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text:
package org.pentaho.hadoop.shim.common;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

public class DriverProxyInvocationChainTest {

  @BeforeClass
  public static void setupBeforeClass() throws Exception {
    DriverProxyInvocationChain.driverProxyClassLoader = DriverProxyInvocationChainTest.class.getClassLoader();
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void teardownAfterClass() {

  }

  @Before
  public void setup() throws Exception {
    DriverProxyInvocationChain.init();
  }

  @After
  public void teardown() {

  }

  @Test
  public void testInitCompletes() {
    DriverProxyInvocationChain.setInitialized( false );
    assertFalse( DriverProxyInvocationChain.isInitialized() );
    DriverProxyInvocationChain.init();
    assertTrue( DriverProxyInvocationChain.isInitialized() );
  }

  @Test
  public void testInitHive1Classes() {
    assertTrue( DriverProxyInvocationChain.isInitialized() );
    if ( Boolean.parseBoolean( System.getProperty( "org.pentaho.hadoop.shims.check.hive1", "true" ) ) ) {
      assertNotNull( DriverProxyInvocationChain.hive1DbMetaDataClass );
      assertNotNull( DriverProxyInvocationChain.hive1ResultSetClass );
      assertNotNull( DriverProxyInvocationChain.hive1ClientClass );
      assertNotNull( DriverProxyInvocationChain.hive1StatementClass );
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testGetProxyNotNull() throws Exception {
    assertTrue( DriverProxyInvocationChain.isInitialized() );
    if ( Boolean.parseBoolean( System.getProperty( "org.pentaho.hadoop.shims.check.hive1", "true" ) ) ) {
      // Create Hive driver
      Driver hiveDriver = new HiveDriver();
      // Create proxy to driver
      Driver driver = DriverProxyInvocationChain.getProxy( Driver.class, hiveDriver );
      assertNotNull( driver );
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testHiveConnectionIsReadOnly() throws SQLException {
    assertTrue( DriverProxyInvocationChain.isInitialized() );
    // Create Hive driver
    Driver hiveDriver = mock( HiveDriver.class );

    // Create proxy to driver
    Driver proxiedDriver = DriverProxyInvocationChain.getProxy( Driver.class, hiveDriver );

    String URL = "jdbc:hive://localhost:8020/default";

    // Get mock of original connection, inject the usual SQLException (Method not supported)
    Connection connectionMock = mock( Connection.class );
    doReturn( mock( Statement.class ) ).when( connectionMock ).createStatement();

    doReturn( connectionMock ).when( hiveDriver ).connect( URL, null );
    Connection hiveConnection = hiveDriver.connect( URL, null );
    assertNotNull( "The real Hive connection should be valid!", hiveConnection );
    doThrow( new SQLException( "Method not supported" ) ).when( hiveConnection ).isReadOnly();

    // Get connection via proxy
    Connection proxiedConnection = proxiedDriver.connect( URL, null );
    assertNotNull( "The proxied Hive connection should be valid!", proxiedConnection );

    // Allow a SQLException with "Method not supported" for the original driver
    try {
      hiveConnection.isReadOnly();
    } catch ( SQLException sqlException ) {
      assertEquals( sqlException.getMessage(), "Method not supported" );
    }

    // Do not allow a SQLException for the proxied driver
    try {
      assertFalse( proxiedConnection.isReadOnly() );
    } catch ( SQLException sqlException ) {
      fail( "No exception should be thrown for isReadOnly(), expecting false" );
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testDatabaseSelected() throws SQLException {
    Driver driverMock = mock( HiveDriver.class );
    Driver driverProxy = DriverProxyInvocationChain.getProxy( Driver.class, driverMock );

    Connection connectionMock = mock( Connection.class );
    doReturn( connectionMock ).when( driverMock ).connect( anyString(), (Properties) isNull() );

    Statement statementMock = mock( Statement.class );
    doReturn( statementMock ).when( connectionMock ).createStatement();

    driverProxy.connect( "jdbc:hive://host:port/dbName", null );
    verify( statementMock ).execute( "use dbName" );
  }

  @Test
  public void testGetTablesWithSchema() throws SQLException {
    Class hive2;
    try {
      hive2 = Class.forName( "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDatabaseMetaData" );
    } catch ( ClassNotFoundException e ) {
      return;
    }
    if ( hive2 != null ) {
      Driver driverMock = mock( HiveDriver.class );
      Driver driverProxy = DriverProxyInvocationChain.getProxy( Driver.class, driverMock );

      Connection connectionMock = mock( Connection.class );
      doReturn( connectionMock ).when( driverMock ).connect( anyString(), (Properties) isNull() );

      Statement statementMock = mock( Statement.class );
      doReturn( statementMock ).when( connectionMock ).createStatement();

      ResultSet resultSet = mock( ResultSet.class );
      doReturn( resultSet ).when( statementMock ).executeQuery( anyString() );

      DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaDataMock = (DatabaseMetaData) mock( hive2 );
      doReturn( databaseMetaDataMock ).when( connectionMock ).getMetaData();

      String schema = "someSchema";
      doThrow( new SQLException( "Method is not supported" ) ).when( databaseMetaDataMock )
        .getTables( null, schema, null, null );

      Connection conn = driverProxy.connect( "jdbc:hive://host:port/dbName", null );

      conn.getMetaData().getTables( null, schema, null, null );
      verify( statementMock ).execute( "use dbName" );
      verify( statementMock ).executeQuery( "show tables in " + schema );
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Public Health (Alcohol) Bill 2015: Second Stage
I welcome the Minister to the House on this, our penultimate day of term. I heartily welcomed the initiation of the Public Health (Alcohol) Bill. As did Senator Burke, I participated in the hearings of Oireachtas Joint Committee on Health and Children on the scrutiny of the heads of the Bill. We covered the aspects of the Bill and I thank the Minister for taking on many of the committee's recommendations in what we see today. It does show pre-legislative scrutiny works. The Bill is about reducing alcohol-related harm, improving people's health and, ultimately, saving children's lives. From my reading, a children's rights focus is evident throughout the Bill.
I acknowledge and thank the Alcohol Health Alliance Ireland, which is spearheaded by the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and Alcohol Action Ireland, for its work and advice to me in this area. In all of our debates on alcohol, even those on reducing the alcohol-related harm which we all agree is extensive and needs tackling, we feel we need to clarify that we are not anti-alcohol. This is because our relationship with alcohol is so twisted into our culture and psyche we do not wish to be portrayed as judgmental and anti-fun. I have been rapporteur for two EU reports on the issue of alcohol-related harm. I have seen the drinks industry in action first-hand so I have no doubt of the pressure it must have put on the Minister. At EU level, I was on the European Economic and Social Committee, which was small, and the industry tried to silence me and discredit me and undermine the work of the NGO for which I worked. Thankfully, the majority of my colleagues on the committee were willing to stand with me and face down the vested interests and defend the public good. This is what we are trying to do with the Bill.
My entry point to the issue is the impact of alcohol-related harm on children. Four in ten children in Ireland are at risk of being adversely affected by alcohol misuse. Four in ten child protection cases are associated with alcohol misuse. It is a significant contributor to the neglect and abuse of children, to domestic and sexual violence and family breakdown. I welcome the support for the Bill and its harm reduction measures from several sectors of the industry in Ireland, including the vintners' associations, the majority of publicans, the National Off-Licence Association and the C&C Group.
I use the term "drinks industry" but I speak more about the giants who see Ireland as a small pawn in the global drinks industry. The drinks industry speaks about responsible drinking, but the way we drink in Ireland is only responsible for the huge profits the industry makes here every year. As soon as the Minister launched the Bill I could almost hear the smoke machine of the drinks industry spluttering into action and, through its puppet drinkaware.ie, a soon to be launched rebranding of MEAS, talk about the importance of education. We see drinks industry initiatives all the time and the involvement of the drinks industry in public health campaigns despite clear and definitive statements from the World Health Organization that it should have no role in public health initiatives.
Drinkaware.ie is funded by Diageo, Heineken and Irish Distillers. Earlier this year we saw it advertise for an education programme manager to head up an education programme targeting young people, parents and teachers. This is completely inappropriate. If I put it this way, who would entertain the idea of an education programme about the dangers of smoking being designed and delivered by an organisation that is funded by tobacco companies? We cannot let the drinks industry in whatever guise it manifests itself to go into schools and purport to educate our children about the usage of a substance on which its entire profit is made. I hope the Department of Education and Skills takes a firm stance. I have tried to raise this issue several times in the Seanad. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption for children and this is the clear message we must send. We know education informs our behaviour, but it does not influence our behaviour. It is the actions contained in the Bill which will change and reduce alcohol consumption.
I have no doubt that, as has happened in Scotland, the industry will go to court if it feels it can delay or frustrate the implementation of the Bill. In my opinion, this tells us the Minister is on the right track. With regard to sponsorship and sport, the drinks industry spends £800 million a year in the UK on advertising, and research has shown that children there as young as ten are familiar with, and can readily identify, alcohol brands, logos and characters from television. In many instances, recognition was greater for alcohol brands than for non-alcoholic products targeted at children. This tells me a lot. The study also provided new evidence that many children are familiar with the link between alcohol brands and the sports teams and tournaments they sponsor. This is why I welcomed the initiatives the Minister is taking. He knows my position, which is I would love to see a full ban, but I welcome what he is doing in this area to try to reduce the impact on children.
It was very interesting that in the days after the Bill was launched we saw a headline stating it would undermine the rugby World Cup. I cannot see the evidence for this. We have seen the rugby World Cup successfully held in France, which has a ban, and it made a profit. It made me think of FIFA, because it has influenced legislation in Brazil. Brazil has a law whereby alcohol is not sold in stadia, but a change will be made to enshrine the right to sell beer. Surprise, surprise, Budweiser is a big sponsor of FIFA. When the ban on tobacco sponsorship of sport was introduced we were told it would be the end of golf championships, and we would never see again championships such as the Carrolls Irish open. This has been disproved. It can still happen.
With regard to minimum unit pricing, over the past several years the alcohol strength of drinks has increased greatly. The alcohol strength of beers and wine has increased. The pricing the Minister will introduce is within the power of the drinks industry. If it reduces the alcohol strength we will not see price increases. It is simple because it has the power. The introduction of minimum unit pricing will not have an impact on people who drink alcohol in pubs, clubs and restaurants. We are speaking about off sales. People who drink alcohol purchased in supermarkets and consume it within the safe limits will pay 30 cent a week more, which is €15.70 over a full year, with minimum unit pricing. The difficulty is that people drinking cheap high-strength alcohol purchased in supermarkets and other retailers will notice, but we know this is what causes the most deaths, injuries, accidents and incidents. I recommend as reading the University of Sheffield report, which the committee dealt with during its hearings. We know minimum unit pricing works because we have seen it work in Canada.
I welcome what the Minister is doing with labelling. We very much see the importance of people having information. After we discussed it at the committee, we started looking more at labelling on bottles and we can see the misinformation, deliberate or not. It is very difficult to make informed decisions. For the first time, labels on alcohol products will include information which will tell consumers what they are consuming and the impact on their health and weight. More than 90% of Irish adults do not know what is meant by a standard drink. I must look it up and I am involved in the area. A total of 95% of people have said they support the labelling initiatives. The Minister knows I have raised with him the issue of cancer, and we know that alcohol is associated with 900 new cancer cases every year and 500 cancer deaths.
There is an issue with regard to structural separation, which the committee considered and brought to the Minister. I have read the explanatory memorandum which comes with the Bill. The Minister is taking a very pragmatic and easily implemented approach and I commend him for it. We have seen seepage in supermarkets with meal deals which normalise drinking wine every day. I commend the Minister on the pragmatic approach being taken. We will get to tease out each aspect of the report on Committee Stage and I say "Well done" to the Minister in respect of the children's clothing issue also. We see the seepage on that matter throughout department stores. The Minister has my full support.
Full debate https://www.kildarestreet.com/sendebates/?id=2015-12-17a.93&s=jillian+van+turnhout#g103
Posted on 11 June 2015 16 December 2018
Please click below to access my latest Newsletter and find out more about the contributions I've been making and events I've been attended, both inside and outside the Oireachtas:
Posted on 12 May 2015 16 December 2018
Statements on Alcohol Consumption in Ireland
I was happy to swap with my colleague Senator Rónán Mullen because I would not have wished him to feel he was being silenced by not being able to contribute to the debate on the forthcoming referendum. I welcome Ms Suzanne Costello from Alcohol Action Ireland, who is in the Visitor's Gallery.
I welcome the Minister for Health, Deputy Varadkar, to the Seanad and applaud him for what he is doing in this area. I accepted an invitation from the Department of Health to attend a seminar entitled "Influencing Healthy Lifestyles: Nudging or Shoving? The Ethical Debate." It was really informative, and I thank the Minister for extending the invitation to us.
The public health (alcohol) Bill 2015, as the Minister outlined, deals with labelling, minimum unit pricing, marketing, advertising sponsorship, availability and price-based promotions. The Joint Committee on Health and Children, chaired by our excellent Chairman, Deputy Jerry Buttimer, held a series of meeting on the subject and is finalising its report. The Minister came to the final hearing of this series of debates on the heads of the Bill to hear the views of the members. What the Minister said today in the Seanad shows me that he took on board a number of the committee's sentiments with regard to the public health (alcohol) Bill. I thank him.
I note with sadness that according to the OECD report Tackling Harmful Alcohol Use: Economics and Public Health Policy, Ireland has the fourth highest level of alcohol consumption in the OECD, behind Estonia, Austria and France, at 11.7 litres per capitafor those aged 15 years and over. To be placed fourth in this category is not the position we want to hold on this league table.Several of my colleagues have referred to the executive summary of this OECD report, from which I will quote:
Alcohol has an impact on over 200 diseases and types of injuries. In most cases the impact is detrimental; in some cases it is beneficial. In a minority of drinkers, mostly older men who drink lightly, health benefits are larger. … Harmful drinking is normally the result of an individual choice, but it has social consequences. The harms caused to people other than drinkers themselves, including the victims of traffic accidents and violence, but also children born with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, are the most visible face of those social consequences. Health care and crime costs, and lost productivity, are further important dimensions. These provide a strong rationale for governments to take action against harmful alcohol use.
People often talk about the consumption of alcohol by young people and children, but they do not necessarily refer to the impact of alcohol on children in families. We see the figures in reports on domestic violence. The example set by the parents' lifestyle impacts on the household. Senator Colm Burke referred to the students who won the Young Scientist exhibition with their project entitled: "Does the apple fall far from the tree?", who made a presentation to the Joint Committee on Health and Children. In their project they quoted from a recent ISPCC report in which one child noted: "If you see your parents get drunk, whether you like it or not, it will have an effect on your life." What surprised me was that one fifth of parents surveyed were not concerned about the prospect of another parent or adult supplying their adolescent with alcohol. That shows me how normal it is for adolescents to drink alcohol. If the adults in these young people's lives think it is acceptable to buy a young person alcohol, it shows how much needs to be done in informing and educating the adults as well. We have to focus on young people. There is an issue with young people and alcohol which is European-wide, but, as the saying goes, they do not lick it off the ground. The adults in their lives are the role models and they very often set the norms. It is the norm for adults to go to the pub to socialise. We do not have other avenues. We need to ensure we have other avenues and that we provide other examples for our young people.
I fully endorse minimum unit pricing. The excellent report by Dr. John Holmes and Dr. Colin Angus from the University of Sheffield is comprehensive and goes through everything. They have been very open. I have gone back and forth to them with questions and they have been open about addressing any concerns we have. I would be very happy to share this report with colleagues.
I am concerned that the code of practice must be placed on a very strong footing. I have observed how the drinks industry can find every loophole in the system. Could we look at the threshold for the audience profile measurement, which stands at 25% at present? That is far too high. It should be at 10%. I would prefer if there was no alcohol advertising, but at the very least we need to reduce the level of advertising. I raised the issue of online marketing at the committee hearings. We know that some years ago Diageo announced that 21% of its marketing budget would go to online marketing. Recently legislation was introduced in Finland to ban alcohol apps that contained games, location settings and information on the nearest place to drink. Clearly, these apps are targeted at children. It is a social engagement. As my colleagues have said, a young person who visits YouTube will see advertisements for alcohol that I do not see. The drinks industry is very skilled at targeting particular groups. They know what sites and YouTube videos people are looking at, and the advertising is targeted at them. I have seen the effects of this at first hand. If I walk into any classroom and ask children to name their favourite advertisement on television, I guarantee that alcohol advertisements are up there in their choice. The young people score highly on brand recognition.
This brings me to the issue of sports sponsorship. I really believe we should set a date, no matter how far forward it is, to cease all alcohol-related advertising. It is very telling that neither the drinks industry nor the sports organisations will tell us how much sports sponsorship is worth. We do not have a figure. I think that is unacceptable that we do not know what we are talking about. Youth organisations which do so much voluntary work across the country will not take a single cent from the drinks industry, and I do not see the Government being put under pressure to replace it. In fact, the funding of youth organisations was cut by 40% during the recession, yet these organisations are still delivering those services. I acknowledge that some sporting organisations have stopped taking money from the drinks industry, but the sporting organisations who are still taking sponsorship money should let us know how much we are talking about. Last year, a school principal from Munster spoke at an Alcohol Action Ireland hearing on the issue of sports sponsorship. When Munster won what in France is called the H Cup, he invited the team to visit the school and he was delighted a few team members said they would go. They had a great day, but when they arrived with all the sponsorship and drinks advertising, he realised that he, as the principal of the school, had brought alcohol advertising to the school and he apologised to his students for doing so.
How the drinks industry has a handle on us is subliminal and insidious. It is unacceptable and we need to examine it. At a recent hearing, Katherine Brown of the Institute of Alcohol Studies stated alcohol sponsorship of sport is a way past children's bedroom doors because they have a picture of a sporting hero on the bedroom door with the nice alcohol branding linking it to sporting success. She stated that if we are really serious, we need to tackle and deal with the issue of separation.
We also need to address the drinks industry role in decisions taken. I am concerned when I see jobs advertised by certain drinks companies. According to the job descriptions, they want to stay one step ahead of regulatory developments. They want to ensure they can beat the system. They will tell us it is all about education and if we were all more informed, we would all make the choices. I know about education, healthy eating and lifestyle. I am not as good as I should be because it is not what changes my behaviour. This is where legislation is important and why the Minister has my absolute and full support. I want us to go further and to do more. I want us to follow policies like that recently announced by the HSE, whereby it will have no truck with the alcohol industry. Why are the Departments of Education and Skills and Health not coming out with similar statements? The Child and Family Agency is thinking about it. It should have no truck with the drinks industry. We must do a lot more in Ireland.
Role of drinks industry in Schools – Commencement Matters
I thank the Cathaoirleach and welcome to the Visitors' Gallery Ms Siobhán Creaton from the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and Ms Suzanne Costello from Alcohol Action Ireland. The issue I have raised with the Minister for Education and Skills pertains to the role the drinks industry is trying to develop with regard to the education of children in Ireland. I will begin by applauding the Government on the public health (alcohol) Bill. As a member of the Joint Committee on Health and Children, I have been very much involved in the consultations and the process. If anything, I would like it to go further, but I certainly will do everything I can to ensure that it comes into law.
However, as part of those consultations, the first red flag went up for me when I saw, for example, the Alcohol Beverage Federation of Ireland saying how the industry decided in 2014 to refocus its initiatives in the education space and to concentrate activity on drinkaware.ie. It currently is establishing Drinkaware as an organisation whose work will be modelled upon the influential UK Drinkaware Trust. Unfortunately, if one looks at independent evaluations of Drinkaware in the United Kingdom, one concludes that it is not a model we wish to see in our schools. It has not come out well from an evaluation. Not surprisingly, the drinks industry believes it is excellent, which makes me even more worried about it. The second flag for me was the Stop Out-of-Control Drinking campaign, rolemodels.ie, which is due to produce its report shortly. I can nearly see what this report will say. It will state that we need to educate children, because this is the constant mantra of the drinks industry – namely, that education is needed and that, were everyone educated, it would reduce our risk regarding alcohol-related harm. All the evidence shows that education informs our behaviour but that it does not change or influence it. That is why we introduce laws in respect of, for example, speeding. We all know what is good or bad for us, but legislation is often necessary in order to ensure that we do what is right. A recent Drink Aware advertisement relating to the post of education programme manager refers to the successful applicant working directly with schools. This is despite the fact that a spokesperson for Drink Aware indicated that this is not intended to be the case. If that is so, then the advertisement to which I refer misrepresents the position, because it refers to working with teachers, unions, principals, the Professional Development Service for Teachers, the Department of Education and Skills and the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. It is obvious that those responsible for Drink Aware want it to become embedded within the education system. I know someone who applied for the position of education programme manager but whose application was unsuccessful. The person in question was informed about the rolemodels.ie campaign, which is going to lead to what I have just outlined. There are no surprises here.
The HSE is not often applauded, but I want to take this opportunity to applaud it most heartily. On 23 April the executive issued a statement to the effect that it is no longer prepared to take any money from the drinks industry and that it will not be associated with said industry, particularly in the context of public health advice or any form of partnership. The statement in question was quite unequivocal in terms of public health advocacy. In my opinion, it reflects what the World Health Organization has said, namely, that public health policies concerning alcohol need to be formulated by public health interests without interference from commercial interests. I am seeking an assurance from the Minister of State that the drinks industry will play no role in our schools. The HSE has worked on the SPHE model with schools. I am concerned by the fact that the National Parents' Council Primary has put its name to the rolemodels.ie campaign, and I really hope it will withdraw its support. The National Parents' Council Post-Primary has distanced itself from the campaign and indicated that it would question the motive behind any campaign funded by the drinks industry and aimed at educating our children.
I tabled this matter because I believed the time was right to do so. What I have stated reflects Government policy. We cannot just leave matters stand and wait to discover what people think. The majority of people do not know that Drink Aware equals the drinks industry. The idea of representatives from the tobacco industry going into schools and telling children about anti-cessation measures relating to smoking is abhorrent. We should also abhor the fact that those in the drinks industry even think it is acceptable for their representatives to go into our schools. It will be reprehensible if the Department of Education and Skills says that it is sorry but there is nothing it can do about this matter. It is not acceptable for those in the drinks industry – regardless of whatever costume they may choose to wear – to have any hand, act or part in the education of the children of Ireland.
Minister Kevin Humphreys (response):
I am taking this matter on behalf of my colleague, the Minister for Education and Skills, Deputy Jan O'Sullivan, who sends her apologies.
The Department of Education and Skills is working very closely with the Department of Health in respect of the overall Healthy Ireland agenda. This encompasses co-operation in a range of areas including physical activity, healthy eating and student well-being, as well as substance misuse. At national level, the Department of Education and Skills is represented on key Government structures that provide a co-ordinated approach to addressing substance misuse. These include the national co-ordinating committee for drug and alcohol task forces. The Minister does not believe it appropriate for her to write to schools to prohibit particular materials or resources that may be developed by certain organisations, including the drinks industry. This could form a dangerous precedent for the future. However, officials at the Department of Education and Skills will continue to co-operate with the HSE and the Department of Health to ensure a co-ordinated and partnership approach to alcohol misuse and the range of other areas that are encompassed by the Healthy Ireland agenda. One recent example of such co-operation is the development of healthy lifestyle guidance that is currently being finalised. This guidance is intended to encourage schools to promote physical activity and healthy eating. It is also designed to encourage their participation in the health-promoting schools initiative, which is supported by the Department of Health and the HSE.
It is important to recognise that while education has a role to play in addressing the problem of alcohol misuse, behavioural change will not happen without the support and co-operation of parents, industry and society as a whole. Parents have a responsibility to help children and young people to adopt sensible and responsible attitudes and behaviours regarding alcohol and drug abuse. At present, the education sector is supporting national policy on substance misuse. In particular, schools are equipping students with the key skills and knowledge to enable them to make informed choices when faced with a range of difficult situations.This includes providing students with age appropriate information on the issue of alcohol abuse through aspects of the curriculum such as the social, personal and health education, SPHE, programme. This programme is mandatory in all primary schools. It will also form part of the new mandatory Wellbeing component of junior cycle, along with physical education and civic, social and political education, CSPE. Schools are also encouraged to deliver the SPHE programme in senior cycle. The substance use module of the SPHE curriculum focuses on the issues relating to the use and misuse of a range of substances. It actively seeks to promote healthy and responsible choices by students in a range of areas, including alcohol.
The latest data taken from Department of Education and Skills' Lifeskills survey 2012 indicate that 90% of primary and 100% of post-primary schools provide their students with information on alcohol abuse through SPHE and other means. These results were almost identical to the position reported by schools through the 2009 Lifeskills survey. The 2015 Lifeskills survey is currently being completed by schools and the Minister hopes to publish the results before the end of the year. This will allow for the measurement of schools' progress in this area since 2012.
Schools have access to a number of programmes and resources that support the delivery of SPHE and increase students' awareness of well-being, including drug and alcohol issues. Examples include the Walk Tall programme for primary pupils and a post-primary resource available from the Professional Development Service for Teachers, called On My Own Two Feet. It is a matter for schools and teachers in the first instance to determine what resources and supports they will use to support their implementation of the curriculum. Teachers are equipped to make such decisions as a result of their initial teacher education and the ongoing support provided by the Professional Development Service for Teachers. I am confident that teachers are best placed to identify the most suitable resources to assist them in delivering the SPHE curriculum in their classrooms.
I listened carefully to the Senator's contribution. She has raised red flags in respect of alcohol awareness and the industry in regard to that. She has been strong and logical about this. The Senator also referred to education, behaviour and role models and expressed concern about the involvement of the drinks industry in both primary and post-primary schools. She made some good points and I will ensure they are highlighted to the Minister. I will ask her to consider the important issues the Senator has raised.
Jillian van Turnhout:
I thank the Minister of State and appreciate that he was not in a position to answer my questions but perhaps he will also relay these questions to the Minister. The drinkaware.iejob advertisement for education programme manager states: "To manage relationships with relevant stakeholders, including the Department of Education, the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment and the Professional Development Service for Teachers". These are all within the Minister's remit. I cannot see any reason for the drinks industry to have a relationship with the Department or the NCCA. I seek the Minister's assurance that they will not have a relationship with the industry.
I appreciate the Minister cannot write to schools to say they cannot do this but, at the very least, could she write to them to advise them that drinkaware.ie equals the drinks industry. It is nothing else. drinkaware.ie is the costume the industry chooses to wear today. It will come up with something else when drinkaware.ieis exposed to people. Schools need to be warned and a warning bell is needed in this regard.
Minister Kevin Humphreys:
I thank the Senator. I will raise those points. I have a meeting with the Minister later this afternoon at which I will ask her to look at the Senator's contribution and reply to her directly.
I thank the Minister of State.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Arizona Laws > Title 32 > Chapter 20
Arizona Laws > Title 32 > Chapter 20 – Real Estate
Article 1 Real Estate Department 32-2101 – 32-2119
Article 2 Licensing 32-2121 – 32-2137
Article 3 Regulation 32-2151 – 32-2166
Article 3.1 Property Management 32-2171 – 32-2176
Article 4 Sale of Subdivided Lands 32-2181 – 32-2185.09
Article 5 Real Estate Recovery Fund 32-2186 – 32-2193.02
Article 6 Organization and Regulation of Cemeteries 32-2194 – 32-2194.33
Article 7 Sale of Unsubdivided Lands 32-2195 – 32-2195.12
Article 9 Real Estate Timeshares 32-2197 – 32-2197.24
Article 10 Membership Camping 32-2198 – 32-2198.14
Article 11 Administrative Hearings 32-2199 – 32-2199.05
Terms Used In Arizona Laws > Title 32 > Chapter 20 - Real Estate
Accommodation: means any apartment, condominium or cooperative unit, cabin, lodge, hotel or motel room, or other private or commercial structure containing toilet facilities that is designed and available for use and occupancy as a residence by one or more individuals and that is included in the offering of a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Acting in concert: means evidence of collaborating to pursue a concerted plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Advertisement: means any written, oral or electronic communication that is directed to or targeted to persons in this state and that contains a promotion, inducement, premium or offer to sell a timeshare plan, including brochures, pamphlets, radio and television scripts, electronic media, telephone and direct mail solicitations and other means of promotions. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Advertising: means attempting by publication, dissemination, exhibition, solicitation or circulation, oral or written, or for broadcast on radio or television to induce directly or indirectly any person to enter into any obligation or acquire any title or interest in lands subject to this chapter, including the land sales contract to be used and any photographs, drawings or artist's presentations of physical conditions or facilities existing or to exist on the property. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Assessment: means the share of funds required for the payment of common expenses that the managing entity assesses periodically against each purchaser. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Associate broker: means a licensed broker who is employed by another broker. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Association: means any organized body consisting of the purchasers of interests in a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Barrier: means a natural or man-made geographic feature that prevents parcels of land from being practicably, reasonably and economically united or reunited and that was not caused or created by the owner of the parcels. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Board: means the real estate advisory board. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Broker: when used without modification, means a person who is licensed as a broker under this chapter or who is required to be licensed as a broker under this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Business broker: means a real estate broker who acts as an intermediary or agent between sellers or buyers, or both, in the sale or purchase, or both, of businesses or business opportunities where a lease or sale of real property is either a direct or incidental part of the transaction. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Cemetery broker: means a person other than a real estate broker or real estate salesperson who, for another, for compensation:
(a) Sells, leases or exchanges cemetery property or interment services of or for another, or on the person's own account. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
cemetery property: means any one, or a combination of more than one, of the following in a place that is used, or intended to be used, and dedicated for cemetery purposes:
(a) A burial park, for earth interments. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Cemetery salesperson: means a natural person who acts on the person's own behalf or through and on behalf of a professional limited liability company or a professional corporation engaged by or on behalf of a licensed cemetery or real estate broker, or through and on behalf of a corporation, partnership or limited liability company that is licensed as a cemetery or real estate broker, to perform any act or transaction included in the definition of cemetery broker. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Commissioner: means the state real estate commissioner. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Common promotional plan: means a plan, undertaken by a person or a group of persons acting in concert, to offer lots for sale or lease. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Compensation: means any fee, commission, salary, monies or other valuable consideration for services rendered or to be rendered as well as the promise of consideration whether contingent or not. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Component site: means a specific geographic location where accommodations that are part of a multisite timeshare plan are located. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
controlled: means a person who, through ownership, voting rights, power of attorney, proxy, management rights, operational rights or other rights, has the right to make decisions binding on an entity, whether a corporation, a partnership or any other entity. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Department: means the state real estate department. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
Designated broker: means a natural person who is licensed as a broker under this chapter and who is either:
(a) Designated to act on behalf of an employing real estate, cemetery or membership camping entity. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Developer: means either of the following:
(a) Any person, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity, other than a sales agent, that creates a timeshare plan or is in the business of selling timeshare interests or employs sales agents to sell timeshare interests. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Development: means any division, proposed division or use of real property that the department has authority to regulate, including subdivided and unsubdivided lands, cemeteries, condominiums, timeshares, membership campgrounds and stock cooperatives. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
disposition: means a voluntary transfer or assignment of any legal or equitable interest in a timeshare plan other than the creation, transfer, assignment or release of a security interest. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Employing broker: means a person who is licensed or is required to be licensed as a:
(a) Broker entity pursuant to section 32-2125, subsection A. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
Exchange company: means any person owning or operating or both owning and operating an exchange program. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Exchange program: means any method, arrangement or procedure for the voluntary exchange of timeshare interests or other property interests. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC
Fractional interest: means an undivided interest in improved or unimproved land, lots or parcels of any size created for the purpose of sale or lease and evidenced by any receipt, certificate, deed or other document conveying the interest. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
Improved lot or parcel: means a lot or parcel of a subdivision on which there is a residential, commercial or industrial building or concerning which a contract has been entered into between a subdivider and a purchaser that obligates the subdivider directly, or indirectly through a building contractor, to completely construct a residential, commercial or industrial building on the lot or parcel within two years after the date on which the contract of sale for the lot is entered into. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
Judgment: means either:
(a) A final judgment in a court of competent jurisdiction. See Arizona Laws 32-2186
Judgment debtor: means any defendant under this article who is the subject of a judgment. See Arizona Laws 32-2186
lease: includes every disposition, transfer, option or offer or attempt to dispose of or transfer real property, or an interest, use or estate in the real property, including offering the property as a prize or gift if a monetary charge or consideration for whatever purpose is required. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
leasing: includes any lease, whether it is the sole, the principal or any incidental part of a transaction. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
License: means the whole or part of any agency permit, certificate, approval, registration, public report, charter or similar form of permission required by this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
License period: means the two-year period beginning with the date of original issue or renewal of a particular license and ending on the expiration date, if any. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Licensee: means a person to whom a license for the current license period has been granted under any provision of this chapter, and, for the purposes of section 32-2153, subsection A, includes original license applicants. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Live classroom course: means a course or instructional segment delivered in either an in-person classroom instructional format or a synchronous remote instructional format that allows students to observe and participate remotely in an instructional segment via livestreaming. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Lot reservation: means an expression of interest by a prospective purchaser in buying at some time in the future a subdivided or unsubdivided lot, unit or parcel in this state. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Managing entity: means the association or other person that undertakes the duties, responsibilities and obligations of the management of a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Master planned community: means a development that consists of two or more separately platted subdivisions and that is either subject to a master declaration of covenants, conditions or restrictions, is subject to restrictive covenants sufficiently uniform in character to clearly indicate a general scheme for improving or developing real property or is governed or administered by a master owner's association. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Member: means a member of the real estate advisory board. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Membership camping broker: means a person, other than a salesperson, who, for compensation:
(a) Sells, purchases, lists, exchanges or leases membership camping contracts. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Membership camping contract: means an agreement that is offered or sold in this state evidencing a purchaser's right or license to use the camping or outdoor recreation facilities of a membership camping operator and includes a membership that provides for this use. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Membership camping salesperson: means a natural person who acts on the person's own behalf or through and on behalf of a professional limited liability company or a professional corporation engaged by or on behalf of a licensed membership camping or real estate broker, or by or on behalf of a corporation, partnership or limited liability company that is licensed as a membership camping or real estate broker, to perform any act or participate in any transaction in a manner included in the definition of membership camping broker. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Minor: means a person under eighteen years of age. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Month: means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Moral turpitude: means an offense, whether a misdemeanor or felony, that is related to extortion, burglary, larceny, bribery, embezzlement, robbery, racketeering, money laundering, forgery, fraud, murder, voluntary manslaughter or a sexual offense that requires the individual to register pursuant to section 13-3821. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
Multisite timeshare plan: includes a specific timeshare interest or a nonspecific timeshare interest. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Nonspecific timeshare interest: means the right to use accommodations at more than one component site created by or acquired through the timeshare plan's reservation system, but not including a specific right to use any particular accommodations. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
offering: means any marketing, promotion, solicitation or advertising of any kind that is intended to interest prospective customers in the sale, lease or use of a timeshare interest in a timeshare plan, other than as security for an obligation, whether now or in the future. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Online course: means prelicensure education that is a planned learning experience with a geographic separation that may be synchronous or asynchronous, that does not require real-time interaction between a student and an instructor and that uses a platform with self-paced or prerecorded lessons and materials that a student can access via the internet to proceed at the student's own pace. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Perpetual or endowed-care cemetery: means a cemetery in which lots or other burial spaces are sold or transferred under the representation that the cemetery will receive perpetual care or endowed care free of further cost to the purchaser after payment of the original purchase price for the lot, burial space or interment right. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Person: means a natural person, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, estate, trust, federal or state government, political subdivision or other legal entity or any combination of these entities. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership or company and any other form of multiple organization for carrying on business, foreign or domestic. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Personal property: includes money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Petty offense: A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. Source: U.S. Courts
Premium: means anything of value offered, promised or given to a prospective customer as an incentive to attend a presentation for the sale, lease or use of a timeshare interest or to tour or visit a timeshare property. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Process: means a citation, writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Promotion: means a plan or device, including one involving the possibility of a prospective purchaser receiving a vacation, discount vacation, gift or prize, used by a developer or the developer's employee, or on the developer's behalf by an agent or the agent's employee, an independent contractor or the independent contractor's employee in connection with the offering and sale of timeshare interests in a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
promotional practice: means advertising and any other act, practice, device or scheme to induce directly or indirectly any person to enter into any obligation or acquire any title or interest in or use of real property subject to this chapter, including meetings with prospective purchasers, arrangements for prospective purchasers to visit real property, travel allowances and discount, exchange, refund and cancellation privileges. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Property: includes both real and personal property. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Property management firm: means any corporation, partnership or limited liability company licensed pursuant to section 32-2125, subsection A or a designated broker that by written agreement, manages rental property or properties for compensation. See Arizona Laws 32-2171
Purchase agreement: means a document that legally obligates a person to sell or buy a timeshare interest. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Purchaser: means any person, other than a developer, who, by means of a voluntary transfer, acquires a legal or equitable interest in a timeshare plan other than a security for an obligation. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Real estate: includes leasehold-interests and any estates in land as defined in Title 33, Chapter 2, articles 1 and 2, regardless of whether located in this state. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Real estate broker: means a person, other than a salesperson, who, for another and for compensation:
(a) Sells, exchanges, purchases, rents or leases real estate, businesses and business opportunities or timeshare interests. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Real estate sales contract: means an agreement in which one party agrees to convey title to real estate to another party on the satisfaction of specified conditions set forth in the contract. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Real estate salesperson: means a natural person who acts on the person's own behalf or through and on behalf of a professional limited liability company or a professional corporation engaged by or on behalf of a licensed real estate broker, or by or on behalf of a limited liability company, partnership or corporation that is licensed as a real estate broker, to perform any act or participate in any transaction in a manner included in the definition of real estate broker subject to section 32-2155. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
Redemption certificate: means a premium that grants a right to or the promise of the future delivery of goods or services and that is conditioned on the holder's compliance with stated requirements, limitations or conditions. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Rental agreement: means a lease or leasing agreement. See Arizona Laws 32-2171
Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
Reservation system: means the method, arrangement or procedure in which a purchaser, in order to reserve the use or occupancy of any accommodation of a multisite timeshare plan for one or more timeshare periods, is required to compete with other purchasers in the same multisite timeshare plan, regardless of whether the reservation system is operated and maintained by the multisite timeshare plan managing entity, an exchange company or any other person. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Sales agent: means a person who, directly or through the person's employees, agents or independent contractors, sells or offers to sell one or more timeshare interests in a timeshare plan to any individual in this state. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Salesperson: when used without modification, means a natural person who acts on the person's own behalf or through and on behalf of a professional limited liability company or a professional corporation licensed under this chapter or any person required to be licensed as a salesperson under this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
School: means a person or entity that offers a course of study toward completion of the education requirements leading to licensure or renewal of licensure under this chapter. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Single site timeshare plan: means the right to use accommodations at a single timeshare property. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Stock cooperative: means a corporation to which all of the following apply:
(a) The corporation is formed or used to hold title to improved real property in fee simple or for a term of years. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
Timeshare estate: means the right of occupancy in a timeshare property that is coupled with an estate in real property. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Timeshare instrument: means one or more documents creating or governing the operation of a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Timeshare interest: includes either a timeshare estate or a timeshare use. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Timeshare period: means the period of time when the purchaser of a timeshare plan is afforded the opportunity to use the accommodations of a timeshare plan. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Timeshare plan: means any arrangement, plan or similar device, other than an exchange program, whether by membership agreement, sale, lease, deed, license or right-to-use agreement or by any other means, in which a purchaser, in exchange for consideration, receives ownership rights in or the right to use accommodations for a period of time less than a full year during any given year, but not necessarily for consecutive years. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Timeshare property: means one or more accommodations subject to the same timeshare instrument, together with any other property or rights to property appurtenant to those accommodations. See Arizona Laws 32-2197
Unimproved lot or parcel: means a lot or parcel of a subdivision that is not an improved lot or parcel. See Arizona Laws 32-2101
United States: includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Writ: means an order or precept in writing issued in the name of the state or by a court or judicial officer. See Arizona Laws 1-215
Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215
The Law Offices of Donald W. Hudspeth, P.C
Warner Angle Hallam Jackson & Formanek PLC.
Rose Law Group pc
Arizona Real Estate Attorneys
Arizona Laws > Title 32 > Chapter 20 - Real Estate
California Codes > Business and Professions Code > Division 4 - Real Estate
Connecticut General Statutes > Chapter 734a - Regulation of Apartment Listing Services
Florida Statutes > Chapter 475 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Associates, Schools, and Appraisers
Iowa Code > Chapter 543C - Sales of Subdivided Land Outside of Iowa
Maine Revised Statutes > Title 32 > Chapter 80-B - Foreclosure Purchasers
Missouri Laws > Chapter 339 - Real Estate Agents, Brokers, Appraisers and Escrow Agents
New Hampshire Revised Statutes > Chapter 358-H - Regulation of Rental Referral Agencies
Oregon Statutes 696.020 - License required for individuals engaged in professional real estate activities; exception; rules
Oregon Statutes 696.022 - Licensing system for real estate brokers and property managers; rules
Oregon Statutes 696.024 - Payments due and owing to Real Estate Agency
Oregon Statutes 696.026 - Registration and renewal of business names; rules
Oregon Statutes 696.030 - Exemptions
Texas Occupations Code > Title 7 - Practices and Professions Related to Real Property and Housing
Wisconsin Statutes > Chapter 452 - Real estate practice


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During five months in 2014, NOVOSIBIRSK International Airport served 1,390,006 passengers representing a 7.7% growth compared to the same period in 2013. Passenger traffic on domestic routes made up 816,850 passengers (+10.6%), on international routes – 573,156 (+3.8%).
Year-to-date, the airport registered 16,536 aircraft movements (+13.1%). For five months' period, the airport reports of 11,194 tons of cargo and mail handled.


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Q: asp.net: RewritePath to Default Document not Working as Assumed I am encountering an unexpected behavior:
The following statement works fine:
Context.RewritePath( "~/Default.aspx" );  // redirect to default doc, explicitly

This gives me a 404 error:
Context.RewritePath( "~/" );  // redirect to default doc, implicitly

Loading document / from a browser without doing any URL rewriting correctly loads the document, so I figure IIS is correctly configured, and that / and /Default.aspx indeed refer to the same document.
I would rather use the latter statement, as there is a possibility that the Default document name will be changed in IIS as time goes on. I'm assuming the solution involves some method to retrieve the Default Document name from IIS, however I've been unable to locate such a method.
So my question is: What is the correct way to specify a default document when rewriting the URL?

A: Your problem is that IIS handles the path translations for the "default document" before it turns control over to asp.net.
When a browser requests a URL without a file name, IIS will check the list of "default documents" configured for that site. It then looks for physical files in the requested path that match the name of the configured default documents. It then returns the first matching default document that physically exists on the disk.
After this, if the requested file is an asp.net file, it will invoke the asp.net runtime and hand off processing to asp.net.
Your URL re-writing takes place inside the asp.net process. It has no awareness of IIS's settings with regards to default documents and such. When you use a technique like URL re-writing that take place entirely within asp.net, you can't use default documents and such. So always re-write using the page name.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


bench among buildings in Boston, Massachusetts.
Augsburg, Germany rooftop town view.
The Columbus Dispatch building and rooftop sign in Columbus, Ohio.
Marrakesh, Morocco : A couple of tourists rest at the rooftop terrace of the Cafe Arabe in the medina of Marrakesh.
Group of New Zealanders on the rooftop of King George Military Hospital, London, 1915.
Water storage tanks sit on a rooftop in Zarqa, Jordan.
View from the rooftop of a small farmhouse in a rural French village. Les Verrines, La Creuse, Limousin, France.
Chimneys on the rooftop of Casa Mila, or 'La Pedrera' building. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
The exquisite rooftop bar of the historic Rex Hotel in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam.
Berlin. Germany. People enjoying the view of Berlin's skyline from the Klunkerkranich rooftop bar in Neukölln.


Lewis Brinson has played 176 career professional games; in those contests, he has a very solid .253/.330/.461 batting line. He has 40 doubles, nine triples, 28 home runs, 69 walks, and 38 steals in 47 attempts. He also has 265 strikeouts, good for a career 34.5% mark. His career 9% walk rate is quite solid in a vacuum, but it's not enough to support such a massive strikeout habit.
For the sake of comparison, think about the man picked 17 selections before Brinson in the 2012 draft: Chicago's Courtney Hawkins. Hawkins put together an abysmal strikeout-ridden first full campaign in organized baseball, hitting .178/.249/.384, leading many to proclaim him a bust. However, Hawkins actually posted a better Isolated Power than Brinson (.206 to .190) and struck out slightly less (37.6% to 38%), and he was a level higher. Now, he was also six months older than Brinson, walked less (6.8% to 9.5%) and posted a far worse BABIP (.236 to .362), but it's hard to call Hawkins a bust without attaching a similar warning label to Brinson. Really, the main reason that it's far easier to write Hawkins off is that his 2013 triple-slash is far uglier than Brinson's .237/.322/.427 mark, which looks pretty good for an 19-year-old athletic center fielder in Low-A. Hawkins' surface numbers are consistent with the issues that lie below the surface while Brinson's aren't yet, so the latter gets more of the benefit of the doubt.
Regardless, it's premature to write either player off when both still have their age-20 campaigns in front of them and they have each flashed ability in a variety of areas that have nothing to do with avoiding strikeouts. Still, there is little precedent for succeeding with such a monstrous contact problem–the one player one can point to is Russell Branyan, who struck out 38.7% of the time as a 19-year-old in Low-A in 1995. Branyan's skillset is far more analagous to Gallo's than Brinson's, though, and it says something that the only player to go from these massive contact problems at age 19 to MLB success had 80-grade power.
With those long odds in mind, perhaps we first need to focus on what makes Brinson remotely interesting in the first place, other than the fact that an organization that generally knows what it's doing gave him $1.625 million to sign, drafting him higher than Gallo and Williams and paying him more than Alfaro.
That pitch is not a strike. It also is 95 mph with big armside life. And Brinson got his bat to it and drove it out to the opposite field. I would see dozens more minor league games over the course of 2013, but I'm not sure I saw another homer that was a more impressive display of bat speed.
As you can see, Brinson is a tall, stringy, high-waisted outfielder who still has plenty of room to fill out his frame. Currently, he's an easy plus runner who plays a quality center field; it's not out of the realm of possibility that he ends up putting on a lot of weight and power and slowing down some, though as we can see, he doesn't necessarily need to bulk up to be a home run threat.
Any player who combines over-the-fence power with above-average athleticism at a young age is going to stand out in the lower minors. From an optimist's standpoint, Brinson's skillset evokes that of B.J. Upton, who's posted 21.3 WAR in his career despite a 26% strikeout rate, thanks to a career .161 ISO, nearly three wins on the bases in just over seven full seasons, as well as above-average center field defense. Upton's strikeout issues have been problematic at times–just ask Braves fans–but he's often made up for them thanks to all the other things he does well.
What's up with Brinson's strikeouts, though? One would think the glaring hole in his skillset would be as easy to spot in person as it is on the statsheet, as with Gallo (whose issues I dissected here) and Hawkins (here). And indeed there is.
Lewis Brinson can't hit a breaking ball.
Now, we hear "[prospect] can't hit a breaking ball" statements all the time in prospect analysis, and sometimes it's difficult to unpack the severity of the issue from such a proclamation. Of course, every position player in organized baseball can hit a breaking pitch, given enough chances; further, it's sometimes difficult to separate the ability to recognize the pitch from the ability to hit hittable ones. Watching a player swing through a bunch of curves in the dirt and sliders in the opposite batter's box tells us little about his ability to hit breaking pitches–it instead tells us he can't recognize them and lay off bad ones (an equally important problem, but a qualitatively different one nonetheless). I talked a lot more about the conflation of these two factors in my analysis of Hawkins linked above.
My observation of Brinson, though, led me to the anecdotal conclusion that while he had great bat speed and could turn around pitches that were high and hard, everything that was low and bendy totally flummoxed him to a degree greater than even a typical dead-red hitter. Up high, the swing stayed level; down low, it got very long and loopy, causing him to miss just about everything.
How extreme are the issues, though? I decided to go back through all of my video of Brinson–248 pitches of it–and chart pitch types, locations, and results, much as I did in this writeup of another of Brinson's teammates, Nick Williams.
There are a few things to point out here. First, as much as the breaking ball was (at least to me) a weakness of Brinson's, he still saw a reasonable amount of fastballs–they made up just shy of 60% of the pitches he saw. That's a little below-average, showing that perhaps South Atlantic League pitchers did make a conscious effort to incorporate more bendy offerings when facing him, but nothing particularly extreme. One might theorize any number of explanations for this, from pitchers more focused on their own development than tailoring their approach to each hitter, information taking a while to travel around the fourteen-team SAL (it's not as if they get advance scouting reports), or the fact that Brinson often was hitting in front of even more dangerous bats like Williams, Gallo, and Rua, and so pitchers challenged him more than they might have otherwise.
In the second list, we can see that Brinson's swinging strike rate is quite high, at 16.5%. No qualified MLB hitter swung and missed so often in 2013–Pedro Alvarez led baseball at 16.4%. Since 2002, only nine players have managed a 2+ WAR season while swinging and missing 16.5% of the time or more, and none of them have turned the trick twice. Interestingly, though, Brinson's overall swing rate is quite low–if you add up the fouls, swinging strikes, and balls in play, you get just 43.1%, a rate well below the major-league median of 46.1%. This is both good and bad–on one hand, he's not simply flailing at everything, but on the other hand, to swing and miss so much when you're not swinging that much raises some real questions. Compare that to my breakdown of his teammate Williams–Williams swung at an astronomical 61.4% of pitches, a rate that would make Pablo Sandoval blush–but actually had fewer swings and misses than Brinson (14.2%) despite offering at nearly 20% more pitches. Forty-one of Brinson's 107 cuts (38.3%) came up empty, whereas only 18 of Williams' 78 (23.1%) did, despite the fact that Williams' aggressiveness would seem to mean that he was likely offering at inferior pitches to the ones Brinson did. And, with all due respect to Williams, who I've gone on record as saying could be a potential All-Star, when your contact skills compare very poorly to those of a player who just posted a 110/15 K/BB ratio in Low-A, that's a major red flag for your future hit tool.
If you just focus in on that swinging strike number, you see 15.3%, which is just barely lower than his overall 16.5% rate, and you might think that my eyes were deceiving me when I viewed Brinson as a good fastball hitter who couldn't hit breaking stuff. Note, though, that his overall swing rate here is much higher than 43.1%–it's all the way up at 53.5%, meaning that his contact rate against heaters is up at 71.4%, quite a bit above his 61.7% rate overall. He also put more fastballs in play than in foul territory, whereas overall he fouled off slightly more offerings than he put in play.
Still, taking 22 empty cuts against 144 fastballs is worse news than I expected. If you've ever delved into Pitch F/X analysis, you know that pitchers who can regularly induce swinging strikes on over ten percent of their fastballs, let alone fifteen percent, are quite rare, so flipping that on its head, batters who cut and miss at those rates on heaters are a small and troubled group. According to Baseball Prospectus, Madison Bumgarner's fastball induced the lowest contact rate of all MLB starters (min. 1000 fastballs) in 2013 at 72.52%; Brinson essentially gives the average Low-A fastball that sort of bat-missing power.
I mentioned earlier that in addition to his seeming ineptitude against breaking pitches (which we'll get to in a bit), Brinson also seemed to struggle with stuff significantly below his waist. There didn't seem to be a huge impact of fastball location on Brinson's tendency to miss, though–while I identified 68 of the 144 heaters as being below Brinson's thighs (47.2%), only ten of his 22 whiffs came in those locations. Half of his swinging strikes against fastballs came on chases out of the zone, with half in the zone–about the only notable location aspect is that none of his swinging strikes on fastballs came on pitches that were off the outside corner.
So Brinson isn't great against fastballs, but he does manage to get them in play a fair amount, and the majority of his contact against heaters was at least moderately solid. Now we'll turn to the breaking pitches, of which there were 74. The sample is small, obviously, but it's easy to tell there are profound differences in his approach and result to bendy stuff.
I identified just 23 of the 74 curves (31.1%) that Brinson saw as being in the zone, and all things considered, he did a nice job turning that into a lot of positive outcomes. Only 53 of the 144 fastballs (36.8%) were in the strike zone, just marginally more than the breaking pitches, and yet Brinson's swing rate dropped from 53.5% against heaters to just 20.3% (!) against breaking stuff.
It's pretty incredible that across seventeen games, this was the only reasonable contact Brinson made against a breaking pitch. And this particular pitch–a 78-mph slider from Lakewood's Geoff Broussard on June 5–is pretty awful as breaking pitches go, with almost no bite, below-average velocity for a slider, and a clear mistake in location.
It's a good thing that Brinson recognizes breaking stuff and can turn it into positive results–balls–more often than not as a teenager at the Low-A level, but it's quite troubling that only one of the fifteen pitches he did swing at resulted in anything remotely positive. After all, if his eye for them is so good as to allow him to lay off 43 of the 51 that missed the zone, one would think that a) the few he did swing at would be the meatiest to hit and b) he'd have the hand-eye coordination to hit them. If he's got the bat speed to turn around the high heater from earlier and the eye to recognize spin, then he should be able to feast on breaking stuff, right?
Yeah, Gabriel Ynoa–I think the fifth straight offspeed pitch might've been overkill. Why Ynoa decided that throwing three changeups to a righthanded hitter, when he's gifted with a good moving fastball, a decent slider, and a change-of-pace curve, is anyone's guess, but Brinson was able to sit back on the last one and demolish it.
What we're left with is a hitter who has tools and is capable of displaying them in startling fashion, but clearly has massive problems consistently putting the ball in play. He does display more acumen with his plate discipline than his exorbitant whiff rates and 4/1 K/BB might indicate, but there are obviously steep improvements to be made, and he'll have to adjust as he moves up the ladder. He won't be able to put up solid triple-slash lines with these sorts of swing-and-miss issues for long–chances are that even one level higher, he'll run into pitchers who can put breaking stuff in the strike zone more than 32% of the time once they realize he can't do anything with it.
For what it's worth, as bizarre as that stance is, Brinson hit .279/.361/.477 in August and September, though he still struck out 31 times in 24 games, so it's not like he was a totally different player. While the late-season changes just don't look right, it's likely that they're a form of Brinson trying to cut down his strike zone and swing load to reduce his called strikes and swinging strikes, respectively. Time will tell what his hitting mechanics look like in 2014 and how much he'll stick with one setup, as well as what sort of results it produces, and given his near-constant alterations in this regard, it's tough to make a concrete prediction on his near-term evolution as a hitter. It's good to see a hitter with clear weaknesses who is keenly aware of his faults and trying to find a way to eradicate or at least minimize them, and it's likely that if there is a path to good-enough contact numbers for Brinson, he'll find it. Certainly, if he can manage somewhat-reasonable contact rates, Brinson's athleticism, power potential, and sound batting eye should make him a solid player, though it's unlikely he'll ever make enough contact to be the consistent star that his tools might tease he can be.
Ultimately, with Brinson not turning 20 and possibly set for a repeat of the SAL (at least, I'd recommend one), it's too early to fall into the "boom" or "bust" camp. The tools are real, and he's more than just a crazy-raw bundle of tools like, say, fellow Rangers prospect Jordan Akins, and thus, it's ridiculously early to write Brinson off, no matter how scary the numbers in the "K%" column get. However, the talk of him as a legitimate top prospect reflects a lack of attention given to the very serious and pervasive contact issues, problems that are so pronounced that few have recovered from them. It will be fascinating to watch how much all the things Brinson does well will serve to offset the contact problems going forward. For now, he remains a player with a lot of power and speed upside who may also turn into a high-walk hitter as he refines his pitch selection skills, though he carries higher risk than most of his heralded Hickory teammates and other low-minors hitting prospects. Watch his development throughout 2014 and don't be afraid to buy in if there are major signs of progress, even if he's repeating Hickory, but don't treat him as anything close to a sure thing despite his first-round status and tools.
We hoped you liked reading Lewis Brinson: Tons of Tools, One Ugly Number by Nathaniel Stoltz!
Amazing article. Who is the pitcher in the first GIF? That's easy gas. I have a 6 player minor league roster and I'm holding on to him just in case he explodes this year. He looks great when he makes contact, easy to see why people can fall in love with him.
And then he promptly blew out his elbow right after that outing. Should be back mid-'14, still just 20, so if the stuff is back he's a big pitching sleeper.
Yeah, as with a lot of tools guys, Brinson sure looks good when stuff falls into place.


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Q: Connecting to Amazon RDS from local machine through an ec2-instance bridge Hello all
I have a dabase seted up in RDS. Right now there is a ec-instance which is my test enviroment which connects to that RDS and working on a particular DB.
Now something with a migration might have messed up the data in that database.
What I am trying to do is connect to that database using pgAdmin 3 to check what's going on.
What I did is used the connect to a new server of pgAdmin
and used the SSH Tunnel tab.
In the properties I used the credentials of the RDS and in the SSH Tunnel(tab)
I used the ssh files I am using to connect to the testing instance I already know has access to the RDS.
Problem is I am getting

Error: SSH error: Error when starting up SSH session with error code
-8 [Unable to exchange encryption keys]

Does my logic make sense ?
Meaning to use the SSH tunnel to configure a connection to an ec2 instance and assume that throught this tunnel the pgAdmin is going to be able to connect to the actuall RDS hosted database ?
Any direction on how to proceed further are greatly appriciated !


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Nov 3, 2020, 10:00am EST |
Will You Still Be Watching Movies, Concerts, And Sports From The Couch This Holiday Season?
Gary DrenikContributor
Watching from the couch
AdobeStock_309772374 640
Covid-19 has wreaked havoc on the entertainment industry. Movie theaters in the state of New York only just reopened on October 23, limited to 25% capacity or a maximum of 50 viewers, and New York City's theaters remain closed. While AMC made a desperate bid to lure in movie-goers in August, offering tickets at as little as $0.15, Regal plans to close all of its U.S. theaters outside of 11 in the state of New York. As we head into an uncertain holiday season, questions remain about the future of entertainment — from movies theaters to concerts to sporting events.
To explore the impact that Covid-19 has had and will have on the entertainment industry, my colleague Phil Rist and I spoke with Josh Raper, VP of Marketing at Affinity Answers. Josh is a 15-year advertising veteran and has led major global and national campaigns for McDonald's, Allstate, Kellogg's, InBev, Esurance, among others.
Affinity Answers' all-in-one, tune-in marketing solution, FanFinder360°, identifies the most passionate fans across TV, movies, and music through billions of social engagements and supplies actionable insights about fan interests and behaviors — what they are watching, which digital websites and YouTube channels they flock to, their favorite sports teams, apps, celebrities and more. Drawing from Josh's experience with FanFinder360° and expertise in media and entertainment, we analyzed data from Prosper Insights and Analytics' October Survey of 7,600+ adults to get a sense for how sentiment towards entertainment could be causing shifts in the industry.
Gary Drenik: The entertainment industry is certainly bearing the brunt of the ill-effects of the pandemic. Can you walk us through what the data says about consumer appetite for returning to movie theaters, concerts, and sporting events?
Josh Raper: Even though almost every state has reopened movie theaters in select locations, we're seeing widespread and persistent consumer reluctance to return to theaters. According to Prosper's October data, only 19.7% of all consumers feel comfortable visiting a movie theater. The numbers are even worse for concerts. Only 12.8% of consumers feel comfortable seeing a concert in person. Consumers are the least likely to feel comfortable returning to sporting events, at only 11.9%. Women do seem to be more risk averse than men across the board, but this is especially true when it comes to attending live sporting events, where there's a 4.7% difference between the two.
Prosper feel comfortable
Prosper Insights & Analytics
Drenik: With this continued reluctance, are the big players in the entertainment industry trying to make a return to business as usual or are they largely pivoting their strategies to meet consumers where they are?
Raper: It really depends on the industry, but we're seeing three basic reactions. The first is to proceed in-person with caution, the second is to find in-person alternatives such as drive-ins, and the third is to go digital or virtual.
In the movie industry, some have pushed forward with in-theater releases. In early September, Warner Bros. released Christopher Nolan's "Tenet" in select theaters despite the fact that the two largest markets, California and New York, had not yet reopened indoor theaters. In the opening weekend, the movie collected $20.2M in North America, numbers not seen since before the pandemic. Meanwhile, brands such as Walmart have embraced drive-in movies to provide a movie-going experience to potential shoppers through a naturally socially distanced activity. Affinity Answers' data on social media engagements show that drive-in theaters exploded in popularity in Q2 2020. Below is a breakdown of the percent increase in number of people who mentioned drive-in cinemas on social media from Q1, 2020 to Q2, 2020:
Affinity Answers drive-in cinemas
Affinity Answers
Other media powerhouses have decided to embrace streaming. After multiple delays, Disney moved its release of "Mulan" to its streaming platform, Disney Plus, and recently made the movie available on other streaming platforms as well. Though "Mulan" was largely panned by critics of the movie and its price of $29.99, it is an interesting experiment in how movie studios can release major blockbusters on streaming platforms.
There's less consumer appetite for in-person concerts, so some musicians such as Kane Brown have decided to do entire tours at drive-in movie theaters. Meanwhile, labels such as Warner Music Group have pivoted to live-streaming or virtual concerts. In one of the most popular live-streamed concerts to date at over 2 million total unique viewers, The Weeknd held a TikTok augmented-reality live-streamed concert in July that set a record on the platform with 275,000 concurrent viewers.
Though "Mulan" was a mixed experiment, we expect more major blockbusters to be released via streaming platforms as we head into the holiday season. Similarly, with the success of virtual concerts, live-streamed music events, and the NBA's virtual fans during the playoffs, we do expect more consumers to be watching movies, concerts, and sporting events from their couches this holiday season than in any point in recent memory.
Drenik: Streaming certainly has become an even bigger deal since the pandemic. Our data shows that as of October, 44.6% of consumers subscribe to Netflix, 38.1% subscribe to Amazon Prime Video, 22.6% subscribe to Disney Plus, and 16.2% subscribe to Hulu Plus. With this fragmented landscape, how can networks create and market content that stands out?
Raper: There's certainly an ever-increasing number of streaming platforms, channels, shows, and even devices from which consumers can choose. In fact, your list is just the largest players. The October data reveals that there are, in fact, 11 different paid video platforms with subscribers constituting 5% or more of the total consumers surveyed. The sheer quantity of entertainment choices now available to consumers means that networks must invest in effective marketing and ease of access to stand out from the crowd.
They need to understand who their fans are and what they like. Decisions such as casting the right lead role in a TV show can have dramatic implications for the viewership that they are able to attract. Knowing which audiences are fans of certain actors or actresses can help build a cast with the broadest possible mutual affinities.
Interestingly, social media has been an unlikely hero in this regard, as millions of fans essentially gather around the virtual water coolers of social media to discuss their favorite movies, shows, influencers, etc. For instance, by looking at social media engagement, it's possible to create profiles of 3 majors fan groups of Kaley Cuoco. Networks that are casting Kaley can then use the fan groups to target advertisements or marketing campaigns at these demographics.
Affinity Answers Kailey Cuoco
Drenik: We can't talk about entertainment without talking about brands and advertisers as well. As we head into the holiday season, our October data shows that over 60% of consumers plan to purchase holiday items online, and 18% of consumers said social media will influence these purchases. Could you go into greater detail about how brand advertisers will use social media to overcome the difficulties of a fragmented media landscape this holiday season?
Raper: Practically speaking, fragmentation means more and more paid streaming platforms are keeping advertisers out. There are also issues around transparency, privacy, and third-party cookie blockers that make it incredibly difficult for advertisers to measure the impact of their ads and target the right audiences with them.
Social media allows brand advertisers to improve their targeting by figuring out what their fans truly care about. With billions of engagements on social media every month, advertisers can figure out relationships between fans of certain shows, musicians, YouTube personalities, influencers, and brands. These audience affinities open up the possibility to create meaningful partnerships and targeted ads that reach the right audience.
As a comparison, we looked at the recent McDonald's partnerships with Travis Scott and J Balvin below. We measured the shared affinities between the fans of Travis Scott and J Balvin with the fans of McDonald's. Looking at the TrueAffinity® increases, it is clear that Travis Scott was a home run. Fans of Travis Scott became fans of McDonald's because the partnership was seen as genuine and Travis Scott really ate at and enjoyed McDonald's.
Affinity Answers McDonald's
Conversely, it is clear that the J Balvin partnership was just a fast follower trying to capture additional sales. As we head into the holiday season, expect brands to begin identifying holiday partnerships with celebrities or influencers that will resonate with the fans or drive new fans to that brand.
Drenik: The entertainment industry has certainly changed during the pandemic, but it's interesting to see how networks, streaming services, movie studios, record labels, and the brands that advertise with them have adapted to the changing world. Thanks for your input, Josh!
To stay ahead of the post-pandemic consumer, Prosper's US Signals series of datasets include leading indicators and advanced predictive analytics covering forward looking consumer spending plans, behaviors and economic outlook:
US Signals - Macro Economic and Consumer PurchaseIntentions
US Signals - Retail Economy and Consumer Spending Forecast
To read my previous Forbes articles on changing consumer behavior, predictive analytics, machine learning, data privacy and more, please click here.
Gary Drenik
I cover consumer-centric insights and analytics that provide executives with solutions needed to drive strategy. I am the CEO of Prosper Business Development where, for
I cover consumer-centric insights and analytics that provide executives with solutions needed to drive strategy. I am the CEO of Prosper Business Development where, for more than 20 years, we have provided market leadership and developed contemporary solutions to help Fortune 500 companies navigate change that impacts their business. I got my start in the radio industry.