroom.
So where does that lead us? Well, there's a new book out by David Alan Harvey called (based on a true story) and it rather sets a new high water mark in imaginative, effective book design. Add the fact that it's intelligent, sexy and really, really cool and you end up with a book that is certainly the most enjoyable I have handled in the last few years.
And it's fun. It comes in a box overprinted with a black and white crazy paving design. Open that up and there's a cloth-covered slipcase, again with a black and white design. Then you're into the book. The cover is an unsaturated picture of a girl in a bikini. Pale pinks and light blues mix with a beach ball, an ice-cream and some big Brazilian buttocks. Yay, we're not in Kansas anymore! Let a thousand clichés blossom!
(based on a true story), by David Alan Harvey. Published by Burn Books, 2012.
Open the book and there are loose clad leaves held together by a Prussian-blue cord with wooden beads. What's going on? Everything's all over the place and there's that girl in the bikini again, scattered on a contact sheet buying ice creams, beach balls and candy floss.
So what is going on? Fortunately there's a postcard to give you a clue. That's what it says on its reverse side; "Clues." Clue one is "There is more than one way to read this novella." Clue 2 is "It is analog, 3D, interactive (Please Handle With Care)" and Clue 3 is "See Map."
I searched for the map, but I didn't find it. Where's the flipping map! No maps that I could see, so I started looking anyway. We get past the girl and we're up in the favelas and there are guns. But it's half a picture. There's a tennis player and the beach. It's a kind of intro, but then we see the title and the book starts proper. It's Rio, so it's beach football, then more beaches. There's wealth, there are suntans and it's feeling hot, hot, hot. All very Brazilian so far. The landscape formatted pictures are folded in two so to see them fully you pull them out from under the cord. But funnily enough you don't need to. The halves fit together with other halves or the full portraits on the facing page. Bare flesh and night lights vie with the golden hour and party life. The energy just pops out of the page; it's like Martin Parr meets Bruce Gilden but with a vivacious element added. Harvey might just have been enjoying himself during the making of this book.
There are street scenes, Carnival and party life. Sex and wealth sit next to a gun barrel (pull the picture out...) and then there's a pause, a sobriety, a distance, an apartment, a woman and a pool. It's a respite, a break, a different kind of photography from the usual Harvey full-color model. But from there from then on things get a bit seedy; spliffs, blow jobs, baggies and guns. More half pictures and more opening up, unfolding and rearranging of the elements.
Then we're at the end and it's the girl in the bikini again, this time holding a stick of cotton candy between her legs. But we're not at the end, because that's just the one version. We can go back and pull the pictures out, rejig them, see if we can do better. The way the pictures are folded over invites another response, to find matching halves, to see what goes where, who goes with whom?
(based on a true story) seems to be a random machine gun attack of a book, but it's not. It's held together by carefully (and very cleverly) calculated clues. External elements such as the postcard of clues and the 'map' (it's a visual map – I found it in the end) of the book point you in one direction. But at the same time, there are other structures holding the book in place; the uphill/downhill nature of Rio's topography, the gaps between rich and poor, the magnetic attraction of the beach. It's not a nuanced book, you will not discover the inner truths of Brazilian society from this book, but why would you expect to? Instead, you get a raucous, dynamic and thoroughly enjoyable ride around the hillsides of Rio de Janeiro, in a book where the text, design and layout is incisive, innovative and fun.—COLIN PANTALL
(based on a true story) was shortlisted for the 2012 PhotoBook Awards. A video of the book can be seen at the purchase link.
COLIN PANTALL is a UK-based writer, photographer and teacher - he is currently a visiting lecturer in Documentary Photography at the University of Wales. His work has been exhibited in London, Amsterdam, Manchester and Rome and his Sofa Portraits will be published as a handmade book early next year. Further thoughts of Colin Pantall can be found on his blog, which was listed as one of Wired.com's favourites earlier this year.
Labels: Book Reviews, Books, Colin Pantall


text:
Get In The Know About Illegal Prison Contraband
Posted by Cell Block Legendz Administrator on 2/1/2020 to
Cell Block Legendz Does Not Own The Rights To This Image.
Let's start this blog article off with some commentary about the picture above to help you Get In The Know About Illegal Prison Contraband. Imagine how many cell phones and contraband got inside jails and prisons due to contraband smuggling. That is…before the invention and implementation of search equipment and unless contraband smugglers didn't forget to turn off the cell phone ringers (Lol). Is there more to the story when it comes to prison contraband. You bet.
Contraband has constituted menace in all prison facilities all over the world. Inmates, visitors, and even correctional officers have contributed to the thriving contraband culture in jails and prisons. We need to set the records straight as most visitors to the prison have ignorantly perpetuated this smuggling act. In this piece, we will explain what contraband in prison is, various forms of contraband, how prisons can checkmate the smuggling of contraband and legal punishments for visitors and inmates that smuggle contraband.
Prison Contraband is defined as any property that is illegal to own, use, or carry around inside a prison facility. Every prison has regulations that prevent inmates from possessing certain items, some of which are harmful or potentially lethal. Contraband is not always dangerous substances. It can be anything from phones, clothing, medication, and earpieces to certain types of food. But the underlying definition refers to any item that inmates could exchange, modify or leverage to escape as determined by the prison regulation.
Due to changing regulations, what was formally legal to possess today in prisons could be termed contraband tomorrow. For example, tobacco smoking was prohibited in prisons in July 2011 and since then smoking devices and paraphernalia have been declared contraband in prisons. With understaffed prisons and staff who may be exhausted by overtime hours, manual searches or frisks for drugs, weapons, or contraband are easily smuggled into facilities.
In fact, a 2017 report by the New York City Department of Investigation (DOI), the City's Inspector General uncovered that a DOI investigator in September 2017 smuggled in $5,000 worth of contraband including two scalpel blades, 26.8 grams of marijuana, and five strips of suboxone, a prescription opiate, through the entrances of the Manhattan and Brooklyn Detention Centers.
VARIOUS FORMS OF CONTRABAND IN PRISONS
Some common examples of contraband in prisons include hard drugs, pills, phones, tattoo instruments, alcohol, medication paraphernalia, sharp objects, weapons, etc. Other instances of contraband in prisons may include normal and seemingly harmless items that while not illegal, could be explored wrongly by inmates.
Below is a list of the contraband in detail:
Hard Drugs - Such as marijuana leaves weighing up to 20 grams and above or powders suspected to be hard drugs
Communication gadgets - Such as mobile phones, headphones or SIM cards
Sharp Objects - Such as knives, glass, canned products, and other make-shift weapons or work tools outside of authorized jurisdiction
Alcohol - Either beer, spirits, wines or any other home-brewed related items
Tattoo Devices - Such as inks and needles
Drugs and medication paraphernalia which include tobacco devices and syringes
Other items that can be considered contraband- Such as cash, gang symbolism, another inmate's item, etc.
METHODS TO REDUCE CONTRABAND IN PRISONS
Prison facilities have devised various screening methods to reduce or stop contraband from entering prisons. The intelligence department in prisons is responsible for analyzing, identifying, and reducing risk areas within the prison facility and keep abreast of the latest smuggling and concealing techniques.
Today, some prison facilities employ interdiction modalities to prevent contraband from entering their facilities. An interdiction modality is a combination of both the regulatory policies and practices that correctional facilities use to stop contraband from gaining entry into their facility as well as intelligent strategies used to detect and destroy contraband that may have already found its way into the prison yard. Below are some of the practices and methods used to prevent the prevalence of contraband in prisons.
Even though we most times try to shy away from the obvious, the fact is that the prison officers also engage in smuggling of contraband in prisons. Their willingness to collaborate with visitors and inmates perpetuates the spread of contraband in the facility. Therefore, the first step towards preventing the smuggling of contraband in prisons is by hiring right. A thorough and comprehensive background check of a potential employee is recommended especially for applicants interested in filling a sensitive and trusted position. Prison administrators now do more than just inquiring about the usual conviction or driving history of the applicant. They now go as far as inquiring about the applicant's work history, hobbies, and social affiliations.
Monitor Officers closely
Also, supervisors are mandated to keep a close eye on officers on duty. By so doing, they get to see what the officers are doing, listen to their conversations, and observe their body language. For instance, if an officer is paying too much attention to certain quarters/units in the prison yard, that is a red flag. If they also appear to have some cozy relationship with certain inmates, it becomes a threat to the integrity of their jobs. If supervisors really pay attention to their subordinates and, better yet, be seen lurking around always, the subordinates will less likely indulge in smuggling contraband.
Visitors Screening
The visitors that have signed up to visit inmates in prison must be thoroughly screened too, to prevent contraband from entering the prison. Visitors with questionable characters and bad social records are not allowed to visit inmates. Examples are individuals on parole, gang member, felons, drug convicts, etc.
According to New York City Department of Correction officials, in state and federal prisons, strip searches of visitors are permitted with consent, but not cavity checks. In city jails, however, neither strip searches nor cavity checks of visitors are allowed. Be sure to check your state's Department of Corrections or agency for specific information regarding your state's policies and procedures on strip searches in jail and prisons.
Some prisons have deployed technologies like X-ray scanning to facilitate more forensic and thorough screening in a bid to detect and deter contraband, especially drugs. Employing X-ray technology eliminates the need for time-consuming manual screening. The machines are also very easy to deploy and easily integrated into existing screening protocols.
PUNISHMENT FOR CONTRABAND SMUGGLING
In the United States, engaging in contraband smuggling is a tier 5 crime on a scale of 1 to 6. The most serious being 1 and the least serious, 6. The penalty for a class 5 crime is at least one and a half years in incarceration. The penalty could be a harsher sentence depending on the level of the crime, such as a longer jail term or time in a state correctional facility as opposed to doing time in county jail. The law ensures that second-time offenders get stronger and longer punishment.
However, it is important to note that a defendant is only guilty of smuggling charges if he consciously and intentionally brought contraband into a correctional facility. The defendant, therefore, cannot be penalized for the crime if he is not aware, he was carrying contraband into the prison. Make sure that you do not turn yourself into a victim of your own ignorance by not knowing about the consequences of smuggling contraband in jail or prisons.
Contraband negatively and falsely empowers prisoners and defeats the reason for their incarceration in a correctional facility. Even items that appear harmless can be dangerous inside a prison and compromise the integrity and security of the facility, its staff, and prisoners.
Currently, there are not any full proof ways to abolish smuggling contraband into jails and prisons. Whether you are a visitor, inmate, or prison officer, all must join efforts in combating the entrance and impact of contraband in correctional facilities. We leave you with some interesting and controversial videos about prison contraband.
(Disclaimer: Cell Block Legendz does not own the rights to these videos.)
Surprising Ways Inmates Have Snuck Contraband into Prison
Former Inmate "Lucky" Talks Prison Contraband
An Inside Look At Prison Contraband
Musumeci, N. (2018). Smuggling Contraband Into NYC Jails Has
Never Been Easier. Retrieved from New York Post.
Ransom, J. (2018). Women Describe Invasive Strip Searches on Visits
to City Jails. Retrieved from New York Times.
Did you like or get new knowledge about prison contraband from this blog article? If so, share it with a friend. Thank you!
For more information about prison contraband and the criminal justice system, click on the link below:
(Disclaimer: Affiliate Advertising. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.)
Wake Up and Smell the Contraband: A Guide to Improving Prison Safety: Second Edition (Paperback) by LRP
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John Dunphy is a 23 year veteran of the Tampa Bay industrial market and is currently responsible for the Tampa Bay industrial team which handles occupier and investment sales for the greater Tampa Bay MSA.
Scott has specialized in the sale and leasing of Pinellas County Industrial property for over 10 years. During this time he has been responsible for transactions totalling over $100 Million in value.
Annie has 11 years of experience in both commercial and residential property management specializing in industrial/flex and retail properties. She is currently responsible for overseeing a portfolio of industrial/flex properties in the Tampa Bay and Orlando markets.


In the life of a small press, some things cannot be said and certainly not as a blog post where truth, lies and gossip are often equal partners. This means some unspoken stories go to the grave with their tellers.
Perversely I correct people who say Karren Alenier is The Word Works or The Word Works belongs to Karren Alenier because it started with her.
Fact: Wandering on the Outside by Karren LaLonde Alenier was the first book published by The Word Works. The year was 1975. Deirdra Baldwin as founding director and chairperson of the board created The Word Works at the end of 1974 with her brother-in-law Paris Christopher Pacchione, a graphic artist. They made up the board of directors along with Yolanda Gerritsen, a Dutch citizen married to the American lawyer Roy Nierenberg who nailed down nonprofit status for Word Works.
When Deirdra showed up in 1975 at my house on Bradley Boulevard in Chevy Chase to ask for the manuscript that would become my first book, I hadn't seen her in some months. The truth was I was fed up with her and the antics of a man named Jim Morrisette, the same man who claimed he was calling Ezra Pound in the middle of the night but Pound was always willing to talk to him. Perhaps I misheard but Pound had died in 1972. Morrisette was just looking for his next drink. Yolanda said Jim had fallen backwards out his chair at the Childe Harold during a planning meeting Deirdra had called.
Why did Deirdra pick me as the first author? She believed I knew more people than anyone else she had in mind and therefore would sell more books boosting the small seed grant from an anonymous donor (yes, here is one of those secrets). Her plan was that sale of my book with a foreword from her would fund the next book. It worked. Paul Revenko-Jones' the end of the hand (1975) with a foreword from me came next. After that, Word Works got two National Endowment for the Arts grants and published In Praise of Secrecy (1977) by John Wellman, The Emerging Detail (1977) by Deirdra Baldwin, and The Unicorn and the Garden (1978) edited by Betty Parry.
Of course this is only a surface. Every book takes a pound of flesh out of the people involved in producing them. There are many stories that could be told, but not now and maybe never. But one thing to know—The Word Works is a literary organization, not just a publishing house. Our creating papers mandate that we provide an educational component and we do that through our public programs. Come to Café Muse at the Friendship Heights Village Center if you want to know more. I might whisper something in your ear.


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Deadly Impulse (Detective Madison Knight Series Book 6) by Carolyn Arnold
Deadly Impulse (Detective Madison Knight Series Book 6)
by Carolyn Arnold
Looks aren't the only things that can be deceiving…
When a sixty-eight-year-old woman is found dead outside the hospital in a wheelchair with an anti-abortion sign strapped to its back, Detective Madison Knight expects it to be an open-and-shut case. On the surface, there are no signs of foul play, but the deeper she digs, the more convoluted the homicide becomes. And when two more bodies appear, including those of a girl just barely old enough to drink and a homeless man, the direct links between the three murders are anything but simple.
Without a consistent MO, Madison doesn't buy that a serial killer is on the loose, despite the conviction with which her ex-fiancé and fellow detective try to convince their superior. But Madison already has enough to juggle without having to defend her reputation. Debilitating flashbacks of being held hostage by the Russian Mafia mere months before haunt her on an almost daily basis, and the promises she made to herself while in captivity are becoming more and more difficult to keep. Learning to trust is hard enough without constant reminders of what destruction—fatal or otherwise—trusting the wrong person can cause.
Now, as both personal and professional friction within the department mounts, she and her partner, Terry, must figure out what motivation could span generations to cause someone to murder these people. But catching this killer is like grasping at straws, and grabbing the wrong one could mean losing not only her pride but also her boyfriend, her credibility, and her faith in humanity…
Category: Mystery – Hard-Boiled


text:
Indigenous Arts Ecology
Oglala Lakota Artspace
Rolling Rez Arts
Dances with Words
Intercultural Leadership Institute
Fellows Stories, Highlights
First Peoples Fund
THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE HOME
It's time to go home. But where is that? Chris Pappan (Kaw) is from Flagstaff, Ariz. Now he lives in Chicago. But home for him is also Kansas, the ancestral homelands of his people, the people of the south wind.
Chris sees his culture in the ledger art of the past, a distinct form of historical prison art those before him created to tell the world about their home, their people, their ways. His ways. But the art is evolving, growing, connecting the world.
In the 1870s the Fort Marion prisoners — made up of Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho and Caddo warriors — became prolific ledger artists. Like them, Chris can take anything he has and turn it into art. He sees his style in theirs, connecting him to the past as he lives in the present and moves forward into the future. The future for him is a learning process of finding his way back home.
Kansas derives its name from the Kanza, or Kaw, people. In popular culture, Kansas is known as "no place like home." Chris sees this from a different perspective, a much older one than the Wizard of Oz.
But Chris' ledger art — the distorted images and displaced people spread across old maps — takes his home around the world. His art has brought invitations from places like the Kansas Historical Society, and Rainmaker Gallery in Bristol, UK.
Tagged: Chris Pappan, Kaw, Drawings, Ledger Art, Native Art, First Peoples Fund
Newer PostThe Source of Inspiration
Older PostA STORYTELLER WITHOUT WORDS
First Peoples Fund, 706 West Boulevard, Rapid City, SD 57701P (605) 348-0324 F (605) 348-6594info@firstpeoplesfund.org


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Kyle Green on May 10, 2018
In this episode, we talk to Melissa J. Wilde, Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Melissa joins us to discuss her use of comparative historical methods in researching and writing her forthcoming book Birth of the Culture Wars. During our conversation, Melissa reflects on questions of generalizability, the authors responsibility for how and who uses the published research, and how the methodological approach can unsettle many of our preconceived notions of modern culture including religious divides around race, gender, and fertility.
http://files.thesocietypages.org/downloads/GMAC_Wilde.mp3
Sarah Esther Lageson on January 20, 2016
In this episode, we talk with Alejandro Baer, Associate Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at the University of Minnesota.
In this study, Alejandro and his colleagues sought to understand the specific discourse around anti-semitic sentiments amongst different cultural groups in Spain. To study this difficult to measure construct, the researchers created homogenous discussion groups of 7 to 9 people, led by a trained moderator. Participants were of similar demographics, leading to a 'group discourse mode' that revealed the structures of meaning different groups use to discuss their views on minority groups.
"When you design your groups, they have to be internally homogenous and externally heterogeneous. All of the individuals of one group share certain similarities in terms of age, political orientation, or of religious origin. You cannot put together left wing activists with conservative religious individuals of a totally different age. That's not the idea. We want to capture the discourse they will share, not what makes them different.
– Alejandro Baer –
http://files.thesocietypages.org/downloads/Baer_Discussion_Groups.m4a
Kyle Green on August 7, 2015
In this episode, we are joined by co-authors David Scott FitzGerald, Associate Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies at the University of California at San Diego and David Cook-Martín, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Grinnell College and director of its Center for International Studies. We discuss the historical, comparative approach that the two employed in their book Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas, for which they conducted analysis of legal records of twenty-two countries between 1790 and 2010.
"Getting access to the so-called hidden transcripts, as James Scott would call them, was difficult. That was something that came out of our archival work. We didn't set out expecting to find the volume of such secret confidentials that we came up with. Some of the more exciting archival research that we did was to uncover some documents that had never been reported before in either the English or Spanish language literature. For example, there are some confidential restrictions on Chinese in Mexico that I found in the archives in Mexico City, where some of the documents were written partially in cypher. Then I found other documents that de-coded that and showed that it referred specifically to Chinese. David found some similar documents that have never been written about before in the archives in Argentina."
– David Scott FitzGerald & David Cook-Martín –
http://files.thesocietypages.org/downloads/GMAC19_Fitzgerald_and_Martin_on_Comparative_Historical_Research.mp3


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Photoferroelectrics are materials in which their ferroelectricity can be
affected by exposure to light. We propose a device that works as a charge
pump based on the photoferroelectric effect. Varying light intensity cycles a
photoferroelectric working material through various electric polarization states and the
associated charge in the external circuit is pumped from low to high potential.

A body with a uniform (ferroelectric) polarization $\bm{P}\s{s}^0$
has zero polarization charge density in the bulk, $\rho\s{pol} = - \bm{\nabla}\cdot
\bm{P}\s{s}^0 = 0$, while the surface charge density associated with
the change of polarization from its finite bulk value to zero on traversing the surface
cutting $\bm{P}\s{s}^0$ is given by $\sigma\s{pol} = P\s{s}^0$.
Figure~\ref{fig1} shows this $\sigma\s{pol}$ associated with truncating
$\bm{P}\s{s}^0$.  Such a layer of charge $\sigma\s{pol}$ creates an internal electric field
$\bm{E}\s{s}^0= - \bm{P}\s{s}^0/\vep_0 \vep$ in the material in this slab geometry,
where $\vep$ is the relative dielectric constant of the material.
In the presence of the electrodes on the surfaces of the slab that are shorted
together ($V_1 = 0$ in Fig.~\ref{fig1}), and the absence of the insulating layers,
external free charges of surface density $\sigma\s{f} = - \sigma_{pol}$
flow to neutralize $\sigma\s{pol}$. These free charges vitiate the field
$\bm{E}\s{s}^0$ between the plates by creating an opposite field, $\bm{E}\s{f}$,
that is in the direction of $\bm{P}\s{s}^0$. See Fig.~\ref{fig1} for counter charge
layers $\pm \sigma\s{f}$ on the bounding electrodes. In fact, they have been further
adjusted from $\mp \sigma\s{pol}$ in order to increase $\bm{E}\s{f}$ so
that the net field matches the actual applied potential $V_1 \ne 0$ instead.
It is such free, external balancing charges we aim to optically pump.

Considering the two electric fields, the voltage $V_1$ can be expressed in the form
\be
V_1 = \int {\rm d}x \left( E\s{f} - E\s{s}^0\right) = \sigma\s{f} \left ( \frac{2b}{\vep_0 \vep_1} + \frac{L}{\vep_0 \vep} \right ) - \frac{P\s{s}^0L}{\vep_0 \vep},
\label{voltdark}
\ee
where $L$ is the thickness of the photoferroelectric sample itself,
$b$ is the thickness of insulating layers inserted between the sample and the electrodes to prevent charge flow,
and $\vep_1$ is the layers' relative dielectric constant.
If $P\s{s}^0$ were now diminished, then the internally-generated field $E\s{s}^0$ would also be diminished.
Now the field associated with the free, formerly partially neutralizing charges, if they cannot
dissipate, generates an increased potential $V\s{on}>V_1$ between the electrodes. This increased potential $V\s{on}$
allows charge pumping.
\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=7.8cm]{Knezevicfig1.eps}
  \caption{A slab of ferroelectric of thickness $L$ with two insulating layers
of thickness $b$ under the bounding electrodes.  A polarization surface charge
layer $\sigma\s{pol}$ associated with truncating the spontaneous polarization
$\bm{P}\s{s}^0$ generates an internal field $\bm{E}\s{s}^0$. A free surface counter
charge layer $\sigma\s{f}$ partially neutralizes the polarization charges to give a
resultant electric field commensurate with an applied voltage $V_1$. The electric
field $\bm{E}\s{f}$ of charges $\sigma\s{f}$ is also indicated.}
  \label{fig1}
\end{figure}

The spontaneous polarization of a photoferroelectric usually decreases~\cite{ikeda:93n,giesselmann:03,giesselmann:04} under light
irradiation as photons are absorbed and modify the polar ordering. Since light
is absorbed the beam is necessarily attenuated and the polarization profile can
no longer be uniform (except when light is powerful enough that $P\s{s}(x) = 0$
at all depths $x$). Then $\bm{\nabla} \cdot \bm{P}\s{s}$ is non-zero also in the bulk,
and polarization charges will emerge inside the sample as well as at the surface.
Consequently a non-uniform electric field $\bm{E}\s{s}(x,t) = -\bm{P}\s{s}(x,t)/\vep_0 \vep$
appears in the sample, where $\bm{P}\s{s}(x,t)$ is the electric polarization at the point $x$
and the illumination time $t$; note that $E\s{s}(x,t) \leq E\s{s}^0$.
As the diode prevents backflow of the charge to the battery (see Fig.~\ref{fig1}),
the resulting voltage $V\s{on}(t)$ between the electrodes will be greater than $V_1$:
\be
V\s{on}(t) = \sigma\s{f} \left ( \frac{2b}{\vep_0 \vep_1} + \frac{L}{\vep_0 \vep} \right )
- \frac{1}{\vep_0 \vep}\int_{-L/2}^{L/2} P\s{s}(x,t) {\rm d} x,
\label{von}
\ee
where the distance $x$ is measured from the center of the sample (Fig.~\ref{fig1}).
Writing $\overline{P\s{s}}(t) = \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} P\s{s}(x,t) {\rm d} x/L$ for
the spatial average of the polarization profile after time $t$, and replacing $\sigma\s{f}$
with the aid of Eqn.~(\ref{voltdark}), we get
\be
V\s{on}(t) = V_1 + \frac{L}{\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon} \left ( P\s{s}^0 - \overline{P\s{s}}(t) \right ).
\label{vonc}
\ee

The described mechanism can be exploited to pump charge from a low to high
voltage battery. Many different materials exhibit photoferroelectric behavior, and
might be potential candidates for use in our device. We therefore
explore the suitability of these materials for a charge pump, optimize their performance by specifying
an appropriate electric circuit, and calculate the efficiency of such pumps.
Our general analysis is applicable to all photoferroelectric materials.
Only our final estimate of the efficiency of the pump will be demonstrated for
particular substances, photoferroelectric liquid crystals.

The circuit diagram of the charge pump is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig2}. The central
component of this circuit is the photoferroelectric sample S placed between transparent conducting
electrodes. The arrangement of diodes is such that the charge can flow from the voltage $V_1$ to
a higher voltage $V_2$ only. We shall describe how the electric polarization varies during a cycle.
\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=7.8cm]{Knezevicfig2.eps}
  \caption{Charge pump diagram with S being the photoferroelectric sample.
 Charge is pumped from the battery $V_1$ to higher voltage $V_2$.}
  \label{fig2}
\end{figure}

The photoferroelectric sample S in the dark state is connected to the voltage $V_1$.
When light is shone on the sample, the electric polarization decreases and the voltage
across the electrodes is increased above the value $V_1$,
with charge on the electrodes being fixed (the left diode prevents backflow of
charge). As the electric polarization further decreases, the voltage across the electrodes
increases until it reaches the value $V_2$.
Then the charge starts to flow through the right diode, which leads to its
being pumped into battery $V_2$ at constant voltage (Fig.~\ref{fig2}). If the
connection of the sample with the battery $V_2$ were absent, the voltage across the sample
would rise to a value we simply denote by $V\s{on}$ corresponding to $V\s{on}(t)$ with
$t=t\s{on}$, the duration of the illumination phase of the cycle.

The charge transferred to the battery $V_2$ is equal to $\Delta q = C (V\s{on} - V_2)$, where
$C$ is the total capacitance of the sample.
There are two insulating layers of capacitance $C\s{b}$ and a liquid crystal of
capacitance $C\s{L}$ connected in series. The equivalent capacitance is given
by $1/C = 2/C\s{b} + 1/C\s{L} = (2b/\vep_1 + L/\vep)/(\vep_0 A)$, where $A$ is the area of the electrode.
Taking into account that $b \ll L$, and typically $\vep \sim \vep_1$, one
gets a simple expression $C= \vep_0 \vep A/L$.

Upon switching off the light, the spontaneous polarization will evolve to a new
state. Here, we shall suppose that it recovers its initial dark state value; this, in
particular, holds for a large class of photoferroelectric liquid crystals.
As the polarization increases in time, for a constant value of the
charge on the electrodes, the voltage across the sample starts to decrease from
its value $V_2$. When the voltage drops to $V_1$, new charges will start to flow from the left battery
to maintain the voltage $V_1$ across the electrodes. Finally, the charge on the electrodes recovers its
value at the beginning of the cycle. This cycle is reminiscent of an optical charge pump based on a
capacitance that is optically variable.~\cite{hiscock:11} In practice, a self-priming circuit~\cite{mckay:10}
would avoid exhausting battery $V_1$.

The same total charge $\Delta q $ pumped into the battery $V_2$ is
supplied by $V_1$ to the electrodes during recovery process. Thus, the work
output $W$ of this charge pump is $W = \Delta q (V_2 - V_1)= \Delta q \Delta V$, which gives
\be
W = \vep_0 \vep \frac{A}{L} \Delta V \left [ \frac{L}{\vep_0 \vep} \left (
P\s{s}^0 - \overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on}) \right ) - \Delta V \right ].
\label{work}
\ee
We can maximize this output with respect to the voltage difference
$\Delta V$. Using the condition ${\rm d}W/{\rm d} \Delta V = 0$, we get the
optimal choice of voltage difference
\be
(V_2 - V_1)\sp{opt} = \frac{L}{2 \vep_0 \vep} \left ( P\s{s}^0 -
\overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on}) \right ) = \frac{V\s{on} - V_1}{2}.
\label{ovolt}
\ee
Since to pump charge we require the open circuit developed voltage to exceed
that of the upper battery, that is $V_2 < V\s{on}$, or equivalently $V_2 - V_1
< V\s{on} - V_1$, we see that the above choice of voltage difference is
allowed. Thus, for given voltages $V_1$ and $V\s{on}$, the optimal $V_2$ is
\be
V_2\sp{opt} = \frac{V_1 + V\s{on}}{2}.
\label{optimal}
\ee
The maximum output $W\s{m}$ is then
\be
W\s{m} = \frac{AL}{4 \vep_0 \vep} \left ( P\s{s}^0 - \overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on})
\right )^2.
\label{owork}
\ee
Output is therefore higher if the dark state polarization $P\s{s}^0$ and the average value
of the polarization profile $\overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on})$ in the illuminated state differ more, that is if as
much polarization as possible is lost. The work delivered depends on the volume $AL$ of the working material.

If $I\s{sun}$ is the incident solar flux, and $U\s{in}$ is the energy input per unit volume of the sample
required to transform the polarization state of the working material, then $t\s{on}$ is determined by
energy balance $I\s{sun} A t\s{on} = U\s{in} A L$. The period of a cycle $\tau = t\s{on} + t\s{off}
= U\s{in}L/I\s{sun} + t\s{off}$ then follows. Here, $t\s{off}$ is the characteristic time for relaxation of polarization
to its dark state value. The power efficiency is then $\eta = W\s{m}/(\tau I\s{sun} A)$.

The power efficiency of this cycle is significantly reduced, due to the fact that no work is
done during the time $t\s{off}$. To avoid such kind of difficulties one can use an array of
photoferroelectric samples.
They could be sequentially illuminated and then allowed to relax back to the dark state,
either via a movable focusing mirror, or by rotating an array of samples.
It is clear, however, that the described setting will reduce to some extent the desired enhancement of power efficiency.
As typically $t\s{on} < t\s{off}$, one should use an array of at least $m=t\s{off}/t\s{on}$ samples.
For such a device the power efficiency $\eta$ is given by the above formula, but in which the cycle
time $\tau$ is equal to $t\s{on}$, that is
\be
\eta = \frac{W\s{m}}{U\s{in}AL} = \frac{(P\s{s}^0 - \overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on}))^2}{4\vep_0 \vep U\s{in}}.
\label{eta}
\ee
To obtain a numerical estimate of the power efficiency (\ref{eta}) we confine ourselves to photoferroelectric
liquid crystals, the main properties of which we sketch.

Liquid crystals are anisotropic fluids which usually consist of rod-like molecules. The
liquid-crystalline states are observed at temperatures between the solid state and the
ordinary isotropic liquid state.
In the simplest nematic phase long-range translational order is absent, but the
long molecular axes are orientationally ordered, on average about a unit axial vector $\bm{n}$, the director.
In addition to nematic orientational order, the molecules in smectic phases are arranged into
layers. In the smectic A phase (SmA), the molecules are organized as two-dimensional anisotropic
liquids within the layers, with the nematic director $\bm{n}$ being parallel to the normal $\bm{k}$
of the layers. In the smectic C phase (SmC), $\bm{n}$ is no longer parallel to $\bm{k}$, but is
tilted by an angle $\theta$ with respect to $\bm{k}$ (Fig.~\ref{fig3}). The tilt angle $\theta$ is a function
of temperature $T$. At a given $T$, the director $\bm{n}$ is located on the surface of a cone
centered around $\bm{k}$ with opening angle $\theta(T)$.
\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=7.2cm]{Knezevicfig3.eps}
  \caption{A smectic C* liquid host. Guest dye molecules with a photoactive center indicated by a circle
  are also shown, some of them in the linear (\textit{trans}) state, and others in the bent (\textit{cis})
  excited state.}
  \label{fig3}
\end{figure}

A SmC liquid crystal composed of chiral molecules is referred to as a SmC* (Fig.~\ref{fig3}).
As first pointed out by Meyer~\cite{meyer:75}, the emergence of a (local) spontaneous electric polarization
$\bm{P}\s{s}$ in SmC* is allowed along $\bm{k} \wedge \bm{n}$ since the plane of $\bm{k}$ and
$\bm{n}$ is not a mirror plane. The spontaneous polarization is a function of the tilt angle,~\cite{lagerwallbook:99}
and $P\s{s} \propto \theta$ for small $\theta$.
When the temperature is increased and crosses a threshold value, the SmC* phase most often undergoes a second-order phase
transition to the non-polar SmA* phase.

The spontaneous polarization of a SmC* phase doped with photosensitive molecules (for example, an azo or thioindigo dye) can be
changed by light irradiation;~\cite{ikeda:93n,giesselmann:03} pure systems of dyes have also been used.~\cite{giesselmann:04}
Some dye molecules can make transitions from the linear (\textit{trans}) ground state to the excited bent-shaped
(\textit{cis}) state by absorbing a photon. The \textit{cis} state isomers can disrupt the SmC* ordering,
which leads to a change of $P\s{s}$, whence the name photoferroelectric effect.
If the interaction with light is sufficiently strong it can completely destroy
the SmC* phase, causing a transition to the non-polar SmA* phase.
Dye molecules in the excited \textit{cis} state re-isomerize thermally back to the ground
\textit{trans} state with some characteristic time. Upon removal of light, the electric polarization eventually
regains its initial dark state value.
Recently, it has been argued that the mechanism and details of light absorption are crucial to
understanding the optical depression of electric polarization.~\cite{knezevic:12}
In particular, it has been shown that the spontaneous polarization displays a non-uniform profile through
the sample.

Here we suppose that the sample is confined between two parallel plates so that the smectic
layers are perpendicular to the plates -- the bookshelf geometry (Fig.~\ref{fig4}). The smectic layers usually shrink to some
extent at the tilting transition from the paraelectric SmA* to polar SmC* phase and form a folded chevron
structure.~\cite{rieker:87} Given that materials without substantial layer shrinkage~\cite{devries:79}
have also been found, in our simple analysis we shall neglect this shrinkage.
Charge pumps made of samples with large electric polarization in the direction perpendicular to
the electrodes have larger efficiency. A perpendicular polarization can be achieved by applying a voltage
between the electrodes. Indeed, a simple extension of the approach of reference [\onlinecite{copic:02}] reveals
that for voltages higher than $V\s{c} = 2 b P\s{s}^0 / (\vep_0 \vep_1)$ the sample's
polarization is perpendicular to the electrodes. For $b=10 \, {\rm nm}$, $\vep_1 = 10$,
and for a SmC* material with $P\s{s}^0 = 550 \, {\rm nC}/{\rm cm}^{2}$ we get a small voltage $V_c = 1.25 \, {\rm V}$.
We see that the polarization will have the required direction provided that the voltage $V_1$
(Fig.~\ref{fig2}) is greater than $V\s{c}$.
\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=6.6cm]{Knezevicfig4.eps}
  \caption{Bookshelf geometry of a SmC* sample with layers normal to the electrodes. The liquid
  crystal situated between glass plates, coated with insulating layers, is placed between two
  electrodes. The spontaneous polarization $\bm{P}\s{s}$ lies in the $xy$--plane, that is, in the
  plane of the smectic layers. To ensure that the polarization is directed along the $x$ axis,
  a voltage across the electrodes higher than $V\s{c} = 2b P\s{s}^0/(\vep_0 \vep_1)$ is needed.}
  \label{fig4}
\end{figure}

Typically one deals with SmC* hosts doped with dye molecules, whose number fraction
is a few percent. The behavior of the average polarization after time $t\s{on}$ can be described
theoretically.~\cite{knezevic:12} Here we shall simply suppose that the light is sufficiently
intense so that there is a time $t\s{on}$($<t\s{off}$) such that $\overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on})$ vanishes.
In other words, we can regard $t\s{on}$ as the minimal time needed for a sufficient depletion of the \textit{trans}
dye population to eliminate the polarization.
Taking $\overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on})=0$, formula (\ref{vonc}) for the voltage $V\s{on}$ reduces to
$V\s{on} = V_1 + LP\s{s}^0/\vep_0 \vep$.
For instance for a SmC* material with $P\s{s}^0 = 550 \, {\rm nC}/{\rm cm}^{2}$ and $\vep = 4$ in a cell of
thickness $L = 2 \, \mu {\rm m}$ one obtains a $V\s{on}-V_1 \approx 310 \, {\rm V}$, which is much larger
than $V_1$. Therefore, the optimal voltage $V_2$ is $V_2\sp{opt} \approx 155 \, {\rm V}$.

Supposing that $\overline{P\s{s}}(t\s{on})=0$, the efficiency (\ref{eta}) is
\be
\eta = \frac{(P\s{s}^0)^2}{4\vep_0 \vep U\s{in}}.
\label{etak}
\ee
Provided that $t\s{on}$ is shorter than the characteristic time of thermal
recovery of spontaneous polarization, and the process of back photoconversion from the \textit{cis} to the
\textit{trans} state of dye molecules can be neglected, the input energy can be expressed as $U\s{in} = n\s{d} \hbar \omega$.
Here $n\s{d}$ is the number of \textit{trans} dye molecules per unit volume that need to be
converted to \textit{cis} to eliminate $\overline{P\s{s}}$, and $\hbar \omega$ is the energy each
dye molecule absorbs from the light beam.

To get a numerical estimate of the efficiency we take as an example a polar SmC* host W314
doped with a few mol$\%$ of a racemic mixture of W470 azo dyes~\cite{walba:91,lanham:99, *chang:00}
(higher dye loadings lead to lower conversion due to flux attenuation~\cite{giesselmann:04,knezevic:12}). These two compounds have a
very similar structure, the N=N double bond of W470 being the only difference. The polarization
of the W314 host at $T=31 \, {}^{\circ} {\rm C}$ is roughly $550 \, {\rm nC}/{\rm cm}^2$ and is one of the highest outside bent-core
molecules.~\cite{niori:96} The \textit{trans} absorption maximum of W470 dyes is located at $365 \, {\rm nm}$,
which corresponds to photons of $3.4 \, {\rm eV}$. We assume that the quantum efficiency for the
\textit{trans} to \textit{cis} transition is equal to $1$. The relative molecular mass of W314
is $603$, and assuming a density of roughly $10^3 \, {\rm kg}/{\rm m}^3$, we obtain
a total molecular number density $n\s{tot} = 10^{27} \, {\rm molecules}/{\rm m}^3$.
If only, say, $2\%$ of molecules need to be converted to \textit{cis} to eliminate the polarization,
we obtain $n\s{d} = 2 \times 10^{25} \, {\rm molecules}/{\rm m}^3$. Taking the dielectric constant of W314 in the direction
perpendicular to the director $\bm{n}$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig4}) as $\vep = 4$, the efficiency (\ref{etak}) is $\eta \approx 2\%$.
Multiple layers with different dyes which absorb photons of different energies would
capture more of the broad solar spectrum.
A gradient of dye species can be stabilized by bonding them into an elastomeric SmC* host
-- a loosely linked solid that is still able to change its degree of order.
Such solids also reduce the risk of charge transport under fields ($V_2/L$ here) as in
dielectric actuation using rubber.~\cite{mckay:10}
Lower energy photons would give correspondingly higher efficiencies $\eta \sim 2-5\%$.

Let us briefly consider the case of a non-zero polarization profile through the sample.
We adopt a simple model for this profile, namely, we assume
that the polarization is eliminated in a layer of thickness $\Delta L$, while in the rest of the sample it is uniform
and equal to the dark state polarization $P\s{s}^0$. Then we can write
$\overline{P\s{s}} = \int_0^L P\s{s}(x) {\rm d} x/L = P\s{s}^0(L-\Delta L)/L$. As
$I\s{sun} t\s{on} A$ can be roughly estimated as $U\s{in} A \Delta L$,
for the power efficiency we get $\eta = (P\s{s}^0)^2 \Delta L/(4 \vep_0 \vep U\s{in} L)$.
The efficiency is, therefore, reduced by a factor of $\Delta L/L$ with respect to (\ref{etak}).

Our pump could equally work on cycles of temperature change that change the spontaneous
polarization. In this case the input energy is $U\s{in} = n\s{tot} \int C(T) {\rm d} T$, where
$C(T)$ is the specific heat per molecule at temperature $T$, and the integral goes from the dark state
temperature of ferroelectric material to the temperature where the spontaneous polarization is
eliminated (SmC*-SmA* phase transition temperature for liquid crystals).
The heat that is unavoidably generated by optical absorption thus adds to the efficiency
of our optical energy harvester.

In summary, we have proposed a light-powered charge pump for energy conversion, using a photoferroelectric
working material. The efficiency is explicitly given, which makes clear directions for further increase.

M.K. thanks the Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability and the Cambridge Overseas Trust for financial support, and M.W. thanks the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) for a Senior Fellowship. The authors thank
David Walba for advice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Jones P. Veazie House is a historic house at 88 Fountain Street in Bangor, Maine.  Built in 1874–75, it is one of a small number of works of Bangor native George W. Orff to survive in the state, and is one of its finest examples of Second Empire architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Description and history
The Veazie House is set on the west side of Fountain Street, in a residential area north of Bangor's central business district.  It is a -story wood-frame structure, finished in flushboarded siding, and with a mansard roof.  A -story tower, topped by a mansard roof with iron cresting, projects from the center of the south-facing facade.  The tower is flanked on the first floor by porches extending to the sides of the house.  The porch features a low elaborately-jigsawn balustrade, and brackets that are longer than those typical for the style.  The corners of the house have paneled pilasters, and the main roof's cornice is irregularly studded with brackets.  The windows in the dormers of the main roof and the tower have elaborate surrounds.

The land for this house was purchased by Jones P. Veazie in 1866, but the building was not started until 1874, and was finished in 1875, the year of Veazie's death.  The building is one of eighteen known designs in Maine by Bangor native George W. Orff, who was trained in Boston and spent many years working in Minneapolis, Minnesota.  This is one of the best-preserved of the few of these buildings to survive.  Jones P. Veazie was a prominent local businessman who founded the Bangor Gazette.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Penobscot County, Maine

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Second Empire architecture in Maine
Houses completed in 1874
Houses in Bangor, Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Bangor, Maine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NGV Women's Association presents Art of Dining: Best of the Best 2019 bringing together 44 spectacular tables designed by Australia's leading artists, interior designers, couturiers, florists, stylists and retailers. Visitors will view tables from the whimsical to the avant-garde celebrating creativity and innovation in dining design. A stellar line up of Creatives are generously donating their rare and wonderful talent including Flack Studio, Craft Victoria, Flowers Vasette and Hecker Guthrie. A must for design aficionados.


text:
Police locate missing woman last seen at Shephard's Beach Resort
Sea turtle found dead with spear through its head at Florida national park
(Photo: Biscayne National Park)
HOMESTEAD, Fla. (WFLA) — Wildlife officials and federal investigators are looking into the death of a sea turtle that was found with a spear through its head near Biscayne National Park, The Miami Herald reported.
The green sea turtle was found Friday afternoon near Elliot Key by a group of anglers fishing the flats, a park's service law enforcement ranger said.
The animal had been poached, according to park officials who are trying to find the person responsible.
Sea turtles are a threatened or endangered species. Killing a sea turtle can result in a criminal conviction. Offenders can also be tried civilly. Anyone who is convicted may face up to one year in prison and/or a maximum fine of $100,000.
Those with information about the dead sea turtle are being asked to call National Park Service investigators at 305-242-7740.
Police: Woman jabbed at Florida sea turtle nest with stick
GRAPHIC: Alligator spotted with knife in its head
Deputies: Florida man ran over dog on purpose, killing the animal
CLEARWATER, Fla. (WFLA) -The Clearwater Police Department has located 23-year-old Gabriella Elisa Lora who was last seen at Shephard's Beach Resort late Sunday night.
Clearwater police say Lora was located in Hillsborough County and is okay.


text:
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Various community activity and outreach programs play a role to decrease and prevent crime and violence. An educational activity such as chess can play a vital role to empower and uplift a community and to keep children from the streets, away from drugs, alcohol, violence and other criminal activities.
How can chess help you to develop a life skill such as thinking ahead to fight crime?
In chess the learners are taught to think ahead and not just to make any move. Every move you make on the chess board must count – from the very first move in the opening game right through the middle game till the very last move in the end game you must think ahead. If not, the game is over and you are in checkmate! The same applies to fighting crime in communities. The criminals want to take ground of the "neighbourhood chess board" through their criminal moves, such as pushing drugs to school children. Developing the skill of thinking ahead can help our children to make the right moves and not become involve in drugs and drug related criminal activities.
In Diagram 1 white moved her pawn from square g2 to g4. Black capitalised on white's bad choice and moved her Queen to g4 to put white in checkmate!
What should white have done to prevent checkmate? By thinking ahead and weighing-up a few options she should have moved her pawn from square g2 to g3 (Diagram 2). Black's Queen would then not be able to execute Qh4++.
Why is it so important to think ahead in real life as in chess?
If you do not think ahead and make the wrong moves (choices), such as taking drugs, the game is over and you are in checkmate! Drug abuse has both legal and health consequences!
Push chess pieces, not drugs! Do not lose the game of life through crime checkmate! Do not let crime checkmate you, checkmate crime! Think ahead!


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text:
L'incidente ferroviario di Caluso fu uno scontro di treni avvenuto il 10 giugno 1992 sulla ferrovia Chivasso-Ivrea-Aosta.

Dinamica dei fatti
Il 10 giugno 1992, alle ore 15:22, il treno diretto proveniente da Torino e diretto ad Aosta, dopo essere transitato alla velocità di circa 70 km/h dalla stazione di Caluso si scontrò, circa 150 m dopo, con il treno locale da Aosta fermo all'uscita della galleria Caluso in attesa della via libera. L'urto fu molto violento: la carrozza di testa si impennò contro la locomotiva del treno locale e, perso il carrello anteriore, impattò contro il portale della galleria, mentre le restanti carrozze si incastrarono l'una contro l'altra. Trovarono la morte il macchinista del diretto e cinque persone che si trovavano nelle carrozze. I vigili del fuoco intervenuti dovettero tagliare molte delle lamiere contorte per estrarre i corpi delle vittime ed i feriti, che vennero portati negli ospedali di Torino, Ivrea e Chivasso.

I treni coinvolti
 Treno diretto n. 2449, partito da Torino alle ore 14:20 e diretto ad Aosta. Composizione: carrozze medie distanze e locomotiva in coda.
 Treno locale n. 10370 partito da Aosta alle ore 13:05 e diretto a Chivasso (arrivo d'orario a Caluso alle 14:51).

L'inchiesta
L'inchiesta avviata si presentò difficile. La linea tra Chivasso ed Aosta era gestita dal Genio ferrovieri e, pur essendo dotata di Blocco elettrico manuale ed ACEI, era stata soggetta a diversi guasti a causa di forti intemperie le cui riparazioni si erano dilungate. Nella stazione di Caluso sarebbe dovuto avvenire l'incrocio fra i due treni ed il treno locale, in ritardo, era stato fermato al segnale di protezione. Il treno diretto, che non aveva fermata prevista d'orario a Caluso, avrebbe dovuto essere fermato in stazione per procedere all'incrocio, ma proseguì la corsa a piena velocità fino all'impatto.

Una perizia tecnica non dissipò tutti i dubbi sull'operato dei capistazione. A causa dei guasti agli apparati elettrici la circolazione si era svolta a regime telefonico, con dispacci registrati. I treni viaggiavano quindi con vari ritardi; i conseguenti spostamenti di incrocio generarono l'errore umano che portò alla tragedia .

Le indagini del procuratore di Ivrea, Bruno Tinti, attribuirono le cause del disastro ad una serie di errori commessi dai due capistazione militari di Caluso e Candia Canavese.

Nel febbraio del 1994 venne emessa la sentenza di condanna a due anni di reclusione per i due caporalmaggiori del Genio ferrovieri; il presidente del tribunale, Franco Boggio, ordinò un supplemento di indagine per accertare eventuali responsabilità da parte di terzi.

Note

Voci correlate
Incidenti ferroviari in Italia

Caluso
Caluso
Ferrovia Chivasso-Ivrea-Aosta


text:
Orrick Continues Growth of London Private Equity Platform with Duo of Rising Stars
September.11.2018
Orrick announced today that the firm has continued the growth of our fast-expanding London and European private equity platform with the additions of James Connor from Simpson Thacher and Daniel Wayte from Milbank.
"Private equity is a strategic priority for us and is essential to our focus on the tech, energy & infrastructure and finance sectors. We're thrilled to be growing our team with talent of the caliber of James and Dan, who have experience representing some of the most active players in this market," said Kolvin Stone, Orrick's London office leader.
"We have real momentum in our pan-European M&A and private equity practice, and this is another tremendous step forward in executing our London corporate growth strategy," noted London Head of Corporate Anthony Riley, who was the most active lawyer in the UK M&A market last year (Mergermarket).
James and Dan's additions bring Orrick's 2018 lateral hires to 36, including six in London.
James Connor
James' practice focuses on corporate transactions, including both private M&A and public company takeovers, equity capital markets (including IPOs), and a variety of English company law and listed company and corporate governance matters. He has represented private equity firms, investment banks and corporate clients across a range of industries. In the private equity space, James has regularly acted for KKR, Blackstone, Arle Capital Partners, CVC and First Reserve and their portfolio companies. He notably advised KKR and Pets at Home Group plc on Pets at Home's London main market IPO, KKR's first and only IPO of a portfolio company in the UK. More recently, James has advised Melrose Industries PLC on its £8.1 billion hostile takeover of GKN plc, Twenty-First Century Fox on aspects of its competitive offer for Sky plc, Groupe Fnac SA on its contested acquisition of Darty plc, and Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan on Michael Kors's acquisition of Jimmy Choo plc. James began his career at Slaughter and May before moving to Simpson Thacher.
Daniel Wayte
Dan's practice covers a broad range of cross-border and domestic M&A, corporate and securities matters. He advises on private and public M&A, joint ventures, minority and preferred equity investments and equity capital markets and corporate governance matters. Dan has also worked extensively with upper and mid-market private equity and hedge fund clients, as well as investment banks and companies, and across many different industry sectors. Clients for whom he has acted include Terra Firma, KKR, NCB Capital, EIG Global Energy Partners, Anchorage Capital and Highbridge. Recent highlights include advising Terra Firma on its sale of AWAS Aviation to Dubai Aerospace Enterprise, KKR Credit on a joint venture with Urban Exposure to provide finance for UK residential developments and NCB Capital on an aircraft leasing joint venture with Aercap. Dan is recognized by Legal 500 UK for Upper Mid-Market M&A. He began his career at Slaughter and May before moving to Milbank.
About Orrick's Private Equity and M&A Practice
Orrick is a top 15 M&A firm globally (Mergermarket). Advisors to seven of the top 15 global private equity funds, our team completed more than 320 deals in 2017. We are the #5 most active firm for private equity in Europe and #3 for private equity in the energy sector globally (PitchBook, 2017). Additionally, Orrick ranked as the most active venture capital law firm in Europe for the 10th quarter in a row, and #3 globally for the second quarter of 2018 (PitchBook).
These additions continue a year of focused investment for Orrick. Most recently, the firm added acquisition finance partner Christine Kaniak from Kirkland & Ellis in Munich and tax partner Laurent Olléon from the Conseil d'Etat in Paris. Other London hires this year have included: energy-focused private equity practitioner Paul Doris from Watson Farley, energy disputes lawyer Mark Beeley from Vinson & Elkins, international arbitration practitioner James Hargrove from Eversheds, and European tech rising star Ali Ramadan from Bird & Bird.
James Connor Partner, Mergers & Acquisitions, Corporate Governance
D: +44 20 7862 4687
Transactions Sector
James Connor Partner Mergers & Acquisitions, Corporate Governance
James' practice focuses on corporate transactions, including both public company takeovers and private M&A, equity capital markets (including IPOs), and a variety of English company law and listed company and corporate governance matters.
He has represented private equity firms, investment banks and corporate clients across a range of industries. James has particular experience in English law and UK regulation applicable to UK listed companies.
Daniel Wayte Partner, Mergers & Acquisitions, Corporate Governance
M+44 7713 200 970
M: +44 7713 200 970
Daniel Wayte Partner Mergers & Acquisitions, Corporate Governance
Dan advises companies and funds on M&A (public and private) and private equity investments, including growth equity, structured equity and complex joint ventures, particularly in the technology, financial services and energy and infrastructure sectors.
He is recommended by Legal 500 2021 and described as "[thinking] through highly complex structure and documentation issues without losing sight of the commercial objectives" and "an insightful negotiator" (Legal 500, Upper Mid-Market M&A, 2018 and 2017).
Prior to Orrick, Dan worked in the corporate teams at Milbank and Slaughter and May.